Indication of subsequent reader-to-device message
By enabling A-IoT devices to determine and receive indications about subsequent R2D messages, power consumption and latency are reduced in A-IoT communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/105880
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-22
AI Technical Summary
Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) devices are unaware of whether a subsequent reader-to-device (R2D) message is to be transmitted, leading to power wastage and increased latency due to incorrect expectations.
Implementing a method for A-IoT devices to determine the presence or information about a subsequent R2D message based on device state or event-based determinations, and for reader and transmitter devices to provide indications about subsequent R2D messages.
Conserves power and reduces signaling resource waste and latency by ensuring A-IoT devices have accurate expectations about subsequent R2D messages.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024105880_22012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INDICATION OF SUBSEQUENT READER-TO-DEVICE MESSAGE
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for indicating a subsequent reader-to-device message to an ambient internet of things device.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power) . Aspects of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An telecommunication standard, in some aspects, is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (e.g., cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0005] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0006] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0007] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating a network node in communication with a user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0008] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0009] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of energy harvesting, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0010] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of backscatter communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0011] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an examples of topologies for ambient internet of things (A-IoT) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0012] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of inventory and command signaling, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0013] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of 4-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0014] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of 2-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0015] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an indication of a subsequent R2D message, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0016] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at an A-IoT device or an apparatus of an A-IoT device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0017] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a transmitter device or an apparatus of a transmitter device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0018] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a reader device or an apparatus of a reader device, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0019] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0020] Fig. 15 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.SUMMARY
[0021] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device. The method may include receiving, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message.
[0022] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device. The method may include transmitting, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The method may include transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0023] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a reader device. The method may include transmitting, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination. The method may include transmitting the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.
[0024] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at an A-IoT device. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message.
[0025] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter device. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the transmitter device to transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the transmitter device to transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0026] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a reader device. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the receiver device to transmit, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination. The one or more processors may be individually or collectively configured to cause the receiver device to transmit the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.
[0027] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an A-IoT device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an A-IoT device, may cause the one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of an A-IoT device to receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message.
[0028] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a transmitter device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitter device, may cause the transmitter device to transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the transmitter device, may cause the transmitter device to transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0029] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a reader device. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the reader device, may cause the reader device to transmit, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the reader device, may cause the reader device to transmit the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.
[0030] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0031] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0032] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination. The apparatus may include means for transmitting the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.
[0033] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0034] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. In some aspects, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0036] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0037] A low capability device, such as an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device or a radio frequency identifier (RFID) tag, may rely on passive communication technologies, such as backscatter communication. Backscatter communication involves using a radio frequency (RF) signal to write or transmit data. A backscattering device may or may not include a battery or a power source. A transmitter / reader may be an RF source that transmits a continuous wave (CW) signal that may be received by multiple devices, such as a reader. A wireless device, such as a passive user equipment (UE) (e.g., a tag, an A-IoT device, a UE without energy source, a backscattering device) , may harvest energy (e.g., tens or hundreds of microwatts of electricity) from the signal. The passive UE may use passive reflection and modulation of the signal to transmit a backscatter signal using the harvested energy. That is, the passive UE may modulate the signal to encode data and then reflect a fraction of the wave to the reader or to the transmitter / reader. The backscatter signal may be encoded with information bits (e.g., identifying information, sensor information) of the passive UE. The reader may receive the backscatter signal and read the information bits.
[0038] A-IoT devices may be categorized according to A-IoT device types. In some aspects, an A-IoT device of type A may have no energy storage and no independent signal generation (i.e., backscattering transmission) . An A-IoT device of type B (or types 1 and 2a) may have energy storage but no independent signal generation (i.e., backscattering transmission) . An A-IoT device of type C (or type 2b) may have energy storage and independent signal generation (i.e., active RF component for transmission) .
[0039] In some aspects, a reader device may use a 2-step procedure or a 4-step procedure for establishing access for an A-IoT device. The reader device (or a transmitter device) may transmit a reader-to-device (R2D) message, such as an initial trigger message (A-IoT Msg0) that triggers, for example, an A-IoT access procedure. The A-IoT device may also transmit another R2D message, such as an A-IoT response (A-IoT Msg1 and / or A-IoT Msg3) , either of which may include a device identifier (ID) and / or A-IoT data. The reader device (or the transmitter device) may optionally transmit a subsequent R2D message (A-IoT Msg2 or A-IoT Msg4) . One issue is that the A-IoT device is not aware of whether the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted. If the A-IoT device expects a subsequent R2D message that is not transmitted, the A-IoT device wastes power. If the A-IoT device does not expect a subsequent R2D message that is transmitted, the A-IoT device may miss the subsequent R2D message, and the miss would waste signaling resources and increase latency.
[0040] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communications for A-IoT devices. Some aspects more specifically relate to an A-IoT device that determines whether there is a subsequent R2D message. For example, the reader device (or a transmitter device) may transmit some type of indication of a subsequent R2D message in an R2D message (e.g., A-IoT Msg0 or later message from the reader device to the A-IoT device) . The indication may indicate what is to be included in the subsequent R2D message or when the subsequent R2D message is expected to be received. In another example, the A-IoT device may determine the presence of, or information about, a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a criterion (e.g., a device state or an event-based determination) for receiving a subsequent R2D message.
[0041] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. By having the correct expectation of a subsequent R2D message (e.g., after transmitting the device ID and upper layer data) , the A-IoT device conserves power or signaling resources and reduces latency.
