Aerosol marking spray

Abstract

An aerosol spray may be used to temporarily mark a surface. The aerosol spray can be used to observe characteristics of a physical interaction with the marked surface. The aerosol spray may comprise a marking agent. The marking agent may comprise one or more fillers and one or more solvents. The marking agent may comprise calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide. The marking agent may comprise additional agents, such as stabilizing agents, binding agents, anti-caking agents, etc. The aerosol spray may be applied to a golf training surface and used to evaluate a golf swing.

Description

AEROSOL MARKING SPRAYREFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 674,599 filed July 23, 2024, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.BACKGROUNDField

[0002] The disclosed technology generally relates to an aerosol marking spray and methods of using the spray.Description of the Related Art

[0003] In some situations, a marking agent is desired that can be applied easily without leaving a permanent stain or residue, while also being able to be disturbed to show the movement of an object interacting with the agent on a surface. Marking paints are commonly used to mark surfaces such as roads, fields, and other surfaces. However, these marking paints may be designed to last on the surface for extended periods of time, and strongly adhere to the surface such that they are not easily removed by physical contact with foreign objects.

[0004] For example, traditional golf training aids often involve physical devices or high-tech equipment that can be cumbersome, expensive, and intimidating for amateur golfers. Golfers will place the focus on ball flight to measure the success of their practice and swings. Rather than ball flight, evaluating interaction of the club with the ground can provide a more accurate way to determine the effectiveness of their practice and evaluate and improve their swing. Thus, a simple, safe, and affordable method for obtaining visual feedback on golf swing and ground interaction is needed.SUMMARY

[0005] The present disclosure provides an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface. In some embodiments the aerosol spray may comprise a marking agent comprising a primary filler, a secondary filler, and a solvent. The aerosol spray may further comprise apropellant. In some embodiments, the aerosol spray may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, a solvent, and a propellant. In some embodiments, the calcium carbonate has a particle size below 30 microns. In some embodiments, the solvent is an alcohol. In some embodiments, the propellant may be LPG. In some embodiments the aerosol spray may comprise talc, titanium dioxide, a solvent, and a propellant. In some embodiments, the marking agent may further comprise a rheological agent and / or suspending agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite, for example to maintain even dispersion of the filler components. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more co-solvents, such as tertiary butyl alcohol, for example to enhance drying time and improve dispersion. In some embodiments, the aerosol spray may further comprise a bittering agent, such as denatonium benzoate, for example to deter ingestion.

[0006] In some embodiments, an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface may comprise a marking agent comprising calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and ethyl alcohol. The aerosol spray may further comprise liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as a propellant. The marking agent may further comprise one or more additional fillers, such as aluminum starch octenyl succinate and / or zea mays corn starch. The marking agent may further comprise a rheological agent and / or stabilizing agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite. The marking agent may further comprise a co-solvent, such as tertiary butyl alcohol. The aerosol spray may further comprise a bittering agent, such as denatonium benzoate. In some embodiments, an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, zea mays corn starch, stearalkonium hectorite, tertiary butyl alcohol, liquified petroleum gas, and denatonium benzoate.

[0007] In one aspect, methods of generating visual feedback from a marked surface comprises providing an aerosol spray configured to temporarily mark the surface. In some embodiments, the aerosol spray may comprise a marking agent comprising a primary filler, a secondary filler, a solvent and a propellant. In some embodiments, the aerosol spray comprises calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, a solvent, and a propellant. In some embodiments, the solvent is an alcohol. In some embodiments, the calcium carbonate has a particle size below 30 microns. In some embodiments the aerosol spray comprises talc, titanium dioxide, a solvent and a propellant. The method may further comprise applying the aerosol spray to the surface such that the spray is movable from the surface by physical contact with a moving object. Themethod may further comprise causing contacting a marked area of the surface with an object to move at least some of the spray from its location on the surface, wherein the movement of at least some of the spray generates a visual feedback indicative of a characteristic associated with the moving object. In some embodiments the visual feedback may be, for example, indicative of the direction of movement of the object. In some embodiments, the surface may be a golf training surface, the moving object may be a golf club during a golf swing, and the visual feedback may indicate several characteristics associated with the golf swing.

[0008] In another aspect, methods of generating visual feedback from a marked golf training surface comprises providing a marking agent configured to temporarily mark the golf training surface. In some embodiments the marking agent may comprise a primary filler, a secondary filler, and a solvent. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and a solvent. In some embodiments, the marking agent may further comprise a rheological agent and / or suspending agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite. The rheological agent and / or suspending agent may aid in maintaining even dispersion of the filler components. In some embodiments, the marking agent may further comprise a bittering agent, such as denatonium benzoate. The bittering agent may serve to deter ingestion. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more co-solvents, such as tertiary butyl alcohol. The co-solvent may be used to enhance drying time and improve dispersion. In some embodiments the solvent is an alcohol. In some embodiments, the calcium carbonate has a particle size below 30 microns. In some embodiments the aerosol spray comprises talc, titanium dioxide, and a solvent. In some embodiments the marking agent is applied from an aerosol spray, which may additionally comprise a propellant. In some embodiments the methods comprise applying the marking agent to the golf training surface such that the marking agent is moveable by a physical contact with a golf club during a golf swing. The methods may further comprise a subject performing the golf swing on the golf training surface using the golf club, such that the golf club contacts the golf training surface and moves at least some of the marking agent from its original location on the golf training surface. In some embodiments the movement of the at least some of the marking agent from the golf training surface generates a visual feedback indicative of a swing characteristic associated with the golf swing.

