Devices and methods for intermediate node authorization
The described method authorizes IoT devices as intermediate nodes using lightweight protocols, addressing security and resource constraints to enhance network integrity and reduce power consumption.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/103459
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-08
AI Technical Summary
Existing IoT devices, particularly those relying on ambient energy harvesting, face challenges in secure authorization due to limited energy and processing capabilities, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access and network integrity issues.
A network device receives and transmits authorization information or results for IoT devices acting as intermediate nodes, ensuring secure communication and network integrity through lightweight authorization protocols compatible with constrained resources.
Enhances security and efficiency in IoT networks by authorizing intermediate nodes, preventing unauthorized access while maintaining network integrity and reducing power consumption.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024103459_08012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR INTERMEDIATE NODE AUTHORIZATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for authorization of intermediate node for ambient internet of things (AIoT) service.BACKGROUND
[0003] Internet of Things, or IoT, is a network of physical devices. These devices can transfer data to one another without human intervention. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. It may consider devices being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable. Considering the limited size and complexity required by practical applications for battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with limited energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, the output power of energy harvester is typically from 1μW to a few hundreds of μW. Existing cellular devices may not work well with energy harvesting due to their peak power consumption of higher than 10mW.
[0004] Authorization of intermediate nodes is essential in IoT networks to ensure secure communication between devices and central systems. Given the limited energy and processing capabilities of many IoT devices, traditional authorization methods are often impractical. Lightweight and efficient authorization protocols are needed to prevent unauthorized access and maintain network integrity, especially in AIoT environments. These protocols must be robust enough to secure data transfer while being compatible with the constrained resources of IoT devices.SUMMARY
[0005] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution on authorization of intermediate node for AIoT service.
[0006] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; and transmit the authorization result to a third network device.
[0007] In a second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second network device to: transmit, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0008] In a third aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; and transmitting the authorization result to a third network device.
[0009] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0010] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the third, or fourth aspect.
[0011] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0013] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0014] FIG. 1B illustrates an example architecture of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling flow of a procedure of authorizing intermediate node for AIoT service in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 10 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 12A illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 12B illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 12C illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 13 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0029] FIG. 14 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0030] FIG. 15 illustrates a signaling flow of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0031] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0033] FIG. 18 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0034] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0036] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0037] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0038] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0039] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0040] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0041] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0042] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0043] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0044] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0045] The term “ambient IoT device” used herein is a 3GPP IoT device which is much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT. The ultimate ambient IoT energy source is that from radio waves. Both Ambient IoT and Ambient computing rely upon energy harvesting as one of the key mechanisms for powering and enabling the technology. Energy harvesting, as it applies to Ambient IoT and Ambient Computing, is the harnessing of the power in ambient radio waves to power tiny computers. Ambient IoT device may have a new radio / air interface to a reader / node. The new radio interface may be frame based or non-frame based. Deploying ambient IoT service on existing system could reduce the operation cost and quickly commercialize the new service.
[0046] As used herein, the term "AMF" refers to the Access and Mobility Management Function in 5G network architecture. The AMF is responsible for managing registration, connection, reachability, mobility, and access authorization for User Equipment (UE) .
[0047] As used herein, the term "UDM" refers to the Unified Data Management function in 5G network architecture. The UDM is responsible for handling user subscription data and profiles, enabling network services such as authentication, authorization, and user mobility management.
[0048] As used herein, the term "RAN" refers to the Radio Access Network, a critical component of wireless communication systems such as LTE and 5G. The RAN connects devices, such as smartphones and IoT devices, to the core network, facilitating the transmission of data and control signals.
[0049] As used herein, the term "PCF" refers to the Policy Control Function, a key component in 5G core networks responsible for managing network policies. The PCF determines and enforces rules for resource allocation, quality of service (QoS) , and access control to ensure optimal network performance.
[0050] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0051] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, a plurality of communication devices, including an ambient IoT (AIoT) device 110, a network device 120, and an intermediate node 130, can communicate with each other.