[0042] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. In some aspects, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, IoT connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0043] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or A-IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) . These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0044] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an aspect of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0045] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. In some aspects, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Aspects of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT. In some aspects, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0046] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. In some aspects, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (e.g., 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (e.g., based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (e.g., FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0047] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0048] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (e.g., a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (e.g., two or more distinct physical structures) . In some aspects, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. In some aspects, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (e.g., a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. In some aspects, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0049] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. In some aspects, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0050] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some aspects, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, in some aspects, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0051] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some aspects, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) . A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0052] Some network nodes 110 (e.g., a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (e.g., three) cells. In some aspects, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (e.g., UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some aspects, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. In some aspects, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (e.g., a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0053] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes. In Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. In some aspects, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (e.g., 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (e.g., 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0054] In some aspects, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (e.g., scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (e.g., user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (e.g., reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (e.g., user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0055] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (e.g., a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (e.g., by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0056] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. In some aspects, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some aspects, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0057] In some aspects, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (e.g., another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (e.g., a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In Fig. 1, the network node 110d (e.g., a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (e.g., a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE.
[0058] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (e.g., a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (e.g., a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0059] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0060] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (e.g., operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some aspects, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (e.g., IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (e.g., 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0061] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0062] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (e.g., a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments.
[0063] In some aspects, two or more UEs 120 (shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an aspect, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to the UE 120a first transmitting data in an uplink (UL) communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a downlink (DL) communication. In various aspects, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0064] In various aspects, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (e.g., in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some aspects, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some aspects, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. In some aspects, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other aspects, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. In some aspects, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other aspects, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0065] In some aspects, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some aspects, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) .
[0066] In some aspects, an A-IoT device (e.g., a UE 120, a passive UE, a semi-passive UE) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0067] In some aspects, a transmitter device (e.g., a UE 120, a network node 110) may include a communication manager 140 or 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 or 150 may transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The communication manager 140 or 150 may transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0068] In some aspects, a reader device (e.g., a UE 120, a network node 110) may include a communication manager 140 or 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 or 140 may transmit, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination. The communication manager 140 or 150 may transmit the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 or 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0069] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an aspect. Other aspects may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0070] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating, in some aspects, a network node 110 in communication with a UE 120 in a wireless network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0071] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0072] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. In some aspects, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0073] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. In some aspects, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0074] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some aspects, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (e.g., including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (e.g., semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (e.g., CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (e.g., a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0075] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. In some aspects, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (e.g., to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (e.g., T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0076] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (e.g., from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0077] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (e.g., a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (e.g., a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0078] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (e.g., a semi-static configuration) , in some aspects, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0079] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0080] In some aspects, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0081] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0082] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (e.g., R received signals) to the set of modems 254. In some aspects, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (e.g., filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (e.g., decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0083] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a channel quality indicator (CQI) parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0084] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (e.g., for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (e.g., precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (e.g., U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. In some aspects, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (e.g., to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (e.g., for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (e.g., convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0085] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (e.g., R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0086] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0087] In some aspects, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. In some aspects, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . In some aspects, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0088] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (e.g., an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0089] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. In some aspects, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another aspect, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0090] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. In some aspects, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0091] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating, in some aspects, disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (e.g., via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0092] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0093] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. In some aspects, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real- time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0094] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0095] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0096] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some aspects, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. In some aspects, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0097] As indicated above, Fig. 3 is provided as an aspect. Other aspects may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 3.
[0098] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with indicating or determining the transmission of a subsequent R2D message, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In some aspects, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, in some aspects, process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, process 1300 of Fig. 13, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . In some aspects, the wireless device described herein may be the UE 120, a passive UE, or a semi-passive UE. The wireless device described herein is the UE 120 without a power source, is included in the UE 120, or includes one or more components of the UE 120 shown in Fig. 2. In some aspects, the receiving device described herein (that is to receive the reported data) is the network node 110 or the UE 120, is included in the network node 110 or the UE 120, or includes one or more components of the network node 110 or the UE 120 shown in Fig. 2. The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some aspects, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (in some aspects, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . In some aspects, the set of instructions, when executed (e.g., directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1100 of Fig. 11, process 1200 of Fig. 12, process 1300 of Fig. 13, or other processes as described herein. In some aspects, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions.
[0099] In some aspects, an A-IoT device (e.g., a UE 120, a passive UE, a semi-passive UE) includes means for receiving, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. In some aspects, the means for the A-IoT device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0100] In some aspects, a transmitter device (e.g., a UE 120, a network node 110) includes means for transmitting, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message; and / or means for transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted. In some aspects, the means for the transmitter device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some aspects, the means for the transmitter device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0101] In some aspects, a reader device (e.g., a UE 120, a network node 110) includes means for transmitting, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination; and / or means for transmitting the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination. In some aspects, the means for the reader device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246. In some aspects, the means for the reader device to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0102] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an aspect 400 of energy harvesting, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0103] Energy harvesting includes a device obtaining energy from a source other than an on-device battery. This may include obtaining energy from a source outside of the device. Devices that use energy harvesting may have a small energy storage device or battery (e.g., smart watch, RedCap devices, eRedCap devices, IoT devices) or no energy storage device or battery (e.g., zero-power devices, IoT devices, wearables, or financial devices) . Such devices may be categorized based on energy storage capacities. Some devices may have no energy storage (storage capacity 1) . Some devices may store up to E1 Joules (storage capacity 2) . Some devices may store up to E2 Joules (storage capacity 3) .
[0104] Energy harvesting may include converting RF energy transferred from another device. The harvesting of RF energy may not fully charge a battery but may be used for some tasks like data decoding, operating some filters, data reception, data encoding, data reception, and / or data transmission. The energy may be accumulated over time. Energy harvesting may also be a part of self-sustainable networks, where a node in the network can interact in the network through the energy harvested in the network through transmissions.
[0105] As shown in Fig. 4, an RF receiver (e.g., a UE 120) may receive signals (e.g., radio signals carried on radio waves) from an RF transmitter (e.g., a network node 110 or UE 120) and convert electromagnetic energy of the signals (e.g., using a rectenna comprising a dipole antenna with an RF diode) into direct current electricity for use by the RF receiver. The RF receiver may be a low-power device or a zero-power device. The RF transmitter may be referred to as a “charging device. ”
[0106] As shown by reference number 405, in some aspects, the RF receiver may use a separated receiver architecture, where a first set of antennas is configured to harvest energy (e.g., using energy harvester 406) , and a second set of antennas is configured to receive data (e.g., using information receiver 408) . In this scenario, each set of antennas may be separately configured to receive signals at certain times, frequencies, and / or via one or more particular beams, such that all signals received by the first set of antennas are harvested for energy, and all signals received by the second set of antennas are processed to receive information.
