Method and apparatus on union carrier operation
Uni-C operation addresses the challenges of managing multiple frequency resources by grouping carriers with unique identities, enhancing resource utilization and performance in wireless communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/116856
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-06-28
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-02
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in managing and optimizing the utilization of multiple frequency resources across different frequency bands and cell layouts, leading to increased latency and inefficiencies in mobility, capacity, and coverage, especially with the introduction of more frequency resources in 5G NR and the integration of terrestrial and non-terrestrial networks.
The implementation of union carrier (Uni-C) operation, which involves grouping component carriers (CCs) into a set with unique identities, facilitating efficient resource management and switching between downlink and uplink carriers, and supporting single carrier-like operations to enhance mobility, capacity, and coverage.
Uni-C operation improves the utilization of communication resources with minimal overhead, reduces latency, and enhances the performance of mobility, capacity, and coverage by effectively managing multiple frequency bands and cell layouts.
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Figure CN2024116856_02012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD AND APPARATUS ON UNION CARRIER OPERATION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 665,876 filed on June 28, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications. Particularly, it relates to a method and apparatus on union carrier operation.BACKGROUND
[0004] In a wireless system, a user equipment (UE) gets access to the network by searching for downlink (DL) synchronization channel first. After it is synchronized on downlink, it could get system information from master information block (MIB) and system information block (SIB) . It could also get synchronized with network on uplink by going through the random access channel (RACH) procedure. After synchronization on both links are completed, it could set up connection with the network at different levels and start to communicate with the network.
[0005] To enhance both capacity and coverage, one possible solution is to utilize more frequency resources. In 4th generation (4G) LTE, more frequency resources are introduced / utilized in the form of carrier aggregation (CA) in the same or neighbor frequency band (s) . In 5th generation (5G) NR, more frequency resources in different frequency range (FR) are also exploited including FR1 (sub-6G Hz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz) .SUMMARY
[0006] One or more implementations of the present application provide communication methods and communication apparatuses. The techniques described in the application can improve the utilization of communication resources and make the utilization of these communication resources more feasible with minimal overhead or effort. Additionally, the techniques described herein can reduce the impact of cell layout and improve the performance of mobility, capacity, and coverage.
[0007] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method receiving a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C assignment indicates the downlink Uni-C using a first Uni-C identity (ID) , and where the Uni-C assignment indicates the uplink Uni-C using a second Uni-C ID.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method includes receiving, via at least one of the one or more first CCs in the downlink Uni-C, at least one of a paging signal, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WuS) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , or downlink data.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method includes transmitting, via at least one of the one or more second CCs in the uplink Uni-C, at least one of random access channel (RACH) procedure data, uplink control information (UCI) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or uplink data.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, at least one of the one or more first CCs is same as at least one of the one or more second CCs.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method includes receiving a Uni-C switching indication, where the Uni-C switching indication indicates at least one of: switching from the downlink Uni-C to a different downlink Uni-C; or switching from the uplink Uni-C to a different uplink Uni-C.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C switching indication indicates a switching time gap between a receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication and an effective time of Uni-C switching.
[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method includes transmitting a capability report including Uni-C support capability, where the Uni-C support capability indicates that a single carrier-like operation is supported.
[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C support capability indicates a quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single carrier-like operation.
[0016] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C assignment indicates an additional downlink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C and the additional downlink Uni-C are associated with different downlink signals.
[0017] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0018] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C assignment indicates the downlink Uni-C using a first Uni-C identity (ID) , and where the Uni-C assignment indicates the uplink Uni-C using a second Uni-C ID.
[0019] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method includes transmitting, via at least one of the one or more first CCs in the downlink Uni-C, at least one of a paging signal, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WuS) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , or downlink data.
[0020] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method includes receiving, via at least one of the one or more second CCs in the uplink Uni-C, at least one of random access channel (RACH) procedure data, uplink control information (UCI) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or uplink data.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, at least one of the one or more first CCs is same as at least one of the one or more second CCs.
[0022] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method includes transmitting a Uni-C switching indication, where the Uni-C switching indication indicates at least one of: switching from the downlink Uni-C to a different downlink Uni-C; or switching from the uplink Uni-C to a different uplink Uni-C.
[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C switching indication indicates a switching time gap between a receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication and an effective time of Uni-C switching.
[0024] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method includes receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability report including Uni-C support capability, where the Uni-C support capability indicates that a single carrier-like operation is supported.
[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C support capability indicates a quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single carrier-like operation.
[0026] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the Uni-C assignment indicates an additional downlink Uni-C, and the downlink Uni-C and the additional downlink Uni-C are associated with different downlink signals.
[0027] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0028] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0029] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0030] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface unit configured to receive a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0031] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes an interface circuit configured to transmit a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, where the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and where the downlink Uni-C includes one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C includes one or more second CCs.