[0009] In some embodiments, the golf training surface may comprise artificial turf. In some embodiments, the golf training surface may comprise grass. In some embodiments,the marking agent adheres to the golf training surface. The marking agent may adhere to the golf training surface with a strength that prevents the marking agent from being moved by the force of wind. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the marking agent may be at least partially removed from the surface by physical contact with an object. In some embodiments, the marking agent is configured to adhere to the golf training surface for no longer than two weeks in the absence of physical contact with an object. In some embodiments, the movement of at least some of the marking agent may be caused by the physical contact of a golf club with a golf training surface.

[0010] In some embodiments, a visual feedback is generated immediately after performing a golf swing or other activity. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may be observed to determine one or more metrics associated with the visual feedback and the activity. In some embodiments, the metrics may include, but are not limited to a starting point, a trajectory or direction, a depth, an impact angle, a length, and an ending point. In some embodiments, one or more of the metrics may be used to indicate a swing characteristic or pattern associated with the golf swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback indicates a swing path of the golf swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback indicates an impact zone of the golf club with the golf training surface. In some embodiments, the visual feedback indicates an angle of attack of the golf swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback indicates a club face angle of the golf club during an impact with the golf training surface. In some embodiments, visual feedback indicates a level of follow through of the golf swing.

[0011] In some embodiments, the next golf swing may be adjusted based on the indications provided by the visual feedback. In some embodiments, the next golf swing may be performed without reapplying the aerosol spray to the golf training surface. However, in some embodiments, the aerosol spray may be reapplied to the golf training surface prior to performing the next swing.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] FIG. 1 A is a top view of a golf training surface coated with an aerosol spray, according to embodiments, prior to a golf swing.

[0013] FIG. IB is a top view of the golf training surface marked with the aerosol spray, according to embodiments, after the golf swing has been performed on the golf training surface.

[0014] FIG. 2 shows possible visual feedback generated by a golf swing using a golf club on a golf training surface marked with an aerosol spray, according to embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 3A illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a swing path of the golf swings.

[0016] FIG. 3B illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating an impact zone of a golf club on a golf training surface.

[0017] FIG. 3C illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating an angle of attack of the golf swing using a golf club.

[0018] FIG. 3D illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a face angle of a golf club upon contact with a golf training surface.

[0019] FIG. 3E illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a level of follow through of the golf swing.

[0020] FIG. 4 is a flow diagram of a method of preparing a surface to generate a visual feedback using an aerosol spray, according to embodiments.DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] Temporary marking agents, such as paints, may be applied to surfaces such as roads, grass, and turf. However, these marking agents are typically designed to strongly adhere to the surface, preventing movement or removal of the marking agent by interactions with moving objects. Thus, a need exists for a temporary marking agent that can stick to a surface, but can also be displaced, moved or otherwise changed through an interaction with a moving object, such as a golf club during a golf swing, and which does not permanently mark a surface.

[0022] In some embodiments, the marking agent may adhere to the surface such that it is not moved by the force of winds up to 10 mph, 20 mph, 30 mph, 40 mph or any speed within a range defined by any of these values. In some embodiments, the marking agent may adhere to the surface such that it is not moved by light rain.

[0023] The present disclosure provides, in some aspects, a marking agent configured to temporarily mark a surface without permanently staining the surface and capable of generating visual feedback upon interaction with a moving object. The marking agent may comprise a base comprising a filler material. The filler may serve to provide a smooth texture, increase volume, enhance consistency and provide bulk to the marking agent. In some embodiments, the filler is the main visible ingredient in the marking agent. For example, in some embodiments, the filler material may comprise calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is a powder-like substance comprised of fine particles which can act as an opacifying agent to provide bright and visible marks on surfaces. The mild abrasive properties of calcium carbonate ensure that there is no damage to the surface to which it was applied, and allow for removal of the marking agent from the surface without permanently staining the surface. In some embodiments, the calcium carbonate may have a particle size of under 30 micron. In some embodiments the filler material may comprise talc. In some embodiments the filler material may comprise cornstarch.

[0024] The marking agent may further comprise a primary filler material, such as calcium carbonate, talc or cornstarch, and a secondary filler material, such as titanium dioxide. The secondary filler material may serve as an opacifying agent to increase visibility of the product on application. The secondary filler material may also serve other roles, such as a thickener or stabilizer, to stabilize the formulation of the marking agent and prevent separation of the compounds in the marking agent. In some embodiments, titanium dioxide may serve as the secondary filler material in the marking agent. Titanium dioxide may act as an opacifying agent that allows visibility of the marking in varying light conditions. Titanium dioxide may provide stability to the marking agent under UV light conditions, ensuring that any mark created remains visible and does not react under sunlight. Both calcium carbonate and titanium dioxide are also safe to use on skin, allowing for safety to users.