[0107] As shown by reference number 410, in some aspects, the RF receiver may use a time-switching architecture (e.g., with time switcher 412) to harvest energy. The time switching architecture may use one or more antennas to receive signals, and whether the signals are harvested for energy or processed to receive information depends on the time at which the signals are received. In some aspects, one or more first time slots may be time slots during which received signals are sent to one or more energy harvesting components, such as energy harvester 406, to harvest energy, and one or more second time slots may be time slots during which received signals are processed and decoded by one or more information receivers 408 to receive information. In some aspects, the time slots may be pre-configured (e.g., by the RF receiver, the RF transmitter, or another device) .
[0108] As shown by reference number 415, in some aspects, the RF receiver may use a power splitting architecture (e.g., with power splitter 416) to harvest energy. The power splitting architecture may use one or more antennas to receive signals, and the signals are handled by one or both of the energy harvesting and / or information receiving components according to an energy harvesting rate. In some aspects, the RF receiver may be configured to use a first portion of received signals for energy harvesting and the remaining received signals for information receiving. The energy harvesting mode for a device may be semi-statistically configured by RRC messaging. In some aspects, the energy harvesting rate may be pre-configured (e.g., by the RF receiver, the RF transmitter, or another device) . Communications with a network entity may be required, even in the energy harvesting mode, but with a reduced radio capability to reduce power consumption.
[0109] The RF receiver may receive signals for energy harvesting on certain resources (e.g., time, frequency, and / or spatial resources) and at a certain power level that results in a particular charging rate. Energy harvested by the RF receiver may be used and / or stored for later use. In some aspects, the RF receiver may be powered directly by the harvested energy. In some aspects, the RF receiver may use an energy storage device, such as a battery, capacitor, and / or supercapacitor, to gather and store harvested energy for immediate and / or later use.
[0110] The energy harvesting device may have a low-power or wake-up radio that is configured to detect a low-power wake up signal (WUS) but not perform other communications. The energy harvesting device may have a main radio that is configured to perform communications and that consumes more power than the low-power radio or wake-up radio. The energy harvesting device may have limited RF capabilities (less than enhanced UE) or full RF capabilities (comparable to enhanced UE) .
[0111] Energy harvesting devices, more generally, may rely equally or differently on different energy harvesting techniques such as solar power, vibration, thermal energy, or RF energy harvesting. Energy harvesting can be predictable or unpredictable due to the energy being intermittently available. Current communications use fixed activity cycles for transmission and reception, such as an on duration of an active discontinuous reception (DRX) cycle. The active DRX cycle may include a part of the DRX cycle when a DRX on-duration timer (for a time that the UE is monitoring for PDCCH communications) or a DRX inactivity timer (time UE is active after successfully decoding a PDCCH communication) is running. A timer may run once it is started, until it is stopped or until it expires; otherwise, it is not running. A timer may start if it is not running or restarted if it is running. A timer may be started or restarted from its initial value.
[0112] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an aspect. Other aspects may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0113] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an aspect 500 of backscatter communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0114] Energy harvesting (EH) devices may include A-IoT devices (e.g., RFID tags) that rely on passive communication technologies, such as backscatter communication. An A-IoT may also be referred to as an “A-IoT, ” “passive UE, ” “ambient backscatter device, ” or “backscatter device. ” An A-IoT device may include a passive device, a semi-passive device, or an active device. For transmission, an A-IoT device may include both backscatter communication and active transmission. Backscatter communication involves using an RF signal to write or transmit data without a battery or a power source. However, a semi-passive UE may involve backscatter communication while using energy storage. A transmitter / reader 502 may be an RF source that transmits a continuous wave (CW) signal (radio wave denoted as x (n) ) that may be received by multiple devices, such as a reader 504. A wireless device, such as passive UE 506 (e.g., a tag, an A-IoT device, a passive UE, a UE 120 without an energy source, a backscattering device) or a semi-passive UE (e.g., some battery power) , may harvest energy (e.g., tens or hundreds of microwatts of electricity) from the signal. The passive UE 506 or the semi-passive UE may use passive reflection and modulation of the signal to transmit a backscatter signal using the harvested energy. That is, the passive UE 506 or the semi-passive UE may modulate the signal to encode data and then reflect a fraction of the wave to the reader 504 or to the transmitter / reader 502. The backscatter signal may be encoded with information bits (e.g., identifying information, sensor information) of the passive UE 506 or semi-passive UE. The reader 504 may receive the backscatter signal and read the information bits. In some scenarios, the passive UE 506 or the passive UE may use information commands (e.g., write, transmit) or bits (e.g., data, configuration, indications) modulated in a received data or control signal to write commands or bits to the passive UE 506 itself.
[0115] In aspect 500, D1 is for the transmitter / reader 502, D2 is for the reader 504, and T is for the passive UE 506 for transmitted signal h. As shown by reference number 508, a CW signal may be represented by hD1D2 (n) . One modulation method for backscattering includes amplitude shift keying (ASK) , which switches on the reflection when transmitting information bit “1” and switches off the reflection when transmitting information bit “0” . Reference number 510 shows information bits by a backscattering device, represented as σfhD1T (n) hTD2 (n) s (n) . If the information bits of a backscattering device are s (n) ∈ {0, 1} , the received signal at the reader 504 may be y (n) = (hD1D2 (n) +σfhD1T (n) hTD2 (n) s (n) ) x (n) +noise, as shown by reference number 512. When s (n) =0, reflection is switched off at the passive UE 506 such that the reader 504 only receives a direct link signal (y (n) =hD1D2 (n) x (n) +noise) . When s (n) =1, reflection is switched on at the passive UE 506 such that the reader 504 receives the superposition of both the direct link signal and the backscatter, which is represented as y (n) = (hD1D2 (n) +σfhD1T (n) hTD2 (n) s (n) ) x (n) +noise, where σf denotes the reflection coefficient. The modulated wave from the passive UE 506 may involve ASK, phase shift keying (PSK) , or frequency-shift keying (FSK) .