[0052] In the example of FIG. 1A, the ambient IoT device 110 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 130 between the ambient IoT device 110 and the network device 120. In the communication environment 100, the network device 120 may be a base station serving an intermediate node 130. The intermediate node 130 may be a UE, a relay, an IAB node, a repeater, and the like which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node 130 may transfer Ambient IoT data and / or signalling between the ambient IoT device 110 and the network device 120, and a UE may act as an intermediate node 130 which is under the control of the network device 120. For example, the network device 120 may be outdoor, and the ambient IoT device 110 may be indoor.
[0053] It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment 100 may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment 100. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the network device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the intermediate node 130 may be other device than a terminal device.
[0054] In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the intermediate node 130 operating as a UE which may be authorized to be an intermediate node, and the network device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.
[0055] In some example embodiments, if the intermediate node 130 is a terminal device (e.g., UE) and the network device 120 is a base station (e.g., gNB) , a link from the network device 120 to the intermediate node 130 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the intermediate node 130 to the network device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the network device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the intermediate node 130 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the intermediate node 130 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the network device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0056] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0057] The AIoT may refer to a new class of IoT devices primarily powered by harvesting ambient energy from radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other viable ambient energy source. In addition, the AIoT is an extension of the existing IoT. AIoT devices carry out many of the same functions as IoT devices and target many of the same use cases but require additional design choices to meet solution demands. By relying on energy harvested from ambient sources, the AIoT makes it possible to develop lower-cost, smaller, and maintenance-free devices, allowing the IoT to become more scalable in existing use cases and in use cases still to be developed. Harvesting energy from ambient sources generates only minimal amounts of power. This creates the inherent requirement for AIoT devices to be less complex and more power efficient.
[0058] In the embodiments shown in FIG. 1A, the AIoT device 110 may include an energy harvesting module and a backscattering module. The intermediate node 130 (e.g., UE or a reader) transmits an energy supply or command to the AIoT device 110. In response to receiving the energy supply and command, the AIoT device 110 backscatters to the intermediate node 130.
[0059] In some predefined standard, the issues on the system architecture and procedure to support 5G AIoT services are described. For example, a UE acting as the intermediate node may be responsible for transferring the information between an AIoT device and 5GS. If the authorization of intermediate node is not supported, the attacker can play the role of intermediate node and arbitrarily deny 5G AIoT service. Therefore, it is necessary to study how to authorize the UE for acting as the intermediate node.
[0060] Furthermore, there are security threats that if the 5GC cannot verify if the UE acting as an intermediate node is authorized, the attacker UE may impersonate the intermediate node. The attacker UE may then deny the 5G Ambient IoT services. In addition, there are potential security requirements that the 5GS shall be able to support the authorization of the AIoT capable UE as an intermediate node in 5G Ambient IoT services.
[0061] To solve the above and other related / potential issues, embodiments of the present disclosure propose an example architecture of AIoT system and related solution (s) . In a solution, a first network device receives, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device. The authorization result indicates whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node. In the solution, the first network device further transmits the authorization result to a third network device. In this way, security in the AIoT scenario can be improved.
[0062] FIG. 1B illustrates an example architecture of a communication system in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The example architecture includes a plurality of devices which can communicate with each other. As shown in FIG. 1B, the plurality of devices include the AIoT device 110, a network device (also referred to as next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) or NG-RAN device for discussion) 120, the intermediate node 130, an access and mobility management function (AMF) device or node (also referred to as AMF for discussion) 140, a policy control function (PCF) device or node (also referred to as PCF for discussion) 150, an AIoT reader controller (also referred to as “AIoT RC” for discussion) 160, an AIoT reader management device (also referred to as “AIoT RM” for discussion) 170, a unified data management (UDM) device or node (also referred to as UDM for discussion) 180, a session management function (SMF) device or node (also referred to as SMF for discussion) 190, and a user plane function (UPF) device or node (also referred to as UPF for discussion) 195.
[0063] In the example of FIG. 1B, the NG-RAN 120 may be a network device such as base station serving the intermediate node 130. The intermediate node 130 may act as an A-IoT reader and / or a UE. For instance, the intermediate node 130 may transfer AIoT data and / or signalling between the AIoT device 110 and the NG-RAN 120.
