Data sending method, data receiving method, device, and storage medium

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are a data sending method, a data receiving method, a device, and a storage medium. The data sending method is applied to an access network device, wherein the access network device and at least one terminal device participate in the same distributed ledger. The method comprises: acquiring distributed-ledger information (S110); and sending transmission data to a terminal device, wherein the transmission data is distributed-ledger transmission signaling that carries the distributed-ledger information, or the transmission data is a pre-defined distributed-ledger-specific data resource block (DRB) that carries the distributed-ledger information (S120).

Description

Data transmission methods, data reception methods, equipment and storage media Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of communication technology, such as a data transmission method, a data reception method, a device, and a storage medium. Background Technology

[0002] To realize its vision of trustworthiness, sixth-generation mobile communication (6G) technology introduced distributed ledger technology, forming the 6G distributed ledger. The distributed ledger reaches a final decision through multi-party consensus among nodes. Each piece of information requiring a decision must be sent from the node that generated the information to all nodes participating in the consensus. In related technologies, the transmission mechanism of mobile communication systems is centrally controlled by the core network, and the uplink and downlink transmissions of each node require system scheduling. However, the interaction of distributed ledger information differs from data transmission in related technologies: the interaction of distributed ledger information occurs between any nodes, including core network equipment, access network equipment, and terminal equipment, and a single piece of distributed ledger information often needs to be sent to multiple nodes. Therefore, the data transmission mechanism in related technologies is not suitable for the interaction scenario of distributed ledger information. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application provides a data transmission method applied to an access network device, wherein the access network device and at least one terminal device participate in the same distributed ledger; the method includes:

[0004] Obtain distributed ledger information;

[0005] Send transmission data to the terminal device. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or it is a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

[0006] This application provides a data receiving method applied to a terminal device, wherein the terminal device and an access network device participate in the same distributed ledger; the method includes:

[0007] Receive transmission data sent by access network equipment. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

[0008] This application provides an access network device, including: a processor; the processor is used to implement the data transmission method of any of the above embodiments when executing a computer program.

[0009] This application provides a terminal device, including: a processor; the processor is used to implement the data receiving method of any of the above embodiments when executing a computer program.

[0010] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method of any of the above embodiments.

[0011] Further details regarding the above embodiments and other aspects of this application, as well as their implementations, are provided in the accompanying drawings, detailed description, and claims. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 is a network diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment;

[0013] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment;

[0014] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a data receiving method according to an embodiment;

[0015] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment;

[0016] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data receiving device according to an embodiment;

[0017] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a base station provided in an embodiment;

[0018] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a UE provided in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0019] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application. The embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0020] The data transmission and reception methods provided in this application can be applied to various wireless communication systems, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, 4th-generation (4G) systems, 5th-generation (5G) systems, LTE and 5G hybrid architecture systems, 5G New Radio (NR) systems, and new communication systems emerging in future communication development, such as 6G systems. Figure 1 is a network diagram of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the wireless communication system includes a terminal device 110, an access network device 120, and a core network device 130.

[0021] Terminal device 110 can be a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, which can be deployed on land (such as indoors or outdoors, handheld, wearable or vehicle-mounted); on water (such as ships); or in the air (such as airplanes, balloons and satellites). Examples of terminal devices 110 include: wireless terminals, user equipment (UE), mobile phones, mobile stations, tablets, laptops, ultra-mobile personal computers (UMPCs), handheld computers, netbooks, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and other network-connected user devices; virtual reality (VR) terminals, augmented reality (AR) terminals, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.; IoT nodes in the Internet of Things (IoT); in-vehicle communication devices in the Internet of Vehicles (IoV); entertainment and gaming devices or systems; and GPS devices, etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technologies or device forms used in the terminal devices. Furthermore, the term "terminal device" can be abbreviated as "terminal."

