Waveform-related method used in node for wireless communication, and apparatus

Abstract

The present application discloses a waveform-related method used in a node for wireless communication, and an apparatus. Provided is a first node for wireless communication, comprising: a first transmitter for sending a first information block on a first channel, wherein the first channel is an uplink channel, the first information block indicates at least one waveform, and the at least one waveform is a waveform for downlink transmission.

Description

Waveform-related methods and apparatus for nodes used in wireless communication Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to transmission methods and apparatus in wireless communication systems, and more particularly to methods and apparatus for transmitting wireless signals in wireless communication systems supporting cellular networks. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement and deepening application of technologies (including but not limited to AI (Artificial Intelligence) / ML (Machine Learning) technologies), the network's ability to process and utilize information will be increasingly enhanced. To fully leverage the network's capabilities and optimize system scheduling, more effective information needs to be provided for the network to make decisions. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Waveforms are fundamental to physical layer transmission in wireless communication; how to utilize waveform information to enhance scheduling is a worthwhile research question. To address this issue, this application discloses a solution. The solution disclosed in this application is applicable to scenarios involving AI / ML applications, as well as scenarios outside of AI / ML applications. Furthermore, adopting a unified solution across different scenarios helps reduce hardware complexity and cost. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the first node of this application can be applied to the second node, and vice versa. Where there is no conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0004] As an example, the interpretation of terms in this application is based on the definitions in the 3GPP specification protocol TS38 series.

[0005] As an example, the interpretation of the terms in this application is based on the definitions in the 3GPP specification protocol TS28 series.

[0006] This application discloses a method used in a first node of wireless communication, characterized by comprising:

[0007] The first information block is transmitted on the first channel, which is the uplink channel;

[0008] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0009] As an example, the problem this application aims to solve includes: how to fully utilize waveform information to enhance the scheduling of downlink transmission.

[0010] As an example, the above method allows a terminal to recommend one or more waveforms to report to the network (based on its own needs); the network can use the reported waveform information (as well as other information obtained) to make a comprehensive decision to determine the waveform used for downlink transmission, thereby improving the performance of downlink transmission.

[0011] As an example, the characteristics of the above method include: the waveform information reported by the terminal can be used as a reference by the base station and does not necessarily limit the actual scheduling of the network.

[0012] As an example, given the need for the Internet of Everything, unlike existing mobile communication systems, supporting multiple downlink transmission waveforms may become the development direction of the next generation of mobile communication systems; the problems to be solved by this application include: how to improve the performance of downlink transmission in mobile communication systems that support multiple downlink transmission waveforms.

[0013] As an example, the solution disclosed in this application is particularly suitable for communication systems that support multiple downlink transmission waveforms, which is beneficial for optimizing downlink transmission scheduling in the communication system and improving system efficiency.

[0014] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0015] The first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0016] As an example, the advantages of the above method include providing the network with a variety of possible options, which helps to improve the flexibility of network scheduling.

[0017] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it can provide more information to the network for network decision-making, which is conducive to improving the effect of system optimization.

[0018] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized by comprising:

[0019] Receive the first signaling;

[0020] Wherein, the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, the first transmission is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0021] As an example, the features of the above method include: determining the waveform used in the first transmission through dual selection of the terminal and the network; the above method is beneficial for optimizing the waveform determination by integrating the information held by both communicating parties.

[0022] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: limiting the candidate waveform of the first transmission to the first waveform set helps to reduce the signaling overhead of the corresponding indication.

[0023] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0024] The first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0025] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it facilitates comprehensive optimization of multiple aspects, including waveforms.

[0026] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0027] The at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be perceived.

[0028] As an example, the solution disclosed in this application is applicable to systems that support integrated communication and sensing technology.

[0029] As an example, the above method supports a waveform being used for both information transmission and sensing.

[0030] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it helps to improve downlink transmission performance or downlink transmission-related sensing performance in scenarios of integrated communication and sensing.

[0031] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0032] The at least one waveform serves as a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0033] As an example, the base station can acquire a large amount of information, including the downlink transmission waveform desired by the UE, and then use various technologies, including but not limited to AI / ML, to make comprehensive decisions, which is beneficial to achieving global optimization of the system.

[0034] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0035] The second transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the first node; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the first node.

[0036] This application discloses a method used in a second node for wireless communication, characterized by comprising:

[0037] The first information block is received on the first channel, which is the uplink channel;

[0038] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0039] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0040] The first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0041] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized by comprising:

[0042] Send the first signaling;

[0043] Wherein, the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, the first transmission is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0044] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0045] The first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0046] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0047] The at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be perceived.

[0048] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0049] The at least one waveform serves as a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0050] According to one aspect of this application, the above method is characterized in that,

[0051] The second transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the sender of the first information block; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the sender of the first information block.

[0052] This application discloses a first node used for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises:

[0053] The first transmitter transmits the first information block on the first channel, the first channel being the uplink channel;

[0054] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0055] This application discloses a second node used for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises:

[0056] The second receiver receives the first information block on the first channel, which is the uplink channel.

[0057] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission. Attached Figure Description

[0058] Other features, objects, and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0059] Figure 1 shows a processing flowchart of the first node according to an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of the wireless protocol architecture of the user plane and control plane according to an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 5 shows a signal transmission flowchart according to an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 6 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of at least one waveform indicated by a first information block according to an embodiment of the present application for a waveform for downlink transmission;

[0065] Figure 7 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of a first information block indicating at least one waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0066] Figure 8 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of a first information block indicating at least one waveform according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0067] Figure 9 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of the waveform used in a second transmission according to an embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 10 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of the waveform used in a third transmission according to an embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 11 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of the waveform used in the fourth transmission according to an embodiment of this application;

[0070] Figure 12 shows an illustrative schematic diagram of at least one waveform for downlink transmission indicated by a first information block according to an embodiment of the present application for a first ID;

[0071] Figure 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of the deployment of AI / ML functions in a RAN (Radio Access Network) domain according to an embodiment of this application;

[0072] Figure 14 shows a schematic diagram of a processing system based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to an embodiment of this application;

[0073] Figure 15 shows a flowchart based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to an embodiment of this application;

[0074] Figure 16 shows a structural block diagram of a processing apparatus for a first node according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 17 shows a structural block diagram of a processing apparatus for a second node according to an embodiment of the present application. Detailed Implementation

[0076] The technical solution of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this application can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0077] Example 1

[0078] Example 1 illustrates a processing flowchart of the first node according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 1.

[0079] In Embodiment 1, the first node in this application transmits a first information block on the first channel in step 101.

[0080] In Embodiment 1, the first channel is an uplink channel, and the first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0081] As one embodiment, the first information block includes control information.

[0082] As one embodiment, the first information block includes physical layer signaling.

[0083] As one embodiment, the first information block includes higher-layer signaling.

[0084] As one embodiment, the first information block includes a MAC CE (MAC control element(s)).

[0085] As one embodiment, the first information block includes RRC layer signaling.

[0086] As one example, the first information block is reported by the UE to the base station.

[0087] As an example, the first channel is configurable.

[0088] As an example, the first channel is a physical channel.

[0089] As an example, the first channel is a transmission channel.

[0090] As an example, a downlink transmission is a transmission on a downlink channel.

[0091] As an example, a downlink transmission is a transmission on a physical layer downlink channel.

[0092] As an example, a downlink transmission is used for the transmission of a transport block.