[0064] In the following embodiments, the intermediate node 130 may be described as UE 130 which is to be authorized as an intermediate node. In some embodiments, the intermediate node 130 may be authorized by the AMF 140. For example, the AMF authorizes the node by the UE subscriptions from the UDM 180, or by the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via the PCF 150 and / or AIoT reader controller 160. As shown in FIG. 1B, the SMF 190 may manage the lifecycle of data sessions and ensure that users maintain seamless and efficient connectivity. Moreover, the UPF 195 may be located at the edge of the core network, manage and optimize data transmission.
[0065] More details of the architecture shown in FIG. 1B will be discussed with respect to FIGS. 2-15 as follows.
[0066] Reference is made to FIG. 2, which illustrates a signaling flow 200 of a procedure of authorizing intermediate node for AIoT service in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 2, the signaling flow 200 involves a first network device 210, a second network device 220, and a third network device 230.
[0067] In the signaling flow 200, the second network device 220 transmits (240) , to the first network device 210, subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node and / or an authorization result of the terminal device. In this case, the authorization result indicates whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node. In other words, the first network device 210 receives (250) , from the second network device 220, the subscription information and / or the authorization result.
[0068] The subscription information may include information about subscription of one or more terminal devices in an AIoT system. In some other embodiments, the second network device 220 may store the subscription information.
[0069] In some embodiments, if the first network device 210 receives the subscription information from the second network device 220, it may determine whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node, that is, determine the authorization result of the terminal device. That is, in response to receiving the subscription information, the first network device 210 may determine the authorization result based on the subscription information.
[0070] Then, the first network device 210 transmits (260) the authorization result to the third network device 230. In other words, the third network device 230 receives (270) the authorization result from the first network device 210.
[0071] In some embodiments, in response to receiving, from the third network device 230, a first request for authorizing the terminal device, the first network device 210 may transmit, to the second network device 220, a second request for authorizing the terminal device. In some examples, the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, and the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication. The AIoT intermediate node indication indicates that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0072] In some embodiments, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the UDM device 180 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the NG-RAN device 120 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a network device for example.
[0073] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the PCF device 150, the AIoT reader controller 160, or the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the NG-RAN device 120 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a network device for example.
[0074] As a further alternative, in some other embodiments, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the AIoT reader controller 160 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B.The third network device 230 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example.
[0075] Still further, in some alternative embodiments, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the PCF device 150 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the AIoT reader controller 160, or the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example.
[0076] In this way, the terminal device can be authorized for acting as the intermediate node during the registration of the terminal device.
[0077] As discussed above, the authorization of the terminal device may be performed in the registration process of the terminal device. In some other embodiments, the authorization may be implemented after the terminal device is registered and selected as an AIoT intermediate node. For instance, after registering of the terminal device, if the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node 130, the first network device 210 may transmit, to the second network device 220, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.
[0078] In these cases, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the Unified Data Management (UDM) device 180 or the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the Radio Access Network (RAN) device 120 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a network device for example.
[0079] Alternatively, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the AIoT reader controller 160 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example.
[0080] As a further alternative, in some embodiments, the first network device 210 may be implemented as the PCF device 150 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The second network device 220 may be implemented as the AIoT reader management device 170 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The third network device 230 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B, which may be a core network device for example.
[0081] In this way, the terminal device can be authorized for acting as the intermediate node after the registration of the terminal device and section as the intermediate node in a more flexible and efficient way.
[0082] Now more detailed embodiments will be further discussed blow. FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow 300 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 3, the signaling flow 300 involves the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, and the UDM device 180.
[0083] In the embodiments of FIG. 3, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the UDM device 180 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0084] In the signaling flow 300, at 3010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0085] At 3020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0086] If the AMF 140 does not have subscription data for the UE 130, at 3030, the AMF 140 transmits a message (e.g., via Nudm_SDM_Get) to retrieve the Access and Mobility Subscription data, SMF Selection Subscription data, UE context in SMF data and LCS mobile origination.
[0087] At 3040, The UDM 180 transmits another message (e.g., via Nudm_SDM_Get) to provide the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication to AMF 140 as part of the Access and Mobility Subscription data.