[0022] Access network equipment 120 is the access device through which terminal equipment 110 wirelessly accesses the wireless communication system. It can be a reader / writer, a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE), a transmission reception point (TRP), a base station in a 5G mobile communication system, a next-generation NodeB (gNB), a base station in a future mobile communication system, or an access node in a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) system. Base stations can include various macro base stations, micro base stations, femtobase stations, wireless extensions, routers, WiFi devices, or various network-side devices such as primary cells and secondary cells, as well as location management function (LMF) devices. It can also be a module or unit that performs some of the functions of a base station; for example, it can be a central unit (CU) or a distributed unit (DU). The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or equipment form used in the access network equipment. In addition, the access network equipment can be referred to as a base station.

[0023] Core network equipment 130 may include access and mobility management network elements and session management network elements. For example, terminal equipment 110 can access the core network through access network equipment 120 to achieve data transmission.

[0024] In this embodiment, a distributed ledger is provided in the wireless communication system. The nodes participating in the distributed ledger (also referred to as distributed ledger nodes) include at least terminal devices and access network devices. This embodiment provides a data transmission method, a data reception method, a device, and a storage medium that can operate in the aforementioned wireless communication system, enabling distributed ledger information transmission between terminal devices and access network devices without centralized control from the core network.

[0025] In this embodiment, a distributed ledger can be understood as a database that is shared, replicated, and synchronized among participating nodes. The distributed ledger records transactions between network participants (such as users), such as the exchange of assets or data. In one embodiment, the distributed ledger can be a blockchain, or a distributed ledger implemented based on blockchain technology.

[0026] The following describes the data transmission method, data reception method, equipment, and their technical effects.

[0027] Figure 2 is a flowchart illustrating a data transmission method according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 2, the method provided in this embodiment is applicable to access network devices. In this example, the access network device and at least one terminal device participate in the same distributed ledger, and at least one terminal device is located within the coverage area of ​​the access network device. For example, the access network device and five terminal devices participate in distributed ledger A, and these five terminal devices are located within the coverage area of ​​the access network device. The method includes the following steps.

[0028] S110, Obtain distributed ledger information.

[0029] In one embodiment, step S110 is a step executed when the access network device actively (i.e., without being scheduled by the core network device) initiates a distributed ledger information synchronization process. Distributed ledger information is information associated with the distributed ledger that the access network device obtains and needs to synchronize. For example, distributed ledger information can be information received by the access network device from other terminal devices / core network devices, or it can be information generated by the access network device itself.

[0030] Distributed ledger information includes at least one of distributed ledger transaction information, distributed ledger consensus information, and distributed ledger ledger information. The distributed ledger consensus information may be pre-prepared information from the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) algorithm.

[0031] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger in which the access network device and at least one terminal device participate can be either a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger.

[0032] A single-chain distributed ledger refers to a ledger with only one chain, where all nodes are participants and all user records are stored on this chain. A multi-chain distributed ledger consists of a main chain and at least one sub-chain, with different participating nodes on each sub-chain. Sub-chains can be categorized into two types based on their openness: open sub-chains, where nodes not belonging to an open sub-chain can receive information, participate in consensus, and generate blocks; and closed sub-chains, which are independent of other sub-chains, and only users of that closed sub-chain can receive information, participate in consensus, and generate blocks.

[0033] When the distributed ledger in which the access network device and at least one terminal device participate is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; when the distributed ledger in which the access network device and at least one terminal device participate is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0034] S120. Send transmission data to the terminal device. The transmission data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or the transmission data is a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

[0035] In this application, if the access network device is to transmit distributed ledger information, it needs to carry / bear the distributed ledger information through transmission data. Therefore, before step S120 is executed, the access network device can generate transmission data based on the distributed ledger information.

[0036] In one possible implementation, the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information. In this implementation, the access network device and the terminal device are equipped with a first entity that processes the distributed ledger transmission signaling. Specifically, the first entity is located at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, or the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, or the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0037] In another possible implementation, the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated Data Resource Block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information. In this implementation, the access network equipment and terminal equipment are equipped with a second entity that processes the DRB. Specifically, the second entity resides at the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer.

[0038] Because the types of distributed ledgers involved by the access network device and at least one terminal device may differ, the types of distributed ledger information will also differ, and the transmitted data may also differ. Therefore, the way the access network device sends transmitted data to the terminal device will vary depending on the circumstances. The following examples will illustrate in detail how the access network device sends transmitted data to the terminal device.

