Method and device for identifying ELR PPDU on basis of l-STF included in PPDU in wireless LAN system

Abstract

Proposed are a method and device for identifying an ELR PPDU on the basis of an L-STF included in a PPDU in a wireless LAN system. Specifically, a reception STA receives and decodes a PPDU. The PPDU includes an L-STF. The L-STF is configured on the basis of repetition of a first signal equal to a short symbol and repetition of a second signal obtained by multiplying the short symbol by -1. It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR PPDU on the basis of a first value obtained by performing autocorrelation between repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing autocorrelation between the repeated first and second signals.

Description

Method and device for identifying ELR PPDU based on L-STF included in PPDU in wireless LAN system

[0001] The present specification relates to a technique for identifying an ELR PPDU based on an L-STF included in a PPDU in a wireless LAN system, and more specifically, to a method and device for determining whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU by comparing measured values ​​by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on short symbols defined in the time domain of an L-STF.

[0002] Wireless local area networks (WLANs) have been improved in various ways. For example, the Extreme High Throughput (EHT) standard can utilize newly proposed increased bandwidth, an improved PHY layer protocol data unit (PPDU) structure, improved sequences, and Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) techniques. The EHT standard can also be referred to as the IEEE 802.11be standard.

[0003] The EHT specification supports high throughput and high data rates, which may include wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 320 MHz), 16 streams, and / or multi-link (or multi-band) operation.

[0004] In the EHT specification, wide bandwidth (e.g., 160 / 240 / 320 MHz) can be used to achieve high throughput. Preamble puncturing and multiple RU transmissions can also be used to efficiently utilize bandwidth.

[0005] WLAN systems can be further improved through the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard. The UHR system, also known as the IEEE 802.11bn standard, aims to support ultra-high reliability when transmitting signals to STAs. To achieve this, various technologies are being considered for UHR systems, including high throughput, low latency, and extended range support.

[0006] WLAN systems perform media access based on primary channels. For example, information about a primary channel with a bandwidth of 20 MHz is transmitted to multiple STAs via management frames, and any STA attempting to exchange frames can access the primary channel.

[0007] This specification proposes a method and device for identifying an ELR PPDU based on an L-STF included in the PPDU in a wireless LAN system.

[0008] An example of this specification proposes a method for identifying an ELR PPDU based on an L-STF included in the PPDU.

[0009] The present embodiment can be performed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (UHR (Ultra High Reliability) wireless LAN system or next wi-fi). The next-generation wireless LAN system is a wireless LAN system that improves the 802.11be system and can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11be system.

[0010] The present embodiment is performed in a receiving STA, and the receiving STA may correspond to at least one STA (station) or non-AP MLD (non-access point Multi-link Device). The transmitting STA of the present embodiment may correspond to an AP (access point) or AP MLD.

[0011] This embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying a defined ELR PPDU by using an L-STF included in a legacy preamble to solve a problem of a difference in transmission range of downlink and uplink due to power imbalance between an AP and a non-AP STA. Specifically, this embodiment proposes a method for determining whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU by comparing measured values ​​by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on a short symbol (or short STF sequence (S_STF)) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0012] A receiving STA (station) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from a transmitting STA.

[0013] The receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0014] The above PPDU includes a Legacy-Short Training Field (L-STF).

[0015] The above L-STF is constructed based on repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and repetition of a second signal in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1.

[0016] It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signal. That is, the receiving STA can determine (detect or identify) that the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing auto-correlation (or cross-correlation in the embodiment described below) on a short training signal (or the short symbol) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0017] The signal defined in the time domain of the above L-STF can be defined as follows.

[0018] For example, the first signal may be repeated seven times, the second signal may be repeated three times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0019] At this time, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal.

[0020] If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0021] According to the above-described assumption, since the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal are signals having the same phase, the first value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be a peak value. Since the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal are signals having a phase difference of 180 degrees, the second value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be 0.

[0022] As another example, the L-STF may be constructed based on repetition of a first signal whose short symbol is multiplied by -1 and repetition of a second signal identical to the short symbol. The first signal may be repeated 7 times, the second signal may be repeated 3 times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0023] At this time, similarly, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU can be determined as the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU can not be determined as the ELR PPDU.

[0024] As another example, the receiving STA can perform cross correlation between a signal defined in the time domain of the L-STF and a time domain signal of an existing defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0025] For example, the L-STF may be configured by repeating the first signal, in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1, 10 times. At this time, the receiving STA may perform two cross-correlations between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0026] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a first cross-correlation with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may obtain a second value by performing a second cross-correlation with the first signal and a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0027] As another example, the receiving STA can determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing only one cross-correlation between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF.

[0028] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a cross-correlation once with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may compare the first value with a threshold value, and if the first value is greater than the threshold value or the first value is within a range of the threshold value, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the ELR PPDU. The threshold value may be set based on an autocorrelation value of a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF.

[0029] That is, the present embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying an ELR PPDU by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on short symbols defined in the time domain of L-STF included in a legacy preamble, and comparing the measured values ​​to determine whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU.

[0030] According to the method proposed in this embodiment, since it is a method that utilizes the sequence of the existing L-STF, there is no need to define a separate sequence for detecting or identifying the ELR PPDU, so there is an effect that complexity does not increase, and there is an advantage that earlier detection is possible than a method of distinguishing the ELR PPDU in the ELR-MARK field.

[0031] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0032] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0033] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0034] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0035] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0036] Figure 6 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 20MHz PPDU.

[0037] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0038] Figure 8 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 80MHz PPDU.

[0039] Figure 9 shows the operation according to UL-MU.

[0040] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0041] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0042] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0043] Figure 13 shows an example of a header of a MAC frame.

[0044] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0045] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a UHR ELR PPDU format.

[0046] Figure 16 illustrates an example where RRU52 is repeated four times in a UHR ELR PPDU.

[0047] Figure 17 illustrates an example of an OFDM training structure.

[0048] Fig. 18 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a transmitting device according to the present embodiment.

[0049] Fig. 19 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a receiving device according to the present embodiment.

[0050] FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for a transmitting STA according to the present embodiment to transmit a PPDU including an L-STF for ELR PPDU identification.

[0051] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for a receiving STA according to the present embodiment to identify an ELR PPDU based on an L-STF included in the PPDU.

[0052] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0053] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0054] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” can be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0055] In addition, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when “control information (UHR-Signal field)” is indicated, the “UHR-Signal field” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” In other words, the “control information” in this specification is not limited to the “UHR-Signal field,” and the “UHR-Signal field” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” In addition, even when indicated as “control information (UHR-Signal field),” the “UHR-Signal field” may be suggested as an example of “control information.”

[0056] Additionally, as used herein, “a / an” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.” Additionally, terms ending in “(s)” can mean “at least one” or “one or more.”

[0057] Additionally, the expressions “based on” or “on the basis of” or “according to” used herein mean “based at least in part on” and not “based solely on.”

[0058] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0059] The following examples of this specification can be applied to various wireless communication systems. For example, the following examples of this specification can be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems. For example, the present specification can be applied to the IEEE 802.11a / g / n / ac / ax / be / bn standards. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to the Ultra High Reliability (UHR) standard or the next-generation wireless LAN standard that enhances IEEE 802.11bn. In addition, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems. For example, the examples of this specification can be applied to mobile communication systems based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) and its evolution based on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard.

[0060] In order to explain the technical features of this specification, the technical features to which this specification can be applied are described below.

[0061] Figure 1 illustrates an example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0062] An example of FIG. 1 can perform various technical features described below. FIG. 1 relates to at least one STA (station). For example, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a mobile terminal, a wireless device, a Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Station (MS), a Mobile Subscriber Unit, or simply a user. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a network, a base station, a Node-B, an access point (AP), a repeater, a router, a relay, etc. The STA (110, 120) of the present specification may also be referred to by various names such as a receiving apparatus, a transmitting apparatus, a receiving STA, a transmitting STA, a receiving device, a transmitting device, etc.

[0063] For example, STA (110, 120) may perform the role of an AP (access point) or a non-AP role. That is, STA (110, 120) of the present specification may perform the functions of an AP and / or a non-AP. In the present specification, AP may also be indicated as an AP STA.

[0064] The STA (110, 120) of this specification can support various communication standards other than the IEEE 802.11 standard. For example, it can support communication standards according to the 3GPP standard (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, 5G NR standard). In addition, the STA of this specification can be implemented in various devices such as a mobile phone, a vehicle, a personal computer, etc. In addition, the STA of this specification can support communication for various communication services such as voice calls, video calls, data communications, and autonomous driving (self-driving, autonomous-driving).

[0065] In this specification, STA (110, 120) may include a medium access control (MAC) and a physical layer interface for a wireless medium that follow the provisions of the IEEE 802.11 standard.

[0066] Based on the sub-drawing (a) of Fig. 1, STA (110, 120) is described as follows.

[0067] The first STA (110) may include a processor (111), a memory (112), and a transceiver (113). The illustrated processor, memory, and transceiver may each be implemented as separate chips, or at least two blocks / functions may be implemented through a single chip.

[0068] The transceiver (113) of the first STA performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0069] For example, the first STA (110) can perform the intended operation of the AP. For example, the processor (111) of the AP can receive a signal through the transceiver (113), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (112) of the AP can store a signal received through the transceiver (113) (i.e., a reception signal) and store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[0070] For example, the second STA (120) can perform the intended operation of a non-AP STA. For example, the transceiver (123) of the non-AP performs signal transmission and reception operations. Specifically, it can transmit and receive IEEE 802.11 packets (e.g., IEEE 802.11a / b / g / n / ac / ax / be, etc.).

[0071] For example, the processor (121) of the Non-AP STA can receive a signal through the transceiver (123), process the received signal, generate a transmission signal, and perform control for signal transmission. The memory (122) of the Non-AP STA can store a signal received through the transceiver (123) (i.e., a reception signal) and store a signal to be transmitted through the transceiver (i.e., a transmission signal).

[0072] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as AP may be performed in the first STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as AP may be controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or a transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110). In addition, when the second STA (110) is an AP, the operation of the device indicated as an AP is controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal can be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP can be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (110).

[0073] For example, in the specification below, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP (or User-STA) may be performed in the STA (110) or the second STA (120). For example, if the second STA (120) is a non-AP, the operation of the device indicated as a non-AP may be controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (123) controlled by the processor (121) of the second STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (122) of the second STA (120). For example, if the first STA (110) is a non-AP, the operation of a device indicated as a non-AP is controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (110), and a related signal may be transmitted or received through a transceiver (113) controlled by the processor (111) of the first STA (120). In addition, control information related to the operation of the non-AP or the transmission / reception signal of the AP may be stored in the memory (112) of the first STA (110).