[0025] In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises calcium carbonate as the primary filler material and titanium dioxide as the secondary filler material. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises talc as the primary filler material and calcium carbonate as the secondary filler material. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises talc as the primary filler material and titanium dioxide as the secondary filler material.

[0026] The marking agent may further comprise a solvent. In some embodiments the marking agent comprises an alcohol solvent. In some embodiments, the solvent dissolves the filler and / or thickener compounds evenly within the agent. In some embodiments, the solvent evaporates quickly after application of the marking agent, allowing the marking agent to quickly dry on the surface when applied. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an additional co-solvent to further enhance drying time and improve dispersion. The solvent as described in embodiments herein, allows for the marking agent to be applied to and adhere to the surface, but does not allow for the agent to adhere so strongly that it is immovable or permanent. In some embodiments the strength of adherence is such that an interaction with a moving object moves at least a portion of the marking agent from its original location on the surface. For example, as described in more detail below at least a portion of the marking agent on a surface may be moved by a golf club during a golf swing after it has been applied to the surface. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises a solvent comprising 99.9% alcohol. In some embodiments, the solvent comprises denatured alcohol comprising ethanol.

[0027] The marking agent may be provided in the form of an aerosol spray for ease of application and to ensure even application upon a surface without damaging the environment. The aerosol spray may comprise a propellant to allow for the marking agent to be distributed in a controlled manner, for example as a fine, controlled mist upon a surface. In some embodiments the propellant may comprise liquified petroleum gas (LPG). The propellant may comprise, but is not limited to, one or more of propane, n-butane, isobutane, or any mixture thereof.

[0028] In some embodiments, the aerosol spray may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, alcohol as a solvent, and a propellant, such as LPG. In some embodiments, the calcium carbonate has a particle size of less than 30 microns.

[0029] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more compounds that fall within one or more of the following categories: absorbent material, silicone compound, anti-caking agent, emollient, pH adjuster, deodorizer, adhesive, synthetic binder, emulsifier, thickener, stabilizer, dispersing agent, antimicrobial agent, dyes, and pigments. An ingredient of the marking agent may simultaneously serve the functions of one or more of the listed categories. For example, in some embodiments, titanium dioxide in a marking agent may serve as a thickener, deodorizer, and / or an antimicrobial agent.

[0030] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an absorbent material. In some embodiments, the absorbent material serves to absorb moisture and improve a spread of the marking agent.

[0031] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a silicone compound. In some embodiments, the silicon compound may provide smoothing properties. In some embodiments, the silicon compound may enhance the spread of the marking agent.

[0032] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an anti-caking agent, such as silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, or aluminum starch octenyl succinate. In some embodiments, the anti -caking agent may prevent clumping and improve the flow of powder-like substances in the marking agent.

[0033] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an emollient. In some embodiments, the emollient may help improve the texture and a spread of the marking agent.

[0034] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a pH adjuster. The pH adjuster may be added to achieve a desired pH in the product. In some embodiments, the pH adjuster may be added to neutralize any acidic ingredients in the marking agent.

[0035] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a deodorizer to help control and neutralize odor of the marking agent.

[0036] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an adhesive, such as gum arabic or maltodextrin. The adhesive may improve the adhering strength of the marking agent to a surface.

[0037] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a synthetic binder, such as di-PEG-2 soyamine IPDI.

[0038] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an emulsifier.

[0039] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an adhesive, a synthetic binder, or an emulsifier. In some embodiments, these components may help stabilize and improve the texture of the marking agent, and increase the adhering strength of the marking agent to a surface.

[0040] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a dispersing agent, such as propylene carbonate. In some embodiments, the dispersing agent may help to maintain or improve the separation of particles in the marking agent and prevent clumping. In someembodiments, the marking agent may comprise a rheological agent to improve product flow and / or spray consistency. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a suspending agent to maintain even dispersion of solid particles. For example, the marking agent may comprise stearalkonium hectorite as a rheological agent and / or a stabilizing agent.

[0041] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise an antimicrobial agent to help preserve the marking agent.

[0042] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more dyes or pigments to provide the marking agent in different colors. In some embodiments, the dyes or pigments may be oil-soluble.

[0043] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more safety additives. The one or more safety additives may deter ingestion of the marking agent. For example, the marking agent may comprise a bittering agent, such as denatonium benzoate.

[0044] In some embodiments, the marking agent may additionally, or alternatively, comprise one or more filler alternatives to calcium carbonate selected from any one of or a mixture of the following compounds: talc, kaolin, silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, maltodextrin, magnesium silicate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, zea mays starch, and tapioca starch. In some embodiments, the marking agent does not comprise calcium carbonate but comprises one or more of talc, kaolin, silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, maltodextrin, magnesium silicate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, zea mays starch, and tapioca starch. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises calcium carbonate and one or more of talc, kaolin, silica, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, maltodextrin, magnesium silicate, calcium sulfate, sodium bicarbonate, zea mays starch, and tapioca starch.

[0045] In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise talc, titanium dioxide, a solvent and a propellant. In some embodiments, the marking agent additionally comprises a natural adhesive, such as gum arabic or maltodextrin, or a synthetic binder, such as di-PEG-2 soyamine IPDI. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise a dispersing agent such as propylene carbonate. In some embodiments, the marking agent may comprise one or more anti-caking agents, such as silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, or aluminum starch octenylsuccinate.

