Performance metric for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio based beam prediction
SINR-based beam prediction using AI/ML models addresses challenges in wireless communications by enhancing beam management and prediction, improving reliability and efficiency through tailored performance metrics in complex environments.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/104143
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-15
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communications systems face challenges in improving signal reliability and efficiency due to complex and dynamic environments, which can attenuate or block signals between transmitters and receivers, necessitating better beam management and prediction techniques.
Implementing SINR-based beam prediction using artificial intelligence and machine learning models to enhance beam management by predicting signal and interference-plus-noise components, with performance metrics tailored to specific scenarios, allowing for more robust beam identification in multi-user/multi-cell operations.
Enhances beam prediction accuracy and flexibility, improving communication reliability and efficiency by considering both signal and interference-plus-noise components, thereby optimizing beamforming in dynamic environments.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024104143_15012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
PERFORMANCE METRIC FOR SIGNAL-TO-INTERFERENCE-PLUS-NOISE RATIO BASED BEAM PREDICTION
[0001] INTRODUCTION
[0002] Field of the Disclosure
[0003] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to wireless communications, and more particularly, to techniques for performance metrics for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based beam prediction.
[0004] Description of Related Art
[0005] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasts, or other similar types of services. These wireless communications systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communications with multiple users by sharing available wireless communications system resources with those users.
[0006] Although wireless communications systems have made great technological advancements over many years, challenges still exist. For example, complex and dynamic environments can still attenuate or block signals between wireless transmitters and wireless receivers. Accordingly, there is a continuous desire to improve the technical performance of wireless communications systems, including, for example: improving speed and data carrying capacity of communications, improving efficiency of the use of shared communications mediums, reducing power used by transmitters and receivers while performing communications, improving reliability of wireless communications, avoiding redundant transmissions and / or receptions and related processing, improving the coverage area of wireless communications, increasing the number and types of devices that can access wireless communications systems, increasing the ability for different types of devices to intercommunicate, increasing the number and type of wireless communications mediums available for use, and the like. Consequently, there exists a need for further improvements in wireless communications systems to overcome the aforementioned technical challenges and others.SUMMARY
[0007] One aspect provides a method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) . The method includes receiving a request to perform a signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets; performing the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets; receiving an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets; generating, using a measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals, a performance metric associated with the SINR based beam prediction; and performing an action using the performance metric, wherein at least one of the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals, or the performance metric is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an interference and noise (I / N) prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.
[0008] Another aspect provides a method of wireless communication performed by a network entity. The method includes transmitting a request to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets; and transmitting an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals being based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, and the one or more assistance reference signals being associated with generating a performance metric for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0009] Other aspects provide: one or more apparatuses operable, configured, or otherwise adapted to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more non-transitory, computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that instructions may be included in only one computer-readable medium or in a distributed fashion across multiple computer-readable media, such that instructions may be executed by only one processor or by multiple processors in a distributed fashion, such that each apparatus of the one or more apparatuses may include one processor or multiple processors, and / or such that performance may be by only one apparatus or in a distributed fashion across multiple apparatuses) ; one or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that code may be stored in only one computer-readable medium or across computer-readable media in a distributed fashion) ; and / or one or more apparatuses comprising one or more means for performing any portion of any method described herein (e.g., such that performance would be by only one apparatus or by multiple apparatuses in a distributed fashion) . By way of example, an apparatus may comprise a processing system, a device with a processing system, or processing systems cooperating over one or more networks. An apparatus may comprise one or more memories; and one or more processors configured to cause the apparatus to perform any portion of any method described herein. In some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software.
[0010] The following description and the appended figures set forth certain features for purposes of illustration.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0011] The appended figures depict certain features of the various aspects described herein and are not to be considered limiting of the scope of this disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 1 depicts an example wireless communications network.
[0013] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station architecture.
[0014] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example base station and an example user equipment (UE) .
[0015] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict various example aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network.
[0016] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management.
[0017] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples of beam management procedures.
[0018] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating example beam prediction by a UE.
[0019] FIGS. 8-11 are diagrams of examples of performance metric determination for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based beam prediction.
[0020] FIG. 12 depicts a process flow for communications in a network between a UE and a network entity.
[0021] FIG. 13 depicts a method for wireless communications.
[0022] FIG. 14 depicts another method for wireless communications.
[0023] FIG. 15 depicts aspects of an example communications device.
[0024] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] Aspects of the present disclosure provide apparatuses, methods, processing systems, and computer-readable mediums for performance metrics for Layer 1 signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (L1-SINR) based beam prediction.
[0026] Devices of a wireless communications network, such as a user equipment (UE) and a network entity, may use beamforming to communicate with one another. Beamforming involves the application of a spatial filter for transmission or reception of communications. By applying the spatial filter, radiated energy (or reception of radiated energy) can be shaped to improve gain and mitigate the effects of attenuation, which is particularly beneficial at higher frequency ranges such as millimeter wave frequency ranges.
[0027] Since UEs and network entities can move, or the channel between a UE and a network entity can change, a UE or network entity may perform beam management operations so that a suitable communication beam is selected and updated. Beam management can be performed to select a transmit beam (that is, a spatial filter used to transmit a communication) , a receive beam (that is, a spatial filter used to receive a communication) , or both. For example, a device may measure a set of reference signals that are each associated with a different beam (such as based on each reference signal being transmitted using a different beam at a transmitter, or based on each reference signal being measured using a different beam at the device) . The device may select a receive beam and / or a transmit beam according to a reference signal measurement (such as a strongest reference signal measurement) . The reference signal measurement may include, for example, a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a signal-to-interference-and-noise (SINR) measurement, or the like. Beam management is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 5, below.
[0028] In some examples, a network entity or a UE may use a model or functionality (such as an artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) model or functionality) to perform beam prediction. Beam prediction may involve determining a predicted value of a parameter for a prediction target (such as a beam or a set of beams, which may be referred to as “Set-A beams” ) using a model and an input parameter derived from measurement of a reference signal or beam (such as a set of beams, which may be referred to as “Set-B beams” ) . For example, beam prediction can include spatial-domain downlink transmit beam prediction for prediction targets (e.g., Set-A beams) based on measurement results of Set-B beams (e.g., the measurement results and the beam prediction for the prediction targets may be associated with substantially the same time) . As another example, beam prediction can include temporal-domain downlink transmit beam prediction for a prediction target (e.g., Set-A beams) based on historic measurement results of Set-B beams. As another example, spatial-domain and temporal-domain beam prediction may be combined. Beam prediction may involve the prediction of measurement values described above, such as RSRP measurement values (e.g., Layer 1 (L1) RSRP measurement values) or SINR measurement values (e.g., L1-SINR measurement values or Layer 3 SINR measurement values) , among other examples. AI / ML techniques have been introduced to help reduce the complexity involved in beam selection and the overhead associated with beam management without sacrificing system performance. For example, with the help of ML techniques, beam selection may be performed in a fraction of the time taken by conventional exhaustive search methods and with performance comparable to that of such methods.
[0029] A UE or network entity may perform lifecycle management (LCM) with regard to a model or functionality. LCM may include any one or more of training a model, communicating information that indicates or defines a model or functionality, updating a model or functionality, activating a model or functionality, deactivating a model or functionality, or switching a model or functionality.
[0030] LCM may benefit from the collection, communication, or utilization of performance metrics. In the context of beam prediction, a performance metric may indicate how accurate a beam prediction is. For example, a performance metric may indicate a link quality related key performance indicator (such as throughput, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, or a hypothetical BLER) . In the context of beam prediction, for example, a performance metric may indicate a difference between a predicted measurement value for a prediction target, and a measured value associated with the prediction target. More particularly, for L1-RSRP based beam selection, the performance metric may indicate a difference between a predicted L1-RSRP for a prediction target (e.g., resource, Set-A beam (s) ) and a measured L1-RSRP associated with the prediction target (such as a measurement of the resource or a measurement of a resource associated with Set-A beam (s) ) .
[0031] As mentioned, one form of beam prediction is SINR based beam prediction. SINR based beam prediction may be beneficial because taking interference into consideration may allow more robust beams to be identified in more practical or multi-user / multi-cell operation scenarios. SINR based beam prediction may differ from other forms of beam prediction (such as L1-RSRP based beam prediction) in that an SINR value (such as an L1-SINR value) includes multiple components: a signal component (such as a signal measurement or a signal prediction) and an interference and noise (I / N) component (such as an I / N measurement or an I / N prediction) . Either or both of these components may be predicted for a prediction target. Furthermore, either or both of these components may be measured for the purpose of determining a performance metric for SINR based beam prediction. Approaches for indicating assistance reference signals (that is, reference signals used to perform a measurement for performance metric determination) and for interpreting or otherwise performing actions based on performance metrics may also differ based at least in part on whether an SINR based beam prediction comprises a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both.
[0032] For example, link-quality based performance monitoring (e.g., determination of performance metrics) in L1-RSRP based beam prediction scenarios may use performance metrics such as throughput, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, and hypothetical block error rate (BLER) . Such link-quality based metrics may benefit from the implementation of assistance reference signals (such as reference signals transmitted based on Set-A beams) to be transmitted for the UE to identify such performance metrics (such as performance metrics having a highest or lowest value, or a difference between a top-K predicted beams and a top-K measured beams) . Furthermore, as mentioned, SINR based UE-side beam prediction may allow more robust beams to be identified / predicted in more practical or multi-user / multi-cell operation scenarios. For SINR based UE-side beam prediction, performance metrics to be considered for performance monitoring may be unclear, and signaling and assistance RS configurations may be undefined for different scenarios.
[0033] Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. Some aspects more particularly relate to determining an action, an indication of an assistance reference signal, or a performance metric based at least in part on whether an SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.
[0034] In some aspects, the performance metric may be based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction. For example, if both a signal prediction and an I / N prediction are included in the SINR based beam prediction, the performance metric may indicate an accuracy of the signal prediction and an accuracy of the I / N prediction. In this example, the UE may derive the performance metric from measurements on assistance RSs corresponding to the signal prediction and assistance RSs corresponding to the I / N prediction. For example, if only one of a signal prediction or an I / N prediction is included in the SINR based beam prediction, the performance metric may indicate an accuracy of the included prediction. In this example, the UE may derive the performance metric from measurements on assistance RSs corresponding to the prediction that is included in the SINR based beam prediction.
[0035] In some aspects, a network node may transmit, and a UE may receive, an indication of an assistance reference signal for performance metric determination. The indication (or the assistance reference signal) may be based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction. For example, if separate channel measurement resource (CMR) and interference measurement resource (IMR) Set-A beams are used for respective signal prediction and I / N prediction, the network entity may indicate and / or transmit separate CMR and IMR assistance RSs for respective signal and I / N measurements, thereby facilitating determination of the performance metric. If only one component, of the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, is predicted, then the network entity may indicate and / or transmit assistance RSs corresponding to only the predicted component. As another example, in order to calculate and report performance metrics and / or decisions based on the performance monitoring metrics, the UE may perform measurements on the assistance RSs to identify an actually measured signal measurement and / or I / N measurement from which the UE may derive an actually measured SINR. The UE may compare the actually measured SINR and a predicted SINR to determine the performance metric.
[0036] Aspects of the present disclosure may be used to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some aspects, by generating a performance metric may be based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, the described techniques can be used to improve flexibility of performance metric determination for different types of SINR based beam prediction. By providing an indication (or assistance reference signal) that is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, the configuration of assistance reference signals can be tailored to the SINR based beam prediction, further improving flexibility of performance metric determination for different types of SINR based beam prediction.
[0037] The term “beam” may be used in the present disclosure in various contexts. Beam may be used to mean a set of gains and / or phases (e.g., precoding weights or co-phasing weights) applied to antenna elements in (or associated with) a wireless communication device for transmission or reception. The term “beam” may also refer to an antenna or radiation pattern of a signal transmitted while applying the gains and / or phases to the antenna elements. Other references to beam may include one or more properties or parameters associated with the antenna (or radiation) pattern, such as an angle of arrival (AoA) , an angle of departure (AoD) , a gain, a phase, a directivity, a beam width, a beam direction (with respect to a plane of reference) in terms of azimuth and / or elevation, a peak-to-side-lobe ratio, and / or an antenna (or precoding) port associated with the antenna (radiation) pattern. The term “beam” may also refer to an associated number and / or configuration of antenna elements (e.g., a uniform linear array, a uniform rectangular array, or other uniform array) . The term “beam” may also refer to a reference signal or reference signal identifier mapped to a given beam (such as a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block index or a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) index) . A “set” as discussed herein may include one or more elements.
