Distribution matcher designs with lookup tables
Distribution matchers with lookup tables address inefficiencies in wireless communication systems by performing bit-level distribution matching on small blocks, enhancing shaping performance and maintaining high transmission rates and spectral efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/106880
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-07-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-01-29
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in achieving high spectral efficiency while minimizing signal-to-noise ratio degradation and computational resource inefficiencies due to uniform distribution over constellation points, particularly with higher-order modulation schemes.
Implementing distribution matchers with lookup tables for probabilistic shaping, which perform bit-level distribution matching on multiple small blocks of bits, using parallel distribution matchers and concatenating outputs to achieve a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target, with distribution values indicated by lookup tables.
This approach enhances shaping performance by reducing latency and computational intensity, maintaining high transmission rates and spectral efficiency, while adapting to different communication conditions.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024106880_29012026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DISTRIBUTION MATCHER DESIGNS WITH LOOKUP TABLES
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including distribution matcher designs with lookup tables.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-APro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) . In some examples, transmissions may be encoded and sent according to a probabilistic shaping scheme.SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a wireless device is described. The method may include generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits, inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value, and transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0006] A wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to generate a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits, input a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, concatenate a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value, and transmit a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0007] Another wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include means for generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits, means for inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, means for concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value, and means for transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to generate a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits, input a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, concatenate a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value, and transmit a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0009] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into the set of multiple distribution matchers may include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher and mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher.
[0010] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for changing a distribution value at each distribution matcher each time a new block of bits may be input to the set of multiple distribution matchers according to a respective set of distribution values for each of the distribution matchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits and outputting the set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers in accordance with changing the distribution values.
[0011] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table include a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0012] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table includes an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0013] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicating the relationship includes a set of multiple rows, each row corresponding to a candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution matchers of the set of multiple distribution matchers.
[0014] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for inputting a second set of multiple blocks of bits into a second set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matchers for each block of bits of the second set of multiple blocks of bits may be in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits and concatenating a second set of multiple output sequences from the second set of multiple distribution matchers, the second set of multiple output sequences including a second non-uniform sequence that satisfies the probabilistic shaping target value, where transmitting the wireless message may be in accordance with the second non-uniform sequence.
[0015] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, where performing distribution matching via the set of multiple distribution matchers may be in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0016] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, where each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including energy shaping values, and where each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including distribution probability values, where the relationship may be indicated one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0017] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the switching may be in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0018] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, where performing distribution matching via the set of multiple distribution matchers may be in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0019] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing a forward error correction encoding procedure on the non-uniform sequence, applying a sign generation to a first output of the forward error correction encoding procedure, performing bit to symbol mapping on a second output of the forward error correction encoding procedure, and applying a sign multiplication to an output of the sign generation and an output of the bit to symbol mapping, where transmitting the wireless message may be in accordance with the forward error correction encoding procedure, the sign generation, the bit to symbol mapping, and the sign multiplication.
[0020] A method for wireless communications by a wireless device is described. The method may include decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits, inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, and generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0021] A wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to decode a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits, input the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, and generate a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0022] Another wireless device for wireless communications is described. The wireless device may include means for decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits, means for inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, and means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0023] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to decode a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits, input the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits, and generate a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0024] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher and mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher.
[0025] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for changing a distribution value at each distribution dematcher each time a new block of bits may be input to the set of multiple distribution dematchers according to a respective set of distribution values for the distribution dematchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits, where generating the information bits may be based at least in pat on distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers and generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0026] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each of the distribution values for each entry in the lookup table include a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0027] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table includes an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0028] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, a lookup table indicating the relationship includes a set of multiple rows, each row corresponding to an candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution dematchers of the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0029] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for inputting a second set of multiple blocks of bits of a second set of bits into a second set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each of the respective distribution dematchers for each block of bits of the second set of multiple blocks of bits may be in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits.
[0030] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, where performing distribution dematching via the set of multiple distribution dematchers may be in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0031] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, where each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including energy shaping values, and where each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including distribution probability values, where the relationship may be indicated by one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0032] In some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the switching may be in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0033] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, where performing distribution dematching via the set of multiple distribution dematchers may be in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0034] Some examples of the method, wireless devices, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing bit-wise demapping procedure on a wireless signal, the decoding may be in accordance with the bit-wise demapping procedure, performing bit-amplitude demapping procedure on an output of the decoding, where generating the sequence including the set of multiple blocks of bits in accordance with the bit-amplitude demapping procedure, and demultiplexing the set of multiple information bits.
[0035] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0037] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0038] FIG. 3 shows an example of an encoding scheme that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0039] FIG. 4 shows an example of an encoding scheme that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0040] FIG. 5 shows an example of an encoding scheme that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0041] FIG. 6 shows an example of an encoding scheme that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0042] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0043] FIGs. 8 and 9 show diagrams of devices that support distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0044] FIG. 10 shows a diagram of a communications manager that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0045] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0046] FIGs. 12 and 13 show diagrams of devices that support distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0047] FIG. 14 shows a diagram of a communications manager that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0048] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0049] FIGs. 16 through 19 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0050] In some examples, a wireless device may perform wireless signaling via various modulation schemes. In some examples, a higher-order modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) may be combined with a binary forward error correction (FEC) shaping operation to achieve higher spectral efficiency. However, using higher-order modulation signaling may result in a decrease in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) resulting from uniform distribution over constellation points (e.g., a shaping gap) , which may reduce information transmission rates. In some examples, wireless devices may support probabilistic shaping to reduce such a shaping gap. Probabilistic shaping may induce a non-uniform distribution over constellation points. Probabilistic shaping may combine an outer layer of shaping with an inner layer of binary FEC coding to provide a low-complexity and flexible encoding mechanism by performing distribution matching (e.g., transforming a sequence of uniform bits to a sequences of shaped bits) . However, performing distribution matching on a large block-size (e.g., a large quantity of bits) may result in increased latency and inefficient use of computational resources. On the other hand, distribution matching using small block size may be computationally intensive and bottleneck transmission rates.
[0051] Techniques described herein support an improvement of shaping performance by performing bit-level distribution matching (single-bit or multiple-bit distribution matching) on multiple small blocks of bits (e.g., to decrease latency) . To mitigate rate loss that could result from such small blocks, techniques described herein support parallel distribution matching by multiple small distribution matchers, and concatenation of the outputs of the distribution matchers into a larger sequence of shaped bits that satisfy an overall shaping target. The shaping occurring at each distribution matcher may be realized according to a relationship between subsets of input bits that map to (e.g., according to a relationship) distribution values (e.g., probability distribution values for a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) procedure, or energy shaping values for an energy-based distribution matching procedure) . In either case, distribution values for the individual distribution matching procedures at the multiple small-block distribution matchers may be performed using distribution values indicated by the subsets of input bits. In some examples, the relationship between subsets of input bits and distribution values may be defined in one or more lookup tables. For example, as each subset of bits is read into the multiple distribution matchers, distribution values for performing distribution matching at each distribution matcher may be indicated by a row of a lookup table indexed by a respective subset of input bits.
[0052] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to wireless communications systems, encoding schemes, and process flows. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to distribution matcher designs with lookup tables.
[0053] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-APro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0054] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0055] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0056] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0057] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0058] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0059] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0060] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0061] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0062] For instance, an access network (AN) or RAN may include communications between access nodes (e.g., an IAB donor) , IAB node (s) 104, and one or more UEs 115. The IAB donor may facilitate connection between the core network 130 and the AN (e.g., via a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130) . That is, an IAB donor may refer to a RAN node with a wired or wireless connection to the core network 130. The IAB donor may include one or more of a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170, in which case the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface (e.g., a backhaul link) . The IAB donor and IAB node (s) 104 may communicate via an F1 interface according to a protocol that defines signaling messages (e.g., an F1 AP protocol) . Additionally, or alternatively, the CU 160 may communicate with the core network 130 via an interface, which may be an example of a portion of a backhaul link, and may communicate with other CUs (e.g., including a CU 160 associated with an alternative IAB donor) via an Xn-C interface, which may be an example of another portion of a backhaul link.
[0063] IAB node (s) 104 may refer to RAN nodes that provide IAB functionality (e.g., access for UEs 115, wireless self-backhauling capabilities) . A DU 165 may act as a distributed scheduling node towards child nodes associated with the IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB-MT may act as a scheduled node towards parent nodes associated with IAB node (s) 104. That is, an IAB donor may be referred to as a parent node in communication with one or more child nodes (e.g., an IAB donor may relay transmissions for UEs through other IAB node (s) 104) . Additionally, or alternatively, IAB node (s) 104 may also be referred to as parent nodes or child nodes to other IAB node (s) 104, depending on the relay chain or configuration of the AN. The IAB-MT entity of IAB node (s) 104 may provide a Uu interface for a child IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104) to receive signaling from a parent IAB node (e.g., the IAB node (s)
[0064] 104) , and a DU interface (e.g., a DU 165) may provide a Uu interface for a parent IAB node to signal to a child IAB node or UE 115.
[0065] For example, IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as parent nodes that support communications for child IAB nodes, or may be referred to as child IAB nodes associated with IAB donors, or both. An IAB donor may include a CU 160 with a wired or wireless connection (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) to the core network 130 and may act as a parent node to IAB node (s) 104. For example, the DU 165 of an IAB donor may relay transmissions to UEs 115 through IAB node (s) 104, or may directly signal transmissions to a UE 115, or both. The CU 160 of the IAB donor may signal communication link establishment via an F1 interface to IAB node (s) 104, and the IAB node (s) 104 may schedule transmissions (e.g., transmissions to the UEs 115 relayed from the IAB donor) through one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) . That is, data may be relayed to and from IAB node (s) 104 via signaling via an NR Uu interface to MT of IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., other IAB node (s) ) . Communications with IAB node (s) 104 may be scheduled by a DU 165 of the IAB donor or of IAB node (s) 104.
[0066] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support test as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0067] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0068] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0069] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0070] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0071] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0072] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0073] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0074] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0075] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0076] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0077] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0078] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0079] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0080] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0081] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0082] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0083] The wireless communications system 100 may support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) may have similar frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of the network entities 105) may be approximately aligned in time. For asynchronous operation, network entities 105 may have different frame timings, and transmissions from different network entities (e.g., different ones of network entities 105) may, in some examples, not be aligned in time. The techniques described herein may be used for either synchronous or asynchronous operations.
[0084] Some UEs 115, such as MTC or IoT devices, may be relatively low cost or low complexity devices and may provide for automated communication between machines (e.g., via Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication) . M2M communication or MTC may refer to data communication technologies that allow devices to communicate with one another or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) without human intervention. In some examples, M2M communication or MTC may include communications from devices that integrate sensors or meters to measure or capture information and relay such information to a central server or application program that uses the information or presents the information to humans interacting with the application program. Some UEs 115 may be designed to collect information or enable automated behavior of machines or other devices. Examples of applications for MTC devices include smart metering, inventory monitoring, water level monitoring, equipment monitoring, healthcare monitoring, wildlife monitoring, weather and geological event monitoring, fleet management and tracking, remote security sensing, physical access control, and transaction-based business charging.
[0085] Some UEs 115 may be configured to employ operating modes that reduce power consumption, such as half-duplex communications (e.g., a mode that supports one-way communication via transmission or reception, but not transmission and reception concurrently) . In some examples, half-duplex communications may be performed at a reduced peak rate. Other power conservation techniques for the UEs 115 may include entering a power saving deep sleep mode when not engaging in active communications, operating using a limited bandwidth (e.g., according to narrowband communications) , or a combination of these techniques. For example, some UEs 115 may be configured for operation using a narrowband protocol type that is associated with a defined portion or range (e.g., set of subcarriers or resource blocks (RBs) ) within a carrier, within a guard-band of a carrier, or outside of a carrier.
[0086] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0087] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0088] In some systems, a D2D communication link 135 may be an example of a communication channel, such as a sidelink communication channel, between vehicles (e.g., UEs 115) . In some examples, vehicles may communicate using vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, or some combination of these. A vehicle may signal information related to traffic conditions, signal scheduling, weather, safety, emergencies, or any other information relevant to a V2X system. In some examples, vehicles in a V2X system may communicate with roadside infrastructure, such as roadside units, or with the network via one or more network nodes (e.g., network entities 105, base stations 140, RUs 170) using vehicle-to-network (V2N) communications, or with both.