[0074] In the following specification, devices called (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. may refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, devices indicated as (transmitting / receiving) STA, first STA, second STA, STA1, STA2, AP, first AP, second AP, AP1, AP2, (transmitting / receiving) Terminal, (transmitting / receiving) device, (transmitting / receiving) apparatus, network, etc. without specific drawing symbols may also refer to the STA (110, 120) of FIG. 1. For example, in the example below, the operation of various STAs transmitting and receiving signals (e.g., PPPDU) may be performed by the transceiver (113, 123) of FIG. 1. In addition, in the example below, the operation of various STAs generating transmission and reception signals or performing data processing or calculations in advance for transmission and reception signals may be performed by the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1.For example, an example of an operation that generates a transmission / reception signal or performs data processing or operation in advance for a transmission / reception signal may include 1) an operation of determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding bit information of a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 2) an operation of determining / configuring / obtaining time resources or frequency resources (e.g., subcarrier resources) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 3) an operation of determining / configuring / obtaining a specific sequence (e.g., a pilot sequence, an STF / LTF sequence, an extra sequence applied to SIG) used for a subfield (SIG, STF, LTF, Data) field included in a PPDU, 4) a power control operation and / or a power saving operation applied to an STA, 5) an operation related to determining / obtaining / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding an ACK signal, etc. Additionally, in the examples below, various information (e.g., information related to fields / subfields / control fields / parameters / power, etc.) used by various STAs for determining / acquiring / configuring / computing / decoding / encoding transmission / reception signals can be stored in the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0075] The device / STA of the sub-drawing (a) of the above-described FIG. 1 can be modified as in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. Hereinafter, the STA (110, 120) of the present specification will be described based on the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1.

[0076] For example, the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the transceiver illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above. For example, the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may include a processor (111, 121) and a memory (112, 122). The processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 may perform the same function as the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 described above.

[0077] The mobile terminal, wireless device, Wireless Transmit / Receive Unit (WTRU), User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), Mobile Subscriber Unit, user, user STA, network, Base Station, Node-B, Access Point (AP), repeater, router, relay, receiving device, transmitting device, receiving STA, transmitting STA, receiving Device, transmitting Device, receiving Apparatus, and / or transmitting Apparatus described below may refer to the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may refer to the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1. That is, the technical feature of the present specification may be performed in the STA (110, 120) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1, or may be performed only in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1. For example, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal generated in the processor (111, 121) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1 is transmitted through the transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in the sub-drawings (a) / (b) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature that the transmitting STA transmits a control signal may be understood as a technical feature that the control signal to be transmitted to the transceiver (113, 123) is generated in the processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in the sub-drawings (b) of FIG. 1.

[0078] For example, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal being received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processor (111, 121) illustrated in sub-drawing (a) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the technical feature of a receiving STA receiving a control signal can be understood as a technical feature of a control signal received by a transceiver (113, 123) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1 being acquired by a processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in sub-drawing (b) of FIG.

[0079] Referring to the sub-drawing (b) of FIG. 1, software code (115, 125) may be included in the memory (112, 122). The software code (115, 125) may include instructions that control the operation of the processor (111, 121). The software code (115, 125) may be included in various programming languages.

[0080] The processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, a logic circuit, and / or a data processing device. The processor may be an application processor (AP). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). For example, the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) illustrated in FIG. 1 may be a SNAPDRAGON™ series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO™ series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM™ series processor manufactured by INTEL®, or an enhanced processor thereof.

[0081] In this specification, uplink may mean a link for communication from a non-AP STA to an AP STA, and uplink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the uplink. In addition, in this specification, downlink may mean a link for communication from an AP STA to a non-AP STA, and downlink PPDU / packet / signal, etc. may be transmitted through the downlink.

[0082] Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing the structure of a wireless local area network (WLAN).

[0083] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0084] The upper part of Figure 2 shows the structure of the infrastructure BSS (basic service set) of IEEE (institute of electrical and electronic engineers) 802.11.

[0085] Referring to the top of FIG. 2, the wireless LAN system may include one or more infrastructure BSSs (200, 205) (hereinafter, BSS). The BSSs (200, 205) are a collection of APs and STAs, such as an access point (AP) 225 and a station (STA1, 200-1), that have successfully synchronized and can communicate with each other, and are not a concept that designates a specific area. The BSS (205) may also include one or more STAs (205-1, 205-2) that can be associated with one AP (230).

[0086] A BSS may include at least one STA, an AP (225, 230) providing a distribution service, and a distribution system (DS, 210) connecting multiple APs.

[0087] A distributed system (210) can connect multiple BSSs (200, 205) to implement an extended service set (ESS, 240). An ESS (240) can be used as a term to indicate a network formed by connecting one or more APs through the distributed system (210). APs included in a single ESS (240) can have the same SSID (service set identification).

[0088] The portal (portal, 220) can act as a bridge to connect a wireless LAN network (IEEE 802.11) to another network (e.g., 802.X).

[0089] In a BSS such as the upper part of Fig. 2, a network between APs (225, 230) and a network between APs (225, 230) and STAs (200-1, 205-1, 205-2) can be implemented. However, it may also be possible to establish a network and perform communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230). A network that establishes a network and performs communication between STAs without an AP (225, 230) is defined as an ad-hoc network or an independent basic service set (IBSS).

[0090] The bottom of Figure 2 is a conceptual diagram showing IBSS.

[0091] Referring to the bottom of Fig. 2, the IBSS is a BSS that operates in ad-hoc mode. Since the IBSS does not include an AP, there is no centralized management entity. That is, in the IBSS, the STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) are managed in a distributed manner. In the IBSS, all STAs (250-1, 250-2, 250-3, 255-4, 255-5) can be mobile STAs, and access to the distributed system is not permitted, forming a self-contained network.

[0092] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating a general link setup process.

[0093] In step S310, the STA may perform a network discovery operation. This network discovery operation may include scanning by the STA. That is, for the STA to access the network, it must find a network it can join. Before joining a wireless network, the STA must identify compatible networks. The process of identifying networks in a specific area is called scanning. Scanning methods include active scanning and passive scanning.

[0094] Figure 3 illustrates a network discovery operation that includes an active scanning process as an example. In active scanning, an STA performing scanning transmits a probe request frame to discover which APs exist in the vicinity while moving between channels and waits for a response. A responder transmits a probe response frame to the STA that transmitted the probe request frame in response to the probe request frame. Here, the responder may be the STA that last transmitted a beacon frame in the BSS of the channel being scanned. In a BSS, the AP transmits the beacon frame, so the AP becomes the responder. In an IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting beacon frames, so the responder is not constant. For example, an STA that transmits a probe request frame on channel 1 and receives a probe response frame on channel 1 can store BSS-related information included in the received probe response frame and move to the next channel (e.g., channel 2) to perform scanning (i.e., transmitting and receiving probe requests / responses on channel 2) in the same manner.

[0095] Although not shown in the example of FIG. 3, the scanning operation can also be performed in a passive scanning manner. An STA performing scanning based on passive scanning can wait for a beacon frame while moving between channels. A beacon frame is one of the management frames in IEEE 802.11. It announces the presence of a wireless network and is periodically transmitted so that the scanning STA can find the wireless network and participate in the wireless network. In the BSS, the AP periodically transmits the beacon frame, and in the IBSS, the STAs within the IBSS take turns transmitting the beacon frame. When the scanning STA receives a beacon frame, it stores the information about the BSS included in the beacon frame and moves to another channel, recording the beacon frame information on each channel. An STA that receives a beacon frame can store the BSS-related information included in the received beacon frame, move to the next channel, and perform scanning on the next channel in the same manner.

[0096] An STA that discovers a network can perform an authentication process through step S320. This authentication process may be referred to as the first authentication process to clearly distinguish it from the security setup operation of step S340 described below. The authentication process of S320 may include a process in which the STA transmits an authentication request frame to the AP, and the AP responds by transmitting an authentication response frame to the STA. The authentication frame used for the authentication request / response corresponds to a management frame.

[0097] The authentication frame may include information such as an authentication algorithm number, an authentication transaction sequence number, a status code, a challenge text, a Robust Security Network (RSN), and a Finite Cyclic Group.

[0098] An STA can transmit an authentication request frame to an AP. The AP can determine whether to grant authentication to the STA based on the information contained in the received authentication request frame. The AP can provide the result of the authentication process to the STA via an authentication response frame.

[0099] A successfully authenticated STA may perform an association process based on step S330. The association process includes a process in which the STA transmits an association request frame to the AP, and the AP transmits an association response frame to the STA in response. For example, the association request frame may include information related to various capabilities, such as a beacon listen interval, a service set identifier (SSID), supported rates, supported channels, RSN, mobility domain, supported operating classes, a Traffic Indication Map Broadcast request, and interworking service capabilities. For example, the association response frame may contain information related to various capabilities, status codes, Association ID (AID), supported rates, Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) parameter sets, Received Channel Power Indicator (RCPI), Received Signal to Noise Indicator (RSNI), mobility domains, timeout interval (association comeback time), overlapping BSS scan parameters, TIM broadcast response, QoS maps, etc.

[0100] In step S340, the STA may perform a security setup process. The security setup process of step S340 may include, for example, a process of setting up a private key through a four-way handshaking using an Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN (EAPOL) frame.

[0101] Figure 4 illustrates one embodiment of a multi-link (ML).

[0102] As illustrated in FIG. 4, multiple multi-link devices (MLDs) can communicate over a remote link. The MLDs can be categorized into AP MLDs including multiple AP STAs and non-AP MLDs including multiple non-AP STAs. That is, the AP MLD can include affiliated APs (i.e., AP STAs), and the non-AP MLD can include affiliated STAs (i.e., non-AP STAs, or user-STAs).

[0103] A multilink may include a first link and a second link, and different channels / subchannels / frequency resources may be allocated to the first and second links. The first and second multilinks may be identified through a link ID of 4 bits (or other n bits). The first and second links may be configured in the same 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, or 6 GHz band. Alternatively, the first link and the second link may be configured in different bands.

[0104] The AP MLD of FIG. 4 includes three affiliated APs. In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may operate in the 2.4 GHz band, AP2 may operate in the 5 GHz band, and AP3 may operate in the 6 GHz band. In the example of FIG. 4, the first link in which AP1 and non-AP1 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 2.4 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the second link in which AP2 and non-AP2 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 5 GHz band. Furthermore, in the example of FIG. 4, the third link in which AP3 and non-AP3 operate may be defined as a channel / subchannel / frequency resource within the 6 GHz band.

[0105] In the example of FIG. 4, AP1 may initiate a multi-link setup procedure (ML setup procedure) by transmitting an Association Request frame to non-AP STA1. In the example of FIG. 4, non-AP STA1 may transmit an Association Response frame in response to the Association Request frame. Each AP (e.g., AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the AP illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2, and each non-AP (e.g., non-AP1 / 2 / 3) illustrated in FIG. 4 may be identical to the STA (i.e., user-STA or non-AP STA) illustrated in FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 2.