[0038] Certain aspects described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using some form of artificial intelligence (AI) , e.g., the process of using a machine learning (ML) model to infer or predict output data based on input data. An example ML model may include a mathematical representation of one or more relationships among various objects to provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences. Once an ML model has been trained, the ML model may be deployed to process data that may be similar to, or associated with, all or part of the training data and provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences based on the input data.
[0039] Aspects of the present disclosure may describe the performance of certain tasks and the technical solution of various technical problems by application of a specific type of ML model, such as an artificial neural network (ANN) . It should be understood, however, that other type (s) of AI models may be used in addition to or instead of an ANN. An ML model may be an example of an AI model, and any suitable AI model may be used in addition to or instead of any of the ML models described herein. Hence, unless expressly recited, subject matter regarding an ML model is not necessarily intended to be limited to just an ANN solution or machine learning. Further, it should be understood that, unless otherwise specifically stated, terms such as “AI model, ” “ML model, ” “AI / ML model, ” “trained ML model, ” and the like are intended to be interchangeable.
[0040] Introduction to Wireless Communications Networks
[0041] The techniques and methods described herein may be used for various wireless communications networks. While aspects may be described herein using terminology commonly associated with 3G, 4G, 5G, 6G, and / or other generations of wireless technologies, aspects of the present disclosure may likewise be applicable to other communications systems and standards not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0042] FIG. 1 depicts an example of a wireless communications network 100, in which aspects described herein may be implemented.
[0043] Generally, wireless communications network 100 includes various network entities (alternatively, network elements or network nodes) . A network entity is generally a communications device and / or a communications function performed by a communications device (e.g., a user equipment (UE) , a base station (BS) , a component of a BS, a server, etc. ) . As such communications devices are part of wireless communications network 100, and facilitate wireless communications, such communications devices may be referred to as wireless communications devices. For example, various functions of a network as well as various devices associated with and interacting with a network may be considered network entities. Further, wireless communications network 100 may include terrestrial aspects, such as ground-based network entities (e.g., BSs 102) , and non-terrestrial aspects (also referred to herein as non-terrestrial network entities) . A non-terrestrial network entity may include satellite 140, which may be an example of an aerial or spaceborne platform. In some examples, satellite 140 may include one or more network entities on-board (e.g., one or more BSs) capable of communicating with other network elements (e.g., terrestrial BSs) and UEs. For example, satellite 140 may be implemented according to a regenerative architecture (also referred to as a non-transparent architecture) , and a gNB implemented at satellite 140 may implement higher-layer network functions. As another example, satellite 140 may be implemented according to a transparent architecture, and may perform a physical or other lower-layer repeater function for UEs and a network entity (such as a gateway associated with the satellite 140) .
[0044] In the depicted example, wireless communications network 100 includes BSs 102, UEs 104, and one or more core networks, such as an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160 or a 5G Core (5GC) network 190, which interoperate to provide communications services over various communications links, including wired and wireless links. In some aspects, a core network, such as a 6G core, may implement a converged service-based architecture. In a converged service-based architecture, functions traditionally split between a core network (such as 5GC network 190) and a radio access network (RAN) (such as BS 102) may be implemented at a single network entity. For example, a mobility network entity may perform both core network functions and RAN functions related to mobility of UEs 104 attached to the wireless communications network 100. “Network entity” can refer to a BS 102, a network entity of EPC 160 or 5GC network 190, or a network entity of a converged service-based architecture.
[0045] FIG. 1 depicts various example UEs 104. UE 104 may include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a Global Positioning System device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player, a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an always on (AON) device, an edge processing device, a data center, or another similar device. A UE 104 may also be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a remote device, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, and others.
[0046] BSs 102 wirelessly communicate with (e.g., transmit signals to or receive signals from) UEs 104 via communications links 120. A communications link 120 between a BS 102 and a UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a BS 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a BS 102 to a UE 104. A communications link 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity in various aspects.
[0047] A BS 102 may include a NodeB, an enhanced NodeB (eNB) , a next generation enhanced NodeB (ng-eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB or gNodeB) , an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a transmission reception point (TRP) , a radio unit (RU) , a distributed unit (DU) , or the like. A given BS 102 may provide communications coverage for a coverage area 110, which may sometimes be referred to as a cell, and which may overlap another coverage area 110 (e.g., a small cell provided by a BS 102′) may have a coverage area 110′that overlaps the coverage area 110 of a macro cell) . A BS 102 may, for example, provide communications coverage for a macro cell (covering a relatively large geographic area) , a pico cell (covering a relatively smaller geographic area, such as a sports stadium) , a femto cell (covering a relatively smaller geographic area, such as a home) , or another type of cells.
[0048] The term “cell” may refer to a portion, partition, or segment of wireless communication coverage served by a network entity within a wireless communications network 100. A cell may have geographic characteristics, such as a geographic coverage area, as well as radio frequency characteristics, such as time and / or frequency resources dedicated to the cell. For example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by multiple cells employing different frequency resources (e.g., bandwidth parts) and / or different time resources. As another example, a specific geographic coverage area may be covered by a single cell. In some contexts (e.g., a carrier aggregation scenario and / or multi-connectivity scenario) , the terms “cell” or “serving cell” may refer to or correspond to a specific carrier frequency (e.g., a component carrier) used for wireless communications, and a “cell group” may refer to or correspond to multiple carriers used for wireless communications. As examples, in a carrier aggregation scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple (serving) cells in the same cell group, and in a multi-connectivity (e.g., dual connectivity) scenario, a UE may communicate on multiple component carriers corresponding to multiple cell groups.
[0049] While BSs 102 are depicted in various aspects as unitary communications devices, BSs 102 may be implemented in various configurations. For example, one or more components of a base station may be disaggregated, including a central unit (CU) , one or more DUs, one or more RUs, a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC, to name a few examples. In another example, various aspects of a base station may be virtualized. A base station (e.g., BS 102) may include components that are located at a single physical location or components located at various physical locations. In examples in which a base station includes components that are located at various physical locations, the various components may each perform functions such that, collectively, the various components achieve functionality that is similar to a base station that is located at a single physical location. Implementing a base station in this fashion may provide efficiency gains by enabling cloud-based implementation of certain (e.g., non-time-sensitive) higher-layer functions while physical-layer or other lower-layer functions can be implemented at or in proximity to a geographic coverage area of a corresponding cell. In some aspects, a base station including components that are located at various physical locations may be referred to as having a disaggregated RAN architecture, such as an Open RAN (O-RAN) or Virtualized RAN (VRAN) architecture. FIG. 2 depicts and describes an example disaggregated RAN architecture.
[0050] Different BSs 102 within wireless communications network 100 may also be configured to support different radio access technologies, such as 3G, 4G, 5G, and / or 6G. For example, BSs 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) ) may interface with the EPC 160 through first backhaul links 132 (e.g., an S1 interface) . BSs 102 configured for 5G (e.g., 5G NR or Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) may interface with 5GC 190 through second backhaul links 184. BSs 102 may communicate directly or indirectly (e.g., through the EPC 160 or 5GC 190) with each other over third backhaul links 134 (e.g., an X2 or XN interface) , which may be wired or wireless.
[0051] Wireless communications network 100 may subdivide the electromagnetic spectrum into various classes, bands, channels, or other features. In some aspects, the subdivision is provided based on wavelength and frequency, where frequency may also be referred to as a carrier, a subcarrier, a frequency channel, a tone, or a subband. For example, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 1 (FR1) as including 410 MHz –7125 MHz, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as “Sub-6 GHz” . Similarly, 3GPP currently defines Frequency Range 2 (FR2) as including 24, 250 MHz –71, 000 MHz, which is sometimes referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” ( “mmW” or “mmWave” ) . In some cases, FR2 may be further defined in terms of sub-ranges, such as a first sub-range FR2-1 including 24, 250 MHz –52, 600 MHz and a second sub-range FR2-2 including 52, 600 MHz –71, 000 MHz. A base station configured to communicate using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., a mmWave base station such as BS 180) may utilize beamforming (e.g., 182) with a UE (e.g., 104) to improve path loss and range.
[0052] A communications links 120 may be through one or more carriers, which may have different bandwidths (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz, 400 MHz, and / or other bandwidths) , and which may be aggregated in various aspects. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) .
[0053] Communications using higher frequency bands may have higher path loss and a shorter range compared to lower frequency communications. Accordingly, certain base stations (e.g., base station 180 in FIG. 1) may utilize beamforming (indicated by reference number 182) with a UE 104 to improve path loss and range. For example, BS 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming. In some cases, BS 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182′. UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the BS 180 in one or more receive directions 182″. UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the BS 180 in one or more transmit directions 182″. BS 180 may also receive the beamformed signal from UE 104 in one or more receive directions 182′. BS 180 and UE 104 may perform beam training to determine suitable receive and transmit directions for each of BS 180 and UE 104. Notably, the transmit and receive directions for BS 180 may or may not be the same. Similarly, the transmit and receive directions for UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0054] Wireless communications network 100 may include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communications links 154 in, for example, a 2.4 GHz and / or 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum.
[0055] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communications link 158. D2D communications link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) . D2D communications link 158 may be implemented using a variety of technologies, such as a radio access technology (e.g., 5G, ProSe sidelink) , a WiFi technology, a Bluetooth technology, or the like.
[0056] EPC 160 may include various functional components, such as a Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Serving Gateway 166, a Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, a Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and / or a Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. MME 162 may be in communication with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is a control node that processes signaling between the UEs 104 and the EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management.
[0057] Generally, user Internet protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Serving Gateway 166. Serving gateway 166 is connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176, which may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , a Packet Switched (PS) streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0058] BM-SC 170 may provide functions for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Bearer Services within a public land mobile network (PLMN) , and / or may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions. MBMS Gateway 168 may be used to distribute MBMS traffic to the BSs 102 belonging to a Multicast Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area broadcasting a particular service, and / or may be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related charging information.
[0059] 5GC 190 may include various functional components, such as an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may be in communication with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
[0060] AMF 192 is a control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and 5GC 190. AMF 192 provides, for example, quality of service (QoS) flow and session management.
[0061] IP packets are transferred through UPF 195, which is connected to the IP Services 197. UPF 195 may provide UE IP address allocation as well as other functions for 5GC 190. IP Services 197 may include, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.
[0062] In various aspects, a network entity or network node can be implemented as an aggregated base station, as a disaggregated base station, a component of a base station, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a core network entity, or a sidelink node, to name a few examples.
[0063] FIG. 2 depicts an example disaggregated base station 200 architecture. The disaggregated base station 200 architecture may include one or more CUs 210 that can communicate directly with a core network 220 or other CUs 210 via a backhaul link (such as backhaul link 134) , or indirectly with the core network 220 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 225 via an E2 link, a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 215 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 205, or both) . A CU 210 may communicate with one or more DUs 230 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 230 may communicate with one or more RUs 240 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 240 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links (such as communication link 120) . In some implementations, a UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 240.
[0064] Each of the units, e.g., the CUs 210, the DUs 230, the RUs 240, as well as the Near-RT RICs 225, the Non-RT RICs 215 and the SMO Framework 205, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or a processor or controller providing instructions to the interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally or alternatively, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as a RF transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium.
[0065] In some aspects, the CU 210 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 210. The CU 210 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (e.g., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 210 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 210 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 230 for network control and signaling.
[0066] The DU 230 may be or correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 240. In some aspects, the DU 230 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some aspects, the DU 230 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 230, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 210.
[0067] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 240. In some deployments, an RU 240, controlled by a DU 230, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 240 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communications with the RU (s) 240 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 230. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 230 and the CU 210 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0068] The SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 205 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 290) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 210, DUs 230, RUs 240 and Near-RT RICs 225. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 211, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 205 can communicate directly with one or more DUs 230 and / or one or more RUs 240 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 205 also may include a Non-RT RIC 215 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 205.