[0089] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0090] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0091] The wireless communications system 100 may also operate using a super high frequency (SHF) region, which may be in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz, also known as the centimeter band, or using an extremely high frequency (EHF) region of the spectrum (e.g., from 30 GHz to 300 GHz) , also known as the millimeter band. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may support millimeter wave (mmW) communications between the UEs 115 and the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140, RUs 170) , and EHF antennas of the respective devices may be smaller and more closely spaced than UHF antennas. In some examples, such techniques may facilitate using antenna arrays within a device. The propagation of EHF transmissions, however, may be subject to even greater attenuation and shorter range than SHF or UHF transmissions. The techniques disclosed herein may be employed across transmissions that use one or more different frequency regions, and designated use of bands across these frequency regions may differ by country or regulating body.
[0092] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0093] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0094] The network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may use MIMO communications to exploit multipath signal propagation and increase spectral efficiency by transmitting or receiving multiple signals via different spatial layers. Such techniques may be referred to as spatial multiplexing. The multiple signals may, for example, be transmitted by the transmitting device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Likewise, the multiple signals may be received by the receiving device via different antennas or different combinations of antennas. Each of the multiple signals may be referred to as a separate spatial stream and may carry information associated with the same data stream (e.g., the same codeword) or different data streams (e.g., different codewords) . Different spatial layers may be associated with different antenna ports used for channel measurement and reporting. MIMO techniques include single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to the same receiving device, and multiple-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) , for which multiple spatial layers are transmitted to multiple devices.
[0095] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0096] A network entity 105 or a UE 115 may use beam sweeping techniques as part of beamforming operations. For example, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may use multiple antennas or antenna arrays (e.g., antenna panels) to conduct beamforming operations for directional communications with a UE 115. Some signals (e.g., synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals) may be transmitted by a network entity 105 multiple times along different directions. For example, the network entity 105 may transmit a signal according to different beamforming weight sets associated with different directions of transmission. Transmissions along different beam directions may be used to identify (e.g., by a transmitting device, such as a network entity 105, or by a receiving device, such as a UE 115) a beam direction for later transmission or reception by the network entity 105.
[0097] Some signals, such as data signals associated with a particular receiving device, may be transmitted by a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) along a single beam direction (e.g., a direction associated with the receiving device, such as another network entity 105 or UE 115) . In some examples, the beam direction associated with transmissions along a single beam direction may be determined based on a signal that was transmitted along one or more beam directions. For example, a UE 115 may receive one or more of the signals transmitted by the network entity 105 along different directions and may report to the network entity 105 an indication of the signal that the UE 115 received with a highest signal quality or an otherwise acceptable signal quality.
[0098] In some examples, transmissions by a device (e.g., by a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may be performed using multiple beam directions, and the device may use a combination of digital precoding or beamforming to generate a combined beam for transmission (e.g., from a network entity 105 to a UE 115) . The UE 115 may report feedback that indicates precoding weights for one or more beam directions, and the feedback may correspond to a configured set of beams across a system bandwidth or one or more sub-bands. The network entity 105 may transmit a reference signal (e.g., a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) ) , which may be precoded or unprecoded. The UE 115 may provide feedback for beam selection, which may be a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) or codebook-based feedback (e.g., a multi-panel type codebook, a linear combination type codebook, a port selection type codebook) . Although these techniques are described with reference to signals transmitted along one or more directions by a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , a UE 115 may employ similar techniques for transmitting signals multiple times along different directions (e.g., for identifying a beam direction for subsequent transmission or reception by the UE 115) or for transmitting a signal along a single direction (e.g., for transmitting data to a receiving device) .
[0099] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115) may perform reception operations in accordance with multiple receive configurations (e.g., directional listening) when receiving various signals from a transmitting device (e.g., a network entity 105) , such as synchronization signals, reference signals, beam selection signals, or other control signals. For example, a receiving device may perform reception in accordance with multiple receive directions by receiving via different antenna subarrays, by processing received signals according to different antenna subarrays, by receiving according to different receive beamforming weight sets (e.g., different directional listening weight sets) applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, or by processing received signals according to different receive beamforming weight sets applied to signals received at multiple antenna elements of an antenna array, any of which may be referred to as “listening” according to different receive configurations or receive directions. In some examples, a receiving device may use a single receive configuration to receive along a single beam direction (e.g., when receiving a data signal) . The single receive configuration may be aligned along a beam direction determined based on listening according to different receive configuration directions (e.g., a beam direction determined to have a highest signal strength, highest signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , or otherwise acceptable signal quality based on listening according to multiple beam directions) .
[0100] The wireless communications system 100 may be a packet-based network that operates according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communications at the bearer or PDCP layer may be IP-based. An RLC layer may perform packet segmentation and reassembly to communicate via logical channels. A MAC layer may perform priority handling and multiplexing of logical channels into transport channels. The MAC layer also may implement error detection techniques, error correction techniques, or both to support retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, an RRC layer may provide establishment, configuration, and maintenance of an RRC connection between a UE 115 and a network entity 105 or a core network 130 supporting radio bearers for user plane data. A PHY layer may map transport channels to physical channels.
[0101] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may support retransmissions of data to increase the likelihood that data is received successfully. Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback is one technique for increasing the likelihood that data is received correctly via a communication link (e.g., the communication link (s) 125, a D2D communication link 135) . HARQ may include a combination of error detection (e.g., using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) ) , forward error correction (FEC) , and retransmission (e.g., automatic repeat request (ARQ) ) . HARQ may improve throughput at the MAC layer in relatively poor radio conditions (e.g., low signal-to-noise conditions) . In some examples, a device may support same-slot HARQ feedback, in which case the device may provide HARQ feedback in a specific slot for data received via a previous symbol in the slot. In some other examples, the device may provide HARQ feedback in a subsequent slot, or according to some other time interval.
[0102] Techniques described herein support an improvement of shaping performance by performing (e.g., by a UE 115 or a network entity 105) bit-level distribution matching (single-bit or multiple-bit distribution matching) on multiple small blocks of bits (e.g., to decrease latency) . To mitigate rate loss that could result from such small blocks, techniques described herein support parallel distribution matching by multiple small distribution matchers, and concatenation of the outputs of the distribution matchers into a larger sequence of shaped bits that satisfy an overall shaping target. The shaping occurring at each distribution matcher may be realized according to a relationship between subsets of input bits that map to (e.g., according to a relationship) distribution values (e.g., probability distribution values for a constant composition distribution matching (CCDM) procedure, or energy shaping values for an energy-based distribution matching procedure) . In either case, distribution values for the individual distribution matching procedures at the multiple small-block distribution matchers may be performed using distribution values indicated by the subsets of input bits. In some examples, the relationship between subsets of input bits and distribution values may be defined in one or more lookup tables. For example, as each subset of bits is read into the multiple distribution matchers, distribution values for performing distribution matching at each distribution matcher may be indicated by a row of a lookup table indexed by a respective subset of input bits.
[0103] FIG. 2 shows an example of a wireless communications system 200 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100. For example, the wireless communications system 200 may include a transmitting device 205 (e.g., which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105) , and a receiving device 210 (e.g., which may be an example of a UE 115 or a network entity 105) . In the example of FIG. 2, the device 205 may be a transmitting device (e.g., a device that may perform one or more encoding operations) and the device 210 may be a receiving device (e.g., a device that may perform one or more decoding operations) . The device 205 and the device 210 may communicate via a communication link, which may be an example of a communication link 125 as described with reference to FIG. 1. In the example of FIG. 2, the communication link may be a downlink, an uplink, or a sidelink, among other examples.
[0104] In some examples, the device 205 and the device 210 may support higher-order modulation, such as quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . In some examples, QAM may be combined with binary forward error correction (FEC) to achieve high spectral efficiency for mobile data transmission.
[0105] In some examples of the wireless communications system 200, a communication device (e.g., the device 205, the device 210) may support one or more amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation schemes. For example, information (e.g., k bits) transmitted via a modulated signal may be represented as symbols (e.g., amplitudes encoded over a time duration of the modulated signal) and each symbol may be represented as a point (e.g., a constellation point of an ASK constellation) . That is, the k bits may be represented as n constellation points and each constellation point may correspond to a symbol of a modulated signal with a particular amplitude. Some constellations may be one-dimensional (1D) constellations (e.g., a constellation that may use an amplitude alphabet of In some examples, the constellations may be extended to another dimensions (e.g., a two-dimensional constellation (2D) ) . The wireless communications system 200 may employ ASK constellations that may be extended to QAM constellations, for example by mapping two ASK constellation points to one QAM constellation points (e.g., one for an in-phase component (i) and one for a quadrature component (q) ) .
[0106] In some examples, the k bits may be mapped to (e.g., represented by) symbols according to an alphabet. For example, for an alphabet and an alphabet m may correspond to an integer greater than about 1 (e.g., m>1) and may correspond to a finite symbol alphabet of size m. That is, the symbol alphabet may include m elements (e.g., symbols) . In such an example, an ordering may be imposed on the alphabet such that a value of ai may be less than a value of αi+1 (e.g., αi<αi+1) for each i (e.g., a1<a2< ... am) . Additionally, or alternatively, for a particular value of m and for each integer t between 1 and m, may be a subset of including symbol ai for i≤t. That is, may be expressed according to the following Equation 1:
[0107] For example, and That is, may be a subset of or equal to which may be a subset of or equal to (e.g., ) .
[0108] In such an example, a sequence over (e.g., a symbol sequence including symbols of the alphabet asymbol sequence generated using ) and having length n may be referred to as an ordered n-tuple, in which elements of the sequence may correspond to values included in That is, a sequences over and having length n may refer to a sequence of n elements, in which each element (e.g., symbol) of the sequence may be included in (e.g., belongs to)
[0109] In some examples, an ASK constellation (e.g., a constellation of an 2M-ary ASK modulation scheme with a constellation of {±1, ±3, ... ±2M-1} ) may be associated with a symbol (e.g., amplitude) alphabet of (e.g., and an amplitude alphabet of such that m=2M-1 and may correspond to an 2M-ary ASK alphabet) . In some examples, a cardinality (m) of an alphabet used with a modulation scheme to generate a symbol sequence (e.g., a constellation) may depend on a modulation order of the modulation scheme. For example, for an 8 ASK modulation scheme (e.g., an ASK modulation scheme with a modulation order of 8) , a value of M may be equal to about 3 (e.g., 23=8) and, therefore, may be associated with a symbol alphabet having a cardinality of about 4 symbols (e.g., m=4) . In some examples, for the 8 ASK modulation scheme, the symbol alphabet with m=4 may be written in accordance with Equation 2:
[0110] In such an example, some subsets (e.g., prefixes) of may include and
[0111] Additionally, or alternatively, an energy of a symbol ai (e.g., given an alphabet with a cardinality m) , may be denoted as E (ai) for each i. In such an example, the symbol energies may be distinct (e.g., and assumed) for any i∈ {1, 2, ..., m-1} , in which 0≤E (ai) <E (ai+1) . That is, the energy of a symbol may correspond to a non-negative value (e.g., a non-negative integer) . In some examples (e.g., for ASK constellations) , an alphabet may be selected, such that m=2M-1 and corresponds to a 2M-ary ASK alphabet (e.g., m depends on a modulation order of the ASK modulation scheme) . In such examples, ai=2i-1, such that a1=1, a2=3, and am=2M-1. In some examples, the symbol energy (E (ai) ) may be determined in accordance with the following Equation 3: E (ai) = (2i-1) 2. (3)
[0112] Additionally, or alternatively, the symbol energy may be determined in accordance with the following Equation 4:
[0113] In such examples, if 8E (ai) +1= (2i-1) 2, determining the symbol energy (E (ai) ) may include a rescaling of (2i-1) 2.
[0114] In some examples, a symbol sequence (e.g., generated using an alphabet with a cardinality m) may be written as s= (s1, s2, ..., sn) in which each element of s may correspond to an element of the alphabet In such examples, the energy of the sequence (s) may be denoted as E (s) and may be defined as an accumulation (e.g., summation) of symbol energies (E (ai) ) of symbols included in the sequence. For example, the sequence energy (E (s) ) may be written in accordance with Equation 5:
[0115] In some examples, an energy (E (ai) ) of a symbol corresponding to a constellation point may be proportional to the square of the distance between the constellation point and the origin. Additionally, or alternatively, the distance between constellation points may correspond to a noise tolerance. For example, a relatively larger distance may correspond to a relatively larger noise tolerance (e.g., of the symbol) . As such, an average SNR of the ASK constellation (e.g., and an average energy) may correspond to a distribution of the constellation points.