[0093] As an example, a waveform for downlink transmission is a waveform defined for use in downlink transmission.

[0094] As an example, a waveform for downlink transmission is one of the candidate waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0095] As an example, the waveforms mentioned in this application refer to physical layer waveforms.

[0096] As an example, the at least one waveform is a waveform.

[0097] As an example, the advantages of the above method include low signaling overhead.

[0098] As an example, the at least one waveform is a waveform used for a downlink transmission scheduled by the first node.

[0099] As an example, the at least one waveform is a plurality of waveforms.

[0100] As an example, the advantages of the above method include providing the network with a variety of possible options, which helps to improve the flexibility of network scheduling.

[0101] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it can provide more information to the network for network decision-making, which is conducive to improving the effect of system optimization.

[0102] As an example, the at least one waveform includes an OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) waveform.

[0103] As an example, the at least one waveform includes a waveform that can be perceived.

[0104] As an example, one of the at least one waveforms can be used for both information transmission and sensing.

[0105] As an example, the at least one waveform includes a waveform generated using AI technology.

[0106] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it can make full use of waveforms calculated by AI technology that are suitable for the current communication scenario to improve communication performance.

[0107] As an example, the first node determines the at least one waveform on its own.

[0108] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes multiple waveforms, wherein at least one waveform is a subset of the second waveform set.

[0109] As an example, the at least one waveform may be a proper subset of the second waveform set.

[0110] As an example, the second waveform set is predefined.

[0111] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes multiple predefined waveforms.

[0112] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes OFDM waveforms.

[0113] As an example, the second waveform set includes CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix OFDM) waveforms.

[0114] As an example, the second waveform set includes DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM) waveforms.

[0115] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes SC-FDMA waveforms.

[0116] As an example, the second waveform set includes FBMC (Filter Bank Multi Carrier) waveforms.

[0117] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes UFMC (Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier) waveforms.

[0118] As an example, the second waveform set includes F-OFDM (Filtered OFDM) waveforms.

[0119] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes at least one waveform that can be used for sensing.

[0120] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is an ISAC (Integrated Sensing and Communication) waveform.

[0121] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is a modulated continuous wave waveform.

[0122] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is an Orthogonal Time-Frequency Space (OTFS) waveform.

[0123] As an example, one of the waveforms in the second waveform set can be used for both information transmission and sensing.

[0124] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes waveforms generated using AI technology.

[0125] Example 2

[0126] Example 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a network architecture according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 illustrates a network architecture 200 for a 5G NR (New Radio) / LTE (Long-Term Evolution) / LTE-A (Long-Term Evolution Advanced) system. The 5G NR / LTE / LTE-A network architecture 200 may be referred to as 5GS (5G System) / EPS (Evolved Packet System) 200, or some other suitable term. 5GS / EPS 200 includes at least one of UE (User Equipment) 201, RAN (Radio Access Network) 202, 5GC (5G Core Network) / EPC (Evolved Packet Core) 210, HSS (Home Subscriber Server) / UDM (Unified Data Management) 220, and Internet service 230. 5GS / EPS can interconnect with other access networks, but these entities / interfaces are not shown for simplicity. As shown in the figure, 5GS / EPS provides packet-switched services; however, those skilled in the art will readily understand that the various concepts presented throughout this application can be extended to networks providing circuit-switched services or other cellular networks. The RAN includes node 203 and other nodes 204. Node 203 provides user and control plane protocol termination to UE 201. Node 203 can be connected to other nodes 204 via an Xn interface (e.g., backhaul) / X2 interface. Node 203 may also be referred to as a base station, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, Basic Service Set (BSS), Extended Service Set (ESS), TRP (Transmitter Receiver Point), or some other suitable term. Node 203 provides UE 201 with an access point to the 5GC / EPC 210.Examples of UE201 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, non-terrestrial base station communications, satellite mobile communications, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, drones, aircraft, narrowband IoT devices, machine-type communication devices, land vehicles, automobiles, wearable devices, or any other similar functional devices. Those skilled in the art may also refer to UE201 as a mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or any other suitable term. Node 203 connects to 5GC / EPC210 via the S1 / NG interface. 5GC / EPC210 includes MME (Mobility Management Entity) / AMF (Authentication Management Field) / SMF (Session Management Function) 211, other MME / AMF / SMF 214, S-GW (Service Gateway) / UPF (User Plane Function) 212, and P-GW (Packet Data Network Gateway) / UPF 213. MME / AMF / SMF 211 is the control node handling signaling between UE201 and 5GC / EPC210. ​​Generally, MME / AMF / SMF 211 provides bearer and connection management. All user IP (Internet Protocol) packets are transmitted through S-GW / UPF 212, which is itself connected to P-GW / UPF 213. The P-GW provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. The P-GW / UPF213 connects to Internet service 230. Internet service 230 includes operator-compliant Internet protocol services, specifically including Internet, intranet, IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), and packet switching services.

[0127] It should be noted that the above embodiment 2 is only a non-limiting implementation method; the solution disclosed in this application is also applicable to other network architectures, such as the network architecture of 6G systems.

[0128] As an example, the UE201 corresponds to the first node in this application.

[0129] As an example, gNB203 corresponds to the second node in this application.

[0130] As an example, the wireless link between the UE201 and the node203 includes a cellular link.

[0131] As an example, the gNB203 is a macrocell base station.

[0132] As an example, the gNB203 is a microcell base station.

[0133] As an example, the gNB203 is a PicoCell base station.

[0134] As an example, the gNB203 is a femtocell.

[0135] As an example, the gNB203 is a base station device that supports large latency differences.

[0136] As one example, the gNB203 is a flight platform device.

[0137] As an example, the gNB203 is a satellite device.

[0138] Example 3

[0139] Example 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a wireless protocol architecture for a user plane and control plane according to this application, as shown in Figure 3. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram illustrating an embodiment of a radio protocol architecture for a user plane 350 and a control plane 300. Figure 3 shows the radio protocol architecture for a first communication node device (UE, gNB, or V2X (Vehicle to Everything) RSU (Road Side Unit), on-board equipment, or on-board communication module) and a second communication node device (gNB, UE, or V2X RSU, on-board equipment, or on-board communication module), or the control plane 300 between two UEs, using three layers: Layer 1 (L1), Layer 2 (L2), and Layer 3 (L3). L1 is the lowest layer and implements various PHY (Physical Layer) signal processing functions. L1 will be referred to herein as PHY301. Layer 2 (L2) 305 sits above PHY 301 and is responsible for the link between the first and second communication node devices and between the two UEs via PHY 301. L2 305 includes a MAC (Medium Access Control) sublayer 302, an RLC (Radio Link Control) sublayer 303, and a PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol) sublayer 304, which terminate at the second communication node device. The PDCP sublayer 304 provides multiplexing between different radio bearers and logical channels. It also provides security through encrypted data packets and supports cross-region mobility between the second and first communication node devices. The RLC sublayer 303 provides upper-layer packet segmentation and reassembly, retransmission of lost packets, and packet reordering to compensate for out-of-order reception due to HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request). MAC sublayer 302 provides multiplexing between the logical and transport channels. MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for allocating various radio resources (e.g., resource blocks) within a cell among the first communication node devices. MAC sublayer 302 is also responsible for HARQ operations. The RRC (Radio Resource Control) sublayer 306 in L3 of the control plane 300 is responsible for acquiring radio resources (i.e., radio bearers) and configuring the lower layers using RRC signaling between the second and first communication node devices.The radio protocol architecture of user plane 350 includes Layer 1 (L1) and Layer 2 (L2). The radio protocol architecture for the first and second communication node devices in user plane 350 is largely the same as the corresponding layers and sublayers in control plane 300 for Physical Layer 351, PDCP sublayer 354 in L2 layer 355, RLC sublayer 353 in L2 layer 355, and MAC sublayer 352 in L2 layer 355. However, PDCP sublayer 354 also provides header compression for upper layer packets to reduce radio transmission overhead. L2 layer 355 in user plane 350 also includes SDAP (Service Data Adaptation Protocol) sublayer 356. SDAP sublayer 356 is responsible for mapping between QoS (Quality of Service) streams and Data Radio Bearers (DRBs) to support service diversity. Although not illustrated, the first communication node device may have several upper layers above the L2 layer 355, including a network layer (e.g., the IP (Internet Protocol) layer) terminating at the P-GW on the network side and an application layer terminating at the other end of the connection (e.g., a remote UE, server, etc.).