[0069] The Non-RT RIC 215 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 225. The Non-RT RIC 215 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 225. The Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 210, one or more DUs 230, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 225.
[0070] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 225, the Non-RT RIC 215 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 225 and may be received at the SMO Framework 205 or the Non-RT RIC 215 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 215 or the Near-RT RIC 225 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 215 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 205 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0071] FIG. 3 depicts aspects of an example BS 102 and a UE 104.
[0072] Generally, BS 102 includes one or more processors (e.g., AI processor 318, transmit processor 320, transmit MIMO processor 330, receive processor 338, and / or controller / processor 340) , one or more antennas 334a-t (collectively, “antenna 334” ) , and one or more transceivers 332a-t (collectively, “transceiver 332” ) , which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 312) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 314) . For example, BS 102 may send and receive data between BS 102 and UE 104. BS 102 includes controller / processor 340, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Note that the BS 102 may have a disaggregated architecture as described herein with respect to FIG. 2. Transceiver 332 may include one or more modulators and one or more demodulators.
[0073] Generally, UE 104 includes one or more processors (e.g., receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, transmit MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380) , one or more antennas 352a-r (collectively, “antenna 352” ) , one or more transceivers 354a-r (collectively, “transceiver 354” ) , and / or other aspects, which enable wireless transmission of data (e.g., retrieved from data source 362) and wireless reception of data (e.g., provided to data sink 360) . UE 104 includes controller / processor 380, which may be configured to implement various functions described herein related to wireless communications. Transceiver 354 may include one or more modulators and one or more demodulators.
[0074] In regards to an example downlink transmission by BS 102, transmit processor 320 may receive data from a data source 312 and / or control information from a controller / processor 340. The control information may be for the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) , physical hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) , physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) , group common PDCCH (GC PDCCH) , and / or others. The data may be for the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , in some examples.
[0075] Transmit processor 320 may process (e.g., encode and symbol map) the data and control information to obtain data symbols and control symbols, respectively. Transmit processor 320 may also generate reference symbols, such as for the primary synchronization signal (PSS) , secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , PBCH demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , and channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0076] Transmit (TX) MIMO processor 330 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide output symbol streams to one or more modulators (MODs) of transceiver 332. The one or more modulators of transceiver 332 may process one or more respective output symbol streams to obtain an output sample stream. The one or more modulators modulator may further process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a downlink signal. Downlink signals from the one or more modulators of transceiver 332 may be transmitted via antenna 334, respectively.
[0077] In order to receive the downlink transmission at UE 104 (or a sidelink transmission from another UE 104) , antenna 352 may receive the downlink signals and may provide received signals to one or more demodulators (DEMODs) in transceiver 354, respectively. Each of the one or more demodulators may condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and digitize) a respective received signal to obtain input samples. Each demodulator may further process the input samples to obtain received symbols.
[0078] RX MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from the one or more demodulators of transceiver 354, perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and provide detected symbols. Receive processor 358 may process (e.g., demodulate, de-interleave, and decode) the detected symbols, provide decoded data for the UE 104 to a data sink 360, and provide decoded control information to a controller / processor 380.
[0079] In regards to an example uplink transmission or a sidelink transmission from UE 104, the transmit processor 364 may receive and process data (e.g., for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) ) from a data source 362 and control information (e.g., for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) from the controller / processor 380. Transmit processor 364 may also generate reference symbols for a reference signal (e.g., for a sounding reference signal (SRS) , a demodulation reference signal, a phase tracking reference signal, or the like) . The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by a TX MIMO processor 366 if applicable, further processed by one or more modulators of transceiver 354 (e.g., for SC-FDM) , and transmitted to BS 102.
[0080] At BS 102, the uplink signals from UE 104 may be received by antenna 334, processed by one or more demodulators of transceiver 332, detected by a RX MIMO detector 336 if applicable, and further processed by a receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and control information sent by UE 104. Receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 314 and the decoded control information to the controller / processor 340.
[0081] Memories 342 and 382 may store data and program codes for BS 102 and UE 104, respectively.
[0082] Scheduler 344 may schedule UEs for data transmission on the downlink and / or uplink.
[0083] In various aspects, BS 102 may be described as transmitting or receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 312, scheduler 344, memory 342, transmit processor 320, controller / processor 340, TX MIMO processor 330, transceivers 332a-t, antenna 334a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 334a-t, transceivers 332a-t, RX MIMO detector 336, controller / processor 340, receive processor 338, scheduler 344, memory 342, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0084] In various aspects, UE 104 may likewise be described as transmitting or receiving various types of data associated with the methods described herein. In these contexts, “transmitting” may refer to various mechanisms of outputting data, such as outputting data from data source 362, memory 382, transmit processor 364, controller / processor 380, TX MIMO processor 366, transceivers 354a-t, antenna 352a-t, and / or other aspects described herein. Similarly, “receiving” may refer to various mechanisms of obtaining data, such as obtaining data from antennas 352a-t, transceivers 354a-t, RX MIMO detector 356, controller / processor 380, receive processor 358, memory 382, and / or other aspects described herein.
[0085] In some aspects, a processor may be configured to perform various operations, such as those associated with the methods described herein, and transmit (output) to or receive (obtain) data from another interface that is configured to transmit or receive, respectively, the data.
[0086] In various aspects, AI processors 318 and 370 may perform AI processing for BS 102 and / or UE 104, respectively. The AI processor 318 may include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry such as one or more neural processing units (NPUs) , one or more neural network processors, one or more tensor processors, one or more deep learning processors, etc. The AI processor 370 may likewise include AI accelerator hardware or circuitry. As an example, the AI processor 370 may perform AI-based beam management, AI-based channel state feedback (CSF) , AI-based antenna tuning, and / or AI-based positioning (e.g., non-line of sight positioning prediction) . In some cases, the AI processor 318 may process feedback from the UE 104 (e.g., CSF) using hardware accelerated AI inferences and / or AI training. The AI processor 318 may decode compressed CSF from the UE 104, for example, using a hardware accelerated AI inference associated with the CSF. In certain cases, the AI processor 318 may perform certain RAN-based functions including, for example, network planning, network performance management, energy-efficient network operations, etc.
[0087] FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D depict aspects of data structures for a wireless communications network, such as wireless communications network 100 of FIG. 1.
[0088] FIG. 4A is a diagram 400 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G (e.g., 5G NR) frame structure, FIG. 4B is a diagram 430 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G subframe, FIG. 4C is a diagram 450 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G frame structure, and FIG. 4D is a diagram 480 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G subframe.
[0089] Wireless communications systems may utilize orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with a cyclic prefix (CP) on the uplink and downlink. Such systems may also support half-duplex operation using time division duplexing (TDD) . OFDM and single-carrier frequency division multiplexing (SC-FDM) partition the system bandwidth (e.g., as depicted in FIGS. 4B and 4D) into multiple orthogonal subcarriers. One or more subcarriers may be modulated with data. Modulation symbols may be sent in the frequency domain with OFDM and / or in the time domain with SC-FDM.
[0090] In some examples, a wireless communications frame structure may be implemented using frequency division duplexing (FDD) . In FDD, some subcarriers may be configured for DL communication and other subcarriers (which may overlap the DL subcarriers in time) may be configured for UL communication. In some other examples, wireless communications frame structures may be implemented using time division duplexing (TDD) . In TDD, for a particular set of subcarriers, some subframes are configured for DL communication and other subframes are configured for UL communication.
[0091] In FIGs. 4A and 4C, the wireless communications frame structure is implemented using TDD. “D” indicates DL time resources, “U” indicates UL time resources, and “X” indicates flexible time resources for use or later reconfiguration for either DL or UL communication. UEs may be configured with a slot format through a received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . In the depicted examples, a 10 ms frame is divided into 10 equally sized 1 ms subframes. Each subframe may include one or more time slots. In some examples, each slot may include 12 or 14 symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP) type (e.g., 12 symbols per slot for an extended CP or 14 symbols per slot for a normal CP) . Subframes may also include mini-slots, which generally have fewer symbols than an entire slot. Other wireless communications technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels.
[0092] In certain aspects, the number of slots within a subframe (e.g., a slot duration in a subframe) is based on a numerology. A numerology may define a frequency domain subcarrier spacing and symbol duration, and may be configured for a given bandwidth part, carrier, cell, or network entity. In certain aspects, given a numerology μ, there are 2μ slots per subframe. Thus, numerologies (μ) 0 to 6 may allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 slots, respectively, per subframe. In some cases, an extended CP (e.g., 12 symbols per slot) may be used with a specific numerology, such as numerology μ = 2 allowing for 4 slots per subframe. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration are a function of the numerology. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ×15 kHz. As an example, the numerology μ=0 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, and the numerology μ=6 corresponds to a subcarrier spacing of 960 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D provide an example of a slot format having 14 symbols per slot (e.g., a normal CP) and a numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. In such a case, the slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs.
[0093] As depicted in FIGS. 4A, 4B, 4C, and 4D, a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB) ) that extends across, for example, 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . An RE may include a single subcarrier in the frequency domain and a single symbol in the time domain. The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme including, for example, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
[0094] As illustrated in FIG. 4A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (shown as “RS” ) for a UE (e.g., UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) . The RS may include a demodulation RS (DMRS) and / or a channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may additionally or alternatively include a beam measurement RS (BRS) , a beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and / or a phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0095] FIG. 4B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including, for example, nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including, for example, four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
[0096] A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE (e.g., 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3) to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
[0097] A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing.
[0098] Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the aforementioned DMRS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (SSB) , and in some cases, referred to as a synchronization signal block (SSB) .. The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and / or paging messages.
[0099] As illustrated in FIG. 4C, some of the REs carry DMRS (indicated as “R” for one particular configuration, but other DMRS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DMRS for the PUCCH and DMRS for the PUSCH. The PUSCH DMRS may be transmitted, for example, in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DMRS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. UE 104 may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted, for example, in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0100] FIG. 4D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and HARQ ACK / NACK feedback. The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0101] FIG. 5 illustrates example operations 500 for radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment and beam management. As shown, at block 502, a UE may initially be in an RRC idle state (or an RRC inactivate state) . An RRC idle state is a state of a UE where the UE is switched on and does not have any established RRC connection (e.g., an assigned communication link) to the RAN. The RRC idle state allows the UE to reduce battery power consumption, for example, relative to an RRC connected state. For example, in the RRC idle state, the UE may periodically monitor for paging from the RAN. The UE may be in an RRC idle state when the UE does not have data to be transmitted or received. In an RRC connected state, the UE is connected to the RAN and radio resources are allocated to the UE. In some cases, the UE is actively communicating with the RAN when in the RRC connected state.
[0102] In order to perform data transfer and / or make / receive calls, the UE establishes a connection with the RAN using an initial access procedure, at block 504. For example, the UE establishes a connection to a particular serving cell of the RAN. The initial access procedure is a sequence of processes performed between the UE and the RAN to establish the RRC connection. For example, the UE may initiate a random access procedure that includes an RRC setup request or an RRC connection request. The UE may be in an RRC connected state subsequent to establishing the connection.
[0103] In some cases, the UE may perform beam management operations at block 506 in response to entering the RRC connected state. Beam management operations includes a set of operations used to determine certain receive beam (s) and / or transmit beams that can be used wireless communications (e.g., transmission and / or reception at the UE) . The beam management may include certain P1, P2, and / or P3 beam management procedures further described herein in connection with FIG. 6.
[0104] Beam management procedures may further include beam failure detection operations at block 508 and beam failure recovery operations at block 510. For example, a UE may detect a beam failure when a L1-RSRP for a connected beam falls below a certain limit (e.g., a limit corresponding to a BLER) . In response to detecting beam failure at block 508, the UE identifies a candidate beam suitable for communication and performs beam failure recovery (BFR) . For example, the UE may send, to the RAN, a request to switch to the candidate beam for communications. In some cases, the UE may send the beam switch request via a random access procedure using the candidate beam. The RAN may activate the candidate beam or a different beam at the UE. If the BFR is not successful, the UE may declare a radio link failure (RLF) for the serving cell, at block 512. In response to RLF, the UE may perform a cell reselection process to establish a communication link on a different serving cell.