[0116] Constellations (e.g., constellation diagrams of modulated signals) in some systems that use higher-order modulation (e.g., 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM) may be fixed and each constellation point (e.g., of a constellation diagram) may be used with about equal probability. For example, within the constellation diagram, each constellation point (e.g., associated with a particular phase and amplitude) may have a same (or about the same) probability of being selected (e.g., being transmitted) . That is, each symbol in a modulated signal (e.g., a symbol sequence) associated with the constellation may be associated with a same fractional occurrence. In such an example, the constellation points (e.g., symbols) may have relatively high amplitudes, and relatively high power, may have a same probability of being selected (e.g., transmitted) as constellation points that may have relatively low amplitudes (e.g., and relatively low power) . That is, a distribution of the constellation points within the constellation diagram may be uniform.
[0117] In some examples, the device 205 and the device 210 may support higher-order modulation (e.g., 16 QAM, 64 QAM, 256 QAM) for wireless communications. For example, the device 205 (e.g., a transmitting device) may implement higher-order modulation to improve a reliability (or throughput) with which another communication device (e.g., the device 210, a receiving device) may recover original source information. In some examples, as a modulation order of a modulation scheme used to generate a modulated signal increases, an information rate that may be achieved using the modulation scheme (e.g., with uniform signaling) may be reduced relative to a capacity of the channel (e.g., a communication channel used for transmitting the modulated signal) . For example, the capacity of a channel (e.g., a channel capacity, an upper bound of a quantity of bits that may be transmitted per symbol, an upper bound of a rate at which information may be transmitted relatively reliably using the communication channel) achievable using a modulation scheme (e.g., 16 QAM, 64 QAM, or 256 QAM) may be associated with an SNR of the modulated signal (e.g., obtained using the modulation scheme) . As such, a modulation and coding scheme may have a particular SNR to achieve a particular information rate. In some examples, a difference between an SNR (e.g., of a modulated signal) at which a particular information rate may be achieved and another SNR at which channel capacity may be achieved (e.g., an SNR associated with an information rate of a maximum capacity-achieving scheme or otherwise suitable capacity-achieving scheme) may be referred to as a shaping gap. That is, the shaping gap may refer to a difference between a rate of information (e.g., the information rate) achievable using a modulation and coding scheme and the channel capacity (e.g., an unconstrained channel capacity) of an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel at a particular SNR. In some examples, the shaping gap may be equal to (e.g., asymptotically equal to) about 1.53 dB for increased (e.g., relatively large) information rates. That is, the shaping gap may approach a value of about 1.53 dB for increased (e.g., relatively large) information rates compared to other information rates achievable for some MCSs.
[0118] In some examples, constellation shaping may be applied to reduce the shaping gap. For example, if a distribution (e.g., an input distribution of a symbol alphabet associated with constellation points within an ASK constellation diagram) may be a 1D Gaussian-like distribution (e.g., over a real line) , an increased channel capacity of the modulation scheme (e.g., over an AWGN channel) may be achieved. For example, a noise of a modulated signal may be reduced by reducing an average energy of the corresponding constellation. That is, an average SNR of the ASK constellation diagram may be increased (e.g., and an average energy reduced) by varying the relative distance between constellation points or by varying a probability with which particular constellation points may be selected (e.g., by varying the fractional occurrence of the constellation points) . For example, the average energy of the ASK constellation diagram may be reduced by increasing the fractional occurrence of constellation points that may be a relatively small distance from the origin (e.g., constellation points that may have a relatively low energy) and reducing the fractional occurrence of constellation points that may be a relatively large distance from the origin (e.g., constellation points that may have a relatively high energy) .
[0119] For example, some techniques to reduce (e.g., close) the shaping gap (e.g., and reduce the SNR) may include geometric shaping and probabilistic shaping. Geometric shaping may implement equiprobable signaling with Gaussian-like distributed constellation points. That is, for geometric shaping, constellation points may be selected (e.g., transmitted) with about equal probability and a relative distance between different constellation points may be different (e.g., to achieve a Gaussian distribution) . Probabilistic shaping may employ equidistant constellation points and may implement one or more non-uniform (e.g., Gaussian-like) signal distributions. That is, for probabilistic shaping, a relative distance between different constellation points (e.g., within the constellation diagram) may about equal and a probability of selecting a particular constellation point (e.g., to be transmitted) may be non-uniform (e.g., Gaussian-like) . For example, constellation points with relatively low amplitudes (e.g., relatively low power, relatively low energy) may have an increased probability of being selected compared to constellation points with relatively high amplitudes (e.g., relatively high power, relatively high energy) , such as to achieve a Gaussian-like signal distribution.
[0120] In some examples, the probability distribution of constellation points for probabilistic shaping may be modified to achieve a discrete Gaussian-like distribution, such as Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution. For example, a 2M-ary ASK constellation may include a set of symbols (e.g., {±1, ±3, ..., ± (2M-1) } ) with an amplitude alphabet (e.g., ) . In some examples, a Maxwell-Boltzmann-distributed input may exhibit a shaping gain (e.g., an increase in the information rate for a same power or an increase in energy efficiency for a same information rate achieved by probabilistic shaping relative to signaling using an AWGN channel) relative to a uniformly distributed input (e.g., within an ASK constellation, relative to a constellation for an ASK modulation scheme) .
[0121] Some examples (e.g., approaches, architectures) of probabilistic shaping may include trellis shaping and shell mapping. Additionally, or alternatively, probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) may be used (e.g., at the device 205, or the device 210, or both) as a technique to perform probabilistic shaping. For example, PAS may combine an outer layer of shaping (e.g., constellation shaping) with an inner layer of binary forward-error-correction (FEC) to provide a relatively low-complexity (or otherwise suitable complexity) and flexible integration with existing bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) schemes. In some examples, PAS may provide relatively large (or otherwise suitable) shaping gain and inherent rate (e.g., information rate) adaptation functionality.
[0122] In some examples, aspects of PAS may occur at a distribution matcher 220. For example, as illustrated in the example of FIG. 2, the device 205 (e.g., a transmitting device) may use the distribution matcher 220 (e.g., a non-linear precoder) to transforms (e.g., convert) uniformly (e.g., regularly) distributed bit sequences into symbol sequences with a non-uniform (e.g., irregular) distribution. Uniform bits may be input into the demultiplexer 215, which may output uniform bits (e.g., γn uniform bits, where γ may be an integer, such as a nonnegative integer) to the encoder 230 and k bits (e.g., 0, 1, 0, 0, ..., 1) to the distribution matcher 220. The device 205 may use the distribution matcher 220 to generate a symbol sequence of non-uniform amplitudes (e.g., n amplitudes) (e.g., 3, 1, 5, ..., 3) from the bit sequence of k bits. For example, the distribution matcher 220 (e.g., a fixed-to-fixed distribution matcher) may map a length-k bit sequence to a length-n amplitude sequence and induce a non-uniform (e.g., marginal) distribution of the amplitude symbols {1, 3, ..., 2M-1} . In some examples, the k bits may be independent and distributed (e.g., identically distributed) with a uniform distribution. Additionally, or alternatively, the non-uniform distribution over the amplitude symbols (e.g., using the amplitude symbols) may be closer to the capacity-achieving distribution relative to the uniform distribution. For instance, the non-uniform distribution may be a Gaussian-like distribution (e.g., may approximate a Gaussian distribution) or may be a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution (e.g., in the AWGN context) . In some examples, the distribution matcher 220 may have a distribution matching rate determined in accordance with the following Equation 6:
[0123] where k may correspond to a quantity of bits (e.g., information bits) input into the distribution matcher 220 and n may correspond to a quantity of symbol amplitudes (e.g., symbols) output from the distribution matcher 220. The device 205 may use an amplitude-to-bit mapper 225 to generate non-uniform amplitude bits (e.g., n (M-1) amplitude bits) from the n amplitudes. The n (M-1) bits and the uniform bits (e.g., γn bits, where γ may be an integer, such as a nonnegative integer) may be input into an encoder 230 (e.g., a systematic FEC encoder) to generate non-uniform systematic bits, parity bits (e.g., n (1-γ) parity bits) (e.g., 1, 1, 0, ..., 1) , and uniform bits (e.g., γn uniform bits) (e.g., 1, 0, 1, 1, ..., 0) . In some examples, the systematic FEC encoder 230 may have a systematic FEC code rate determined in accordance with Equation 7:
[0124] In some examples, the bit-amplitude mapper 235, may perform bit-to-amplitude mapping, and the sign-mapper 240 may perform sign mapping. In some examples, the device 205 may (e.g., via the sign-mapper 240) use the n (1-γ) parity bits, and the γn uniform bits to generate n sign bits (e.g., n sign bits) . In some examples, as part of generating the n bits, the device 205 may map bits with a value of 0 to bits with a value of 1. Additionally, or alternatively, the device 205 may map bits with a value 1 to bits with a value of -1. The device 205 may use a modulator (e.g., may multiply, such as point-wise, the n bits (e.g., n sign bits) with the n amplitudes or an output of the -amplitude mapper) ) to generate n constellation points (e.g., a modulated signal including n constellation points) . In some examples, the device 205 may transmit the modulated signal (e.g., the n constellation points) to the device 210. For example, the device 205 may transmit the n constellation points with a transmission rate determined in accordance with Equation 8: Rt=Rdm+γ. (8)
[0125] In some examples, the device 210 (e.g., a receiving device) may receive the modulated signal (e.g., the n constellation points) and use a bitwise demapper 245 (e.g., a log likelihood ratio (LLR) demapper) to extract (e.g., generate) bits (e.g., LLRs) , such as the n (M-1) bits (e.g., the n (M-1) amplitude bits) , the n (1-γ) bits (e.g., the n (1-γ) parity bits) , and nγ bits. In such an example, the device 210 may input the LLRs (e.g., the n (M-1) bits, the n (1-γ) bits, and the nγ bits) into a decoder 250 (e.g., a systematic FEC decoder) . The n (M-1) bits output from the systematic FEC decoder may be input into a bit-to-amplitude mapper 255 (e.g., which may be referred to as a demapper or a bit-amplitude demapper) to generate (e.g., extract) the n amplitudes. The device 210 may input the n amplitudes into a distribution dematcher 260 to estimate (e.g., extract) the k bits (e.g., the k information bits) . The estimated bits (e.g., estimated nγ bits) and the estimated k information bits may be multiplexed by the multiplexer 265 (e.g., to generate the uniform bits encoded and transmitted by the device 205) .
[0126] Distribution matching (e.g., via the distribution matcher 220) may be a key component in PAS transmission architectures. Distribution matching may include transforming a sequence of uniform bits (e.g., k bits) into a sequence of per-dimension amplitudes, which may be aimed at inducing a target probability distribution over the underlying amplitude alphabet. Such a transformation may be invertible (e.g., the input can be correctly reconstructed by the device 210 (e.g., via the distribution dematcher 260) given the output from the distribution matcher 220 at the device 205) . In some examples, fixed-to-fixed distribution matcher may impose deterministic lengths for input and output sequences. In some examples, such a fixed-to-fixed distribution matcher may map a length-k bit sequence to a length-n amplitude sequence and induce a non-uniform (e.g., marginal) distribution of the amplitude symbols {1, 3, ..., 2M-1} . An input sequence (e.g., for the k bits) to the distribution matcher may be described as u (e.g., where u= (u1, u2, …, uk) with ∈ {0, 1} . An output sequence from the distribution matcher 220 may be described as s= (s1, s2, …, sn) where ∈ Such a design may support performance of low-complexity invertible fixed-to-fixed distribution matching, and may achieve a rate of close to an entropy H (e.g., ) bits / symbol (e.g., an output close to independent and identically distributed (i.d. d. ) according to For instance, for the amplitude alphabet the amplitude 1 may be associated with a value of 0.5, amplitude 3 may be associated with a value of 0.25, amplitude 5 may be associated with a value of 0.15, and amplitude 7 may be associated with a value of 0.1.