[0106] The specific features of this specification are not limited to the specific features of FIG. 4. That is, the number of links can be defined in various ways, and multiple links can be defined in various ways within at least one band.

[0107] FIG. 5 illustrates a PPDU (physical protocol data unit or physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit) transmitted / received by an STA of this specification.

[0108] The STA (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA, AP MLD, non-AP MLD) of the present specification can transmit and / or receive the PPDU of FIG. 5. The PPDU described in the present specification may have, for example, the structure of FIG. 5. In addition, the PPDU described in the present specification may be called by various names such as a transmission PPDU, a reception PPDU, a first type PPDU, or an Nth type PPDU, etc. The PPDU described in the present specification can be used in a WLAN system defined according to IEEE 802.11bn and / or a next-generation WLAN system that improves IEEE 802.11bn.

[0109] The PPDU of FIG. 5 may be related to various PPDU types used in a UHR system. For example, the example of FIG. 5 may be used for at least one of a single-user (SU) mode / type / transmission, a multi-user (MU) mode / type / transmission, and a null data packet (NDP) mode / type / transmission related to channel sounding. For example, if the example of FIG. 5 is related to NDP, the Data field illustrated may be omitted. If the PPDU of FIG. 5 is used for a trigger-based (TB) mode, the UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may be omitted. In other words, an STA that has received a trigger frame for UL-MU (Uplink-MU) communication may transmit a PPDU with the UHR-SIG omitted in the example of FIG. 5.

[0110] In FIG. 5, L-STF or UHR-LTF may be called a preamble or physical preamble, and may be generated / transmitted / received / acquired / decoded in the physical layer (included in the transmitting / receiving STA).

[0111] Each block illustrated in Fig. 5 may be called a field / subfield / signal, etc. The names of these fields / subfields / signals may be, as illustrated in Fig. 5, L-STF (legacy short training field), L-LTF (legacy long training field), L-SIG (legacy signal), RL-SIG (repeated L-SIG), U-SIG (Universal Signal), UHR-SIG (UHR-signal), etc.

[0112] The subcarrier spacing of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields in FIG. 5 may be set to 312.5 kHz, and the subcarrier spacing of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be set to 78.125 kHz. That is, the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG, RL-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG fields may be expressed in units of 312.5 kHz, and the tone index (or subcarrier index) of the UHR-STF, UHR-LTF, and Data fields may be expressed in units of 78.125 kHz.

[0113] In the PPDU of Fig. 5, L-LTF and L-STF may be identical to conventional fields (e.g., non-HT LTF and non-HT STF defined in conventional WLAN standards).

[0114] The L-SIG field of FIG. 5 may include, for example, 24 bits of bit information. For example, the 24 bits of information may include a 4 bit Rate field, a 1 bit Reserved bit, a 12 bit Length field, a 1 bit Parity bit, and a 6 bit Tail bit. For example, the 12 bit Length field may include information about the length or time duration of the PPDU. For example, the value of the 12 bit Length field may be determined based on the type of the PPDU. For example, if the PPDU is a non-HT (non-High Throughput), HT (High Throughput), VHT (Very High Throughput) PPDU, or an EHT (extremely high throughput) PPDU or UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as a multiple of 3. For example, if the PPDU is a HE PPDU, the value of the Length field may be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, for non-HT, HT, VHT PPDU, EHT PPDU, UHR PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as a multiple of 3, and for HE (High-Efficiency) PPDU, the value of the Length field can be determined as "a multiple of 3 + 1" or "a multiple of 3 + 2". In other words, the Length field in an UHR PPDU is set to a value satisfying the condition that the remainder is zero when LENGTH is divided by 3.

[0115] For example, (non-AP and AP) STAs can apply BCC encoding based on a code rate of 1 / 2 to the 24 bits of information in the L-SIG field. Then, the transmitting STA can obtain 48 BCC coded bits. BPSK modulation can be applied to the 48 coded bits to generate 48 BPSK symbols. The transmitting STA can map the 48 BPSK symbols to positions excluding the pilot subcarriers {subcarrier index -21, -7, +7, +21} and the DC subcarrier {subcarrier index 0}. As a result, the 48 BPSK symbols can be mapped to subcarrier indices -26 to -22, -20 to -8, -6 to -1, +1 to +6, +8 to +20, and +22 to +26. The transmitting STA can additionally map the signal {-1, -1, -1, 1} to the subcarrier indices {-28, -27, +27, +28}. The above signal can be used for channel estimation for the frequency domain corresponding to {-28, -27, +27, +28}.

[0116] For example, (non-AP and AP) STA can generate RL-SIG, which is generated in the same manner as L-SIG. BPSK modulation can be applied to RL-SIG. Receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is a HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU based on the presence of RL-SIG. In other words, if RL-SIG is present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of HE PPDU, EHT PPDU, or UHR PPDU. In other words, if RL-SIG is not present, receiving (non-AP and AP) STA can determine whether the received PPDU is one of non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, or VHT PPDU. In other words, the RL-SIG field is a repeat of the L-SIG field and is used to differentiate an UHR PPDU from a non-HT PPDU, HT PPDU, and VHT PPDU.

[0117] After the RL-SIG in Fig. 5, a U-SIG (Universal SIG) may be inserted. The U-SIG may be called by various names such as the first SIG field, the first SIG, the first type SIG, the control signal, the control signal field, the first (type) control signal, the common control field, and the common control signal.

[0118] A U-SIG can contain N bits of information and can include information for identifying the type of EHT PPDU. For example, a U-SIG can be formed based on two symbols (e.g., two consecutive OFDM symbols). Each symbol (e.g., an OFDM symbol) for a U-SIG can have a duration of 4 microseconds. Each symbol of a U-SIG can be used to transmit 26 bits of information. For example, each symbol of a U-SIG can be transmitted and received based on 52 data tones and 4 pilot tones.

[0119] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) can be transmitted through U-SIG, and the first symbol of U-SIG can transmit the first X bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information, and the second symbol of U-SIG can transmit the remaining Y bits of information (e.g., 26 uncoded bits) out of the total A bit information. For example, the transmitting STA can obtain 26 uncoded bits included in each U-SIG symbol. The transmitting STA can perform convolutional encoding (i.e., BCC encoding) based on a rate of R=1 / 2 to generate 52 coded bits, and perform interleaving on the 52 coded bits. The transmitting STA can perform BPSK modulation on the interleaved 52 coded bits to generate 52 BPSK symbols allocated to each U-SIG symbol. A single U-SIG symbol can be transmitted based on 56 tones (subcarriers) from subcarrier index -28 to subcarrier index +28, excluding DC index 0. The 52 BPSK symbols generated by the transmitting STA can be transmitted based on the remaining tones (subcarriers) excluding the pilot tones -21, -7, +7, and +21.

[0120] For example, A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by U-SIG may include a CRC field (e.g., a 4-bit long field) and a tail field (e.g., a 6-bit long field). The CRC field and the tail field may be transmitted through the second symbol of the U-SIG. The CRC field may be generated based on 26 bits allocated to the first symbol of the U-SIG and the remaining 16 bits excluding the CRC / tail field within the second symbol, and may be generated based on a conventional CRC calculation algorithm. In addition, the tail field may be used to terminate the trellis of the convolutional decoder and may be set to, for example, "000000".

[0121] The A bit information (e.g., 52 uncoded bits) transmitted by the U-SIG (or U-SIG field) can be divided into version-independent bits and version-dependent bits. For example, the size of the version-independent bits can be fixed or variable. For example, the version-independent bits can be assigned only to the first symbol of the U-SIG, or the version-independent bits can be assigned to both the first symbol and the second symbol of the U-SIG. For example, the version-independent bits and the version-dependent bits can be called by various names, such as the first control bit and the second control bit.

[0122] For example, the version-independent bits of the U-SIG may include a 3-bit PHY version identifier. For example, the 3-bit PHY version identifier may include information related to the PHY version of the transmitted and received PPDU. For example, a first value (e.g., a value of 000) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an EHT PPDU. In addition, a second value (e.g., a value of 001) of the 3-bit PHY version identifier may indicate that the transmitted and received PPDU is an UHR PPDU.

[0123] In other words, when the (AP / non-AP) STA transmits an EHT PPDU, it can set the 3-bit PHY version identifier to the first value. In other words, the receiving (AP / non-AP) STA can determine that the received PPDU is an EHT PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the first value, and can determine that the received PPDU is an UHR PPDU based on the PHY version identifier having the second value.

[0124] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include a 1-bit UL / DL flag field. The first value of the 1-bit UL / DL flag field relates to UL communication, and the second value of the UL / DL flag field relates to DL communication.

[0125] For example, the version-independent bits of U-SIG may include information about the length of a transmission opportunity (TXOP) and information about the BSS color ID.

[0126] For example, if a UHR PPDU is classified into various types (e.g., a type related to SU transmission (performed based on UL or DL), a type related to DL transmission, a type related to NDP transmission, a type related to DL non-MU-MIMO, a type related to DL MU-MIMO, a type related to Multi-AP operation, a type related to CBF (Coordinated beamforming), SR (Spatial Reuse), a type related to C-OFDMA (Coordinated OFDMA), a type related to C-TDMA (Coordinated TDMA)), information about the type of the EHT PPDU (e.g., 2-bit or 3-bit information) can be included in the version-dependent bits of the U-SIG.

[0127] For example, a U-SIG may include information about 1) a bandwidth field including information about a bandwidth, 2) a field including information about an MCS technique applied to the UHR-SIG, 3) an indication field including information about whether a dual subcarrier modulation (DCM) technique is applied to the UHR-SIG, 4) a field including information about the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG, 5) a field including information about whether the UHR-SIG is generated over the entire band, 6) a field including information about the type of UHR-LTF / STF, and 7) a field indicating the length of the UHR-LTF and the CP length.

[0128] Preamble puncturing may be applied to the PPDU of FIG. 5. Preamble puncturing refers to applying puncturing to a portion of the entire bandwidth of the PPDU (e.g., the secondary 20 MHz band). For example, when an 80 MHz PPDU is transmitted, the STA applies puncturing to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band, and can transmit the PPDU only through the primary 20 MHz band and the secondary 40 MHz band.

[0129] For example, the pattern of preamble puncturing can be preset. For example, when the first puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the second puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to one of the two secondary 20 MHz bands included in the secondary 40 MHz band within the 80 MHz band. For example, when the third puncturing pattern is applied, puncturing can be applied only to the secondary 20 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band). For example, when the fourth puncturing pattern is applied, a primary 40 MHz band included in the primary 80 MHz band within the 160 MHz band (or 80+80 MHz band) may be present, and puncturing may be applied to at least one 20 MHz channel that does not belong to the primary 40 MHz band.

