Iron supplementation in neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder

Abstract

Subject matter of the present invention is supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation.

Description

[0001] M75444WO BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTIron supplementation in neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder Subject matter of the present invention is supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Introduction Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders encompass a diverse group of conditions that affect cognitive, emotional, and behavioral functioning. These disorders often manifest early in development and can persist throughout an individual's lifetime, impacting academic achievement, occupational performance, and social relationships. The etiology of such disorders is multifactorial, involving complex interactions between genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Among the various neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders, those characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are particularly prevalent and have garnered significant clinical and research interest. These symptoms can interfere with daily functioning and development, often leading to challenges in educational settings and interpersonal relationships. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome characterized by developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Various approved drugs, such as the psychostimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate, can alleviate ADHD. These drugs however, are associated with an unfavorable side effect profile. Research suggests that iron plays a critical role in brain function, particularly in the production of neurotransmitters like dopamine,. Iron is a cofactor for the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase that synthesizes dopamine, and disturbances in the iron homeostasis could lead to reduced dopamine production or altered receptor activity. The dysfunction of the nigrostriatal and mesocortical dopaminergic pathways is thought to play a major role in the aetiology of ADHD (Sonuga-Barke EJ. The dual pathway model of AD / HD: an elaboration of neuro-developmental charac-teristics. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2003;27:593-604), and animal models and clinical studies have suggested a dysregulation in the expression of different dopaminergic receptors (Dum R, Ghahramani A, Baweja R, Bellon A. Dopamine receptor expression and the pathogenesis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a scoping review of the literature. Curr Dev Disorders Rep 2022;9:127-136) and dopamine (DA) transporters (Fusar-Poli P, Rubia K, Rossi G, Sartori G, Balottin U. Striatal dopamine transporter alterations in ADHD: pathophysiology or adaptation to psychostimulants? A meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatr 2012:169:264-272) as being central to the manifestation of clinical symptoms. Furthermore, the alleviation of some ADHD symptoms with stimulant medications, known to primarily act on central nervous DA circuits (Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Logan J, Angrist B, Hitzemann R, Lieberman J, Pappas N. Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: relationship to dopamine D2 re-ceptors. Am J Psychiatr 1997;154:50-55), supports the hypothesis of DA disruption in ADHD making psychostimulants the first-line medication treatment in clinical practice. Despite advances in the understanding and management of Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), current therapeutic approaches remain suboptimal for many individuals. Standard treatments, such as stimulant and non-stimulant medications, as well as behavioral interventions, can be effective but are often associated with limitations including variable efficacy, side effects, and concerns regarding long-term use. The emerging evidence linking iron deficiency to ADHD highlights a potential biological factor that is not fully addressed by existing therapies. While some studies suggest that correcting iron deficiency may alleviate certain symptoms, the response to iron supplementation is inconsistent and not universally effective. Furthermore, there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal assessment methods for iron status in ADHD patients, as well as standardized protocols for supplementation. These challenges underscore the ongoing need for improved therapeutic strategies that are both safe and effective. There is particular interest in developing targeted interventions that address underlying biological contributors, such as iron dysregulation, in order to enhance treatment outcomes. Continued research and innovation are essential to provide more comprehensive and individualized care for those affected by ADHD. The present invention provides for iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder. Subject matter of the present invention Subject matter of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. The treatment and / or prophylaxis involving iron supplementation according to the present invention is in particular directed at alleviating a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder by correcting the biochemical disturbances in neurotransmitter synthesis that result from impaired iron homeostasis. In this context, the iron supplementation of the present invention serves to enhance iron availability in the brain, thereby supporting the production of neurotransmitters essential for mood regulation and cognitive processes. This approach is mainly biochemical, aiming to restore normal iron balance within the body. As a result, iron levels are increased systemically, including within the brain. The described treatment and / or prophylaxis is straightforward and non-invasive with respect to brain tissue, and does not require the use of specialized equipment. Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD) and impulse control disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit disorder (ADD) and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder is hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. One embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient has a ferritin level equal or above 0 µg / L, equal or above 15 µg / L, preferably equal or above 20 µg / L, preferably equal or above 30 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 40 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 50 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 60 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 70 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 80 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 90 µg / L, most preferably equal or above 100 µg / L. One particular embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient has a ferritin level equal or above 15 µg / L, preferably equal or above 20 µg / L, preferably equal or above 30 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 40 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 50 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 60 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 70 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 80 µg / L, more preferably equal or above 90 µg / L, most preferably equal or above 100 µg / L. One embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient has a ferritin level in a range of 0 µg / L to 600 µg / L, preferably in a range of 15 µg / L to 500 µg / L, preferably in a range of 20 µg / L to 400 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 30 µg / L to 300 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 40 µg / L to 200 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 50 µg / L to 150 µg / L and most preferably in a range of 60 µg / L to 100 µg / L. One particular embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof , wherein said patient has a ferritin level in a range of 15 µg / L to 600 µg / L, preferably in a range of 15 µg / L to 500 µg / L, preferably in a range of 20 µg / L to 400 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 30 µg / L to 300 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 40 µg / L to 200 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 50 µg / L to 150 µg / L and most preferably in a range of 60 µg / L to 100 µg / L. One embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron defiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L. In another embodiment said ferritin levels are serum ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L. In another embodiment said ferritin levels are whole blood or serum and / or serum ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. In particular embodiments, the patient has a ferritin level of < 300 μg per liter, more particularly 15 to < 300 µg per liter. Ferritin levels (or concentrations) are determined in a sample obtained from said subject, particularly a sample selected from the group comprising whole blood, serum, or plasma, more particularly serum. According to WHO criteria, Ferritin levels between 0 and <15 µg / L define iron deficiency in apparently healthy individuals (i.e. without known infection or inflammation, without known chronic internal disease), while ferritin levels between 15 and <300 µg / L in individuals without infection or inflammation define appropriate iron status. In particular embodiments, iron supplementation is not administered in subjects with known infection or inflammation. Ferritin is usually determined by quantitative and / or qualitative methods, by immunoassay and / or clinical chemistry, and / or immunologic, and / or photometric, and / or chromatographic and / or mass spectrometric methods. In one embodiment of the present invention, ferritin is measured in serum and / or plasma, preferably in serum. In one embodiment ferritin is measured to determine the iron status of a patient. Particular assays for the determination of ferritin level or concentration in the present invention are based on an immunoassay principle, for example an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The assay uses specific binders, e.g. antibodies that bind to ferritin and enable a quantitative determination. Other particular assays for the determination of ferritin level or concentration use one or more of the following techniques: Immunoturbidimetric assays; clinical chemistry methods, including photometric assays measuring ferritin based on its interaction with specific reagents, resulting in a detectable colorimetric or spectrophotometric signal; chromatographic methods, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which can separate and quantify ferritin based on its physicochemical properties; mass spectrometric methods, including liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS / MS), which can provide highly specific and sensitive detection of ferritin through its mass-to- charge ratio and fragmentation patterns. In one embodiment, the measurement of ferritin is utilized to assess the iron status of a patient. Specifically, ferritin levels are correlated with iron storage levels in the body, where low ferritin concentrations indicate iron deficiency and elevated ferritin levels may suggest iron overload or other pathological conditions, such as inflammation or liver disease. The method of the present invention is particularly advantageous for diagnosing and monitoring iron-related disorders, including but not limited to iron deficiency anemia, hemochromatosis, and chronic disease-related anemia. Particular assays to determine the ferritin level in the present invention comprise: -a ferritin capture binder, e.g. an anti-ferritin antibody, particularly a monoclonal anti-ferritinantibody, which is immobilized on a solid support, e.g. a microtiter plate; -adding the sample obtained from the subject, e.g. serum or plasma to the aforementioned solidsupport with immobilized capture binder; -incubate so that ferritin from the sample binds to the capture binder;- adding a second, labeled, e.g. enzyme-labeled, ferritin binder, e.g. a labeled anti-ferritinantibody; -optionally washing to remove unbound labeled binder;- optionally adding a substrate (e.g. TMB);- measuring the signal from the labeled binder, determining therefreom the amount of boundferritin and calculating the level or concentration of ferritin in said sample; said signal may be a variety of signals, depending on the label, such as e.g. a fluorescence signal from a fluorophore label or more preferably the conversion of a substrate by an enzyme label, which produces a colored or luminescent signal. The intensity of the signal is measured photometrically or luminescence-based and can be compared with a standard curve to determine the ferritin concentration. In more particular mebodiments of the invention, an assay for the determination of ferritin level or concentration in a sample, such as serum or plasma, from said subject, is based on a sandwich enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methodology. This assay is typically prepared by immobilizing a capture antibody specific to human ferritin on a solid support, typically a microtiter plate, typically made of polystyrene; whrein the antibody is a polyclonal or monoclonal anti-ferritin antibody previously raised in a host species (e.g., rabbit or mouse) and diluted in a coating buffer (e.g., carbonate-bicarbonate buffer, pH 9.6) to a concentration of approximately 1–10 µg / mL; incubating the solid support with this solution (e.g., 100 µL per well in case of a microtiter plate), e.g. overnight at 4°C or for 2 hours at room temperature (25°C) to allow the antibody to adsorb onto the surface of the solid support; washing with a washing buffer (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline with 0.05% Tween-20, pH 7.4) to remove unbound antibody, and blocking the solid support with a protein-containing solution (e.g., 1% bovine serum albumin in phosphate-buffered saline), e.g. for 1–2 hours at room temperature, to prevent non-specific binding. The assay can be conducted by a method comprising: -providing a first ferritin antibody (capture antibody) immobilized on a solid support, which maybe prepared as described above; -adding a sample, e.g., serum or plasma, obtained from the subject, which in particular is dilutedappropriately to ensure the ferritin concentration falls within the assay’s dynamic range, e.g., 1:10 or 1:100, in a diluent such as phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% bovine serum albumin; optionally adding multiple aliquots of the diluted sample to batches or wells of the solid support in duplicate or triplicate; -optionally adding samples of known ferritin concentrations (e.g., purified human ferritinranging from 0.5 to 500 ng / mL) and / or a blank (i.e. a control sample, comprising diluent only) to separate wells or batches of the solid support (allowing generating a standard curve); -incubating the solid support with added samples, e.g. for 1–2 hours at 37°C or room temperature,allowing the ferritin in the sample to bind to the capture antibody; -washing the solid support, e.g. three times, with a washing buffer to remove unbound material,- adding a second anti-ferritin antibody (detection antibody), e.g. a monoclonal antibodyrecognizing a different epitope of ferritin than the first antibody, conjugated to an enzyme, such as horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or alkaline phosphatase (AP), wherein typically the detection antibody is diluted, e.g., 1:1000 to 1:5000, in a buffer, e.g., phosphate-buffered saline with 0.1% bovine serum albumin, and wherein e.g., 100 µL of said diluted detection antibody are added to each well or batch of the solid support; -incubating the solid support, e.g. for 1–2 hours at 37°C or room temperature (allowing thedetection antibody to bind to ferritin in the sample); -washing the solid support, e.g. three to five times; with a washing buffer to remove unbounddetection antibody; -adding a solution of a substrate specific to the detection antibody-enzyme conjugate, e.g.,tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for HRP or p-nitrophenyl phosphate for AP; -incubating the solid support, e.g. for 10–30 minutes at room temperature in the dark (duringwhich the enzyme catalyzes a colorimetric reaction proportional to the amount of bound ferritin); -stopping the reaction by adding a stop solution, e.g., 1 M sulfuric acid for TMB (this alsoenhances the color change for HRP-based systems); -measuring the absorbance of each well using a reader, e.g. a microtiter plate reader, at awavelength specific to the substrate (e.g., 450 nm for TMB after stopping, or 405 nm for p- nitrophenyl phosphate);- determining the ferritin concentration in the sample by comparing the absorbance valuesdetermined for the (diluted) sample to a standard curve, typically using a logarithmic or four- parameter logistic regression fit. Such an assay offers a detection range of approximately 0.5–500 ng / mL, with a sensitivity of around 0.5 ng / mL, depending on the antibodies and enzyme system used. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation are generally less than 10%, ensuring reproducibility. The method can be adapted by adjusting incubation times, antibody concentrations, or sample dilutions to suit specific needs, and it is compatible with automated systems for higher throughput if desired. Another embodiment of the present invention is iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said iron supplementation is administered independent of iron deficiency and / or anemia of a patient and wherein iron deficiency is defined as ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L, preferably ferritin levels of ≤ 12 µg / L, more preferably ferritin levels of 10 µg / L. In another embodiment ferritin levels are whole blood or serum and / or plasma ferritin levels. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. In another embodiment ferritin levels are serum and / or plasma ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L.Here, in a further embodiment of the present invention, iron supplementation for treatment of the affective disorder and / or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and / or serotonin-dependent diseases in a human patient is performed irrespective of the iron status of the patient. In further embodiments, ferritin is usually determined by quantitative methods, by immunoassay and / or clinical chemistry, and / or immunologic, and / or photometric, and / or chromatographic and / or mass spectrometric methods as detailed herein. In other embodiments ferritin is determined by quantitative methods, by immunoassay and / or clinical chemistry, and / or immunologic, and / or photometric, and / or chromatographic and / or mass spectrometric methods. Particular assays for the determination of ferritin level or concentration in the present invention are in certain embodiments based on an immunoassay principle, for example an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or a chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The assay uses in particular embodiments specific binders, e.g. antibodies that bind to ferritin and enable a quantitative determination. Iron deficiency according to the present invention is a condition characterized by a reduction in the body’s iron stores, which may occur with or without the development of anemia. Iron is an essential micronutrient required for numerous physiological processes, including oxygen transport, DNA synthesis, and cellular respiration. The primary storage form of iron in the body is ferritin, and the assessment of serum ferritin concentration is widely recognized as a reliable indicator of total body iron stores. Iron deficiency typically develops in stages. In the initial stage, iron stores become depleted, as reflected by a reduction in serum ferritin levels, while hemoglobin concentrations remain within the normal range. This stage is referred to as iron deficiency without anemia. The key distinction between iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia lies in the presence or absence of anemia. Iron deficiency refers to depleted iron stores, as evidenced by low serum ferritin, but with preserved hemoglobin levels. In contrast, iron deficiency anemia is characterized by both depleted iron stores and reduced hemoglobin concentration, signifying impaired erythropoiesis due to insufficient iron availability. Anemia is a blood disorder in which the blood has a reduced ability to carry oxygen. This can be due to a lower than normal number of red blood cells, a reduction in the amount of hemoglobin available for oxygen transport, or abnormalities in hemoglobin that impair its function. Anemia can be caused e.g. by decreased red blood cell production, which may be caused by iron deficiency, folate deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, thalassemia and a number of bone marrow tumors. Anemia can be classified based on the amount of hemoglobin in each cell. The diagnosis of anemia in men is based on a hemoglobin of less than 130 to 140 g / L (13 to 14 g / dL); in women, it is less than 120 to 130 g / L (12 to 13 g / dL). Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / orprophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof whereinsaid patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is below 15 years old, preferably below 12 years old, more preferably below 5 years old. In certain embodiments of the present invention, the patient as detailed herein does not suffer from anemia, preferably not from anemia or subclinical anemia, more preferably not from mild anemia or subclinical anemia or anemia. Throughout the application, it is mentioned “plasma and / or serum or whole blood in a patient” in the context of ferritin or hemoglobin level This may be substituted by “ferritin and / or hemoglobin level in a sample of said patient, wherein the sample is selected from the group comprising plasma and / or serum or whole blood.” In certain embodiments of the present invention, this may be substituted by “ferritin and / or hemoglobin level in a sample taken from said patient, wherein the sample is selected from the group comprising plasma and / or serum or whole blood.” In certain embodiments of the present invention, this may be substituted by “ferritin and / or hemoglobin level are determined in a sample taken from said patient, wherein the sample is selected from the group comprising plasma and / or serum or whole blood.” In particular embodiments, hemoglobin is measured using the cyanmethemoglobin method, which is knonwn to the skilled person and is the gold standard (recommended by the ICSH (International Council for Standardization in Haematology)) for hemoglobin measurement due to its accuracy, reliability, and standardization. Automated hematology analyzers are widely used in clinical laboratories for routine hemoglobin testing as part of a complete blood count. In said method, hemoglobin is oxidized to hemiglobin with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III). In a subsequent reaction, the hemiglobin formed reacts with potassium cyanide to form hemiglobin cyanide. Hemiglobin cyanide can be determined photometrically at a avelength has of 546 (where it has an absorption maximum). The alternative Sysmex SLS hemoglobin method uses cyanide-free sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). As iron depletion progresses, the body’s capacity to produce hemoglobin is compromised, ultimately resulting in a reduction of hemoglobin concentration below established reference values. This advanced stage is termed iron deficiency anemia. In one embodiment of the present invention, anemia is iron-deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency anemia is thus defined as a condition in which both iron stores (as indicated by serum ferritin) are depleted and hemoglobin concentration falls below the lower limit of normal, as defined by population-specific reference ranges. According to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria, anemia is present when hemoglobin concentration is less than 13.0 g / dL in men aged 15 years and above, less than 12.0 g / dL in non-pregnant women aged 15 years and above, and less than 11.0 g / dL in pregnant women or children aged 6–59 months. Iron deficiency is generally indicated by a serum ferritin concentration of less than 15 ng / mL in adults or less than 12 ng / mL in children under 5 years. In particular embodiments of the present invention, iron deficiency anemia is defined as haemoglobin concentrations of less than 13.0 g / dL in men aged 15 years and above, less than 12.0 g / dL in non- pregnant women aged 15 years and above, less than 11.0 g / dL in pregnant women or children aged 6– 59 months and / or serum ferritin concentration of less than 15 ng / mL in adults or less than 12 ng / mL in children under 5 years. In other embodiments, the treatment according to the present invention is performed in non- iron deficient non-anemic patients, wherein said patients are characterized by haemoglobin concentrations of less than 13.0 g / dL in men aged 15 years and above, less than 12.0 g / dL in non-pregnant women aged 15 years and above, less than 11.0 g / dL in pregnant women or children aged 6–59 months and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin concentration of less than 15 ng / mL in adults or less than 12 ng / mL in children under 5 years. Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron and may be caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake, or poor absorption of iron from food. Ferritin levels between 0 and <15 µg / L define iron deficiency in apparently healthy individuals (i.e. without known infection or inflammation, without known chronic internal disease), while ferritin levels are between 15 and <300 µg / L in individuals without infection or inflammation (according to WHO criteria). According to the World Health Organization (WHO), anemia is defined as hemoglobin (Hb) levels <12.0 g / dL in women and <13.0 g / dL in men. (see e.g. Cappellini & Motta; Semin Hematol. 2015 Oct;52(4):261-9. doi: 10.1053 / j.seminhematol.2015.07.006). In particular, a hemoglobin concentration <12 g / dL in nonpregnant women beyond 15 years, and a hemoglobin concentration <13 g / dL in men beyond the age of 15 is defined as anemia (according to WHO criteria). Sources of blood loss can include heavy periods, childbirth, uterine fibroids, stomach ulcers, colon cancer, and urinary tract bleeding, poor absorption of iron from food may occur as a result of an intestinal disorder such as inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease, or surgery such as a gastric bypass. If symptoms present, patients may present with the sign of pallor, feeling tired, weak, dizziness, lightheadedness, poor physical exertion, headaches, decreased ability to concentrate, cold hands and feet, cold sensitivity, increased thirst and confusion. In severe cases, shortness of breath can occur. Other possible symptoms and signs of iron-deficiency anemia include Koilonychia, Irritability, Angina, Palpitations, Tingling, numbness, or burning sensations, Glossitis, Angular cheilitis, Poor appetite, Dysphagia, Periorbital hyperpigmentation and Restless legs syndrome. External symptoms of anemia may also include tiredness, paleness, and decreased attention capacity. The clinical symptoms of anemia include low serum iron levels (hypoferremia), low hemoglobin levels, low hematocrit levels, reduced red blood cell count, reduced reticulocytes, and elevated levels of soluble transferrin receptors. Typically, treatment of iron-deficiency anemia includes dietary changes to incorporate iron-rich foods into regular oral intake and oral iron supplementation. The substitution with iron takes place either by the oral route or by intravenous iron administration, preferred by intravenous iron administration. In addition, erythropoetine and other erythropoietin-stimulating substances may also be used in the treatment of anemias to stimulate red blood cell production. As used herein, the term “neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder” refers to a broad spectrum of conditions that originate during the developmental period of life, typically manifesting in childhood or adolescence, and are characterized by clinically significant disturbances in cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. These disorders are frequently persistent, may continue into adulthood, and often result in considerable impairment in personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders are understood to arise from complex interactions among genetic predispositions, neurobiological alterations, and environmental influences, including prenatal exposures, perinatal complications, psychosocial stressors, and early life experiences. In certain embodiments, neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders include, but are not limited to, attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention-deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder, and learning disorder. Other embodiments relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Other embodiments relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and wherein said iron supplementation is an intravenous iron supplementation or oral iron supplementation. Other embodiments relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and wherein said iron supplementation is an intravenous iron supplementation. Other embodiments relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Other embodiments relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or attention deficit disorder (ADD and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is below 15 years old, preferably below 12 years old, more preferably below 5 years old. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of an impulse control disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is below 15 years old, preferably below 12 years old, more preferably below 5 years old. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non- anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a learning disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is below 15 years old, preferably below 12 years old, more preferably below 5 years old. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. In case of doubt, if the measured ferritin values differ between whole blood, plasma, and serum samples, the ferritin value determined in the serum sample is to be used as the definitive value. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a pregnant female. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a attention deficit disorder (ADD) in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient is below 15 years old, preferably below 12 years old, more preferably below 5 years old. In further embodiments, the patient as detailed herein does not suffer from anemia, preferably not from anemia or subclinical anemia, more preferably not from mild anemia or subclinical anemia or anemia. Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent and well-characterized disorders. ADHD is defined by a persistent pattern of inattention and / or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with an individual’s development or daily functioning. Symptoms of inattention may include difficulty sustaining focus, frequent careless mistakes, disorganization, avoidance of tasks requiring prolonged mental effort, and forgetfulness in daily activities. Hyperactivity-impulsivity is characterized by behaviors such as fidgeting, difficulty remaining seated, excessive talking, interrupting others, and an inability to wait one’s turn. ADHD can be further classified into predominantly inattentive, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive, or combined presentations, with each subtype presenting a unique constellation of symptoms. The disorder is associated with significant impairments in academic, occupational, and social domains, and is influenced by a combination of genetic factors, alterations in neurotransmitter systems—particularly dopamine and norepinephrine—and various environmental exposures. Neuroimaging studies have identified structural and functional differences in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia in individuals with ADHD. ADHD diagnosis involves a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, typically a psychiatrist, psychologist, or pediatrician, following standardized criteria. During clinical assessment the clinician gathers detailed information about the individual's symptoms, medical history, and daily functioning. This includes evaluation of symptoms, which must align with criteria in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition). ADHD is characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and / or impulsivity that is inconsistent with age and interferes with functioning in multiple settings (e.g., school, work, home). Symptoms must be present before age 12 and observed for at least 6 months. Often input is collected from the individual, parents, teachers, or significant others to assess behavior across different environments. Moreover, standardized questionnaires, like the Conners’ Rating Scales or ADHD Rating Scale-5, or the Vanderbilt questionnaire, are often used to quantify symptom severity and frequency. These questionnaires map directly to DSM-5 criteria, assessing the 18 core ADHD symptoms (9 inattention, 9 hyperactive-impulsive) to determine if they meet diagnostic thresholds (e.g., at least 6 symptoms in one category for children, 5 for adults). They capture behavior in different environments (home, school, work), as ADHD symptoms must be present in multiple contexts for diagnosis. The Conners’ Rating Scales are widely used tools to evaluate ADHD symptoms and related behaviors in children, adolescents, and adults. They’re considered comprehensive because they not only focus on ADHD but also look at other issues like aggression, anxiety, or emotional problems that might coexist. There are different versions tailored to who’s filling them out: parents, teachers, or the individual themselves. For kids aged 6 to 18, there’s the Conners 4, which replaced earlier versions like Conners 3. For adults, there’s the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales, often called CAARS. The questionnaires have anywhere from 30 to 110 questions, depending on the version. Each question asks about specific behaviors, like “Has trouble keeping attention on tasks” or “Acts restless.” The person filling it out rates how often the behavior happens on a scale from 0 (not true at all) to 3 (very true). For example, a parent might mark whether their child “often interrupts others” as a 2 or 3 if it happens a lot. The questions are based on ADHD symptoms listed in the DSM-5, the standard diagnostic guide, but also cover things like school performance, social skills, or signs of other conditions. The ADHD Rating Scale-5, or ADHD-RS-5, is a shorter, focused tool designed to check for ADHD symptoms based directly on the DSM-5 criteria. It’s used for kids aged 5 to 17 and has a version for adults too. There are separate forms for parents, teachers, or the individual (for adults or older teens). It’s straightforward, with 18 questions that match the 18 ADHD symptoms in the DSM-5—9 about inattention, like “Makes careless mistakes,” and 9 about hyperactivity or impulsivity, like “Talks too much” or “Acts without thinking.” Each question asks how often the behavior happens, rated from 0 (never) to 3 (very often). For example, a teacher might rate a student who “struggles to organize tasks” as a 2 if it happens often. The scale takes about 5 to 10 minutes to complete, making it quicker than some other tools. After scoring, the clinician adds up the points for inattention and hyperactivity- impulsivity separately to see if they meet the diagnostic cutoff (like 6 or more symptoms in one category for kids). The scores are also compared to what’s typical for the person’s age and gender. The Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scales is used mainly for kids aged 6 to 12, though they can sometimes apply to slightly younger or older children. There are two main versions: one for parents (called the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Parent Rating Scale) and one for teachers (the Teacher Rating Scale). The Vanderbilt scales have 43 to 55 questions, depending on the version. Like other scales, they include the 18 DSM-5 ADHD symptoms, asking about things like “Loses things needed for tasks” or “Runs or climbs when it’s not okay.” Each is rated from 0 (never) to 3 (very often). Beyond ADHD, the scales ask about other behaviors, like signs of anxiety, depression, or oppositional behavior (like arguing with adults). They also include questions about performance, such as how the child is doing in reading, math, or getting along with others, which helps show if ADHD is affecting school or social life—a key part of diagnosis. Impulse control disorders are characterized by a recurrent inability to resist urges or impulses that may be harmful to oneself or others. These disorders include conditions such as intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, and pyromania, and are marked by episodes of mounting tension or arousal prior to the impulsive act, followed by a sense of relief or gratification, and often subsequent regret or guilt. The underlying etiology involves dysfunction in neural circuits responsible for self-regulation and behavioral inhibition, particularly within the prefrontal cortex and limbic system, as well as genetic and environmental contributions. Impulse control disorders can result in significant social, legal, and occupational consequences, and may co-occur with ADHD or other neurodevelopmental conditions. Impulse control disorders, as encompassed herein, are psychiatric conditions characterized by repeated failure to resist impulses, urges, or temptations to perform acts that are harmful to oneself or others. Examples include intermittent explosive disorder, kleptomania, and pyromania. These disorders are associated with dysfunction in neural circuits governing self-regulation, reward processing, and behavioral inhibition, and may co-occur with ADHD or other neurodevelopmental disorders. Diagnosing impulse control disorders (ICDs) involves a comprehensive clinical evaluation by a healthcare professional, such as a psychiatrist or psychologist, to assess patterns of impulsive behavior that disrupt daily functioning. Standardized questionnaires are used to quantify impulsive behaviors, assess severity, and screen for co-occurring conditions. While no single scale is designed solely for all ICDs, specific tools target impulsivity or related disorders. These scales complement clinical interviews by providing measurable data. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, or BIS-11, is one of the most widely used tools to measure impulsivity as a trait, making it relevant for diagnosing impulse control disorders like intermittent explosive disorder or kleptomania. It’s designed for adults and older adolescents (typically 16 and up) and is a self-report questionnaire, meaning the individual fills it out themselves. The BIS-11 has 30 questions that ask about tendencies to act impulsively. Examples include statements like “I do things without thinking” or “I act on the spur of the moment.” The person rates each statement on a scale from 1 (rarely / never) to 4 (almost always / always). The questions are grouped into three areas: attentional impulsiveness (trouble focusing), motor impulsiveness (acting without thinking), and non-planning impulsiveness (not thinking ahead). For instance, someone with intermittent explosive disorder might score high on motor impulsiveness due to frequent aggressive outbursts. Scores are totaled and compared to norms to see if impulsivity is unusually high. Higher scores suggest a stronger tendency toward impulsive behavior, which can support an ICD diagnosis when paired with clinical evidence of specific behaviors (e.g., fire- setting for pyromania). The Conners’ Rating Scales, mentioned above for ADHD, are also relevant for ICDs because they assess impulsivity and related behaviors, especially in children and adolescents (ages 6–18) or adults (via the Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scales, CAARS). Since impulsivity is a core feature of both ADHD and some ICDs (like IED), these scales can help differentiate or identify co-occurring conditions. The Behavior Assessment System for Children, or BASC-3, mentioned earlier for ADHD, is another broad tool that can help diagnose ICDs, particularly in children and adolescents (ages 2–21). It’s used by parents, teachers, or the individual to assess a wide range of behaviors, including impulsivity, aggression, and emotional problems, making it useful for disorders like IED. Learning disorders, also referred to as specific learning disorders, are characterized by persistent difficulties in the acquisition and use of academic skills, including reading (dyslexia), written expression (dysgraphia), and mathematics (dyscalculia). These difficulties are not attributable to intellectual disabilities, sensory impairments, or inadequate educational opportunities, and they significantly interfere with academic performance and daily living. Learning disorders typically become evident in the early school years and can persist into adulthood, often co-occurring with ADHD and contributing to academic underachievement and psychosocial challenges. The etiology of learning disorders involves atypical brain development and function, particularly in regions associated with language, reading, or mathematical processing, and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. In certain embodiments, the present invention contemplates methods for preventing, or treating neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders as defined above. The process of diagnosing learning disorders, which include dyslexia (reading), dysgraphia (writing), and dyscalculia (math) is multidisciplinary, often involving psychologists, educators, or neuropsychologists, and relies on standardized assessments, including ADHD questionnaires, to confirm deficits and rule out other causes. The DSM-5 defines Learning Disorders as difficulties in one or more academic domains (reading, writing, math) that are substantially below what’s expected for the individual’s age, schooling, and cognitive ability. Symptoms must persist for at least 6 months despite targeted interventions: ^Dyslexia: Trouble with accurate or fluent word recognition, decoding, or spelling.^ Dysgraphia: Problems with written expression, handwriting, or spelling.^ Dyscalculia: Difficulty understanding numbers, memorizing math facts, or performingcalculations. The difficulties must not be due to intellectual disability, vision / hearing problems, neurological conditions, or lack of educational access. Psychoeducational assessments are central to diagnosis. These include: ^Cognitive Testing: Tests like the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-V) orWechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) measure overall intellectual ability to ensure academic struggles aren’t due to low cognitive capacity. ^Achievement Testing: Tests like the Woodcock-Johnson Tests of Achievement or WechslerIndividual Achievement Test (WIAT-III) assess specific academic skills (e.g., reading fluency, math computation, written expression) and compare performance to age or grade norms. A significant discrepancy between cognitive ability (e.g., average IQ) and academic performance in a specific area (e.g., reading scores below the 10th percentile) supports an SLD diagnosis, though some diagnostic models focus on response to intervention (RTI) rather than discrepancies. In certain embodiments, the invention is directed to individuals exhibiting symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, poor impulse control, academic underachievement, or difficulties in reading, writing, or mathematics, as observed in ADHD, ADD, impulse control disorder, or learning disorder. Additional embodiments may provide for the assessment of underlying biological factors contributing to these disorders, such as neurotransmitter imbalances, iron deficiency, or genetic markers, and the use of targeted interventions based on such assessments. The invention may further encompass in certain embodiments of the present invention the development of diagnostic tools, screening methods, or treatment algorithms for optimizing the management of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorders in pediatric, adolescent, or adult populations. In one embodiment the patient receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably a fixed- dose of 300-600 mg, preferably 400-500 mg, preferably 423 mg, preferably in one embodiment an intravenous iron was administered as ferric carboxymaltose solution [e.g. Ferinject® / Injectafer®]. In one embodiment the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably by a fixed- dose of 50-200 mg for children and adolescents or 100-400 mg for adults, preferably in one embodiment said intravenous iron was administered as iron sucrose solution, in particular said iron sucrose solution is FerMed®. In one embodiment the patient is currently not under treatment with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof. In certain embodiments, the present invention relates to the use of central nervous system stimulants for the treatment of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. Suitable methylphenidate-based stimulants include, for example, methylphenidate immediate-release (IR) formulations (e.g., Ritalin, Methylin, Medikinet®), methylphenidate extended-release (ER) formulations (e.g., Ritalin SR, Metadate ER, Methylin ER, Medikinet Retard®), methylphenidate extended-release using OROS technology (e.g., Concerta), SODAS technology (e.g., Ritalin LA), CD technology (e.g., Metadate CD), or XR technology (e.g., Aptensio XR), as well as bead-filled capsules (e.g., Jornay PM), transdermal patches (e.g., Daytrana), extended-release oral suspensions (e.g., Quillivant XR), and extended-release chewable tablets (e.g., QuilliChew ER). Additional embodiments encompass the use of dexmethylphenidate, including immediate-release (e.g., Focalin) and extended-release (e.g., Focalin XR) formulations. Further embodiments include the use of amphetamine-based stimulants, such as mixed amphetamine salts in immediate-release (e.g., Adderall) or extended-release (e.g., Adderall XR) formulations, triple- bead extended-release formulations (e.g., Mydayis), dextroamphetamine in immediate-release (e.g., Dexedrine, Zenzedi, ProCentra) or extended-release (Spansule, e.g., Dexedrine Spansule) forms, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (e.g., Vyvanse), and methamphetamine hydrochloride (e.g., Desoxyn). In additional embodiments, the invention provides for the use of selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), including atomoxetine (e.g., Strattera) and viloxazine hydrochloride (e.g., Qelbree). Other embodiments relate to the use of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, including clonidine in extended- release (e.g., Kapvay) or immediate-release (e.g., Catapres) formulations, as well as guanfacine in extended-release (e.g., Intuniv) or immediate-release (e.g., Tenex) forms. In one embodiment the patients is currently and has been previously not under treatment with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, including the above-mentioned compunds. In one embodiment the patient receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably a fixed- dose of 300-600 mg, preferably 400-500 mg, preferably 423 mg, preferably in one embodiment an intravenous iron is administered as ferric carboxymaltose solution (e.g. Ferinject® / Injectafer® ). Particular iron supplementations in the present invention are Ferinject®, ferric derisomaltose solution (e.g. Monoferric®), or iron sucrose (e.g. Venofer®, FerMed®). In one embodiment the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably by a fixed- dose of 50-200 mg for children and adolescents or 100-400 mg for adults, preferably in one embodiment said intravenous iron was administered as iron sucrose solution, in particular said iron sucrose solution is Ferinject®, ferric derisomaltose solution (e.g. Monoferric®), or iron sucrose solution (e.g. Venofer®, FerMed®). In one embodiment the patient receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably a fixed- dose of 300-600 mg, preferably 400-500 mg, preferably 423 mg, preferably in one embodiment an intravenous iron was administered as ferric carboxymaltose solution [e.g. Ferinject® / Injectafer® ). In one embodiment the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably by a fixed- dose of 50-200 mg for children and adolescents or 100-400 mg for adults, preferably in one embodiment said intravenous iron was administered as iron sucrose solution, in particular said iron sucrose solution is as ferric carboxymaltose solution [e.g. Ferinject® / Injectafer® ). In one embodiment said patient receives a treatment with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably a fixed-dose of 300-600 mg, preferably 400-500 mg, preferably 423 mg, preferably in one embodiment an intravenous iron was administered as ferric carboxymaltose solution [e.g. Ferinject® / Injectafer® ). In one embodiment the patient receives a treatmet with single-dose intravenous iron, preferably by a fixed-dose of 50-200 mg (children, adolescents) or 100-400 mg (adults), preferably in one embodiment an intravenous iron was administered as iron sucrose solution [e.g. FerMed®]. Said medication i.e. iron supplementation may be administered to the subject as diluted i.v. solution in up to 100 mL saline in an amount equivalent to up to 500 to 2000mg of iron, in particular in the form of FCM, administered over at least 10 min, or over at least 15 min. In one embodiment of the present invention, said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia. In a further embodiment of the present invention, said patient does not suffer from fibromyalgia or fibromyalgic syndrome. In a further embodiment of the present invention a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder are classified using thresholds of the biomarkers Serotonin, Norepinephrine and / or Dopamine. The person skilled in the art is aware how to measure the aforementioned biomarkers and how to determine the severity of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder based on the respective threshold of the biomarkers. In particular embodiments relating to a patient receiving therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof scheduled to receive therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, the central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof are administered or scheduled to be administered to said patient at least at the minimum effective dose. e.g. as per the package insert of said central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof. In particular embodiments relating to a patient receiving therapy with central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof or scheduled to receive therapy with central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, the central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof are selected from the group comprising. In other particular embodiments relating to a patient receiving therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof or scheduled to receive therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, the central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof are administered or scheduled to be administered to said patient at least at the minimum effective dose. e.g. as per the package insert of said central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof. In particular embodiments, the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention has an age of 6 to 75 years. In other particular embodiments, the patient has an age of 12 to 75 years. In certain particular embodiments, the iron supplementation is administered to said patient to reduce the levels of serotonin and / or norepinephrine and / or dopamine in said patient. In a specific embodiment of the invention said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation. In one particular embodiment of the invention said iron supplementation is intravenous iron supplementation or oral iron supplementation. In a further particular embodiment said iron supplementation is intravenous iron supplementation. “Intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraarterial iron supplementation , oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation” means in particular that the supplementations are confectioned for intravenous, parenteral, intraarterial, oral or intramuscular administration, and / or to be administered intravenously, parenterally, intraarterially, orally or intramuscularly, respectively. In one embodiment of the present invention, iron is administered to the patient in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L. A particular embodiment of the present invention relates to Ferinject® 50mg / mL as iron supplementation; this may be used as 10 mL-ampulle comprising an equivalent of 500 mg elementary, trivalent iron as ferric carboxymaltose, which is comprised in the medicament in a concentration of 50 mg / mL; further components are sodium hydroxide (for adjusting the pH), hydrochloric acid (for adjusting the pH) and water for injections. The 50 mg / mL solution can be diluted in physiological saline, or can be administered to the subject directly; particularly, a solution comprising 500 mg iron equivalents are diluted in 100 mL physiological saline before administeration to the subject. In one embodiment of the present invention, iron is administered intravenously to the patient in an amount of 10 mg to 2000 mg, preferably 50 mg to 1500 mg, preferably 100 mg to 1000 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In one embodiment of the present invention, iron is administered orally in an amount of 1 mg to 1000 mg, preferably 20 mg to 800 mg, preferably 50 mg to 600 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In a further embodiment iron is administered once per day. For the avoidance of doubt, where iron concentrations are detailed herein, iron is in particular present in an iron-containting compound, e.g. a complex comprising iron, an iron salt, or the like, and the concentrations refer to iron equivalents (i.e. disregarding the remainder of the compound). In other embodiments, the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention has an age of 6 to 18. In further embodiments, the patient suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder according to the present invention has an age of 18 to 65. In one embodiment of the present invention, iron is administered in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight. In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation comprises iron in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L. In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation is an intravenous supplementation, comprising iron in an amount of 10 mg to 2000 mg, preferably 50 mg to 1500 mg, preferably 100 mg to 1000 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation is an oral supplementation, comprising iron in an amount of 1 mg to 1000 mg, preferably 20 mg to 800 mg, preferably 50 mg to 600 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In a further embodiment said oral supplementation is administered once per day. For the avoidance of doubt, where iron concentrations are detailed herein, iron is in particular present in an iron-containting compound, e.g. a complex comprising iron, an iron salt, or the like, and the concentrations refer to iron equivalents (i.e. disregarding the remainder of the compound). In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation is an intravenous supplementation, comprising iron in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight. In one embodiment the iron supplementation according to the present invention is a pharmaceutical formulation comprising iron, or an iron-containing compound and optionally at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical formulation is an intravenous formulation, parenteral formulation, intraarterial formulation, oral formulation or intramuscular formulation. “Intravenous formulation, parenteral formulation, intraarterial formulation, oral formulation or intramuscular formulation” means in particular that the formulations are confectioned for intravenous, parenteral, intraarterial, oral or intramuscular administration, and / or to be administered intravenously, parenterally, intraarterially, orally or intramuscularly, respectively. In particular embodiments, said pharmaceutical formulation is in form of a solution, preferably a ready-to-use solution. In other particular embodiments, said pharmaceutical formulation is in a freeze-dried state. In other particular embodiments, said pharmaceutical formulation is to be administered orally, intramuscularly, intraarterially or intravenously. In one embodiment said pharmaceutical formulation is to be administered intramuscularly or intraaerterially or intravenously. In a further embodiment, said pharmaceutical formulation is to be administered intravenously. In further embodiments, the pharmaceutical formulation according to the present invention is not administered intranasally. In certain embodiments, the iron supplementation or pharmaceutical formulation are in the form of an infusion, which means in particular that the iron supplementation or pharmaceutical formulation are confectioned for infusion and / or to be administered as an infusion, respectively. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical formulation comprises iron in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical formulation is an intravenous formulation, comprising iron in an amount of 10 mg to 2000 mg, preferably 50 mg to 1500 mg, preferably 100 mg to 1000 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical formulation is an oral formulation, comprising iron in an amount of 1 mg to 1000 mg, preferably 20 mg to 800 mg, preferably 50 mg to 600 mg, and most preferably 500 mg. In a further embodiment said oral formulation is administered once per day. For the avoidance of doubt, where iron concentrations are detailed herein, iron is in particular present in an iron-containting compound, e.g. a complex comprising iron, an iron salt, or the like, and the concentrations refer to iron equivalents (i.e. disregarding the remainder of the compound). In one embodiment of the present invention, the pharmaceutical formulation is an intravenous formulation, comprising iron in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight. One embodiment of the present invention is an iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said iron supplematation comprises iron in the form of iron(III) or iron(II), e.g. an Iron(III) or Iron(II) compound, wherein, for the avoidance of doubt, iron compounds include all forms wherein iron is present in a composition of matter comprising iron and other atoms, e.g. iron complexes or salts of iron. In one embodiment, said iron supplematation is selected from the group comprising ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Iron(II) glycine sulphate complex (Ferro sanol duodenal®), Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric), Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®), Iron(III) sodium D-gluconate complex (Ferlixit® ; Ferrlecit®), Iron-II- gluconate / iron(III)-sodium-gluconate complex (Ferrlecit®), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Venofer®, PA21, Velforo), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Fermed®), Iron carboxymaltose (Ferinject®), Ferric maltol (ST10; ST10-021) and / or ferric citrate (KRX-0502; auryxia). In an embodiment, said iron supplematation is Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric) or Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®). Further particular embodiments of the iron supplementation of the present invention are detailed in the following. Embodiments describing processes also relate to the products obtainable and / or obtained by such processes. The iron supplementation according to embodiments of the present invention comprises suitable soluble iron salts such as ferric hypophosphite, ferric albuminate, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric oxide saccharate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferrous chloride, ferrous gluconate, ferrous iodide, ferrous sulfate, ferrous lactate, ferrous fumarate, heme, ferric trisglycinate, ferrous bisglycinate, ferrous asparto glycinate, ferric nitrate, ferrous hydroxide saccharate, ferric sulfate, ferric gluconate, ferric aspartate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ferrous phosphate, ferric ascorbate, ferrous formate, ferrous acetate, ferrous malate, ferrous glutamate, ferroglycine sulfate, ferric oxide hydrate, ferric pyrophosphate soluble, ferric hydroxide saccharate, ferric manganese saccharate, ferric subsulfate, ferric ammonium sulfate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, ferric sesquichloride, ferric manganese citrate, ferric quinine citrate, ferric sodium citrate, ferric sodium edetate, ferric formate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferric potassium oxalate, ferric sodium oxalate, ferric peptonate, ferric manganese peptonate, ferrous cholinisocitrate, ferric choline citrate, other pharmaceutically acceptable iron salts, and combinations thereof. Particular embodiments relate to ferroglycine sulfate complex, i.e. ferrous glycine sulfate complex (Fe(II) glycine sulfate complex, commercially available for instance as ferro sanol® duodenal. This embodiment further comprises in other embodiments examples of suitable slightly soluble iron salts such as ferric acetate, ferric fluoride, ferric phosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferrous pyrophosphate, ferrous carbonate saccharated, ferrous carbonate mass, ferrous succinate, ferrous citrate, ferrous tartrate, ferric fumarate, ferric succinate, ferrous hydroxide, ferrous nitrate, ferrous carbonate, ferric sodium pyrophosphate, ferric tartrate, ferric potassium tartrate, ferric subcarbonate, ferric glycerophosphate, ferric saccharate, ferric hydroxide saccharate, ferric manganese saccharate, ferrous ammonium sulfate, other pharmaceutically acceptable iron salts, and combinations thereof. Further embodiments of the present invention comprise examples of suitable insoluble iron salts such as ferric sodium pyrophosphate, ferrous carbonate, ferric hydroxide, ferrous oxide, ferric oxyhydroxide, ferrous oxalate, other pharmaceutically acceptable iron salts and combinations thereof. Moreover, other embodiments of the present invention comprise examples of suitable iron complexes such as polysaccharide-iron complex, methylidine-iron complex, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-iron complex, phenanthrolene iron complex, p-toluidine iron complex, ferrous saccharate complex, ferrlecit®, ferrous gluconate complex, ferrum vitis, ferrous hydroxide saccharate complex, iron-arene sandwich complexes, acetylacetone iron complex salt, iron-dextran complex, iron-dextrin complex, iron-sorbitol-citric acid complex, saccharated iron oxide, ferrous fumarate complex, iron porphyrin complex, iron phtalocyamine complex, iron cyclam complex, dithiocarboxy-iron complex, desferrioxamine-iron complex, bleomycin-iron complex, ferrozine-iron complex, iron perhaloporphyrin complex, alkylenediamine-N,N-disuccinic acid iron(lll) complex, hydroxypyridone-iron(lll) complex, aminoglycoside-iron complex, transferrin-iron complex, iron thiocyanate complex, iron complex cyanides, porphyrinato iron(lll) complex, polyaminopolycarbonate iron complexes, dithiocarbamate iron complex, adriamycin iron complex, anthracycline-iron complex, N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate (MGD)-iron complex, ferrioxamine B, ferrous citrate complex, ferrous sulfate complex, ferric gluconate complex, ferrous succinate complex, polyglucopyranosyl iron complex, polyaminodisuccinic acid iron complex, biliverdin-iron complex, deferiprone iron complex, ferric oxyhydride-dextran complex, dinitrosyl dithiolato iron complex, iron lactoferrin complexes, 1,3- ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) ferric complex salts, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid iron complex salts, cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid iron complex salts, methyliminodiacetic acid iron complex salts, glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid iron complex salts, ferric hydroxypyrone complexes, ferric succinate complex, ferric chloride complex, ferrous glycine sulfate complex, ferric aspartate complex, sodium ferrous gluconate complex, ferrous hydroxide polymaltose complex, other pharmaceutically acceptable iron complexes and combinations thereof. Further embodiments comprise iron amino acid chelates, which include products resulting from the reaction of protein hydrolysates such as polypeptides, dipeptides and naturally occurring alpha amino acids with the iron ion, as well as amino acid chelates with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), monohydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, monohydroxyethyldiglycine and dihydroxyethylglycine. Specific examples of iron amino acid chelates include ferrous aspartate, ferrous asparto glycinate, ferrous bisglycinate and ferrous histidinate. Other embodiments of the present invention comprise examples of elemental iron in the ferric form, such as ferric oxide-hydroxide, ferric acetate, ferric bromide, ferric chloride, ferric citrate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferric fluoride, ferric hydroxide, ferric nitrate, ferric polymaltose, ferric phosphate, ferric pyrophosphate, ferric oxalate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferric sulfate, ferroglycine sulfate, ferric sulfide, ferric glycinate and EDTA ferric sodium salt, in particular ferric glycinate. In particular embodiments, the iron is present in the form of ferrous asparto glycinate (e.g. Sumalate® of Albion Laboratories, Inc. or a product technically equivalent thereto), in the form of ferrous bisglycinate (e.g. Ferrochel® of Albion Laboratories, Inc. or a product technically equivalent thereto), or in the form of ferric glycinate (e.g. Iron Taste-Free® of Albion Laboratories, Inc. or a product technically equivalent thereto). Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2017165287. A further embodiment in particular relates to oral supplementation. Although the oral route is the most convenient route of delivery for iron, in many cases it has serious limitations due to limited intestinal absorption of the iron and non-compliance. Almost all commercial oral preparations today use ferrous iron (Fe2+), although ferric iron (Fe3+) is the form of iron that binds to transferrin within the blood plasma, and this is the form of iron that the body can metabolize and use. However, ferric iron does not pass through the intestinal wall via the specific ferrous iron receptors. Ferrous iron passes through the intestinal wall via a receptor-mediated transcellular pathway and it is then converted to the ferric form whereby it is taken up by the protein transferrin in the bloodstream. Therefore, most oral iron supplements contain ferrous iron. Ferrous iron when given orally, has very low bioavailability. Because only small amounts are absorbed, large doses are necessary most of which is left non-absorbed in the intestine leading to side effects, which include digestive intolerance, causing nausea, heartburn, flatulence, abdominal pain, diarrhea or constipation, and black or tarry stools. Thus non-compliance of patients is very common because of this intolerance related to gastrointestinal adverse events. The present embodiment relates to formulations of ferric iron-compounds for oral delivery, including a bioavailability enhancer to allow paracellular absorption of iron so that the iron does not need to be absorbed via specific iron receptors. The ferric iron compound according to the present embodiment includes ferric iron in ferric salts and / or complexes including the following: (a) ferric salts of carboxylic acids, e.g. ferric citrate, ferric tribasic citrate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferric tartrate, ferric acetylacetonate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate ferric sodium salt, ferric salts of monocarboxylic acids (short, medium and long chains); preferred are ferric ammonium citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate ferric sodium salt (ferric sodium EDTA); (b) ferric salts comprising an heterocyclic structure, e.g. ferric trimaltol and ferric hydroxy pyrones e.g. iron complexes of 3-hydroxy-4-pyrones; and (c) other ferric derivatives, e.g. ferric inorganic salts such as ferric ammonium sulfate; ferric organic salts such as ferric dextrans, ferric trimaltose, ferrichydroxide polymaltose, ferric acetyl-hydroxamate and ferric salts of amino acids; preferred is ferric acetyl-hydroxamate. Preferred bioavailability enhancers include medium chain fatty acid salts and derivatives thereof, bile salts, none-ionic surfactants, ionic surfactants, water soluble phospholipids, medium-chain glycerides, ethylene-diaminetetraacetic acid, fatty acid derivatives pf polyethylene glycol, alkylsaccharides or salicylates. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2012097155. Another embodiment relates to an iron supplementationcomprising ferrous L-threonate, which may be prepared as follows: 1. Prepared by neutralization reaction of L-threonic acid with ferrous oxides or ferrous hydroxides, for example, with ferrous oxide (FeO) and ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH)2); 2. Prepared by replacement reaction of L-threonic acid or calcium L-threonate with inorganic ferrous salts, such as ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), ferrous chloride (FeCI2) and ferrous nitrate (Fe(NO3)2), wherein L-threonic acid can be obtained by oxidizing vitamin C or by removing calcium from calcium L- threonate. Further details thereof are disclosed in EP1038524A1. Further embodiments concerne an iron supplementation which are lipid-based dispersions comprising iron (II) or iron (II) supplements, such as ferrous sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous gluconate, ferrous lactate, ferrous tartrate, iron-sugar-carboxylate complexes, ferrous fumarate, ferrous succinate, ferrous glutamate, ferric citrate, ferrous citrate, ferrous pyrophosphate, ferrous cholinisocitrate, and ferrous carbonate, and the like. In one embodiment the iron is ferric citrate. Thereby, the lipid-based dispersion includes a lipid layer, including liposome forming lipids. Typically, the lipid includes at least one phosphatidyl choline which provides the primary packing / entrapment / structural element of the liposome. Typically, the phosphatidyl choline includes mainly C16or longer fatty-acid chains. Chain length provides for both liposomal structure, integrity, and stability. Optionally, the fatty-acid chains can have at least one double bond. Optionally, the lipid further includes a phospholipid not being a phosphatidyl choline. Cholesterol typically provides stability to the liposome. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2006031857. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to nanonized iron compositions. Thereby, any appropriate method can be used to make the nanonized iron composition, including for example, the Rapid Expansion of Supercritical Solutions (RESS) process, the Supercritical Anti-Solvent (SAS) method, and the Particles from Gas Saturated Solutions (PGSS) method. These methods are known to the skilled person in the art. Embodiments of the nanonized iron composition can by in any appropriate drug delivery form, including an oral dosage, a transdermal patch, an intravenous solution or a dialysate, as well as other forms known in the pharmaceutical drug delivery arts. Various embodiments relate to nanonized iron compositions wherein the iron-containing nanoparticles have a diameter of 1000 nm or less, or 500 nm or less, or 250 nm or less, or 100 nm or less, or 50 nm or less. Additional embodiments provide nanonized compositions in which 50% or more of the particles have a diameter within 1 to 1000 nm, or within 1 to 500 nm, or within 1 to 250 nm, or within 1 to 100 nm, or within 1 to 50 nm, or within 10 to 1000 nm, or within 10 to 500 nm, or within 10 to 250 nm, or within 10 to 100 nm, or within 10 to 50 nm, or within 50 to 1000 nm, or within 50 to 500 nm, or within 50 to 250 nm, or within 100 to 1000 nm, or within 100 to 500 nm, or within 100 to 250 nm. One or more these particle sizes can be selected such that when the particles are added to a parenteral or other solution for administration to the patient the nanonized compositions dissolve sufficiently in the solution so that no filtering of the solution is needed to prevent an immune response such as a pyrogenic reaction due to any un-dissolved particles. Embodiments of the present invention relate to minimizing adverse GI reactions associated with oral delivery on iron-containing compounds and / or improving absorption in the small intestine, wherein the diameter (or other particle size dimension) of the iron-containing nanoparticles can be 1000 nm or less, or 500 nm or less, or 250 nm or less, or 100 nm or less, or 50 nm or less, or 20 nm or less, or 10 nm or less. Related embodiments for achieving this result provide nanonized iron compositions in which 50% or more of the particles have a diameter within 1 to 1000 nm, or within 1 to 500 nm, or within 1 to 250 nm, or within 1 to 100 nm, or within 1 to 50 nm, or within 10 to 1000 nm, or within 10 to 500 nm, or within 10 to 250 nm, or within 10 to 100 nm, or within 10 to 50 nm, or within 50 to 1000 nm, or within 50 to 500 nm, or within 50 to 250 nm, or within 100 to 1000 nm, or within 100 to 500 nm, or within 100 to 250 nm. The same range of sizes apply to parenteral or other solutions for administration to the patient to prevent an immune response such as a pyrogenic reaction due to any un-dissolved particles, as well as for the parenteral or other solution delivered to a patient receiving treatment for iron deficiency. Still, additional embodiments relate to nanonized iron compositions wherein the iron-containing nanoparticles have a diameter of 50,000 nm or less, or 25,000 nm or less, or 10,000 nm or less, or 5000 nm or less, or 2500 nm or less. Further embodiments provide nanonized compositions in which 50% or more of the particles have a diameter within 100 to 50,000 nm, or within 100 to 25,000 nm, or within 100 to 10,000 nm, or within 100 to 5000 nm, or within 1000 to 50,000 nm, or within 1000 to 25,000 nm, or within 1000 to 10,000 nm, or within 1000 to 5000 nm, or within 5000 to 50,000 nm, or within 5000 to 25,000 nm, or within 5000 to 10,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 50,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 25,000 nm. Particular embodiments relate to intravenous and dialysate embodiments, wherein the particle sizes (as determined by diameter or other particle dimension) of the iron-containing nanoparticles comprising the nanonized iron composition can be chosen to be in the 100 to 5000 nm range, the 500 to 10,000 nm range, the 1000 to 25,000 nm range, the 5000 to 50,000 nm range or the 10,000 to 100,000 nm range. Also, the particle size and particle size distribution can be optimized for other factors separately or in combination with rate of dissolution and / or solubility, such as stability, bioavailability and the presence of other compounds such as erythropoietin (or other red blood cell stimulating glycoprotein) or various preservatives such as citric acid. Yet additional embodiments provide nanonized iron compositions wherein the iron-containing nanoparticles have a diameter of 500,000 nm or less, or 250,000 nm or less, or 100,000 nm or less, or 50,000 nm or less, or 25,000 nm or less. Still further embodiments provide nanonized compositions in which 50% or more of the particles have a diameter within 1000 to 500,000 nm, or within 1000 to 250,000 nm, or within 1000 to 100,000 nm, or within 1000 to 50,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 500,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 250,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 100,000 nm, or within 10,000 to 50,000 nm, or within 50,000 to 500,000 nm, or within 50,000 to 250,000 nm, or within 50,000 to 100,000 nm, or within 100,000 to 500,000 nm, or within 100,000 to 250,000 nm. In other embodiments of the present invention, the nanoparticles are nanonized iron compositions that are sized or otherwise configured to minimize an adverse reaction of the patient to administration of an iron compound included in the nanonized iron composition. Suitable iron compounds for use in nanonized iron-containing compositions can include, for example, ferric pyrophosphate, and related iron salts. Other suitable iron compounds can include without limitation, ferrous or ferric complexes comprising edetate, ethylenediamineedetate, ethylenediaminesuccinate, ferric citrate, ferric pyrophosphate citrate chelate, ferric ammonium citrate, ferric choline citrate, ferric manganese citrate, ferric quinine citrate, ferric sodium citrate, ferric formate, ferric gluconate, ferric ammonium sulfate, ferric ammonium oxalate, ferric potassium oxalate, ferric sodium oxalate, ferric trisglycinate, ferric bislycinate, ferrous saccharate, ferrlecit®, ferrous gluconate, ferrum vitis, ferrous hydroxide saccharate, iron-arene sandwich, acetylacetone iron salt, iron-dextran complex, iron-dextrin, iron-sorbitol-citric acid, saccharated iron oxide, ferrous fumarate, iron porphyrin, iron phtalocyamine, iron cyclam, dithiocarboxy-iron, desferrioxamine-iron, bleomycin-iron, ferrozine-iron, iron perhaloporphyrin, alkylenediamine-N,N'-disuccinic acid iron(III), hydroxypyridone-iron(III), aminoglycoside iron, transferrin-iron, iron thiocyanate, iron complex cyanides, porphyrinato iron(III), polyaminopolycarbonate iron, dithiocarbamate iron, adriamycin iron, anthracycline-iron, MGD-lron, ferrioxamine B, ferrous citrate, ferrous sulfate, ferric gluconate complex, ferrous succinate, polyglcopyranosyl iron, polyaminodisuccinic acid iron, biliverdin-iron, deferiprone iron, ferric oxyhydride-dextran, dinitrosyl dithiolato iron, iron lactoferrin, 1,3-PDTA ferric complex salts, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid iron salts, cyclohexanediaminetetraacetic acid iron salts, methyliminodiacetic acid iron salts, glycol ether diaminetetraacetic acid iron complex, ferric hydroxypyrone, ferric succinate, ferric chloride, ferrous glycine sulfate, ferric aspartate, sodium ferrous gluconate, ferrous hydroxide polymaltose, other pharmaceutically acceptable chelated iron complexes, blends, mixtures and / or combinations thereof. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2012092305. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments comprises an iron carbohydrate complex which is any complex of iron ions or iron particles comprising Fe3+and / or Fe2+and a carbohydrate. In particular, the carbohydrate complex is selected from the group comprising iron carboxymaltose, iron polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether complex, iron mannitol complex, iron dextran, iron hydrogenated dextran, carboxyalkylated reduced oligo- and poly saccharides, iron sucrose, iron gluconate, iron dextrin, iron hydrogenated dextrin, iron polymaltose, iron hydrogenated polymaltose, iron polyisomaltose, iron hydrogenated polyisomaltose, iron saccharide complex, iron pyrophosphate, iron sorbitol, glycoheptanoic acid, oxidised dextrin, oxidised dextran, oxidised oligo and polysaccharides or mixtures thereof. In a certain embodiment the iron is complexed with dextran glucoheptonic acid. This iron carbohydrate complex is also known as Gleptoferron and is obtainable as eg. Gleptosil (Alstoe Limited Animal Health, York, GB), Ursoferran (Serumwerk Bernburg AG, Bernburg, D). In another embodiment, the iron is complexed to hydrogenated dextran. Commercial iron hydrogenated dextran complexes are Uniferon, CosmoFer, MonoFer, and DiaFer obtainable from Pharmacosmos A / S, Holbaek, Denmark. The carbohydrate component of the iron carbohydrate complex may have any suitable molecular weight. It is generally preferred to use a carbohydrate component with a molecular weight in which weight average molecular weight (MW) of the carbohydrate component of the iron carbohydrate complex is 800 to 80,000 Dalton, preferably 800 to 10,000 In preferred embodiments, the apparent molecular weight of the iron carbohydrate complex is 500.000 Dalton or less, such as an apparent molecular weight of 400.000 Dalton or less. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2016066172. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention comprises a method of preparing an iron hydroxide product. The method includes the steps of: (1) adding a first base solution to a solution of a ferric salt to obtain Mixture A having a pH value of 2.7-2.8, (2) adding a second base solution to Mixture A to prepare a crude iron hydroxide suspension having a pH value of 2.8-3.8, and (3) adding a third base solution to adjust the pH of the crude iron hydroxide suspension to 4.5-9.5 (e.g., 5-9), followed by purification and concentration, thereby obtaining a purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension containing polynuclear iron hydroxide or wet cake as an exemplary product. Purification methods are those known in the art. The first, second and the third base solution, independently, can be an aqueous solution of a carbonate salt, e.g., NaHCO3, Na2CO3, (NH4)CO3, and K2CO3. The preferred solution is an aqueous Na2CO3 solution having a mass percentage of 1% to 25% (e.g., 3% to 20%, 5% to 15%, and 10%). Further, the first, second, and third base solutions can be the same or different. Suitable ferric salts include Fe2(SO4)3,Fe(NO3)3, FeCl3, and their hydrates. A preferred ferric salt is FeCl3 (e.g., FeCl3*6H2O) having a mass percentage of 5% to 60%, preferably 15% to 25%. In some embodiments, the method further contains the steps of: (i) mixing the purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension and a carbohydrate to obtain a carbohydrate mixture, (ii) adjusting the pH value of the carbohydrate mixture to 7.5-13 or 9.5-13.5 (e.g., 10-13.5), and (iii) heating the pH-adjusted carbohydrate mixture to a temperature of 60°C - 125°C (preferably 75-95°C and more preferably 80- 95°C), thereby producing an iron hydroxide-carbohydrate complex suspension, in which the mass ratio between iron and carbohydrate is (1-1100) : 100, and the iron hydroxide product is the iron hydroxide carbohydrate complex. Exemplary carbohydrates include monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides, hydrolyzed polysaccharides, and any combinations thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the carbohydrate is sucrose and the mass ratio between Fe3+and sucrose is 1 : (10-20), e.g., 1 : (13-17). The term “carbohydrate” refers to aldehyde or ketone compounds substituted with multiple hydroxyl groups, of the general formula (CH2O)n, in which n is 3-300. Carbohydrates include monosaccharide (n=3-10), disaccharide (n=8-14, e.g., 12, having two monosaccharide units), oligosaccharide (n=15-59, i.e., having 3-9 monosaccharide units), as well as polysaccharide (i.e., having 10 or more monosaccharide units). Examples include glyceraldehyde, dihydroxyacetone, erythrose, threose, arabinose, ribose, xylose, ribulose, xylulose, glucose (dextrose), fructose, galactose, ribose, allose, altrose, gulose, idose, mannose, talose, psicose, sorbose, tagatose, mannoheptulose, sedoheptulose, 2- keto-3-deoxy-manno-octonate, and sialose. Examples of a disaccharide include sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, lactose, trehalose, cellobiose, chitobiose, rutinose, and rutinulose. The term “carboxylated carbohydrate” refers to a carbohydrate containing a carboxyl group (-COOH or -COO-). They can be prepared by oxidizing a corresponding original carbohydrate. In other embodiments, the method further includes the steps of: (i) mixing the purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension with citric acid, a citrate salt, or combination thereof to obtain a citrate mixture, and (ii) heating the citrate mixture at a temperature of 40°C - 105°C (e.g., 45-95°C and 55-65°C) for 2 minutes to 10 hours (e.g., 2-180 minutes and 5-30 minutes) thereby producing an ferric citrate complex suspension containing iron hydroxide-citrate complex, in which the molar ratio between iron and citrate being 1 : (0.3 - 5), preferable 1: (0.6 - 1.5), and the iron hydroxide product is an iron hydroxide-citrate complex. The iron hydroxide-citrate complex has a water solubility of 20 wt% or greater (e.g., 50 wt% or greater), a high iron content (e.g., by dry weight 5% - 35% and 12% - 25%), and absence of free ferric ions. In still other embodiments, the method further includes the steps of: (a) mixing the purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension and a solution containing (i) citric acid or a citrate salt and (ii) pyrophosphoric acid or a pyrophosphate salt to obtain a pyrophosphate mixture, and (b) heating the pyrophosphate mixture at a temperature of 40°C - 105°C (e.g., 55-65°C) for 5 minutes to 10 hours (e.g., 25-55 minutes), thereby producing a ferric citrate pyrophosphate suspension, in which the molar ratio of iron : citrate : pyrophosphate is 1 : (0.3 -3) : (0.3 - 3) and the iron hydroxide product is an iron hydroxide-citrate- pyrophosphate complex that has a water solubility of 20 wt% or greater (e.g., 50 wt% or greater) and contains by dry weight iron 3% - 35% (e.g., 5-20 %). In yet other embodiments, the method further includes the steps of: (a) mixing the purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension with a carboxylated carbohydrate to obtain a carboxylated carbohydrate mixture, and (b) heating the carboxylated carbohydrate mixture at a temperature of 50 °C - 125 °C (e.g., 65-125°C, 55-75°C, and 65-75°C) for 5 minutes to 10 hours (e.g., 25-55 minutes), thereby producing a ferric carboxylated carbohydrate suspension, in which the molar ratio between iron and the carboxylated carbohydrate is 1 : (0.3 - 5), preferably 1: (0.5 - 1.5), and the iron hydroxide product is an iron hydroxide-carboxylated carbohydrate complex. Exemplary carboxylated carbohydrates are gluconate and other carboxylated disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Gluconic acid or any water-soluble gluconate salt (e.g., alkali-D-gluconate such as sodium-D-gluconate) can be used in the preparation. Further, the method includes the additional steps of: (a) mixing the purified polynuclear iron hydroxide suspension with a multivalent anion to obtain a multivalent anion mixture, (b) adjusting the pH value of the multivalent anion mixture to 2-13, preferably 3-9, and (c) heating the pH-adjusted multivalent anion mixture to a temperature of 40°C - 125°C, preferably 50°C - 95°C, thereby producing a nano ferric complex suspension, in which the mass ratio between iron and the multivalent anion is (1-1100) : 100 and the iron hydroxide product is the nano ferric complex. Suitable multivalent anions include citric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, malic acid, glyceryl phosphoric acid, any salt thereof, and any combination thereof. These multivariant anions can be used in combination with pyrophosphate. Also within the scope are iron hydroxide products prepared from any method described above. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2022072439. The iron supplementation according to the present invention comprises stable injectable iron compositions including iron, a carbohydrate, a stabilizing agent and water. In a first embodiment, the injectable iron composition comprises iron, a carbohydrate, a stabilizing agent and water. In further embodiments, the iron is elemental iron. In further embodiments, the carbohydrate comprises (i) a monosaccharide, a disaccharide, an oligosaccharide or a polysaccharide; or (ii) a modified monosaccharide, a modified disaccharide, a modified oligosaccharide or a modified polysaccharide. In further embodiments, the elemental iron and the carbohydrate form a colloidal iron (III) carbohydrate complex. In other embodiments, the composition comprises iron carboxymaltose, iron sucrose, iron polyisomaltose, iron dextrin, iron gluconate, iron sorbitol, iron hydrogenated dextran, iron derisomaltose, derived carbohydrate-coated, superparamagnetic iron oxide or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof. In further embodiments, (i) the monosaccharide comprises glucose, galactose, fructose, isomers thereof or mixtures thereof; (ii) the disaccharide comprises sucrose, lactose, maltose or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof; (iii) the oligosaccharide comprises raffinose, stachyose, verbascose or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof; or (iv) the polysaccharides comprise starch, a starch derivative, dextran, cellulose, glycogen or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof. In further embodiments, (i) the monosaccharide comprises dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribose, ribulose, sorbose, xylose, arabinose, fructose, glucose, galactose, mannose, or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof; or (ii) the disaccharide comprises sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, melibiose, primeverose, rutinose, trehalose, lactose or isomers thereof or mixtures thereof. In further embodiments, the starch derivative comprises a dextrin comprising a maltodextrin, a maltose syrup, a glucose syrup or mixtures thereof. In further embodiments, the stabilizing agent comprises an alkalinizing agent, a buffering agent or sucrose. In further embodiments, the iron comprises elemental iron, the carbohydrate comprises sucrose, and the stabilizing agent comprises at least one of a sodium compound, L-histidine, sucrose, or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the alkalinizing agent comprises sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, the buffering agent comprises sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium bicarbonate or a mixture thereof. In further embodiments, the buffering agent comprises L-histidine, glycine, arginine, tyrosine, lysine or a mixture thereof. In further embodiments, the sodium compound is sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium gluconate or a combination thereof. In further embodiments, (i) the iron (III) carbohydrate complex comprises an iron monosaccharide complex, an iron disaccharide complex, an iron oligosaccharide complex, an iron polysaccharide complex or combinations thereof; or (ii) wherein the iron polysaccharide complex comprises iron carboxymaltose, iron sucrose, iron polyisomaltose, iron polymaltose, iron gluconate, iron sorbitol, iron hydrogenated dextran, iron derisomaltose or mixtures thereof. Further embodiments relate to an injectable iron composition comprising a colloidal iron- carbohydrate complex, a stabilizing agent and water, preferably wherein the carbohydrate is a sugar comprising glucose and fructose. The stable iron composition of the present application can be prepared using a commercially available iron-carbohydrate complex or iron-carbohydrate colloid that water, and a stabilizing agent can be mixed with to form the stable ready-to-use or ready-to-administer iron compositions of the current application. Such commercially available iron-carbohydrate complexes or iron-carbohydrate colloids are listed in Table A. These compounds are encompassed for the use of the present invention as such, i.e. also without further preparing a stable iron composition according to the present invention. Table A:

[0002] The commercially available iron-carbohydrate complexes or iron-carbohydrate colloids listed in Table A are available from the following manufacturers listed in Table B below. Table B: The commercially available iron-carbohydrate complexes or iron-carbohydrate colloids listed in Table A have the following iron-carbohydrate content and pH listed in Table C. Table C Tire commercially available iron-carbohydrate complexes or iron-carbohydrate colloids listed in Table A have the following physico-chemical properties listed in Table D below. Table D

[0003] In some embodiments of the present invention, iron ferumoxytol also known as derived carbohydrate- coated, superparamagnetic iron oxide relates to an iron complex where ferumoxitol includes a polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether-coated non-stoichiomctric magnetite. In certain embodiments of the present invention is an iron sucrose injectable solution comprising Venofer® (Iron Sucrose Injection, USP), which is 20 mg / mL composed of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) polynuclear iron (Ill)-hydroxide in sucrose having a molecular weight of approximately 34.000 to 60,000 Daltons (Da) and a proposed structural formula of: [Na2Fe5O8(OH) x 3(H2O)]n x m(C12H22O11), where n is the degree of iron polymerization and m is the number of sucrose molecules associated with the polymerized iron (Ill)-hydroxide and are in the range of providing said molecular weight. In particular embodiments, the sucrose in the polynuclear iron (III)-hydroxide complex can be in a range from about 0.5 mg / mL, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5.6, 7, 8.9, 10, 11, 12.13, 14, 15.16, 17, 18,19, 20. 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 to about 31 mg / mL. In another embodiments, the stabilizing agent sodium hydroxide can be present in the iron composition in an amount from about 0.07, or about 0.08 to about 28.3 mg / mL or to about 0.96 mg / mL. In certain embodiments of the present invention is an iron sucrose injectable solution comprising FerMed®. In addition to FerMed® and Venofer®, other parenteral iron compositions approved in the United States include iron dextran (e.g., InFed®, Dexferrum®), sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose (Ferrlecit®), and ferric carboxymaltose injection (Injectafer®). Those approved in the UK also includes iron sucrose (Sucrofcr®, UK Claris). Ferric dcrisomaltose (e.g., ferric derisomaltose or iron isomaltoside) is another form of iron compound used in the treatment of iron deficiency. This drug is a complex of iron (III) hydroxide and derisomaltose. The latter is an iron carbohydrate oligosaccharide that works to release iron. The molecular formula of this iron carbohydrate complex is Ci 8H34FeOi6+3- Specifically, ferric derisomaltose is an iron carbohydrate complex with a matrix structure composed of interchanging layers of ferric hydroxide and the carbohydrate derisomaltose. Derisomaltose contains linear, hydrogenated isomaltooligosaccharides with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da. Ferric derisomaltose has an average molecular weight of 155,000 Da and has the following empirical formula: {FeO(1-3X) (OH) (1+3X) (C6H5O73-)X], (H2O)T, (C6H1006)R(-C6H10O5-)Z(C6H13O5)R, (NaCl)Y wherein X= 0.0311; T = 0.25; R = 0.14; Z = 0.49; Y = 0.14. Further details of the iron supplementation are disclosed in WO2023028252. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention comprises iron complex compounds, which is a complex of iron ions or iron particles comprising Fe3+and / or Fe2+and one or more ligands. The iron atoms are bound in a coordination complex through ionic and coordinate covalent bonds with the ligand(s) or as part of a poly-nuclear iron ligand nanomolecule, preferably an iron carbohydrate nanomolecule. According to embodiments of the present invention, the ligand in the iron complex compound is a carbohydrate. The term “carbohydrate" as used herein is not limited to compounds having the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n, wherein m and n are integers which may be the same or different from each other, but also includes carbohydrates which are reduced, oxidised, or derivatised, e.g. by the formation of ethers, amides, esters and amines with the hydroxyl groups of the carbohydrates or by the conversion of aldehyde groups of the carbohydrates to glycolic groups so as to form heptonic acids. Carbohydrates which may be used as ligands in iron carbohydrate complexes include, for example, monosaccharides; disaccharides, e.g. sucrose, maltose or isomaltose; oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, e.g. maltodextrin, polyglucose, dextran, oligomaltose, oligoisomaltose; sugar alcohols, e.g. sorbitol and mannitol; sugar acids and salts thereof, e.g. gluconic acid, gluconate, dextran glucoheptonic acid, dextrin glucoheptonic acid, dextran glucoheptonate and dextrin glucoheptonate, as well as reduced and / or oxidised and / or derivatised variants thereof, e.g. carboxymaltose, polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether, hydrogenated dextran, oxidised dextran, carboxyalkylated oligo- and polysaccharides, oxidised oligo- and polysaccharides, hydrogenated dextrin, oxidised dextrin, hydrogenated oligomaltose, hydrogenated oligoisomaltose, hydrogenated oligomaltose, hydroxyethyl starch, hydroxyethyl starch carrying heptonic acid moieties, or a mixture of two or more thereof. When oligo- and polysaccharides are used, these typically comprise mixtures of oligo- and polysaccharides having varying chain lengths. Therefore, these oligo- and polysaccharides can conveniently be characterised by weight or number average molecular weights and the distribution of these molecules across a range of molecular weights. For the sake of simplicity, reference to an oligo- or polysaccharide is meant to refer to such mixtures. Such carbohydrates will typically have a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 500 to 80,000 Da, such as from 800 to 40,000 Da or from 800 to 10,000 Da and in particular from 800 to 3,000 Da. In particular embodiments, the carbohydrate is a polysaccharide or oligosaccharide or mixture thereof having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 500 to 7,000 Da, such as from 500 to 3,000 Da, from 700 to 1,400 Da and in particular of from 850 to 1,150 Da, e.g., of about 1,000 Da, or from 1,150 to 1,350 Da, e.g., of about 1,250 Da. The term “oligosaccharide” comprises typically 3-10 monosaccharide units, their derivatives described above, and mixtures, wherein the majority (e.g. at least 60%, at least 70%, or at least 80%) has the length of 3-10 monosaccharides. Preferably, the content of reducing aldehyde groups in the carbohydrate is at least partially reduced. This can be achieved by hydrogenation, oxidation, glycosylation, or a combination thereof. Iron carbohydrate complex compounds comprising carbohydrates which are hydrogenated and / or oxidised can be prepared as described, for example, in WO 99 / 48533 A1; WO 2010 / 108493 A1 or WO 2019 / 048674 A1, all of which is incorporated by reference. The amount of reducing carbohydrate can be determined using Somogyi’s reagent. Alternatively or additionally to hydrogenation, aldehyde groups can be oxidised in embodiments of the present invention, for example by oxidation of the carbohydrate using an aqueous solution of hypochlorite, chlorite or hypobromite at a pH within the alkaline range, e.g. within the range of from pH 8 to pH 12, in particular from pH 9 to pH 11. Particularly preferred carbohydrate ligands according to the present invention are: - Oligoisomaltose, in particular hydrogenated oligoisomaltose (i.e. oligoisomaltoside). In particular embodiments, the oligoisomaltos(id)e has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 700 to 1,500 Da. Oligoisomaltos(id)e having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 850 to 1,150 Da; preferably 950 to 1,050 Da, most preferably from 975 to 1025 Da, e.g., of about 1000 Da, represents one particular embodiment. Oligoisomaltos(id)e having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of from 1,150 to 1,350 Da; preferably from 1,200 to 1,300 Da, most preferably from 1,225 to 1275 Da; e.g., of about 1250 Da (also referred to herein as “octasaccharide”), represents another particular embodiment. - Gluconic acid derivatives of carbohydrates, such as dextran or dextrin, including bepectate or dextran glucoheptonic acid. The term “bepectate” as used herein refer to a hydroxyethyl-amylopectin (starch) derivative. Bepectate has also been referred to as polyglucoferron (FeramylTM). Bepectate is disclosed, for instance, in WO 2012 / 175608 A1. Such hydroxyethyl-amylopectin (starch) derivative may carry a number of heptonic acid residues per molecule, depending on the number of terminal glucosyl residues being present in the starch molecule. More generally, hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a starch in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the single glucosyl residues are substituted by a hydroxyethyl residue. The modification by the heptonic acid residue takes place by converting the terminal glucosyl residue of the hydroxyethyl starch into a heptonic acid residue. Preferably, the hydroxyethyl starch used in the method has a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 200,000 g / mol, in particular of less than 130,000 g / mol, in particular of less than 100,000 g / mol, in particular of less than 90,000 g / mol, in particular of less than 80000 g / mol and very particular of less than 75,000 g / mol. A very well suited molecular weight is in the range of 55,000 g / mol to 85,000 g / mol. Such a hydroxyethyl starch with a molecular weight of 70,000 g / mol ± 15,000 g / mol and an average degree of molar substitution of 0.5 ± 0.05 can also be referred to as HES 70 / 0.5. According to other embodiments, the ligand is a ligand suitable for ligand-substituted oxohydroxy iron complex compounds. Suitable ligands include, for example, carboxylic acids, such as adipic acid, glutaric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, aspartic acid, pimelic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, lactic acid and benzoic acid; food additives such as maltol, ethyl maltol and vanillin; anions with ligand properties such as bicarbonate, sulphate and phosphate; mineral ligands such as silicate, borate, molybdate and selenate; amino acids, in particular proteinogenic amino acids, such as tryptophan, glutamine, proline, valine and histidine; and nutrient-based ligands such as folate, ascorbate, pyridoxine and niacin; as well as a mixtures of two or more thereof. A particular example of suitable polymeric ligands are the biocompatible polyethylene glycol-based polymers described in US 8,741,615 B2, i.e., a biocompatible polymer of general formula (I), wherein R1is alkyl, aryl, carboxyl, or amino, R2is alkyl or aryl, n is an integer from 5 to 1000, and m is an integer from 1 to 10. Suitable alkyl groups for R1and R2include C1-C20straight chain or branched alkyl groups. In one embodiment, each of R1and R2independently, is a C1-C6straight chain or branched alkyl such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, tert- pentyl, n-hexyl, and isohexyl. Suitable aryl groups for R1and R2include C6-C12substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups such as phenyl, biphenyl, and naphthyl, and examples of substituents thereof include hydroxyl, haloalkyl, alkoxyl, cyano, nitro, amino, or alkylamino. The number of methylene units m is preferably an integer from 1 to 10. The number of oxyethylene units n is preferably an integer from 5 to 1000, equivalent to a molecular weight of 200-50000 g / mole of the PEG. In one embodiment, m is about 3, and n is about 15. The biocompatible polymer is useful in that it can chemically modify the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles to give a biocompatible magnetic material comprising a magnetic nanoparticle and the biocompatible polymer. For iron ions to be suitable for parenteral administration, they have to be complexed with ligands so that the amount of free iron ions is low, and the iron is released in a controlled manner after being administered. Expediently, the total amount of free iron that comes with the iron complex compound prior to administration is in certain embodiments 0.01% w / v or less and preferably less than 0.003% w / v (for an iron complex compound being presented as a 100 mg / mL solution). Put differently, in another embodiments, the total amount of free iron relative to the total iron content is 0.1% or less and preferably less than 0.03% of free iron by weight of total iron content (for an iron complex compound being presented as a 100 mg / mL solution). This requires the iron complex compound to have a physical stability that sufficient for the complex to be processed into the final drug product and stored until it is used. Iron carbohydrate complex compounds according to the present invention include complexes with the carbohydrate ligands disclosed herein, for example, iron carboxymaltose, iron polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether complex, iron mannitol complex, iron dextran, iron hydrogenated dextran, iron oxidised dextran, iron carboxyalkylated reduced oligo- and polysaccharides, iron sucrose, iron gluconate, iron dextrin, iron hydrogenated dextrin, iron oxidised dextrin, iron oligomaltose, hydrogenated iron oligomaltose, iron hydrogenated oligosaccharides such as iron hydrogenated oligoisomaltose, iron hydroxyethyl starch, iron sorbitol, iron dextran glucoheptonic acid (e.g., gleptoferron) and a mixture of two or more thereof. According to particular embodiments, the iron carbohydrate complex compound is selected from iron carboxymaltose, iron polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether complex, iron mannitol complex, iron dextran, iron hydrogenated dextran, iron sucrose, iron gluconate, iron dextrin, iron hydrogenated oligoisomaltose and a mixture of two or more thereof. In more preferred embodiments, the iron carbohydrate complex is iron hydrogenated oligoisomaltose (iron oligoisomaltoside). The amount of iron in the iron carbohydrate complex compound, determined for dry matter, is in embodiments of the present invention typically in the range of from 10 to 50%, preferably 15 to 35%, most preferably 20 to 30%, e.g., from 20 to 25%, of iron by weight of the carbohydrate complex. Accordingly, the weight ratio of elemental iron to carbohydrate in the complex is typically 10:90 to 50:50, preferably 15:85 to 45:55, most preferably 20:80 to 40:60, e.g., about 70:30. The “apparent” peak molecular weight (MP) of the iron carbohydrate complexes is typically in the range of from 800 to 800,000 Da, such as from 10,000 to 500,000 Da or from 20,000 to 400,000 Da or from 50,000 to 300,000 Da and in particular from 90,000 to 200,000 Da. The “apparent” peak molecular weight MP can be determined by gel-permeation chromatography using, e.g., dextran standards. See, for example, the method described in Jahn et al., Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011, 78, 480-491. For iron oligoisomaltos(id)e complexes disclosed herein the “apparent” peak molecular weight (MP) is typically in the range of from 120,000 to 190,000 Da, in particular from 125.000 to 185.000 Da or from 130,000 to 180,000 Da. An “apparent” peak molecular weight (MP) in the range of 135,000 to 175,000 Da and especially in the range from 140,000 to 155,000 Da has proven to be advantageous, especially in connection the ferric octasaccharide disclosed herein. Preferably, the “apparent” peak molecular weight (MP) is in the range of 145,000 to 155,000 Da, especially in connection the ferric octasaccharide disclosed herein. The iron oligoisomaltos(id)es preferably have a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution with a dispersity (Mw / Mn) in the range of 1.0 to 1.5, preferably 1.05 to 1.4, more preferably 1.1 to 1.3; e.g., at about 1.2. In some embodiments, the iron carbohydrate complexes can comprise stabilizers such as organic acids. Preferably, the organic acid is an organic hydroxy acid. Suitable examples of organic hydroxy acids are gluconic acid and citric acid. Citric acid is an expedient example. If present, the amount of citric acid is typically in the range of 3 to 20% by weight of total quantity of elemental iron. Particularly suitable iron carbohydrate complexes are oligoisomaltos(id)es, such as iron isomaltoside 1000 (INN name: ferric derisomaltose) or ferric octasaccharide. The term “iron oligoisomaltosides” refers to colloidal complexes comprising iron, e.g., as iron oxide hydroxide, and oligoisomaltoside in a matrix-like structure. An example of another iron oligoisomaltoside is commercially available in many countries under the tradename Monofer®, Monoferric® or Diafer®. The iron oligoisomaltoside complexes have been found to have properties which turn out to be advantageous when it comes to their medical use. In particular embodiments, total amount of free iron was found to be less than 0.01% w / v and in particular preferably less than 0.003% w / v for a 100 mg / mL solution of the iron oligoisomaltoside complex. In another particular embodiment, iron carbohydrate complex is ferric bepectate (FBP). Ferric bepectate is disclosed, for instance, in WO 2012 / 175608 A1. These are also known as gleptoferron, as disclosed e.g. in US 3,639,588. Another embodiment relates to ferric octasaccharide complexes, which comprise iron complexed with an octasacchairde. Preferably, the ferric octasaccharaide comprises an iron oxide hydroxide in stable association with an octasaccharide. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2023012242. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments comprises ferrous bisglycinate chelate having the following structure formula This compound, and its structure, have been known for some time (Ashmed S.D. The chemistry of ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Arch. Latino Am. De Nutr., 2001, 51(1), 7-12; Atkins P.W., Berau J.A. 1992 General Chemistry 2nd ed. Scientific American Books, WH Freeman New York; Coplin et al. Tolerability of Iron: a comparison of bis-glycino iron II and ferrous sulphate, Clinical Therapeutics, vol. 13, n. 5, 606-612 , 1991). Ferrous bisglycinate chelate is commercially available as e.g. Ferrochel® of Albion Laboratories, Inc.. Further details thereof are disclosed in EP2047854A1. The iron supplementation according to a further embodiment comprises the preferred iron composition bis-glycine chelate of iron (FerrochelTM, Albion International, Inc., USA), due to its gentleness to the stomach or tolerability profile. Further embodiments generally relate to amino acid chelates which are products resulting from the reaction of a polypeptide, dipeptide or naturally occurring alpha amino acid with a metal ion having a valence of two or more. Although the term amino acid as used herein refers only to products obtainable through protein hydrolysis, synthetically produced amino acids are not to be excluded provided they are the same as those obtained through protein hydrolysis. Accordingly, protein hydrolysates such as polypeptides, dipeptides and naturally occurring alpha amino acids are collectively referred to as amino acids. Additional suitable amino acid chelates include for example but are not limited to ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), monohydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic, acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic, monohydroxyethyldiglycine and dihydroxyethylglycine. Other suitable forms of iron include for example but are not limited to soluble iron salts, slightly soluble iron salts, insoluble iron salts, chelated iron, iron complexes, non-reactive iron such as carbonyl iron and reduced iron, and combinations thereof. Suitable iron absorption promoters include for example but are not limited to ascorbic acid, salts of ascorbic acid, derivatives of ascorbic acid, compounds having VitaminC activity, carbohydrates such as but not limited to mannitol, sorbitol, xylose, inositol, fructose, sucrose, lactose, and glucose, calcium, copper, sodium molybdate, amino acids and combinations thereof. Further details thereof are disclosed in US2006134227A1. The iron supplementation according to further s comprises iron carbohydrate complexes that do not induce significant increases in iFGF23 (intact FG23). While in particular ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) significantly increases iFGF23 (see, for instance, WO 2013 / 134273 A1), results from clinical trials provide evidence that the risk for increasing iFGF23 and thus triggering iFGF23-mediated effects is low with iron isomaltoside 1000 (Monofer®). Accordingly, the preferred iron carbohydrate complex is iron isomaltoside (IIM).The term “iron isomaltoside” as used herein refers to colloidal complexes comprising iron, e.g., as iron oxide hydroxide, and isomaltoside in a matrix-like structure. The term “isomaltoside” as used herein refers to a hydrogenated oligoisomaltose (oligoisomaltoside). In particular embodiments, the isomaltoside is a mixture of hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharides having a weight average molecular weight Mw of from 500 to 7,000 Da, such as from 500 to 3,000 Da, from 700 to 1,400 Da and in particular of about 1,000 Da. The number average molecular weight (Mn) of such hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide is preferably in the range of from 400 to 1,400 Da, and 90 wt- % of these molecules have molecular weights of less than 3,500 Da, in particular less than 2,700 Da, and the molecular weights of the remaining 10% of the molecules are below 4,500 Da, in particular below 3,200 Da. For example, said hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide is a hydrogenated polyglucose, oligoglucose or a mixture thereof, such as a hydrogenated dextran, hydrogenated dextrin or hydrogenated oligoisomaltose (oligoisomaltoside) or a mixture thereof, with hydrogenated oligoisomaltose, particularly hydrogenated oligoisomaltose wherein the majority (such as at least 60%, e g. from 70 to 80%) of the molecules has 3-6 monosaccharide units, being preferred. Accordingly, in preferred embodiments, the iron carbohydrate complex is an iron hydrogenated oligoisomaltose, in particular an iron(III) hydrogenated oligoisomaltose, wherein the majority (such as at least 60%, eg. from 70 to 80%) of the oligoisomaltoside molecules has 3-6 monosaccharide units, such as iron(III) isomaltoside 1000 (INN name: ferric derisomaltose). Iron isomaltosides are typically characterized by a strong colloidal complex of iron oxide-hydroxide and hydrogenated isomaltose (isomaltoside) chains resulting in a gradual release of iron. In the particular embodiments, the content of dimer saccharide of the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide is preferably 2.9 wt-% or less, 2.5 wt-% or less, or 2.3 wt-% or less, in particular 2.1 wt-% or less or 1.5 wt-% or less, and most preferably 1.0 wt-% or less, based on the total weight of the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide. Preferably, preparations of the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide used for preparing iron carbohydrate complexes have a content of monomer saccharide of 0.5 wt-% or less. Iron hydrogenated dextran complexes prepared from such hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide preparations typically have an apparent molecular weight (Mp) in the range of from 120,000 to 180,000 Da, in particular from 130,000 to 160,000 Da. Before the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide preparation is contacted with the iron preparation, the preparation can be purified by membrane processes so as to remove high molecular weight hydrogenated polysaccharides and / or low molecular weight hydrogenated oligosaccharides. In particular embodiments, the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide preparation has been purified by one or more membrane processes having a cut-off value between 340 and 800 Da. In even more particular embodiments, the hydrogenated poly- / oligosaccharide preparation has been purified by one or more membrane processes using a membrane having a cut-off value that allows for holding back polysaccharides having a molecular weight above 2,700 Da, optionally followed by further hydrolysis, and followed by one or more membrane processes using a membrane having a cut-off value between 340 and 800 Da. Alternatively, the purification by said membrane processes takes place prior to the hydrogenation. In particularly preferred embodiments, the iron isomaltoside is a compound having the formula