[0046] In some embodiments, the marking agent may additionally, or alternatively, comprise an alternative secondary filler material to titanium dioxide. In some embodiments, the secondary filler material may be selected from any one of or a mixture of the following compounds: zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, lithopone, antimony oxide, benzethonium chloride, stearalkonium hectorite, and calcium silicate. In some embodiments, the marking agent does not comprise titanium dioxide but comprises one or more of zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, lithopone, antimony oxide, benzethonium chloride, stearalkonium hectorite, and calcium silicate. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises titanium dioxide and one or more of zinc oxide, barium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium stearate, lithopone, antimony oxide, benzethonium chloride, stearalkonium hectorite, and calcium silicate.

[0047] In some embodiments, the marking agent may additionally, or alternatively, comprise a solvent selected from any one of or a mixture of the following compounds: denatured alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, propylene carbonate, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, CIS- 15 alkane, isododecane, bisabolol, isopropyl myristate, isohexadecane, Di-PEG-2 soyamine IPDI, ethyl lactate, and n-propyl alcohol.

[0048] In some embodiments, the aerosol spray may additionally, or alternatively, comprise a propellant selected from any one of or a mixture of the following compounds: compressed air, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (butane, isobutane), nitrogen, hydrofluorocarbon 152a, hydrofluoroolefins, and dimethyl ether.

[0049] In some embodiments, a filler with a lower tendency to adhere to a surface than calcium carbonate, such as talc, may require the addition of an adhesive or a synthetic binder. For example, if talc is used in the marking agent in addition, or as an alternative, to calcium carbonate, the marking agent may comprise an adhesive such as maltodextrin, or a synthetic binder such as di-PEG-2 soyamine IPDI.

[0050] In some embodiments, when the filler is smoother than calcium carbonate, the filler may be less responsive to impacts or more likely to be mixed into the surface. In such an embodiment, the marking agent may further comprise a dispersing agent. For example, if talc is used in the marking agent in addition, or as an alternative, to calcium carbonate, the marking agent may comprise a dispersing agent such as propylene carbonate.

[0051] In some embodiments, when the filler absorbs moisture at a higher rate than calcium carbonate, the marking agent may experience clumping in humid conditions. Thus, in such an embodiment, the marking agent may comprise anti-caking agents for consistency and performance in different environmental conditions. For example, if talc is used in the marking agent in addition, or as an alternative, to calcium carbonate, the marking agent may comprise silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, and / or aluminum octenyl succinate.

[0052] In some embodiments, an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, ethyl alcohol and liquified petroleum gas. In some embodiments, an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, zea mays corn starch, stearalkonium hectorite, and liquified petroleum gas. In some embodiments, an aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, zea mays corn starch, stearalkonium hectorite, tertiary butyl alcohol, liquified petroleum gas, and denatonium benzoate.

[0053] The present disclosure also provides methods of generating visual feedback from a moving object on a marked surface by applying the marking agent to a surface and causing a movement of at least some of the agent from its original location. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied to the surface as an aerosol spray, as described herein. In some embodiments, the methods may be performed on grass, artificial turf, or a concrete or asphalt surface. The visual feedback provided by the movement of at least some of the marking agent may indicate how a foreign moving object has interacted with a marked area of the surface. In some embodiments, the method may be performed on a golf training surface. The golf training surface may be any surface that is used to perform a golf swing on. In some embodiments, the golf training surface may be artificial turf. In some embodiments, the golf training surface may be natural grass.

[0054] In some embodiments, methods of generating visual feedback may comprise providing a marking agent. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be provided in the form of an aerosol spray, as described herein. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises a powder-like substance and opacifying agents dissolved in a solvent, as described herein. For example, the marking agent may comprise calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, and an alcohol solvent. The marking agent may be configured to be applied to asurface without permanently staining the surface or leaving a permanent residue or stain on the surface. In some embodiments, the marking agent may adhere to the surface such that it is not removed absent an interaction with a foreign physical object or solvent. For example, the marking agent may adhere to the surface until it dissipates over time, comes into contact with a moving object, or is washed away using water or other solvent.

[0055] The methods may comprise applying the marking agent to a surface. The marking agent may be applied where a moving object is expected to contact the surface. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied to a golf training surface. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied to a tennis court surface or a construction site surface. The marking agent may be applied in any desired size or shape. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied in any size or shape suitable to allow a desired object to contact the applied agent and illustrate the movement of the object. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied in any size or shape suitable to generate a desired visual feedback from the moving object contacting the applied agent. For example, the marking agent may be applied in a shape including, but not limited to, a square, rectangle, circle, or line.

[0056] The method may comprise causing a moving object to contact a marked area of the surface to move at least some of the marking agent from its original location on the surface. Thus, the movement of at least some of the marking agent may generate a visual feedback indicating a characteristic of how the moving object has interacted with the surface.Golf Swing Evaluation Using A Marking Agent

[0057] Golf stands as one of the only sports where the majority of players train under significantly different conditions than those that they face during official play.