[0032] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0033] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors coupled with one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0034] According to a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0035] According to a sixth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example communication system, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example limited set of component carriers (CCs) for initial network entry, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic illustration of example allocations of CCs in a union carrier (Uni-C) , according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic illustration of example DL carriers and UL carriers in a Uni-C, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic illustration of Uni-C switching, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic illustration of allocating different CCs for different signals, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIG. 11 shows an illustration of sharing spectrum with multiple CCs for single carrier operation or dynamic CC switching, according to some implementations of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0047] In future wireless system, the trend of utilizing more frequency resources could continue. With more frequency resources available to be exploited and utilized, how to manage them become an issue. The CA scheme may not go beyond different frequency band. Furthermore, large number of frequency bands in different FRs would also need a more union way to manage.
[0048] In 5G NR and earlier wireless system, an area covered by a base station is denoted as a cell and has a cell identifier (ID) associated with it, and if multiple carriers are used, each carrier could be denoted as a separate cell as well and have separate cell ID associated with each of the carrier (as each carrier is separate in frequency domain) . A cellular system provides good solution for wireless communication, such that frequency reuse and interference mitigation can be utilized. However, it has some drawbacks. One of them is the handover (HO) , namely, when UE moves from one cell to the other, it needs HO procedure to hand over the UE from one cell to the other, which may take longer time and incur more latency. Low-layer trigger mobility (LTM) is introduced for node switch at lower layer which will reduce the HO latency. However, overall cell concept is still used.
[0049] In future wireless system, the system could be more hybrid and include different types of TP nodes including both base station and TRP. Also, the function of each TP could be different, some for coverage enhancement and some for capacity enhancement. The coverage of each TP could be overlapped as well. More component carriers (CC) could also be used to expand the frequency bandwidth. From the energy saving perspective, certain TP could be turn on / off and such behaviors could be quite dynamic to save both network and UE energy without sacrificing the performance. More latency sensitive application also requires more smooth and continuous service even when UE moves around in the system, which makes the conventional HO difficult to handle.
[0050] In addition, inter-operator frequency resource sharing is an effective way to save the cost and improve the mutual performance. This could become more and more a trend in the future when large number of frequency bands are available ranging from lower frequency to medium frequency to higher frequency to super higher frequency. That can also add more difficulties and challenges in managing the frequency resource across operators.
[0051] Given all the requirements and challenges, method and apparatus on union carrier (Uni-C) operation are proposed in this disclosure. In some cases, a Uni-C consists of or includes a set (group) of component carriers (CCs) , and may be formed from one or more CCs from one or more spectrum ranges, e.g., frequency range (FR) 1, FR2, FR3, etc.
[0052] Each Uni-C may be associated / assigned with a unique index or Uni-C identity (Uni-C ID) , and each of CCs within one Uni-C is also associated / assigned with a unique index or CC identity (CC ID) , thus any component carrier (CC) in network can be indicated uniquely by Uni-C ID and CC ID. Moreover, an indication on one frequency resource may include information of Uni-C ID, one or more CC IDs, bandwidth part (BWP) , and (optionally) a number of resource block groups (RBGs) or resource blocks (RBs) , defined or configured as a frequency domain identity, or frequency identity (Freq-ID) .
[0053] That could facilitate the utilization of these resources in more effective manners and make the support of them more feasible without too much overhead / efforts. It could also facilitate the efforts to reduce the impact of cell layout and benefit the performance of mobility / capacity / coverage.
[0054] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. There is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0055] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0056] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0057] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network including multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0058] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown, the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0059] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0060] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0061] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0062] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0063] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0064] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0065] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0066] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0067] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0068] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0069] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0070] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0071] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0072] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0073] In addition, the communication system 100 may include a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0074] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0075] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0076] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0077] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0078] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0079] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0080] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0081] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0082] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0083] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0084] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0085] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0086] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0087] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0088] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0089] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0090] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0091] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0092] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0093] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0094] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0095] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may include a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0096] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0097] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0098] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0099] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0100] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0101] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0102] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0103] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies, referred to as carriers. A carrier, also known as a component carrier (CC) , may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, such as the center, lowest or highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on licensed or unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over a spectrum. The spectrum may include one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0104] A cell may include one or more downlink resources and optionally one or more uplink resources, or a cell may include one or more uplink resources and optionally one or more downlink resources. Alternatively, a cell may include both one or more downlink resources and one or more uplink resources. For example, a cell may include one downlink carrier / BWP, one uplink carrier / BWP, multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some implementations, a cell may also include one or more sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0105] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have (e.g., be on) one or more carriers.