[0039] Example 1-1: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; in this case, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0040] Specifically, access network equipment can use 5G Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Service (MBS) broadcast technology to broadcast a dedicated Distributed Ledger (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information through the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), so that all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger can successfully receive the dedicated DRB and thus obtain the distributed ledger information.

[0041] In Example 1-1, when the access network device broadcasts a Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB, it also supports sending information to terminal devices in the Radio Resource Control (RRC) idle state and the RRC inactive state. Optionally, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) reporting can also be disabled.

[0042] Furthermore, 5G MBS supports both Point-to-Point (PTP) and Point-to-Multi-Point (PTM) modes. This means 5G MBS can switch between PTP and PTM modes, allowing for flexible selection of the transmission mode based on the number of terminal devices.

[0043] Example 1-2: When the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to all terminal devices in the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB.

[0044] Specifically, the access network device can first determine the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB based on the closed subchain to which the closed subchain distributed ledger information belongs. One closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one Group-Radio Network Temporary Identity (G-RNTI), and terminal devices in the same group have the same G-RNTI. Then, the 5G MBS multicast technology is used to send the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB to all terminal devices in the group.

[0045] For example, suppose an access network device needs to send closed subchain distributed ledger information 1 and closed subchain distributed ledger information 2. The closed subchain to which closed subchain distributed ledger information 1 belongs is closed subchain 1, and its corresponding G-RNTI is G-RNTI 1; the closed subchain to which closed subchain distributed ledger information 2 belongs is closed subchain 2, and its corresponding G-RNTI is G-RNTI 2. Then, for closed subchain distributed ledger information 1, the access network device can use 5G MBS multicast technology to broadcast the dedicated DRB carrying closed subchain distributed ledger information 1 to a group (including all terminal devices with the G-RNTI 1 identifier) ​​identified by G-RNTI 1. Similarly, for closed subchain distributed ledger information 2, the access network device can use 5G MBS multicast technology to broadcast the dedicated DRB carrying closed subchain distributed ledger information 2 to a group (including all terminal devices with the G-RNTI 2 identifier) ​​identified by G-RNTI 2.

[0046] In Example 1-2, when the access network device sends a Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB, it also supports sending information to terminal devices in the RRC idle state and RRC inactive state. Optionally, HARQ reporting can also be disabled.

[0047] Furthermore, 5G MBS supports both PTP and PTM modes. This means 5G MBS can switch between PTP and PTM modes, allowing for flexible selection of the transmission mode based on the number of terminal devices.

[0048] Example 1-3: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; in this case, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0049] Specifically, the access network device can send a dedicated Distributed Ledger (DRB) to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger through a predefined distributed ledger physical channel, so that all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger can successfully receive the dedicated DRB and thus obtain the distributed ledger information.

[0050] In Examples 1-3, the distributed ledger physical channel is the downlink channel, and its corresponding transport channel is the predefined distributed ledger transport channel. The distributed ledger physical channel and the predefined distributed ledger transport channel are mutually mapped. The distributed ledger physical channel occupies a fixed frequency domain position and bandwidth in the frequency domain; in the time domain, it uses a fixed time slot configuration, occupies a fixed symbol position in the subframe, and appears periodically.

[0051] Example 1-4: When the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to the terminal device corresponding to the distributed ledger information participating in the distributed ledger.

[0052] Specifically, access network devices can send distributed ledger transmission signaling belonging to a terminal device to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger via the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH).

[0053] Example 1-5: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to the terminal device corresponding to the distributed ledger information participating in the distributed ledger.

[0054] Specifically, access network devices can send the dedicated DRB for the distributed ledger to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger via PDSCH.

[0055] Example 1-6: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, the distributed ledger information needs to be sent to the terminal device corresponding to the distributed ledger information participating in the distributed ledger.

[0056] Specifically, access network devices can broadcast a dedicated DRB for distributed ledgers via the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) so that all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger can successfully receive the dedicated DRB belonging to that terminal device.

[0057] Figure 3 is a flowchart illustrating a data receiving method according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 3, the method provided in this embodiment is applicable to terminal devices. In this example, the terminal device and the access network device participate in the same distributed ledger, and the terminal device is located within the coverage area of ​​the access network device. Currently, other terminal devices may also participate in this distributed ledger. The method includes the following steps.

