Method, apparatus, device and system for wake-up with acknowledgement feedback
By integrating explicit WUS ACK feedback into wireless network procedures, the method addresses inefficiencies in existing systems, reducing power consumption and complexity through optimized power management and resource allocation.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/128918
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-07-30
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-31
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems lack explicit wake-up signal (WUS) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback, leading to high overhead in initial access and random access channel procedures, particularly at higher frequencies, which is inefficient for nodes with limited power budgets and computation capabilities.
Incorporating explicit WUS ACK feedback into the WU procedure, allowing for reduced overhead by using wake-up signal response configurations that include ACK feedback, enabling efficient power management and resource allocation.
Reduces power consumption and operational complexity by minimizing beam sweeping and initial access overhead, optimizing power usage for low-powered applications.
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Figure CN2024128918_05022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHOD, APPARATUS, DEVICE AND SYSTEM FOR WAKE-UP WITH ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FEEDBACK
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 677,086 filed in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office on July 30, 2024, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to wireless communications, and in particular to methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for incorporating a wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback into a wake-up procedure in a wireless network.BACKGROUND
[0004] In wireless communication systems, for improving energy efficiency of network nodes or devices, wake-up mechanisms are implemented. The procedure in which a node is woken up may be referred to as a wake-up (WU) procedure. A large number of nodes are expected to be operating at power saving modes for most of the times. Consequently, power efficient WU procedures are required to be able to wake up such nodes whenever required. A paging procedure is an example of an application that requires such a WU procedure. When data arrives at the base station (BS) to be sent to a user equipment (UE) which is in an inactive or idle mode, the BS has to wake up the UE first and then sends the data to the UE in the downlink direction. The scope of the WU procedure is not limited to UEs and may include other nodes. For example, a transmit-receive point (TRP) or BS may enter a power saving mode and be woken up using a WU procedure.
[0005] In legacy communication systems, during a paging procedure for example, the paging receiver (RX) (e.g., the UE) performs procedures such as initial access and random access channel (RACH) procedures after receiving a paging trigger. This may impose a large overhead especially at higher frequencies in which beam alignment is a part of initial access and RACH procedures.
[0006] Future generation wireless communication systems are intended to have many nodes with a limited power budget and computation capability. In such scenarios, operations in the radio frequency (RF) analog domain may be preferred because typically digital processing increases power consumption and complexity, especially at high operational frequencies. Therefore, it may be beneficial to re-design signals, protocols, and algorithms for various procedures to reduce power consumption and operational complexity.SUMMARY
[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, devices and systems to overcome the shortcomings of the existing wireless system, as well as specific methods, apparatuses, devices, and systems for incorporating a wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback into a WU procedure in a wireless network. More specifically, a wake-up signal (WUS) response that includes an ACK feedback for the WUS is incorporated into a WU procedure in a wireless network. In other words, explicit ACK feedback for the WUS is incorporated into a WU procedure in a wireless network, in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In existing wireless network systems, there is no explicit feedback for the WUS, and feedback for the WUS is instead implicit in initial access and random access channel (RACH) procedures. Incorporation of the (explicit) WUS ACK feedback or the WUS response can reduce a part of overheads incurred in initial access and RACH procedures after WU. For example, the WUS response or the WU ACK feedback may be used to obtain or estimate sensing information associated with the WUS receiver, and the obtained or estimated sensing information can significantly reduce the overheads imposed by beam sweeping in initial access. As another example, the incorporation of the WUS response or the WU ACK feedback may reduce power usage of applications (e.g., low-powered applications) that need feedback for the WUS. Using explicit WUS response or WU ACK feedback is less power consuming than using feedback for the WUS that is implicit in initial access and RACH procedures.
[0008] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a first device involving receiving a wake-up signal response configuration. The method may further involve receiving a wake-up signal. The method may further involve communicating, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal.
[0009] In some implementations, the method may further include receiving a wake-up signal configuration; and processing, according to the wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal.