[0088] Then the AMF 140 determines the authorization result. At 3050, AMF 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the AIoT intermediate node authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a predefined step, including an indication that the UE 130 is authorized.
[0089] If the NG-RAN 120 provides an AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 3020 and the subscription data received at 3040 does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to the UE 130, or the AMF 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the UE 130 to be registered to the PLMN.
[0090] At 3060, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to the UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0091] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration, without the authorization of the UDM device 180.
[0092] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow 400 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 4, the signaling flow 400 involves UE 130, NG-RAN 120, AMF device 140, PCF device 150, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0093] In the embodiments of FIG. 4, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the PCF device 150 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0094] In the signaling flow 400, at 4010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0095] At 4020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0096] If the AMF 140 does not have AIoT intermediate Node information for the UE 130, At 4025, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the PCF 150 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by a message, e.g., via Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0097] At 4030, the PCF device 150 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. Then at 4035, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0098] At 4040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be void or the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication.
[0099] At 4045, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the PCF device 150. Then the PCF device 150 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to AMF device 140 at 4050.
[0100] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node information from the PCF device 150, the AMF device 140 authorizes the UE 130 with AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed or not-allowed. If AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 4060, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the AIoT intermediate node authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0101] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 4020 and the information received does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to The UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0102] At 4070, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0103] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via PCF 150 and AIoT reader controller device 160.
[0104] FIG. 5 illustrates a signaling flow 500 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 500 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 5, the signaling flow 500 involves UE 130, NG-RAN 120, AMF device 140, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0105] In the embodiments of FIG. 5, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0106] The UE 130 may be authorized as an intermediate node 130 in the example architecture of AIoT system of FIG. 1B. The NG-RAN 120 may be implemented as the NG-RAN 120 in FIG . 1B or the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. The AMF device 140 may be implemented as the AMF device 140 in FIG. 1B or the first network device 210 in FIG. 2. The AIoT reader controller device 160 may be implemented as the AIoT reader controller device 160 in FIG. 1B or the second network device 220 in FIG. 2. The AIoT reader management device 170 may be implemented as the AIoT reader management device 170 in FIG. 1B.
[0107] In the signaling flow 500, at 5010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0108] At 5020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0109] If the AMF 140 does not have AIoT intermediate Node information for the UE 130, At 5030, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by e.g., Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0110] At 5035, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0111] At 5040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be void or the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication.
[0112] At 5050, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to AMF device 140.
[0113] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node information from the AIoT reader controller device 160, the AMF device 140 authorizes the UE 130 with AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed or not-allowed. If AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 5060, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the UE 130 is authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0114] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 5020 and the information received does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0115] At 5070, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0116] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via the AIoT reader controller device 160.
[0117] FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling flow 600 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 600 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 6, the signaling flow 600 involves the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0118] In the embodiments of FIG. 6, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0119] In the signaling flow 600, at 6010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0120] At 6020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0121] If the AMF 140 does not have AIoT intermediate Node information for the UE 130, At 6030, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0122] At 6040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AMF device 140 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be void or the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication.
[0123] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node information from the AIoT reader management device 170, the AMF device 140 authorizes the UE 130 with AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed or not-allowed. If AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 6050, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the UE 130 is authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0124] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 6020 and the information received at 6040 does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0125] At 6060, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0126] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 directly.
[0127] FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow 700 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 700 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 7, the signaling flow 700 involves the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, the PCF device 150, and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0128] In the embodiments of FIG. 7, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the PCF device 150 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0129] In the signaling flow 700, at 7010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0130] At 7020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0131] If the AMF 140 does not have AIoT intermediate Node information for the UE 130, At 7025, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the PCF 150 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0132] At 7030, the PCF device 150 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0133] At 7045, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the PCF device 150 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be void or the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication. Then at 7050, the PCF device 150 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to AMF device 140.
[0134] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node information from the PCF device 150, the AMF device 140 authorizes the UE 130 with AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed or not-allowed. If AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 7060, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the AIoT intermediate node authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0135] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 7020 and the information received does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0136] At 7070, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0137] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via the PCF device 150.