[0058] For example, players that are training their golf swing will often use turf mats at golf ranges, in contrast to the grass and dirt used on the course. However, a golf club often glides along turf during a golf swing, while it does not on grass. Thus, golfers will often struggle on the course to replicate their success from training at the range.

[0059] Numerous golf instructors and professionals have emphasized the importance of perfecting golf ball impact in training. However, perfecting golf ball impact requires players to obtain feedback on their golf swings, allowing them to correct and adjusttheir swing as needed. There are several golf training aids available to assist golfers in improving their golf stroke.

[0060] For example, some golf professionals may use launch monitors, which are electronic devices that use radar technology to track ball flight characteristics and collect data on golf swings. However, this training aid can be highly expensive and cumbersome to use for an amateur golf player. Another existing golf training aid is impact mats that use special fabric to leave a mark where an impact occurs. However, many impact mats fail to properly mimic hitting conditions, decreasing their effectiveness as a training tool. Some golfers also use alignment aids, which are physical objects that help golfers to adjust their position during a golf swing. However, many non-professional golfers may be intimidated by this training aid, due to the high possibility of hitting the alignment aid during a golf swing and causing injury to themselves or damage to the equipment. Thus, an effective golf training aid that is inexpensive, simple, and safe is needed.

[0061] The present disclosure provides methods of generating visual feedback from a golf club on a marked golf training surface using a marking agent. In some embodiments, methods of generating visual feedback on a golf training surface may comprise providing a marking agent. In some embodiments, the marking agent comprises a powder-like substance and opacifying agents dissolved in a solvent, as described herein. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied in the form of an aerosol spray, as described herein. The visual feedback may show how the golf club has interacted with a marked area of the golf training surface to indicate characteristics of a golf swing. In some embodiments, the golf training surface may be artificial turf. In some embodiments, the golf training surface may be natural grass.

[0062] The method may comprise applying the marking agent to the golf training surface. The marking agent may be applied where the golf club is expected to contact the golf training surface during a golf swing. The marking agent may be applied in any suitable size or shape to allow the golf club to contact the applied marking agent and illustrate the movement of the golf club. For example, the marking agent may be applied in a shape including, but not limited to, a square, rectangle, circle, or line. In some embodiments, the marking agent may be applied in any size or shape suitable to generate a desired visual feedback from the golf club contacting the marking agent.

[0063] The method may comprise performing a golf swing using a golf club on a golf training surface, such that the golf club contacts a marked area of the golf training surface and moves at least some of the marking agent from its original location on the golf training surface. The golf club may be any physical object used to perform a golf swing. In some embodiments, the golf club may be any object suitably used for a golf swing. For example, the golf club may be a wood, an iron, a wedge, a hybrid, a putter, a chipper, or any other variations of golf club. The golf swing may be performed on a target disposed on or around the golf training surface. In some embodiments, a target may be disposed on the golf training surface. In some embodiments, the target may be a small object disposed on top of the golf training surface. In some embodiments, the target may be a golfball. In some embodiments, the target may be an area of the golf training surface without a separate physical object.

[0064] In some embodiments, the golf swing may be performed on a target within a portion of the golf training surface having the marking agent. In some embodiments, the golf swing may move at least some the marking agent from an original location on the golf training surface. In some embodiments, the movement of at least some of the marking agent may generate a visual feedback indicative of a swing characteristic associated with the golf swing. For example, the generated visual feedback may indicate a golf swing characteristic, including but not limited to, swing path, impact zone, angle of attack, club face angle, and follow through.

[0065] FIG. 1A illustrates a top view of a golf training surface 100 that has been coated with a marking agent 104 in the form of an aerosol spray, according to embodiments, prior to a golf swing. The coating 108 may be sized and shaped in any suitable way to allow contact with the golf club during a golf swing. In some embodiments, the coating 108 may be in the shape of a rectangle. In some embodiments, the coating 108 may cover the entire golf training surface 100. In some embodiments, the method may comprise causing a golf swing target 112, such as a golfball, to be placed on the golf training surface. In some embodiments, the target 112 may be placed on top of the coating. In some embodiments, the target 112 may be placed near or around the coating.

[0066] FIG. IB illustrates a top view of a golf training surface 100 with a coating 108 of the marking agent 104, according to embodiments, after a golf swing has been performed on the coated area of the golf training surface 100. The arrow 116 indicates the general direction of the golf swing. The golf swing performed on the coated golf trainingsurface may generate a visual feedback 120 indicative of the path of the golf swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback 120 may be generated immediately after the golf swing has been performed. The visual feedback 120 may be generated by the physical contact of the golf club with the coating 108 of marking agent 104 on the golf training surface 100. The physical contact of the golf club with the marking agent 104 on the golf training surface 100 may move at least some of the marking agent 104 from an original location on the golf training surface 100 to generate the visual feedback 120. The visual feedback 120 may display the interaction of the golf club with the golf training surface 100 and thus reflect the movement of the golf club during the golf swing. In some embodiments, the generated visual feedback 120 may be indicative of a golf swing characteristic, including but not limited to, swing path, impact zone, angle of attack, club face angle, and follow through.