[0010] In some implementations, processing the wake-up signal includes decoding the wake-up signal.
[0011] In some implementations, processing the wake-up signal includes determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device.
[0012] In some implementations, the method may further include embedding, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for uplink (UL) data transmission after the communication of the wake-up signal response.
[0013] In some implementations, the method may further include embedding, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of a first device identity.
[0014] In some implementations, embedding the indication of the first device identity includes embedding, into the wake-up signal response, a wake-up signal response identity.
[0015] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response identity includes a global device identity of the first device or a function of the global device identity of the first device.
[0016] In some implementations, the global device identity of the first device includes an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) .
[0017] In some implementations, embedding the indication of the first device identity includes embedding, into an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity.
[0018] In some implementations, embedding the indication of the first device identity includes embedding, into one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity.
[0019] In some implementations, the one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response include one or more of: a linear frequency modulation rate of the wake-up signal response; an initial frequency of the wake-up signal response; a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence associated with the wake-up signal response; a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the wake-up signal response; and an initial state of the LFSR associated with the wake-up signal response.
[0020] In some implementations, the first device receives the wake-up signal response configuration while operating in a first operational mode, and the method may further include switching from the first operational mode to a second operational mode.
[0021] In some implementations, the first device receives the wake-up signal while operating in the second operational mode, and the method may further include generating, based on a result of processing of the wake-up signal, the wake-up signal response.
[0022] In some implementations, the method may further include switching, responsive to determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device, from the second operational mode to a third operational mode.
[0023] In some implementations, the first device transmits the wake-up signal response while operating in the third operational mode.
[0024] In some implementations, the third operational mode includes the first operational mode.
[0025] In some implementations, the first operational mode includes a connected mode.
[0026] In some implementations, the first operational mode includes a power saving mode.
[0027] In some implementations, the second operational mode includes a connected mode.
[0028] In some implementations, the second operational mode includes a power saving mode.
[0029] In some implementations, the second operational mode includes an idle mode.
[0030] In some implementations, the second operational mode includes an inactive mode.
[0031] In some implementations, the second operational mode includes a sleep mode.
[0032] In some implementations, the sleep mode includes a deep sleep mode.
[0033] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a delta shaped auto-correlation function.
[0034] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.
[0035] In some implementations, the wake-up signal has a type.
[0036] In some implementations, communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal.
[0037] In some implementations, communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a signal that has a type that is distinct from the type of the wake-up signal.
[0038] In some implementations, communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation.
[0039] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a frequency modulated continuous waveform.
[0040] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a triangular waveform.
[0041] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a discrete waveform.
[0042] In some implementations, the discrete waveform is based on a sequence.
[0043] In some implementations, wherein the sequence includes one of or a combination of: a Zadoff-Chu sequence; a pseudo-random sequence; an M-sequence; a Gold sequence; a Walsh sequence; a Golay sequence; a Kasami sequence; a Low density sequence; a discrete Fourier transform sequence; a fast Fourier transform sequence; and a quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.
[0044] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response.
[0045] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response.
[0046] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.
[0047] In some implementations, the first device includes a user equipment.
[0048] In some implementations, the first device includes a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.
[0049] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration is transmitted from a sensing management function (SeMF) node.
[0050] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a first device including means to perform the method illustrated in this disclosure. For example, the first device includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at the first device consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the first device includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor or the first device to perform a method for use at the first device consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. The computer executable instructions, when executed, for example, may cause the first device to receive a wake-up signal response configuration; receive a wake-up signal; and communicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal. Non-limiting examples of the first device are a user equipment (UE) , any other suitable client devices or apparatuses, a base station (BS) , a transmission and receive point (TRP) , and / or any other suitable network devices or apparatuses. In some implementations, the first device includes a chip, e.g., an IC chip, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) , an SoC chip, and / or an SIP chip. In some implementations, the first device does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the first device may include circuitry such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC, that performs the methods. More generally, the first device may include one or more units to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. The term “units” is used in a broad sense and may be referred to by any of various names, including for example, modules, components, elements, means, etc. The units may be implemented using hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof.