[0106] In some implementations, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. For example, a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP, or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous BWPs. In other implementations, a BWP may have one or more carriers. For example, a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consists of two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some implementations, a BWP may include non-contiguous spectrum resources across non-contiguous multiple carriers, where a first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in mmWave band, a second carrier may be in a low band (such as a 2GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in the THz band, and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in a visible light band. Resources within a BWP on a single carrier may be contiguous or non-contiguous.
[0107] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth, which may be defined as the width of a frequency band where, beyond the lower and the upper frequency limits, the mean emitted powers are each equal to a specified percentage (β / 2) of the total mean transmitted power. (e.g., β / 2 = 0.5%) .
[0108] The carrier, BWP, or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (such as a base station) dynamically, such as via physical layer control signaling (e.g., DCI) , or semi-statically, such as via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or via the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario, determined by the UE as a function of known parameters, or fixed by a standard.
[0109] Even though CA was introduced and supported since 4G LTE, it is limited by frequency band (s) as only carries in the same or neighboring frequency bands can be aggregated. In 5G, the LTM is introduced and specified. However, the overall cell layout is still in the specification and early UE still needs to be bounded by cell layout and not get benefits from this mobility triggered by the lower layer. In future wireless system, with more and more frequency resources to be exploited and supported together, with more hybrid systems deployed, and with more stringent requirement on power saving to be met, a more unified solution needs to be introduced for carrier management and TP resource managements.
[0110] In some implementation, the network may define or pre-define a limited set of unified carriers or component carriers (CCs) to reduce the blind detection of CC or cell search. The limited set of unified carriers or CCs may be small in size or minimized in size that is determined based on factors such as region, country, carrier operator or associated regulation. Moreover or alternatively, a priority search order may be optionally defined during the CC or cell search.
[0111] Upon power-on, UE starts to search a limited set of carriers, Uni-Carrier (s) or CCs, and the UE may camp on a CC with satisfied channel quality, and get the system information on Uni-Carrier and CC configuration from network.
[0112] The system information may include a configuration of spectrum / frequency resources (also referred to as “Uni-C configuration” in some cases) in terms of Uni-Carrier (s) and associated CCs, and common control channels with one or more of Uni-C IDs, CC IDs or Freq-IDs. For example, the common control channels may include RACH, paging, low power -wake up signal (LP-WuS) , etc.
[0113] In some cases, one Freq-ID can indicate a combination of frequency resource (s) that can include one or more types of frequency resources. For example, the combination of frequency resource (s) indicated by one Freq-ID can include any combination of one or more Uni-Cs, one or more CCs, one or more BWPs, one or more RBGs, and one or more RBs. Accordingly, the Freq-ID can be associated with one or more IDs indicating the frequency resource (s) included in the combination of frequency resource (s) indicated by the Freq-ID. For example, the Freq-ID can be associated with any combination of one or more Uni-C IDs, one or more CC IDs, one or more BWP IDs, one or more RBG IDs, and one or more RB IDs.
[0114] In some cases, configurations of one or more Freq-IDs and associated frequency resource (s) can be obtained from system information such as master information block (MIB) / system information block (SIB) after initial access / entry to network. In some cases, one or more Freq-IDs and associated frequency resource (s) can be scheduled dynamically or semi-statically.
[0115] In some cases, a Uni-C configuration can indicate one or more Uni-Cs, for example, by including one or more Uni-C IDs associated with the one or more Uni-Cs in the Uni-C configuration. Each of the one or more Uni-C IDs can be associated with a respective Uni-C of the one or more Uni-Cs. In some examples, a Uni-C may not be configured any Uni-C ID. In some implementations, the Uni-C configuration can indicate more than one Uni-Cs. The more than one Uni-Cs can belong to the same FR or different FRs.
[0116] In some cases, the Uni-C configuration can be sent to a UE in a cell common signal, a group common signal, a UE specific signal, or any combinations thereof. The Uni-C configuration can be sent in RRC, MAC-CE, or other signals. For example, the Uni-C configuration can be included in system information such as MIB, or SIB1, or other SIBs.
[0117] In some cases, for a Uni-C including one or more CCs, the Uni-C configuration can indicate (e.g., include) a CC ID for at least one CC in the one or more CCs. In some cases, the Uni-C configuration does not indicate (e.g., include) any CC ID for a Uni-C. In some examples, the Uni-C configuration can indicate (e.g., include) other ID (s) associated with a Uni-C, such as BWP ID (s) , RBG ID (s) , RB ID (s) , and / or Freq-ID (s) .
[0118] Then, UE performs a network entry over random access procedure and establishes a connection with network.
[0119] Upon the establishment of the connection, UE specific configuration is provided on carriers for DL and UL communications, including one or more DL anchor carriers indicated by one or more Uni-C IDs / CC IDs (or Freq-IDs) , and one or more UL anchor carriers indicated by Uni-C IDs / CC IDs (or Freq-IDs) .