[0116] To receive the transmitted information bits by the passive UE 506, the reader 504 may first decode x (n) based on the known hD1D2 (n) , by treating the backscatter link signal as interference. The reader 504 may then detect the existence of the term σfhD1T (n) hTD2 (n) s (n) x (n) by subtracting hD1D2 (n) x (n) from y (n) .
[0117] There is a tradeoff between harvested energy at the passive UE 506 and a received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at a reader (e.g., the reader 504) . The harvested energy at the passive UE 506 is a function of a first channel (forwarding link (FL) ) between the transmitter / reader 502 and the passive UE 506, and the SNR at the reader 504 is a function of both the first channel and a second channel (backscattering link (BL) ) between the passive UE 506 and the reader 504. Due to the difference between the first channel and the second channel and the energy harvester nonlinearity, the optimal transmit waveform design for SNR and the optimal transmit waveform design for energy maximization are different.
[0118] A topology may be monostatic, where the RF source and the reader are the same device. A topology may be bistatic, where the RF source and the reader are different devices, such as shown in aspect 500. While an RFID tag may have a simple structure and an envelope detector for a carrier wave from a reader, an A-IoT device may involve a topology that includes a network entity (e.g., gNB, a UE, and a tag (UE as relay) ) or a topology that includes a UE and a tag. The A-IoT tag can be more powerful and may harvest and store energy.
[0119] A read command in an RFID may allow a transmitting device (e.g., reader, interrogator) to read part or all of a tag’s reserved memory, electronic product code (EPC) memory, tag ID (TID) memory, or user memory. The reserved memory may include the kill password and and / or access passwords. The EPC memory may include memory addresses or a code (such as an EPC, and hereafter referred to as an EPC) that identifies the object belonging to the tag and if the tag implements Extended Protocol Control (XPC) . The TID memory may include identifying information for an interrogator to uniquely identify the custom commands and / or optional features that a tag supports. The user memory may allow user-specific data storage.
[0120] A-IoT devices may be categorized according to A-IoT device types. In some aspects, an A-IoT device of type A may have no energy storage and no independent signal generation (i.e., backscattering transmission) . An A-IoT device of type A may have no passive filtering capability, and thus a transmitting device may not transmit a signal to difference devices at the same time but with different frequencies. An A-IoT device of type B may have energy storage but no independent signal generation (i.e., backscattering transmission) . An A-IoT device of type A or an A-IoT device of type B may have no energy to maintain a clock (e.g., preconfiguring the monitoring occasion for a downlink signal may not work) . The use of stored energy may include amplification for reflected signals. An A-IoT device of type C may have energy storage and independent signal generation (i.e., active RF component for transmission) . An A- IoT device of type B or type C may have energy to maintain the clock, but the clock stability may be loose.
[0121] In some aspects, A-IoT devices or A-IoT device types may be placed into groups. Groups (grouping 1) may include a group for indoor devices, a group for outdoor devices, and a group for both indoor / outdoor devices. Other groups (grouping B) may include a group of inventory devices, a group of sensors, a group of positioning devices, or a group of command devices. Grouping A and grouping B may be separate or together (e.g., group first by A, and second by B) .
[0122] Indoor use cases for sensors may include for smart homes, smart laundry, smart agriculture, smart farms, and smart stables. Outdoor use cases for sensors may include smart grids, forest fire monitoring, dairy farming, smart manholes, and smart bridge health monitoring. Commands for the devices may include commands for an online modification of medical instrument status, device activation and deactivation, elderly health care, permanent device deactivation, electronic shelf labels, or smart agriculture controllers.
[0123] In some aspects, an ambient IoT device may be configured for ~1 micro watts (μW) peak power consumption, energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X parts per million (ppm) , but neither downlink nor uplink amplification in the ambient IoT device. The SFO corresponds to a mismatch between the oscillator of the transmitter and the oscillator of the receiver. The device’s uplink transmission may be backscattered on a carrier wave and provided externally. In some aspects, an ambient IoT device may be configured for less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, energy storage, an initial SFO up to 10X ppm, and both downlink and / or uplink amplification in the device. The device’s uplink transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The device may have a range of 10-50 meters indoors.
[0124] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an aspect. Other aspects may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0125] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an examples 600 and 602 of topologies for A-IoT, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0126] Example 600 shows a first topology (Topology 1) that may involve a network entity-based reader, where a A-IoT device 620 directly and bidirectionally communicates with a network entity 610, such as a base station (e.g., gNB) . The communication may include A-IoT data and / or signaling. Example 602 shows a second topology (Topology 2) that may involve a UE-based reader, where the A-IoT device 620 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 630 between the A-IoT device 620 and the network entity 610. The intermediate node 630 may be a UE that is capable of being an A-IoT device. The intermediate node 630 transfers A-IoT data and / or signaling between the network entity 610 and the A-IoT device 620.
[0127] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 6.
[0128] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 of inventory and command signaling, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0129] An A-IoT device 710 may communicate with a reader device 720, which may communicate with an application device 730. The A-IoT device 710 may be inventoried or receive commands. An inventory refers to determining the identity of all or a subset of A-IoT Devices in the range of readers. The reader that received the inventory request from the A-IoT controller / application performs the inventory procedure to discover and trigger all or a subset of A-IoT devices to perform A-IoT access. As shown by reference number 735, an application device 730 (e.g., server, function) transmits an inventory request to a reader device 720. As shown by reference number 740, the reader device 720 transmits an inventory trigger message. As shown by reference number 745, there is now A-IoT access between the A-IoT device 710 and the reader device 720. As shown by reference number 750, the reader device 720 may transmit an inventory response to the application device 730.