[0130] Information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU may be included in the U-SIG and / or UHR-SIG. For example, the first field of the U-SIG may include information regarding the contiguous bandwidth of the PPDU, and the second field of the U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the PPDU.

[0131] For example, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following method. If the bandwidth of the PPDU exceeds 80 MHz, the U-SIG may be individually configured in units of 80 MHz. For example, if the bandwidth of the PPDU is 160 MHz, the PPDU may include a first U-SIG for the first 80 MHz band and a second U-SIG for the second 80 MHz band. In this case, the first field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding the 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the first U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information regarding the preamble puncturing pattern). Additionally, the first field of the second U-SIG may include information about a 160 MHz bandwidth, and the second field of the second U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern). Meanwhile, the UHR-SIG consecutive to the first U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the second 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern), and the UHR-SIG consecutive to the second U-SIG may include information about preamble puncturing applied to the first 80 MHz band (i.e., information about a preamble puncturing pattern).

[0132] Additionally or alternatively, U-SIG and UHR-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing based on the following methods. U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing for all bands (i.e., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns). That is, UHR-SIG may not include information regarding preamble puncturing, and only U-SIG may include information regarding preamble puncturing (i.e., information regarding preamble puncturing patterns).

[0133] U-SIGs can be configured in 20 MHz units. For example, if an 80 MHz PPDU is configured, U-SIGs can be duplicated. That is, four identical U-SIGs can be included within an 80 MHz PPDU. PPDUs exceeding the 80 MHz bandwidth can contain different U-SIGs.

[0134] The UHR-SIG of FIG. 5 may include control information for a receiving STA. The UHR-SIG may be transmitted via at least one symbol, and each symbol may have a length of 4 us. Information regarding the number of symbols used for the UHR-SIG may be included in the U-SIG.

[0135] UHR-SIG provides additional signals to the U-SIG field to enable STAs to interpret / decode UHR PPDUs. The UHR-SIG field may contain U-SIG overflow bits that are common to all users. The UHR-SIG field also contains resource allocation information, allowing STAs to look up resources used in fields containing data fields / UHR-STF / UHR-LTF (i.e., UHR modulated fields of an UHR PPDU).

[0136] The frequency resources of the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields illustrated in FIG. 5 can be determined based on RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and data fields of this specification can be transmitted / received through RUs (resource units) defined by multiple subcarriers / tones.

[0137] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for a 20 MHz PPDU. That is, the UHR-LTF, UHR-STF, and / or data fields included in the 20 MHz PPDU can be transmitted / received through at least one of the various RUs defined in FIG. 6.

[0138] As shown at the top of Fig. 6, 26 units (i.e., units corresponding to 26 tones) can be arranged. Six tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 20 MHz band, and five tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 20 MHz band. In addition, seven DC tones can be inserted in the center band, i.e., the DC band, and 26 units corresponding to 13 tones can exist on each side of the DC band. In addition, 26 units, 52 units, and 106 units can be allocated to other bands. Each unit can be allocated for a receiving station, i.e., a user.

[0139] Meanwhile, the RU arrangement of FIG. 6 is utilized not only in a situation for multiple users (MUs) but also in a situation for a single user (SU), in which case it is possible to use one 242-unit as shown at the bottom of FIG. 4, in which case three DC tones can be inserted.

[0140] In the example of Fig. 6, RUs of various sizes, such as 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, and 242-RU, are proposed. Since the specific sizes of these RUs can be expanded or increased, the present embodiment is not limited to the specific size of each RU (i.e., the number of corresponding tones). In this specification, N-RU may be represented as N-tone RU, etc. For example, 26-RU may be represented as 26-tone RU.

[0141] Figure 7 is a diagram showing the layout of resource units (RUs) used for 40MHz PPDU.

[0142] As in the example of Fig. 6 where RUs of various sizes were used, the example of Fig. 7 can also use 26-RU, 52-RU, 106-RU, 242-RU, 484-RU, etc. In addition, 5 DC tones can be inserted at the center frequency, 12 tones can be used as a guard band in the leftmost band of the 40 MHz band, and 11 tones can be used as a guard band in the rightmost band of the 40 MHz band.

[0143] Additionally, as illustrated, 484 RUs may be used when used for a single user. Meanwhile, the specific number of RUs may be changed, as in the example of FIG. 6.

[0144] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating the layout of resource units (RUs) used for an 80MHz PPDU. The layout of resource units (RUs) used in this specification may vary. For example, the layout of resource units (RUs) used in the 80MHz band may vary.

[0145] Figure 9 illustrates an operation according to UL-MU. As illustrated, a transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can perform channel access through contending (i.e., backoff operation) and transmit a trigger frame (930). That is, the transmitting STA (e.g., AP) can transmit a PPDU including a trigger frame (930). When a PPDU including a trigger frame is received, a TB (trigger-based) PPDU is transmitted after a delay of SIFS.

[0146] TB PPDUs (941, 942) are transmitted at the same time and can be transmitted from multiple STAs (e.g., User STAs) whose AIDs are indicated in the Trigger frame (930). The ACK frame (950) for the TB PPDU can be implemented in various forms.

[0147] Figure 10 shows an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 2.4 GHz band.

[0148] The 2.4 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as the first band (band). Furthermore, the 2.4 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with a center frequency adjacent to 2.4 GHz (e.g., channels with a center frequency between 2.4 and 2.5 GHz) are used / supported / defined.

[0149] The 2.4 GHz band may include multiple 20 MHz channels. The 20 MHz within the 2.4 GHz band may have multiple channel indices (e.g., indices 1 through 14). For example, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 1 may be 2.412 GHz, the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index 2 may be 2.417 GHz, and the center frequency of a 20 MHz channel assigned channel index N may be (2.407 + 0.005*N) GHz. The channel indices may be referred to by various names, such as channel numbers. The specific numerical values ​​of the channel indices and center frequencies may change.

[0150] Figure 10 exemplarily illustrates four channels within the 2.4 GHz band. The illustrated first frequency region (1010) to fourth frequency region (1040) may each include one channel. For example, the first frequency region (1010) may include channel 1 (a 20 MHz channel having an index of 1). In this case, the center frequency of channel 1 may be set to 2412 MHz. The second frequency region (1020) may include channel 6. In this case, the center frequency of channel 6 may be set to 2437 MHz. The third frequency region (1030) may include channel 11. In this case, the center frequency of channel 11 may be set to 2462 MHz. The fourth frequency region (1040) may include channel 14. In this case, the center frequency of channel 14 may be set to 2484 MHz.

[0151] Figure 11 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 5 GHz band.

[0152] The 5 GHz band may be referred to by other names, such as a second band / band, etc. The 5 GHz band may refer to a frequency range in which channels with center frequencies greater than or equal to 5 GHz and less than 6 GHz (or less than 5.9 GHz) are used / supported / defined. Alternatively, the 5 GHz band may include multiple channels between 4.5 GHz and 5.5 GHz. The specific figures shown in FIG. 11 are subject to change.

[0153] Multiple channels within the 5 GHz band include Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII)-1, UNII-2, UNII-3, and ISM. UNII-1 may be referred to as UNII Low. UNII-2 may include frequency ranges called UNII Mid and UNII-2Extended. UNII-3 may be referred to as UNII-Upper.

[0154] Within the 5 GHz band, multiple channels can be configured, and the bandwidth of each channel can be variously configured, such as 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz. For example, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range within UNII-1 and UNII-2 can be divided into eight 20 MHz channels. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into four channels through a 40 MHz frequency domain. The 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into two channels through an 80 MHz frequency domain. Alternatively, the 5170 MHz to 5330 MHz frequency domain / range can be divided into one channel through a 160 MHz frequency domain.

[0155] Figure 12 illustrates an example of channels used / supported / defined within the 6 GHz band.

[0156] The 6 GHz band may also be referred to by other names, such as the third band / band. The 6 GHz band may refer to the frequency range in which channels with center frequencies above 5.9 GHz are used, supported, or defined. The specific figures shown in Figure 12 are subject to change.

[0157] For example, the 20 MHz channel of FIG. 12 can be defined from 5.940 GHz. Specifically, the leftmost channel among the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 can have an index of 1 (or channel index, channel number, etc.), and a center frequency of 5.945 GHz can be assigned. That is, the center frequency of the indexed channel N can be determined as (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz.

[0158] Accordingly, the indexes (or channel numbers) of the 20 MHz channels of FIG. 12 are 1, 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 41, 45, 49, 53, 57, 61, 65, 69, 73, 77, 81, 85, 89, 93, 97, 101, 105, 109, 113, 117, 121, 125, 129, 133, 137, 141, 145, 149, 153, 157, 161, 165, 169, 173, 177, 181, 185, 189, 193, It can be 197, 201, 205, 209, 213, 217, 221, 225, 229, 233. Also, according to the (5.940 + 0.005*N) GHz rule mentioned above, the indices of the 40 MHz channels in Fig. 12 can be 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 75, 83, 91, 99, 107, 115, 123, 131, 139, 147, 155, 163, 171, 179, 187, 195, 203, 211, 219, 227.

[0159] Below, the structure and types / subtypes of MAC frames are described.

[0160] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a header of a MAC frame. As illustrated, the MAC frame may include a frame control field / information of 2 octets in length, a duration field / information of 2 octets in length, a RA (Receiver Address) field / information of 6 octets in length, and a TA (Transmitter Address) field / information of 6 octets in length. As illustrated in Fig. 13, the four fields may be consecutive to each other. The MAC header of Fig. 13 may be modified in various ways, and a new field may be inserted between the four illustrated fields, or at least one of the illustrated fields may be omitted.

[0161] The MAC header illustrated in Fig. 13 may be positioned at the very front of a MAC frame. That is, the MAC frame may include a MAC header as illustrated in Fig. 13 and MAC body fields / information subsequent to the MAC header. The MAC frame including the MAC header of Fig. 13 is inserted / included in the data field of the PPDU (e.g., UHR PPDU) illustrated in Fig. 5.

[0162] The MAC frames included in the data field of the PPDU of this specification can be classified into various types. For example, the MAC frames of this specification can be classified into control frames, management frames, and data frames.

[0163] For example, the management frame includes Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, Disassociation, Authentication, and Deauthentication frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the values ​​of the type fields (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 are set to 00. In addition, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) in FIG. 13 are as follows: Association Request (0000), Association Response (0001), Reassociation Request (0010), Reassociation Response (0011), Probe Request (0100), Probe Response (0101), Beacon (1000), Disassociation (1010), Authentication (1011), Deauthentication (1100).