[0120] In some cases, the UE specific configuration can also be referred to as “Uni-C assignment. ” In some examples, the Uni-C assignment can indicate one or more Uni-Cs assigned to the UE. Accordingly, the Uni-C assignment can indicate (e.g., include) at least one Uni-C ID of the one or more Uni-Cs. The at least one Uni-C ID can be those included in the Uni-C configuration that the UE receives before receiving the Uni-C assignment. In some cases, the Uni-C assignment can be received by more than one UEs.
[0121] Additionally or alternatively, the Uni-C assignment can indicate other resources assigned to the UE, and these resources can, for example, be associated with (e.g., included in) the one or more Uni-Cs assigned to the UE. For example, the Uni-C assignment can indicate any combination of one or more CCs, one or more BWPs, one or more RBGs, and one or more RBs assigned to the UE. Accordingly, the Uni-C assignment can indicate (e.g., include) at least one ID indicating the other resources. For example, the at least one ID can include any combination of one or more CC IDs, one or more BWP IDs, one or more RBG IDs, one or more RB IDs, and one or more Freq-IDs.
[0122] In some examples, the Uni-C configuration indicates at least one CC in a Uni-C as a common control CC. The UE can receive the Uni-C assignment via the common control CC.
[0123] The UE may take advantage of these configured anchor carriers for DL and / or UL communications, including control messages and data traffic. Specifically, the UE may use these (down-selected and) camped Uni-C (s) / CC (s) for a system re-entry.
[0124] The system re-entry includes important events such as connection failure, wake-up and access to network from a power saving mode. For example, the UE in a power saving mode may use one or more of these anchored carriers for a fast access to network for DL monitoring, DL control or data reception, UL control or data transmission, for example, when waking up from a sleep mode. Hence, the procedure for power saving is simplified, and it is fast for wake-up and transmission (one-shot transmission) by using down-selected or configured camped Uni-C (s) / CC (s) when performing system re-entry.
[0125] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example limited set of carriers / CCs for initial network entry, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in I, in one possible implementation, a limited set of carriers / CCs or predefined candidate carriers / CCs 620 is used for initial network entry, especially for CC search procedure at the beginning.
[0126] In some cases, the candidate carriers / CCs are defined as reasonably small set to speed up initial network entry. For example, a plurality of carriers / CCs 610 are available in respective frequency ranges as shown in FIG. 6 (a) . A limited set of carriers / CCs 620, as shown in FIG. 6 (b) , are determined to reduce blind CC search, where CCk-< CCk (in FR1) , CCm-< CCm (in FR3) , and CCn-< CCn (in FR2) . One or more of CCk-, CCm-and CCn-may be Null. In other words, the CCs 620 included in a limited set of carriers / CCs may not be continuous in index. For example, the limited set of carriers / CCs 620 can include CC1, CC3, …CCk-, where CC2 is not in the limited set. In some cases, at least one CC is selected from one or more FRs. A limited set of carriers or CCs may be associated with region, country, operator, RAT, etc. For example, the limited set of carriers or CCs 620 may be associated with the same region, the same country, the same operator, and / or the same RAT. A search order or search priority over the limited set of carriers or CCs 620 may be optionally provided.
[0127] Upon power-on, UE starts to search the limited set of carriers or CCs 620, and the UE may camp on a CC with satisfied channel quality, and get the system information on Uni-Carrier and CC configuration from network.
[0128] In another possible implementation, system information configuration (SI, such as MIB / SIBs) of Uni-carrier (s) is provided, for example, when a UE camps on a CC with satisfied channel quality.
[0129] There are multiple ways to perform categorization on Uni-C (s) and associated CCs, including hierarchical or flat categorization.
[0130] Hierarchical categorization: define one or more Uni-Cs for operational frequency resources. Each Uni-C may include one or more CCs, where the one or more CCs may be selected from one or more FRs. Assign each Uni-carrier an index as its identity (i.e., Uni-C ID) , for example, Uni-C _k: (k=0, …, K-1) . Assign a carrier index (CC ID) to a CC belonging to the associated Uni-C. In some embodiments, a Uni-C ID is a unique number and a CC ID within the Uni-C is also a unique number. In other words, in some cases, no two Uni-Cs share the same Uni-C ID, and / or no two CCs share the same CC ID.
[0131] Flat categorization: for example, given a list of all or part of CCs belong to all FRs, assign a carrier index or CC ID over the list, e.g., CC_i, i=0, 1, 2, …, where a carrier index or CC ID is uniquely defined (or a unique number) .
[0132] The Uni-C (s) and associated CCs (or CCs with flat categorization) are used for one or more operators or RATs, where the frequency resources may be dedicatedly allocated, shared, or a combination of both.