[0130] An application function may issue a command to one or more A-IoT devices via selected readers. The command may include a read command, a write command, and a disable command. As shown by reference number 755, the application device 730 may transmit a command to the reader device 720. As shown by reference number 760, the reader device 720 may transmit a command message. As shown by reference number 765, A-IoT access and A-IoT data reporting may take place between the A-IoT device 710 and the reader device 720. As shown by reference number 770, the reader device 720 may transmit a command response (e.g., containing an acknowledgement and optionally A-IoT data) . Filter criteria may include criteria to limit an inventory or command to A-IoT devices that match certain criteria.
[0131] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0132] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example 800 of 4-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0133] In some aspects, the reader device 720 may use an A-IoT access procedure to discover the A-IoT device 710. As shown by reference number 805, the reader device 720 may transmit an R2D message, such as an initial trigger message (A-IoT Msg0) . As shown by reference number 810, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit an A-IoT access message (A-IoT Msg1) with a random ID. As shown by reference number 815, the reader device 720 may transmit an access response (A-IoT Msg2) to the A-IoT device 710. As shown by reference number 820, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit an A-IoT response (A-IoT Msg3) with a device ID and / or A-IoT data.
[0134] While the reader device 720 is described in example 800, the transmitting device (e.g., that transmits the CW) may also perform these operations. In some aspects, the reader device 720 and the transmitter device are the same device (Topology 1) . In some aspects, the reader device 720 and the transmitter device are different devices (Topology 2) , where the reader device 720 may be an intermediate node. The reader device 720 as an intermediate node may also transmit the CW, as a transmitter device. To simplify explanation, the A-IoT device 710 will be described as interacting with the reader device 720.
[0135] After the A-IoT device 710 transmits the device ID and / or upper layer A-IoT data in A-IoT Msg1 or A-IoT Msg3, there may be a response message from the reader device 720. As shown by reference number 825, the reader device 720 may transmit a subsequent R2D message (A-IoT Msg4) . This completes a first round of A-IoT access.
[0136] As shown by reference number 830, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit an A-IoT access message (A-IoT Msg1) with a random ID. As shown by reference number 835, the reader device 720 may transmit an access response (A-IoT Msg2) to the A-IoT device 710. As shown by reference number 840, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit an A-IoT response (A-IoT Msg3) with a device ID and / or A-IoT data. As shown by reference number 845, the reader device 720 may optionally transmit a subsequent R2D message (A-IoT Msg4) . This completes a second round of A-IoT access.
[0137] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0138] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 of 2-step A-IoT access, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0139] In some aspects, the reader device 720 may use an A-IoT access procedure that is two steps rather than four steps. As shown by reference number 905, the reader device 720 may transmit an initial trigger message (A-IoT Msg0) . As shown by reference number 910, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit an A-IoT response (A-IoT Msg1) with a device ID and / or A-IoT data. As shown by reference number 915, the reader device 720 may optionally transmit a subsequent R2D message (A-IoT Msg2) . This completes the first round of A-IoT access.
[0140] In a legacy NR random access channel (RACH) framework, Msg4 or MsgB is mainly used for contention resolution of a RACH procedure. However, in A-IoT access, the contention resolution may be considered as successful if an A-IoT Msg2 that includes the random ID from A-IoT Msg1 is successfully received. The term “subsequent R2D message” may be interchangeably used with “A-IoT Msg 4” in 4-step A-IoT access or “A-IoT Msg2” in 2-step A-IoT access. One issue is that the A-IoT device 710 is not aware of whether the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted. If the A-IoT device 710 expects a subsequent R2D message that is not transmitted, the A-IoT device 710 wastes power. If the A-IoT device 710 does not expect a subsequent R2D message that is transmitted, the A-IoT device 710 may miss the subsequent R2D message, and the miss would waste signaling resources and increase latency.
[0141] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
[0142] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 of an indication of a subsequent R2D message, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0143] According to various aspects described herein, a A-IoT device may determine whether there is a subsequent R2D message. For example, a transmitter device or a reader device may transmit some type of indication of a subsequent R2D message. The indication may indicate what is to be included in the subsequent R2D message or when the subsequent R2D message is expected to be received. In another example, the A-IoT device may determine the presence of or information about a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a criterion for receiving a subsequent R2D message. By having the correct expectation of a subsequent R2D message (e.g., after transmitting the device ID and upper layer data) , the A-IoT device conserves power or signaling resources and reduces latency.
[0144] While the reader device is described in example 1000, a transmitting device (e.g., that transmits the CW) may also perform these operations. In some aspects, the reader device and the transmitter device are the same device (Topology 1) . In some aspects, the reader device and the transmitter device are different devices (Topology 2) , where the reader device may be an intermediate node. The reader device as an intermediate node may also transmit the CW, as a transmitter device. To simplify explanation, in example 1000, the A-IoT device 1010 will be described as interacting with the reader device 1020.
[0145] The subsequent R2D message may acknowledge the reception of the device ID and / or the upper layer data sent in the previous D2R message. The subsequent R2D message may trigger the next round of A-IoT access or A-IoT data communication. The next round may be necessary if the A-IoT device 1010 could not achieve contention resolution in the first round of A-IoT access or if an A-IoT Msg3 is not received successfully. Multiple rounds of A-IoT data communication may be triggered, if A-IoT data segmentation is supported, where the next trigger leads to an additional A-IoT data response in the subsequent phase.
[0146] Example 1000 shows an A-IoT access procedure, where the A-IoT device 1010 may determine whether there is a subsequent R2D message. As shown by reference number 1025, the reader device 1020 may transmit an initial trigger message (A-IoT Msg0) . The Msg0 may include an indication 1006 that indicates that the A-IoT device 1010 is to expect a subsequent R2D message (at reference number 1045) . In some aspects, the indication 1006 may indicate that the A-IoT device 1010 is to not expect a subsequent R2D message, and the A-IoT device 1010 may not expend resources to monitor for a subsequent R2D message.