[0164] For example, the control frame includes Trigger Beamforming Report Poll, NDP Announcement (NDPA), Control Frame Extension, Control Wrapper, Block Ack Request (BlockAckReq), Block Ack (BlockAck), PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, and CF-End frames / signals defined in conventional WLAN. For the control frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) in FIG. 13 is set to 01. Also, the values ​​of the subtype fields (B7, B6, B5, B4) of FIG. 13 are as follows: Trigger (0010), Beamforming Report Poll (0100), NDP Announcement (0101), Control Frame Extension (0110), Control Wrapper (0111), BlockAckReq (1000), BlockAck (1001), PS-Poll (1010), RTS (1011), CTS (1100), Ack (1101), CF-End (1110).

[0165] For example, the data frame includes (QoS) Data, (QoS) Null, etc. defined in conventional WLAN. For the management frame, the value of the type field (B3 and B2) of Fig. 13 is set to 10.

[0166] The MAC frame / signal used in this specification can be identified through the type field / information and subtype field / information described above. For example, “frame” in this specification can mean a MAC frame in which the type bits B3 and B2 bits in the frame control field of the MAC header are set to 01, and the subtype bits B7, B6, B5, and B4 bits in the frame control field are set to 0010. Various MAC frames described in this specification are inserted / included in the data fields of various PPDUs (e.g., HE / VHT / HE / EHT / UHR PPDUs).

[0167] FIG. 14 illustrates a modified example of a transmitting device and / or a receiving device of the present specification.

[0168] The devices (e.g., AP STA, non-AP STA) illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 4 may be modified as illustrated in FIG. 14. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the transceivers (113, 123) of FIG. 1. The transceiver (630) of FIG. 14 may include a receiver and a transmitter.

[0169] The processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processor (111, 121) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the processor (610) of FIG. 14 may be identical to the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1.

[0170] The memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be the same as the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1. Alternatively, the memory (150) of FIG. 14 may be a separate external memory different from the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 14, a power management module (611) manages power to a processor (610) and / or a transceiver (630). A battery (612) supplies power to the power management module (611). A display (613) outputs results processed by the processor (610). A keypad (614) receives input to be used by the processor (610). The keypad (614) may be displayed on the display (613). A SIM card (615) may be an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and an associated key used to identify and authenticate a subscriber in a mobile phone device, such as a mobile phone or computer.

[0172] Referring to FIG. 14, the speaker (640) can output sound-related results processed by the processor (610). The microphone (641) can receive sound-related input to be used by the processor (610).

[0173] 1. Definition of ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU format

[0174] Next Wi-Fi (beyond 802.11be or 802.11bn) aims to support ultra-high reliability when transmitting signals to STAs, and various technologies are being considered for this purpose, such as high throughput, low latency, and extended range support. Therefore, the UHR long range PPDU (or UHR ELR (extended long range) PPDU) format is defined to reliably transmit signals over long distances in 802.11bn and provide smooth signal transmission and services to STAs located at the boundary of AP coverage.

[0175] Figure 15 illustrates an example of a UHR ELR PPDU format.

[0176] Referring to FIG. 15, unlike the existing UHR MU PPDU, the UHR ELR PPDU has an additional ELR-MARK field and includes an ELR-SIG field instead of the UHR-SIG field.

[0177] UHR ELR PPDU can be used to overcome link budget imbalance between downlink and uplink or to achieve higher data rates than direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) PPDU.

[0178] The UHR ELR PPDU is applicable to the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz bands in the uplink, and only to the 2.4 GHz band in the downlink. The UHR PPDU is defined only for UHR-MCS 0 and 1 with 20 MHz PPDU bandwidth, a single spatial stream, and four frequency domain overlaps via 52-tone regular RUs (RRU52s or 52-tone RRUs) on the primary 20 MHz channel. The UHR ELR PPDU supports binary convolutional code (BCC) and low-density parity check (LDPC) coding with a codeword block length of up to 1944 bits. The UHR ELR PPDU has the PPDU Type And Compression Mode subfield of the U-SIG field set to 3 and includes the ELR-MARK field immediately following the U-SIG field. Additionally, the UHR ELR PPDU further includes an ELR-SIG field between the UHR-LTF and Data fields.

[0179] Specifically, to identify a UHR ELR PPDU, bits B0-B1 (PPDU Type And Compression Mode subfield) of the U-SIG-2 field are set to 3, and auxiliary bits B13-B15 (ELR Validate subfield) of the U-SIG-2 field are set to 7.

[0180] The ELR-MARK field provides additional signaling to distinguish UHR ELR PPDUs from other PPDUs. It utilizes predefined tone patterns for cross-correlation, improves performance in low-SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) environments, and supports coherent combining across multiple receive antennas to enhance detection performance.

[0181] Additionally, the ELR-MARK field contains BSS_COLOR, a unique identifier that indicates the BSS color of the STA. The BSS_COLOR value ranges from 0 to 63. A 64 x 96 matrix H, called the ELR-MARK matrix, specifies 64 orthogonal sequences. Each row corresponds to a BSS color, and each column corresponds to data carried on each subcarrier of two ELR-MARK symbols. These orthogonal sequences allow the STA to determine whether a UHR ELR PPDU is transmitted on the OBSS.

[0182] The ELR-SIG field contains information necessary to interpret the UHR ELR PPDU. The integer field of the ELR-SIG field is transmitted in unsigned binary format with the Least Significant Bit (LSB) first, and the LSB is located in the lowest numbered bit position.

[0183] Figure 16 illustrates an example where RRU52 is repeated four times in a UHR ELR PPDU.

[0184] Referring to Figure 16, the ELR-SIG and the payload portion of the UH ELR PPDU are transmitted over a 52-tone generic RU (RRU52) and are replicated four times in the frequency domain across four RRU52s (RRU52 4x DUP) at 20 MHz. The replication in the frequency domain is described as follows.

[0185] - After encoding and BPSK or QPSK modulation are performed on 52-tone RRU 1 in 20MHz PPDU, 52-tone RRU 1 is replicated to 52-tone RRU 2, 52-tone RRU 3, and 52-tone RRU 4 in 20MHz PPDU.

[0186] - To reduce PAPR, a phase rotation of -1 is applied to the data subcarriers of the lower half of the 52-tone RRU 3 and the upper half of the 52-tone RRU 4 in a 20MHz PPDU. At this time, a phase rotation of -1 is not applied to the pilot subcarriers.

[0187] - For four 52-tone RRUs, frequency domain replication occurs after the LDPC tone mapping operation when using LDPC encoding, and after the constellation mapping operation when using BCC encoding.

[0188] 2. STF sequence configuration defined for identification or early detection / indication of LR (Long Range) / ELR PPDU.

[0189] Long-range transmission can be considered to ensure smooth signal transmission and reception for STAs within the AP's coverage boundary in Next Wi-Fi and to address coverage imbalance caused by differences in the TX power of the AP and non-AP STAs. In this case, the PPDU format used for long-range transmission can be newly defined, and this specification defines a method for detecting the newly defined LR / ELR PPDU.

[0190] A PPDU defined for LR / ELR transmission can be configured to include legacy parts (L-STF, L-LTF, L-SIG), U-SIG, and UHR-SIG. In this specification, a PPDU format including UHR-SIG is considered as an example, but UHR-SIG may be omitted when configuring an LR / ELR PPDU format.

[0191] As described above, the SIG field (L-SIG, U-SIG, UHR-SIG) included in the PPDU during LR / ELR transmission may be repeatedly included in the PPDU to improve reception SNR performance or overcome the link margin difference between DL / UL. Since the SIG-field included in the PPDU during LR / ELR transmission is repeatedly configured, instructions for this cannot be given through the SIG field, so instructions for the PPDU format must be given using fields prior to the SIG field.

[0192] Accordingly, in this specification, the following method is used to perform early detection or identification of LR / ELR PPDU during LR / ELR transmission and reception.

[0193] To support backward capability for legacy STAs within a BSS and to protect PPDUs within the BSS, Wi-Fi (or WLAN) PPDUs are configured to include a legacy preamble. The legacy preamble consists of L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG.

[0194] This specification proposes a method of using the L-STF sequence included in the legacy preamble for indication or early detection of LR / ELR PPDU.

[0195] In general, the sequence of L-STF that constitutes the legacy preamble is composed as follows.

[0196] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0197] S -26, 26 = sqrt(13 / 6) 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0}

[0198] Here, multiplying by sqrt(13 / 6) is to normalize the average power of the resulting OFDM symbol utilizing 12 of the 52 subcarriers.

[0199] Figure 17 illustrates an example of an OFDM training structure.

[0200] The PHY preamble is used for synchronization and consists of 10 short symbols and 2 long symbols. Timing is based on a 20MHz channel spacing, and the timing doubles for a half-clock (i.e., 10MHz) channel spacing and quadruples for a quarter-clock (i.e., 5MHz) channel spacing.

[0201] Figure 17 illustrates the OFDM training structure (PHY preamble). Here, t1 to t10 represent short training symbols, while T1 and T2 represent long training symbols. The PHY preamble is followed by the SIGNAL field and DATA. The total training length is 16 μs. The dotted line boundaries in Figure 17 represent repetitions due to the periodicity of the inverse Fourier transform.

[0202] A short OFDM training symbol consists of 12 subcarriers, which are encoded by a sequence S as in Equation 1 above. -26, 26 is modulated by the elements of the sequence S. That is, the sequence S -26, 26 is a signal created by assigning values ​​to only 12 subcarriers.

[0203] Sequence S of the above mathematical expression 1 -26, 26 A short training sequence of 0.8us in terms of time is configured as follows, for example: Sequence S of the above mathematical expression 1 -26, 26 The time domain sequence repeated four times within a symbol formed by performing IFFT can be called the 0.8us short training sequence. 16 samples of the 0.8us short training sequence can be repeated four times (a total of 64 samples) to form one period.

[0204] ##ReIm##ReIm##ReIm##ReIm00.0460.0461-0.1320.0022-0.013-0.07930.143-0.01340.0920.00050.143-0.0136-0.013-0.0797-0 .1320.00280.0460.04690.002-0.13210-0.079-0.01311-0.0130.143120.0000.09213-0.0130.14314-0.079-0.013150.002-0.132

[0205] The short STF sequence configured as shown in Table 1 above is repeated 10 times to form an 8us STF and is included in the PPDU. Here, the short STF sequence is a time domain sequence with a length of 0.8us and may also be referred to as a 0.8us short symbol or short symbol. However, for convenience in this specification, the signal is referred to as a short STF sequence or S_STF, and is used with the same meaning throughout this specification.

[0206] For identification or early detection / indication of UHR ELR PPDU used in LR / ELR transmission, the STF described above can be configured as follows when transmitting LR / ELR.

[0207] 2-1) Create an STF field by multiplying the existing S_STF by -1 and repeating 'S_STF' 10 times.

[0208] The short STF sequence (S_STF) that constitutes STF during LR / ELR transmission is constructed using the existing STF sequence (Mathematical Formula 1 above) as described above.