[0138] FIG. 8 illustrates a signaling flow 800 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 800 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 8, the signaling flow 800 involves the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0139] In the embodiments of FIG. 8, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0140] In the signaling flow 800, at 8010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0141] At 8020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140.
[0142] At 8030, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0143] At 8035, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0144] At 8040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed.
[0145] At 8050, based on the received information, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result to the AMF device 140. If the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed, the Authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the information is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed or there is no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT RM, the Authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed.
[0146] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result, if AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 8060, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the UE 130 is authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0147] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 8020 and the authorization result received at 8050 does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to the UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0148] At 8070, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0149] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AIoT reader controller device 160 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0150] FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow 900 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 900 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 9, the signaling flow 900 involves UE 130, NG-RAN 120, AMF device 140, and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0151] In the embodiments of FIG. 9, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0152] In the signaling flow 900, at 9010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0153] At 9020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140. At 9030, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0154] At 9040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result to the AMF device 140 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node or there is no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT reader management device 170, the authorization result is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed.
[0155] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result, if AIoT intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 9050, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the UE 130 is authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0156] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 9020 and the authorization result received at 9040 does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to the UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0157] At 9060, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0158] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AIoT reader management device 170 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration.
[0159] FIG. 10 illustrates a signaling flow 1000 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1000 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 10, the signaling flow 1000 involves the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, the PCF device 150, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0160] In the embodiments of FIG. 10, the PCF device 150 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0161] In the signaling flow 1000, at 10010, the UE 130 transmits registration request in the access network (AN) message to the NG-RAN 120. The AN parameters shall also include an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication if the UE 130 is an AIoT Intermediate Node accessing 5GS. The UE 130 may also indicate an AIoT Intermediate Node-Indication in the NAS Registration Request. The UE ID (e.g. SUCI or 5G-GUTI) is included in Registration Request.
[0162] At 10020, the NG-RAN 120 transmits the registration request in N2 message to the AMF 140. At 10025, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the PCF 150 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0163] At 10030, the PCF device 150 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. Then at 10035, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0164] At 10040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication. There can be no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0165] At 10045, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the PCF device 150. Then the PCF device 150 determines the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result based on the received information and transmits the authorization result to AMF device 140 at 10050 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the Authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node or there is no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT RM, the Authorization result is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed.
[0166] According to the obtained AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result, if AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation is allowed, at 10060, the AMF device 140 transmits the N2 message to NG-RAN 120 includes an indication that the AIoT intermediate node authorized, and NAS Registration Accept. The AMF device 140 may trigger the setup of the UE context in NG-RAN 120, or modification of the UE context in NG-RAN 120 if the initial setup is at a step, e.g., at step 9c of TS 23.502 Figure 4.2.2.2.2-1: Registration procedure, including an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0167] If the NG-RAN 120 provides AIoT Intermediate Node indication at 10020 and the authorization result received at 10050 does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node operation, the AMF device 140 may either accept the registration with providing the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization information, which is not allowed as AIoT Intermediate Node, to the UE 130, or the AMF device 140 may reject the registration if the PLMN does not allow the AIoT Intermediate Node to be registered to the PLMN.
[0168] At 10070, the NG-RAN 120 may transmit the RRC message to UE 130 including NAS Registration Accept with an indication that the AIoT Intermediate Node-node is authorized.
[0169] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the PCF device 150 for acting as the intermediate node during the UE registration via the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0170] FIG. 11 illustrates a signaling flow 1100 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1100 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 11, the signaling flow 1100 involves the AIoT device 110, the UE 130, the NG-RAN 120, the AMF device 140, the UDM device 180, the NEF device 1150 and the AF device 1160.
[0171] In the embodiments of FIG. 11, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the UDM device 180 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the NG-RAN 120 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0172] At 11010, the UE 130 performs the registration procedure with the enhancement to indicate its AIoT Intermediate node capability, and is authorized as an intermediate UE 130 during the registration procedure.