[0058] S210. Receive transmission data sent by the access network device. The transmission data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or the transmission data is a predefined distributed ledger dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information.

[0059] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger information is information associated with the distributed ledger that the access network device acquires and needs to synchronize. For example, the distributed ledger information may be information received by the access network device from other terminal devices / core network devices, or it may be information generated by the access network device itself.

[0060] Distributed ledger information includes at least one of distributed ledger transaction information, distributed ledger consensus information, and distributed ledger ledger information. The distributed ledger consensus information can be pre-prepared information in PBFT.

[0061] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger in which the access network device and the terminal device participate can be either a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger.

[0062] A single-chain distributed ledger refers to a ledger with only one chain, where all nodes are participants and all user records are stored on this chain. A multi-chain distributed ledger consists of a main chain and at least one sub-chain, with different participating nodes on each sub-chain. Sub-chains can be categorized into two types based on their openness: open sub-chains, where nodes not belonging to an open sub-chain can receive information, participate in consensus, and generate blocks; and closed sub-chains, which are independent of other sub-chains, and only users of that closed sub-chain can receive information, participate in consensus, and generate blocks.

[0063] When the distributed ledger in which the access network equipment and terminal equipment participate is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; when the distributed ledger in which the access network equipment and terminal equipment participate is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0064] In this application, if a terminal device is to receive distributed ledger information, it needs to receive transmitted data in order to obtain distributed ledger information from the transmitted data.

[0065] In one possible implementation, the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information. In this implementation, the access network equipment and the terminal equipment are equipped with a first entity that processes the distributed ledger transmission signaling. Specifically, the first entity is located at the PDCP layer, or the RLC layer, or the MAC layer.

[0066] In another possible implementation, the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information. In this implementation, the access network equipment and terminal equipment are equipped with a second entity that processes the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB. Specifically, the second entity resides at the SDAP layer.

[0067] Because the types of distributed ledgers that access network devices and terminal devices participate in may be different, the types of distributed ledger information will be different, and the transmitted data may also be different. Therefore, under different circumstances, the way terminal devices receive the transmitted data sent by access network devices will also be different.

[0068] The methods for sending transmission data to terminal devices also differ. The following examples illustrate in detail how a terminal device receives transmission data sent by an access network device.

[0069] Example 2-1: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; in this case, the terminal device is any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0070] Specifically, terminal devices can use 5G MBS broadcast technology to receive distributed ledger dedicated DRBs broadcast by access network devices via PDSCH, thereby obtaining distributed ledger information.

[0071] In Example 2-1, the terminal device can be in RRC idle or RRC inactive state. Optionally, HARQ reporting can also be disabled.

[0072] Example 2-2: When the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, the terminal device is any one of all terminal devices in the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB.

[0073] Specifically, terminal devices can use 5G MBS multicast technology to receive Distributed Ledger Dedicated Buffers (DRBs) sent by access network devices, thereby obtaining distributed ledger information. Groups are determined based on the closed subchain to which the distributed ledger information belongs; one closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one G-RNTI, and terminal devices in the same group have the same G-RNTI.

[0074] In Example 2-2, the terminal device can be in RRC idle or RRC inactive state. Optionally, HARQ reporting can also be disabled.

[0075] Example 2-3: When the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; in this case, the terminal device is any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0076] Specifically, terminal devices can receive distributed ledger dedicated DRBs sent by access network devices through predefined distributed ledger physical channels, thereby obtaining distributed ledger information.

[0077] In Example 2-3, the distributed ledger physical channel is the downlink channel, and its corresponding transport channel is the predefined distributed ledger transport channel. The distributed ledger physical channel and the predefined distributed ledger transport channel are mutually mapped. The distributed ledger physical channel occupies a fixed frequency domain position and bandwidth in the frequency domain; in the time domain, it uses a fixed time slot configuration, occupies a fixed symbol position in the subframe, and appears periodically.

[0078] Example 2-4: When the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device can receive the distributed ledger transmission signaling sent by the access network device through the PDCCH, and then extract the distributed ledger information from the distributed ledger transmission signaling.