[0147] As shown by reference number 1030, the A-IoT device 1010 may have A-IoT access. As shown by reference number 1035, the reader device 1020 may transmit an access response (A-IoT MsgX) to the A-IoT device 1010. In some aspects, the reader device 1020 may include the indication 1006 in the MsgX, before the A-IoT data response (MsgX+1) with the device ID and the upper layer data shown by reference number 1040. As shown by reference number 1045, the reader device 1020 may transmit the subsequent R2D message, if the indication 1006 indicates that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted. As shown by reference number 1050, the A-IoT device 1010 may be involved with A-IoT data communication.
[0148] In some aspects, the indication 1006 may include information about the subsequent R2D message. For example, the indication 1006 may indicate a pattern of subsequent R2D messages. The indication 1006 may indicate whether the subsequent R2D message is present (or not) within a specified time duration (and specify the time duration) . The indication 1006 may indicate the quantity of subsequent R2D messages, or the quantity within a specified time duration. The indication 1006 may indicate a periodicity of the subsequent R2D messages. In some aspects, the indication 1006 may indicate how many bytes are expected to be received in one subsequent R2D message, or the total bytes of multiple subsequent R2D messages for the specified time duration.
[0149] In some aspects, the indication 1006 may include information about what content will be carried in the subsequent R2D messages. For example, the subsequent R2D message may include an implicit negative acknowledgement (NACK) for multi-step A-IoT access. The reader device 1020 may resend a random ID that was received in an A-IoT Msg1 (same as what would be done in an A-IoT Msg2) , which implies that the reader device 1020 has failed to receive the device ID and / or upper layer data after the A-IoT Msg2. In another example, the subsequent R2D message may include an explicit acknowledgement (ACK) or NACK of reception of the device ID and / or upper layer data.
[0150] In some aspects, the subsequent R2D message may include a repeated trigger message or a next trigger message with the same request, command, or purpose as the initial trigger message. The subsequent R2D message may transmit addition CW energy and / or a resource for subsequent A-IoT data communication (to all A-IoT devices or certain A-IoT devices) . The subsequent R2D message may include an ID (e.g., temporary device ID or group ID allocation) assigned to the A-IoT device 1010 for subsequent A-IoT data transmission and reception. The subsequent R2D message may include back-off time information for the A-IoT device 1010 to re-attempt a new round after a specified time duration or after a specified quantity of triggers. The subsequent R2D may include any combination of the above information.
[0151] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may determine whether there is a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a state of the A-IoT device 1010 or an event-based determination. For example, the upper layer may indicate that there is a subsequent R2D message. The A-IoT device 1010 may receive an A-IoT paging or inventory message and not receive a subsequent R2D message. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may determine the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 not being in an inventoried state. If the A-IoT device 1010 is maintaining multiple sessions, the state of the specific, indicated, or configured session is not an inventoried state or the A-IoT device 1010 has at least one session that is in a not inventoried state.
[0152] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may make a determination 1008 about the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on whether the A-IoT device 1010 has transmitted its device ID. The A-IoT device 1010 may determine the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 not having a valid temporary device ID (e.g., one allocated by the reader device 1020) . The A-IoT device 1010 may transmit an A-IoT Msg1, receive an A-IoT Msg2 (or considers contention resolution) and not receive a subsequent R2D message.
[0153] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may determine the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 transmitting or receiving a message with a specific logical channel (logical channel ID or index) . The A-IoT device 1010 may determine the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 transmitting a request for feedback. The A-IoT device 1010 may determine the presence of a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a timer of the A-IoT device 1010 running, where the timer is started by receiving an A-IoT paging message, receiving an inventory message, receiving an A-IoT Msg2, transmitting an A-IoT Msg1, transmitting a device ID, or transmitting a specific message.
[0154] Some A-IoT behavior may be associated with an expectation of feedback (e.g., in the subsequent R2D message) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may expect feedback when the A-IoT device 1010 starts a timer to expect feedback (e.g., timer set to how long to wait for feedback) . The A-IoT device 1010 may not react to a subsequent message from the reader device 1020 (e.g., inventory message, command message) . For a multi-session case, A-IoT device behavior may be applied when the A-IoT device 1010 receives the subsequent R2D message (e.g., inventory message) for the concerning session for which the A-IoT device 1010 is waiting for a subsequent R2D message. The A-IoT device 1010 may not react to any subsequent R2D message in a multi-session case.
[0155] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may not perform (refrain from) A-IoT random access (e.g., not transmit an A-IoT Msg1 or not receive an A-IoT Msg2) . The A-IoT device 1010 may restart or extend the timer if the A-IoT device 1010 receives such an indication from the reader device 1020 or the upper layer. The A-IoT device 1010 may expect feedback and transmit the same message based at least in part on receiving a request for message transmission (or for repeating the message) .
[0156] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 1010 may not expect feedback based at least in part on a release of a temporary ID (e.g., random value used in an A-IoT Msg1, ID allocated by reader device 1020) . The A-IoT device 1010 may not expect feedback when entering a specific state (e.g., error state) . In such a state, the A-IoT device 1010 may receive and process only a paging message or an inventory message.
[0157] In some aspects, the reader device 1020 determine whether to transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on an earlier R2D message that includes an indication or based at least in part on an A-IoT device state or an event-based determination 1012. The reader device 1020 may transmit an A-IoT paging or inventory message and not transmit a subsequent R2D message. In some aspects, the reader device 1020 may transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 not being in an inventoried state. If the A-IoT device 1010 is maintaining multiple sessions, the state of the specific, indicated, or configured session is not an inventoried state or the A-IoT device 1010 has at least one session that is in a not inventoried state.
[0158] In some aspects, the reader device 1020 may make the determination 1012 about transmitting a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on whether the reader device has received a device ID from the A-IoT device 1010. The reader device 1020 may transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 not having a valid temporary device ID (e.g., one allocated by the reader device 1020) . The A-IoT device 1010 may receive an A-IoT Msg1, transmit an A-IoT Msg2 (or considers contention resolution) and not transmit a subsequent R2D message.