[0173] At 11020, the AF device 1160 transmits the AIoT Service Request to the AMF 140 or AIoT NF via the NEF 1150, including the AIoT device ID, service type (e.g., Inventory, Command) , location information, external UE ID (GPSI) .
[0174] At 11030, the AMF 140 or AIoT NF selects the Intermediate UE 130 based on the information provided by AF, e.g., location information and / or GPSI, etc.
[0175] At 11040, the AMF 140 transmits the UE subscription request to the UDM device 180. Then at 11050, the UDM transmits the UE subscription to AMF 140 which includes the indication that whether the selected UE 130 is allowed to act as intermediate UE.
[0176] The AMF 140 transmits the authorization result to the UE 130 at 11060. At 11080, the AIoT service procedure is activated.
[0177] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF device 140 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection, without the authorization of the UDM device 180.
[0178] FIG. 12A illustrates a signaling flow 1200 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1200 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 12A, the signaling flow 1200 involves the AMF device 140, the PCF device 150, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0179] In the embodiments of FIG. 12A, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the PCF device 150 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0180] In the signaling flow 1200, before 12005, the preceding processes are same as 11010 to 11030 in FIG. 11. At 12005, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the PCF 150 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0181] At 12010, the PCF device 150 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. Then at 12015, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0182] At 12020, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. Then at 12025, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the PCF device 150.
[0183] At 12030, the PCF device 150 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to AMF device 140. After 12030, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0184] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via PCF 150 and AIoT reader controller device 160.
[0185] FIG. 12B illustrates a signaling flow 1200’ of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1200’ will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 12B, the signaling flow 1200’ involves the AMF device 140, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0186] In the embodiments of FIG. 12B, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0187] In the signaling flow 1200’ , before 12035, the preceding processes are same as 11010 to 11030 in FIG. 11. At 12035, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get. Then at 12040, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0188] At 12045, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. Then at 12050, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AMF device 140. After 12050, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0189] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 via the AIoT reader controller device 160.
[0190] FIG. 12C illustrates a signaling flow 1200” of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1200” will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 12C, the signaling flow 600 involves the AMF device 140, and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0191] In the embodiments of FIG. 12C, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0192] In the signaling flow 1200” , before 12060, the preceding processes are same as 11010 to 11030 in FIG. 11. At 12060, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 160 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0193] At 12070, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AMF device 140. After 12070, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0194] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AMF 140 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170 directly.
[0195] FIG. 13 illustrates a signaling flow 1300 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1300 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 13, the signaling flow 1300 involves the AMF device 140, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0196] In the embodiments of FIG. 13, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0197] In the signaling flow 1300, before 13010, the preceding processes are same as 11010 to 11030 in FIG. 11. At 13010, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the AIoT reader controller device 160. Then at 13020, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170, and retrieve AIoT intermediate Node information from the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0198] At 13040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result to the AMF device 140. After 13040, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0199] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the AIoT reader controller device 160 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection based on the policy from the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0200] FIG. 14 illustrates a signaling flow 1400 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1400 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 14, the signaling flow 1400 involves the AMF device 140, and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0201] In the embodiments of FIG. 14, the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader management device 170 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0202] In the signaling flow 1400, before 14010, the preceding processes are same as 11010 to 11030 in FIG. 11. At 14010, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID. Then at 14020, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result to the AMF device 140 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node or there is no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT reader management device 170, the authorization result is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed. After 14020, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0203] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the PCF device 150 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection via the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0204] FIG. 15 illustrates a signaling flow 1500 of an example authorizing procedure of intermediate node in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purposes of discussion, the signaling flow 1500 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 1B. As shown in FIG. 15, the signaling flow 1500 involves AMF device 140, PCF device 150, the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0205] In the embodiments of FIG. 15, the PCF device 150 is an implementation of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2, the AIoT reader controller device 160 is an implementation of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2, and the AMF device 140 is an implementation of the third network device 230 in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that the above examples are just discussed for illustration, rather than suggesting any limitations.
[0206] In the signaling flow 1500, at 15010, the AMF 140 transmits the AIoT intermediate Node authorization request to the PCF 150 with the UE ID. The UE ID can be the UE GPSI, which can be obtained from UDM 180 by Nudm_SDM_Get.