[0140] As an example, the wireless protocol architecture in Figure 3 is applicable to the first node in this application.

[0141] As an example, the wireless protocol architecture in Figure 3 is applicable to the second node in this application.

[0142] As an example, the first information block in this application is generated in the PHY301.

[0143] As an example, the first information block in this application is generated in the MAC sublayer 302.

[0144] As an example, the first information block in this application is generated in the RRC sublayer 306.

[0145] As an example, the first channel in this application is generated by the PHY301 or the PHY351.

[0146] As an example, the first signaling in this application is generated in the PHY301.

[0147] As an example, the first signaling in this application is generated in the MAC sublayer 302.

[0148] As an example, the first signaling in this application is generated in the RRC sublayer 306.

[0149] As an example, the second signaling in this application is generated in the PHY301.

[0150] As an example, the second signaling in this application is generated in the MAC sublayer 302.

[0151] As an example, the second signaling in this application is generated in the RRC sublayer 306.

[0152] As an example, the higher layer mentioned in this application refers to the layer above the physical layer.

[0153] Example 4

[0154] Example 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first communication device and a second communication device according to this application, as shown in Figure 4. Figure 4 is a block diagram of a first communication device 410 and a second communication device 450 communicating with each other in an access network.

[0155] The first communication device 410 includes a controller / processor 475, a memory 476, a receiver processor 470, a transmitter processor 416, a multi-antenna receiver processor 472, a multi-antenna transmitter processor 471, a transmitter / receiver 418, and an antenna 420.

[0156] The second communication device 450 includes a controller / processor 459, a memory 460, a data source 467, a transmitting processor 468, a receiving processor 456, a multi-antenna transmitting processor 457, a multi-antenna receiving processor 458, a transmitter / receiver 454, and an antenna 452.

[0157] In the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, at the first communication device 410, upper-layer data packets from the core network are provided to the controller / processor 475. The controller / processor 475 implements L2 layer functionality. In the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, the controller / processor 475 provides header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, multiplexing between logical and transport channels, and radio resource allocation to the second communication device 450 based on various priority metrics. The controller / processor 475 is also responsible for retransmitting lost packets and signaling to the second communication device 450. The transmit processor 416 and the multi-antenna transmit processor 471 implement various signal processing functions for the L1 layer (i.e., the physical layer). Transmit processor 416 performs encoding and interleaving to facilitate forward error correction (FEC) at the second communication device 450, and mapping of signal clusters based on various modulation schemes (e.g., Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), M-Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK), M-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (M-QAM)). Multi-antenna transmit processor 471 performs digital spatial precoding on the encoded and modulated symbols, including codebook-based precoding and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming processing to generate one or more spatial streams. Transmit processor 416 then maps each spatial stream to a subcarrier, multiplexes it with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and then uses an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT) to generate a physical channel carrying the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. Multi-antenna transmit processor 471 then performs transmit analog precoding / beamforming operations on the time-domain multicarrier symbol stream. Each transmitter 418 converts the baseband multicarrier symbol stream provided by multi-antenna transmit processor 471 into an RF stream, which is then provided to a different antenna 420.

[0158] In the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, at the second communication device 450, each receiver 454 receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 452. Each receiver 454 recovers the information modulated onto the radio frequency carrier and converts the radio frequency stream into a baseband multicarrier symbol stream, which is then provided to the receiver processor 456. The receiver processor 456 and the multi-antenna receiver processor 458 implement various signal processing functions of the L1 layer. The multi-antenna receiver processor 458 performs receive analog precoding / beamforming operations on the baseband multicarrier symbol stream from the receiver 454. The receiver processor 456 uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to convert the baseband multicarrier symbol stream after the receive analog precoding / beamforming operations from the time domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, the physical layer data signal and the reference signal are demultiplexed by the receiver processor 456, where the reference signal is used for channel estimation, and the data signal is recovered in the multi-antenna receiver processor 458 after multi-antenna detection to recover any spatial stream destined for the second communication device 450. Symbols on each spatial stream are demodulated and recovered in the receive processor 456, generating soft decisions. The receive processor 456 then decodes and deinterleaves the soft decisions to recover the upper-layer data and control signals transmitted by the first communication device 410 over the physical channel. The upper-layer data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 459. The controller / processor 459 implements the functions of Layer 2. The controller / processor 459 may be associated with a memory 460 storing program code and data. The memory 460 may be referred to as computer-readable media. In the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 provides multiplexing, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing between the transport and logical channels to recover upper-layer data packets from the core network. The upper-layer data packets are then provided to all protocol layers above Layer 2. Various control signals may also be provided to Layer 3 for Layer 3 processing.

[0159] In the transmission from the second communication device 450 to the first communication device 410, at the second communication device 450, a data source 467 is used to provide upper-layer data packets to the controller / processor 459. The data source 467 represents all protocol layers above the L2 layer. Similar to the transmission functions at the first communication device 410 described in the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450, the controller / processor 459 implements header compression, encryption, packet segmentation and reordering, and multiplexing between logical and transport channels based on radio resource allocation, implementing L2 layer functions for the user plane and control plane. The controller / processor 459 is also responsible for retransmitting lost packets and signaling to the first communication device 410. Transmit processor 468 performs modulation mapping and channel coding processing, while multi-antenna transmit processor 457 performs digital multi-antenna spatial precoding, including codebook-based and non-codebook-based precoding, and beamforming processing. Subsequently, transmit processor 468 modulates the generated spatial stream into a multi-carrier / single-carrier symbol stream. After analog precoding / beamforming operations in multi-antenna transmit processor 457, the stream is provided to different antennas 452 via transmitter 454. Each transmitter 454 first converts the baseband symbol stream provided by multi-antenna transmit processor 457 into a radio frequency symbol stream before providing it to antenna 452.

[0160] In the transmission from the second communication device 450 to the first communication device 410, the function at the first communication device 410 is similar to the receiving function at the second communication device 450 described in the transmission from the first communication device 410 to the second communication device 450. Each receiver 418 receives radio frequency signals through its corresponding antenna 420, converts the received radio frequency signals into baseband signals, and provides the baseband signals to the multi-antenna receiving processor 472 and the receiving processor 470. The receiving processor 470 and the multi-antenna receiving processor 472 jointly implement the L1 layer functions. The controller / processor 475 implements the L2 layer functions. The controller / processor 475 may be associated with a memory 476 that stores program code and data. The memory 476 may be referred to as computer-readable media. In the transmission from the second communication device 450 to the first communication device 410, the controller / processor 475 provides multiplexing between the transmission and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover upper-layer data packets from the UE 450. Upper-layer packets from the controller / processor 475 can be provided to the core network.