[0133] After configuring the Uni-Cs in a system information, common channels or transmissions of common control information can be configured with frequency resources indicated by one or more Uni-C IDs or CC IDs, such as the examples below.
[0134] A first example includes common CORESET resources for receiving SI, where initially camped Uni-C ID or CC ID is indicated by, e.g., MIB, SIB1, or equivalent system information block.
[0135] In a second example, resources for physical random access channel (PRACH) are configured in SI (e.g., SIBx) with, for example, at least one Uni-C ID and at least one CC ID (associated the Uni-C ID) , BWP ID, or in some cases, at least one Freq-ID (for more detailed frequency configuration) . A UE may select one CC configured above (or from a default CC if multiple CCs are defined) for a random access.
[0136] In a third example, resources for group-common signaling, such as paging and LP-WuS, are configured in SI (e.g., SIBy) with, for example, at least one Uni-C ID and at least one CC ID (associated the Uni-C ID) , BWP ID, or in some cases, at least one Freq-ID (for more detailed frequency configuration) . A UE may monitor one CC configured above (or from a default CC if multiple CCs are defined) when waking up from a power saving mode or sleep mode.
[0137] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic illustration of example allocations of CCs in a Uni-C, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In FIG. 7, RACH and paging / LP-WuS frequency resources are configured and allocated in Uni-C1, where RACH uses CC2 710 and paging or LP-WuS uses CC3 720. The frequency resources may also include BWP or even RBG / RB, which can be indicated (at least partially) by one or more Freq-IDs.
[0138] In another possible implementations, a UE specific configuration with unified carrier operation is addressed upon the establishment of a connection between the UE and the network, where UE specific configuration, via the signaling such as RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or a combination thereof, may be used to allocate one or more anchor carriers for the UE. The UE may be allocated one or more anchor carriers that are indicated by one or more Uni-Cs and / or CC IDs for DL and UL communications, respectively.
[0139] In some cases, the downlink Uni-C and the uplink Uni-C can be decoupled, where a UE can use the downlink Uni-C for downlink receptions and use the uplink Uni-C for uplink transmissions. In some examples, the UE can receive a Uni-C assignment. The Uni-C assignment can indicate at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C. The downlink Uni-C can include one or more first component carriers (CCs) . The uplink Uni-C can include one or more second CCs.
[0140] In some cases, a CC can include a DL portion and an UL portion. The UE can be assigned the DL portion of the CC, the UL portion of the CC, or both. In some cases, when in FDD mode, the CC can have separate frequency resources for the DL portion and the UL portion, where the frequency resources for the DL portion and the frequency resources for the UL portion do not overlap. In some cases, when in TDD mode, the CC can have separate time resources for the DL portion and the UL portion. For example, the DL portion can correspond to DL time slots of the CC, whereas the UL portion can correspond to UL time slots of the CC.
[0141] In some cases, the first CC (s) and the second CC (s) can be disjoint, where none of the first CC (s) is the same as any of the second CC (s) . In such case, the DL portion of the first CC (s) and the UL portion of the second CC (s) can be assigned to the UE.
[0142] In some cases, at least one of the first CC (s) is the same as at least one of the second CC (s) . In such case, for a common CC that is in both of the first CC (s) and the second CC (s) , both of the DL portion and the UL portion of the common CC are assigned to the UE. In other words, even though the downlink Uni-C and the uplink Uni-C are decoupled in some cases, when a CC is shared between the downlink Uni-C and the uplink Uni-C, the CC can be used for both downlink and uplink communications.
[0143] In some cases, each of the first CC (s) is in the second CC (s) , and each of the second CC (s) is in the first CC (s) . In such case, both of the DL portion and the UL portion of each CC of the first CC (s) / second CC (s) are assigned to the UE.
[0144] In some examples, the Uni-C assignment can indicate the downlink Uni-C using a first Uni-C ID, and the Uni-C assignment can indicate the uplink Uni-C using a second Uni-C ID. In some cases, the first Uni-C ID and the second Uni-C ID can be different. This can occur when, for example, the first CC (s) and the second CC (s) are disjoint and are in different Uni-Cs. In some cases, the first Uni-C ID and the second Uni-C ID can be the same. This can occur when, for example, the first CC (s) and the second CC (s) are in the same Uni-C.
[0145] Additionally or alternatively, the Uni-C assignment can indicate other resources assigned to the UE, and these resources can, for example, be associated with (e.g., included in) the downlink Uni-C and / or the uplink Uni-C assigned to the UE. For example, the Uni-C assignment can indicate any combination of one or more CCs, one or more BWPs, one or more RBGs, and one or more RBs that are included in the downlink Uni-C and / or the uplink Uni-C. Accordingly, the Uni-C assignment can indicate (e.g., include) at least one ID indicating the other resources. For example, the at least one ID can include any combination of one or more CC IDs, one or more BWP IDs, one or more RBG IDs, one or more RB IDs, and one or more Freq-IDs.