[0209] The S_STF generated as above generates a new short STF sequence (S_STF') by multiplying the sequence by (-1) during LR / ELR transmission.

[0210] The STF field is formed by repeating the S_STF' obtained through the above process 10 times, and the formed STF field is included in the UHR ELR PPDU.

[0211] The L-STF included in the LR / ELR PPDU is structured as follows:

[0212] [S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF']

[0213] -> Since the L-STF is constructed by repeating the sequence generated by multiplying the existing S_STF by -1 10 times, it does not affect the STO (symbol timing offset) and CFO (carrier frequency offset) measurements performed using the existing STF field.

[0214] That is, an STA that receives a PPDU including an STF configured as above performs STO, AGC (automatic gain control), and CFO using the STF field received in the same manner as before, and since there is no impact on existing operations, there is no impact on existing STAs.

[0215] 2-2) Configure the STF field by multiplying -1 for some S_STFs in the L-STF field.

[0216] A short STF sequence multiplied by -1 for detection or identification of PPDU during LR / ELR transmission can be defined as follows.

[0217] For example, among the 10 Short STF sequences (S_STF) that make up the STF transmitted during LR / ELR transmission, the first 7 short STF sequences are multiplied by -1. The remaining 3 short STF sequences are composed of the same short STF sequences (STF) as before. In other words, the STF field can be composed as follows.

[0218] [S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF S_STF S_STF]

[0219] The above configuration method is an example, and the number of short STF sequences multiplied by -1 among 10 short STF sequences (S_STF) can be defined as a number greater than or equal to 2.

[0220] 3. Method for detecting or identifying LR / ELR PPDUs using the newly defined STF sequence

[0221] 3-1) For the STF field of 2-1)

[0222] When transmitting and receiving a PPDU including an STF configured using an STF short sequence defined for LR / ELR transmission as in 2-1), a UHR or next wi-fi STA supporting LR / ELR transmission can determine whether the received PPDU is LR / ELR using the following method using the received STF.

[0223] i. UHR or next Wi-Fi STA already knows the short STF sequence in terms of time. Therefore, it can perform cross-correlation between the short STF sequence it already knows or is used in the legacy preamble and the received short STF sequence to determine whether the received PPDU is LR / ELR.

[0224] i-1. For example, detection for LR / ELR PPDU is performed as follows.

[0225] i-1-a. As in the above proposal, the short STF sequence transmitted during LR / ELR transmission is formed by multiplying the existing short STF sequence by -1. Therefore, for LR / ELR detection, the STA that receives the signal performs two cross correlations using the received short STF sequence and the legacy short STF sequence as follows.

[0226] i-1-a-1. first cross correlation

[0227] -> After multiplying the received short STF sequence by -1, cross-correlation is performed with the already known legacy short STF sequence. The value obtained through the above process is defined as V1.

[0228] i-1-a-2. Second cross correlation

[0229] -> Cross-correlation is performed between the received short STF sequence and the already known legacy short STF sequence. The value obtained through the above process is defined as V2.

[0230] i-1-a-3. The above correlation execution order is an example and there are no restrictions.

[0231] i-1-b. Compare the sizes of the values ​​(i.e. V1 and V2) obtained through two cross correlations to determine whether the received PPDU is LR / ELR.

[0232] i-1-b-1. For example, if V1 > V2, the STA can detect or identify that the received PPDU is an LR / ELR PPDU.

[0233] ii. As another example, to reduce the complexity of the correlation process, only one correlation can be performed for LR / ELR detection, and the correlation performed can only be the first cross correlation as described above. Based on whether the V1 obtained through this achieves a specific threshold, it can be determined whether the received PPDU is LR / ELR.

[0234] ii-1. The above threshold value can be set based on the auto correlation value of the legacy short STF sequence, and can be determined as LR / ELR if it is normalized to the auto correlation value and is 0.5 or higher. For example, the threshold can be defined as a value between 0.8 and 1 to reduce false alarms, or the corresponding range can be set.

[0235] 3-2) For the STF field of 2-2)

[0236] 2-2) When a signal is transmitted by configuring an STF field by multiplying some of the short sequences among 10 short STF sequences by -1, the following method can be used to determine whether the received PPDU is an LR or ELR PPDU.

[0237] In this embodiment, a method for detecting cases in which -1 is applied to 7 and 3 of 10 short STF sequences is defined as an example.

[0238] i. The method used for LR / ELR PPDU detection can be applied equally to short STF sequences with a different number of -1. In this case, the sequence number used is defined differently.

[0239] 3-2-1) For example, when transmitting LR / ELR, -1 is applied to the three sequences located at the back among the 10 short STF sequences (i.e., [S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF' S_STF' S_STF']).

[0240] For packet detection, auto correlation is performed using the received short STF sequence, and the auto correlation performed is defined as follows.

[0241] i. The STA that receives the signal performs auto-correlation using the 6th, 7th, and 8th short STF sequences of the received STF field.

[0242] i-1. Calculate the V1 value by performing auto correlation using the 6th and 7th short STF sequences of the received STF field.

[0243] i-2. Calculate the V2 value by performing auto correlation using the 7th and 8th short STF sequences of the received STF field.

[0244] i-3. By comparing the measured values ​​V1 and V2 through auto correlation, it is possible to determine whether the received PPDU is LR / ELR as follows.

[0245] i-3-a. If V2 < V1, the PPDU is recognized as an LR / ELR PPDU.

[0246] 3-2-2) As another example from the above, in the case where the STF field is configured by multiplying the preceding 7 Short STF sequences by -1 (i.e., [S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF S_STF]), auto correlation is performed using the same method as above, and detection for PPDU is also performed in the same manner as above.

[0247] i. Compare the values ​​V1 and V2 obtained through correlation, and if V1 > V2, the received PPDU is determined to be an LR / ELR PPDU.

[0248] 3-2-3) Unlike the above, cross correlation can be used to determine PPDU. In this case, cross correlation is performed using the short STF sequence of the received PPDU and the short STF sequence of the legacy STF field, which is a known or fixed sequence.

[0249] i. Cross correlation used for PPDU detection is performed as follows.

[0250] i-1. Cross-correlation is performed between the 7th short STF sequence of the STF field of the received PPDU and the known legacy short STF sequence to measure the correlation value V1.

[0251] i-2. Cross-correlation is performed between the 8th short STF sequence in the STF field of the received PPDU and the known legacy short STF sequence to measure the correlation value V2.

[0252] i-3. Compare the values ​​V1 and V2 obtained through correlation to determine whether the PPDU is LR / ELR.

[0253] i-3-a. For example, if the preceding 7 sequences are multiplied by -1 as above (i.e., [S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF' S_STF S_STF]), if V1 < V2, the STA determines the received PPDU as an LR / ELR PPDU.

[0254] i-3-b. The above is an example, and if the three sequences that follow are multiplied by -1 (i.e., [S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF S_STF' S_STF' S_STF']), the STA determines the received PPDU as an LR / ELR PPDU if V1 > V2.

[0255] Depending on the composition of the Short STF sequence to which i-4. -1 is applied, the order of the sequence described in the above proposal may change, and in this case, whether or not to judge the correlation value may be determined using one of the examples described above.

[0256] Fig. 18 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a transmitting device according to the present embodiment.

[0257] An example of FIG. 18 may be performed at a transmitting STA or transmitting device (AP and / or non-AP STA).

[0258] Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described below) in the example of Fig. 18 may be omitted or changed.

[0259] Through step S1810, the transmitting device (transmitting STA) can obtain information regarding the aforementioned Tone Plan. As described above, the information regarding the Tone Plan includes the size and location of the RU, control information related to the RU, information regarding the frequency band in which the RU is included, information regarding the STA receiving the RU, etc.

[0260] Through step S1820, the transmitting device can configure / generate a PPDU based on the acquired control information. The step of configuring / generating the PPDU may include a step of configuring / generating each field of the PPDU. That is, step S1820 may include a step of configuring a UHR-SIG field including control information regarding a Tone Plan. That is, step S1820 may include a step of configuring a field including control information indicating the size / position of the RU (e.g., an N bitmap) and / or a step of configuring a field including an identifier (e.g., an AID) of an STA receiving the RU.

[0261] Additionally, step S1820 may include a step of generating an STF / LTF sequence to be transmitted through a specific RU. The STF / LTF sequence may be generated based on a preset STF generation sequence / LTF generation sequence.

[0262] Additionally, step S1820 may include a step of generating a data field (i.e., an MPDU) to be transmitted through a specific RU. The step of generating the data field may include a step of configuring it by applying UEQM / EQM.

[0263] The transmitting device can transmit the PPDU configured through step S1820 to the receiving device based on step S1830.

[0264] While performing step S1830, the transmitting device may perform at least one of operations such as CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operation, and GI insertion.

[0265] A signal / field / sequence configured according to this specification can be transmitted in the form of FIG. 5.

[0266] Fig. 19 is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a receiving device according to the present embodiment.

[0267] The above-described PPDU can be received according to an example of FIG. 19.

[0268] An example of FIG. 19 may be performed at a receiving STA or receiving device (AP and / or non-AP STA).

[0269] Some of the steps (or detailed sub-steps described below) in the example of Fig. 19 may be omitted.

[0270] A receiving device (receiving STA) may receive all or part of a PPDU through step S1910. The received signal may have the form of FIG. 5.

[0271] The sub-step of step S1910 can be determined based on step S2030 of Fig. 20. That is, step S1910 can perform an operation to restore the results of the CSD, Spatial Mapping, IDFT / IFFT operations, and GI insert operations applied in step S1830.

[0272] At step S1920, the receiving device can decode all or part of the PPDU. Additionally, the receiving device can obtain control information related to the Tone Plan (i.e., RU) from the decoded PPDU.

[0273] More specifically, the receiving device can decode the L-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR-SIG of the PPDU based on the Legacy STF / LTF, and obtain information included in the L-SIG, U-SIG, and UHR SIG fields. Information regarding various Tone Plans (i.e., RUs) described herein can be included in the UHR-SIG, and the receiving STA can obtain information regarding the Tone Plan (i.e., RUs) through the UHR-SIG. In addition, information regarding the application of UEQM / EQM can be obtained through the UHR-SIG.

[0274] At step S1930, the receiving device can decode the remaining portion of the PPDU based on the information about the Tone Plan (i.e., RU) and UEQM / EQM acquired through step S2120. For example, the receiving STA can decode the STF / LTF field of the PPDU based on the information about one Plan (i.e., RU). In addition, the receiving STA can decode the data field of the PPDU based on the information about the Tone Plan (i.e., RU) and the UEQM / EQM information, and acquire the MPDU included in the data field.

[0275] Additionally, the receiving device may perform a processing operation to transmit the decoded data to a higher layer (e.g., MAC layer) through step S1930. Additionally, if the generation of a signal is instructed from the higher layer to the PHY layer in response to the data transmitted to the higher layer, a subsequent operation may be performed.