[0105] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating examples 600, 610, and 620 of beam management procedures. As shown in FIG. 6, examples 600, 610, and 620 include a UE 104 in communication with a BS 102 in a wireless network (e.g., wireless communications network 100 in FIG. 1) . However, the devices shown in FIG. 6 are provided as examples, and the wireless network may support communication and beam management between other devices (e.g., between a UE 104 and a network entity, a UE 104 and a transmission reception point (TRP) , between a mobile termination node and a control node, between an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) child node and an IAB parent node, between a scheduled node and a scheduling node, and / or the like) . In some aspects, the UE 104 and the BS 102 are in a connected state (e.g., RRC connected state and / or the like) .
[0106] BS 102 and UE 104 may communicate to perform beam management using reference signals (RSs) (e.g., synchronization (SSBs) , demodulation reference signals (DM-RSs) , channel state information reference signals (CSI-RSs) , etc. ) .
[0107] Example 600 depicts a first beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P1 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The first beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam selection procedure, an initial beam acquisition procedure, a beam sweeping procedure, a cell search procedure, a beam search procedure, and / or the like. In example 600, reference signals are configured to be transmitted from the BS 102 to UE 104. The reference signals may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using media access control (MAC) control element (MAC-CE) signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using downlink control information (DCI) ) .
[0108] As illustrated, the first beam management procedure may include BS 102 performing beam sweeping over multiple transmit (TX) beams 602. A transmit beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device (e.g., a BS 102 and / or UE 104) for transmitting signals. For example, BS 102 may transmit a reference signal using each of the transmit beams 602 associated with BS 102 for beam management. To enable UE 104 to perform receive (RX) beam sweeping, BS 102 uses a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) each reference signal at multiple times within a same resource set to enable UE 104 to sweep through receive beams 604 in multiple transmission instances. A receive beam is a beam that is used by a wireless communication device for receiving signals. For example, if BS 102 has a set of N transmit beams 602 and UE 104 has a set of M receive beams 604, then the reference signal may be transmitted on each of the N transmit beams 602 M times such that UE 104 receives M instances of the reference signals per transmit beam. As a result, the first beam management procedure helps to enable UE 104 to measure a reference signal on different transmit beams, using different receive beams, to support the selection of a receive beam for a transmit beam. UE 104 may report the measurements to BS 102 to enable BS 102 to select one or more beam pair (s) for communication between BS 102 and UE 104, as further described herein with respect to channel state feedback corresponding to receive beam hypotheses.
[0109] Example 610, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a second beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P2 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The second beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a BS beam refinement procedure, a TRP beam refinement procedure, a transmit beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0110] As illustrated, the second beam management procedure includes BS 102 performing beam sweeping over one or more transmit beams 612. The transmit beam (s) 612 may be a subset of all transmit beams associated with BS 102 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure) . BS 102 transmits a reference signal using each of the transmit beam (s) 612. UE 104 measures each reference signal using a single (e.g., a same) receive beam 614 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure) . As such, the second beam management procedure may enable BS 102 to select a best transmit beam based on measurements of the reference signals (e.g., measured by UE 104 using the single receive beam 614) reported by UE 104.
[0111] Example 620, illustrated in FIG. 6, depicts a third beam management procedure (e.g., such as a P3 CSI-RS beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure may be referred to as a beam refinement procedure, a UE beam refinement procedure, a receive beam refinement procedure, and / or the like.
[0112] As illustrated, the third beam management procedure includes BS 102 transmitting one or more reference signals using a single transmit beam 622 (e.g., determined based, at least in part, on measurements reported by UE 104 in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . To enable UE 104 to perform receive beam sweeping, BS 102 may use a transmit beam to transmit (e.g., with repetitions) reference signals at multiple times within a same resource set such that UE 104 can sweep through one or more receive beams 624 in multiple transmission instances. The receive beam (s) 624 may be a subset of all receive beams associated with UE 104 (e.g., determined based on measurements performed in connection with the first beam management procedure and / or the second beam management procedure) . The third beam management procedure helps to enable BS 102 and / or UE 104 to select a best receive beam based on reported measurements received from UE 104 (e.g., of the reference signal of the transmit beam using the one or more receive beams) .
[0113] FIG. 6 is provided as an example of beam management procedures for determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications between a UE and a network entity. Other examples of beam management procedures that differ from what is described with respect to FIG. 6, however, may be considered when determining transmit beam (s) and / or receive beam (s) for wireless communications. Furthermore, in some examples, the operations of FIG. 6 may be performed using values derived from SINR based beam prediction. For example, the UE 104 or BS 102 may use an SINR prediction to select or refine a beam.
[0114] Certain aspects described herein may be implemented, at least in part, using some form of AI, e.g., the process of using a ML model to infer or predict output data based on input data. An example ML model may include a mathematical representation of one or more relationships among various objects to provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences. Once an ML model has been trained, the ML model may be deployed to process data that may be similar to, or associated with, all or part of the training data and provide an output representing one or more predictions or inferences based on the input data.
[0115] AI / ML techniques have been introduced to help reduce the complexity involved in beam selection and the overhead associated with beam management without sacrificing system performance. For example, with the help of ML techniques, beam selection may be performed in a fraction of the time taken by conventional exhaustive search methods and with performance comparable to that of such methods.
[0116] In certain aspects, an ML model is deployed at or on a UE (e.g., such as UE 104 in FIG. 1) , for example, for purposes of spatial domain (SD) , temporal domain (TD) , and / or frequency domain (FD) beam prediction. The TD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of time, rather than frequency. The FD refers to the analytic space in which signals are conveyed in terms of frequency, rather than time. A scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict SD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 1, or simply “BM-Case1. ” Additionally, a scenario where the ML model, at or on the UE, is used to predict TD downlink beams for a set of A-beams based on the historic measurement results of a set of B-beams may be referred to as a beam management case 2, or simply “BM-Case2. ” In general, ML may be used to predict characteristics associated with the set of A-beams, and the set of B-beams may be used for DL beam measurements as input data for the ML. For BM-Case1 and BM-Case2, the beams in the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams may be in the same Frequency Range (e.g., FR1 and / or FR2) . In some cases, the set of B-beams may be a subset of the set of A-beams. There may be any number of beams in each of the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams. There may be quasi-colocation (QCL) relationships between the set of A-beams and the set of B-beams. A QCL relationship may be associated with a source signal and a target signal. The QCL relationship may indicate that a spatial configuration (e.g., a spatial transmit filter or another QCL parameter) for the target signal is to be derived from (e.g., is to be the same as) a corresponding spatial configuration for the source signal.
[0117] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating example beam prediction 700 by a UE 104. In this example, an ML model 710 is deployed at or on UE 104 to enable UE 104 to make one or more beam predictions based on data input to ML model 710. In some aspects, the ML model 710 may correspond to a functionality (e.g., a beam prediction functionality) .
[0118] A network entity (e.g., a base station or any disaggregated entity thereof) may transmit one or more signals (e.g., SSB (s) , DM-RS (s) , CSI-RS (s) ) , via a first set of transmit beams 704, in a first set of communication resources (e.g., an SSB resource, a DM-RS resource, and / or a CSI-RS resource) . The UE 104 may perform measurements (e.g., L1-RSRP measurements, signal measurements, I / N measurements, and / or other measurements) of the one or more signals transmitted in the first set of communication resources, or a subset thereof, to obtain input data, which may include a first set of measurements 712 (sometimes referred to as parameters, channel characteristics, or channel properties) . For example, each transmit beam 704 (or a subset thereof) , from the first set of beams carrying the one or more signals, may be associated with one or more measurements 712 performed by UE 104. UE 104 may feed the first set of measurements 712 (e.g., L1 RSRP measurement values, signal measurement values, I / N measurement values) into the ML model 710. The UE 104 may further feed information associated with the first set of beams and / or first set of communication resources (or a subset thereof) . The information associated with the first set of beams may include a beam direction (e.g., a spatial direction) , beam width, beam shape, and / or other characteristics of the respective beam.
[0119] The ML model 710 may provide output data, for example, including one or more predictions regarding one or more prediction targets. More specifically, ML model 710 may provide one or more predicted measurement values 714 for the one or more prediction targets. The one or more prediction targets may be or may indicate a second set of communication resources associated with a second set of transmit beams 706. The one or more measurement values 714 may include predicted channel characteristics (e.g., predicted L1-RSRP measurement values, signal predictions, I / N predictions, L1-SINR predictions) associated with the second set of communication resources, where the second set of communication resources are associated with the one or more prediction targets (e.g., the second set of transmit beams 706) .
[0120] In some examples, the first set of beams 704 (e.g., that are measured) may be referred to as “Set B beams” and the set of prediction targets corresponding to or including the second set of beams 706 (e.g., that are associated with predicted measurements for the second set of communication resources) may be referred to as “Set A beams. ” Put another way, the “Set B beams” are a set of beams for which measurements are taken and used to determine input data based on such measurements for the ML model 710, whereas the “Set A beams” are a set of beams for which ML model 710 performs predictions.
[0121] In some examples, the first set of beams 704 are a subset (e.g., a proper subset) of the second set of beams 706. In some other examples, first set of beams 704 and second set of beams 706 are different beams and / or may be mutually exclusive sets. For example, first set of beams 704 may include wide beams (e.g., unrefined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a first threshold) , and second set of beams 706 may include narrow beams (e.g., refined beams or beams having a beam width that satisfies a second threshold) .
[0122] Use of the ML model 710 for beam prediction may reduce a quantity of beam measurements that are performed by UE 104 (e.g., compared to exhaustive search methods described above with respect to FIG. 6) , thereby conserving power at UE 104 and / or network resources that would have otherwise been used to measure all beams included in at least the first set of beams.
[0123] As another example, an output of the ML model 710 may include a point-direction, an angle of departure (AoD) , and / or an angle of arrival (AoA) of a beam included in the second set of beams (e.g., the “Set A beams” ) . This type of prediction may be referred to as a non-codebook-based SD selection or prediction. The non-codebook-based prediction / selection may be associated with a serving beam refinement, and / or a link quality (e.g., CQI or PMI) and interference adaptation. As another example, multiple measurement reports and / or values, collected at different points in time, may be input to ML model 710. This may enable ML model 710 to output codebook-based and / or non-codebook-based predictions for a measurement value, an AoD, and / or an AoA, among other examples, of a beam at a future time. The output (s) of ML model 710, may facilitate initial access procedures, carrier aggregation (e.g., secondary cell setup) , dual connectivity (e.g., secondary cell group (SCG) setup) , beam refinement procedures (e.g., a P2 beam management procedure and / or a P3 beam management procedure as described above with respect to FIG. 5) , link quality or interference adaptation procedures, beam failure and / or beam blockage predictions, and / or radio link failure predictions, among other examples.
[0124] In certain aspects, an output of ML model 710 may include a temporal beam prediction. The TD beam prediction may be associated with a serving beam refinement, a link quality (e.g., CQI or PMI) and interference adaptation, a beam failure / blockage prediction, and / or a radio link failure (RLF) prediction.
[0125] In certain aspects, ML model 710 performs SD downlink beam predictions for beams included in the “Set A beams” based on measurement results of beams included in the “Set B beams. ” In some aspects, ML model 710 performs TD downlink beam prediction for beams included in the “Set A beams” based on historic measurement results of beams included in the “Set B beams. ”
[0126] FIGS. 8-11 are diagrams of examples 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 of performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. In example 800 of FIG. 8, an SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction 802 and an I / N prediction 804. In example 900 of FIG. 9, an SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction 902 and an I / N prediction 904. Thus, in examples 800 and 900, both a signal component of an L1-SINR and an I / N component of the L1-SINR are predicted, and the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction and an I / N prediction. In example 1000 of FIG. 10, an SINR based beam prediction includes a signal measurement 1002 and an I / N prediction 1004. Thus, in example 1000, only an I / N component of the SINR is predicted and the SINR based beam prediction includes only an I / N prediction. In example 1100 of FIG. 11, an SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction 1102 and an I / N measurement 1104. Thus, in example 1100, only a signal component of the L1-SINR is predicted and the SINR based beam prediction includes only a signal prediction. The SINR based beam prediction of examples 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 may use an ML model or functionality, such as ML model 710.