[0079] Example 2-5: When the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device can receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB sent by the access network device through the PDSCH, thereby obtaining the distributed ledger information.

[0080] Example 2-6: When the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device can receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB broadcast by the access network device through the PBCH, thereby obtaining the distributed ledger information.

[0081] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a data transmission device provided in an embodiment. The device can be configured in an access network device. As shown in Figure 4, the device includes an acquisition module 401 and a transmission module 402.

[0082] Module 401 is configured to retrieve distributed ledger information.

[0083] The sending module 402 is configured to send transmission data to the terminal device. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

[0084] The data transmission device provided in this embodiment is for implementing the data transmission method of the above embodiment. The implementation principle and technical effect of the data transmission device provided in this embodiment are similar to those of the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0085] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the access network device is provided with a first entity for processing the distributed ledger transmission signaling;

[0086] The first entity is located at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, or the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, or the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0087] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the access network device is provided with a second entity that processes the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB;

[0088] The second entity resides in the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer.

[0089] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger;

[0090] When the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information;

[0091] When the distributed ledger is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0092] In one embodiment, the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0093] The transmitting module 402 is configured to use the 5G MBS broadcast technology of fifth-generation mobile communication technology to broadcast the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB through the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB can be successfully received by all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0094] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, the sending module 402 is configured to determine the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB based on the closed subchain to which the closed subchain distributed ledger information belongs. One closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one group-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (G-RNTI), and terminal devices located in the same group have the same G-RNTI. The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is sent to all terminal devices in the group using 5G MBS multicast technology.

[0095] In one embodiment, 5G MBS supports point-to-point PTP mode and point-to-multipoint PTM mode.

[0096] In one embodiment, the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0097] The sending module 402 is configured to send the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger through a predefined distributed ledger physical channel.

[0098] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger physical channel is mapped to a predefined distributed ledger transport channel;

[0099] The physical channel of a distributed ledger occupies a fixed frequency domain position and bandwidth in the frequency domain; and uses a fixed time slot configuration in the time domain, occupying a fixed symbol position in the subframe.

[0100] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the sending module 402 is configured to send the distributed ledger transmission signaling to the terminal device through the physical downlink control channel PDCCH.

[0101] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the sending module 402 is configured to send the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB to the terminal device via PDSCH.

[0102] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the sending module 402 is configured to broadcast the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB through the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), and the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB can be successfully received by the corresponding terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0103] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger information is information associated with the distributed ledger that the access network device obtains and needs to synchronize;

[0104] Distributed ledger information includes at least one of distributed ledger transaction information, distributed ledger consensus information, and distributed ledger ledger information.

[0105] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a data receiving device provided in an embodiment. The device can be configured in a terminal device. As shown in Figure 5, the device includes a receiving module 501.

[0106] The receiving module 501 is configured to receive transmission data sent by the access network device. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

[0107] The data receiving device provided in this embodiment is for implementing the data receiving method of the above embodiment. The implementation principle and technical effect of the data receiving device provided in this embodiment are similar to those of the above embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0108] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device is provided with a first entity for processing the distributed ledger transmission signaling;

[0109] The first entity is located at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, or the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, or the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

[0110] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device is provided with a second entity that processes the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB.

[0111] The second entity resides in the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer.

[0112] In one embodiment, the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger;

[0113] When the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information;

[0114] When the distributed ledger is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

[0115] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; the terminal device is any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0116] The receiving module 501 is configured to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB broadcast by the access network equipment through the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) using the 5G MBS broadcast technology of fifth-generation mobile communication technology.

[0117] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, and the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, the receiving module 501 is configured to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB sent by the access network device using 5G MBS multicast technology. The terminal device is any one of all terminal devices included in the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB. The group is determined according to the closed subchain to which the closed subchain distributed ledger information belongs. One closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one Group-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (G-RNTI). Terminal devices located in the same group have the same G-RNTI.

[0118] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information and the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or when the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledger information and the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; the terminal device is any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

[0119] The receiving module 501 is configured to receive Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRBs sent by the access network device through a predefined Distributed Ledger Physical Channel.