[0276] Hereinafter, the above-described embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 19.

[0277] FIG. 20 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for a transmitting STA according to the present embodiment to transmit a PPDU including an L-STF for ELR PPDU identification.

[0278] An example of FIG. 20 can be performed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (UHR (Ultra High Reliability) wireless LAN system or next wi-fi). The next-generation wireless LAN system is a wireless LAN system that improves on the 802.11be system and can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11be system.

[0279] An example of FIG. 20 is performed at a transmitting STA, which may correspond to an access point (AP) or an AP Multi-link Device (MLD). The receiving STA of FIG. 20 may correspond to at least one STA (station) or non-AP MLD.

[0280] This embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying a defined ELR PPDU by using an L-STF included in a legacy preamble to solve a problem of a difference in transmission range of downlink and uplink due to power imbalance between an AP and a non-AP STA. Specifically, this embodiment proposes a method for determining whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU by comparing measured values ​​by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on a short symbol (or short STF sequence (S_STF)) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0281] At step S2010, the transmitting STA (station) generates a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU).

[0282] In step S2020, the transmitting STA transmits the PPDU to the receiving STA.

[0283] The above PPDU includes a Legacy-Short Training Field (L-STF).

[0284] The above L-STF is constructed based on repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and repetition of a second signal in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1.

[0285] It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signal. That is, the receiving STA can determine (detect or identify) that the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing auto-correlation (or cross-correlation in the embodiment described below) on a short training signal (or the short symbol) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0286] The signal defined in the time domain of the above L-STF can be defined as follows.

[0287] For example, the first signal may be repeated seven times, the second signal may be repeated three times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0288] At this time, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal.

[0289] If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0290] According to the above-described assumption, since the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal are signals having the same phase, the first value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be a peak value. Since the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal are signals having a phase difference of 180 degrees, the second value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be 0.

[0291] As another example, the L-STF may be constructed based on repetition of a first signal whose short symbol is multiplied by -1 and repetition of a second signal identical to the short symbol. The first signal may be repeated 7 times, the second signal may be repeated 3 times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0292] At this time, similarly, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU can be determined as the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU can not be determined as the ELR PPDU.

[0293] As another example, the receiving STA can perform cross correlation between a signal defined in the time domain of the L-STF and a time domain signal of an existing defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0294] For example, the L-STF may be configured by repeating the first signal, in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1, 10 times. At this time, the receiving STA may perform two cross-correlations between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0295] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a first cross-correlation with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may obtain a second value by performing a second cross-correlation with the first signal and a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0296] As another example, the receiving STA can determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing only one cross-correlation between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF.

[0297] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a cross-correlation once with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may compare the first value with a threshold value, and if the first value is greater than the threshold value or the first value is within a range of the threshold value, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the ELR PPDU. The threshold value may be set based on an autocorrelation value of a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF.

[0298] That is, the present embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying an ELR PPDU by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on short symbols defined in the time domain of an L-STF included in a legacy preamble, thereby comparing measured values ​​to determine whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU. Since this is a method that utilizes the sequence of an existing L-STF, there is no need to define a separate sequence for detecting or identifying the ELR PPDU, so the complexity does not increase, and there is an advantage of enabling earlier detection than a method that distinguishes an ELR PPDU in an ELR-MARK field.

[0299] The above short symbols can be defined based on complex numbers for the first to sixteenth samples. Specifically, the short symbol is 0.046+0.046i for the first sample, -0.132+0.002i for the second sample, -0.013-0.079i for the third sample, 0.143-0.013i for the fourth sample, 0.092+0.000i for the fifth sample, 0.143-0.013i for the sixth sample, -0.013-0.079i for the seventh sample, -0.132+0.002i for the eighth sample, 0.046+0.046i for the ninth sample, 0.002-0.132i for the tenth sample, -0.079-0.013i for the eleventh sample, and -0.079-0.013i for the twelfth sample. -0.013+0.143i, 0.000+0.092i for the 13th sample, -0.013+0.143i for the 14th sample, -0.079-0.013i for the 15th sample, and 0.002-0.132i for the 16th sample. The short symbols can also be defined as Table 2 below.

[0300] Sample NumberRealImaginarySample NumberRealImaginarySample NumberRealImaginarySample NumberRealImaginary00.0460.0461-0.1320.0022-0.013-0.07930.143-0.01340.0920.00050.143-0.0136-0.013-0.0797-0.1 320.00280.0460.04690.002-0.13210-0.079-0.01311-0.0130.143120.0000.09213-0.0130.14314-0.079-0.013150.002-0.132

[0301] The length of the above short symbol can be 0.8us.

[0302] The above short symbol can be obtained by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency sequence of the L-STF. The frequency sequence of the L-STF can be set as follows.

[0303] S -26, 26 = sqrt(13 / 6) 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0}

[0304] Based on the determination that the above PPDU is the ELR PPDU, the ELR PPDU may further include an L-LTF (Legacy-Long Training Field), an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG) field, a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field, an ELR-MARK field, an UHR-STF (Ultra High Reliability-STF), a UHR-LTF, an ELR-SIG field, and a data field.

[0305] The above ELR PPDU may be defined only for a single spatial stream and UHR-MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) 0 and 1, with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The ELR-SIG field and the data field may be transmitted through a resource unit in which a 52-tone RRU (Regular Resource Unit) is replicated four times in the frequency domain at the 20 MHz.

[0306] FIG. 21 is a flowchart illustrating a procedure for a receiving STA according to the present embodiment to identify an ELR PPDU based on an L-STF included in the PPDU.

[0307] An example of FIG. 21 can be performed in a network environment that supports a next-generation wireless LAN system (UHR (Ultra High Reliability) wireless LAN system or next wi-fi). The next-generation wireless LAN system is a wireless LAN system that improves on the 802.11be system and can satisfy backward compatibility with the 802.11be system.

[0308] An example of FIG. 21 is performed at a receiving STA, which may correspond to at least one STA (station) or non-AP MLD (non-access point Multi-link Device). The transmitting STA of FIG. 21 may correspond to an AP (access point) or AP MLD.

[0309] This embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying a defined ELR PPDU by using an L-STF included in a legacy preamble to solve a problem of a difference in transmission range of downlink and uplink due to power imbalance between an AP and a non-AP STA. Specifically, this embodiment proposes a method for determining whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU by comparing measured values ​​by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on a short symbol (or short STF sequence (S_STF)) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0310] In step S2110, the receiving STA (station) receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from the transmitting STA.

[0311] At step S2120, the receiving STA decodes the PPDU.

[0312] The above PPDU includes a Legacy-Short Training Field (L-STF).

[0313] The above L-STF is constructed based on repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and repetition of a second signal in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1.

[0314] It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signal. That is, the receiving STA can determine (detect or identify) that the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing auto-correlation (or cross-correlation in the embodiment described below) on a short training signal (or the short symbol) defined in the time domain of the L-STF.

[0315] The signal defined in the time domain of the above L-STF can be defined as follows.

[0316] For example, the first signal may be repeated seven times, the second signal may be repeated three times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0317] At this time, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal.

[0318] If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0319] According to the above-described assumption, since the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal are signals having the same phase, the first value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be a peak value. Since the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal are signals having a phase difference of 180 degrees, the second value, which is the autocorrelation value between the corresponding signals, may be 0.

[0320] As another example, the L-STF may be constructed based on repetition of a first signal whose short symbol is multiplied by -1 and repetition of a second signal identical to the short symbol. The first signal may be repeated 7 times, the second signal may be repeated 3 times, and the repeated first signal may be positioned before the repeated second signal.

[0321] At this time, similarly, the first value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal. The second value can be obtained by performing an autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU can be determined as the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU can not be determined as the ELR PPDU.

[0322] As another example, the receiving STA can perform cross correlation between a signal defined in the time domain of the L-STF and a time domain signal of an existing defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0323] For example, the L-STF may be configured by repeating the first signal, in which the short symbol is multiplied by -1, 10 times. At this time, the receiving STA may perform two cross-correlations between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF to determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU.

[0324] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a first cross-correlation with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may obtain a second value by performing a second cross-correlation with the first signal and a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU may be determined to be the ELR PPDU. If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU may not be determined to be the ELR PPDU. (That is, the receiving STA may determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by comparing the first and second values.)

[0325] As another example, the receiving STA can determine whether the received PPDU is the ELR PPDU by performing only one cross-correlation between the repeated first signal and the time domain signal of the previously defined L-STF.

[0326] For example, the receiving STA may obtain a first value by multiplying the first signal by -1 and then performing a cross-correlation once with a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF. The receiving STA may compare the first value with a threshold value, and if the first value is greater than the threshold value or the first value is within a range of the threshold value, the receiving STA may determine the received PPDU as the ELR PPDU. The threshold value may be set based on an autocorrelation value of a time-domain signal of a previously defined L-STF.

[0327] That is, the present embodiment proposes a method for quickly identifying an ELR PPDU by performing autocorrelation or cross-correlation on short symbols defined in the time domain of an L-STF included in a legacy preamble, thereby comparing measured values ​​to determine whether a received PPDU is an ELR PPDU. Since this is a method that utilizes the sequence of an existing L-STF, there is no need to define a separate sequence for detecting or identifying the ELR PPDU, so the complexity does not increase, and there is an advantage of enabling earlier detection than a method that distinguishes an ELR PPDU in an ELR-MARK field.

[0328] The above short symbols can be defined based on complex numbers for the first to sixteenth samples. Specifically, the short symbol is 0.046+0.046i for the first sample, -0.132+0.002i for the second sample, -0.013-0.079i for the third sample, 0.143-0.013i for the fourth sample, 0.092+0.000i for the fifth sample, 0.143-0.013i for the sixth sample, -0.013-0.079i for the seventh sample, -0.132+0.002i for the eighth sample, 0.046+0.046i for the ninth sample, 0.002-0.132i for the tenth sample, -0.079-0.013i for the eleventh sample, and -0.079-0.013i for the twelfth sample. -0.013+0.143i, 0.000+0.092i for the 13th sample, -0.013+0.143i for the 14th sample, -0.079-0.013i for the 15th sample, and 0.002-0.132i for the 16th sample. The short symbols may also be defined as in Table 2 above.

[0329] The length of the above short symbol can be 0.8us.

[0330] The above short symbol can be obtained by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency sequence of the L-STF. The frequency sequence of the L-STF can be set as follows.

[0331] S -26, 26 = sqrt(13 / 6) 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0}

[0332] Based on the determination that the above PPDU is the ELR PPDU, the ELR PPDU may further include an L-LTF (Legacy-Long Training Field), an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG) field, a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field, an ELR-MARK field, an UHR-STF (Ultra High Reliability-STF), a UHR-LTF, an ELR-SIG field, and a data field.