[0161] As an example, the first node in this application includes the second communication device 450, and the second node in this application includes the first communication device 410.

[0162] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the first node is a user equipment and the second node is a relay node.

[0163] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the first node is a user equipment and the second node is a base station equipment.

[0164] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the first node is a relay node and the second node is a base station device.

[0165] As one embodiment, the second communication device 450 includes: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to be used with the at least one processor. The second communication device 450 is equipped with at least: transmitting a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0166] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the second communication device 450 corresponds to the first node in this application.

[0167] As one embodiment, the second communication device 450 includes: a memory storing a computer-readable instruction program that produces actions when executed by at least one processor, the actions including: transmitting a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0168] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the second communication device 450 corresponds to the first node in this application.

[0169] As one embodiment, the first communication device 410 includes: at least one processor and at least one memory, the at least one memory including computer program code; the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured to be used with the at least one processor. The first communication device 410 means at least: receiving a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0170] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the first communication device 410 corresponds to the second node in this application.

[0171] As one embodiment, the first communication device 410 includes: a memory storing a computer-readable instruction program that produces actions when executed by at least one processor, the actions including: receiving a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0172] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the first communication device 410 corresponds to the second node in this application.

[0173] As an example, the first node in this application includes the second communication device 450.

[0174] As an example, the second node in this application includes the first communication device 410.

[0175] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 452, the transmitter 454, the multi-antenna transmitter processor 457, the transmitter processor 468, the controller / processor 459, the memory 460, and the data source 467} is used to transmit the first information block in this application.

[0176] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 420, the receiver 418, the multi-antenna receiving processor 472, the receiving processor 470, the controller / processor 475, and the memory 476} is used to receive the first information block in this application.

[0177] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the multi-antenna receiving processor 458, the receiving processor 456, the controller / processor 459, the memory 460, and the data source 467} is used to receive the first signaling in this application.

[0178] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the multi-antenna transmitter processor 471, the transmitter processor 416, the controller / processor 475, and the memory 476} is used to transmit the first signaling in this application.

[0179] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 452, the receiver 454, the multi-antenna receiving processor 458, the receiving processor 456, the controller / processor 459, the memory 460, and the data source 467} is used to receive the second signaling in this application.

[0180] As an example, at least one of {the antenna 420, the transmitter 418, the multi-antenna transmitter processor 471, the transmitter processor 416, the controller / processor 475, and the memory 476} is used to transmit the second signaling in this application.

[0181] Example 5

[0182] Example 5 illustrates a signal transmission flowchart according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 5. In Figure 5, the first node N1 and the second node N2 communicate via an air interface. Specifically, in Figure 5, the steps in the dashed box F1 are optional.

[0183] The first node N1 transmits a first information block on the first channel in step S510 and receives a first signaling in step S511.

[0184] The second node N2 receives the first information block on the first channel in step S520 and sends the first signaling in step S521.

[0185] In Embodiment 5, the first channel is an uplink channel; the first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0186] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, and the waveforms in the first waveform set are all waveforms for downlink transmission; the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, which is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0187] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission; the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, which is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set; the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be used for sensing.

[0188] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission; the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, which is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set; the at least one waveform is for a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0189] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission; the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, which is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set; the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be used for sensing; the at least one waveform is for a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0190] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0191] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information; the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be used for sensing.

[0192] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information; the at least one waveform is a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

[0193] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 5, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information; the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be used for perception; the at least one waveform is a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

[0194] As a sub-example of Example 5, the second transmission is a downlink transmission, which is scheduled to the first node N1; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the first node N1.

[0195] As a sub-example of Example 5, the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be sensed.

[0196] As a sub-example of Example 5, the at least one waveform is a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0197] As a sub-example of Example 5, the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be used for perception; the at least one waveform is for a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

[0198] As an example, the first node N1 is the first node in this application.

[0199] As an example, the second node N2 is the second node in this application.

[0200] In one embodiment, the second node N2 and the first node N1 are a base station and a user equipment, respectively.

[0201] In one embodiment, both the second node N2 and the first node N1 are user equipment.

[0202] As one example, the second node N2 is the serving cell sustaining base station of the first node N1.

[0203] As one embodiment, the air interface between the second node N2 and the first node N1 is a Uu interface.

[0204] As one embodiment, the air interface between the second node N2 and the first node N1 includes a cellular link.

[0205] As one embodiment, the air interface between the second node N2 and the first node N1 includes a wireless interface between the base station equipment and the user equipment.

[0206] As one embodiment, the air interface between the second node N2 and the first node N1 includes a wireless interface between satellite equipment and user equipment.

[0207] As one embodiment, the air interface between the second node N2 and the first node N1 includes a wireless interface between the relay device and the user equipment.

[0208] As an example, an ML model is based on a neural network.

[0209] As an example, an ML model is based on CNN (Conventional Neural Networks).

[0210] As an example, an ML model is based on the Transformer architecture.

[0211] As an example, the steps in the dashed box F1 are present.

[0212] As an example, the steps in the dashed box F1 are not present.

[0213] As an example, the second node may use the at least one waveform as input to obtain the final decision, and the waveform used for the actual scheduled downlink transmission may not necessarily be one of the at least one waveforms.

[0214] As one example, the second node schedules the first node to receive a downlink transmission.

[0215] Example 6

[0216] Example 6 illustrates a schematic diagram of at least one waveform indicated by a first information block according to an embodiment of the present application for a waveform for downlink transmission, as shown in FIG6.

[0217] In Example 6, the at least one waveform is a waveform for any first type of transmission, and any first type of transmission is a downlink transmission.

[0218] As an example, the solution disclosed in this application includes the following features: the at least one waveform indicated by the first information block can be used to determine multiple downlink transmissions, rather than being limited to only a specific downlink transmission; under such features, the solution disclosed in this application can improve the performance of downlink transmissions with very little uplink signaling overhead.

[0219] As one example, multiple transmissions of the first type can be scheduled to the first node.

[0220] As an example, whether a downlink transmission is a transmission of the first type is configurable.

[0221] As an example, a transmission of the first type is a transmission of a block of bits.

[0222] As an example, a transmission of the first type includes one or more transmissions of a block of bits.

[0223] As an example, a transmission of the first type is used to transmit data.

[0224] As an example, the at least one waveform is a waveform defined for use in the first type of transmission.

[0225] As an example, each of the at least one waveform is one of the candidate waveforms for the first type of transmission.

[0226] As an example, at least one transmission of the first type generated at the receiving end of the first information block depends on the first information block.

[0227] As an example, the first information block is used by the receiving end of the first information block to determine at least one transmission of the first type.

[0228] As an example, the receiving end of the first information block determines how to use the first information block itself.

[0229] Example 7

[0230] Example 7 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first information block indicating at least one waveform according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 7.

[0231] In embodiment 7, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0232] As a sub-implementation of Embodiment 7, the first node receives a first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, the first transmission is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0233] As an example, the first waveform set includes OFDM waveforms.

[0234] As an example, the first waveform set includes CP-OFDM waveforms.

[0235] As an example, the first waveform set includes DFT-s-OFDM waveforms.