[0067] FIG. 2 illustrates a top view of a visual feedback 120 generated by a golf swing using a golf club on a golf training surface 100 coated with a marking agent 104, according to embodiments. In some embodiments, the visual feedback 120 may provide one or more metrics associated with the golf swing to indicate a golf swing characteristic. As indicated in FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the visual feedback may indicate a starting point 200, a direction 204, a depth 208, an impact angle 212, a length 216, and an ending point 220. In some embodiments, the visual feedback 120 may be used by the golfer to adjust their golf swing in real time.

[0068] FIG. 3A illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a swing path of the golf swings. The arrows 116 may indicate the general direction of the golf swing. The swing path may include a direction of the golf club during the golf swing. In some embodiments, the swing path may also indicate a trajectory of the golf swing. The swing path may be crucial for golfers to correct directional errors in their swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may itself have a trajectory or direction that indicates the swing path of the golf swing. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may indicate an outside-in swing path, such as the visual feedback 304. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may indicate a straight swing path, such as the visual feedback 308. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may indicate an inside-out swing path, such as the visual feedback 312.

[0069] FIG. 3B illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating an impact zone of a golf club on a golf training surface 100. The arrows 116 may indicate the general direction of the golf swing. The impact zone may be observed relative to the position of the target on the golf training surface. The impact zone may include the point where the golf club make initial contact with the golf training surface. Observing the impact zone relative to a target position may help golfers identify issues with timing and position during a golf swing. FIG. 3B illustrates the target position 316; however, in most cases, the target would no longer remain at this position once the visual feedback is generated. In some embodiments, the visual feedback may have a starting point that indicates the impact zone. For example, referring to FIG. 3B, the dashed line 320 illustrates that the golf swing associated with the visual feedback 324 had an impact zone closer to the target than the golf swing associated with the visual feedback 328.

[0070] FIG. 3C illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating an angle of attack of the golf swing using a golf club. The arrows 116 may indicate the general direction of the golf swing. The angle of attack includes the steepness or shallowness of the golf club at an initial contact with the golf training surface. Adjusting the angle of attack may help golfers achieve a cleaner golf swing. In some embodiments, the depth or intensity of the visual feedback may indicate the angle of attack. For example, referring to FIG. 3C, the visual feedback 332 having a deeper mark, may indicate a steeper angle of attack than the visual feedback 336.

[0071] FIG. 3D illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a club face angle of a golf club upon contact with a golf training surface 100. The arrows 116 may indicate the general direction of the golf swing. The club face angle may be the angle of the club face upon initial contact with the golf training surface. A closed club face faces a direction to the left of the general direction arrow 116, a square club face faces the same direction as the general direction arrow 116, and an open club face faces a direction to the right of the general direction arrow 116. The visual feedback may indicate the club face angle by the angle at the starting point of the visual feedback. Adjusting the club face angle may help golfers achieve the desired trajectory or direction of a target of their golf swing. Referring to FIG. 3D, the obtuse angle 342 at the starting point of the visual feedback may indicate a closed club face, as shown by the visual feedback 340. In another example, the 90° angle 342’ at thestarting point of the visual feedback may indicate a square club face, as shown by the visual feedback 344. In another example, the acute angle 342” may indicate an open club face, as shown by the visual feedback 348. Although the examples in FIG. 3D illustrate the visual feedback 340, 344, and 348 extending in the same direction as the indicated club face, embodiments are not so limited. For example, in some embodiments, the angle at the starting point of the visual feedback may indicate a closed club face facing the left, but the direction of the entire visual feedback, indicating swing path, may go towards the right.

[0072] FIG. 3E illustrates visual feedback generated by different golf swings indicating a level of follow through of the golf swing. The arrows 116 may indicate the general direction of the golf swing. Improving the quality of follow through can help golfers achieve a golf swing with increased power and control. The visual feedback may have a length and an ending point that indicates the level of follow through of the golf swing. In some embodiments, the length may be the distance between the starting point and ending point of the visual feedback. For example, referring to FIG. 3E, the visual feedback 352 may indicate a different level of follow through than the visual feedback 356, as the length 360 of the visual feedback 352 is longer than the length 364 of the visual feedback 356. In some embodiments, observing the ending point relative to a target position, such as a golf ball, prior to the golf swing may indicate the quality of the follow through. For example, referring to FIG. 3E, the longer length 368 between the target position 316 and the ending point for the visual feedback 352 may indicate a different quality of follow through than the length 372 of visual feedback 356.

[0073] FIG. 4 illustrates a flow diagram of a method of temporarily marking a golf training surface to generate a visual feedback of a golf swing characteristic using an aerosol spray, according to some embodiments. The method is described with reference to the golf training surface of FIGS. 1A and IB. The method may include, but is not limited to, the following steps.

[0074] The method may comprise providing 404 a marking agent configured to temporarily mark a golf training surface without permanently staining the golf training surface or without rendering it difficult to restore the golf training surface to a condition prior to the spraying (e.g., without using a paint-like substance that is difficult to remove or not easily removable from the golf training surface). The marking agent may comprise an aerosol spray, or variations thereof, as described herein. In some embodiments, the method may compriseproviding the marking agent in an alternative form than a spray, wherein the substance is configured to temporarily mark a golf training surface without permanently staining the golf training surface.