[0333] The above ELR PPDU may be defined only for a single spatial stream and UHR-MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) 0 and 1, with a bandwidth of 20 MHz. The ELR-SIG field and the data field may be transmitted through a resource unit in which a 52-tone RRU (Regular Resource Unit) is replicated four times in the frequency domain at the 20 MHz.

[0334] <Device Configuration>

[0335] The technical features of the present specification described above can be applied to various devices and methods. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above can be performed / supported by the devices of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above can be applied only to a part of FIG. 1 and / or FIG. 14. For example, the technical features of the present specification described above can be implemented based on the processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1, or based on the processor (111, 121) and the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1, or based on the processor (610) and the memory (620) of FIG. 14. For example, the device of the present specification receives a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA (station); and decodes the PPDU.

[0336] The technical features of this specification can be implemented based on a computer-readable medium (CRM). For example, the CRM proposed by this specification is at least one computer-readable recording medium containing instructions that are executed by at least one processor.

[0337] The CRM may store instructions for performing operations including receiving a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA (station); and decoding the PPDU. Instructions stored in the CRM of the present specification may be executed by at least one processor. At least one processor related to the CRM of the present specification may be the processor (111, 121) or processing chip (114, 124) of FIG. 1, or the processor (610) of FIG. 14. Meanwhile, the CRM of the present specification may be the memory (112, 122) of FIG. 1, the memory (620) of FIG. 14, or a separate external memory / storage medium / disk, etc.

[0338] The technical features of this specification described above are applicable to various applications and business models. For example, the technical features described above can be applied to wireless communication in devices that support artificial intelligence (AI).

[0339] Artificial intelligence (AI) is the study of artificial intelligence or the methodologies for creating it, while machine learning (ML) defines various problems in the field of AI and studies the methodologies for solving them. Machine learning is also defined as an algorithm that improves performance on a task through consistent experience.

[0340] An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning. It can refer to a model with problem-solving capabilities, consisting of artificial neurons (nodes) formed by the connection of synapses to form a network. An ANN can be defined by the connection patterns between neurons in different layers, the learning process that updates model parameters, and the activation function that generates output values.

[0341] An artificial neural network may include an input layer, an output layer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer contains one or more neurons, and the artificial neural network may include synapses connecting neurons. In an artificial neural network, each neuron can output a function value of an activation function based on input signals, weights, and biases received through the synapses.

[0342] Model parameters are parameters determined through learning, including synaptic connection weights and neuron biases. Hyperparameters are parameters that must be set before learning in machine learning algorithms, including the learning rate, number of iterations, mini-batch size, and initialization function.

[0343] The goal of artificial neural network training can be seen as determining model parameters that minimize a loss function. The loss function can be used as an indicator for determining optimal model parameters during the artificial neural network training process.

[0344] Machine learning can be classified into supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning depending on the learning method.

[0345] Supervised learning refers to a method for training an artificial neural network when given labels for the training data. The labels can refer to the correct answer (or output value) that the artificial neural network must infer when the training data is input to the artificial neural network. Unsupervised learning can refer to a method for training an artificial neural network when the training data is not given labels. Reinforcement learning can refer to a learning method in which an agent defined within a given environment is trained to select actions or action sequences that maximize the cumulative reward in each state.

[0346] Machine learning implemented with a deep neural network (DNN) containing multiple hidden layers among artificial neural networks is also called deep learning, and deep learning is a subset of machine learning. Hereinafter, the term "machine learning" is used to encompass deep learning.

[0347] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to wireless communication of robots.

[0348] A robot can be defined as a machine that automatically performs or operates a given task based on its own capabilities. Specifically, a robot capable of perceiving its environment, making independent judgments, and performing actions can be called an intelligent robot.

[0349] Robots can be categorized into industrial, medical, household, and military applications based on their intended use or field. Robots are equipped with actuators or motors, enabling them to perform various physical actions, such as moving robot joints. Furthermore, mobile robots incorporate wheels, brakes, and propellers into their actuators, enabling them to move on the ground or fly in the air.

[0350] Additionally, the above-described technical features can be applied to devices that support extended reality.

[0351] Extended reality is a general term for virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). VR technology presents real-world objects and backgrounds as CG images only, AR technology presents virtual CG images over images of real objects, and MR technology is a computer graphics technology that blends and combines virtual objects with the real world.

[0352] MR technology is similar to AR in that it presents both real and virtual objects simultaneously. However, while AR uses virtual objects to complement real objects, MR uses virtual and real objects on an equal footing.

[0353] XR technology can be applied to HMD (Head-Mount Display), HUD (Head-Up Display), mobile phones, tablet PCs, laptops, desktops, TVs, digital signage, etc., and devices to which XR technology is applied can be called XR devices.

[0354] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a wireless LAN system, A step in which a receiving STA (station) receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from a transmitting STA; and The receiving STA further includes a step of decoding the PPDU, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. method.

2. In paragraph 1, The first signal is repeated 7 times, the second signal is repeated 3 times, The above repeated first signal is positioned ahead of the above repeated second signal, The above first value is obtained by performing autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal, The above second value is obtained by performing autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal, If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU is determined to be the ELR PPDU, If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU is not determined as the ELR PPDU. method.

3. In paragraph 2, The above first value is the peak value, The second value above is 0 method.

4. In paragraph 1, The above short symbols are defined based on complex numbers for the first to sixteenth samples, The short symbols are 0.046+0.046i for the first sample, -0.132+0.002i for the second sample, -0.013-0.079i for the third sample, 0.143-0.013i for the fourth sample, 0.092+0.000i for the fifth sample, 0.143-0.013i for the sixth sample, -0.013-0.079i for the seventh sample, -0.132+0.002i for the eighth sample, 0.046+0.046i for the ninth sample, 0.002-0.132i for the tenth sample, -0.079-0.013i for the eleventh sample, and -0.013i for the twelfth sample. -0.013+0.143i, 0.000+0.092i for the 13th sample, -0.013+0.143i for the 14th sample, -0.079-0.013i for the 15th sample, and 0.002-0.132i for the 16th sample, The length of the above short symbol is 0.8us method.

5. In paragraph 4, The above short symbol is obtained by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency sequence of the L-STF, The frequency sequence of the above L-STF is set as follows: S -26, 26 = sqrt(13 / 6) x {0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0} method.

6. In paragraph 1, Based on the above PPDU being determined to be the ELR PPDU, The above ELR PPDU further includes an L-LTF (Legacy-Long Training Field), an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG) field, a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field, an ELR-MARK field, an UHR-STF (Ultra High Reliability-STF), an UHR-LTF, an ELR-SIG field, and a data field. The above ELR PPDU has a bandwidth of 20 MHz and is defined only for a single spatial stream and UHR-MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) 0 and 1. The above ELR-SIG field and the above data field are transmitted through a resource unit replicated four times in the frequency domain by a 52-tone RRU (Regular Resource Unit) at the above 20MHz. method.

7. In a wireless LAN system, a receiving STA (station) memory; transceiver; and A processor operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the processor comprising: Receive a Physical Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) from a transmitting STA; and Decrypt the above PPDU, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. Receiving STA.

8. In a wireless LAN system, A step in which a transmitting STA (station) generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit); and The transmitting STA comprises a step of transmitting the PPDU to the receiving STA, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. method.

9. In paragraph 8, The first signal is repeated 7 times, the second signal is repeated 3 times, The above repeated first signal is positioned ahead of the above repeated second signal, The above first value is obtained by performing autocorrelation between the 6th repeated first signal and the 7th repeated first signal, The above second value is obtained by performing autocorrelation between the 7th repeated first signal and the first second signal, If the first value is greater than the second value, the PPDU is determined to be the ELR PPDU, If the first value is less than the second value, the PPDU is not determined as the ELR PPDU. method.

10. In paragraph 9, The above first value is the peak value, The second value above is 0 method.

11. In paragraph 8, The above short symbols are defined based on complex numbers for the first to sixteenth samples, The short symbols are 0.046+0.046i for the first sample, -0.132+0.002i for the second sample, -0.013-0.079i for the third sample, 0.143-0.013i for the fourth sample, 0.092+0.000i for the fifth sample, 0.143-0.013i for the sixth sample, -0.013-0.079i for the seventh sample, -0.132+0.002i for the eighth sample, 0.046+0.046i for the ninth sample, 0.002-0.132i for the tenth sample, -0.079-0.013i for the eleventh sample, and -0.013i for the twelfth sample. -0.013+0.143i, 0.000+0.092i for the 13th sample, -0.013+0.143i for the 14th sample, -0.079-0.013i for the 15th sample, and 0.002-0.132i for the 16th sample, The length of the above short symbol is 0.8us method.

12. In paragraph 11, The above short symbol is obtained by performing an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) on the frequency sequence of the L-STF, The frequency sequence of the above L-STF is set as follows: S -26, 26 = sqrt(13 / 6) x {0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, -1-j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0, 0, 1+j, 0, 0} method.

13. In paragraph 8, Based on the above PPDU being determined to be the ELR PPDU, The above ELR PPDU further includes an L-LTF (Legacy-Long Training Field), an L-SIG (Legacy-Signal) field, an RL-SIG (Repeated L-SIG) field, a U-SIG (Universal-Signal) field, an ELR-MARK field, an UHR-STF (Ultra High Reliability-STF), an UHR-LTF, an ELR-SIG field, and a data field. The above ELR PPDU has a bandwidth of 20 MHz and is defined only for a single spatial stream and UHR-MCS (Modulation and Coding Scheme) 0 and 1. The above ELR-SIG field and the above data field are transmitted through a resource unit replicated four times in the frequency domain by a 52-tone RRU (Regular Resource Unit) at the above 20MHz. method.

14. In a wireless LAN system, a transmitting STA (station) memory; transceiver; and A processor operatively coupled to the memory and the transceiver, the processor comprising: Generates a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit); and Transmit the above PPDU to the receiving STA, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. Transmitting STA.

15. At least one computer-readable medium containing instructions based on being executed by at least one processor, A step of receiving a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from a transmitting STA (station); and Further comprising a step of decrypting the above PPDU, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. Recording medium.

16. In a wireless LAN system, in the device, memory; and A processor operatively coupled to the memory, the processor comprising: Receives a PPDU (Physical Protocol Data Unit) from a transmitting STA (station); and Decrypt the above PPDU, The above PPDU includes L-STF (Legacy-Short Training Field), The above L-STF is constructed based on the repetition of a first signal identical to a short symbol and the repetition of a second signal multiplied by -1 to the short symbol, and It is determined that the PPDU is an ELR (Enhanced Long Range) PPDU based on a first value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and a second value obtained by performing auto-correlation between the repeated first signals and the second signals. device.

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