[0127] In some examples, the distribution matcher 220 may perform distribution matcher according to a large block length (e.g., a high value of n) . However, distribution matching according to such a large block length may result in increased latency (e.g., more computation resources committed to distribution matcher 220, a longer time for performing distribution matching, increased latency and expended power at the device 205, increased system latency, and decreased user experience) . In some examples, the distribution matcher 220 may perform distribution matcher according to a small block length (e.g., a small value of n) , which may result in a smaller processing latency. However, short block-length distribution matching may suffer from a larger loss of entropy rate.
[0128] Techniques described herein support concatenation of multiple short block-length distribution matchers, resulting in the smaller processing latency of short block-length without the loss of entropy rate. For example, a single long block-length bit-level distribution matcher may be used to perform shaping (PAS) at a bit-level (e.g., a most significant bit (MSB) level) . In such examples, may be input into the bit-level distribution matcher 220 and a sequence may be output from the bit-level distribution matcher 220. The distribution matcher may be performed according to a single target bit-level (e.g., binary) probability distribution and a corresponding target composition for the MSB level (e.g., a target ) . Such techniques may impose a strong condition on the statistical aspects of the output sequence b, which may result in a large rate loss at small-to-medium block lengths. To reduce the rate loss, techniques described herein may support multiple parallel small block-length distribution matchers 220, where values of the input u (e.g., subsets of input bits) map to probability information (e.g., values) at each of the parallel distribution matchers 220, as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 3-6.
[0129] FIG. 3 shows an example of an encoding scheme 300 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The encoding scheme 300 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100 and the wireless communications system 200. For example, a wireless device may support the encoding scheme 300. The transmitting device may be an example of corresponding devices (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) . The device may encode a wireless message, using a bit-level distribution matcher 320, which may be an example of the distribution matcher 220. In some examples, a single distribution matcher (e.g., the bit-level distribution matcher 320) may include multiple distribution matchers performing distribution matching on multiple subsets of a sequence of input bits, each distribution matcher corresponding to a respective block length (e.g., value of n) and each distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers corresponding to a distribution value (e.g., an energy value or a probability distribution target value) . In some examples, the distribution values for the multiple distribution matchers may change or vary over time. The distribution mapping of the individual distribution matchers (e.g., corresponding to the bit-level distribution matcher 320) may result in multiple output sequences, each corresponding to a distribution matching at a respective distribution matcher, and a concatenation of all of the output sequences may satisfy a target shaping or probability value.
[0130] In some examples, the distribution shaping may occur at a bit-level. For example, the bit-level distribution matcher 320 may implement bit-level shaping (e.g., for MSBs of k information bits) . For instance, k information bits may be input into the demultiplexer 305, which may output bits (e.g., output nγ uniform bits to be input into the encoder 315, and information bits uk to be input into the bit-level demultiplexer 310) . The Bit-level demultiplexer 310 may demultiplex the uk input bits into multiple bit streams (e.g., ) . One of the bit streams (e.g., ) may be input into the distribution matcher 320 and transformed into a bit sequence of length n (e.g., ) . The quantity of bit streams may be equal to a quantity of bit levels (e.g., M bit levels from MSB to LSB) . The first bit stream may correspond to MSBs of the input bits. The first bit stream may be shaped via the distribution matcher 320. The additional bit streams (e.g., through ) may remain uniform (e.g., unshaped) , and may be input into the encoder 315. The uniform bits may have a probability value of 0.5 (e.g., may be equally likely to be a 1 or a 0) .
[0131] An output of the bit-level distribution matcher 320 (e.g., the shaped bits ) and the additional bit streams (e.g., the uniform bit streams through ) may be input into the encoder 315 (e.g., for encoding according to an entry H) . The output nγuniform bits and an output of the encoder may be input into the sign generator 335, and an output of the encoder 315 corresponding to encoded and through may be input into the bits-to-symbol mapper 325. In some examples, the bits-to-symbol mapper 325 may perform a procedure such as a Gray labeling procedure, or a natural labeling procedure, among other examples. A sequence output from the sign generator 335 and a sequence sn output from the bits-to-symbol mapper 325 may be input into the sign multiplier 330 for sign multiplication, and the sign multiplier 330 may output a modulated message for transmission to the receiving device.
[0132] The bit-level shaping via the bit-level distribution matcher 320 may allow for shaping of only some bits (e.g., the MSBs) , without shaping all bits, and may result in shaping performance significant to satisfy a target distribution. Such bit-level shaping may be more efficient than symbol-level shaping (e.g., may reduce complexity of the shaping) . Such reduced complexity may be achieved because the bit-level distribution matcher 320 may depend on the underlying alphabet for symbol-based shaping. If the underlying alphabet changes (e.g., the QAM changes) , then the alphabet may change, in which case the complexity of the shaping may significantly increase. However, for bit-level distribution matching, the input and output of the distribution matcher 320 may be binary. However, if the size of n is large, then the UE may still experience a significant delay in distribution matching. Alternatively, if the size of n is small, entropy may be limited and shaping by the distribution matcher may be limited (e.g., may miss the target) .
[0133] To achieve bit-level shaping to satisfy a shaping target, the device may rely on multiple small-block distribution matchers, and concatenation of output sequences from the multiple small-block distribution matchers. However, each small-block distribution matcher may perform distribution matching according to respective distribution values. Internal or external signaling indicating which values to utilize for each distribution matcher (e.g., which may change over time) may result in increased processing complexity and latency. If a relationship between the input bits (e.g., the MSBs) and the respective distribution values for each distribution matcher is defined, then the device may perform the distribution matching via the small-block distribution matchers, concatenate the output sequences, and perform the shaping procedures while conserving time and computational resources without significantly increasing processing time or complexity.
[0134] In some examples, such a relationship may be defined by a lookup table. Such a lookup table may define relationships between subsets of bits (e.g., subsets of a bit stream of MSBs ) , and sets of distribution values. As described herein, the device may concatenate several small bit-level distribution matchers and the concatenation may be realized by using a relationship (e.g., a lookup table) for the MSB level bit stream. The small bit-level distribution matchers may be bit-level constant composition distribution matcher (e.g., CCDM) , in which case a constant composition is imposed on the output of the distribution matcher. For instance, over a sequence of length 100, for a distribution value of 0.7, in a CCDM deployment, the output of the encoded sequence may be subject to an imposed composition of 70 bits set to 0 and 30 bits set to 1 (e.g., or vice versa) . However, while satisfying the imposed condition, the position of 0s and 1s may be different in the output sequence (e.g., a determinable quantity of permutations of 0s and 1s may be available) . In some examples, the small bit-level distribution matchers may be bit-level energy-based distribution matchers, in which case an energy of the output sequence may be less than a threshold (e.g., a quantity of 1s in the output sequence must be less than a threshold to ensure that an output energy does not exceed a threshold) . While satisfying the imposed energy threshold, the position of 0s and 1s may be different in the output sequence (e.g., a determinable quantity of permutations of 0s and 1s may be available) . The imposition of the energy threshold (e.g., applying a distribution value that is an energy shaping value of E) or the imposition of a CCDM threshold (e.g., applying a probability distribution value of P) may result in shaping by the distribution matcher.
[0135] Subsets of input bits to the distribution matcher (e.g., subsets of ) may be encoded to indicate which distribution values to apply to the multiple distribution values. A relationship between candidate subsets of bits and candidate distribution values for the distribution matches may be defined (e.g., in one or more lookup tables) , as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 4-6.
[0136] FIG. 4 shows an example of an encoding scheme 400 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The encoding scheme 400 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, and the encoding scheme 300. For example, a device (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may encode wireless signaling utilizing one or more distribution matchers 405, as described with reference to FIG. 4. The distribution matchers 405 may be examples of distribution matcher 220 or a distribution matcher 320. In some examples, a large distribution matcher may include multiple distribution matchers 405.
[0137] Each distribution matcher 405 may perform distribution according to a distribution value. For example, the distribution matchers 405 may be examples of CCDMs, and the distribution values may be probability distribution values (P) . The distribution values for each distribution matcher may be indicated by a relationship between input subsets of bits u and sets of corresponding probability distribution values. In some examples, such a relationship may be defined or configured via a lookup table (e.g., such as the lookup table 410, which is an example of a possible lookup table illustrative of techniques described herein) . A lookup table (e.g., for a CCDM as described with reference to FIG. 4, or an energy-based distribution matcher as described with reference to FIG. 5) may be a 2J×J lookup table. Each row of the lookup table may indicate a vector of J probability distributions (e.g., J probability distribution values) over {0, 1} with possible replications. The rows of the lookup table may be indexed from 0 to 2J-1. An input of J bits (e.g., uJ= (u1, u2…, uJ) ) may be interpreted as an unsigned integer index in accordance with Equation 9:
[0138] The row of the lookup table with index X is selected, and the resulting probability distributions are PX (1) , PX (2) , ..., PX (J) . For j=1, 2, …, J, a probability distribution of PX (j) together with an output sequence length n (j) determines a target composition kX (j) over {0, 1} , of a respective constant composition distribution matcher 405 (e.g., a CCDM) . For j=1, 2, …, J, a CCDM corresponding to composition kX (j) may take as a ninput a sequence of bits having length composition kx (j) , and may output a sequence of bits having a length of composition n (j) (e.g., which does not depend on the value of X) in accordance with Equation 10 (e.g., where the curly brackets stand for a multinomial coefficient) :
[0139] In some examples, the value of kX (j) may be an integer that is below the right hand side (RHS) of Equation 10 (e.g., the RHS of Equation 10 defines a threshold (e.g., maximum) value for a sequence of bits having length kX (j) ) . In some examples, a delta value (e.g., quantity) may be a function of n (j) and a CCDM corresponding to composition kX (j) (e.g., or EX (j) ) that is subtracted to obtain kX (j) . In some examples, the left hand side (LHS) of Equation 10 may be obtained as the RHS of Equation 10 minus the delta value of (j) and EX (j) .
[0140] In some examples, a target probability distribution (e.g., P*) may be selected to apply over the MSB level. For CCDM scenarios, the constraint on having an output sequence having a composition k*determined by the target probability distribution P*may lead to a large rate loss (e.g., at some lengths, such as a small to medium length) . According to techniques described herein, the J probability distirbutions may be utilized to introduce statistical variation on the shaped output sequence over a bit level (e.g., an MSB) . Instead of using a single target composition k* for the MSB level, multiple probability distributions may be involved (e.g., different probability levels over time at different distribution matcher 405) , and each probability distribution may give rise to a respective target composition. Thus, information encoded into the selection of rows of a lookup table may support target compositions at each of the multiple distribution matchers, each of the multiple distribution matchers may output small sequences (e.g., saving time and improving throughput) , and the small sequences may be output to satisfy target compositions at each distribution matcher and then concatenated into a single sequence for FEC encoding, etc. Such techniques may improve throughput, decrease latency, and improve efficiency allocation of available computational resources (e.g., without an associated cost in effectiveness of shaping with small n values or associated delay with large n values) .
[0141] The lookup table 410 illustrates an example of a lookup table including Jdistinct target probability distributions (e.g., J distribution values, such as target binary probability distributions) . For instance, each row of the lookup table 410 may indicate Jdistribution values Each of the J distribution values may represent a shaping value, or a probability that a given bit will be set as a 0 or a 1. In some examples, each of the J distribution values may represent a quantity of 0s and a quantity of 1s that will be output as part of a an output sequence according to the distribution matching using the distribution values. In some examples, each of the distribution values may correspond to a different distribution value. In some examples, a combination of the J distribution values may be implemented to achieve an overall target shaping or target probability for an output sequence (e.g., each distribution matcher 405 may generate a shaped output sequence, and when concatenated the output shaped sequences may satisfy an overall shaping target) .