[0127] As mentioned, FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. The operations of example 800 may be performed by a UE, such as the UE 104 of FIG. 1.
[0128] As shown, the UE may determine a signal prediction 802 and an I / N prediction 804 (for example, using ML model 710) . For example, the UE may predict the signal prediction 802 using one or more first prediction targets 806. As another example, the UE may predict the I / N prediction 804 using one or more second prediction targets 808. The one or more first prediction targets 806 and the one or more second prediction targets 808 may be collectively referred to as a set of prediction targets. The set of prediction targets may comprise, for example, a set of Set A beams, a set of reference signals configured for SINR based beam prediction, a set of spatial configurations corresponding to Set A beams, or the like. In some aspects, the one or more first prediction targets 806 may be associated with a first group of channel measurement resource (CMR) beams (e.g., Set A CMR beams) and the one or more second prediction targets 808 may be associated with a second group of interference measurement resource (IMR) beams (e.g., Set A IMR beams) .
[0129] In some aspects, the one or more first prediction targets 806 may be associated with a first spatial configuration (e.g., a first QCL relationship, a first spatial transmit filter, a first beam configuration) and the one or more second prediction targets 808 may be associated with a second spatial configuration (e.g., a second QCL relationship, a second spatial transmit filter, a second beam configuration) . In some aspects, the first spatial configuration may be different than the second spatial configuration. Thus, a signal power and an I / N power may be predicted via different sets of Set-A beams, which may be referred to herein as Condition 1A.
[0130] In some aspects, the one or more first prediction targets 806 may be associated with the one or more second prediction targets 808. For example, the one or more first prediction targets 806 and the one or more second prediction targets 808 may be paired for SINR determination or SINR based beam prediction such that signal predictions on the one or more first prediction targets 806 and I / N predictions on the one or more second prediction targets 806 are combined to determine a predicted SINR. This association may be defined according to signaling received from and transmitted by a network entity (e.g., BS 102) or according to a definition in a wireless communication specification. A first prediction target 806 and a paired, second prediction target 808 may be referred to as a resource pair. “Resource pair” can also refer to a prediction target that is paired with an assistance RS.
[0131] As shown, the UE may determine a performance metric using a first set of assistance reference signals (RSs) 810 and a second set of assistance RSs 812. For example, the UE may perform a signal measurement on the first set of assistance RSs 810 and an I / N measurement on the second set of assistance RSs 812. In some aspects, the first set of assistance RSs 810 and / or the second set of assistance RSs 812 may include one or more CSI-RSs. In some aspects, the UE may receive an indication of the first set of assistance reference signals 810 and / or the second set of assistance reference signals 812. For example, the UE may be scheduled (by a network entity such as BS 102) with the first set of assistance RSs 810 and / or the second set of assistance RSs 812.
[0132] In some aspects, the first set of assistance RSs 810 may be associated with a first spatial configuration and the second set of assistance RSs 812 may be associated with a second spatial configuration. For example, the first set of assistance RSs 810 and the one or more first prediction targets 806 may be associated with the first spatial configuration. As another example, the second set of assistance RSs 812 and the one or more second prediction targets 808 may be associated with the second spatial configuration. As mentioned, in some aspects, the first spatial configuration may be different than the second spatial configuration. Thus, the first set of assistance RSs 810 may have the same spatial configuration as the one or more first prediction targets 806, and the second set of assistance RSs 812 may have the same spatial configuration as the one or more second prediction targets 808. In some aspects, the first set of assistance RSs 810 may be associated with the one or more first prediction targets 806. For example, the first set of assistance RSs 810 may be indicated as assistance RSs for SINR based beam prediction performance monitoring with regard to the one or more first prediction targets 806. In some aspects, the second set of assistance RSs 812 may be associated with the one or more second prediction targets 808. For example, the second set of assistance RSs 812 may be indicated as assistance RSs for SINR based beam prediction performance monitoring with regard to the one or more second prediction targets 808.
[0133] The UE may determine an SINR value (such as an actually measured L1-SINR value) using the first set of assistance RSs 810 and the second set of assistance RSs 812. For example, the UE may use a measured signal strength of the first set of assistance RSs 810 and a measured I / N strength of the second set of assistance RSs 812 to generate the SINR value. The first set of assistance RSs 810 and the second set of assistant RSs 812 may be collectively referred to as one or more assistance RSs, and the signal measurement on the first set of assistance RSs 810 and the I / N measurement on the second set of assistance RSs 812 may be collectively referred to as a measurement of the one or more assistance RSs.
[0134] As shown, the UE may generate a performance metric 814 using the measurement of the one or more assistance RSs. The performance metric 814 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction. For example, the performance metric 814 may provide an indication of performance or accuracy of the SINR based beam prediction that used the set of prediction targets. As another example, the performance metric 814 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction in that the performance metric 814 was determined using the one or more assistance RSs, and the one or more assistance RSs are associated with the set of prediction targets (including the one or more first prediction targets 806 and the one or more second prediction targets 808) used to perform the SINR based beam prediction.
[0135] In some aspects, an assistance RS (such as the second set of assistance RSs 812, in this example) may be configured as a repetition RS, as indicated by reference numbers 816a, 816b, and 816c (where reference number 816a indicates a first repetition, reference number 816b indicates a second repetition, and reference number 816c indicates a third repetition) . A repetition RS may include multiple repetitions (e.g., transmissions) of an RS. For example, a CSI-RS configured as a repetition RS may be transmitted multiple times. In some aspects, an assistance RS may be configured as a repetition RS when a prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS is mapped to multiple prediction targets. For example, the prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS may be associated with a signal prediction, and the signal prediction may be used, in connection with multiple I / N predictions corresponding to multiple prediction targets, to determine multiple SINR based beam predictions. As another example, the prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS may be associated with an I / N prediction, and the I / N prediction may be used, in connection with multiple signal predictions corresponding to multiple prediction targets, to determine multiple SINR based beam predictions. In this case, the UE may be scheduled with multiple repetitions of an assistance RS corresponding to the prediction target that is mapped to multiple prediction targets. For example, the UE may be scheduled with a number of assistance RS repetitions that is equal to a number of prediction targets of the multiple prediction targets. In some aspects, the number of assistance RS repetitions (e.g., the repetition RS) may all use the same spatial configuration. In some other aspects, different assistance RS repetitions may use different spatial configurations. For example, each assistance RS repetition may use a same spatial configuration as a corresponding prediction target of the multiple prediction targets. Thus, different receive beams suitable for different prediction targets of the multiple prediction targets may be used to determine performance metrics for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0136] The UE may perform an action using the performance metric 814, which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 12.
[0137] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 of performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. The operations of example 900 may be performed by a UE, such as the UE 104 of FIG. 1.
[0138] As shown, the UE may determine a signal prediction 902 and an I / N prediction 904 (for example, using ML model 710) . For example, the UE may predict both the signal prediction 902 and the I / N prediction 904 using a set of prediction targets 906. The set of prediction targets 906. The set of prediction targets 906 may comprise, for example, a set of Set A beams, a set of reference signals configured for SINR based beam prediction, a set of spatial configurations corresponding to Set A beams, or the like. In some aspects, the set of prediction targets 906 may be associated with a group of CMR beams (e.g., Set A CMR beams) and a group of IMR beams (e.g., Set A IMR beams) . In some aspects, a prediction target of the set of prediction targets 906 may comprise both a CMR and an IMR. Thus, a signal power and an I / N power may be predicted via a same set of Set-A beams, which may be referred to herein as Condition 1B.
[0139] As shown, the UE may determine a performance metric 910 using a set of assistance RSs 908. For example, the UE may perform a signal measurement and an I / N measurement on the set of assistance RSs 908. In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 908 may include one or more CSI-RSs. In some aspects, the UE may receive an indication of the set of assistance reference signals 908. For example, the UE may be scheduled (by a network entity such as BS 102) with the set of assistance RSs 908.
[0140] In some aspects, the first set of assistance RSs 908 may be associated with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets 906 (e.g., each assistance RS of the set of assistance RSs 908 may be associated with a same spatial configuration as a respective prediction target of the set of prediction targets 906) . In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 908 may be associated with the set of prediction targets 906. For example, the set of assistance RSs 908 may be indicated as assistance RSs for SINR based beam prediction performance monitoring with regard to the set of prediction targets 906.
[0141] The UE may determine an SINR value (such as an actually measured L1-SINR value) using the set of assistance RSs 908. For example, the UE may use a measured signal strength of the set of assistance RSs 908 and a measured I / N strength of the set of assistance RSs 908 to generate the SINR value. The set of assistance RSs 908 may be referred to as one or more assistance RSs, and the signal measurement and the I / N measurement on the set of assistance RSs 908 may be collectively referred to as a measurement of the one or more assistance RSs.
[0142] As shown, the UE may generate a performance metric 910 using the measurement of the one or more assistance RSs. The performance metric 910 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction. For example, the performance metric 910 may provide an indication of performance or accuracy of the SINR based beam prediction that used the set of prediction targets 906. As another example, the performance metric 910 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction in that the performance metric 910 was determined using the one or more assistance RSs, and the one or more assistance RSs are associated with the set of prediction targets 906 used to perform the SINR based beam prediction.
[0143] The UE may perform an action using the performance metric 910, which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 12.
[0144] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 of performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. The operations of example 1000 may be performed by a UE, such as the UE 104 of FIG. 1. Example 1000 differs from examples 800 and 900 at least in that, in example 1000, the UE determines an SINR based beam prediction using a signal measurement 1002 and an I / N prediction 1004. For example, the UE may measure the signal strength for the signal component of the SINR based beam prediction, and may predict the I / N component of the SINR based beam prediction.
[0145] As shown, the UE may determine a signal measurement 1002. For example, the UE may measure a set of RSs 1006 to determine the signal measurement 1002. In some aspects, as shown, the set of RSs 1006 may correspond to CMRs. For example, the set of RSs 1006 may include a set of CSI-RSs or SSBs that are associated with (e.g., transmitted on) a set of CMRs.
[0146] As shown, the UE may determine an I / N prediction 1004 (for example, using ML model 710) . For example, the UE may predict the I / N prediction 1004 using a set of prediction targets 1008. The set of prediction targets 1008 may comprise, for example, a set of Set A beams, a set of reference signals configured for SINR based beam prediction, a set of spatial configurations corresponding to Set A beams, or the like. In some aspects, the set of prediction targets 1008 may be associated with a group of IMR beams (e.g., Set A IMR beams) . Thus, a signal power may be measured and an I / N power may be predicted, which may be referred to herein as Condition 2.
[0147] In some aspects, the set of RSs 1006 may be associated with a first spatial configuration and the set of prediction targets 1008 may be associated with a second spatial configuration. In some aspects, the first spatial configuration may be different than the second spatial configuration.
[0148] In some aspects, the set of RSs 1006 may be associated with the set of prediction targets 1008. For example, the set of RSs 1006 and the set of prediction targets 1008 may be paired for L1-SINR determination or SINR based beam prediction, such as according to signaling received from and transmitted by a network entity (e.g., BS 102) or according to a definition in a wireless communication specification.
[0149] As shown, the UE may determine a performance metric using a set of assistance RSs 1010. For example, the UE may use the signal measurement 1002 and an I / N measurement on the set of assistance RSs 1010 to determine the performance metric. In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1010 may include one or more CSI-RSs, one or more SSBs, or the like. In some aspects, the UE may receive an indication of the set of assistance reference signals 1010. For example, the UE may be scheduled (by a network entity such as BS 102) with the set of assistance RSs 1010.
[0150] In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1010 may be associated with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets 1008. In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1010 may be associated with the set of prediction targets 1008. For example, the set of assistance RSs 1010 may be indicated as assistance RSs for SINR based beam prediction performance monitoring with regard to the set of prediction targets 1008.
[0151] The UE may determine an SINR value (such as an actually measured L1-SINR value) using the set of assistance RSs 1010. For example, the UE may use a measured signal strength (comprising or derived from the signal measurement 1002) and a measured I / N strength of the set of assistance RSs 1010 to generate the L1-SINR value. The set of assistance RSs 1010 may be referred to as one or more assistance RSs, and I / N measurement on the set of assistance RSs 1010 may be referred to as a measurement of the one or more assistance RSs.