[0146] To support UE communications, one or more DL camped carriers (e.g., the first CC (s) included in the downlink Uni-C as described above) may be configured or indicated for transmissions of DL signals or DL channels such as paging, LP-WuS, PDCCH, or PDSCH. In some cases, the UE may receive, via at least one of the one or more DL camped carriers, at least one of a paging signal, a LP-WuS, a PDCCH, or a PDSCH (e.g., downlink data) .
[0147] One or more UL camped carriers (e.g., the second CC (s) included in the uplink Uni-C as described above) may be configured or indicated for transmission of UL signals or UL channels, such as RACH procedure, UCI, sounding reference signal (SRS) , and PUSCH. In some examples, the UE may transmit, via at least one of the one or more UL camped carriers, at least one of RACH procedure data (for example, an RA preamble) , UCI, a SRS, a PUSCH (e.g., uplink data) . Moreover or alternatively, DL and UL configuration with Uni-Cs may be decoupled, and CCs for DL or UL may be shared or separately used among configured anchor carriers.
[0148] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic illustration of example DL carriers and UL carriers in a Uni-C, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. As shown in I, in some implementations, UE specific DL camped carriers 810 are configured as Uni-Cj / CC1, CC2, CC3, for, e.g., paging, LP-WuS, DL data, PDCCH, etc., and UE specific UL camped carriers 820 are configured with Uni-Cj / CC4, CC5, for, e.g., RACH, UL data, SRS, etc. In some cases, the UE specific DL camped carriers 810 correspond to the first CC (s) included in the downlink Uni-C as described above, and the UE specific UL camped carriers 820 correspond to the second CC (s) included in the uplink Uni-C as described above. In some cases, given the indicated or configured anchor carriers with Uni-C ID (s) and CC ID (s) , a dynamic scheduling message may not include frequency resources. A UE may use anchor carriers for corresponding DL or UL communications.
[0149] In another possible implementation, UE network re-entry with union carrier operation is addressed where the network re-entry includes events such as connection failure, wake-up and access to network from a power saving mode or a sleep mode.
[0150] For network re-entry, the UE may need to monitor DL (control) signals and / or send UL signals at UE specific or anchored carriers for DL and / or UL, respectively. For example, UE wakes up and accesses to the network from a sleep mode for (DL or UL) short data transmission, measurement reporting, etc. To support UE fast access or re-entry to network, the UE may use UE specific anchor carriers indicated by one or more Uni-C IDs and CC IDs, or one or more Freq-IDs for paging, LP-WuS, RACH process, sounding, etc. The UE specific configuration can be provided by RRC, MAC-CE, DCI, or a combination thereof, for example, after successful initial access to network or before the UE goes to a power saving mode.
[0151] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic illustration of Uni-C switching, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In FIG. 1, Uni-C1 may include k CCs and Uni-C2 may include m CCs. Two anchor carriers paging channel 1 (Ch1) 910 and paging Ch 2 920 (resource indication by Uni-C1 / CC2 and Uni-C2 / CC1, respectively) are configured for UE to monitor paging opportunities, where one paging channel may be used by default as shown in FIG. 9 (a) . In some cases, Uni-C1 may be turned off for power saving, thus an indication of CC switching (also referred to as “Uni-C switching indication” in some cases) can be provided to the UE (shown in FIG. 9 (b) ) . In some examples, switching the Uni-C can include switching an anchor CC from one Uni-C to another. For example, as shown in FIG. 9 (b) , the anchor CC for monitoring paging signals can switch from paging Ch 1 910 (Uni-C1 / CC2) to paging Ch 2 920 (Uni-C2 / CC1) . Before the switching happens, the indication may be provided, for example, via RRC, MAC-CE, or DCI. As the CC switching is cross Uni-C, it may possibly involve different radio frequency (RF) parts, which can be implicitly indicated also.
[0152] In some cases, the UE can receive the Uni-C switching indication from the network (e.g., a base station) . The Uni-C switching indication may indicate at least one of: switching from the downlink Uni-C to a different downlink Uni-C or switching from the uplink Uni-C to a different uplink Uni-C. In some examples, the Uni-C switching indication may indicate a switching time gap (the unit of the switching time gap may be radio frames, subframes, slots, symbols, or absolute unit such as seconds, milliseconds, etc. ) between a receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication and an effective time of Uni-C switching. The receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication may be, for example, the time (such as a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a symbol, or any combination thereof) at which the UE receives the Uni-C switching indication. The effective time (such as a radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a symbol, or any combination thereof) of Uni-C switching can be, for example, the time at which the UE starts to use the new Uni-C.