[0142] The configuration of the distributions (e.g., may be predetermined and stored (e.g., in the lookup table, such as the lookup table 410) . Each row of the lookup table may correspond to a realization of four input information bits. The total quantity of information bits may be defined in accordance with Equation 11: k1=4+kX (1) +kX (2) +kX (3) +kX (4) . (11)
[0143] The lookup table 410 may indicate (e.g., configure or be configured with) 2Jpossible combinations of distribution values out of a total of JJ possible choices. For instance, the lookup table 410 may illustrate a scenario where J=4, and the distribution matchers 405 are CCDMs. Thus, each segment of a bit stream (e.g., u4) may include four input bits, which may correspond to four respective distribution values (e.g., probability distribution values
[0144] In such examples, the device may read in the first subset of bits, and map the subset of bits to a corresponding row of the lookup table 410. The corresponding row of the lookup table 410 may indicate a set of distribution values (e.g., probability distribution values) corresponding to the distribution matchers 405. As the device reads the input bits uJ into the distribution matchers 405, the input bits may be separated into J (e.g., four) streams or input sequences (e.g., and ) . The distribution matchers 405 may perform distribution matching to the input sequences according to the probability distribution values indicated by the corresponding subsets of input bits (e.g., according to the lookup table 410) , and may output shaped sequences (e.g., sn (1) , sn (2) , sn (3) , and sn (4) ) .
[0145] For instance, the device may read a first subset of input bits (e.g., 0000 for J=4) into the distribution matchers 405. The input bits 0000 may indicate a first row in the lookup table 410, which may correspond to the probability distribution values In such examples, the device may map the subset of input bits (e.g., 0000) to the respective distribution matchers (e.g., 0 to distribution matcher 405-a, 0 to distribution matcher 405-b, 0 to distribution matcher 405-c, and 0 to distribution matcher 405-d) , and may similarly apply a probability distribution value to a corresponding distribution matcher 405 (e.g., to the distribution matcher 405-a, to the distribution matcher 405-b, to the distribution matcher 405-c, and to the distribution matcher 405-d) . In some examples, each probability distribution matcher may indicate a probability that a bit will be set as a 0 or a 1 (e.g., a percent probability, any value between 0 and 1, such as 0.9, 0.7, 0.43, 0.46, etc. ) . Each distribution matcher 405 may perform distribution matching on the input sequences (e.g., the subset of bits read into the distribution matchers 405) according to the indicated probability distribution values. Similarly, the device may read a second subset of input bits into the distribution matchers 405 (e.g., 0010) . The subset of input bits (e.g., 0010) may indicate another row in the lookup table 410, which may correspond to the probability distribution values In such examples, the device may map the subset of input bits (e.g., 0010) to the respective distribution matchers 405 (e.g., 0 to distribution matcher 405-a, 0 to distribution matcher 405-b, 1 to distribution matcher 405-c, and 0 to distribution matcher 405-d) , and may similarly apply a probability distribution value to a corresponding distribution matcher 405 (e.g., to the distribution matcher 405-a, to the distribution matcher 405-b, to the distribution matcher 405-c, and to the distribution matcher 405-d) . Each distribution matcher 405 may perform distribution matching on the input sequences (e.g., the subset of bits read into the distribution matchers 405) according to the indicated probability distribution values.
[0146] The distribution matchers 405 may output shaped bit sequences. For example, the distribution matcher 405-a, the distribution matcher 405-b, the distribution matcher 405-c, and the distribution matcher 405-d may generate, respectively, sn (1) , sn (2) , sn (3) , and sn (4) . The four output sequences may be concatenated together, forming a longer sequence where The sequences lengths may be predetermined in accordance with Equation 12 (e.g., where n is a multiple of 4) :
[0147] In some examples of equation 12, n is the amplitude sequence length. In some examples, n is a multiple of 4. If n is not a multiple of 4, then one or more values of n (e.g., n (1) , n (2) , and n (3) ) may be defined as the floor of and n (4) =n-n (1) -n (2) -n (3) , or the sum of n values (e.g., the sum of four values is equal to n) .
[0148] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may decode the received signal. In some examples, the decoding may include distribution dematching via multiple distribution dematchers. The device may perform distribution dematching by decomposing a received sequence into multiple smaller sequences (e.g., and ) . The composition of each block may be read off, and the information bit sequences and the selection information can be recovered (e.g., according to the lookup table 410 or another lookup table) . That is, the device may read in the bits of the smaller sequences (e.g., and ) into the distribution dematchers (e.g., four distribution dematchers for J=4. The input bits may map to the probability distribution values used to shape the input bits into the output sequences, which may be used to recover the subsets of input bits.
[0149] In some examples, the distribution matching via multiple distribution matchers may be performed based on a relationship between subsets of input bits, and distribution values that may include energy shaping values. Such a relationship may be defined in one or more lookup tables, as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5.
[0150] FIG. 5 shows an example of an encoding scheme 500 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The encoding scheme 500 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the encoding scheme 300, and the encoding scheme 400. For example, a device (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may encode wireless signaling utilizing one or more distribution matchers 505, as described with reference to FIG. 5. The distribution matchers 505 may be examples of a distribution matcher 220, a distribution matcher 320, or a distribution matcher 405. In some examples, a large distribution matcher may include multiple distribution matchers 505.
[0151] Each distribution matcher 505 may perform distribution according to a distribution value. For example, the distribution matchers 505 may be examples of energy-based distribution matchers, and the distribution values may be energy shaping values (E) . The distribution values for each distribution matcher may be indicated by a relationship between input subsets of bits u and sets of corresponding energy shaping values. In some examples, such a relationship may be defined or configured via a lookup table (e.g., such as the lookup table 510, which is an example of a possible lookup table illustrative of techniques described herein) . A lookup table (e.g., for a CCDM as described with reference to FIG. 4, or an energy-based distribution matcher as described with reference to FIG. 5) may be a 2J×J lookup table. Each row of the lookup table may indicate a vector of J probability distributions (e.g., J energy shaping values) over {0, 1} with possible replications. The rows of the lookup table may be indexed from 0 to 2J-1. An input of J bits (e.g., uJ= (u1, u2…, uJ) ) may be interpreted as an unsigned integer index in accordance with Equation 13:
[0152] The row of the lookup table with index X is selected, and the resulting energy shaping values are EX (1) , EX (2) , ..., EX (J) . Forj=1, 2, …, J, an energy shaping value of EX (j) together with an output sequence length n (j) determines an input sequence length of kX (j) satisfying Equation 14:
[0153] The term Nc (n (j) , EX (j) ) standards for a total quantity of sequences over {0, 1} having a length n (j) and at most a quantity of EX (j) bits set to 1. A set or subset of input bits having a length of kX (j) is encoded by bit-level energy-based distribution matching j and outputs a sequence of bits (e.g., sn) having a length n (j) . The value of kX (j) may be an integer that is below the right hand side (RHS) of Equation 14 (e.g., the RHS of Equation 14 defines a threshold (e.g., maximum) value for kX (j) ) . In some examples, a delta value (e.g., quantity) may be a function of n (j) and EX (j) that is subtracted to obtain kX (j) . Thus, the left hand side (LHS) of Equation 14 may be obtained as the RHS of Equation 14 minus the delta value of (j) and EX (j) .
[0154] The lookup table 510 illustrates an example of a lookup table including Jdistinct target energy values (e.g., J distribution values, such as target energy shaping values) . For instance, each row of the lookup table 510 may indicate J distribution values and Each of the J distribution values and may represent a shaping value, or threshold amount of energy not to be exceeded by a respective distribution matcher 505 (e.g., a quantity of 1s in an output sequence is not to exceed a threshold quantity that would result in exceeding the threshold energy level) . In some examples, each of the distribution values may correspond to a different distribution value. In some examples, a combination of the Jdistribution values and may be implemented to achieve an overall target shaping for an output sequence (e.g., each distribution matcher 505 may generate a shaped output sequence, and when concatenated the output shaped sequences for multiple distribution matchers 505 may satisfy an overall shaping target) .
[0155] The configuration of the distributions (e.g., may be predetermined and stored (e.g., in the lookup table, such as the lookup table 510) . Each row of the lookup table may correspond to a realization of four input information bits. The lookup table 510 may indicate (e.g., configure or be configured with) 2J possible combinations of distribution values out of a total of JJ possible choices. For instance, the lookup table 410 may illustrate a scenario where J=4, and the distribution matchers 505 are energy-based distribution matchers. Thus, each segment of a bit stream (e.g., u4) may include four input bits, which may correspond to four respective distribution values (e.g., energy shaping values ) . The device may use bit-level energy-based distribution matching to encode each input bit stream (e.g., each subset of bits) into one sequence of length n (j) , where an energy does not exceed (e.g., is at most) EX (j) .
[0156] In such examples, the device may read in the first subset of bits, and map the subset of bits to a corresponding row of the lookup table 510. The corresponding row of the lookup table 410 may indicate a set of distribution values (e.g., energy shaping values) corresponding to the distribution matchers 505. As the device reads the input bits uJ into the distribution matchers 505, the input bits may be separated into J (e.g., four) streams or input sequences (e.g., and ) . The distribution matchers 505 may perform distribution matching to the input sequences according to the energy shaping values indicated by the corresponding subsets of input bits (e.g., according to the lookup table 510) , and may output shaped sequences (e.g., sn (1) , sn (2) , sn (3) , and sn (4) ) .
[0157] For instance, the device may read a first subset of input bits (e.g., 0000 for J=4) into the distribution matchers 505. The input bits 0000 may indicate a first row in the lookup table 510, which may correspond to the energy shaping values In such examples, the device may map the subset of input bits (e.g., 0000) to the respective distribution matchers (e.g., 0 to distribution matcher 505-a, 0 to distribution matcher 505-b, 0 to distribution matcher 505-c, and 0 to distribution matcher 505-d) , and may similarly apply an energy shaping value to a corresponding distribution matcher 505 (e.g., to the distribution matcher 505-a, to the distribution matcher 505-b, to the distribution matcher 505-c, and to the distribution matcher 505-d) . Each distribution matcher 505 may perform distribution matching on the input sequences (e.g., the subset of bits read into the distribution matchers 505) according to the indicated energy shaping values.
[0158] Similarly, the device may read a second subset of input bits into the distribution matchers 505 (e.g., 0010) . The subset of input bits (e.g., 0010) may indicate another row in the lookup table 510, which may correspond to the energy shaping values In such examples, the device may map the subset of input bits (e.g., 0010) to the respective distribution matchers 505 (e.g., 0 to distribution matcher 505-a, 0 to distribution matcher 505-b, 1 to distribution matcher 505-c, and 0 to distribution matcher 505-d) , and may similarly apply an energy shaping value to a corresponding distribution matcher 505 (e.g., to the distribution matcher 505-a, to the distribution matcher 505-b, to the distribution matcher 505-c, and to the distribution matcher 505-d) . Each distribution matcher 505 may perform distribution matching on the input sequences (e.g., the subset of bits read into the distribution matchers 505) according to the indicated energy shaping values.
[0159] A receiving device (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may decode the received signal. In some examples, the decoding may include distribution dematching via multiple distribution dematchers. The device may perform distribution dematching by decomposing a received sequence into multiple smaller sequences (e.g., and ) . The composition of each block may be read off, and the information bit sequences and the selection information can be recovered (e.g., according to the lookup table 510 or another lookup table) . That is, the device may read in the bits of the smaller sequences (e.g., and ) into the distribution dematchers (e.g., four distribution dematchers for J=4. The input bits may map to the energy shaping values used to shape the input bits into the output sequences at the transmitting device, which may be used to recover the subsets of input bits.
[0160] FIG. 6 shows an example of an encoding scheme 600 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The encoding scheme 600 may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the encoding scheme 300, the encoding scheme 400, and the encoding scheme 500. For example, a device (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may encode wireless signaling utilizing one or more distribution matchers 620, as described with reference to FIG. 6. The distribution matchers 620 may be examples of a distribution matcher 220, a distribution matcher 320, a distribution matcher 405, or a distribution matcher 505. In some examples, a large distribution matcher may include multiple distribution matchers 620.
[0161] A transmitting device may perform encoding according to a multi-bit-level probabilistic shaping transmission architecture. The device may perform the shaping on multiple bit levels in parallel. For example, as described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 3, k information bits may be input into the demultiplexer 605, which may output bits (e.g., output uγn uniform bits to be input into the encoder 615, and information bits uk to be input into the bit-level demultiplexer 610) . The Bit-level demultiplexer 610 may demultiplex the uk input bits into multiple bit streams (e.g., ) . One of the bit streams (e.g., ) may be input into the distribution matcher 320 and transformed into a bit sequence of length n (e.g., ) . The first bit stream may correspond to MSBs of the input bits. The first bit stream may be shaped via the distribution matcher 620-a. The additional bit streams (e.g., through ) may also be shaped via additional bit-level distribution matchers 620, and may be input into the encoder 615. For example, may correspond to LSBs of the uk input bits. Multiple bit levels may be distribution matched (e.g., as described with reference to FIGs. 3-5) . Each level of distribution matching may consist of (e.g., include) multiple small distribution matchers, and the configuration information for the distribution matchers may be based on (e.g., indicated by) relationships between subsets of each bit stream, and distribution values (e.g., as indicated by one or more lookup tables) .