[0152] As shown, the UE may generate a performance metric 1012 using the measurement of the one or more assistance RSs. The performance metric 1012 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction. For example, the performance metric 1012 may provide an indication of performance or accuracy of the SINR based beam prediction that used the set of prediction targets. As another example, the performance metric 1012 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction in that the performance metric 1012 was determined using the one or more assistance RSs, and the one or more assistance RSs are associated with the set of prediction targets 1008 used to perform the SINR based beam prediction.
[0153] In some aspects, an assistance RS (such as the set of assistance RSs 1010, in this example) may be configured as a repetition RS, as indicated by reference numbers 1014a, 1014b, and 1014c. A repetition RS may include multiple repetitions (e.g., transmissions) of an RS. For example, a CSI-RS configured as a repetition RS may be transmitted multiple times. In some aspects, an assistance RS may be configured as a repetition RS when a prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS is mapped to multiple prediction targets. For example, the prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS may be associated with an I / N prediction, and the I / N prediction may be used, in connection with multiple signal measurements corresponding to multiple RSs of the set of RSs 1006, to determine multiple SINR based beam predictions. In this case, the UE may be scheduled with multiple repetitions of an assistance RS corresponding to the prediction target that is mapped to multiple signal measurements. For example, the UE may be scheduled with a number of assistance RS repetitions that is equal to a number of signal measurements of the multiple signal measurements. In some aspects, the number of assistance RS repetitions (e.g., the repetition RS) may all use the same spatial configuration. In some other aspects, different assistance RS repetitions may use different spatial configurations. For example, each assistance RS repetition may use a same spatial configuration as a corresponding signal measurement of the multiple signal measurements. Thus, different receive beams suitable for different prediction targets of the multiple prediction targets may be used to determine performance metrics for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0154] The UE may perform an action using the performance metric 1012, which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 12.
[0155] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 of performance metric determination for SINR based beam prediction. The operations of example 1100 may be performed by a UE, such as the UE 104 of FIG. 1. In example 1100, the UE may measure a power of interference and noise for the I / N component of the SINR based beam prediction, and may predict the signal component of the SINR based beam prediction.
[0156] As shown, the UE may determine a signal prediction 1102 (for example, using ML model 710) . For example, the UE may predict the signal prediction 1102 using a set of prediction targets 1106. The set of prediction targets 1106 may comprise, for example, a set of Set A beams, a set of reference signals configured for SINR based beam prediction, a set of spatial configurations corresponding to Set A beams, or the like. In some aspects, the set of prediction targets 1106 may be associated with a group of CMR beams (e.g., Set A CMR beams) . As further shown, the UE may determine an I / N measurement 1104. For example, the UE may measure a set of RSs 1108 to determine the I / N measurement 1104. In some aspects, as shown, the set of RSs 1108 may correspond to IMRs. For example, the set of RSs 1108 may include a set of CSI-RSs or SSBs that are associated with (e.g., transmitted on) a set of IMRs. Thus, a signal power may be predicted and an I / N power may be measured, which may be referred to herein as Condition 3.
[0157] In some aspects, the set of RSs 1108 may be associated with a first spatial configuration and the set of prediction targets 1106 may be associated with a second spatial configuration. In some aspects, the first spatial configuration may be different than the second spatial configuration.
[0158] In some aspects, the set of RSs 1108 may be associated with the set of prediction targets 1106. For example, the set of RSs 1108 and the set of prediction targets 1106 may be paired for L1-SINR determination or SINR based beam prediction, such as according to signaling received from and transmitted by a network entity (e.g., BS 102) or according to a definition in a wireless communication specification.
[0159] As shown, the UE may determine a performance metric using a set of assistance RSs 1110. For example, the UE may use the I / N measurement 1104 and a signal measurement on the set of assistance RSs 1110 to determine the performance metric. In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1110 may include one or more CSI-RSs, one or more SSBs, or the like. In some aspects, the UE may receive an indication of the set of assistance reference signals 1110. For example, the UE may be scheduled (by a network entity such as BS 102) with the set of assistance RSs 1110.
[0160] In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1110 may be associated with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets 1106. In some aspects, the set of assistance RSs 1110 may be associated with the set of prediction targets 1106. For example, the set of assistance RSs 1110 may be indicated as assistance RSs for SINR based beam prediction performance monitoring with regard to the set of prediction targets 1106.
[0161] The UE may determine an L1-SINR value (such as an actually measured L1-SINR value) using the set of assistance RSs 1110. For example, the UE may use a measured I / N strength (comprising or derived from the I / N measurement 1104) and a measured signal strength of the set of assistance RSs 1110 to generate the L1-SINR value. The set of assistance RSs 1110 may be referred to as one or more assistance RSs, and I / N measurement on the set of assistance RSs 1110 may be referred to as a measurement of the one or more assistance RSs.
[0162] As shown, the UE may generate a performance metric 1112 using the measurement of the one or more assistance RSs. The performance metric 1112 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction. For example, the performance metric 1112 may provide an indication of performance or accuracy of the SINR based beam prediction that used the set of prediction targets. As another example, the performance metric 1112 may be associated with the SINR based beam prediction in that the performance metric 1112 was determined using the one or more assistance RSs, and the one or more assistance RSs are associated with the set of prediction targets 1106 used to perform the SINR based beam prediction.
[0163] In some aspects, an assistance RS (such as the set of assistance RSs 1110, in this example) may be configured as a repetition RS, as indicated by reference numbers 1114a, 1114b, and 1114c. In some aspects, an assistance RS may be configured as a repetition RS when a prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS is mapped to multiple prediction targets. For example, the prediction target that corresponds to the assistance RS may be associated with a signal prediction, and the signal prediction may be used, in connection with multiple I / N measurements corresponding to multiple RSs of the set of RSs 1108, to determine multiple SINR based beam predictions. In this case, the UE may be scheduled with multiple repetitions of an assistance RS corresponding to the prediction target that is mapped to multiple I / N measurements. For example, the UE may be scheduled with a number of assistance RS repetitions that is equal to a number of I / N measurements of the multiple I / N measurements. In some aspects, the number of assistance RS repetitions (e.g., the repetition RS) may all use the same spatial configuration. In some other aspects, different assistance RS repetitions may use different spatial configurations. For example, each assistance RS repetition may use a same spatial configuration as a corresponding I / N measurement of the multiple I / N measurements. Thus, different receive beams suitable for different prediction targets of the multiple prediction targets may be used to determine performance metrics for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0164] The UE may perform an action using the performance metric 1112, which is described in more detail in connection with FIG. 12.
[0165] FIG. 12 depicts a process flow 1200 for communications in a network between a network entity 1202 and a UE 1204. In some aspects, the network entity 1202 may be an example of the BS 102 depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3 or a disaggregated base station depicted and described with respect to FIG. 2. Similarly, the UE 1204 may be an example of UE 104 depicted and described with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3. For example, UE 1204 may be an example of a UE 104 configured for wireless communications, and network entity 1202 may be an example of a BS 102 configured for wireless communications. However, in other aspects, UE 1204 may be another type of wireless communications device and network entity 1202 may be another type of network entity or network node, such as those described herein. Note that any operations or signaling illustrated with dashed lines may indicate that that operation or signaling is an optional or alternative example.
[0166] At 1206, the network entity 1202 may transmit, and the UE 1204 may receive, a request. The request may indicate for the UE 1204 to perform SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets (such as prediction targets 806, 808, 906, 1008, or 1106) . In some aspects, the request may include, comprise, or be included in a configuration for the SINR based beam prediction. In some aspects, the request may indicate the set of prediction targets. For example, the request may indicate a set of Set-A beams, resources for which to perform a prediction, or the like. In some aspects, the request may indicate a value to predict, such as a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, both a signal prediction and an I / N prediction, an SINR prediction, or a block error rate prediction.
[0167] At 1208, the UE 1204 may perform the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets. The SINR based beam prediction may include predicting a signal prediction (as described with regard to example 1100) , an I / N prediction (as described with regard to example 1000) , or both (as described with regard to examples 800 and 900) . In some aspects, the SINR based beam prediction may generate a predicted L1-SINR value, which may include a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both. In some aspects, the SINR based beam prediction may generate a predicted BLER value. In some aspects, the SINR based beam prediction may generate a predicted Layer 3 (L3) SINR value, which may, for example, be associated with a time filter.
[0168] At 1210, the network entity 1202 may transmit, and the UE 1204 may receive, an indication of one or more assistance RSs associated with the set of prediction targets. For example, the network entity 1202 may schedule the one or more assistance RSs (e.g., a CMR on a resource of the one or more assistance RSs, an IMR on a resource of the one or more assistance RSs, or the like) . In some aspects, the indication may indicate that the one or more assistance RSs are associated with the set of prediction targets. For example, the indication may identify the set of prediction targets. In some aspects, the indication shown by 1210 and the request shown by 1206 may be transmitted as part of a same configuration or as part of a same signaling.
[0169] At 1212, the UE 1204 may generate a performance metric associated with the SINR based beam prediction. In some aspects, the UE may generate a plurality of performance metrics. Generally, the performance metric may indicate a difference between a predicted value and a measured value. More particular examples of performance metrics are provided below.
[0170] In some aspects, the performance metric may indicate a difference between a measured SINR associated with the set of prediction targets and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets. For example, the UE may determine a prediction metric ΔSINR (M, P) according to the expression In this expression, may represent an actually measured SINR with respect to a predicted resource or target pair (such as a most recently predicted resource or target pair, and / or a highest SINR associated with a prediction target for which an SINR prediction was generated) , wherein the actually measured SINR may be measured using an assistance RS (s) . In this expression, may represent a predicted SINR with respect to the predicted resource or target pair (such as a most recently predicted resource or target pair, and / or a highest SINR associated with a prediction target for which an SINR prediction was generated) .
[0171] In some aspects, the performance metric may indicate a difference between a strongest measured SINR of any assistance reference signal of the one or more assistance reference signals, and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets. For example, the UE may determine a prediction metric ΔSINR (M, M) according to the expression In this expression, may represent an actually measured SINR (e.g., L1-SINR) with respect to a strongest assistance RS or assistance RS pair (that is, a strongest measured SINR) . In this expression, may represent a predicted SINR with respect to a predicted resource or target pair (such as a most recently predicted resource or target pair, and / or a highest SINR associated with a prediction target for which an SINR prediction was generated) .
[0172] In some aspects, the performance metric may be based at least in part on a block error rate (BLER) . A BLER may indicate a ratio of a number of erroneous blocks to a number of total blocks transmitted on a link. In some aspects, the performance metric may indicate a difference between a first BLER and a second BLER. In some aspects, the UE may calculate the first BLER using a measurement one or more assistance RSs. In some aspects, the UE may calculate the second BLER using an SINR based beam prediction. For example, the UE may determine a performance metric ΔBLER (M, M) according to the expression In this expression, may be derived from a measured SINR (such as ) using an assumption regarding a structure of a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) , or physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For example, the UE may derive the BLER from the measured SINR using an assumption regarding a number or size of blocks conveyed on a PBCH, PDCCH, or PDSCH. In this expression, may be derived from a predicted SINR (such as using an assumption regarding a structure of a PBCH, PDSCH, or PDCCH. For example, the UE may derive the BLER from the predicted SINR using an assumption regarding a number or size of blocks conveyed on a PBCH, PDCCH, or PDSCH.
[0173] In some aspects, the performance metric may be associated with one or more top prediction targets. For example, the UE may identify a first set of top prediction targets (e.g., a first top K prediction targets) associated with the SINR based beam prediction and a second set of top prediction targets (e.g., a second top K prediction targets) associated with the one or more assistance reference signals. For example, the second set of top prediction targets may be derived from actually measured SINR values. The performance metric may be based at least in part on the first set of top prediction targets and the second set of top prediction targets. For example, the UE may derive an instantaneous accuracy of the first top K prediction targets relative to the second set of top prediction targets. As another example, the UE may derive a statistical accuracy (e.g., an accuracy over time, a distribution of accuracies) of the first set of prediction targets relative to the second set of top prediction targets.