[0004] In further particularly preferred embodiments, the iron complex compound is a compound having the formula In particular embodiments, the iron complex has an iron content (determined for dry matter) of from 23 to 39 wt-% and is optionally present in the form of an injectable solution having about 100 mg / ml. Iron isomaltosides are obtainable as described, for instance, in WO2010 / 108493 A1 and WO2019 / 048674 A1. A preferred example of iron isomaltoside is commercially available in many countries under the tradename Monofer®, Monoferric® or Diafer®. Another particular iron carbohydrate complex is ferric bepectate (FBP). The term “ferric bepectate” as used herein refers to colloidal complexes comprising an iron core, e.g., as iron oxide hydroxide, coated with a hydroxyethylamylopectin derivative. Ferric bepectate has also been referred to as polyglucoferron. Ferric bepectate and its manufacture are disclosed, for instance, in WO2012175608 A1. Iron isomaltosides are the preferred iron carbohydrate complex. Particularly preferably, the iron isomaltoside is ferric derisomaltose. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2020249712. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments comprises an injectable medicinal preparation to prevent and treat iron deficiency anemia. This injectable medicinal preparation is also suitable for the treatment of the diseases of the present invention. The preparations use as active substances iron (III) dextran heptonic acid, iron (III) oligomaltoside, isomaltoside 1000 (an oligosaccharide with a mean molecular weight of 1,000 Da, which consists predominantly of chains corresponding to 3-5 glucose units), or iron (III) dextran complex. The iron (III) complexes additionally comprise one or more vitamins selected from the group consisting of folic acid (vitamin B9), cyanocobalamin or hydroxocobalamin (vitamin B12), niacin niacinamide or nicotinamide (vitamin B3), and vitamin E (tocopherol acetate or a-tocopherol; to reduce toxicity due to neutralization of the oxidative action of iron ions). Further details thereof are disclosed in EP3459550A1. The iron supplementation according to a further embodiment encompasses iron hydrogenated dextran complexes having a carbohydrate component comprising a backbone of glucose units linked by alpha- 1,6 glycosidic linkages and optionally branches of glucose units linked to the backbone through alpha- 1,3 glycosidic linkages, wherein the proportion of alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages to alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages is less than 5:100, such as less than 1:100. The low amount of branches of glucose units linked to the backbone through alpha-1,3glycosidic linkages may have less tendency to provoke an immunological response to the treatment. In a preferred embodiment, the carbohydrate component does not comprise detectable branches of glucose units linked by alpha-1,3 glycosidic linkages to the backbone. One embodiment relates to an (1—>6)-alpha-D-glucopyranan-(1—>6)-D-glucitol iron(lll) complex. The weight average molecular weight (MW) of the carbohydrate component of the iron carbohydrate complex is 800 to 40,000 Dalton, such as 800 to 10,000, and preferably 800 to 2,000 Dalton, more preferably around 1,000 Dalton. Generally, the apparent molecular weight of the iron carbohydrate complex measured relative to dextran standards, is 400.000 Dalton or less, such as 300.000 Dalton or less, and preferably 200.000 Dalton or less. Generally, the apparent molecular weight of the iron carbohydrate complex is above 20.000 Daltons, such as above 50.000 Daltons, and preferably above 100.000 Daltons. The method of determining the apparent molecular weight using dextran standards is disclosed in Jahn MR, et al, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 78 (2011) 480-491. The iron carbohydrate complex generally comprises one or more iron cores and a plurality of carbohydrates. The mean iron core size is suitably not greater than about 15 nm and usually in the range of at least about 1 nm to no greater than about 15 nm, such as at least about 3 nm but no greater than about 10 nm, and preferably at least about 5 nm but not greater than about 8 nm. The complex may contain any appropriate number of iron molecules per one carbohydrate, such as between 1 to 100 iron molecules per carbohydrate molecule, such as 5 to 50 or preferably 7 to 20 iron molecules per carbohydrate molecule. In a preferred embdoiment the iron carbohydrate complex comprises about 10 ± 5 iron molecules per one carbohydrate. Preferred is the iron carbohydrate complex Monofer®, an iron hydrogenated oligoisomaltoside having an apparent molecular weight of around 150,000 Daltons, an iron core of 5-8 nm, a shell diameter of around 10 nm, and about 8 iron atoms per carbohydrate molecule. The carbohydrate component has a weight average molecular weight of around 1,000 MW and comprises glucose units linked by a-1,6 glycosidic linkages without detectable branches of a-1,3 glucose units with a reduced end group. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2016206699. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to high dosage application of iron carbohydrate complexes. Preferably, such iron carbohydrate complexes have one or more of the following characteristics: a nearly neutral pH (e.g., about 5 to about 7); physiological osmolarity; stable carbohydrate component; an iron core size no greater than about 9 nm; mean diameter particle size no greater than about 35 nm, preferably about 25 nm to about 30 nm; slow or competitive delivery of the complexed iron to endogenous iron binding sites; serum half-life of over about 7 hours; low toxicity;nonimmunogenic carbohydrate component; or low risk of anaphylactoid I hypersensitivity reactions.Such iron carbohydrate complexes comprise (a) iron carboxy-maltose complexes such as ferric carboxymaltose (CAS-No. 9007-72-1, VIT-45, polynuclear iron (lll)-hydroxide 4(R)-(poly-(1—>4)-O-a-glucopyranosyl)-oxy-2(R),3(S),5(R),6- tetrahydroxy-hexanoate, "Injectafer®"), (b) carboxyalkylated reduced polysaccharide iron oxide complexes such as polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyl ether-coated non-stoichiometric magnetite (e.g. “ferumoxytol”, see Spinowitz 2005 Kidney Inti 68, 1801-1807,described in U.S. Patent No.6,599,498), and (c) iron polyisomaltose complexes such as iron polyisomaltose, e.g. iron isomaltoside 1000 (MonoferTM). Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2016196274. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention comprises iron- dextran compounds having an extremely low frequency of non-desired side effects and being satisfactory stable, also during sterilization and storage as aqueous solutions, which iron-dextran compound can be used as component in a therapeutical composition for prophylaxis or treatment of iron-deficiency in animal or human subjects by parenteral administration, the iron-dextran compound being characterized in that it comprises hydrogenated dextran having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) between 700 and 1,400 Daltons, preferably approximately 1,000 Daltons, a number average molecular weight (Mn) of 400 to 1,400 Daltons and wherein 90% by weight of the dextran has molecular weights less than 2,700 Daltons and the Mw of the 10% by weight fraction of the dextran having the highest molecular weights is below 3,200 Daltons, said hydrogenated dextran having been subjected to purification by membrane processes having a cut-off value between 340 and 800 Daltons, in stable association with ferric oxyhydroxide. In some embodiments, the iron-dextran compound has an apparent peak molecular weight (Mp) of 50,000-150,000 Da, preferably 70,000-130,000 Da, more preferably 80,000-120,000 Da, and its iron content is 15-45% b.w. The compounds can be synthesized as disclosed in WO0030657 and WO9948533. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to an iron oligosaccharide compound , which compound comprises a hydrogenated oligosaccharide in stable association with ferric oxyhydroxide, the hydrogenated oligosaccharide having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of less than 3,000 Daltons, preferably approximately 1,000 Daltons, the content of dimer saccharide in said hydrogenated oligosaccharide being 2.9% by weight or less, based on the total weight of the hydrogenated oligosaccharide. The amount of dimer in the oligosaccharide entering into stable association with iron(III)-oxyhydroxide is a key factor with regard to the stability of the final compound, and that the effect is exerted in a highly non-linear manner. Thus, by controlling the amount of dimer in the oligosaccharide before reacting with iron, a stable iron oligosaccharide compound is provided in an effective and cost-efficient way. In the case of dextran or dextrin, which are both glucose polymers comprising a 1,6-bonds as well as a 1,4-bonds, the dimers in question are isomaltose (two glucose monomers joined by an a 1,6-bond) and maltose (two glucose monomers joined by an a 1,4-bond). The hydrogenated oligosaccharide may be Dextran 1, which satisfies the Ruopean Pharmacopeia, entry 01 / 2009:1506. Usually, iron(III)-oxyhydroxid is the sole component used in the iron saccharide composition. The employed hydrogenated oligosaccharide being dextran or dextrin, has weight average molecular weight (Mw) between 500 and 3000 Daltons, a number average molecular weight (Mn) above 500 Daltons, wherein 90% by weight of said hydrogenated oligosaccharide has molecular weights less than 3500 Daltons, and the Mw of the 10% by weight fraction of the hydrogenated oligosaccharide having the highest molecular weights is below 4500 Daltons. Preferably, the hydrogenated oligosaccharide has been subjected to membrane processes having a cut-off value of between 340 and 800 Daltons. Suitably, the iron oligosaccharide compound has an apparent molecular weight (MP) of 120 to 180 kD. Preferably, the an apparent molecular weight (MP) is between 130 and 160 kD. The amount of iron in the iron oligosaccharide compound may vary in accordance to the intended use of the final composition. Generally, the amount of iron in the iron oligosaccharide compound is 50 % by weight or less. Suitably, the amount of iron oligosaccharide is above 10 % by weight. The compounds as mentioned above may be synthesized as disclosed in WO2010108493. Further embodiments relate to iron(III)hydroxide / dextran complexes which give stable sterile solutions for injection purposes having a high iron content of more than 20% W / V, which can be produced as disclosed in US4599405A. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to therapeutically useful parenteral preparations of iron comprising readily absorbed complexes of trivalent iron with a mixture of sorbitol, gluconic acid and certain oligosaccharides as the complex forming agents and which complexes of trivalent iron are nonionic, have a uniform composition and a low toxicity while at the same time the rate of absorption and effectiveness of the iron administered to the human of animal body is improved. The disclosure thereof may be found in WO2023285979. The complex forming agent consist of sorbitol, gluconic acid and, as third component, a dextrin of dextran having an average intrinsic viscosity of about 0.01 to about 0.025 at 25° C. and an average molecular weight of from about 500 to about 1,200; or a hydrogenated dextrin or dextran having said average intrinsic viscosity and said average molecular weight and being substantially nonreducing to the Somogyi reagent; or mixtures thereof, in a molar ratio of about 0.4 mol of sorbitol : about 0.3 mol of gluconic acid : 0.3 mol of the above polyglucose calculated as anhydroglucose CeH Og. About 1 mol of said complex forming agent is present in the iron preparation per each mol of trivalent iron or ferric hydroxide. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to ferric saccharide complexes having an absolute weight average molecular weight of about 25,000 or more and especially 100,000 Daltons or more, and preferably exclude polysaccharides. The highest useful molecular weight of an iron-saccharidic complex is limited by that which is no longer dispersed in colloidal form in a carrier liquid such as water. Furthermore, the high molecular weight products can be produced without the need to include sucrose or another sugar if, for example, the iron-composition is based on a sugar acid derivative such as sodium gluconate. Consequently, the product produced under such circumstances may be preferred for treating patients with a sensitivity to the presence of additional sugar in the parenteral composition, e.g., diabetic patients. Such ferric saccharide complexes may be used to prepare parenteral iron pharmaceutical compositions useful for treating human subjects. Such iron-saccharidic complex is, or contains, an active hematinic species (AHS). These complexes also contain iron in the form of Fe(III) and saccharide, usually in the form of anions. Such iron-saccharidiccomplexes exclude the iron-dextrans of the art. Examples of iron-saccharidic complexes include suchspecies as sodium ferric gluconate complex in sucrose (SFGCS) and ferric hydroxidesucrose complex (FHSC), but are not limited to these. Fe(III) and (OH)- as "ions" includes these entities individually as well as their presence in larger ionic species, e.g., Fe(OH)2+or FeOH2+or Fe(OH)4- etc. The iron present in the iron-saccharidic complexes is in the form of Fe(III) or ferric, and not ferrous (Fe(II)). The “saccharide” includes a sugar or sugar derivative. Typical monosaccharides include dihydroxyacetone, glyceraldehyde, erythrose, ribose, ribulose, sorbose, xylose, and arabinose, as well as the more common sugars such as fructose (also known as levulose) and glucose (also known as dextrose), and also galactose, and mannose. Typical disaccharides include sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose, isomaltose, melibiose, primeverose, rutinose, trehalose and lactose. Sugar derivatives are saccharides including acids such as gluconic acid; glucaric acid; the hydroxy acid of fructose; alpha- methylcaproic acid; aldonic acids; aldaric acids; mannaric acid; uronic acids; galacturonic acid; glucuronic acids; mannuronic acids; xylaric acid; tartaric acid; mucic acid; glyceric acid; lactic acid; tartaric acid; dicarboxylic acids of arabinose, glucose and mannose; maltobionic acid; and lactobionic acid. Further sugar derivatives are saccharides including the alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals of sugar acids, including metals selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium. A particularly useful salt is sodium gluconate. Further sugar derivatives are saccharides including fucosamine (also known as 2-amino-2,6-dideoxygalactose), galactosamine (or 2-amino-2-deoxyglactose), acosamine (or 3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-L-xylo-hexose), bacillosamine (or 2,4-diamino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose), glucosamine (or CH2OH(CH2O)3CHNH2CHO), etc. Specific compounds according to the present invention useful as sources of Fe(III) include ferric chloride, ferric nitrate, ferric hydroxide, ferric sulfate, ferric acetate, ferric carbonate, and ferric citrate; ferric hydroxide is especially useful. The formula of ferric hydroxide can be represented as Fe(OH)3or Fe2O3x3H2O. Ferric salts, such as those just named as well as any others that can be useful in this process, are typically used as a means of generating ferric hydroxide in situ. Preferably, the ferric salt is at least partially soluble in water and capable of being converted to the hydroxide under the conditions of the process. Especially useful is ferric hydroxide in a colloidally dispersed form. The compounds mentioned above and their synthesis is disclosed in WO2005000210. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to a process for the production of organic ferric compounds, characterized in that reactants comprising an iron (III) compound, glycerin and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, are mixed in an aqueous medium, and the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to a value of at least 5. Optionally, inulin may be added to delay resorption. Specifically, an iron (III) compound is dissolved or suspended in water at a temperature between 20° and 100° C., preferably at room temperature (20-30° C), and amounts of glycerin and a hydroxycarboxylic acid are added to the resulting solution or suspension so that the mol ratio of the components, i.e. the iron (III) compound to glycerin and to hydroxycarboxylic acid amounts to 1:1 / 2- 10:1 / 3-3, preferably, 1:1 / 2-3:1 / 3-2. The mixture is subsequently heated to a temperature of 20-100°C, preferably 50-80° C, and is brought to a pH value of at least 5, preferably, 5-8, by the addition of a base. Isolation and purification of the resulting organic iron (III) -complexes may be effected by precipitation with a partially or wholly water-miscible precipitant, decantation of the supernatant liquid, solution of the syrupy or amorphous precipitate in water and repetition of this operation until the desired degree of purity is obtained. It is also possible to use other methods of purification. All inorganic iron (III) compounds which are soluble or suspendible in water, e.g. ferric chloride, nitrate or sulphate, as well as freshly precipitated ferric hydroxide are suitable. Aside from these inorganic salts it is also possible to use organic iron (III) compounds which are soluble or suspendible in water, e.g. salts of organic hydroxycarboxylic acids; the addition of the latter has the advantage that the iron (III) component and the hydroxycarboxylic acid component are added simultaneously. A further addition of the hydroxycarboxylic acid component may be effected up to the ratio indicated above. Examples of hydroxycarboxylic acids, which may be used either in their free form or in the form of their iron (III) compounds, are; tartaric acid, citric acid, malic acid and gluconic acid. In cases where a too rapid resorption is not desired, the organic complex ferric compounds may be modified with inulin in order to delay resorption. Reactants comprising an iron (III) compound, glycerin and a hydroxycarboxylic acid, are mixed in an aqueous medium, the pH of the reaction mixture is adjusted to a value of about 5 to 6, natural or depolymerized inulin is added to the reaction mixture, and the pH of the reaction mixture is then adjusted to a value of about 7 to 8. Apart from the adjustment of the pH values as indicated, the process is identical to that already described. The natural or depolymerized inulin which is added may be in the form of an aqueous solution, at a temperature of 70 to 100°C. The depolymerized inulin may be obtained by acid depolymerization of natural inulin, e.g. using the process described by Holzer et al. in Monatshefte für Chemie 88, 11-24 (1957). Further details thereof are disclosed in US3591616A. The iron supplementation according to the present invention relates to iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles, which are surface-modified nanoparticles coated with organic molecules such as biocompatible organic molecules, surfactants, and biomacromolecules. The biocompatible coating surrounding the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle plays crucial roles in stabilizing the iron core, slowing down the release of iron, protecting the particles from further aggregation, as well as sustaining the particles in a colloidal suspension that can be intravenously injected. The coating may partially or completely cover the surface of the iron oxyhydroxide core to which it is bound. When the coating completely covers the iron oxyhydroxide core, a homogeneous monolayer of the biocompatible molecule is surrounding the spherical or quasi-spherical iron oxide core. Alternatively, more than one layer can cover the iron oxyhydroxide particle core by hydrophobic and / or hydrophilic interactions between the organic molecules of the coating. The term "iron oxyhydroxide" is used to denote a chemical compound composed of iron, oxygen and hydrogen having general formula FeO(OH). The iron oxyhydroxide is either antiferromagnetic when the saturation magnetisation (Ms) is below 10 A m2 / kg at room temperature or weakly ferromagnetic and the iron may be as one or both of ferric iron (Fe3+) and ferrous iron (Fe2+). Non-limiting examples of iron oxyhydroxides include ferric minerals like Fe3+OOH (goethite or a-polymorph), hydrated forms of iron oxyhydroxide with different degree of hydratation, such as ferrihydrite or (Fe3+)2O3 x 0.5H2O, Fe5O7.5 x 4H2O or FeO(OH) x 1.8H2O, sulphate-containing iron oxyhydroxide, such as schwertmannite or Fe8O8(OH)5.5(SO4)1.25 or Fe8O8(OH)6(SO4) x nH2O or (Fe3+)16O16(OH)9.6(SO4)3.2 x 10H2O, anhydrous iron oxyhydroxyde, chloride-containing iron oxyhydroxyde, such as akagaenite or Fe6O5(OH)7CI or FeO0.833(OH)1.167 Cl0.167 , and mixtures thereof. A preferred iron oxyhydroxide is goethite, ferrihydrite or akagaenite. In particular embodiments, the size of the coated iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is comprised between 1 and 50 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the size of the coated iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is comprised between 2 and 20 nm. Preferably, the size of the coated iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is about 3 nm. The particle size can be determined by different techniques that are known in the art such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) or, if a crystalline phase is present, X-ray diffraction (XRD). The values of particle size obtained by the techniques known in the art are in agreement within the experimental error. In another particular embodiments, the hydrodynamic size of the coated iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is comprised between 25 and 100 nm, preferably between 35 and 55 nm. More preferably, the size of the coated iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is about 45 nm. In this context, hydrodynamic size and hydrodynamic diameter will be used interchangeably. In contrast to the particle size, the hydrodynamic size or diameter relates to the behaviour of the nanoparticle in a fluid and it represents the diameter of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same speed as the nanoparticle being measured. In particular embodiments, the coating of the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is a neutrally charged organic molecule selected from the group consisting of biocompatible organic molecules, surfactants and biomacromolecules. A "biocompatible organic molecule" is defined as an organic compound with low molecular weight, usually up to 1000 Dalton and size on the order of 1 nm that can display a biological function by binding to a biological macromolecule to alter its native activity or function. Biocompatible organic molecules may include without being limited thereto, amino acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides, citric acids, succinic acids, carboxylic acids, amines, silanes, vitamins, and cyclodextrins. A "surfactant" is defined as an organic compound that is amphiphilic, namely it contains both hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups. Example of surfactants include long fatty carbon chains with a hydrophilic head such as fatty acids, polyols, petroleum sulphonate, alkylbenzenesulphonates, naphthalene sulphonates, olefin sulphonates, alkyl sulphates, carboxylates, sulphonates, sulphated natural oils, sulphated esters, sulphated alkanolamides, ethoxylated and sulphated alkylphenols (linear or branched), ethoxylated aliphatic alcohols, polyoxyethylene surfactants, carboxylic esters, polyethylene glycol esters, anhydrosorbitol ester, glycol esters of fatty acids (oleic acid and lauric acid), carboxylic amides, monoalkanolamine condensates, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, quaternary ammonium salts, alkyl phosphonates such as dodecyl phosphonate, hexadecyl phosphonate, dihexadecyl phosphonate. A "biomacromolecule" is defined as an organic compound with high molecular weight (>1000 Dalton) and a diameter ranging from about 100 to 10,000 angstroms that plays a functional role (structural, metabolic, signalling, etc.) within living cells and organisms. Examples of biomacromolecules may include natural polymers such as dextran, starch, PEGylated starch, gelatin, chitosan, proteins, polypeptides, sugars and antibodies. In other embodiments, the above referred neutrally charged organic molecule coating the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle contains hydroxyl groups (-OH) that can bind to the surface of the particle core. Examples include carboxylic acids such as citric acids, cyclodextrins, monosaccharides, di- saccharides, oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoconjugates, glycopeptides, polyethyleneglycol, dextran, carboxydextran, alginate (e g. sodium alginate, calcium alginate, alginate sulfate). The presence of hydroxyl groups, particularly those in sugars, has a beneficial effect to the stability of iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles additionally allowing for a narrow size distribution or polydispersity as the hydroxyl- containing ligands strongly bind to the nanoparticle surface avoiding aggregation of small particles and selectively blocking metal sites that might otherwise engage in side reactions. In one embodiment, the neutrally charged organic molecule used for coating the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle has a molecular weight between 100 and 300000 Dalton, preferably between 150 and 275000 Dalton. In a preferred embodiment, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle is coated with a sugar that has a molecular weight between 180 and 300000 Dalton. In preferred embodiments, the sugar is sorbitol, sucrose or dextran. In some embodiments, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle comprises a particle core covered with sorbitol molecules, the coated nanoparticle having a size between 1-5 nm, preferably about 3 nm. In other preferred embodiments, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles coated with sorbitol are commercially available under the brand Yectofer®. In further embodiments, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle comprises a particle core covered with sucrose molecules, the coated nanoparticle having a size between 1-5 nm and a hydrodynamic size between 40 and 50 nm. In preferred embodiments, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles coated with sucrose are commercially available under the trademark Venofer®. Venofer® consists of an iron sucrose colloidal solution. The nanoparticles in the colloidal solution comprise a core of iron oxyhydroxide, more particularly a ferrihydrite, coated with sucrose. In other embodiments, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticle comprises a particle core covered with dextran, the coated nanoparticle having a size between 1 and 30 nm, preferably between 4 and 20 nm. In a preferred embodiment, the iron oxyhydroxide nanoparticles coated with dextran are commercially available under the brands Imferon® and Dexferrum®. Further details thereof are disclosed in EP4173627A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to ferric carboxymaltose (FCM), of which Ferinject® is a commercially available example. Ferric carboxymaltose has been designed to provide high iron utilisation and to have a better benefit to risk profile than iron dextran and iron sucrose therapy. In the case of iron dextran, a key risk is the reaction with anti-dextran antibodies leading to the well known dextran induced anaphylactic reactions. In the case of iron sucrose, the negative characteristics include high pH, high osmolarity, low dosage limits and the long duration of administration. Ferric carboxymaltose allows for controlled delivery of iron within the cells of the reticuloendothelial system and subsequent delivery to the iron-binding proteins ferritin and transferrin, with minimal risk of release of large amounts of ionic iron in the serum. Further details thereof of this embodiment, in particular regarding the synthesis of (FMC), are disclosed in WO2016181195. Further processes for the preparation of Iron (III) carboxymaltose complexes are described in WO2011055374. The iron supplementation according to the present invention relates to an iron hydroxypyrone compound, more specifically to iron (III) maltol (i.e. ferric trimaltol, ferric maltol, ST10, CAS Registry- No. 33725-54-1, sold e.g. under the name AccruferTM(US)), which is a chemically stable complex formed between ferric iron (Fe3+) and maltol (3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4-pyrone). Formulations and preparations of iron (III) maltol are well known in the art (e.g. WO2015101971). Moreover, ferric trimaltol may be formulated as amorphous solid dispersion, which is also known in the art. Processes to prepare ferric maltol and polymorphs thereof are known in the art. Ferric trimaltol may be administered orally. Iron (III) maltol may be applied in amorphous form, for instance in an amorphous solid dispersion as wee as in crystalline forms. The term “amorphous solid dispersion” is a physically uniform mixture of two or more ingredients containing at least one ingredient in amorphous form and at least one further polymer; in particular, the ingredient in amorphous form is kinetically trapped (otherwise called “dispersed”) in the polymer in a non-crystalline high-energy state (Chavan R. B. et al., Asian J. Pharm, Sei. 2019, 14, 248-264). Such amorphous solid dispersions are described in WO2023285979. Polymorphs, i.e. crystalline forms of iron (III) maltol are described in WO2023047195. Iron (III) maltol is an iron hydroxypyrone compound. Processes to produce iron hydroxypyrones, in particular iron trihydroxypyrones such as ferric trimaltol or ferric triethylmaltol as well as compositions thereof are disclosed in WO2012101442. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to ferric citrate with a molar ratio of ferric ion and citric acid of 1:0.80 to 1:0.92, having a specific surface area of 20 to 45 m2 / g, which can be measured, for example, by a measurement method of BET surface area by a nitrogen gas adsorption method (relative pressure: 0.05 to 0.3). The ferric citrate is used in embodiments in an amount of 500 mg / to 1000 mg / day, and can be in the form of a tablet. Ferric citrate can be produced by a method known per se, for example, the method described in Examples of WO 2012 / 091139, or a method analogous thereto. Highly pure ferric citrate is described for instance in EP3685831. In this embodiment, the ferric citrate is substantially free of beta-iron hydroxide oxide, the content of beta-iron hydroxide oxide is in the range of preferably less than 6% by weight, especially preferably 0 to 1% by weight. In embodiments of the present invention, the ferric citrate is ferric citrate hydrate represented by a complex represented by the molecular formula Fe*x(C6H8O7)*y(H2O). In the above-mentioned molecular formula, x is preferably 0.75 to 1.10, more preferably 0.78 to 0.95, particularly preferably 0.80 to 0.92, especially preferably 0.81 to 0.91. Further details thereof are disclosed in EP3685831A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relates to an iron preparation of iron(III) citrate comprising an iron complex that is prepared by oxidation of iron(II) citrate dibasic in the presence of dihydrogen pyrophosphate in water. The complex comprises ferric iron cations surrounded by and joined by electrostatic bonds to both citrate and pyrophosphate in a manner that prevents polymerization. The complex comprises stable, unpolymerized iron(III) citrate comprises, by weight, about 9% to about 14% iron, from about 30% to about 60% citrate, from about 5% to about 20% pyrophosphate, and from about 1% to about 15% sodium. The method for the preparation of said iron preparation comprises combining ferrous citrate dibasic and disodium dihydrogen pyrophosphate in water, exposing the resulting mixture to oxygen in a volume sufficient to oxidize the ferrous iron to ferric iron and at a rate sufficiently slow to allow complex formation between iron(III), citrate, and pyrophosphate as oxidation occurs, thus preventing polymerization of ferric citrate, and isolating a stable, unpolymerized iron(III) citrate complex therefrom by removing water. The reaction mixture may be exposed to oxygen by known means including, by way of example, bubbling, aerating, or sparging. Further details thereof are disclosed in US2011021629. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to ferric citrate-containing pharmaceutical compositions (e.g., solid oral dosage forms) comprising intragranular components (e.g., ferric citrate, binders, disintegrants, fillers or lubricants) and extragranular components (e.g., glidants or lubricants). Some embodiments relate to a pharmaceutical composition formulated as a solid oral dosage form, comprising: an intragranular component comprising ferric citrate present in an amount that is about 60-80 weight%; one or more binders present in a total amount that is about 1-10 weight%; one or more disintegrants present in a total amount that is about 1-5 weight%; one or more fillers present in a total amount that is about 10-30 weight%; and one or more lubricants present in a total amount that is about 0.1-2 weight%; andan extragranular component comprising one or more glidants present in a total amount that is about 0.1-2 weight%; and one or more lubricants present in a total amount that is about.0.1-2 weight%; wherein the weight% is determined based on the total weight of the tablet. In some embodiments, one or more binders of the intragranular component are selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxypropyimethyl cellulose (HPMC), sodium alginate, alginic acid, guar gum, acacia gum, xanthan gum, carbolpol, cellulose gum (carboxy methyl cellulose), ethyl cellulose, maltodextrin, PVP / VA, povidone, microcrystalline cellulose, starch (partially or fully pregelatinized starch), methyl cellulose, and copovidone. Preferable binders are copovidone and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC). In some embodiments, one or more disintegrants of the intragranular component are selected from the group consisting of croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, starch, and microcrystalline cellulose. In some embodiments, one or more fillers of the intragranular component are selected from microcrystalline cellulose, starches, partially pregelatinized starches, sorbitol powder, mannitol powder, lactose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, maltodextrins, dried glucose syrup, and dextrose mono & anhydrous. In embodiments, one or more lubricants of the intragranular and / or extragranular components are selected from the group consisting of magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, polyethylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, talc, mineral oil, leucine, and poloxamer. Preferred is magnesium stearate and calcium stearate. In some embodiments, one or more glidants of the extragranular component are selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic fumed silica, colloidal silicon dioxide, starch, talc, and magnesium stearate. A preferred glidant is hydrophilic fumed silica and colloidal silicon dioxide. Ferric citrate is commercially available or may be prepared according to WO2004 / 074444; WO2007 / 022435; WO2011 / 011541; and / or US20120121703, each of which is incorporated in its entirety. In particular, the ferric citrate is known chemically as iron (+3),x(1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid, 2-hydroxy-),y(H2O) with x=0.70 - 0.87, and y = 1.9 - 3.3. Further details on the iron supplementation are disclosed in WO2022251563. Moreover, formulations of ferric citrated are disclosed in WO2019135155. In certain embodiments, the commercially available ferric citrate is AuryxiaTM(Keryx Biopharmaceuticals), a tablet comprising 210 mg ferric iron tablets for oral administration, equivalent to 1g ferric citrate, are film-coated, peach-colored, and oval-shaped tablets debossed with “KX52.” The inactive ingredients are pregelatinized starch and calcium stearate. In addition, the film-coating contains the following inactive ingredients: hypromellose, titanium dioxide, triacetin, and FD&C Yellow #6 / Sunset Yellow FCF Aluminum Lake, FD&C Red #40 / Allura Red AC Aluminum Lake, and FD&C Blue #2 / Indigo Carmine Aluminum Lak. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to a combination therapy comprising an iron compound and a citrate compound, i.e. for co-administration. The terms “co-administering” and “combination therapy” mean that an iron compound and a citrate compound are administered in a manner that permits both to exert physiological effects during an overlapping period of time. In combination therapy comprising an iron compound and a citrate compound, the compounds may be administered in the same pharmaceutical composition (e.g., an admixture) or in separate compositions, via the same or different routes of administration. An iron compound and a citrate compound may be co-administered concurrently, i.e., simultaneously, or at different times, as long as both exert physiological effects during an overlapping period of time. The term “iron compound” refers to a compound containing iron (e.g., ferric or ferrous) that is suitable for administration to a subject, e.g., an orally active therapeutic compound. Examples of iron compounds according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate, ferrous succinate, ferric citrate, ferric pyrophosphate, soluble ferric pyrophosphate (SFP), ferric hydroxide, ferric pyrophosphate citrate, iron polymaltose, iron ascorbate, ferric (tri)maltol, heme iron polypeptide, iron EDTA, iron polysaccharide complex, and combinations thereof. The term “soluble ferric pyrophosphate” or “SFP” refers to a soluble composition comprising a mixture of iron complexed to pyrophosphate and citrate with other excipients. For example, SFP can be a mixture of iron pyrophosphate citrate and sodium sulfate. In certain embodiments, SFP refers to FPC and comprises a mixed-ligand iron compound comprising iron chelated with citrate and pyrophosphate, optionally having the following formula Fe4(C6H4O7)3(H2P2O7)2(P2O7) (relative MW 1313 daltons) Examples of SFP are described in U.S. Patent Nos.7,816,404 and 8,178,709. The term “citrate compound” refers to a compound suitable for administering to a subject, e.g., a mammal such as a human, that yields a citrate anion (C6H5O73-) at physiological pH. Examples of citrate compounds include, but are not limited to, citric acid and salts of citrate such as sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium citrate, magnesium citrate, ammonium citrate, ferric citrate, and combinations of any of the foregoing. A citrate compound may solid, semi-solid, or a liquid (e.g., an aqueous solution such as Shohl’s solution). Further details thereof are disclosed in WO2017120311. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments relate to an iron(III)dextrin compound. The dextrin compound is prepared by hydrolysis of starch. Dextrins are saccharides composed of glucose units linked together predominantly by alphy-1,4-glucosidic bonds. It is preferred that the starch is hydrolysed until it does not form strong coloured complexes with iodine. Solutions of starch hydrolysed to that extend comprise high amounts of dextrins in the desired molecular size range, and has a viscosity that is sufficient low to allow the handling of the solutions to be easy and accurate. The dextrin is hydrolysed to a suitable low molecular weight, and is fractioned to a narrow range of molecular weights avoiding high molecular weight dextrins and low molecular saccharides. The 10% fraction of the dextrins having the highest molecular weight has an average molecular weight of less than 4500 Daltons, and that 90% of the dextrins are having molecular weights of less than 3000 Daltons. It is further important that the 10% fraction having the lowest molecular weight has a weight average molecular weight of 340 Daltons or more. Before being combined with iron the reducing capability of the dextrins is removed. This may be done by hydrogenation of the terminal aldehyde groups of the dextrins to alcohols. This reduction may be performed using well known procedures, the reducing capability of the dextrins should be less than 3.0% determined by cupric oxidation method. Hydrogenation using sodium borohydride is preferred. In preferred embodiments, the process comprises the following: (i) preparing an aqueous solution comprising the purified hydrogenated dextrin and at least one water- soluble ferric salt; (ii) adjusting the pH of said aqueous solution to a value above 7 by addition of a base, preferably to a value above 8.5; (iii) heating the mixture to a temperature above 85°C until it turns to a black or dark brown coloidal solution which can be filtered through a 0.45 µm filter; and (iv) further purification and stabilization using filtration, heating and membrane processes and addition of one or more stabilizers, and optionally drying the solution to obtain the desired iron-dextrin compound as a stable powder. The stabilization suitably takes place by addition of a salt of an organic hydroxy acid, preferably a citrate. Preferred embodiments relate to an iron dextrin compound being a water soluble powder comprising up to 50% (w / w) iron. Preferably the iron content of the powder is in the range of 10-50% (w / w), more preferred in the range of 20-45% (w / w), and even more preferred in the range of 30-42% (w / w). Further details thereof are disclosed in US2003191090A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of complexes of iron (III) hydroxide and activated glucose syrup comprising, preferably consisting of, the steps: (i) providing an aqueous solution of glucose syrup, having a dextrose equivalent (DE) of at least 21, as determined by gravimetrical analysis at a temperature in the range of from 25°C to 80°C and at a pH in the range of from 6 to 13; (ii) adding one or more oxidizing bleaching agents, and optionally a catalytic amount of an oxidation catalyst, to the solution of (i), while maintaining the pH and temperature within the range as defined in step (i), allowing the solution to cool down to a temperature in the range of from 10°C to 45°C, keeping the solution at this temperature for 5 min to 24 hours, thereby obtaining the activated glucose syrup; (iii) converting said activated glucose syrup into a complex with iron (III) hydroxide; and (iv) obtaining a complex of iron (III) hydroxide and activated glucose syrup, wherein the oxidizing bleaching agent(s) is / are used in an total amount of 0.0005-0.01 mol / g (glucose syrup) multiplied with the correction factor: (dextrose equivalent of the glucose syrup) / 21, wherein the complex has an iron content in the range of from 27 to 35 wt.%, based on the weight of the complex; and wherein the obtained complex of iron (III) hydroxide and activated glucose syrup has more than two -COOH groups per glucose molecule which indicates that the glucose syrup is activated and wherein the glucose syrup of step (i) does not have any -COOH group per / at the glucose molecule. Further details thereof are disclosed in EP2997968A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to iron(III) complex compounds with carbohydrates including those wherein carbohydrates are selected from the group consisting of dextrans and derivatives thereof, dextrins and derivatives thereof and also pullulan, oligomers and / or derivatives thereof. Particular preference is given to iron(III) complex compounds with dextrins or oxidation products thereof. Examples of the preparation of the iron(III) complex compounds are found, for example, in patent specifications DE 14679800, WO04037865 A1, U.S. Pat. No. 3,076,798, WO03 / 087164 and WO02 / 46241, the totality of the disclosures of which, in particular in respect of the preparation processes, is to be incorporated herein. The term “dextrins” is a collective term for various lower and higher polymers of D-glucose units, which form during the incomplete hydrolysis of starch. They can also be prepared by polymerisation of sugars (e.g. WO02083739A2, US20030044513Al, U.S. Pat. No.3,766,165). The dextrins include the maltodextrins, or polymaltoses, which are prepared by enzymatic cleavage of maize or potato starch with alpha-amylase and which are characterised by the degree of hydrolysis, expressed by the DE value (dextrose equivalent). Polymaltose can also be obtained by acid hydrolysis of dextrins. The resulting iron(III) complexes have, for example, an iron content of from 10 to 40% wt. / wt., in particular from 20 to 35% wt. / wt. They are generally readily soluble in water. It is possible to prepare therefrom neutral aqueous solutions having an iron content of, for example, from 1% wt. / vol. to 10% wt. / vol. Such solutions can be thermally sterilised. Regarding the preparation of iron(III)-polymaltose complex compounds, reference may be made to U.S. Pat. No.3,076,798. In preferred embodiments, an iron(III) hydroxide-polymaltose complex compound is used. The iron (Ill)-polymaltose complex compound preferably has a molecular weight in the range from 20,000 to 500,000 daltons, in a preferred embodiment from 30,000 to 80,000 daltons (determined by means of gel permeation chromatography, for example as described by Geisser et al. in Arzneim. Forsch / Drug Res. 42(11), 12, 1439-1452 (1992), paragraph 2.2.5).A particularly preferred iron(III) hydroxide-polymaltose complex compound according tot he present invention is Maltofer® from Vifor AG, Switzerland, which is available commercially. In a further preferred embodiment, an iron(III) complex compound with an oxidation product of one or more maltodextrins is used. This is obtainable, for example, from an aqueous iron(III) salt solution and an aqueous solution of the product of the oxidation of one or more maltodextrins with an aqueous hypochlorite solution at a pH value in the alkaline range, wherein when a maltodextrin whose dextrose equivalent is from 5 to 37 is used and when a mixture of a plurality of maltodextrins is used, the dextrose equivalent of the mixture is from 5 to 37 and the dextrose equivalent of the individual maltodextrins contained in the mixture is from 2 to 40. The weight-average molecular weight Mw of the complexes so obtained is, for example, from 30 kDa to 500 kDa, preferably from 80 to 350 kDa, particularly preferably up to 300 kDa (determined by means of gel permeation chromatography, for example as described by Geisser et al. in Arzneim. Forsch / Drug Res. 42(11), 12, 1439-1452 (1992), paragraph 2.2.5). Reference may be made in this connection to WO 2004037865 A1, for example, the totality of the disclosure of which is to be incorporated in the present application. Regarding the preparation of iron complex compounds with hydrogenated dextrins, reference may be made to WO03 / 087164. Regarding the preparation of iron(III)-pullulan complex compounds, reference may be made to WO 02 / 46241. Further details thereof are disclosed in US8722101B2. Further water-soluble iron carbohydrate derivative complexes, the preparation thereof and medicaments comprising them are disclosed in US8263577B2. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to so-called “mixed-valence” iron carbohydrate complex compounds, in which the iron is present in the oxidation levels 2+ and 3+ side by side. The iron-carbohydrate complex compounds are characterize by their content of iron (II), the remaining iron is present practically exclusively as iron (III). The content of iron (II) in the total iron content is at least 2 wt. %, preferably more than 3 wt. %, based on the total amount of iron in the iron-carbohydrate complex compound. Preferably, the content of iron(II) in the total iron content is 3 to 50 wt. %, more preferably 5 to 40 wt. %, particularly preferably 7 to 35 wt. %, in each case based on the total amount of iron in the iron-carbohydrate complex compound. The iron(II) content can be determined, in particular, by a titrimetric determination (see, for example: Jander Jahr, Maßanalyse [Volumetric Analysis] 15th edition, Verlag Walter de Gruyter, 1989). The content of total iron in the weight of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound is preferably 5 to 40 wt. %, preferably 10 to 30 wt. %. In a preferred embodiment, the content of carbohydrate (or carbohydrates) in the weight of the complex compound is 10 to 80 wt. %, preferably 20 to 70 wt. %, particularly preferably 35 to 65 wt. %. The amounts data based, on the weight of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound always relate to the total weight of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound, including, for example, the water content which may result from the preparation process. In addition to iron(III), iron(II) and one or more carbohydrates, the iron-carbohydrate complex compound contains hydroxyl groups (in general designated OH-), oxo groups (in general designated O2-), optionally further anions and water. In addition to the carbohydrates, the iron-carbohydrate complex compounds can also contain other ligands, for example carboxylic acids, such as gluconic acid, lactic acid etc.. The content of water in the iron-carbohydrate complex compound in this context can expediently be up to 10 wt. %, depending on the drying conditions. Preferably, the water content is 2 to 8 wt. %. An iron-carbohydrate complex compound has, for example, the following composition: 5 to 40 wt. % of iron (preferably 10 to 30 wt. %), of which preferably 3 to 50 wt. %, more preferably 5 to 40 wt. % (preferably , based on the total amount of iron, is present in the form of iron(II), 10 to 80 wt. %, preferably 20 to 70 wt. %, particularly preferably 35 to 65 wt.% of one or more carbohydrates, remainder: oxygen and hydrogen in bonded form (apart from in the carbohydrate) and optionally further elements. Further elements, in addition to iron, carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen, can result, for example, from introduction from the iron(III) salt used during the preparation and, where appropriate, acids and / or bases used during the preparation. They are thus, for example, chlorine (for example from Cl-), sulfur, for example from sulfate (SO42-), nitrogen, for example from nitrate (NO3-) and alkali metals and alkaline earth metals from the bases used, such as alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates or bicarbonates etc. The content of further elements is in general less than 15, more preferably less than 10 wt. %, based on the weight of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound. In particular embodiments, the weight average molecular weight of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound is 10 to 80 kDa, preferably 12 to 65 kDa, particularly preferably 15 to 60 kDa. The weight- average molecular weight is determined in this context by gel permeation chromatography against pullulan as the standard (for example as described by Geisser et al. in Arzneim. Forsch. / Drug Res. 42 (II), 12, 1439-1452 (1992), paragraph 2.2.5). The iron-carbohydrate complex compound contains one or more carbohydrates which are present, for example, in the compounds bonded as a complex and / or via hydrogen bridge bonds to iron or iron- containing partial structures. The iron-carbohydrate complex compound contains at least one carbohydrate, for example chosen from natural carbohydrates or synthetic carbohydrate derivatives, such as starch, hydrolyzed starches, such as dextrins (in particular maltodextrin, maltose syrup, glucose syrup), cyclodextrins, dextrans, saccharides. Preferred are dextrins, such as maltodextrin and maltose syrup as well as glucose syrup, and incompletely hydrolyzed starch which has a DE value of between 0 and 100. the carbohydrates employed during the preparation of the iron-carbohydrate complex compound are preferably those which have the ability to reduce iron(III) to iron(II). Further details thereof are disclosed in US8263564B2. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention comprises a process to obtain the iron(III) carbohydrate complex compounds. Such iron the iron(III) carbohydrate complexes are obtainable from an aqueous solution of an iron (III) salt and an aqueous solution of the oxidation product of one or more maltodextrins, using an aqueous hypochlorite solution at an alkaline pH-value of e.g. 8 to 12 where, when one maltodextrin is applied, its dextrose equivalent lies between 5 and 20, and when a mixture of several maltodextrins is applied, the dextrose equivalent of the mixture lies between 5 and 20 and the dextrose equivalent of each individual maltodextrin contained in the mixture lies between 2 and 40. In order to prepare the ligands of the complexes, the maltodextrins are oxidized in an aqueous solution with a hypochlorite solution. Suitable examples are solutions of alkali hypochlorites such as a solution of sodium hypochlorite. Commercially available solutions can be used. The concentration of the hypochlorite solution is, e.g. at least 13% by weight, preferably in the order of 13 to 16% by weight, calculated as active chlorine. Preferably the solutions are used in such an amount that about 80 to 100%, preferably about 90% of one aldehyde group per molecule of maltodextrin is oxidized. In this manner, the reactivity caused by the glucose content of the maltodextrin molecules is lowered to 20% or less, preferably to 10% or less. The oxidation is carried out in an alkaline solution, e.g. at a pH of 8 to 12, for example 9 to 11. As an example, oxidation can be carried out at temperatures in the order of 15 to 40° C., preferably of 25 to 35° C. The reaction times are, e.g. in the order of 10 minutes to 4 hours, e.g.1 to 1.5 hours. By this procedure the degree of depolymerisation of the starting maltodextrins is kept at a minimum. Only theoretically it is assumed that the oxidation occurs mainly at the terminal aldehyde group (acetal or semi-acetal group respectively) of the maltodextrin molecules. It is also possible to catalyse the oxidation reaction of the maltodextrins for instance by addition of bromide ions, as well as other oxidation systems such as the known ternary oxidation system hypochlorite / alkali bromide / 2,2,6,6,-tetramethypiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) for the oxidation of the maltodextrins. The process to oxidize maltodextrins catalytically with alkali bromides or with the ternary TEMPO system is described e.g. by Thaburet et al in Carbohydrate Research 330 (2001), 21-29. In order to prepare the complexes the obtained oxidized maltodextrins are reacted with an iron (III) salt in an aqueous solution. Water soluble salts of inorganic or organic acids, or mixtures thereof, such as halides, e.g. chloride and bromide or sulfates can be used as iron (III) salts. It is preferred to use physiologically acceptable salts. It is especially preferred to use an aqueous solution of iron (III) chloride. It has been found that the presence of chloride ions favours the formation of the complexes. The chloride ions can be used in the form of water soluble chlorides such as alkali metal chlorides, e.g. sodium chloride, potassium chloride or ammonium chloride. As stated, the iron (III) is preferably used in the form of the chloride. Further details thereof are disclosed in US2021054105A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention comprises a process for the preparation of an iron(III) pullulan complex and the preparation obtained in such process. Such preparation comprise aqueous colloidal suspensions or complex iron(III)-hydroxide solutions with pullulan oligosaccharides with average molar mass in range of 2000-20000 g / mol primarily 7000-12000 g / mol. The pullulan complex with iron(III)-hydroxide is an aqueous dark red solution, stable at temperatures in range 4-50°C, during period of 5 years, stable concerning air oxygen and light, with time of complex hydrolytic decomposition in range 5 to 7 seconds. Some pullulan derivatives, such as hydrogenated oligomers and oxidized oligomers, can form stable colloidal complexes with iron(III)- hydroxide. It was found that stated ligands, with low intrinsic viscosity (mostly in range of 0,02-0,08 dl / g), produce important injection solutions. The resulting complex with iron content is in certain embodiments in a range of 50-75 mg Fe3+ / ml in the preparation, is not toxic, but it possesses high degree of iron resorption from the location of i.m. application (13,5 mg Fe3+ / 100ml of serum after 24 hours). The synthesis of the complex with pullulan oligomers requires the iron(III)hydroxide β2-polymorphous modification of iron(III)hydroxide. Further details thereof are disclosed in WO0246241. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments comprises a method for preparing an iron complex with hydroxyethyl starch (HES). A starch manufactured by this method is characterized in that it carries a heptonic acid residue on at least one of its termini. Thus, such starch may carry a number of heptonic acid residues per molecule, depending on the number of terminal glucosyl residues being present in the starch molecule. This heptonic acid residue increases the hydrophilicity of the hydroxyethyl starch and increases the stability of complexes formed by this hydroxyethyl starch with ligands, like for example metal ions such as iron ions. Hydroxyethyl starch (HES) is a starch in which some of the hydroxyl groups of the single glucosyl residues are substituted by a hydroxyethyl residue. Terminal glucosyl residues of the HES may be converted into heptonic acid residues via reaction with a cyanide group of a cyanide compound to form a novel C-C single bond. By reducing the pH value, a saponification of the nitrile group takes place. The result of this reaction is the introduction of a carboxyl group into the existing molecule, i.e. forming a heptonic acid. In further embodiments, the metal ions are present in the complex in an amount of 1 % (w / w) to 20% (w / w), in particular of 2% (w / w) to 15% (w / w), in particular of 3% (w / w) to 10% (w / w), in particular of 4 % (w / w) to 6 % (w / w), in particular around 5 % (w / w), in each case with respect to the total weight of the complex of hydroxyethyl starch and metal ions. In further preferred embodiments, the complex of hydroxyethyl starch and iron ions has a radius of gyration in the range of approximately 30 to 70 nm, in particular of approximately 40 to 60 nm, in particular of approximately 45 to 55 nm, and very particular of around 50 nm. Thus, the complex has a size which is comparable to that of viruses. The size (or radius of gyration) of the complex can for example be determined by the field-flow fractionation (FFF), in particular if carried out as asymmetric flow FFF. This method is per se known to a person skilled in the art and will not be described here in detail. A final solution of the complex of hydroxyethyl starch and iron ions has preferably a dark brown colour and exhibits a viscosity of less or equal 25 mm2 / s, a density of 1.050 to 1.150 g / ml, a pH value of 5.0 to 7.5, a cyanide content of less than 0.5 ppm, a free iron content of less than 0.1 g / 100 ml, a chloride content of less than 0.5 g / 100 ml, a total iron content of 4.750 to 5.250 g / 100 ml, an HES content of 5 to 15 g / 100 ml and / or a dry matter content of 10 to 25 g / 100 ml. Further details of the process to prepare the iron supplementation are disclosed in WO2021204705A1. The iron supplementation according to further embodiments of the present invention relates to carboxylate ligand modified ferric iron oxo-hydroxide having a three dimensional polymeric structure in which the carboxylate ligands are nonstoichiometrically substituted for the oxo or hydroxy groups of the ferric iron oxo-hydroxide so that some of the ligand integrates into the solid phase by formal metal- ligand bonding and / or wherein the three dimensional polymeric structure of the carboxylate ligand modified ferric iron oxo-hydroxide is such that the substitution of the oxo or hydroxy groups by the carboxylate ligands is substantially random. Such carboxylate ligand modified ferric iron oxo- hydroxides may be produced using the methods disclosed in W02008096130 or W02017060441. In such carboxylate-ligand-modified iron oxo-hydroxides, the presence of formal metal ion-ligand bonding is one feature that distinguishes the materials from other products such as "iron polymaltose" (Maltofer) in which particulate crystal line iron hydroxide is surrounded by a sugar shell formed from maltose and thus is simply a mixture of iron oxo-hydroxide and sugar at the nano-level (Heinrich (1975);Geisser and Muller (1987);Nielsen et al (1994; US Patent No: 3,076,798); US2006 / 0205691).In addition, the carboxylate-ligand modified ferric iron hydroxides are solid phase metal poly oxo- hydroxides modified by non-stoichiometric ligand incorporation. This distinguishes them from the numerous metal-ligand classical coordination complexes that are well reported in the art (W003 / 092674,W005 / 037449) which are stoichiometric. In the carboxylate ligand modified iron hydroxides of this embodiment, which are described and can be produced as disclosed in WO2021204705A1, the carboxylate ligands may be one, two, three or four or more carboxylate ligands in the form of the carboxylate ion or the corresponding carboxylic acid. Generally, the ligand is a dicarboxylic acid ligand, and may be represented by the formula HOOC-R1- COOH (or an ionised form thereof), where R1is an optionally substituted C1-10alkyl, C1-10alkenyl or C1-10alkynyl group. The use of ligands in which R1is a C1-10alkyl group, and more preferably is a C1-6alkyl group, is preferred. Preferred optional substituents of the R1group include one or more hydroxyl groups, for example as present in malic acid. These ligands include carboxylic acids such as adipate / adipic acid, tartrate / tartaric acid, glutarate / glutaric acid, malate / malic acid, succinate / succinic acid, aspartate / aspartic acid, pimelate / pimelic acid, citrate / citric acid, lactate / lactic acid or benzoate / benzoic acid. In the production of some preferred materials, such as IHAT, two different ligands are used, such as adipate / adipic acid and tartrate / tartaric acid. Other examples of preferred combinations of ligands include tartrate / tartaric acid and succinate / succinic acid. Particularly preferred materials are formed using the following molar ratios of ligands and Fe(lll), see table E: Table E: Materials are formed using the following molar ratios of ligands and Fe(lll). It is assumed that in the class of materials referred to herein as "IHAT", it is the tartrate / tartaric acid ligands that are mostly responsible for the disruption of the iron hydroxide structure of the primary particles (Nanomedicine,10(8):1877-1886, 2014). In view of this observation, in further embodiments, the carboxylate ligand modified iron hydroxides may be modified by tartrate / tartaric acid as the sole carboxylate ligand. The ratio of the ferric iron ion(s) to the carboxylate ligands can be varied according to the methods disclosed herein and may vary one or more properties of the materials. Generally, the useful ratios of M:L will be between 10:1, 5:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1 and 1:1 and 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 or 1:10, and preferably between 4:1 and 1:1. By way of example, in the preferred class of IHAT materials, the concentration of ferric iron ions may be between 20 mM and 80 mM, the concentration of adipate is between 10 mM and 40 mM and the concentration of tartrate is between 10 mM and 40 mM. In the synthesis of IHAT, a concentration of ferric iron of about 40 mM was used with 20 mM adipic acid and 20 mM tartaric acid. Alternatively, and in particular where different ratios of the components are used, the concentration of ferric iron may be between 20 mM and 500 or 1000 mM, the concentration of adipate may be between 10 mM and 150 mM and the concentration of tartrate may be between 10 mM and 250 mM or 500 mM. In some embodiments, the at least one carbohydrate is soluble and includes at least one mono-, di- or polysaccharide, such as agarose, dextran, dextrin, dextran derivatives, cellulose and cellulose derivatives, saccharose (sucrose), maltose or lactose preferably saccharose (sucrose),dextrin or starch. The term "starch" as used herein includes any conventionally used starch products (such as potato starch, corn starch, rice starch, tapioca starch) in native, pregelatinized, degraded, modified, and derivatized forms, preferably suitable for direct compression, and mixtures thereof. Preferred products include native and pregelatinized starch, such as in a mixture having a ratio (native: pregelatinized) in the range of 10:1 to 0.5:1, preferably in the range of 3:1 to 0.5:1 more preferably In the range of 2:1 to 1:1. The use of a mixture of native and pregelatinized starch has turned out be particularly advantageous in the manufacture of a tablet with high iron loading, since it allows the preparation of a stabilized pre-mixture which can be compressed to a suitable tablet either directly or with a very small amount of further excipients. In specific embodiments, the stabilization agent of choice may be present in an amount of 1.0 to 50% (w / w), preferably 5.0 to 30% (w / w). All % weights (w / w) throughout this description are expressed in relation to the total weight of the pharmaceutical composition, if not indicated otherwise. In one embodiment, the iron supplementation according to the present invention may be administered in an acute or chronic therapy. The term therapy further includes initial, short- and long-term therapy. Acute therapy includes iron supplementation according to the present invention in alternating doses and up to a duration of 12 months. In one embodiment, the alternating doses may be selected from the doses specified in the above embodiments. Chronic therapy also includes all forms of iron administration and doses of 1 to 2000 mg per application at different intervals - from daily administration (especially oral / enteral / intravenous administration) to (1-, or 2-, or 3-, or 4-, or 5-, or 6-, or 7-, or 8-, or 9-, or 10-, or 11- or 12-) weekly, quarterly, monthly or yearly administration. The dose and frequency of therapy can also be guided according to diagnosis, symptom severity and iron status (usually determined by quantitative and / or qualitative determination of ferritin, and / or iron, and / or transferrin, and / or transferrin saturation, and / or soluble transferrin receptor - in each case determined in serum and / or plasma, by immunoassay and / or clinical chemistry, and / or immunology, and / or photometry, and / or chromatographic and mass spectrometric methods). In one embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation is administered to patients with a Ferritin level in a range of 0 to14 µg / L. In a further embodiment of the present invention, the iron supplementation is administered to patients with a Ferritin level of > 15 µg / L. In one embodiment, the iron supplementation is administered to patients with a Ferritin level in a range of 15 µg / L to 500 µg / L, preferably in a range of 20 µg / L to 400 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 30 µg / L to 300 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 40 µg / L to 200 µg / L, more preferably in a range of 50 µg / L to 150 µg / L and most preferably in a range of 60 µg / L to 100 µg / L. In another embodiment, said patients do not suffer from inflammatory conditions or infections. Patients suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder typically do not suffer from internal diseases that may lead to (subclinical) inflammation. However, in patient groups with pre- existing internal diseases such as patients with heart failure, the serum ferritin may be well above 100 µg / L (false-positively), as well as for patients with inflammatory bowel disease or dialysis patients. In these conditions, ferritin is an acute-phase protein, which is elevated due to inflammation, not reflecting increased iron stores, but an (often chronical) subclinical low-grade inflammation (see in this regard e.g. vanDalen et al. Acute heart failure and iron deficiency: a prospective, multicentre, observational study. ESC Heart Fail.2022 Feb; 9(1): 398–407.The interpretation of indicators of iron status during an acute phase response. Christine A. Northrop-Clewes. and Wang et al. Serum Ferritin: Past, Present and Future. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2010 Aug; 1800(8): 760–769.) In the following items, specific embodiments of the invention are detailed:1. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation.2. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 1, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as ferritin levels of < 15 µg / L.3. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 or 2, wherein said patient is receiving therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof or is scheduled to receive therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder.4. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 3, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as adjunctive therapy to said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof.5. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 3, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as replacement of said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof.6. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 2, wherein said patient is not receiving treatment central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, preferably has never received treatment with central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder.7. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 7, wherein iron supplementation comprises the administration of an Iron(III) or Iron(II) compound, in particular selected from the group comprising ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Iron(II) glycine sulphate complex (Ferro sanol duodenal®), Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric), Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®), Iron(III) sodium D-gluconate complex (Ferlixit® ; Ferrlecit®), Iron-II-gluconate / iron(III)-sodium-gluconate complex (Ferrlecit®), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Venofer®, PA21, Velforo), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Fermed®), Iron carboxymaltose (Ferinject®), Ferric maltol (ST10; ST10-021) and / or ferric citrate (KRX-0502; auryxia), more particularly, said iron supplematation is Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric) and Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®).8. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 7, wherein said iron supplementation is administered in form of a pharmaceutical formulation.9. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 8, wherein said iron supplementation is in form of a solution, preferably a ready-to-use solution. 10. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 8, wherein said iron supplementation is in a freeze-dried state. 11. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L. 12. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight. 13. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a fixed dose of 400 to 450 mg, more particularly 423 mg. 14. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the iron supplementation is administered to said patient in repeated doses in a 12 week interval. 15. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the iron supplementation is an intravenous iron supplementation, preferably a ferric carboxymaltose solution, which is administered in a dose equivalent to 500 to 2000mg of iron, more preferably administered over at least 15 min. The following embodiments form also part of the present invention:1. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation.2. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 1, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient.3. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 1, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males.4. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 1, wherein said patient is a non- anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient.5. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL.6. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L.7. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4, wherein said patient is a non- anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L.8. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL.9. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL. 10. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 4 to 9, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient. 11. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to any of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L. 12. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 11, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female. 13. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 12, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years or above. 14. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 13, wherein said patient is receiving therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof or is scheduled to receive therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. 15. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 14, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as adjunctive therapy to said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof. 16. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiment 14, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as replacement of said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof. 17. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 13, wherein said patient is not receiving treatment central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, preferably has never received treatment with central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. 18. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 17, wherein iron supplementation comprises the administration of an Iron(III) or Iron(II) compound, in particular selected from the group comprising ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Iron(II) glycine sulphate complex (Ferro sanol duodenal®), Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric), Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®), Iron(III) sodium D-gluconate complex (Ferlixit® ; Ferrlecit®), Iron-II-gluconate / iron(III)-sodium-gluconate complex (Ferrlecit®), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Venofer®, PA21, Velforo), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Fermed®), Iron carboxymaltose (Ferinject®), Ferric maltol (ST10; ST10-021) and / or ferric citrate (KRX-0502; auryxia), more particularly, said iron supplematation is Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric) and Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®). 19. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 18, wherein said iron supplementation is administered in form of a pharmaceutical formulation. 20. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 19, wherein said iron supplementation is in form of a solution, preferably a ready-to-use solution. 21. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 18, wherein said iron supplementation is in a freeze-dried state. 22. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L. 23. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight. 24. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a fixed dose of 400 to 450 mg, more particularly 423 mg. 25. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 24, wherein the iron supplementation is administered to said patient in repeated doses in a 12 week interval. 26. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to embodiments 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is an intravenous iron supplementation, preferably a ferric carboxymaltose solution, which is administered in a dose equivalent to 500 to 2000mg of iron, more preferably administered over at least 15 min. Figure description Figure 1: ADHD-RS-IV Total Score Figure 2: ADHD-RS-IV Hyperactivity / Impulsivity Subscale Figure 3: ADHD-RS-IV Inattention Subscale Examples Example 1: Use of intraveneous iron in ADHD Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome characterized by developmentally inappropriate degrees of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. Various approved drugs, such as the psychostimulants amphetamine and methylphenidate, can alleviate ADHD. These drugs however, are associated with an unfavorable side effect profile. Subjects: 3 children with ADHD at the age of 10, 11 and 14 years Intervention: Intravenous administration of 150 mg intravenous ferric carboxymaltose at baseline and at day 60. Endpoint Assessment: ADHD rating scale IV (ADHD-RS-IV) The ADHD-RS-IV is a validated instrument for assessing the severity of ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents. The ADHD-RS-IV is an 18-item scale based on the ADHD symptoms described in the DSM-IV. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 (none) to 3 (severe). The primary read-out was defined as the ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline to day 60, while the secondary readout was defined as the ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline to day 120. Relevant clinical improvement was defined as a reduction in the ADHD-RS-IV total score of at least 30% at day 60.Results: The mean ADHD-RS-IV total score change from baseline to the first follow-up visit was -11.3.Beneficial effects of intravenous iron were observed on both ADHD-RS-IV subscales (‘hyperactivity / impulsivity’ and ‘inattention’) and in both children and adolescents. The respective results are depicted in Figures 1 to 3. Relevant clinical improvement were also observed in all 3 children. The patient characteristics are further depicted in Table 1. Conclusion: The improved ADHD-RS-IV scores and subscores in all 3 children shows significant therapeutic efficacy of intravenous iron administration in ADHD.