[0162] Each distribution matcher 620 may output shaped bits. For instance, the distribution matcher 620-a (e.g., which may include multiple small distribution matchers generating small output sequences) may output shaped bits the distribution matcher 620-b (e.g., which may include multiple small distribution matchers generating small output sequences) may output shaped bits and the distribution matcher 620-c (e.g., which may include multiple small distribution matchers generating small output sequences) may output shaped bits The outputs and may be input into the encoder 61 (e.g., for encoding according to an entry H) . The output uniform bits and an output of the encoder may be input into the sign generator 635, and an output of the encoder 615 corresponding to encoded and may be input into the bits-to-symbol mapper 625. In some examples, the bits-to-symbol mapper 625 may perform a procedure such as a Gray labeling procedure, or a natural labeling procedure, among other examples. A sequence output from the sign generator 635 and a sequence snoutput from the bits-to-symbol mapper 625 may be input into the sign multiplier 630 for sign multiplication, and the sign multiplier 630 may output a modulated message for transmission to the receiving device.
[0163] The distribution matching performed via the distribution matcher 620-a, the distribution matcher 620-b, and the distribution matcher 620-c may be performed according to a relationship between subsets of bit sequences and probability distribution values (e.g., according to a lookup table such as the lookup table 410) , or according to a relationship between subsets of bit sequences and energy shaping values (e.g., according to a lookup table such as the lookup table 510) .
[0164] FIG. 7 shows an example of a process flow 700 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow may implement, or be implemented by, aspects of the wireless communications system 100, the wireless communications system 200, the encoding scheme 300, the encoding scheme 400, the encoding scheme 500, and the encoding scheme 600. For example, a wireless device 705 (e.g., a transmitting device, such as a UE 115 or a network entity 105) may encode wireless signaling for transmission to a wireless device 705 (e.g., a UE 115 or a network entity 105) .
[0165] At 720, the wireless device 705 may generate a set of input bits (e.g., for probability matching) . The set of input bits may include MSBs of a sequence of information bits.
[0166] At 725, the wireless device 705 may input blocks of bits (e.g., sets of ) into multiple distribution matchers. A distribution value at each distribution matcher for each block of bits may be in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of multiple candidate distribution values, and each respective block of bits of the multiple blocks of bits. In some examples, the wireless device 705 may map each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers. A first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits may correspond to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher. For example, a first block of bits may index a row of a lookup table (e.g., the lookup table 410 or the lookup table 510) , and the row of the lookup table may indicate (e.g., according to the defined relationship) a set of distribution values to be applied to the respective distribution matchers of the multiple distribution matchers. The wireless device 705 may map each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers. A second entry in the lookup table may correspond to the second block of bits and may indicate a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher.
[0167] In some examples, the wireless device 705 may change a distribution value at each distribution matcher each time a new block of bits is input to the multiple distribution matchers according to a respective set of distribution values for each of the distribution matchers indicated in the lookup table by each respective block of bits. The wireless device 705 may output multiple output sequences from the multiple distribution matchers (e.g., ) ) in accordance with the changing distribution values.
[0168] At 730, the wireless device 705 may concatenate multiple output sequences from the multiple distribution matchers (e.g., ) . The multiple output sequences may include a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value.
[0169] In some examples, the wireless device 705 may perform distribution matching at 725 and concatenation of output sequences at 730 on multiple streams (e.g., instead of a single bit-level stream) . Such techniques are described in greater detail with reference to FIG. 6. In some examples, the wireless device 705 may input at least a second set of blocks of bits into a second set of multiple distribution matchers. A distribution value at each respective distribution matchers for each block of bits of the second set of blocks of bits may be in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the multiple distribution values and each respective block of bits of the multiple blocks of bits (e.g., as indicated by a lookup table) . He wireless device 705 may concatenate (e.g., at 730) a second set of output sequences from the second set of distribution matchers, the second set of output sequences including a second non-uniform sequence that satisfies the probabilistic shaping target value. The wireless message transmitted at 735 may be based on (e.g., shaped according to) the first non-uniform sequence (e.g., from a first set of distribution matchers for MSBs) , and the second non-uniform sequence (e.g., from a second set of distribution matchers for LSBs) . Such techniques may be applied to any quantity of bit streams (e.g., and all bit levels from MSB to LSB, etc. ) .
[0170] In some examples, the wireless device 705 may encode a wireless message based on the non-uniform sequence. I some examples, the wireless device 705 may perform FEC encoding on the non-uniform sequence, apply a sign generation to a first output of the FEC encoding procedure, perform bit to symbol mapping on a second output of the FEC encoding procedure, and apply a sign multiplication to an output of the sign generation and an output of the bit to symbol mapping (e.g., as described in greater detail with reference to FIGs. 3 and 6) .
[0171] At 735, the wireless device 705 may transmit (e.g., to the wireless device 710) a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0172] At 740, the wireless device 710 may generate a sequence of blocks of bits. For example, the wireless device 710 may receive the wireless message (e.g., at 735) , and may initiate a decoding process to generate the sequence including the multiple blocks of bits.
[0173] At 745, the wireless device 710 may input the multiple blocks of bits into multiple distribution dematchers, and a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values and each respective block of bits (e.g., as indicated by a lookup table) .
[0174] The wireless device 710 may map each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher. A first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits may indicate a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher. The wireless device 710 may also map each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher. A second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits may indicate a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher. The wireless device 710 may change a distribution value at each distribution dematcher each time a new block of bits is input to the multiple distribution dematchers according to a respective set of distribution values for the distribution dematchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits.
[0175] In some examples, the wireless device 710 may perform multiple distribution dematcher procedures on multiple streams of bits (e.g., instead of a single stream of bits) , according to a distribution matching procedure described with reference to FIG. 6. In such examples, the wireless device 710 may input a second set of blocks of bits of a second set of bits into a second set of distribution dematchers. A distribution value at each of the respective distribution dematchers for each block of bits of the second set of blocks of bits may be in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the multiple blocks of bits.
[0176] At 750, the wireless device 710 may generate information bits based on the distribution dematching. For example, the wireless device 710 may generate information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the multiple blocks of bits via the multiple distribution dematchers.
[0177] In some examples, the relationship between blocks of bits and respective sets of distribution values may be defined by a relationship, which may be configured, preconfigured, determined at the wireless device 705, or defined in one or more standards documents. Each row of the lookup table may correspond to a candidate block of bits (e.g., for J=4, 0000, 0100, 0010, 0001, 1000, etc. ) and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution matchers (e.g., for J=4, or In some examples, the relationship may be defined by a lookup table, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table may include a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a bits associated with a distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value (e.g., between 0 and 1) . The lookup table 410 is an example of such a lookup table. In some examples, each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table may include an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a set of bits associated with a distribution matcher of the multiple distribution matchers will satisfy an energy threshold. The lookup table 510 is an example of such a lookup table.
[0178] In some examples, the wireless device 705 (e.g., the transmitting device) may be configured with the relationship (e.g., the lookup table) . For instance, the wireless device 705 may be a UE 115, and the wireless device 710 may be a network entity 105. The wireless device 705 may receive control signaling (e.g., at 715) indicating a lookup table (e.g., the lookup table 410 or the lookup table 510) . In some examples, the wireless device 705 may switch between multiple lookup tables, or types of lookup tables. For example, the wireless device 705 may be configured (e.g., via the control signaling 715) or preconfigured with a first lookup table (e.g., corresponding to probability distribution values) and a second lookup table (e.g., corresponding to energy shaping values) . The wireless device 705 may receive control signaling (e.g., from the wireless device 710) instructing the wireless device 705 to switch from one lookup table to the other lookup table, or instructing the wireless device 705 to utilize (e.g., for a next wireless transmission, or for a duration of time, among other examples) one of the candidate lookup tables. In some examples, the wireless device 705 may autonomously select one of the candidate lookup tables according to one or more conditions (e.g., if one or more conditions are satisfied, the wireless device 705 may use one of the lookup tables, if the one or more conditions are not satisfied (e.g., or if a second set of conditions are satisfied) , then the wireless device 705 may use the other lookup table) . In some such cases, the wireless device 710 may decode the wireless message (e.g., may perform distribution dematching) according to the relationship (e.g., the lookup table) utilized by the wireless device 705 (e.g., as indicated to the wireless device 705 at 715 at 715) .
[0179] In some examples, the transmitting wireless device 705 may be a network entity 105 (e.g., and the receiving wireless device 710 may be a UE 115) . In some such cases, the wireless device 705 may transmit an indication of a relationship (e.g., lookup table) utilized in encoding the wireless message. In such examples, the wireless device 705 may configure the wireless device 710 with the lookup tables, or an indication of which lookup table to use, and the wireless device 710 may decode the wireless message (e.g., may perform distribution dematching) using the indicated relationship (e.g., lookup table) .
[0180] FIG. 8 shows a diagram 800 of a device 805 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 805 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 805 may include a receiver 810, a transmitter 815, and a communications manager 820. The device 805, or one or more components of the device 805 (e.g., the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0181] The receiver 810 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 805. The receiver 810 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0182] The transmitter 815 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 805. For example, the transmitter 815 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . In some examples, the transmitter 815 may be co-located with a receiver 810 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 815 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0183] The communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0184] In some examples, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0185] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 820, the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0186] In some examples, the communications manager 820 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both. For example, the communications manager 820 may receive information from the receiver 810, send information to the transmitter 815, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0187] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The communications manager 820 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0188] By including or configuring the communications manager 820 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 805 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 810, the transmitter 815, the communications manager 820, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for encoding and transmission resulting in increased throughput, improved rates, decreased latency, and more efficient use of computational resources, among other examples.
[0189] FIG. 9 shows a diagram 900 of a device 905 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of aspects of a device 805 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may include a receiver 910, a transmitter 915, and a communications manager 920. The device 905, or one of more components of the device 905 (e.g., the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, the communications manager 920) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0190] The receiver 910 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 905. The receiver 910 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0191] The transmitter 915 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 905. For example, the transmitter 915 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . In some examples, the transmitter 915 may be co-located with a receiver 910 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 915 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0192] The device 905, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 920 may include a bit generation manager 925, a distribution matching manager 930, a concatenation manager 935, an encoding manager 940, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 920 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 920, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both. For example, the communications manager 920 may receive information from the receiver 910, send information to the transmitter 915, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 910, the transmitter 915, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0193] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The bit generation manager 925 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The distribution matching manager 930 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The concatenation manager 935 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The encoding manager 940 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0194] FIG. 10 shows a diagram 1000 of a communications manager 1020 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1020 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 820, a communications manager 920, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1020, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1020 may include a bit generation manager 1025, a distribution matching manager 1030, a concatenation manager 1035, an encoding manager 1040, a mapping manager 1045, a distribution value manager 1050, a lookup table manager 1055, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0195] The communications manager 1020 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The bit generation manager 1025 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The distribution matching manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The concatenation manager 1035 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The encoding manager 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0196] In some examples, to support inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into the set of multiple distribution matchers, the mapping manager 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher. In some examples, to support inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into the set of multiple distribution matchers, the mapping manager 1045 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher.
[0197] In some examples, the distribution value manager 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for changing a distribution value at each distribution matcher each time a new block of bits is input to the set of multiple distribution matchers according to a respective set of distribution values for each of the distribution matchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits. In some examples, the distribution value manager 1050 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for outputting the set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers in accordance with changing the distribution values.
[0198] In some examples, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table include a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0199] In some examples, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table includes an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0200] In some examples, a lookup table indicating the relationship includes a set of multiple rows, each row corresponding to a candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution matchers of the set of multiple distribution matchers.
[0201] In some examples, the distribution matching manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a second set of multiple blocks of bits into a second set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matchers for each block of bits of the second set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. In some examples, the distribution matching manager 1030 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating a second set of multiple output sequences from the second set of multiple distribution matchers, the second set of multiple output sequences including a second non-uniform sequence that satisfies the probabilistic shaping target value, where transmitting the wireless message is in accordance with the second non-uniform sequence.