[0075] The method may further comprise coating 408 the golf training surface with the marking agent using an aerosol spray. The spray may further comprise one or more of a propellant or a dye. In some embodiments, this step may comprise applying the marking agent to the golf training surface by other means of application. The coated area of the golf training surface may be of any size or shape suitable for generating a visual feedback relating to the golf swing. The coated area of the golf training surface may be varied depending, for example, on the desired information to be collected.

[0076] In some embodiments, the method may comprise causing a target, such as a golf ball, to be placed on top of the golf training surface. In some preferred embodiments, the golfball may be placed anywhere on top of the coating of the marking agent. However, in some embodiments, the golf ball may be placed adjacent to the coating of the marking agent. In some embodiments, the method does not comprise causing an object to be placed on top of the golf training surface. In such embodiments, the target may be an area of the coated golf training surface. For example, a golfer may practice golf swings with a golf club but without hitting any golfballs.

[0077] The method may further comprise performing 412 a golf swing on the golf training surface using a golf club. In some embodiments, the golf swing moves at least some of the marking agent from an original location on the golf training surface. The movement of the marking agent may be caused by the physical contact of the golf club with the coating on the golf training surface. The movement of at least some of the marking agent may generate a visual feedback indicative of a golf swing characteristic associated with the performed golf swing, as described in embodiments herein. In some embodiments, the visual feedback is generated immediately after performing the golf swing.

[0078] In some embodiments, the method may further comprise observing the visual feedback to obtain one or more metrics associated with the visual feedback. In some embodiments, the metrics may include, but are not limited to, a starting point, a trajectory or direction, a depth, an impact angle, a length, and an ending point. In some embodiments, the method may comprise using the one or more metrics to indicate a swing characteristic orpattern associated with the golf swing. The visual feedback may indicate swing characteristics such as, but not limited to, swing path, impact zone, angle of attack, club face angle, and follow through. The method may further comprise adjusting a next golf swing based on the swing characteristic or pattern indicated by the visual feedback.

[0079] The method may comprise reapplying 416 the marking agent may be to the golf training surface after the golf swing. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise reapplying the marking agent to the golf training surface prior to the next golf swing. However, in some embodiments, the next golf swing may be performed without reapplying the marking agent to generate a second visual feedback. In some embodiments, the method may further comprise performing the next golf swing on a different area of the golf training surface with the marking agent.

[0080] Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” “include,” “including” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” The word “coupled,” as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Likewise, the word “connected,” as generally used herein, refers to two or more elements that may be either directly connected, or connected by way of one or more intermediate elements. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number, respectively. The word “or” in reference to a list of two or more items, that word covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

[0081] Moreover, conditional language used herein, such as, among others, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e g.,” “for example,” “such as” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and / or states. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements and / or states are in any way required for one or moreembodiments or whether these features, elements and / or states are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment.

[0082] While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Indeed, the novel apparatus, methods, and systems described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions, and changes in the form of the methods and systems described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure. For example, while features are presented in a given arrangement, alternative embodiments may perform similar functionalities with different components and / or sensor topologies, and some features may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined, and / or modified. Each of these features may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Any suitable combination of the elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. The various features and processes described above may be implemented independently of one another or may be combined in various ways. All possible combinations and subcombinations of features of this disclosure are intended to fall within the scope of this disclosure.

Claims

WHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. An aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface with a marking agent, the aerosol spray comprising: calcium carbonate with a particle size below 30 micron; titanium dioxide; an alcohol solvent; and a propellant.

2. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the alcohol solvent comprises 99.9% alcohol.

3. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the propellant comprises liquified petroleum gas.

4. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the aerosol spray further comprises a coloring dye.

5. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the aerosol spray is configured to be applied to the surface to temporarily mark the surface with the marking agent without permanently staining the surface.

6. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the surface comprises a golf training surface.

7. The aerosol spray of Claim 6, wherein the golf training surface comprises artificial turf.

8. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the surface is a tennis court surface.

9. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the surface comprises concrete or asphalt.

10. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the surface is part of a construction site.

11. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the aerosol spray is configured to adhere the marking agent to the surface.

12. The aerosol spray of Claim 11, wherein the aerosol spray is configured to adhere the marking agent to the surface with a strength that prevents the spray from being moved from the surface by a force of winds up to 30 mph.

13. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the marking agent is able to be moved from its location on the surface by a physical contact with a moving object.

14. The aerosol spray of Claim 1, wherein the marking agent can be removed from the surface using water.

15. The aerosol spray of Claim 13, wherein the aerosol spray is configured to generate a visual feedback in response to the physical contact between the moving object and the marking agent on a marked area of the surface.

16. The aerosol spray of Claim 15, wherein the moving object is a golf club during a golf swing.

17. A method of generating visual feedback from a moving object on a marked surface comprising: providing an aerosol spray configured to temporarily mark the surface with a marking agent, the aerosol spray comprising: calcium carbonate with a particle size below 30 micron; titanium dioxide; an alcohol solvent; and a propellant; applying the aerosol spray to the surface such that the marking agent is movable from the surface by a physical contact with the moving object; and causing the moving object to contact a marked area of the surface to move at least some of the marking agent from the surface; wherein the movement of at least some of the marking agent generates visual feedback indicative of a characteristic of an interaction between the moving object and the marked surface.