[0207] At 15020, the PCF device 150 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader controller device 160 with the UE ID. Then at 15030, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits AIoT intermediate Node information request to the AIoT reader management device 170 with the UE ID.
[0208] At 15040, the AIoT reader management device 170 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the AIoT reader controller device 160 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed indication. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the information can be the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed indication. There can be no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0209] At 15050, the AIoT reader controller device 160 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node information to the PCF device 150. Then the PCF device 150 transmits the AIoT Intermediate Node authorization result to AMF device 140 at 15060 corresponding to the UE ID. If the UE 130 can be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node, the Authorization result is the AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation allowed. If the UE 130 can not be operated as the AIoT Intermediate Node or there is no information for the UE 130 in the AIoT RM, the Authorization result is AIoT Intermediate Node-Operation not-allowed. After 15060, the following processes are same as 11060 to 11080 in FIG. 11.
[0210] In this way, the UE 130 can be authorized by the PCF device 150 for acting as the intermediate node after the Intermediate UE selection via the AIoT reader controller device 160 and the AIoT reader management device 170.
[0211] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1600 implemented at a first network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1600 will be described from the perspective of the first network device 210 in FIG. 2.
[0212] At block 1610, the first network device receives, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0213] At block 1620, the first network device transmits the authorization result to a third network device.
[0214] In some example embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to receiving, from the third network device, a first request for authorizing the terminal device, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.
[0215] In some example embodiments, the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, and wherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0216] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, wherein the AMF device receives the subscription information from the UDM device and determines the authorization result based on subscription information, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0217] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0218] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0219] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0220] In some example embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.
[0221] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0222] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device; and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0223] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device; and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0224] In some example embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to receiving the subscription information, determine the authorization result based on the subscription information.
[0225] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1700 implemented at a second network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1700 will be described from the perspective of the second network device 220 in FIG. 2.
[0226] At block 1710, the second network device 220 transmits, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0227] In some example embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: receive, from the first network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device, wherein the second request is transmitted in response to a first request for authorizing the terminal device received from a third network device.
[0228] In some example embodiments, the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, and wherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0229] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, and wherein the UDM device transmits the subscription information to the AMF device and the AMF device determines the authorization result based on subscription information, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0230] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0231] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0232] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0233] In some example embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: receive, from the first network device, a second request for the subscription information wherein the second request is transmitted in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering.
[0234] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, and the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device.
[0235] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device.
[0236] In some example embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device.
[0237] In some example embodiments, second network device stores the subscription information.
[0238] FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1800 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A, FIG. 1B and FIG. 2. Accordingly, the device 1800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first network device 210 or the second network device 220.
[0239] As shown, the device 1800 includes a processor 1810, a memory 1820 coupled to the processor 1810, a suitable transceiver 1840 coupled to the processor 1810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1840. The memory 1820 stores at least a part of a program 1830. The transceiver 1840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1840 may include at least one of a transmitter 1842 and a receiver 1844. The transmitter 1842 and the receiver 1844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0240] The program 1830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1810, enable the device 1800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 17. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1810 of the device 1800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1810 and memory 1820 may form processing means 1850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0241] The memory 1820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1820 is shown in the device 1800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1800. The processor 1810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0242] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; and transmit the authorization result to a third network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first network device as discussed above.
[0243] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second network device as discussed above.
[0244] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0245] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first network apparatus is provided. The first network apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; and means for transmitting the authorization result to a third network device. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1600. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0246] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second network apparatus is provided. The second network apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1700. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0247] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0248] In an aspect, it is proposed a first network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first network device to: receive, from a second network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; and transmit the authorization result to a third network device.
[0249] In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to receiving, from the third network device, a first request for authorizing the terminal device, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.
[0250] In some embodiments, the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, and wherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0251] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, wherein the AMF device receives the subscription information from the UDM device and determines the authorization result based on subscription information, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0252] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0253] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0254] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0255] In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.