[0202] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, where performing distribution matching via the set of multiple distribution matchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0203] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, where each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including energy shaping values, and where each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including distribution probability values, where the relationship is indicated one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0204] In some examples, the switching is in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0205] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1055 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, where performing distribution matching via the set of multiple distribution matchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0206] In some examples, the encoding manager 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing a forward error correction encoding procedure on the non-uniform sequence. In some examples, the encoding manager 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying a sign generation to a first output of the forward error correction encoding procedure. In some examples, the encoding manager 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing bit to symbol mapping on a second output of the forward error correction encoding procedure. In some examples, the encoding manager 1040 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for applying a sign multiplication to an output of the sign generation and an output of the bit to symbol mapping, where transmitting the wireless message is in accordance with the forward error correction encoding procedure, the sign generation, the bit to symbol mapping, and the sign multiplication.
[0207] FIG. 11 shows a diagram of a system 1100 including a device 1105 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1105 may be an example of or include components of a device 805, a device 905, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 1105 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 1105 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 1120, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 1110, a transceiver 1115, one or more antennas 1125, at least one memory 1130, code 1135, and at least one processor 1140. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1145) .
[0208] The I / O controller 1110 may manage input and output signals for the device 1105. The I / O controller 1110 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 1105. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 1110 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 1110 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 1140. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 1105 via the I / O controller 1110 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1110.
[0209] In some cases, the device 1105 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 1105 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1115 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 1125 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1115 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1115 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1125 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1125. The transceiver 1115, or the transceiver 1115 and one or more antennas 1125, may be an example of a transmitter 815, a transmitter 915, a receiver 810, a receiver 910, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0210] The at least one memory 1130 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 1130 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1135. The code 1135 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 1140, cause the device 1105 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1135 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1135 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 1140 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1130 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0211] The at least one processor 1140 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 1140. The at least one processor 1140 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 1130) to cause the device 1105 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . For example, the device 1105 or a component of the device 1105 may include at least one processor 1140 and at least one memory 1130 coupled with or to the at least one processor 1140, the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0212] In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1130 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1140 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1140) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1130) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1140 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1140 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1105 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 1135 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 1130 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0213] The communications manager 1120 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The communications manager 1120 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0214] By including or configuring the communications manager 1120 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1105 may support techniques for encoding and transmission resulting in increased throughput, improved rates, decreased latency, improved coordination between devices, decreased signaling overhead, and more efficient use of computational resources, among other examples.
[0215] In some examples, the communications manager 1120 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1115, the one or more antennas 1125, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1120 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1120 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 1140, the at least one memory 1130, the code 1135, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 1135 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 1140 to cause the device 1105 to perform various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein, or the at least one processor 1140 and the at least one memory 1130 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0216] FIG. 12 shows a diagram 1200 of a device 1205 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1205 may be an example of aspects of a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1205 may include a receiver 1210, a transmitter 1215, and a communications manager 1220. The device 1205, or one or more components of the device 1205 (e.g., the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0217] The receiver 1210 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1205. In some examples, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1210 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0218] The transmitter 1215 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1205. For example, the transmitter 1215 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1215 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1215 and the receiver 1210 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0219] The communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0220] In some examples, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0221] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 1220, the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0222] In some examples, the communications manager 1220 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both. For example, the communications manager 1220 may receive information from the receiver 1210, send information to the transmitter 1215, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0223] The communications manager 1220 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 1220 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0224] By including or configuring the communications manager 1220 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1205 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 1210, the transmitter 1215, the communications manager 1220, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for encoding and transmission resulting in increased throughput, improved rates, decreased latency, and more efficient use of computational resources, among other examples.
[0225] FIG. 13 shows a diagram 1300 of a device 1305 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1305 may be an example of aspects of a device 1205 or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1305 may include a receiver 1310, a transmitter 1315, and a communications manager 1320. The device 1305, or one of more components of the device 1305 (e.g., the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, the communications manager 1320) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0226] The receiver 1310 may provide a means for obtaining (e.g., receiving, determining, identifying) information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 1305. In some examples, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the receiver 1310 may support obtaining information by receiving signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof.
[0227] The transmitter 1315 may provide a means for outputting (e.g., transmitting, providing, conveying, sending) information generated by other components of the device 1305. For example, the transmitter 1315 may output information such as user data, control information, or any combination thereof (e.g., I / Q samples, symbols, packets, protocol data units, service data units) associated with various channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels, channels associated with a protocol stack) . In some examples, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more antennas. Additionally, or alternatively, the transmitter 1315 may support outputting information by transmitting signals via one or more wired (e.g., electrical, fiber optic) interfaces, wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the transmitter 1315 and the receiver 1310 may be co-located in a transceiver, which may include or be coupled with a modem.
[0228] The device 1305, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1320 may include a decoding manager 1325, a distribution dematching manager 1330, a bit generation manager 1335, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 1320 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 1320, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both. For example, the communications manager 1320 may receive information from the receiver 1310, send information to the transmitter 1315, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 1310, the transmitter 1315, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0229] The communications manager 1320 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The decoding manager 1325 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The distribution dematching manager 1330 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The bit generation manager 1335 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0230] FIG. 14 shows a diagram 1400 of a communications manager 1420 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 1420 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 1220, a communications manager 1320, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 1420, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein. For example, the communications manager 1420 may include a decoding manager 1425, a distribution dematching manager 1430, a bit generation manager 1435, a mapping manager 1440, a distribution value manager 1445, a lookup table manager 1450, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) . The communications may include communications within a protocol layer of a protocol stack, communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack, within a device, component, or virtualized component associated with a network entity 105, between devices, components, or virtualized components associated with a network entity 105) , or any combination thereof.
[0231] The communications manager 1420 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The decoding manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The distribution dematching manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The bit generation manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0232] In some examples, the mapping manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher. In some examples, the mapping manager 1440 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher.
[0233] In some examples, the distribution value manager 1445 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for changing a distribution value at each distribution dematcher each time a new block of bits is input to the set of multiple distribution dematchers according to a respective set of distribution values for the distribution dematchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits, where generating the information bits is based at least in part on distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers. In some examples, the bit generation manager 1435 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0234] In some examples, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each of the distribution values for each entry in the lookup table include a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0235] In some examples, a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table includes an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a set of multiple bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0236] In some examples, a lookup table indicating the relationship includes a set of multiple rows, each row corresponding to a candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution dematchers of the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0237] In some examples, the distribution dematching manager 1430 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting a second set of multiple blocks of bits of a second set of bits into a second set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each of the respective distribution dematchers for each block of bits of the second set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits.
[0238] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, where performing distribution dematching via the set of multiple distribution dematchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0239] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, where each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including energy shaping values, and where each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values including distribution probability values, where the relationship is indicated by one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0240] In some examples, the switching is in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0241] In some examples, the lookup table manager 1450 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, where performing distribution dematching via the set of multiple distribution dematchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0242] In some examples, the decoding manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing bit-wise demapping procedure on a wireless signal, the decoding is in accordance with the bit-wise demapping procedure. In some examples, the decoding manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing bit-amplitude demapping procedure on an output of the decoding, where generating the sequence including the set of multiple blocks of bits in accordance with the bit-amplitude demapping procedure. In some examples, the decoding manager 1425 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for demultiplexing the set of multiple information bits.
[0243] FIG. 15 shows a diagram of a system 1500 including a device 1505 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1505 may be an example of or include components of a device 1205, a device 1305, or a network entity 105 as described herein. The device 1505 may communicate with other network devices or network equipment such as one or more of the network entities 105, UEs 115, or any combination thereof. The communications may include communications over one or more wired interfaces, over one or more wireless interfaces, or any combination thereof. The device 1505 may include components that support outputting and obtaining communications, such as a communications manager 1520, a transceiver 1510, one or more antennas 1515, at least one memory 1525, code 1530, and at least one processor 1535. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 1540) .
[0244] The transceiver 1510 may support bi-directional communications via wired links, wireless links, or both as described herein. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wired transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wired transceiver. Additionally, or alternatively, in some examples, the transceiver 1510 may include a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. In some examples, the device 1505 may include one or more antennas 1515, which may be capable of transmitting or receiving wireless transmissions (e.g., concurrently) . The transceiver 1510 may also include a modem to modulate signals, to provide the modulated signals for transmission (e.g., by one or more antennas 1515, by a wired transmitter) , to receive modulated signals (e.g., from one or more antennas 1515, from a wired receiver) , and to demodulate signals. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include one or more interfaces, such as one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various receiving or obtaining operations, or one or more interfaces coupled with the one or more antennas 1515 that are configured to support various transmitting or outputting operations, or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510 may include or be configured for coupling with one or more processors or one or more memory components that are operable to perform or support operations based on received or obtained information or signals, or to generate information or other signals for transmission or other outputting, or any combination thereof. In some implementations, the transceiver 1510, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515, or the transceiver 1510 and the one or more antennas 1515 and one or more processors or one or more memory components (e.g., the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, or both) , may be included in a chip or chip assembly that is installed in the device 1505. In some examples, the transceiver 1510 may be operable to support communications via one or more communications links (e.g., communication link (s) 125, backhaul communication link (s) 120, a midhaul communication link 162, a fronthaul communication link 168) .
[0245] The at least one memory 1525 may include RAM, ROM, or any combination thereof. The at least one memory 1525 may store computer-readable, computer- executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 1530. The code 1530 may include instructions that, when executed by one or more of the at least one processor 1535, cause the device 1505 to perform various functions described herein. The code 1530 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 1530 may not be directly executable by a processor of the at least one processor 1535 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 1525 may include, among other things, a BIOS which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein (for example, as part of a processing system) .
[0246] The at least one processor 1535 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into one or more of the at least one processor 1535. The at least one processor 1535 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., one or more of the at least one memory 1525) to cause the device 1505 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting distribution matcher designs with lookup tables) . For example, the device 1505 or a component of the device 1505 may include at least one processor 1535 and at least one memory 1525 coupled with one or more of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 configured to perform various functions described herein. The at least one processor 1535 may be an example of a cloud-computing platform (e.g., one or more physical nodes and supporting software such as operating systems, virtual machines, or container instances) that may host the functions (e.g., by executing code 1530) to perform the functions of the device 1505. The at least one processor 1535 may be any one or more suitable processors capable of executing scripts or instructions of one or more software programs stored in the device 1505 (such as within one or more of the at least one memory 1525) .
[0247] In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 1525 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 1535 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 1535) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 1525) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 1535 or a processing system including the at least one processor 1535 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 1505 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code stored in the at least one memory 1525 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0248] In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications of (e.g., within) a protocol layer of a protocol stack. In some examples, a bus 1540 may support communications associated with a logical channel of a protocol stack (e.g., between protocol layers of a protocol stack) , which may include communications performed within a component of the device 1505, or between different components of the device 1505 that may be co-located or located in different locations (e.g., where the device 1505 may refer to a system in which one or more of the communications manager 1520, the transceiver 1510, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, and the at least one processor 1535 may be located in one of the different components or divided between different components) .
[0249] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage aspects of communications with a core network 130 (e.g., via one or more wired or wireless backhaul links) . For example, the communications manager 1520 may manage the transfer of data communications for client devices, such as one or more UEs 115. In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may manage communications with one or more other network entities 105, and may include a controller or scheduler for controlling communications with UEs 115 (e.g., in cooperation with the one or more other network devices) . In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may support an X2 interface within an LTE / LTE-Awireless communications network technology to provide communication between network entities 105.
[0250] The communications manager 1520 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The communications manager 1520 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers.
[0251] By including or configuring the communications manager 1520 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 1505 may support techniques for encoding and transmission resulting in increased throughput, improved rates, decreased latency, improved coordination between devices, decreased signaling overhead, and more efficient use of computational resources, among other examples.