[0051] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a second device involving receiving, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.
[0052] In some implementations, the method may further include transmitting, according to a wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal.
[0053] In some implementations, the method may further include transmitting at least one of: a wake-up signal configuration, and the wake-up signal response configuration.
[0054] In some implementations, the method may further include receiving at least one of: a wake-up signal configuration, and the wake-up signal response configuration.
[0055] In some implementations, the method may further include processing, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, the wake-up signal response; and determining, responsive to processing the wake-up signal response, that the wake-up signal is successfully received by the first device.
[0056] In some implementations, processing the wake-up signal response includes decoding the wake-up signal response.
[0057] In some implementations, processing the wake-up signal response includes obtaining information embedded in the wake-up signal response.
[0058] In some implementations, the information embedded in the wake-up signal response includes an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for uplink (UL) data transmission after communication of the wake-up signal response.
[0059] In some implementations, the information embedded in the wake-up signal response includes an indication of a first device identity.
[0060] In some implementations, the first device identity includes a wake-up signal response identity.
[0061] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response identity includes a global device identity of the first device or a function of the global device identity of the first device.
[0062] In some implementations, the global device identity of the first device includes an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) .
[0063] In some implementations, the indication of the first device identity is embedded in an address of time-frequency resources used for the wake-up signal response.
[0064] In some implementations, the indication of the first device identity is embedded in one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response.
[0065] In some implementations, the one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response include one or more of: a linear frequency modulation rate of the wake-up signal response; an initial frequency of the wake-up signal response; a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu sequence associated with the wake-up signal response; a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the wake-up signal response; and an initial state of the LFSR associated with the wake-up signal response.
[0066] In some implementations, the method may further include obtaining, based on a result of processing the wake-up signal response, sensing information associated with the first device.
[0067] In some implementations, processing the wake-up signal response includes performing at least one of: a monostatic sensing operation on the wake-up signal response; a bi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response; and a multi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response.
[0068] In some implementations, wherein the sensing information includes at least one of: a distance between the first device and the second device; a velocity of the first device relative to the second device; an angle of arrival (AoA) of the wake-up signal response; and a position of the first device.
[0069] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response includes a signal having delta shaped auto-correlation function.
[0070] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.
[0071] In some implementations, the wake-up signal has a type.
[0072] In some implementations, receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal.
[0073] In some implementations, receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a signal that has a type that is distinct from the type of the wake-up signal.
[0074] In some implementations, receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation.
[0075] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a frequency modulated continuous waveform.
[0076] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a triangular waveform.
[0077] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal includes a discrete waveform.
[0078] In some implementations, the discrete waveform is based on a sequence.
[0079] In some implementations, the sequence includes one of or a combination of: a Zadoff-Chu sequence; a pseudo-random sequence; an M-sequence; a Gold sequence; a Walsh sequence; a Golay sequence; a Kasami sequence; a Low density sequence; a discrete Fourier transform sequence; a fast Fourier transform sequence; and a quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.
[0080] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response.
[0081] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response.
[0082] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.
[0083] In some implementations, the second device includes a user equipment.
[0084] In some implementations, the second device includes a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.
[0085] In some implementations, the second device includes a sensing management function (SeMF) node.
[0086] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a second device including means to perform the method illustrated in this disclosure. For example, the second device includes a processor configured to cause the processor to perform a method for use at the second device consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. In another example, the second device includes a processor coupled with a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium stores thereon computer executable instructions that when executed cause the processor or the second device to perform a method for use at the second device consistent with the embodiments described above and herein. The computer executable instructions, when executed, for example, may cause the second device to receive, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal. Non-limiting examples of the second device are a user equipment (UE) , any other suitable client devices or apparatuses, a base station (BS) , a transmission and receive point (TRP) , and / or any other suitable network devices or apparatuses. In some implementations, the second device includes a chip, e.g., an IC chip, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) , an SoC chip, and / or an SIP chip. In some implementations, the second device does not execute instructions by a processor to perform the methods, e.g., the second device may include circuitry such as an FPGA, a GPU, or an ASIC, that performs the methods. More generally, the second device may include one or more units to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. The term “units” is used in a broad sense and may be referred to by any of various names, including for example, modules, components, elements, means, etc. The units may be implemented using hardware, software, firmware or any combination thereof.