[0256] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0257] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device; and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0258] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device; and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0259] In some embodiments, the first network device is further caused to: in response to receiving the subscription information, determine the authorization result based on the subscription information.
[0260] In an aspect, it is proposed a second network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second network device to: transmit, to a first network device, at least one of: subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, or an authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0261] In some embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: receive, from the first network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device, wherein the second request is transmitted in response to a first request for authorizing the terminal device received from a third network device.
[0262] In some embodiments, the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, and wherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.
[0263] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, and wherein the UDM device transmits the subscription information to the AMF device and the AMF device determines the authorization result based on subscription information, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0264] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.
[0265] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0266] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.
[0267] In some embodiments, the second network device is further caused to: receive, from the first network device, a second request for the subscription information wherein the second request is transmitted in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering.
[0268] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, and the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device.
[0269] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device.
[0270] In some embodiments, the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device.
[0271] In some embodiments, second network device stores the subscription information.
[0272] In an aspect, a first network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0273] In an aspect, a second network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0274] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0275] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0276] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first network device discussed above.
[0277] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second network device discussed above.
[0278] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0279] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0280] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0281] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0282] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0283] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first network device to:receive, from a second network device, at least one of:subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) intermediate node, oran authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; andtransmit the authorization result to a third network device.2.The device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in response to receiving, from the third network device, a first request for authorizing the terminal device, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.3.The device of claim 2, wherein the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, andwherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.4.The device of claim 2, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device,the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, wherein the AMF device receives the subscription information from the UDM device and determines the authorization result based on subscription information, andthe third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.5.The device of claim 2, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device,the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management device, andthe third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.6.The device of claim 2, wherein the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller,the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, andthe third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.7.The device of claim 2, wherein the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device,the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, andthe third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.8.The device of claim 1, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering, transmit, to the second network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device.9.The device of claim 8, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device; orwherein the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device; orwherein the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, and the third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.10.The device of any of claims 1 to 9, wherein the first network device is further caused to:in response to receiving the subscription information, determine the authorization result based on the subscription information.11.A second network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second network device to:transmit, to a first network device, at least one of:subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) intermediate node, oran authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.12.The device of claim 11, wherein the second network device is further caused to:receive, from the first network device, a second request for authorizing the terminal device, wherein the second request is transmitted in response to a first request for authorizing the terminal device received from a third network device.13.The device of claim 12, wherein the first request comprises a registration request for registering the terminal device, andwherein the first request comprises at least one of an identification of the terminal device or an AIoT intermediate node indication, the AIoT intermediate node indication indicating that the terminal device is to be authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.14.The device of claim 12, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device,the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device, and wherein the UDM device transmits the subscription information to the AMF device and the AMF device determines the authorization result based on subscription information, andthe third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.15.The device of claim 12, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device,the second network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, an AIoT reader controller, or an AIoT reader management, andthe third network device comprises a Radio Access Network (RAN) device.16.The device of claim 12, wherein the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller,the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device, andthe third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.17.The device of claim 12, wherein the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device,the second network device comprises an AIoT reader controller or an AIoT reader management device, andthe third network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device.18.The device of claim 11, wherein the second network device is further caused to:receive, from the first network device, a second request for the subscription information wherein the second request is transmitted in response to that the terminal device is selected as the AIoT intermediate node after registering.19.The device of claim 18, wherein the first network device comprises an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) device, and the second network device comprises a Unified Data Management (UDM) device or an AIoT reader management device; orwherein the first network device comprises an AIoT reader controller, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device; orwherein the first network device comprises a Policy Control Function (PCF) device, and the second network device comprises an AIoT reader management device.20.The device of any of claims 11 to 19, wherein second network device stores the subscription information.21.A communication method implemented at a first network device, comprising:receiving, from a second network device, at least one of:subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, oran authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node; andtransmitting the authorization result to a third network device.22.A communication method implemented at a second network device, comprising:transmitting, to a first network device, at least one of:subscription information of a terminal device for acting as an AIoT intermediate node, oran authorization result of the terminal device, the authorization result indicating whether the terminal device is authorized as an AIoT intermediate node.23.A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 21-22.
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