[0174] At 1214, the UE 1204 may perform an action using the performance metric. For example, the UE 1204 may determine and / or perform an AI / ML functionality or model activation, deactivation, or switch associated with the SINR based UE-side beam prediction (for UE-based performance monitoring) . As another example, the UE 1204 may transmit an indication of the performance metric. For example, the UE 1204 may report an instantaneous value of the performance metric (e.g., ΔSINR (M, P) described above) (e.g., for network-based performance monitoring) . As another example, the UE 1204 may report a statistical result from various one or more measurement and prediction occasions (such as a prediction target and an associated assistance RS) associated with a performance metric (e.g., ΔSINR (M, P) ) . For example, the UE 1204 may report the statistical result when the performance metric (e.g., ΔSINR (M, P) ) satisfies a threshold (which may be configured by the network entity 1202 or may be defined in a wireless communication specification) . In some aspects, the performance metric satisfying the threshold may be considered a performance failure instance (PFI) , and when a number of PFIs satisfies a second threshold (which may be configured by the network entity 1202 or defined in a wireless communication specification) , it may be considered a performance failure event (PFE) . The UE 1204 may report at least the PFE when a PFE is observed. The PFE, the PFI, the statistical result, or the instantaneous value may be referred to herein as a value derived from the performance metric.
[0175] As mentioned, the SINR based beam prediction may comprise a prediction of an SINR or a BLER. A prediction of SINR may be beneficial because a prediction of SINR can be performed without assumptions regarding a PDSCH or PDCCH structure, a modulation and coding scheme, or a rank assumption. A prediction of BLER may be beneficial because a BLER prediction may capture a reflection of throughput degradation more precisely than an SINR prediction (since different UEs’ receiver implementation variations may be captured by BLER based methods)
[0176] Note that the process flow illustrated in FIG. 12 is an example of performance metrics for SINR based beam prediction, and aspects of the present disclosure may be applied to performance metrics for SINR based beam prediction. Note that the process flow illustrated in FIG. 12 is described herein to facilitate an understanding of performance metrics for SINR based beam prediction, and aspects of the present disclosure may be performed in various manners via alternative or additional signaling and / or operations. In certain aspects, the operations and / or signaling of FIG. 12 may occur in an order different from that described or depicted, and various actions, operations, and / or signaling may be added, omitted, or combined.
[0177] FIG. 13 shows a method 1300 for wireless communication performed by a UE, such as UE 104 of FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0178] Method 1300 begins at block 1305 with receiving a request (e.g., the request indicated by reference number 1206) to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets (e.g., prediction targets 806, 808, 906, 1008, 1106) .
[0179] Method 1300 then proceeds to block 1310 with performing the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets.
[0180] Method 1300 then proceeds to block 1315 with receiving an indication of one or more assistance reference signals (e.g., assistance RSs 810, 812, 908, 1006, 1010, 1108) associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0181] Method 1300 then proceeds to block 1320 with generating, using a measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals, a performance metric (e.g., performance metric 814, 910, 1012, or 1112) associated with the SINR based beam prediction.
[0182] Method 1300 then proceeds to block 1325 with performing an action (as at 1214 of FIG. 12) using the performance metric, wherein at least one of performing the action, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals, or the performance metric is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction. By basing the indication of the one or more assistance RSs on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, various scenarios for SINR based beam prediction can be accommodated, thereby improving accuracy and flexibility of SINR based beam prediction. By basing the performance metric on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, performance monitoring for different SINR based beam prediction scenarios is improved and signaling is made clearer. In some aspects, the UE may perform an action based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes the signal prediction, the I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction. For example, the UE may activate, deactivate, or switch an AI model or functionality based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes the signal prediction, the I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction. As another example, a report of the SINR based beam prediction and / or the performance metric may indicate whether the SINR based beam prediction includes the signal prediction, the I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.
[0183] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets (806) of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets (808) of the set of prediction targets.
[0184] In one aspect, the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals (810) associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals (812) associated with the second one or more prediction targets.
[0185] In one aspect, the first set of assistance reference signals and the first one or more prediction targets are associated with a first spatial configuration, and wherein the second set of assistance reference signals and the second set of assistance reference signals and the second one or more prediction targets are associated with a second spatial configuration.
[0186] In one aspect, the measurement comprises a first measurement of the first set of assistance reference signals and a second measurement of the second set of assistance reference signals, and block 1320 includes generating the performance metric using the first measurement and the second measurement.
[0187] In one aspect, the first measurement comprises a signal measurement and the second measurement comprises an I / N measurement.
[0188] In one aspect, the second one or more prediction targets comprise a single prediction target, the first one or more prediction targets comprise a plurality of prediction targets mapped to the single prediction target, and the first set of assistance reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal with a same spatial configuration as the single prediction target.
[0189] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets (e.g., 906) .
[0190] In one aspect, the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0191] In one aspect, the measurement comprises a signal measurement and an I / N measurement, and block 1320 includes calculating an SINR value using the signal measurement and the I / N measurement.
[0192] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes only the I / N prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and block 1320 includes calculating an SINR value using a signal measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.
[0193] In one aspect, the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals comprises an I / N measurement.
[0194] In one aspect, a prediction target of the set of prediction targets is associated with multiple reference signals associated with the signal measurement, wherein the multiple reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal.
[0195] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes only the signal prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and block 1320 includes calculating an SINR value using an I / N measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.
[0196] In one aspect, the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals comprises a signal measurement.
[0197] In one aspect, a prediction target of the set of prediction targets is associated with multiple reference signals that are associated with the I / N measurement, wherein the multiple reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal.
[0198] In one aspect, block 1320 includes calculating a difference between a measured SINR associated with the set of prediction targets and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0199] In one aspect, block 1320 includes calculating a difference between: a strongest measured SINR of any assistance reference signal of the one or more assistance reference signals, and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0200] In one aspect, block 1320 includes: calculating a first block error rate using the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals; and calculating a second block error rate using the SINR based beam prediction, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first block error rate and the second block error rate.
[0201] In one aspect, block 1320 includes identifying a first set of top prediction targets associated with the SINR based beam prediction and a second set of top prediction targets associated with the one or more assistance reference signals, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first set of top prediction targets and the second set of top prediction targets.
[0202] In one aspect, block 1320 includes generating the performance metric using a block error rate derived from the SINR based beam prediction.
[0203] In one aspect, block 1325 includes activating, deactivating, or switching a model or functionality using the performance metric.
[0204] In one aspect, block 1325 includes transmitting an indication of the performance metric.
[0205] In one aspect, block 1325 includes transmitting a value derived from the performance metric.
[0206] In one aspect, method 1300, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1500 of FIG. 15, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1300. Communications device 1500 is described below in further detail.
[0207] Note that FIG. 13 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0208] FIG. 14 shows a method 1400 for wireless communication performed by a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0209] Method 1400 begins at block 1405 with transmitting a request (e.g., the request indicated by reference number 1206) to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets (e.g., prediction targets 806, 808, 906, 1008, 1106) .
[0210] Method 1400 then proceeds to block 1410 with transmitting an indication of one or more assistance reference signals (e.g., assistance RSs 810, 812, 908, 1006, 1010, 1106) associated with the set of prediction targets, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals being based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, and the one or more assistance reference signals being associated with generating a performance metric (e.g., performance metric 814, 910, 1012, or 1112) for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0211] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets (806) of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets (808) of the set of prediction targets.
[0212] In one aspect, the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals (810) associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals (812) associated with the second one or more prediction targets.
[0213] In one aspect, the first set of assistance reference signals and the first one or more prediction targets are associated with a first spatial configuration, and wherein the second set of assistance reference signals and the second set of assistance reference signals and the second one or more prediction targets are associated with a second spatial configuration.
[0214] In one aspect, the second one or more prediction targets comprise a single prediction target, the first one or more prediction targets comprise a plurality of prediction targets mapped to the single prediction target, and the first set of assistance reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal with a same spatial configuration as the single prediction target.
[0215] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets (e.g., 906) .
[0216] In one aspect, the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0217] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes only the I / N prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0218] In one aspect, the SINR based beam prediction includes only the signal prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0219] In one aspect, method 1400, or any aspect related to it, may be performed by an apparatus, such as communications device 1600 of FIG. 16, which includes various components operable, configured, or adapted to perform the method 1400. Communications device 1600 is described below in further detail.
[0220] Note that FIG. 14 is just one example of a method, and other methods including fewer, additional, or alternative operations are possible consistent with this disclosure.
[0221] FIG. 15 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1500. In some aspects, communications device 1500 is a user equipment, such as UE 104 described above with respect to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[0222] The communications device 1500 includes a processing system 1505 coupled to a transceiver 1585 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) . The transceiver 1585 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1500 via an antenna 1590, such as the various signals as described herein. The processing system 1505 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1500, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1500.
[0223] The processing system 1505 includes one or more processors 1510. In various aspects, the one or more processors 1510 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1510 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1545 via a bus 1580. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1545 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) , including code 1550-1575, that when executed by the one or more processors 1510, enable and cause the one or more processors 1510 to perform the method 1300 described with respect to FIG. 13, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 13. Note that reference to a processor performing a function of communications device 1500 may include one or more processors performing that function of communications device 1500, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0224] In the depicted example, computer-readable medium / memory 1545 stores code for receiving 1550, code for performing 1555, code for generating 1560, code for calculating 1565, code for identifying 1570, and code for transmitting 1575. Processing of the code 1550-1575 may enable and cause the communications device 1500 to perform the method 1300 described with respect to FIG. 13, or any aspect related to it.
[0225] The one or more processors 1510 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code (e.g., executable instructions) stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1545, including circuitry for receiving 1515, circuitry for performing 1520, circuitry for generating 1525, circuitry for calculating 1530, circuitry for identifying 1535, and circuitry for transmitting 1540. Processing with circuitry 1515-1540 may enable and cause the communications device 1500 to perform the method 1300 described with respect to FIG. 13, or any aspect related to it.
[0226] More generally, means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1585 and / or antenna 1590 of the communications device 1500 in FIG. 15, and / or one or more processors 1510 of the communications device 1500 in FIG. 15. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 354, antenna (s) 352, receive processor 358, AI processor 370, and / or controller / processor 380 of the UE 104 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1585 and / or antenna 1590 of the communications device 1500 in FIG. 15, and / or one or more processors 1510 of the communications device 1500 in FIG. 15.
[0227] FIG. 16 depicts aspects of an example communications device 1600. In some aspects, communications device 1600 is a network entity, such as BS 102 of FIGS. 1 and 3, or a disaggregated base station as discussed with respect to FIG. 2.
[0228] The communications device 1600 includes a processing system 1605 coupled to a transceiver 1635 (e.g., a transmitter and / or a receiver) and / or a network interface 1645. The transceiver 1635 is configured to transmit and receive signals for the communications device 1600 via an antenna 1640, such as the various signals as described herein. The network interface 1645 is configured to obtain and send signals for the communications device 1600 via communications link (s) , such as a backhaul link, midhaul link, and / or fronthaul link as described herein, such as with respect to FIG. 2. The processing system 1605 may be configured to perform processing functions for the communications device 1600, including processing signals received and / or to be transmitted by the communications device 1600.
[0229] The processing system 1605 includes one or more processors 1610. In various aspects, one or more processors 1610 may be representative of one or more of receive processor 338, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, and / or controller / processor 340, as described with respect to FIG. 3. The one or more processors 1610 are coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1620 via a bus 1630. In certain aspects, the computer-readable medium / memory 1620 is configured to store instructions (e.g., computer-executable code) , including code for transmitting 1625, that when executed by the one or more processors 1610, enable and cause the one or more processors 1610 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it, including any operations described in relation to FIG. 14. Note that reference to a processor of communications device 1600 performing a function may include one or more processors of communications device 1600 performing that function, such as in a distributed fashion.
[0230] In the depicted example, the computer-readable medium / memory 1620 stores code for transmitting 1625. Processing of the code for transmitting 1625 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0231] The one or more processors 1610 include circuitry configured to implement (e.g., execute) the code (e.g., executable instructions) stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1620, including circuitry for transmitting 1615. Processing with circuitry for transmitting 1615 may enable and cause the communications device 1600 to perform the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it.