[0087] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program (also referred to as code or an instruction) . When the computer program is run or executed, a computer is enabled or caused to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0088] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. The computer-readable storage medium may be non-transitory.
[0089] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer-program. The computer program includes computer executable instructions that, when executed, cause a computer to perform a method as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0090] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus for implementing any of the method aspects as disclosed in the present disclosure.
[0091] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a device for implementing any of the method aspects as disclosed in the present disclosure.
[0092] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a UE or any suitable client apparatus of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the client apparatus or a module / component in the client apparatus. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0093] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an element / chipset system including means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement the method implemented by (or at) a network device of the present disclosure. The apparatus / chipset system may be the network device (e.g., a BS, a TRP, or any other suitable network device) or a module / component in the network device. In details, the at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0094] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a system including a first device of the present disclosure (or an element in (or at) a first device of the present disclosure) , and a second device of the present disclosure (or an element in (or at) a second device of the present disclosure) . The first device and / or second device may include at least one of a UE, a BS, a TRP, any suitable client apparatus of the present disclosure, and / or any other suitable network device of the present disclosure. The first device and second device may be configured to perform methods as described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include one or more first processors and a first processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first apparatus to receive a wake-up signal response configuration; receive a wake-up signal; and communicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal. The second apparatus may include one or more second processors and a second processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second apparatus to receive, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.
[0095] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a system including a first device of the present disclosure (or an element in (or at) a first device of the present disclosure) , and a second device of the present disclosure (or an element in (or at) a second device of the present disclosure) . The first device and / or second device may include at least one of a UE, a BS, a TRP, any suitable client apparatus of the present disclosure, and / or any other suitable network device of the present disclosure. The first device and second device may be those illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. For example, the first device may include one or more first processors and a first processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first apparatus to receive a wake-up signal response configuration; receive a wake-up signal; and communicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal. The second apparatus may include one or more second processors and a second processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second apparatus to receive, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0096] For a more complete understanding of the present embodiments, and the advantages thereof, reference is now made, by way of example, to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0097] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0098] FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0099] FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0100] FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an apparatus in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0101] FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating another example of an apparatus in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur.
[0102] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram illustrating a network that differs from the network illustrated in FIG. 2 in the addition of a sensing agent, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0103] FIG. 7 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a sensing management function, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0104] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a discrete linear frequency modulation (LFM) sequence.
[0105] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a general discrete triangular waveform.
[0106] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a first particular case of a discrete triangular waveform.
[0107] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a second particular case of a discrete triangular waveform.
[0108] FIG. 12 illustrates an example wake-up (WU) procedure, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0109] FIG. 13 illustrates another example WU procedure, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0110] FIG. 14 illustrates, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example LFM signal representation, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0111] FIG. 15 illustrates, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example of LFM-based signal, frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0112] FIG. 16 illustrates, in a time-frequency coordinate system, another example of LFM-based signal, triangular waveform, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0113] FIG. 17 illustrates, in a time-frequency coordinate system, an example of an LFM-based signal in a general format, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0114] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example linear feedback shift register with a plurality of shift registers, a feedback logic and a clock, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0115] FIG. 19 illustrates an example generation of a signal based on an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) that may be used for the WU acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0116] FIG. 20 illustrates another example generation of a signal based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0117] FIG. 21 illustrates another example generation of a signal based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0118] FIG. 22 illustrates another example generation of a signal based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0119] FIG. 23 illustrates example multi-carrier frequency shift keying (MC-FSK) waveforms, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0120] FIG. 24 illustrates an example combination of amplitude shift keying (ASK) and frequency shift keying (FSK) , in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0121] FIG. 25 is an example wireless system in which a WUS feedback is incorporated into a wake-up procedure, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0122] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of generating a WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0123] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example process of generating a WU ACK feedback signal , in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0124] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example process of generating a WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0125] FIG. 29 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of processing a WU ACK feedback signal at the receiver of an LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0126] FIG. 30 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example process of handling a WU ACK feedback signal at the receiver of an LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0127] FIG. 31 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example process of handling a WU ACK feedback signal at the receiver of the WU ACK feedback signal generated based on a sequence, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0128] FIG. 32 illustrates in a signal flow diagram, an example method in a wireless network system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0129] For illustrative purposes, specific example embodiments will now be explained in greater detail below in conjunction with the figures.