[0120] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the receiving module 501 is configured to receive the distributed ledger transmission signaling sent by the access network device through the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and extract the distributed ledger information from the distributed ledger transmission signaling.

[0121] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the receiving module 501 is configured to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB sent by the access network device via the PDSCH.

[0122] In one embodiment, when the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the receiving module 501 is configured to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB broadcast by the access network device through the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).

[0123] This application also provides an access network device, including a processor configured to implement the methods provided in any embodiment of this application when executing a computer program. Exemplarily, the following embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the structure of an access network device as a base station.

[0124] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a base station structure according to an embodiment. As shown in Figure 6, the base station includes a processor 60, a memory 61, and a communication interface 62. The number of processors 60 in the base station can be one or more; Figure 6 shows an example of one processor 60. The processor 60, memory 61, and communication interface 62 in the base station can be connected via a bus or other means; Figure 6 shows an example of connection via a bus. The bus represents one or more types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, a graphics acceleration port, a processor, or a local bus using any of the various bus structures.

[0125] The memory 61, as a computer-readable storage medium, can be configured to store software programs, computer-executable programs, and modules, such as the program instructions / modules corresponding to the methods in the embodiments of this application. The processor 60 executes at least one functional application and data processing of the base station by running the software programs, instructions, and modules stored in the memory 61, thereby implementing the methods described above.

[0126] The memory 61 may include a program storage area and a data storage area. The program storage area may store the operating system and applications required for at least one function; the data storage area may store data created based on the use of the terminal. Furthermore, the memory 61 may include high-speed random access memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device, flash memory device, or other non-volatile solid-state storage device. In some instances, the memory 61 may include memory remotely located relative to the processor 60, and this remote memory may be connected to a base station via a network. Examples of such networks include, but are not limited to, the Internet, corporate intranets, networks, mobile communication networks, and combinations thereof.

[0127] Communication interface 62 can be configured to receive and send data.

[0128] This application also provides a terminal device, including a processor, which is configured to implement the methods provided in any embodiment of this application when executing a computer program. Exemplarily, the following embodiment provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a UE (User Equipment) terminal device.

[0129] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a UE provided in an embodiment. The UE can be implemented in various forms. The UE in this application can include, but is not limited to, mobile terminal devices such as mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, digital broadcast receivers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablet computers (PADs), portable media players (PMPs), navigation devices, in-vehicle terminal devices, in-vehicle display terminals, in-vehicle electronic rearview mirrors, etc., as well as fixed terminal devices such as digital television (TV), desktop computers, etc.

[0130] As shown in Figure 7, UE 50 may include a wireless communication unit 51, an audio / video (A / V) input unit 52, a user input unit 53, a sensing unit 54, an output unit 55, a memory 56, an interface unit 57, a processor 58, and a power supply unit 59, etc. Figure 7 illustrates a UE including multiple components; however, it should be understood that it is not required to implement all of the components shown. More or fewer components may be implemented alternatively.

[0131] In this embodiment, the wireless communication unit 51 allows the UE 50 to communicate wirelessly with a base station or network. The A / V input unit 52 is configured to receive audio or video signals. The user input unit 53 can generate key input data to control various operations of the UE 50 based on user-input commands. The sensing unit 54 detects the current state of the UE 50, the position of the UE 50, the presence or absence of user touch input to the UE 50, the orientation of the UE 50, the acceleration or deceleration of the UE 50, and its direction, etc., and generates commands or signals for controlling the operation of the UE 50. The interface unit 57 serves as an interface through which at least one external device can connect to the UE 50. The output unit 55 is configured to provide output signals in a visual, audio, and / or tactile manner. The memory 56 can store software programs, etc., that perform processing and control operations executed by the processor 58, or can temporarily store data that has been output or will be output. The memory 56 can include at least one type of storage medium. Moreover, the UE 50 can cooperate with a network storage device that performs the storage function of the memory 56 via a network connection. Processor 58 typically controls the overall operation of UE 50. Power supply unit 59, under the control of processor 58, receives external or internal power and provides the appropriate power required to operate various components and assemblies.

[0132] The processor 58 executes at least one functional application and data processing by running a program stored in the memory 56, such as implementing the method provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0133] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the methods provided in any embodiment of this application.