[0236] As an example, the first waveform set includes SC-FDMA waveforms.

[0237] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes FBMC waveforms.

[0238] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes UFMC waveforms.

[0239] As one embodiment, the second waveform set includes F-OFDM waveforms.

[0240] As an example, the first waveform set includes at least one waveform that can be used for sensing.

[0241] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is the ISAC waveform.

[0242] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is a modulated continuous wave waveform.

[0243] As an example, one of the waveforms that can be used for sensing is an orthogonal time-frequency control waveform.

[0244] As an example, one waveform in the first waveform set can be used for both information transmission and sensing.

[0245] As one example, the first waveform set includes waveforms generated using AI technology.

[0246] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: it can make full use of waveforms calculated by AI technology that are suitable for the current communication scenario to improve communication performance.

[0247] As an example, the first set of waveforms constitutes a sequence, and the order position of a waveform in the sequence indicates the degree of recommendation of the first node for that waveform; the earlier the waveform appears in the sequence, the higher the degree of recommendation it corresponds to.

[0248] As an example, the at least one waveform in this application is the first waveform set.

[0249] As an example, the first signaling is the scheduling signaling for the first transmission.

[0250] As an example, the first signaling is downlink scheduling signaling.

[0251] As an example, the first signaling is physical layer signaling.

[0252] As an example, the first signaling is DCI.

[0253] As an example, the first signaling is RRC layer signaling.

[0254] As an example, the first signaling indicates the waveform used by the first transmission from the first waveform set.

[0255] As an example, the first transmission is a transmission of the first type.

[0256] Example 8

[0257] Example 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of a first information block indicating at least one waveform according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 8.

[0258] In embodiment 8, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0259] As an example, the waveform included in the first element group belongs to the at least one waveform.

[0260] As an example, a parameter indicating other information indicates information beyond the waveform used to generate downlink transmission.

[0261] As an example, one parameter that indicates other information is the channel coding parameter.

[0262] As an example, one parameter that indicates other information is the parameter used for sequence generation.

[0263] As one example, a parameter that indicates other information indicates the modulation scheme.

[0264] As an example, a parameter indicating other information indicates at least one of the time-domain resources and the frequency-domain resources.

[0265] As an example, a parameter can be defined with multiple candidate indications, and each value in the range of values ​​of this parameter indicates one of the multiple candidate indications.

[0266] As an example, the first node independently determines the indication content (including waveforms) of multiple parameters and associates them in the same element group.

[0267] As an example, the indications (including waveforms) of all parameters in the same element group can be a well-matched combination determined by the first node.

[0268] As an example, the first node (through calculation or inference) believes that applying the indications of all parameters in the same element group together can achieve good transmission performance.

[0269] As an example, each of the plurality of element groups includes a waveform and an indication of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform that indicates other information.

[0270] As an example, the waveforms included in each of the plurality of element groups are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0271] As an example, the first information block indicates the first element group from the plurality of element groups.

[0272] As an example, the first information block indicates more than one element group from the plurality of element groups, including the first element group.

[0273] As an example, the first node reports more than one element group to the base station, and the base station may consider selecting a combination of indications of multiple parameters in one of the element groups for scheduling.

[0274] As an example, the base station can make scheduling decisions by comprehensively considering the information of the element group reported by the first node and other information.

[0275] Example 9

[0276] Example 9 illustrates a schematic diagram of the waveform used in a second transmission according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 9.

[0277] In embodiment 9, the second transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the first node; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the first node.

[0278] As one embodiment, the second transmission is scheduled to the first node, including: the first node being scheduled to receive the second transmission.

[0279] As an example, the node type of the first node is one of a variety of predefined node types.

[0280] As an example, the predefined multiple node types include a first target node type and a second target node type; when the node type of the first node is the first target node type, the waveform used for the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform; when the node type of the first node is the second target node type, the waveform used for the second transmission can be a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0281] As an example, the above method is advantageous in balancing system inclusiveness and scheduling flexibility.

[0282] As an example, different node types among the predefined multiple node types correspond to different terminal capabilities.

[0283] As an example, from the network's perspective, nodes of different node types have different terminal capabilities; the network can configure or schedule nodes based on the terminal capabilities they possess.

[0284] As an example, from the network's perspective, the terminal capability of a node of the second target node type is higher than that of a node of the first target node type.

[0285] As an example, from the network's perspective, the node of the first target node type only supports the waveform indicated by the first information block for downlink transmission, while the node of the second target node type can support all waveforms in the second waveform set in this application for downlink transmission.

[0286] As an example, different node types among the predefined multiple node types correspond to different user needs.

[0287] As one example, the user requirements include the requirement for transmission rate.

[0288] As one example, the user requirements include the need for standby time.

[0289] As an example, the node type of the first node is the first target node type, the at least one waveform is a waveform, and the waveform used in the second transmission is the waveform.

[0290] As an example, the node type of the first node is the first target node type, and the waveform used for the second transmission is configurable among the at least one waveform.

[0291] As an example, the node type of the first node is the first target node type, and the waveform used in the second transmission is which of the at least one waveforms is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the second transmission.

[0292] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used for the second transmission is the default.

[0293] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used for the second transmission is a waveform from the second waveform set in this application.

[0294] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used in the second transmission is configurable.

[0295] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used in the second transmission is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the second transmission.

[0296] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used in the second transmission is either one of the at least one waveforms or a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0297] As an example, the node type of the first node is the second target node type, and the waveform used in the second transmission is a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0298] As an example, the second transmission is a downlink transmission, which is scheduled to the first node; the waveform used in the second transmission may be a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0299] As an example, the advantages of the above method include providing the base station with sufficient scheduling flexibility.

[0300] As an example, the second transmission is a transmission of the first type.

[0301] Example 10

[0302] Example 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of the waveform used in a third transmission according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 10.

[0303] In Example 10, the third transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the first node; whether the waveform used by the third transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on whether the third transmission is an initial transmission.

[0304] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: improving the transmission success rate.

[0305] As one embodiment, the third transmission being scheduled to the first node includes: the first node being scheduled to receive the third transmission.

[0306] As an example, when the third transmission is not the initial transmission, the waveform used in the third transmission is one of the at least one waveform; when the third transmission is the initial transmission, the waveform used in the third transmission can be a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0307] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, the at least one waveform is a waveform, and the waveform used in the third transmission is the one waveform.

[0308] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is configurable among the at least one waveform.

[0309] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is which of the at least one waveforms is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the third transmission.

[0310] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is a waveform from the second waveform set in this application.

[0311] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is an initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is configurable.

[0312] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is an initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the third transmission.

[0313] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is either a waveform among the at least one waveform or a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0314] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0315] As an example, the advantages of the above method include: providing the base station with high scheduling flexibility during initial transmission, restricting the base station to only schedule the downlink transmission waveform desired by the first node during retransmission, and reducing the number of retransmissions while ensuring scheduling flexibility.

[0316] As an example, when the third transmission is an initial transmission, the waveform used in the third transmission is one of the at least one waveform; when the third transmission is not an initial transmission, the waveform used in the third transmission may be a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0317] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is the initial transmission, the at least one waveform is a waveform, and the waveform used in the third transmission is the one waveform.

[0318] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is an initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is configurable among the at least one waveform.

[0319] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is an initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is which of the at least one waveforms is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the third transmission.

[0320] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is a waveform from the second waveform set in this application.