[0130] The embodiments set forth herein represent information sufficient to practice the claimed subject matter and illustrate ways of practicing such subject matter. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying figures, those of skill in the art will understand the concepts of the claimed subject matter and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the disclosure and the accompanying claims.
[0131] Moreover, it will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include or otherwise have access to a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu-ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0132] Implementations of the present disclosure include methods, apparatus and systems for incorporating a wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal to the wake-up procedure.
[0133] FIGS. 1 to 7 following below provide context for a network and apparatuses and devices that may be in the network and that may implement aspects of the present disclosure.
[0134] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but are not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0135] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0136] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that may be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications, such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, and the like.
[0137] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system may result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0138] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and 120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which may be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0139] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as a quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that may be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0140] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0141] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment (UE) ) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0142] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that may be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell may work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations, may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0143] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinate to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by a person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0144] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) , or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to. . . (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from. . . (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0145] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0146] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0147] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 may be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one or more of: connection availability and connection necessity.
[0148] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using a UL and / or a DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0149] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0150] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c may enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0151] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0152] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a, 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . The EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0153] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that may communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0154] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an example of an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as a T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one other apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or the number of apparatus 320 may vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0155] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0156] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0157] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0158] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0159] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0160] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may be the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0161] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0162] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also may be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which may be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of an ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0163] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0164] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 may store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0165] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0166] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0167] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0168] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also referred to as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be referred to as static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0169] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0170] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits may be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 may include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0171] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of the baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0172] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0173] FIG. 5 illustrates an example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0174] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0175] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0176] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0177] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core –a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0178] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0179] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0180] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0181] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0182] A memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a ReRAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0183] An air interface generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices. For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (e.g., data) over a wireless communications link. The wireless communications link may support a link between a radio access network and user equipment (e.g., a “Uu” link) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a device and another device, such as between two user equipments (UEs) (e.g., a “sidelink” ) , and / or the wireless communications link may support a link between a non-terrestrial (NT) -communication network and a UE. The followings are some examples for the above components.
[0184] · A waveform component may specify a shape and a form of a signal being transmitted. Waveform options may include orthogonal multiple access waveforms and non-orthogonal multiple access waveforms. Non-limiting examples of such waveform options include Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) , Direct Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-OFDM) , Filtered OFDM (f-OFDM) , Time windowing OFDM, Filter Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) , Universal Filtered Multicarrier (UFMC) , Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) , Wavelet Packet Modulation (WPM) , Faster Than Nyquist (FTN) Waveform and low Peak to Average Power Ratio Waveform (low PAPR WF) .
[0185] · A frame structure component may specify a configuration of a frame or a group of frames. The frame structure component may indicate one or more of a time, a frequency, a pilot signature, a code, a subcarrier spacing, a cyclic prefix length or other parameter (s) of the frame or a group of frames. Further details of the frame structure are discussed below or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0186] · A multiple access scheme component may specify multiple access technique options, including technologies defining how communicating devices share a common physical channel, such as TDMA, FDMA, CDMA, space division multiple access (SDMA) , OFDMA, SC-FDMA, Low Density Signature Multicarrier CDMA (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) ; Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) . Furthermore, multiple access technique options may include: scheduled access vs. non-scheduled access, also known as grant-free access; non-orthogonal multiple access vs. orthogonal multiple access, e.g., via a dedicated channel resource (e.g., no sharing between multiple communicating devices) ; contention-based shared channel resources vs. non-contention-based shared channel resources; and cognitive radio-based access.