[0153] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic illustration of allocating different CCs for different signals, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In some cases, the Uni-C assignment, which the UE receives, can indicate more than one downlink Uni-Cs, where the two downlink Uni-Cs can be associated with different downlink signals. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the Uni-C assignment can indicate the Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 (e.g., by including the Uni-C IDs of Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 in the Uni-C assignment) . As depicted by FIG. 10, the Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 can be associated with different downlink signals, where the Uni-C1 includes an anchor CC 1010 for 4-step RACH and an anchor CC 1020 for LP-WuS, and the Uni-C2 includes an anchor CC 1030 for paging signals and an anchor CC 1040 for 2-step RACH. In some examples, the Uni-C can be assigned different anchor CCs for transmitting and / or receiving different types of signals. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the UE can be assigned four anchor CCs for 4-step RACH, LP-WuS, paging signals, and 2-step RACH, respectively.
[0154] In FIG. 10, Uni-C1 may include k CCs and Uni-C2 may include m CCs. Both of Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 may be, for example, downlink Uni-Cs. Two anchor carriers are configured for RACH process, one is for 2-step RACH and the other is for 4-step RACH; and two anchor carriers are configured for paging and LP-WuS, respectively. For RACH process, the UE may first check DL channel of anchor carrier, Uni-C2 / CC2, to see whether the channel quality is good enough for 2-step RACH, and if not, the UE can try to access or re-enter network via the anchor carrier of Uni-C1 / CC1.
[0155] When the UE wakes up from a power saving mode such as Inactive, Idle mode, or any other sleep mode, depending on sleep mode configuration of UE and / or configuration status for power saving, it may start monitoring the anchor carrier of Uni-C1 / CC2 on LP-WuS if the UE is operating with low power radio. Otherwise, it may start monitoring the anchor carrier of Uni-C2 / CC1 on paging signal if the UE is operating with normal radio.
[0156] In some cases, the Uni-C assignment, which the UE receives, may indicate more than one downlink Uni-Cs, where the two downlink Uni-Cs can be associated with different downlink signals. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the Uni-C assignment can indicate the Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 (e.g., by including the Uni-C IDs of Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 in the Uni-C assignment) . As depicted by FIG. 10, the Uni-C1 and Uni-C2 may be associated with different downlink signals, where the Uni-C1 includes an anchor CC 1010 for 4-step RACH and an anchor CC 1020 for LP-WuS, and the Uni-C2 includes an anchor CC 1030 for paging signals and an anchor CC 1040 for 2-step RACH. In some examples, the Uni-C may be assigned different anchor CCs for transmitting and / or receiving different types of signals. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the UE may be assigned four anchor CCs for 4-step RACH, LP-WuS, paging signals, and 2-step RACH, respectively.
[0157] FIG. 11 shows an illustration of sharing spectrum with multiple CCs for single carrier operation or dynamic CC switching, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. In FIG. 11, Uni-C1 may include k CCs which are shared by L (>1) carrier operators. In FIG. 11 (a) , some CCs 1110 are operator specific or dedicated resources of Operator 1 and the other CCs 1120 are shared resources. In this case, the Operator 1 may be free to use its own CCs 1110 and may schedule shared CCs upon agreement (e.g., by other operator (s) ) , where single carrier operation (e.g., single FFT processing) is possible if Operator 1 may support wider band signal processing (e.g., wider than a single CC) with Uni-C1.
[0158] On the other hand, CC switching may be performed by a CC switching indication, which can be in a dynamic way due to CCs within a single Uni-C. In FIG. 11 (b) , the CCs 1130 in Uni-C1 are shared among L (>1) carrier operators, where upon agreement between carrier operators, multiple CCs may be used to perform single carrier operation (given that larger bandwidth processing is supported) or CCs may be used based on availability by a carrier operator, where CC switching may be required over available CCs in different time durations. Note the CC switching within one Uni-C may be performed dynamically while CC switching cross Uni-C may require a switching time gap between the switching indication and actual switching action. The time of the switching indication can be, for example, the time at which the UE receives the CC switching indication. The time of the actual switching action can be, for example, the time at which the UE starts to use the new CC.
[0159] In some cases of present application, a single carrier operation can also be referred to as “single carrier-like operation. ” The single carrier operation (or the single carrier-like operation) in a Uni-C is to allow for single signal processing such as FFT processing for signals from more than one CC in the Uni-C. The single carrier operation in the Uni-C is different from the prior art in that, e.g., a legacy operation for an individual CC needs to process its signal individually, or there is no cross-CC signal processing. The single carrier operation is possible when a UE or network has a capability of performing signal processing (e.g., in terms of hardware, software, etc. ) over a channel bandwidth larger than the total channel bandwidth of the more than one CC in the Uni-C. For example, the Uni-C support capability can indicate that a single FFT operation (e.g., multiple CCs processed at once using one FFT operation) is supported. The Uni-C support capability can also indicate a size of the single FFT operation, such as FFT size, the quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single FFT operation. In some examples, the UE can transmit (for example, to a base station) a capability report including Uni-C support capability. The Uni-C support capability can indicate that a single carrier-like operation is supported. In some cases, the Uni-C support capability can indicate attribute (s) associated with the supported single carrier-like operation, such as a quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single carrier-like operation.