[0232] Various components of the communications device 1600 may provide means for performing the method 1400 described with respect to FIG. 14, or any aspect related to it. Means for communicating, transmitting, sending or outputting for transmission may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, transmit processor 320, TX MIMO processor 330, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1635, antenna 1640, and / or network interface 1645 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16. Means for communicating, receiving or obtaining may include the transceivers 332, antenna (s) 334, receive processor 338, AI processor 318, and / or controller / processor 340 of the BS 102 illustrated in FIG. 3, transceiver 1635, antenna 1640, and / or network interface 1645 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16, and / or one or more processors 1610 of the communications device 1600 in FIG. 16.
[0233] Example Clauses
[0234] Implementation examples are described in the following numbered clauses:
[0235] Clause 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a UE, comprising: receiving a request to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets; performing the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets; receiving an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets; generating, using a measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals, a performance metric associated with the SINR based beam prediction; and performing an action using the performance metric, wherein at least one of performing the action, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals, or the performance metric is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.
[0236] Clause 2: The method of Clause 1, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets.
[0237] Clause 3: The method of Clause 2, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals associated with the second one or more prediction targets.
[0238] Clause 4: The method of Clause 3, wherein the first set of assistance reference signals and the first one or more prediction targets are associated with a first spatial configuration, and wherein the second set of assistance reference signals and the second set of assistance reference signals and the second one or more prediction targets are associated with a second spatial configuration.
[0239] Clause 5: The method of Clause 3, wherein the measurement comprises a first measurement of the first set of assistance reference signals and a second measurement of the second set of assistance reference signals, and wherein generating the performance metric comprises generating the performance metric using the first measurement and the second measurement.
[0240] Clause 6: The method of Clause 5, wherein the first measurement comprises a signal measurement and the second measurement comprises an I / N measurement.
[0241] Clause 7: The method of Clause 5, wherein the second one or more prediction targets comprise a single prediction target, the first one or more prediction targets comprise a plurality of prediction targets mapped to the single prediction target, and the first set of assistance reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal with a same spatial configuration as the single prediction target.
[0242] Clause 8: The method of any one of Clauses 1-7, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0243] Clause 9: The method of Clause 8, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0244] Clause 10: The method of Clause 9, wherein the measurement comprises a signal measurement and an I / N measurement, and wherein generating the performance metric comprises calculating an SINR value using the signal measurement and the I / N measurement.
[0245] Clause 11: The method of any one of Clauses 1-10, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the I / N prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and wherein generating the performance metric comprises calculating an SINR value using a signal measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.
[0246] Clause 12: The method of Clause 11, wherein the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals comprises an I / N measurement.
[0247] Clause 13: The method of Clause 11, wherein a prediction target of the set of prediction targets is associated with multiple reference signals associated with the signal measurement, wherein the multiple reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal.
[0248] Clause 14: The method of any one of Clauses 1-13, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the signal prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and wherein generating the performance metric comprises calculating an SINR value using an I / N measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.
[0249] Clause 15: The method of Clause 14, wherein the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals comprises a signal measurement.
[0250] Clause 16: The method of Clause 14, wherein a prediction target of the set of prediction targets is associated with multiple reference signals that are associated with the I / N measurement, wherein the multiple reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal.
[0251] Clause 17: The method of any one of Clauses 1-16, wherein generating the performance metric comprises calculating a difference between a measured SINR associated with the set of prediction targets and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0252] Clause 18: The method of any one of Clauses 1-17, wherein generating the performance metric comprises calculating a difference between: a strongest measured SINR of any assistance reference signal of the one or more assistance reference signals, and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0253] Clause 19: The method of any one of Clauses 1-18, wherein generating the performance metric comprises: calculating a first block error rate using the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals; and calculating a second block error rate using the SINR based beam prediction, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first block error rate and the second block error rate.
[0254] Clause 20: The method of any one of Clauses 1-19, wherein generating the performance metric comprises identifying a first set of top prediction targets associated with the SINR based beam prediction and a second set of top prediction targets associated with the one or more assistance reference signals, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first set of top prediction targets and the second set of top prediction targets.
[0255] Clause 21: The method of any one of Clauses 1-20, wherein generating the performance metric comprises generating the performance metric using a block error rate derived from the SINR based beam prediction.
[0256] Clause 22: The method of any one of Clauses 1-21, wherein performing the action comprises activating, deactivating, or switching a model or functionality using the performance metric.
[0257] Clause 23: The method of any one of Clauses 1-22, wherein performing the action comprises transmitting an indication of the performance metric.
[0258] Clause 24: The method of any one of Clauses 1-23, wherein performing the action comprises transmitting a value derived from the performance metric.
[0259] Clause 25: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: transmitting a request to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets; and transmitting an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals being based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, and the one or more assistance reference signals being associated with generating a performance metric for the SINR based beam prediction.
[0260] Clause 26: The method of Clause 25, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets.
[0261] Clause 27: The method of Clause 26, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals associated with the second one or more prediction targets.
[0262] Clause 28: The method of Clause 27, wherein the first set of assistance reference signals and the first one or more prediction targets are associated with a first spatial configuration, and wherein the second set of assistance reference signals and the second set of assistance reference signals and the second one or more prediction targets are associated with a second spatial configuration.
[0263] Clause 29: The method of Clause 27, wherein the second one or more prediction targets comprise a single prediction target, the first one or more prediction targets comprise a plurality of prediction targets mapped to the single prediction target, and the first set of assistance reference signals are configured as a repetition reference signal with a same spatial configuration as the single prediction target.
[0264] Clause 30: The method of any one of Clauses 25-29, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets.
[0265] Clause 31: The method of Clause 30, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0266] Clause 32: The method of any one of Clauses 25-31, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the I / N prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0267] Clause 33: The method of any one of Clauses 25-32, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the signal prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets.
[0268] Clause 34: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories comprising executable instructions; and one or more processors configured to execute the executable instructions and cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0269] Clause 35: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0270] Clause 36: One or more apparatuses, comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, configured to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0271] Clause 37: One or more apparatuses, comprising means for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0272] Clause 38: One or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising executable instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of one or more apparatuses, cause the one or more apparatuses to perform a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0273] Clause 39: One or more computer program products embodied on one or more computer-readable storage media comprising code for performing a method in accordance with any one of Clauses 1-33.
[0274] Additional Considerations
[0275] The preceding description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. The examples discussed herein are not limiting of the scope, applicability, or aspects set forth in the claims. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. For example, changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements discussed without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Various examples may omit, substitute, or add various procedures or components as appropriate. For instance, the methods described may be performed in an order different from that described, and various actions may be added, omitted, or combined. Also, features described with respect to some examples may be combined in some other examples. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover such an apparatus or method that is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to, or other than, the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. It should be understood that any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0276] The various illustrative logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the present disclosure may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, an AI processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device (PLD) , discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any commercially available processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, a system on a chip (SoC) , or any other such configuration.
[0277] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a-b, a-c, b-c, and a-b-c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a-a, a-a-a, a-a-b, a-a-c, a-b-b, a-c-c, b-b, b-b-b, b-b-c, c-c, and c-c-c or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0278] As used herein, the term “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions. For example, “determining” may include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (e.g., looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, “determining” may include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data in a memory) and the like. Also, “determining” may include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing and the like.
[0279] As used herein, “coupled to” and “coupled with” generally encompass direct coupling and indirect coupling (e.g., including intermediary coupled aspects) unless stated otherwise. For example, stating that a processor is coupled to a memory allows for a direct coupling or a coupling via an intermediary aspect, such as a bus.
[0280] The methods disclosed herein comprise one or more actions for achieving the methods. The method actions may be interchanged with one another without departing from the scope of the claims. In other words, unless a specific order of actions is specified, the order and / or use of specific actions may be modified without departing from the scope of the claims. Further, the various operations of methods described above may be performed by any suitable means capable of performing the corresponding functions. The means may include various hardware and / or software component (s) and / or module (s) , including, but not limited to a circuit, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , or processor.
[0281] The following claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims. Reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean only one unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” The subsequent use of a definite article (e.g., “the” or “said” ) with an element (e.g., “the processor” ) is not intended to invoke a singular meaning (e.g., “only one” ) on the element unless otherwise specifically stated. For example, reference to an element (e.g., “a processor, ” “a controller, ” “a memory, ” “a transceiver, ” “an antenna, ” “the processor, ” “the controller, ” “the memory, ” “the transceiver, ” “the antenna, ” etc. ) , unless otherwise specifically stated, should be understood to refer to one or more elements (e.g., “one or more processors, ” “one or more controllers, ” “one or more memories, ” “one more transceivers, ” etc. ) . The terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more elements, and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where reference is made to one or more elements performing functions (e.g., steps of a method) , one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively perform the functions. When more than one element collectively performs the functions, each function need not be performed by each of those elements (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements) and / or each function need not be performed in whole by only one element (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function) . Similarly, where reference is made to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., an apparatus) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause the other element to perform all functions, or more than one element may collectively be configured to cause the other element to perform the functions. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) configured for wireless communications, comprising:one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the UE to:receive a request to perform a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets;perform the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets;receive an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets;generate, using a measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals, a performance metric associated with the SINR based beam prediction; andperform an action using the performance metric, wherein at least one of performing the action, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals, or the performance metric is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an interference and noise (I / N) prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets.3.The UE of claim 2, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals associated with the second one or more prediction targets.4.The UE of claim 3, wherein the first set of assistance reference signals and the first one or more prediction targets are associated with a first spatial configuration, and wherein the second set of assistance reference signals and the second set of assistance reference signals and the second one or more prediction targets are associated with a second spatial configuration.5.The UE of claim 3, wherein the measurement comprises a first measurement of the first set of assistance reference signals and a second measurement of the second set of assistance reference signals, and wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to generate the performance metric using the first measurement and the second measurement.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the I / N prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to calculate an SINR value using a signal measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes only the signal prediction, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals are configured with a same spatial configuration as the set of prediction targets, and wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to calculate an SINR value using an I / N measurement and the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to calculate a difference between a measured SINR associated with the set of prediction targets and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to calculate a difference between: a strongest measured SINR of any assistance reference signal of the one or more assistance reference signals, and a predicted SINR associated with the set of prediction targets.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to: calculate a first block error rate using the measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals; and calculate a second block error rate using the SINR based beam prediction, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first block error rate and the second block error rate.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to identify a first set of top prediction targets associated with the SINR based beam prediction and a second set of top prediction targets associated with the one or more assistance reference signals, wherein the performance metric is based at least in part on the first set of top prediction targets and the second set of top prediction targets.13.The UE of claim 1, wherein to generate the performance metric, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to generate the performance metric using a block error rate derived from the SINR based beam prediction.14.The UE of claim 1, wherein to perform the action, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to activate, deactivate, or switch a model or functionality using the performance metric.15.The UE of claim 1, wherein to perform the action, the one or more processors are configured to cause the UE to transmit an indication of the performance metric or a value derived from the performance metric.16.A network entity configured for wireless communication, comprising:one or more memories; and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories and configured to cause the network entity to:transmit a request to perform a SINR based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets; andtransmit an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals being based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an I / N prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, and the one or more assistance reference signals being associated with generating a performance metric for the SINR based beam prediction.17.The network entity of claim 16, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction is associated with a first one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets and the I / N prediction is associated with a second one or more prediction targets of the set of prediction targets.18.The network entity of claim 17, wherein the one or more assistance reference signals include a first set of assistance reference signals associated with the first one or more prediction targets and a second set of assistance reference signals associated with the second one or more prediction targets.19.The network entity of claim 16, wherein the SINR based beam prediction includes both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction, wherein the signal prediction and the I / N prediction are both associated with the set of prediction targets.20.A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving a request to perform a signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) based beam prediction regarding a set of prediction targets;performing the SINR based beam prediction regarding the set of prediction targets;receiving an indication of one or more assistance reference signals associated with the set of prediction targets;generating, using a measurement of the one or more assistance reference signals, a performance metric associated with the SINR based beam prediction; andperforming an action using the performance metric, wherein at least one of performing the action, the indication of the one or more assistance reference signals, or the performance metric is based at least in part on whether the SINR based beam prediction includes a signal prediction, an interference and noise (I / N) prediction, or both the signal prediction and the I / N prediction.
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