[0321] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is configurable.

[0322] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is indicated by the scheduling signaling of the third transmission.

[0323] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is either a waveform among the at least one waveform or a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0324] As a sub-implementation of the above embodiments, the third transmission is not the initial transmission, and the waveform used in the third transmission is a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0325] As one embodiment, the third transmission is an initial transmission, including: the third transmission is the initial transmission of an information block.

[0326] As one embodiment, the third transmission is an initial transmission, including: the third transmission is an initial transmission of a block of bits.

[0327] As one embodiment, the third transmission is an initial transmission, including: the third transmission includes the initial transmission of a transmission block.

[0328] As an example, when the third transmission is a retransmission of an information block, the third transmission is not the initial transmission.

[0329] As an example, when the third transmission is a retransmission of a bit block, the third transmission is not the initial transmission.

[0330] As an example, when the third transmission includes a retransmission of a transmission block, the third transmission is not the initial transmission.

[0331] As an example, the third transmission is a transmission of the first type.

[0332] Example 11

[0333] Example 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of the waveform used in a fourth transmission according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 11.

[0334] In Embodiment 11, the first node receives a second signaling; the second signaling schedules a fourth transmission, the fourth transmission being a downlink transmission, and whether the waveform used in the fourth transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the signaling format of the second signaling.

[0335] As an example, when the signaling format of the second signaling is a first target signaling format, the waveform used by the fourth transmission is one of the at least one waveform; when the signaling format of the second signaling is a second target signaling format, the waveform used by the fourth transmission can be a waveform other than the at least one waveform; the first target signaling format is different from the second target signaling format.

[0336] As an example, different signaling formats include different fields.

[0337] As an example, the first target signaling format and the second target signaling format are different DCI (Downlink Control Information) formats.

[0338] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the first target signaling format, the at least one waveform is a waveform, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is the waveform.

[0339] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the first target signaling format, and the waveform used by the fourth transmission is configurable among the at least one waveform.

[0340] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the first target signaling format, and the waveform used by the fourth transmission is which of the at least one waveform is indicated by the second signaling.

[0341] As an example, a field in the first target signaling format is used to indicate a waveform from the at least one waveform.

[0342] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is the default.

[0343] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is a waveform from the second waveform set in this application.

[0344] As one embodiment, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is configurable.

[0345] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is indicated by the second signaling.

[0346] As an example, a field in the second target signaling format is used to indicate a waveform from the second waveform set in this application.

[0347] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is either one of the at least one waveforms or a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0348] As an example, the signaling format of the second signaling is the second target signaling format, and the waveform used in the fourth transmission is a waveform other than the at least one waveform.

[0349] As an example, the fourth transmission is a transmission of the first type.

[0350] Example 12

[0351] Example 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of at least one waveform for downlink transmission indicated by a first information block according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 12.

[0352] In Example 12, the at least one waveform can be used for training, reinforcement learning, performance monitoring, or testing of an ML model identified by the first ID.

[0353] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used for training one or more ML models identified by the first ID.

[0354] As a sub-example of the above embodiments, the training of the one or more ML models identified by the first ID is performed on the network side.

[0355] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used for reinforcement learning of one or more ML models identified by the first ID.

[0356] As a sub-example of the above embodiments, the reinforcement learning of the one or more ML models identified by the first ID is performed on the network side.

[0357] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used for performance monitoring of one or more ML models identified by the first ID.

[0358] As a sub-example of the above embodiments, the performance monitoring of the one or more ML models identified by the first ID is performed on the network side.

[0359] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used to test one or more ML models identified by the first ID.

[0360] As a sub-example of the above embodiments, the test of the one or more ML models identified by the first ID is performed on the network side.

[0361] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used as data in the training dataset.

[0362] As an example, the at least one waveform can be used as data in a test dataset.

[0363] As an example, the first ID (identity) identifies an ML model.

[0364] As an example, the first ID identifies a group of ML models, which includes multiple ML models.

[0365] As an example, the two communicating parties reach a consensus on the content identified by the first ID.

[0366] As an example, an ML model is an AI model.

[0367] As an example, an ML model includes a mathematical algorithm that can be trained using data and human expert input as examples to replicate the decisions made by experts when provided with the same information.

[0368] As an example, the at least one ML model identified by the first ID is an ML model applied on the base station side.

[0369] As an example, the output of an ML model identified by the first ID can be used as scheduling information to schedule a UE.

[0370] Example 13

[0371] Example 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of RAN (Radio Access Network) domain AI / ML function deployment according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 13. The gNB in ​​Example 13 can be replaced with, for example, an eNB, or a network device such as a 6G base station.

[0372] AI / ML related functions include ML training (also known as AI training, or AI / ML training), ML testing, and ML inference (also known as AI inference, or AI / ML inference), etc. ML training, ML testing, and ML inference functions can be deployed independently or co-located. Deployment of AI / ML related functions can be implemented through software, such as downloading and / or running executable files; or it can be implemented through a combination of software and hardware, such as accelerating specific computing units through hardware to improve computing speed or save power.

[0373] ML training functionality can be deployed in a cross-domain management system or a domain-specific management system; the domain-specific management system is used to manage the RAN domain or the CN (Core Network) domain. For example, ML training functionality for MDA (Management Data Analytics) can be deployed on MDAF (MDA Function); ML training for network data analytics can be deployed on NWDAF (Network Data Analytics Function), meaning the ML training functionality is an MTLF (Model Training Logical Function).

[0374] The ML inference function can also be deployed in a cross-domain management system or a domain-specific management system; for example, the ML inference function is MDAF, or the ML inference function is AnLF (Analytics logical function) located in NWDAF.

[0375] Similarly, ML testing capabilities can also be deployed in cross-domain management systems or domain-specific management systems.

[0376] In Example 13, the RAN domain ML training function 1402 is located in the RAN domain management function 1403; while the ML inference function is located in the base station, that is, the AI / ML inference function 1404 is located in gNB 1405, the AI / ML inference function 1406 is located in gNB 1407, and so on.

[0377] In Figure 13, the management of ML inference functions of multiple base stations is completed by RAN domain management function 1403, that is, data interaction with RAN domain MnS (Management Service) consumer / cross-domain management 1401 (as shown by the dashed arrow in Figure 13).

[0378] Optionally, the management of ML inference function can also be completed by the base station itself, that is, each base station can independently interact with the RAN domain MnS consumer / cross-domain management 1401.

[0379] It should be noted that Embodiment 13 is merely a non-limiting implementation method; optionally, the ML training function of the RAN domain may also be deployed in the base station; or optionally, some base stations may deploy both the ML inference function and the ML training function of the RAN domain, while some base stations may only deploy the ML inference function.

[0380] As an example, one of the gNBs (or base stations) in Example 13 is the second node of this application.

[0381] As an example, the second node includes an AL / ML inference function, namely 1404 or 1406, as shown in Figure 13.

[0382] Example 14

[0383] Example 14 illustrates a schematic diagram of an artificial intelligence or machine learning-based processing system according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 14. Figure 14 includes a first processor, a second processor, a third processor, and a fourth processor.

[0384] In Example 14, the first processor sends a first dataset to the second processor and a second dataset to the third processor; the second processor generates a target first-class parameter set based on the first dataset, and sends the generated target first-class parameter set to the third processor; the third processor processes the second dataset using the target first-class parameter set to obtain a first-class output, and (optionally) the third processor sends the first-class output to the fourth processor. In Figure 14, the first-class feedback and the second-class feedback are optional; the second processor includes ML training functionality; the third processor includes ML inference functionality.