[0159] In some aspects, the reader device 1020 may transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 transmitting or receiving a message with a specific logical channel (logical channel ID or index) . The reader device 1020 may transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the A-IoT device 1010 transmitting a request for feedback. In some aspects, the reader device 1020 may transmit a subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a timer at the reader device 1020 running, where the timer is started by transmitting an A-IoT paging message, transmitting an inventory message, transmitting an A-IoT Msg2, receiving an A-IoT Msg1, receiving a device ID, or receiving a specific message.
[0160] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 10.
[0161] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1100 performed, for example, at an A-IoT device or an apparatus of an A-IoT device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example where the apparatus or the A-IoT device (e.g., A-IoT device 1010) performs operations associated with indicating a subsequent R2D message brief description of the drawings.
[0162] As shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message (block 1110) . For example, the A-IoT device (e.g., using reception component 1402 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0163] As further shown in Fig. 11, in some aspects, process 1100 may include receiving the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted (block 1120) . For example, the A-IoT device (e.g., using reception component 1402 and / or communication manager 1406, depicted in Fig. 14) may transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0164] Process 1100 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0165] In a first aspect, the indication indicates that the subsequent R2D message is to be received, and process 1100 includes receiving the subsequent R2D message.
[0166] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the R2D message includes an initial trigger message (e.g., Msg0) or an access response message in response to a device access message.
[0167] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages.
[0168] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the indication indicates whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration.
[0169] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the indication indicates a quantity of subsequent R2D messages.
[0170] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the indication indicates a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages.
[0171] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the indication indicates a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message or a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within a specified time duration.
[0172] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the indication indicates what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message.
[0173] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random ID received in a device-to-reader (D2R) message to indicate an implicit NACK, an ACK or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, CW energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.
[0174] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, process 1100 includes determining a subsequent R2D presence based at least in part on an upper layer indication, a paging or inventory message, a device state, a transmission of a device ID, an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a reception of an access response message (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, process 1100 includes, in association with receiving feedback, starting a timer, refraining from reacting to a subsequent R2D message, refraining from performing random access, restarting or extending a timer, retransmitting a message, or a combination thereof.
[0175] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 1100 includes releasing a temporary identifier or entering a specific state in association with not receiving feedback.
[0176] Although Fig. 11 shows example blocks of process 1100, in some aspects, process 1100 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 11. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1100 may be performed in parallel.
[0177] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1200 performed, for example, at a transmitter device or an apparatus of a transmitter device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example where the apparatus or the transmitter device (e.g., transmitter device, reader device 1020) performs operations associated with indicating a subsequent R2D message.
[0178] As shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include transmitting, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message (block 1210) . For example, the transmitter device (e.g., using transmission component 1504 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0179] As further shown in Fig. 12, in some aspects, process 1200 may include transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted (block 1220) . For example, the transmitter device (e.g., using transmission component 1504 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0180] Process 1200 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0181] In a first aspect, the R2D message includes an initial trigger message (e.g., Msg0) or an access response message in response to a device access message.
[0182] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.
[0183] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random ID received in a D2R message (e.g., A-IoT Msg1) to indicate an implicit NACK, an ACK or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, CW energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.
[0184] Although Fig. 12 shows example blocks of process 1200, in some aspects, process 1200 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 12. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1200 may be performed in parallel.
[0185] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, at a reader device or an apparatus of a reader device, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example where the apparatus or the reader device (e.g., reader device 1020) performs operations associated with indicating a subsequent R2D message.
[0186] As shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include transmitting, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination (block 1310) . For example, the reader device (e.g., using transmission component 1504 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may transmit, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0187] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include transmitting the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination (block 1320) . For example, the reader device (e.g., using transmission component 1504 and / or communication manager 1506, depicted in Fig. 15) may transmit the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination, as described above in connection with Fig. 10.
[0188] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0189] In a first aspect, transmitting the indication and the subsequent R2D message includes transmitting the indication and the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a transmission of a paging or inventory message, a device state of the A-IoT device, a transmission of a device ID, an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a transmission of an access response message (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof.
[0190] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.
[0191] Although Fig. 13 shows example blocks of process 1300, in some aspects, process 1300 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 13. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1300 may be performed in parallel.
[0192] Fig. 14 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1400 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1400 may be an A-IoT device, or an A-IoT device may include the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 includes a reception component 1402, a transmission component 1404, and / or a communication manager 1406, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1406 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1400 may communicate with another apparatus 1408, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1402 and the transmission component 1404.
[0193] In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-10. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1400 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1100 of Fig. 11. In some aspects, the apparatus 1400 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may include one or more components of the A-IoT device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0194] The reception component 1402 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1408. The reception component 1402 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1400. In some aspects, the reception component 1402 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the A-IoT device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0195] The transmission component 1404 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1400 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1404 for transmission to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1408. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the A-IoT device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1404 may be co-located with the reception component 1402 in one or more transceivers.
[0196] The communication manager 1406 may support operations of the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404. For example, the communication manager 1406 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1402 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1404. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1406 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1402 and / or the transmission component 1404 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0197] The reception component 1402 may receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The communication manager 1406 may determine a subsequent R2D presence based at least in part on an upper layer indication, a paging or inventory message, a device state, a transmission of a device ID, an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a reception of an access response message (e.g., A-IoT Msg2) or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof. The communication manager 1406 may release a temporary ID or entering a specific state in association with not receiving feedback.
[0198] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 14 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 14. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 14 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 14 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 14.
[0199] Fig. 15 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1500 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1500 may be a transmitter device, or a transmitter device may include the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 includes a reception component 1502, a transmission component 1504, and / or a communication manager 1506, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1506 is the communication manager 140 or 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1500 may communicate with another apparatus 1508, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1502 and the transmission component 1504.
[0200] In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-10. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1500 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1200 of Fig. 12. In some aspects, the apparatus 1500 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 15 may include one or more components of the transmitter device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0201] The reception component 1502 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1508. The reception component 1502 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1500. In some aspects, the reception component 1502 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0202] The transmission component 1504 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1500 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1504 for transmission to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1508. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the transmitter device described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1504 may be co-located with the reception component 1502 in one or more transceivers.