Claims

M75444WO BOEHMERT & BOEHMERTClaims1. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof, wherein said patient suffers from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder selected from the group comprising attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit disorder (ADD), impulse control disorder and learning disorder and wherein said iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, preferably an intravenous iron supplementation.

2. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 1, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as plasma and / or serum or whole blood ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient.

3. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 1, wherein said patient does not suffer from anemia and wherein anemia is defined as a whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males.

4. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 1, wherein saidpatient is a non-anemic patient, a mild anemic patient or a subclinical anemic patient.

5. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 12 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than or equal to 13 g / dL.

6. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobinlevel of greater than 11 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 12 g / d L.

7. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4, wherein said patient is a non-anemic female or a mild anemic female or a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 10 g / dL or said patient is a non-anemic male or a mild anemic male or a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of greater than 11 g / d L.

8. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4, wherein said patient is a mild anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / dL to less than 12 g / dL or said patient is a mild anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 12 g / dL to less than 13 g / dL.

9. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4, wherein said patient is a subclinical anemic female and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 10 g / dL to less than 11 g / dL or said patient is a subclinical anemic male and has a whole blood hemoglobin level of 11 g / d L to less than 12 g / dL.

10. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 4 to 9, wherein said patient does not suffer from an iron deficiency and wherein iron deficiency is defined as whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L in said patient.

11. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to any of claims 1 to 10, wherein said patient does not suffer from iron deficiency anemia and wherein iron deficiency anemia is defined as whole blood hemoglobin level of less than 12 g / dL in females and a whole blood hemoglobin level less than 13 g / dL in males and concomitant whole blood or plasma and / or serum ferritin level of less than 15 µg / L.

212. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 11, wherein said patient is female and wherein said female is a non-pregnant female.

13. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 12, wherein said patient is 18 years or above, preferably 15 years and above.

14. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 13, wherein said patient is receiving therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof or is scheduled to receive therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder.

15. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 14, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as adjunctive therapy to said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof.

16. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claim 14, wherein said iron supplementation is administered as replacement of said therapy with one or more central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof.

17. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 13, wherein said patient is not receiving treatment central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, preferably has never received treatment with central nervous system stimulants, selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, or combinations thereof, 3and wherein preferably the patient is suffering from a neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder.

18. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 17, wherein iron supplementation comprises the administration of an Iron(III) or Iron(II) compound, in particular selected from the group comprising ferrous bisglycinate chelate, Iron(II) glycine sulphate complex (Ferro sanol duodenal®), Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric), Iron(III) hydroxide-dextran complex (Cosmofer®), Iron(III) sodium D-gluconate complex (Ferlixit® ; Ferrlecit®), Iron-II- gluconate / iron(III)-sodium-gluconate complex (Ferrlecit®), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Venofer®, PA21, Velforo), Iron(III) hydroxide sucrose complex (Fermed®), Iron carboxymaltose (Ferinject®), Ferric maltol (ST10; ST10-021) and / or ferric citrate (KRX- 0502; auryxia), more particularly, said iron supplematation is Iron(III) derisomaltose (MonoFer®, Iron isomaltoside, ferric derisomaltose, Monoferric) and Iron(III) hydroxide- dextran complex (Cosmofer®).

19. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 18, wherein said iron supplementation is administered in form of a pharmaceutical formulation.

20. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 19, wherein said iron supplementation is in form of a solution, preferably a ready-to-use solution.

21. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 18, wherein said iron supplementation is in a freeze-dried state.

22. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron 4supplementation comprises iron in a concentration of 0,0001 g / L to 20 g / L, preferably 0,001 g / L to 2 g / L, preferably 0,02 g / L to 1,5 g / L, more preferably 0,05 g / L to 1,2 g / L, more preferably 0,1 g / L to 1 g / L and most preferably 0,5 g / L.

23. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a dose of 1 mg / kg body weight to 30 mg / kg body weight, preferably of 2 mg / kg body weight to 25 mg / kg body weight, more preferably of 5 mg / kg body weight to 15 mg / kg body weight, and most preferably of 10 mg / kg body weight.

24. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is selected from the group comprising an intravenous iron supplementation, parenteral iron supplementation, intraaerterial iron supplementation, oral iron supplementation or intramuscular iron supplementation, wherein said iron supplementation comprises iron in a fixed dose of 400 to 450 mg, more particularly 423 mg.

25. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 24, wherein the iron supplementation is administered to said patient in repeated doses in a 12 week interval.

26. Iron supplementation for treatment and / or prophylaxis of a neurodevelopmental orpsychiatric disorder in a human patient in need thereof according to claims 1 to 21, wherein the iron supplementation is an intravenous iron supplementation, preferably a ferric carboxymaltose solution, which is administered in a dose equivalent to 500 to 2000mg of iron, more preferably administered over at least 15 min. 5

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