[0385] As one embodiment, the fourth processor includes ML testing functionality.

[0386] As one embodiment, the fourth processor includes performance monitoring / evaluation of the ML model.

[0387] As an example, the third processor sends a first type of feedback to the second processor. The first type of feedback is used to trigger the recalculation or update of the target first type of parameter set, that is, to trigger ML initial training or ML retraining.

[0388] As one embodiment, the fourth processor sends a second type of feedback to the first processor, the second type of feedback being used to generate the first dataset or the second dataset, or the second type of feedback being used to trigger the sending of the first dataset or the second dataset.

[0389] As one embodiment, the first processor generates the first dataset and the second dataset based on the measurement of the reference signal.

[0390] As an example, the first type of output includes the first channel information.

[0391] As an example, the first type of output includes the index of the target reference signal.

[0392] As one embodiment, the second dataset includes measurements for the first reference signal, or includes measurements for the second reference signal.

[0393] As an example, the first dataset includes training data.

[0394] As one embodiment, the second processor is used to train an ML model, and the trained model is described by the target first class of parameter sets.

[0395] As an example, the third processor constructs a model based on the target first type of parameter group, and then inputs the second dataset into the constructed model to obtain the first type of output.

[0396] As an example, the third processor generates a recovery dataset based on the first type of output, and the error between the recovery dataset and the second dataset is used to generate the first type of feedback.

[0397] As an example, the first type of feedback is used to reflect the performance of the trained model; when the performance of the trained model fails to meet the requirements, the second processing opportunity will recalculate the target first type of parameter set.

[0398] As an example, when the error is too large or the update has not been performed for too long, the performance of the trained model is considered to be unsatisfactory.

[0399] As an example, the target first type of parameter group includes one or more of the following: convolution kernel size, number of convolution layers, convolution stride, pooling kernel size, pooling kernel stride, pooling function, activation function, or number of feature maps.

[0400] As an example, the target first type of parameter group includes one or more of the following: convolution kernel, pooling kernel, pooling function, activation function, parameters of pooling function, or parameters of activation function.

[0401] Example 15

[0402] Example 15 illustrates a flowchart based on artificial intelligence or machine learning according to an embodiment of this application, as shown in Figure 15. Figure 15 includes a first operation, a second operation, a third operation, a fourth operation, and a fifth operation. In Example 15, the first and second operations belong to a first stage, the third operation belongs to a second stage, the fourth operation belongs to a third stage, and the fifth operation belongs to a fourth stage. In Figure 15, lines with arrows indicate the sequence of the process.

[0403] As an example, the first operation includes AI / ML training, the second operation includes AI / ML testing, the third operation includes AI / ML emulation, the fourth operation includes AI / ML entity loading, and the fifth operation includes AI / ML inference.

[0404] As one embodiment, the first stage includes a training phase, the second stage includes an emulation phase, the third stage includes a deployment phase, and the fourth stage includes an emulation phase.

[0405] As an example, the first stage includes AI / ML model training.

[0406] As an example, the first stage includes AI / ML model training and AI / ML testing.

[0407] As an example, the AI / ML model training includes initial training and re-training of one or a group of AI / ML entities.

[0408] As an example, the training of the AI / ML model depends on training data.

[0409] As an example, the AI / ML model training includes AI / ML entity validation.

[0410] As an example, the AI / ML entity verification is used to evaluate the performance of the AI / ML entity.

[0411] As an example, the AI / ML entity verification relies on verification data.

[0412] As an example, if the AI / ML entity verification results do not meet expectations, the AI / ML model will be retrained.

[0413] As an example, the AI / ML testing includes testing the validated AI / ML entities to estimate the performance of the trained AI / ML model.

[0414] As an example, if the AI / ML test results meet expectations, the AI / ML entity proceeds to the next stage; otherwise, the AI / ML model will be retrained.

[0415] As an example, the AI / ML test relies on test data.

[0416] As one embodiment, the second stage includes AI / ML simulation, which performs AI / ML entity inference in a simulation environment.

[0417] As an example, the AI / ML simulation estimates the performance of AI / ML entity reasoning in a simulation environment before using AI / ML entities.

[0418] As one embodiment, the second stage is optional.

[0419] As an example, the third stage includes AI / ML entity loading, which is to obtain trained AI / ML entities to obtain the desired AI / ML inference function.

[0420] As an example, the third stage is optional.

[0421] As an example, the third stage is no longer needed when the training and inference functions are co-located.

[0422] As an example, the fourth stage includes AI / ML inference.

[0423] Example 16

[0424] Example 16 illustrates a structural block diagram of a processing apparatus for a first node according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 16. In Figure 16, the processing apparatus A00 in the first node includes a first receiver A01 and a first transmitter A02.

[0425] As one example, the first node is a user equipment.

[0426] As an example, the first node is a relay node.

[0427] As one example, the first node is an in-vehicle communication device.

[0428] As an example, the first receiver A01 includes at least one of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiving processor 458, receiving processor 456, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0429] As an example, the first receiver A01 includes at least the first five of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiver processor 458, receiver processor 456, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0430] As one embodiment, the first receiver A01 includes at least the first four of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiving processor 458, receiving processor 456, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0431] As one embodiment, the first receiver A01 includes at least the first three of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiving processor 458, receiving processor 456, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0432] As one embodiment, the first receiver A01 includes at least two of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, receiver 454, multi-antenna receiving processor 458, receiving processor 456, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0433] As an example, the first transmitter A02 includes at least one of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmission processor 457, transmission processor 468, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0434] As an example, the first transmitter A02 includes at least the first five of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmission processor 457, transmission processor 468, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0435] As one embodiment, the first transmitter A02 includes at least the first four of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmission processor 457, transmission processor 468, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0436] As an example, the first transmitter A02 includes at least the first three of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmission processor 457, transmission processor 468, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0437] As one embodiment, the first transmitter A02 includes at least two of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 452, transmitter 454, multi-antenna transmission processor 457, transmission processor 468, controller / processor 459, memory 460, and data source 467.

[0438] As one embodiment, the first transmitter A02 transmits a first information block on a first channel, where the first channel is an uplink channel;

[0439] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0440] As an example, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0441] As one embodiment, the first receiver A01 receives the first signaling;

[0442] Wherein, the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, the first transmission is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0443] As an example, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0444] As an example, the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be perceived.

[0445] As an example, the at least one waveform is a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0446] As an example, the second transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the first node; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the first node.

[0447] Example 17

[0448] Example 17 illustrates a structural block diagram of a processing apparatus for a second node according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in Figure 17. In Figure 17, the processing apparatus B00 in the second node includes a second transmitter B01 and a second receiver B02.

[0449] In one embodiment, the second node is a base station.

[0450] As one example, the second node is a satellite device.

[0451] As one example, the second node is a relay node.

[0452] As one embodiment, the second node is one of the testing device, testing equipment, or testing instrument.