[0203] The communication manager 1506 may support operations of the reception component 1502 and / or the transmission component 1504. For example, the communication manager 1506 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1502 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1504. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1506 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1502 and / or the transmission component 1504 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0204] In some aspects as a transmitter device, the transmission component 1504 may transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The transmission component 1504 may transmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0205] In some aspects as a receiver device, the reception component 1502 may receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message. The reception component 1502 may receive the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0206] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 15 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 15. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 15 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 15 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 15.
[0207] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0208] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, comprising: receiving, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message.
[0209] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the indication indicates that the subsequent R2D message is to be received, and wherein the method includes receiving the subsequent R2D message.
[0210] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the R2D message includes an initial trigger message or an access response message in response to a device access message.
[0211] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages.
[0212] Aspect 5: The method of any of Aspects 1-4, wherein the indication indicates whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration.
[0213] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 1-5, wherein the indication indicates a quantity of subsequent R2D messages.
[0214] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the indication indicates a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages.
[0215] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the indication indicates a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message or a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within a specified time duration.
[0216] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the indication indicates what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message.
[0217] Aspect 10: The method of any of Aspects 1-9, wherein the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random identifier (ID) received in a device-to-reader (D2R) message to indicate an implicit negative acknowledgement (NACK) , an acknowledgement (ACK) or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, continuous wave energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.
[0218] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 1-10, further comprising determining a subsequent R2D presence based at least in part on an upper layer indication, a paging or inventory message, a device state, a transmission of a device identifier (ID) , an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a reception of an access response message or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof.
[0219] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, further comprising, in association with receiving feedback, starting a timer, refraining from reacting to a subsequent R2D message, refraining from performing random access, restarting or extending a timer, retransmitting a message, or a combination thereof.
[0220] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, further comprising releasing a temporary identifier or entering a specific state in association with not receiving feedback.
[0221] Aspect 14: A method of wireless communication performed by a transmitter device, comprising: transmitting, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message; and transmitting the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.
[0222] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the R2D message includes an initial trigger message or an access response message in response to a device access message.
[0223] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 14-15, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.
[0224] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 14-16, wherein the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random identifier (ID) received in a device-to-reader (D2R) message to indicate an implicit negative acknowledgement (NACK) , an acknowledgement (ACK) or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, continuous wave energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.
[0225] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a reader device, comprising: transmitting, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination; and transmitting the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.
[0226] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, wherein transmitting the indication and the subsequent R2D message includes transmitting the indication and the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a transmission of a paging or inventory message, a device state of the A-IoT device, a transmission of a device identifier (ID) , an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a transmission of an access response message or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof.
[0227] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.
[0228] Aspect 21: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0229] Aspect 22: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0230] Aspect 23: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0231] Aspect 24: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0232] Aspect 25: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0233] Aspect 26: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0234] Aspect 27: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-20.
[0235] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0236] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, in some aspects, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. It will be apparent that systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art will understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0237] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold.
[0238] As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an aspect, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (e.g., a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a +c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0239] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (e.g., an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (e.g., if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . It should be understood that “one or more” is equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0240] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at an ambient internet of things (A-IoT) device, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to:receive, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates that the subsequent R2D message is to be received, and wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to receive the subsequent R2D message.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the R2D message includes an initial trigger message or an access response message in response to a device access message.4.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages.5.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration.6.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates a quantity of subsequent R2D messages.7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message or a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within a specified time duration.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message.10.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random identifier (ID) received in a device-to-reader (D2R) message to indicate an implicit negative acknowledgement (NACK) , an acknowledgement (ACK) or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, continuous wave energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.11.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to determine a subsequent R2D presence based at least in part on an upper layer indication, a paging or inventory message, a device state, a transmission of a device identifier (ID) , an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a reception of an access response message or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof.12.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to, in association with receiving feedback, start a timer, refrain from reacting to a subsequent R2D message, refrain from performing random access, restart or extend a timer, retransmit a message, or a combination thereof.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the A-IoT device to release a temporary identifier or enter a specific state in association with not receiving feedback.14.An apparatus for wireless communication at a transmitter device, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the transmitter device to:transmit, in an R2D message, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message; andtransmit the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on the indication indicating that the subsequent R2D message is to be transmitted.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the R2D message includes an initial trigger message or an access response message in response to a device access message.16.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.17.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the subsequent R2D message includes a retransmission of a random identifier (ID) received in a device-to-reader (D2R) message to indicate an implicit negative acknowledgement (NACK) , an acknowledgement (ACK) or a NACK for reception of a device ID or upper layer data, a repeated transmission of a trigger message, continuous wave energy or a resource for data communication, a device ID for data transmission or reception, backoff time information, or a combination thereof.18.An apparatus for wireless communication at a reader device, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the reader device to:transmit, in an R2D message to an A-IoT device, an indication of whether there is a subsequent R2D message, based at least in part on a device state or an event-based determination; andtransmit the subsequent R2D message to the A-IoT device based at least in part on the device state or the event-based determination.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors, to cause the reader device to transmit the indication and the subsequent R2D message, are configured to cause the reader device to transmit the indication and the subsequent R2D message based at least in part on a transmission of a paging or inventory message, a device state of the A-IoT device, a transmission of a device identifier (ID) , an absence of a valid temporary device ID at the A-IoT device, a transmission of an access response message or contention resolution, a message with a specific logical channel or logical channel index, a request for feedback, a timer, or a combination thereof.20.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the indication indicates a pattern of subsequent R2D messages, whether subsequent R2D messages are present within a specified time duration, a quantity of subsequent R2D messages, a periodicity of subsequent R2D messages, a quantity of bytes to be received in the subsequent R2D message, a total quantity of bytes to be received in multiple subsequent R2D messages within the specified time duration, what information is to be included in the subsequent R2D message, or a combination thereof.
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