18. The method of Claim 17, wherein the aerosol spray is configured to temporarily mark the surface without permanently staining the surface.

19. The method of Claim 17, wherein the surface is a golf training surface.

20. The method of Claim 19, wherein the golf training surface comprises artificial turf.

21. The method of Claim 17, wherein the surface is a tennis court surface.

22. The method of Claim 17, wherein the surface comprises concrete or asphalt.

23. The method of Claim 17, wherein the surface is a construction site surface.

24. The method of Claim 17, wherein the marking agent adheres to the surface.

25. The method of Claim 24, wherein the marking agent adheres to the surface with a strength that prevents the spray from being removed from the surface by a force of winds up to 30 mph.

26. The method of Claim 17, wherein the marking agent is removable from the surface using water.

27. The method of Claim 19, wherein the moving object is a golf club during a golf swing.

28. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback is generated immediately after the golf swing.

29. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback indicates a swing path of the golf swing.

30. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback indicates an impact zone of the golf club with the golf training surface.

31. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback indicates an angle of attack of the golf swing.

32. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback indicates a club face angle of the golf club during the contact with the golf training surface.

33. The method of Claim 27, wherein the visual feedback indicates a level of follow through of the golf swing.

34. The method of Claim 17, wherein the alcohol solvent comprises 99.9% alcohol.

35. The method of Claim 17, wherein the propellant comprises liquified petroleum gas.

36. A method of generating visual feedback from a golf club on a marked golf training surface comprising: providing a marking agent configured to temporarily mark the golf training surface, the marking agent comprising: calcium carbonate with a particle size below 30 micron; titanium dioxide; and an alcohol solvent; applying the marking agent to the golf training surface such that the marking agent is movable by a physical contact with the golf club during a golf swing; and performing the golf swing on the golf training surface using the golf club, such that the golf club contacts a marked area of the golf training surface and moves at least some of the marking agent from its original location on the golf training surface;wherein the movement of the at least some of the marking agent from the golf training surface generates visual feedback indicative of a swing characteristic associated with the golf swing.

37. The method of Claim 36, wherein the marking agent is configured to temporarily mark the golf training surface without permanently staining the surface.

38. The method of Claim 36, wherein the golf training surface comprises artificial turf.

39. The method of Claim 36, wherein the marking agent is configured to adhere to the golf training surface.

40. The method of Claim 39, wherein the marking agent is configured to adhere to the golf training surface with a strength that prevents the agent from being moved by a force of winds up to 30 mph.

41. The method of Claim 36, wherein the marking agent is configured to be removable from the golf training surface using water.

42. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback is generated immediately after the golf swing.

43. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback indicates a swing path of the golf swing.

44. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback indicates an impact zone of the golf club with the golf training surface.

45. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback indicates an angle of attack of the golf swing.

46. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback indicates a club face angle of the golf club during an impact with the golf training surface.

47. The method of Claim 36, wherein the visual feedback indicates a level of follow through of the golf swing.

48. The method of Claim 36, further comprising observing the visual feedback.

49. The method of Claim 36, further comprising generating, based on the visual feedback, another visual feedback different from the visual feedback using another golf swing different from the golf swing.

50. The method of Claim 36, wherein the method further comprises reapplying the marking agent to the golf training surface prior to performing a next golf swing.51 . The method of Claim 36, wherein the marking agent comprises an aerosol spray.

52. The method of Claim 51, wherein the aerosol spray comprises a propellant.

53. An aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface with a marking agent, the aerosol spray comprising: a primary filler material; a secondary filler material; a solvent; and a propellant.

54. The aerosol spray of Claim 53, additionally comprising one or more compounds from one or more of the following categories: absorbent material, silicone compound, anticaking agent, emollient, pH adjuster, deodorizer, adhesive, synthetic binder, emulsifier, dispersing agent, antimicrobial agent, dyes, and pigments.

55. The aerosol spray of Claim 53, wherein the primary filler material is calcium carbonate and the secondary filler material is titanium dioxide.

56. The aerosol spray of Claim 53, wherein the primary filler material is talc.

57. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, wherein the secondary filler material is titanium dioxide.

58. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising comprise a natural adhesive, such as gum arabic or maltodextrin.

59. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising a synthetic binder, such as di-PEG-2 soyamine IPDI.

60. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising a dispersing agent such as propylene carbonate.

61. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising one or more anti-caking agents, such as silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, or aluminum starch octenylsuccinate.

62. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising a rheological agent, such as stearalkonium hectorite.

63. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising a co-solvent, such as tertiary butyl alcohol.

64. The aerosol spray of Claim 56, additionally comprising a safety agent, such as denatonium benzoate.

65. An aerosol spray for temporarily marking a surface with a marking agent, the aerosol spray comprising: calcium carbonate; titanium dioxide; ethyl alcohol; and liquefied petroleum gas.

66. The aerosol spray of Claim 65, further comprising one or more of aluminum starch octenyl succinate and zea mays corn starch.

67. The aerosol spray of Claim 65, further comprising tertiary butyl alcohol.

68. The aerosol spray of Claim 65, further comprising stearalkonium hectorite.

69. The aerosol spray of Claim 65, further comprising denatonium benzoate.

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