[0134] The computer storage medium in this application embodiment can be any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer-readable medium can be a computer-readable signal medium or a computer-readable storage medium. For example, a computer-readable storage medium can be, but is not limited to, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. Computer-readable storage media include (a non-exhaustive list): electrical connections having one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable, programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof. In this application, the computer-readable storage medium can be any tangible medium containing or storing a program that can be used by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0135] Computer-readable signal media may include data signals propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, the data signals carrying computer-readable program code. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. Computer-readable signal media may also be any computer-readable medium other than computer-readable storage media, which can send, propagate, or transmit programs for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

[0136] Program code contained on a computer-readable medium may be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wire, optical fiber, radio frequency (RF), or any suitable combination thereof.

[0137] Computer program code for performing the operations of this disclosure can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination of programming languages, including object-oriented programming languages ​​(such as Java, Smalltalk, C++, Ruby, and Go) and conventional procedural programming languages ​​(such as the "C" language or similar programming languages). The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network (including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN)), or it can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0138] This invention also provides a computer program product, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method provided in any embodiment of this invention.

[0139] In implementing the computer program product, computer program code for performing the operations of this invention can be written in one or more programming languages ​​or a combination thereof. Programming languages ​​include object-oriented programming languages ​​such as Java, Smalltalk, and C++, as well as conventional procedural programming languages ​​such as C or similar languages. The program code can be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as a standalone software package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In cases involving remote computers, the remote computer can be connected to the user's computer via any type of network—including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN)—or can be connected to an external computer (e.g., via the Internet using an Internet service provider).

[0140] Those skilled in the art will understand that the term user terminal encompasses any suitable type of wireless user equipment, such as mobile phones, portable data processing devices, portable web browsers, or vehicle-mounted mobile stations.

[0141] Generally, the various embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuitry, software, logic, or any combination thereof. For example, some aspects can be implemented in hardware, while others can be implemented in firmware or software that can be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although this application is not limited thereto.

[0142] Embodiments of this application can be implemented by executing computer program instructions through the data processor of a mobile device, for example, in a processor entity, or through hardware, or through a combination of software and hardware. The computer program instructions can be assembly instructions, Instruction Set Architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, status setting data, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages.

[0143] Any block diagram of logical flow in the accompanying drawings of this application may represent program steps, or may represent interconnected logic circuits, modules, and functions, or may represent a combination of program steps and logic circuits, modules, and functions. The computer program may be stored in memory. The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as, but not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), optical storage devices and systems (Digital Multifunction Discs, DVDs, or CDs), etc. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory storage media. The data processor may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, such as, but not limited to, general-purpose computers, special-purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), and processors based on multi-core processor architectures.

Claims

1. A data transmission method applied to an access network device, wherein the access network device and at least one terminal device participate in the same distributed ledger; the method includes: Obtain distributed ledger information; Send transmission data to the terminal device. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying the distributed ledger information, or the transmission data is a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying the distributed ledger information.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying the distributed ledger information, the access network device is provided with a first entity for processing the distributed ledger transmission signaling; The first entity is located at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, or the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, or the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying the distributed ledger information, the access network device is provided with a second entity that processes the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB; The second entity is located in the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The distributed ledger can be a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger; In response to determining that the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; In response to determining that the distributed ledger is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying the distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or in response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying the distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; Sending transmission data to the terminal device includes: The distributed ledger dedicated DRB is broadcast using 5G MBS broadcast technology, a fifth-generation mobile communication technology, through the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH). The distributed ledger dedicated DRB can be successfully received by all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

6. The method according to claim 4, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated Database (DRB) carrying the distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, sending the transmitted data to the terminal device includes: Based on the closed subchain to which the closed subchain distributed ledger information belongs, the group corresponding to the dedicated DRB of the distributed ledger is determined. One closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one group-radio temporary identifier (G-RNTI). Terminal devices located in the same group have the same G-RNTI. The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is sent to all terminal devices in the group using 5G MBS multicast technology.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, wherein, The 5G MBS supports point-to-point (PTP) mode and point-to-multipoint (PTM) mode.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying the distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or in response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying the distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; Sending transmission data to the terminal device includes: The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is sent to all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger through a predefined distributed ledger physical channel.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein, The distributed ledger physical channel is mapped to a predefined distributed ledger transmission channel; The distributed ledger physical channel occupies a fixed frequency domain position and bandwidth in the frequency domain; and uses a fixed time slot configuration in the time domain, occupying a fixed symbol position in the subframe.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying the distributed ledger information, sending the transmission data to the terminal device includes: The distributed ledger transmission signaling is sent to the terminal device via the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH).