[0453] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 includes at least one of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmission processor 471, transmission processor 416, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0454] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 includes at least the first five of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmission processor 471, transmission processor 416, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0455] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 includes at least the first four of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmission processor 471, transmission processor 416, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0456] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 includes at least the first three of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmission processor 471, transmission processor 416, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0457] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 includes at least two of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, transmitter 418, multi-antenna transmission processor 471, transmission processor 416, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0458] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 includes at least one of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, receiver 418, multi-antenna receiving processor 472, receiving processor 470, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0459] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 includes at least the first five of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, receiver 418, multi-antenna receiver processor 472, receiver processor 470, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0460] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 includes at least the first four of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, receiver 418, multi-antenna receiving processor 472, receiving processor 470, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0461] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 includes at least the first three of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, receiver 418, multi-antenna receiving processor 472, receiving processor 470, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0462] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 includes at least two of the following in Figure 4 of this application: antenna 420, receiver 418, multi-antenna receiving processor 472, receiving processor 470, controller / processor 475, and memory 476.

[0463] As one embodiment, the second receiver B02 receives a first information block on a first channel, where the first channel is an uplink channel;

[0464] The first information block indicates at least one waveform, which is a waveform for downlink transmission.

[0465] As an example, the first information block indicates a first waveform set, which includes multiple waveforms, all of which are waveforms for downlink transmission.

[0466] As one embodiment, the second transmitter B01 sends a first signaling;

[0467] Wherein, the first signaling indicates the waveform used in the first transmission, the first transmission is a downlink transmission, and the waveform used in the first transmission is a waveform in the first waveform set.

[0468] As an example, the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group including a waveform and indication content of at least one parameter corresponding to the included waveform indicating other information.

[0469] As an example, the at least one waveform includes at least one waveform that can be perceived.

[0470] As an example, the at least one waveform is a first ID, which identifies at least one ML model.

[0471] As an example, the second transmission is a downlink transmission scheduled to the sender of the first information block; whether the waveform used in the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on the node type of the sender of the first information block.

[0472] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the steps in the above methods can be implemented by a program instructing related hardware, and the program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory, hard disk, or optical disk. Optionally, all or part of the steps in the above embodiments can also be implemented using one or more integrated circuits. Correspondingly, each module unit in the above embodiments can be implemented in hardware or in the form of software functional modules. This application is not limited to any specific combination of software and hardware. The user equipment, terminal, and UE in this application include, but are not limited to, drones, communication modules on drones, remote-controlled aircraft, aircraft, small aircraft, mobile phones, tablets, laptops, vehicle-mounted communication equipment, vehicles, RSUs, wireless sensors, internet cards, IoT terminals, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) terminals, NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) terminals, MTC (Machine Type Communication) terminals, eMTC (enhanced MTC) terminals, data cards, internet cards, vehicle-mounted communication equipment, low-cost mobile phones, low-cost tablets, and other wireless communication devices. The base station or system equipment in this application includes, but is not limited to, macrocell base stations, microcell base stations, small cell base stations, home base stations, relay base stations, eNB (evolved Node B), gNB, TRP, GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), relay satellites, satellite base stations, airborne base stations, RSUs, unmanned aerial vehicles, and test equipment, such as transceivers or signaling testers that simulate some functions of a base station, and other wireless communication equipment.

[0473] Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention can be practiced in other specified forms without departing from its core or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments disclosed herein should in any way be considered descriptive rather than restrictive. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and all modifications within their equivalent meaning and scope are considered to be included therein.

Claims

1. A first node configured for wireless communication, the first node comprising: Comprising: a first transmitter, configured to transmit a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for a downlink transmission.

2. The first node of claim 1, wherein the first information block indicates a first waveform set, the first waveform set comprising a plurality of waveforms, the waveforms in the first waveform set being waveforms for downlink transmissions.

3. The first node of claim 2, wherein, Comprising: a first receiver, configured to receive a first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a waveform used for a first transmission, the first transmission being a downlink transmission, the waveform used for the first transmission being a waveform in the first waveform set.

4. The first node of claim 1, wherein the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group comprising a waveform and an indication content of at least one parameter indicating other information corresponding to the included waveform.

5. The first node of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the at least one waveform comprises a waveform usable for perception.

6. The first node of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the at least one waveform is for a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

7. The first node of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a second transmission is a downlink transmission, the second transmission being scheduled to the first node; whether a waveform used for the second transmission is one of the at least one waveform depends on a node type of the first node.

8. A second node configured for wireless communication, the second node comprising: Comprising: a second receiver, configured to receive a first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for a downlink transmission.

9. The second node of claim 8, wherein the first information block indicates a first waveform set, the first waveform set comprising a plurality of waveforms, the waveforms in the first waveform set being waveforms for downlink transmissions.

10. The second node of claim 9, wherein, Comprising: a second transmitter, configured to transmit a first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a waveform used for a first transmission, the first transmission being a downlink transmission, the waveform used for the first transmission being a waveform in the first waveform set.

11. The second node of claim 8, wherein the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group comprising a waveform and an indication content of at least one parameter indicating other information corresponding to the included waveform.

12. The second node of any one of claims 8 to 11, wherein the at least one waveform comprises a waveform usable for perception.

13. The second node of any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the at least one waveform is for a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

14. The second node of any of claims 8-13, wherein the second transmission is a downlink transmission, and whether the second transmission uses one of the at least one waveform depends on a type of node of a transmitter of the first information block.

15. A method in a first node used for wireless communication, characterized by, comprises: transmitting the first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for a downlink transmission.

16. The method in the first node of claim 15, wherein the first information block indicates a first set of waveforms, the first set of waveforms comprising a plurality of waveforms, and the waveforms in the first set of waveforms are all waveforms for downlink transmissions.

17. A method in a first node according to claim 16, characterised by, comprises: receiving first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a waveform used by a first transmission, the first transmission being a downlink transmission, and the waveform used by the first transmission being one of the waveforms in the first set of waveforms.

18. The method in the first node of claim 15, wherein the first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group comprising a waveform and an indication content of at least one parameter indicating other information corresponding to the included waveform.

19. The method in the first node of any of claims 15-18, wherein the at least one waveform comprises a waveform that is usable for perception.

20. The method in the first node of any of claims 15-19, wherein the at least one waveform is for a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

21. The method in the first node of any of claims 15-20, wherein the second transmission is a downlink transmission, and whether the second transmission uses one of the at least one waveform depends on a type of node of the first node.

22. A method in a second node used for wireless communication, characterized by, comprises: receiving the first information block on a first channel, the first channel being an uplink channel; wherein the first information block indicates at least one waveform, the at least one waveform being a waveform for a downlink transmission.

23. The method in the second node of claim 22, wherein the first information block indicates a first set of waveforms, the first set of waveforms comprising a plurality of waveforms, and the waveforms in the first set of waveforms are all waveforms for downlink transmissions.

24. A method in a second node according to claim 23, characterised by, comprises: transmitting first signaling; wherein the first signaling indicates a waveform used by a first transmission, the first transmission being a downlink transmission, and the waveform used by the first transmission being one of the waveforms in the first set of waveforms.

25. The method in the second node of claim 22, wherein The first information block indicates at least a first element group from a plurality of element groups, the first element group comprising a waveform and an indication content of at least one parameter indicating other information corresponding to the included waveform.

26. The method in a second node according to any of claims 22-25, wherein The at least one waveform comprises a perceivable waveform.

27. The method in a second node according to any of claims 22-26, wherein The at least one waveform is for a first ID, the first ID identifying at least one ML model.

28. The method in a second node according to any of claims 22-27, wherein The second transmission is a downlink transmission, the second transmission being scheduled to a transmitting end of the first information block; whether the second transmission employs one of the at least one waveform depends on a node type of the transmitting end of the first information block.

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