[0252] In some examples, the communications manager 1520 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 1510, the one or more antennas 1515 (e.g., where applicable) , or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 1520 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 1520 may be supported by or performed by the transceiver 1510, one or more of the at least one processor 1535, one or more of the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof (for example, by a processing system including at least a portion of the at least one processor 1535, the at least one memory 1525, the code 1530, or any combination thereof) . For example, the code 1530 may include instructions executable by one or more of the at least one processor 1535 to cause the device 1505 to perform various aspects of distribution matcher designs with lookup tables as described herein, or the at least one processor 1535 and the at least one memory 1525 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0253] FIG. 16 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1600 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0254] At 1605, the method may include generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The operations of 1605 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1605 may be performed by a bit generation manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0255] At 1610, the method may include inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a distribution matching manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0256] At 1615, the method may include concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The operations of 1615 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1615 may be performed by a concatenation manager 1035 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0257] At 1620, the method may include transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by an encoding manager 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0258] FIG. 17 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1700 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 11. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0259] At 1705, the method may include generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits including a set of multiple most significant bits of a set of multiple information bits. The operations of 1705 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1705 may be performed by a bit generation manager 1025 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0260] At 1710, the method may include inputting a set of multiple blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a set of multiple distribution matchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a distribution matching manager 1030 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0261] At 1715, the method may include mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher. The operations of 1715 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1715 may be performed by a mapping manager 1045 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0262] At 1720, the method may include mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the set of multiple distribution matchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a mapping manager 1045 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0263] At 1725, the method may include concatenating a set of multiple output sequences from the set of multiple distribution matchers, the set of multiple output sequences including a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value. The operations of 1725 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1725 may be performed by a concatenation manager 1035 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0264] At 1730, the method may include transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence. The operations of 1730 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1730 may be performed by an encoding manager 1040 as described with reference to FIG. 10.
[0265] FIG. 18 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1800 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1800 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1800 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0266] At 1805, the method may include decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1805 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1805 may be performed by a decoding manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0267] At 1810, the method may include inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1810 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1810 may be performed by a distribution dematching manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0268] At 1815, the method may include generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers. The operations of 1815 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1815 may be performed by a bit generation manager 1435 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0269] FIG. 19 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1900 that supports distribution matcher designs with lookup tables in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a network entity or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1900 may be performed by a network entity as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 7 and 12 through 15. In some examples, a network entity may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the network entity to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0270] At 1905, the method may include decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence including a set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1905 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1905 may be performed by a decoding manager 1425 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0271] At 1910, the method may include inputting the set of multiple blocks of bits into a set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a set of multiple sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits. The operations of 1910 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1910 may be performed by a distribution dematching manager 1430 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0272] At 1915, the method may include mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher. The operations of 1915 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1915 may be performed by a mapping manager 1440 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0273] At 1920, the method may include mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the set of multiple distribution dematchers, where a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher. The operations of 1920 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1920 may be performed by a mapping manager 1440 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0274] At 1925, the method may include generating a set of multiple information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the set of multiple blocks of bits via the set of multiple distribution dematchers. The operations of 1925 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1925 may be performed by a bit generation manager 1435 as described with reference to FIG. 14.
[0275] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0276] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits comprising a plurality of most significant bits of a plurality of information bits; inputting a plurality of blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits; concatenating a plurality of output sequences from the plurality of distribution matchers, the plurality of output sequences comprising a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value; and transmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
[0277] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, wherein inputting the plurality of blocks of bits into the plurality of distribution matchers comprises: mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher; and mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher.
[0278] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: changing a distribution value at each distribution matcher each time a new block of bits is input to the plurality of distribution matchers according to a respective set of distribution values for each of the distribution matchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits; and outputting the plurality of output sequences from the plurality of distribution matchers in accordance with changing the distribution values.
[0279] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprise a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0280] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprises an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0281] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, wherein a lookup table indicating the relationship comprises a plurality of rows, each row corresponding to a candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution matchers of the plurality of distribution matchers.
[0282] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: inputting a second plurality of blocks of bits into a second plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution matchers for each block of bits of the second plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits; and concatenating a second plurality of output sequences from the second plurality of distribution matchers, the second plurality of output sequences comprising a second non-uniform sequence that satisfies the probabilistic shaping target value, wherein transmitting the wireless message is in accordance with the second non-uniform sequence.
[0283] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, wherein performing distribution matching via the plurality of distribution matchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0284] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, wherein each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising energy shaping values, and wherein each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising distribution probability values, wherein the relationship is indicated one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0285] Aspect 10: The method of aspect 9, wherein the switching is in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0286] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 9 through 10, further comprising: receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, wherein performing distribution matching via the plurality of distribution matchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0287] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, further comprising: performing a forward error correction encoding procedure on the non-uniform sequence; applying a sign generation to a first output of the forward error correction encoding procedure; performing bit to symbol mapping on a second output of the forward error correction encoding procedure; and applying a sign multiplication to an output of the sign generation and an output of the bit to symbol mapping, wherein transmitting the wireless message is in accordance with the forward error correction encoding procedure, the sign generation, the bit to symbol mapping, and the sign multiplication.
[0288] Aspect 13: A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising: decoding a wireless message to generate a sequence comprising a plurality of blocks of bits; inputting the plurality of blocks of bits into a plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits; and generating a plurality of information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers.
[0289] Aspect 14: The method of aspect 13, further comprising: mapping each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher; and mapping each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher.
[0290] Aspect 15: The method of any of aspects 13 through 14, further comprising: changing a distribution value at each distribution dematcher each time a new block of bits is input to the plurality of distribution dematchers according to a respective set of distribution values for the distribution dematchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits, wherein generating the information bits is based at least in pat on distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers; and generating a plurality of information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers.
[0291] Aspect 16: The method of any of aspects 13 through 15, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each of the distribution values for each entry in the lookup table comprise a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.
[0292] Aspect 17: The method of any of aspects 13 through 16, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprises an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers will satisfy an energy threshold.
[0293] Aspect 18: The method of any of aspects 13 through 17, wherein a lookup table indicating the relationship comprises a plurality of rows, each row corresponding to an candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution dematchers of the plurality of distribution dematchers.
[0294] Aspect 19: The method of any of aspects 13 through 18, further comprising: inputting a second plurality of blocks of bits of a second set of bits into a second plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a distribution value at each of the respective distribution dematchers for each block of bits of the second plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits.
[0295] Aspect 20: The method of any of aspects 13 through 19, further comprising: receiving control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, wherein performing distribution dematching via the plurality of distribution dematchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.
[0296] Aspect 21: The method of any of aspects 13 through 20, further comprising: switching between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, wherein each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising energy shaping values, and wherein each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising distribution probability values, wherein the relationship is indicated by one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.
[0297] Aspect 22: The method of aspect 21, wherein the switching is in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.
[0298] Aspect 23: The method of any of aspects 21 through 22, further comprising: receiving control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, wherein performing distribution dematching via the plurality of distribution dematchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.
[0299] Aspect 24: The method of any of aspects 13 through 23, further comprising: performing bit-wise demapping procedure on a wireless signal, the decoding is in accordance with the bit-wise demapping procedure; performing bit-amplitude demapping procedure on an output of the decoding, wherein generating the sequence comprising the plurality of blocks of bits in accordance with the bit-amplitude demapping procedure; and demultiplexing the plurality of information bits.
[0300] Aspect 25: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0301] Aspect 26: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0302] Aspect 27: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0303] Aspect 28: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 24.
[0304] Aspect 29: A wireless device for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 13 through 24.
[0305] Aspect 30: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 13 through 24.
[0306] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0307] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-APro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0308] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0309] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0310] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0311] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0312] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope and spirit of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described above can be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations. As used herein, including in the claims, the term “and / or, ” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination. Also, as used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (for example, a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates a disjunctive list such that, for example, a list of “at least one of A, B, or C” means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) .
[0313] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0314] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0315] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0316] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0317] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:generate a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits comprising a plurality of most significant bits of a plurality of information bits;input a plurality of blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits;concatenate a plurality of output sequences from the plurality of distribution matchers, the plurality of output sequences comprising a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value; andtransmit a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.2.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein, to input the plurality of blocks of bits into the plurality of distribution matchers, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:map each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher; andmap each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution matcher.3.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:change a distribution value at each distribution matcher each time a new block of bits is input to the plurality of distribution matchers according to a respective set of distribution values for each of the distribution matchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits; andoutput the plurality of output sequences from the plurality of distribution matchers in accordance with the change of the distribution values.4.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprise a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.5.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprises an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution matcher of the plurality of distribution matchers will satisfy an energy threshold.6.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein a lookup table indicating the relationship comprises a plurality of rows, each row corresponding to a candidate block of bits and a set of candidate distribution values corresponding to respective distribution matchers of the plurality of distribution matchers.7.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:input a second plurality of blocks of bits into a second plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution matchers for each block of bits of the second plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits; andconcatenate a second plurality of output sequences from the second plurality of distribution matchers, the second plurality of output sequences comprising a second non-uniform sequence that satisfies the probabilistic shaping target value, wherein transmission of the wireless message is in accordance with the second non-uniform sequence.8.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, wherein performing distribution matching via the plurality of distribution matchers is in accordance with reception of the control signaling indicating the lookup table.9.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:switch between a first lookup table and a second lookup table, wherein each entry in the first lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising energy shaping values, and wherein each entry in the second lookup table corresponds to a candidate block of bits and a set of distribution values comprising distribution probability values, wherein the relationship is indicated one of the first lookup table or the second lookup table.10.The wireless device of claim 9, wherein:the switch is in accordance with one or more conditions being satisfied.11.The wireless device of claim 9, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch from the first lookup table to the second lookup table, or from the second lookup table to the first lookup table, wherein performance of distribution matching via the plurality of distribution matchers is in accordance with reception of the control signaling instructing the wireless device to switch.12.The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:perform a forward error correction encoding procedure on the non-uniform sequence;apply a sign generation to a first output of the forward error correction encoding procedure;perform bit to symbol mapping on a second output of the forward error correction encoding procedure; andapply a sign multiplication to an output of the sign generation and an output of the bit to symbol mapping, wherein transmission of the wireless message is in accordance with the forward error correction encoding procedure, the sign generation, the bit to symbol mapping, and the sign multiplication.13.A wireless device, comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:decode a wireless message to generate a sequence comprising a plurality of blocks of bits;input the plurality of blocks of bits into a plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution dematcher for each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits; andgenerate a plurality of information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers.14.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:map each input bit of a first block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, one bit of the first block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a first entry in a lookup table corresponding to the first block of bits corresponds to a first set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher; andmap each input bit of a second block of bits to a respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, one bit of the second block of bits corresponding to each respective distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a second entry in the lookup table corresponding to the second block of bits corresponds to a second set of distribution values for each respective distribution dematcher.15.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:change a distribution value at each distribution dematcher each time a new block of bits is input to the plurality of distribution dematchers according to a respective set of distribution values for the distribution dematchers indicated in a lookup table by each respective block of bits, wherein generating the information bits is based at least in part on distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers; andgenerate a plurality of information bits in accordance with distribution dematching each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits via the plurality of distribution dematchers.16.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each of the distribution values for each entry in the lookup table comprise a probability distribution value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers will satisfy a threshold distribution between a first bit value and a second bit value.17.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein a lookup table indicates the relationship, and each distribution value for each entry in the lookup table comprises an energy shaping value indicating a probability that a plurality of bits associated with a distribution dematcher of the plurality of distribution dematchers will satisfy an energy threshold.18.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:input a second plurality of blocks of bits of a second set of bits into a second plurality of distribution dematchers, wherein a distribution value at each of the respective distribution dematchers for each block of bits of the second plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with the relationship between each set of distribution values of the plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits.19.The wireless device of claim 13, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the wireless device to:receive control signaling indicating a lookup table that indicates the relationship, wherein performing distribution dematching via the plurality of distribution dematchers is in accordance with receiving the control signaling indicating the lookup table.20.A method for wireless communications at a wireless device, comprising:generating a set of input bits for probability matching, the set of input bits comprising a plurality of most significant bits of a plurality of information bits;inputting a plurality of blocks of bits of the set of input bits into a plurality of distribution matchers, wherein a distribution value at each respective distribution matcher for each block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits is in accordance with a relationship between each set of distribution values of a plurality of sets of distribution values and each respective block of bits of the plurality of blocks of bits;concatenating a plurality of output sequences from the plurality of distribution matchers, the plurality of output sequences comprising a non-uniform sequence that satisfies a probabilistic shaping target value; andtransmitting a wireless message in accordance with the non-uniform sequence.
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