[0160] In some examples, the CCs that are processed jointly in a single carrier-like operation are adjacent to each other on the frequency domain. In some examples, the CCs can be widely separated in the frequency domain (e.g., the distance between two CCs on the frequency domain is at or above a distance threshold) . In such case, a CA can be performed on the CCs to implement the single carrier-like operation.
[0161] In present disclosure, the terms of “unified carrier” , “union carrier” and “Uni-C” are equivalent meaning, and exchangeable in usage; “anchor carrier” , “camp carrier” , “anchored carrier” and “camped carrier” are equivalent meaning, and exchangeable in usage.
[0162] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0163] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0164] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “signaling” and “signal” are intended to refer to carry information from one entity (e.g., UE / BS) to another entity (e.g., BS / UE) .
[0165] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0166] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0167] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0168] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0169] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0170] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0171] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0172] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates the downlink Uni-C using a first Uni-C identity (ID) , and wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates the uplink Uni-C using a second Uni-C ID.3.The method of claim 1 or 2, comprising:receiving, via at least one of the one or more first CCs in the downlink Uni-C, at least one of a paging signal, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WuS) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , or downlink data.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising:transmitting, via at least one of the one or more second CCs in the uplink Uni-C, at least one of random access channel (RACH) procedure data, uplink control information (UCI) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or uplink data.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein at least one of the one or more first CCs is same as at least one of the one or more second CCs.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:receiving a Uni-C switching indication, wherein the Uni-C switching indication indicates at least one of:switching from the downlink Uni-C to a different downlink Uni-C; orswitching from the uplink Uni-C to a different uplink Uni-C.7.The method of claim 6, wherein the Uni-C switching indication indicates a switching time gap between a receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication and an effective time of Uni-C switching.8.The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the method comprises:transmitting a capability report comprising Uni-C support capability, wherein the Uni-C support capability indicates that a single carrier-like operation is supported.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the Uni-C support capability indicates a quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single carrier-like operation.10.The method of any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates an additional downlink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C and the additional downlink Uni-C are associated with different downlink signals.11.A method comprising:transmitting a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates the downlink Uni-C using a first Uni-C identity (ID) , and wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates the uplink Uni-C using a second Uni-C ID.13.The method of claim 11 or 12, comprising:transmitting, via at least one of the one or more first CCs in the downlink Uni-C, at least one of a paging signal, a low power-wake up signal (LP-WuS) , a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , or downlink data.14.The method of any one of claims 11 to 13, comprising:receiving, via at least one of the one or more second CCs in the uplink Uni-C, at least one of random access channel (RACH) procedure data, uplink control information (UCI) , a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) , or uplink data.15.The method of any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein at least one of the one or more first CCs is same as at least one of the one or more second CCs.16.The method of any one of claims 11 to 15, comprising:transmitting a Uni-C switching indication, wherein the Uni-C switching indication indicates at least one of:switching from the downlink Uni-C to a different downlink Uni-C; orswitching from the uplink Uni-C to a different uplink Uni-C.17.The method of claim 16, wherein the Uni-C switching indication indicates a switching time gap between a receipt time of the Uni-C switching indication and an effective time of Uni-C switching.18.The method of any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein the method comprises:receiving, from a user equipment (UE) , a capability report comprising Uni-C support capability, wherein the Uni-C support capability indicates that a single carrier-like operation is supported.19.The method of claim 18, wherein the Uni-C support capability indicates a quantity of CCs to be processed jointly in the single carrier-like operation.20.The method of any one of claims 11 to 19, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates an additional downlink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C and the additional downlink Uni-C are associated with different downlink signals.21.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 20.22.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.23.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.24.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:an interface unit configured to receive a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.25.The communication apparatus of claim 21, comprising:an interface circuit configured to transmit a union carrier (Uni-C) assignment, wherein the Uni-C assignment indicates at least one of a downlink Uni-C or an uplink Uni-C, and wherein the downlink Uni-C comprises one or more first component carriers (CCs) , and the uplink Uni-C comprises one or more second CCs.26.The communication apparatus of claim 24 or 25, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.27.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors coupled with one or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 20.28.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 11 to 20.29.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 10 or 11 to 20.
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