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated Database (DRB) carrying the distributed ledger information, sending the transmitted data to the terminal device includes: The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is sent to the terminal device via PDSCH.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated Database (DRB) carrying the distributed ledger information, sending the transmitted data to the terminal device includes: The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is broadcast via the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH), and the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB can be successfully received by the corresponding terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The distributed ledger information is the information associated with the distributed ledger that the access network device obtains and needs to synchronize; The distributed ledger information includes at least one of distributed ledger transaction information, distributed ledger consensus information, and distributed ledger ledger information.

14. A data receiving method, applied to a terminal device, wherein the terminal device and an access network device participate in the same distributed ledger; the method includes: The device receives transmission data sent by the access network device. The transmission data is either distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, or the transmission data is a predefined distributed ledger dedicated data resource block (DRB) carrying distributed ledger information.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device is provided with a first entity for processing the distributed ledger transmission signaling; The first entity is located at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, or the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, or the Media Access Control (MAC) layer.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the terminal device is provided with a second entity that processes the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB; The second entity is located in the Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer.

17. The method of claim 14, wherein, The distributed ledger can be a single-chain distributed ledger or a multi-chain distributed ledger; In response to determining that the distributed ledger is a single-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; In response to determining that the distributed ledger is a multi-chain distributed ledger, the distributed ledger information includes at least one of the following: main chain distributed ledger information, open sub-chain distributed ledger information, and closed sub-chain distributed ledger information.

18. The method according to claim 17, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or in response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; The terminal device can be any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger; The receiving of transmission data sent by the access network device includes: The system employs 5G MBS broadcast technology, a fifth-generation mobile communication technology, to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB broadcast by the access network device via the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH).

19. The method of claim 17, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is closed subchain distributed ledger information, receiving the transmitted data sent by the access network device includes: The system uses 5G MBS multicast technology to receive the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB sent by the access network device. The terminal device is any one of all terminal devices in the group corresponding to the Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB. The group is determined according to the closed subchain to which the closed subchain distributed ledger information belongs. One closed subchain of the distributed ledger corresponds to one Group-Radio Network Temporary Identifier (G-RNTI). Terminal devices in the same group have the same G-RNTI.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is single-chain distributed ledger information; or in response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined DRB dedicated to distributed ledgers carrying distributed ledger information, and that the distributed ledger information is main chain distributed ledger information and / or open sub-chain distributed ledger information; The terminal device can be any one of all terminal devices participating in the distributed ledger; The receiving of transmission data sent by the access network device includes: The distributed ledger dedicated DRB is received by the access network device through a predefined distributed ledger physical channel.

21. The method according to claim 14, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is distributed ledger transmission signaling carrying distributed ledger information, receiving the transmitted data sent by the access network device includes: The distributed ledger transmission signaling sent by the access network device is received via the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH). The distributed ledger information is extracted from the distributed ledger transmission signaling.

22. The method according to claim 14, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the step of receiving the transmitted data sent by the access network device includes: The distributed ledger dedicated DRB is received by the access network device via the PDSCH.

23. The method according to claim 14, wherein, In response to determining that the transmitted data is a predefined Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB carrying distributed ledger information, the step of receiving the transmitted data sent by the access network device includes: The Distributed Ledger Dedicated DRB is received by the access network device via the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH).

24. An access network device, comprising: processor; The processor is used to implement the data transmission method as described in any one of claims 1-13 when executing a computer program.

25. A terminal device, comprising: processor; The processor is used to implement the data receiving method as described in any one of claims 14-23 when executing a computer program.

26. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method as described in any one of claims 1-23.

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