[0187] · A hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) protocol component may specify how a transmission and / or a re-transmission is to be made. Non-limiting examples of transmission and / or re-transmission mechanism options include those that specify a scheduled data pipe size, a signaling mechanism for transmission and / or re-transmission, and a re-transmission mechanism.
[0188] · A coding and modulation component may specify how information being transmitted may be encoded / decoded and modulated / demodulated for transmission / reception purposes. Coding may refer to methods of error detection and forward error correction. Non-limiting examples of coding options include turbo trellis codes, turbo product codes, fountain codes, low-density parity check codes and polar codes. Modulation may refer, simply, to the constellation (including, for example, the modulation technique and order) , or more specifically to various types of advanced modulation methods such as hierarchical modulation and low PAPR modulation.
[0189] In some embodiments, the air interface may be a “one-size-fits-all concept. ” For example, the components within the air interface cannot be changed or adapted once the air interface is defined. In some implementations, only limited parameters or modes of an air interface, such as a cyclic prefix (CP) length or a MIMO mode, may be configured. In some embodiments, an air interface design may provide a unified or flexible framework to support frequencies below known 6 GHz bands and frequencies beyond the 6 GHz bands (e.g., mmWave bands) for both licensed and unlicensed access. As an example, flexibility of a configurable air interface provided by a scalable numerology and symbol duration may allow for transmission parameter optimization for different spectrum bands and for different services / devices. As another example, a unified air interface may be self-contained in a frequency domain and a frequency domain self-contained design may support more flexible RAN slicing through channel resource sharing between different services in both frequency and time.
[0190] A frame structure is a feature of the wireless communication physical layer that defines a time domain signal transmission structure, e.g., to allow for timing reference and timing alignment of basic time domain transmission units. Wireless communication between communicating devices may occur on time-frequency resources governed by a frame structure. The frame structure may, sometimes, instead be referred to as a radio frame structure.
[0191] Depending upon the frame structure and / or configuration of frames in the frame structure, frequency division duplex (FDD) and / or time-division duplex (TDD) and / or full duplex (FD) communication may be possible. FDD communication may be used when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur in different frequency bands. TDD communication may be used when transmissions in different directions (e.g., uplink vs. downlink) occur over different time durations. FD communication may be used when transmission and reception occur on the same time-frequency resource, i.e., a device may both transmit and receive on the same frequency resource concurrently in time.
[0192] One example of a frame structure is a frame structure in long-term evolution (LTE) cellular systems, having the following specifications: each frame is 10 ms in duration; each frame has 10 subframes, which subframes are each 1 ms in duration; each subframe includes two slots, each of which slots is 0.5 ms in duration; each slot is for the transmission of seven OFDM symbols (assuming normal CP) ; each OFDM symbol has a symbol duration and a particular bandwidth (or partial bandwidth or bandwidth partition) related to the number of subcarriers and subcarrier spacing; the frame structure is based on OFDM waveform parameters such as subcarrier spacing and CP length (where the CP has a fixed length or limited length options) ; and the switching gap between uplink and downlink in TDD has to be the integer time of OFDM symbol duration.
[0193] Another example of a frame structure is a frame structure in new radio (NR) having the following specifications: multiple subcarrier spacings are supported, each subcarrier spacing corresponding to a respective numerology; the frame structure depends on the numerology, but the frame length is set at 10 ms and each frame consists of ten subframes, each subframe of 1 ms duration; a slot is defined as 14 OFDM symbols; and slot length depends upon the numerology. For example, the NR frame structure for normal CP 15 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 1” ) and the NR frame structure for normal CP 30 kHz subcarrier spacing ( “numerology 2” ) are different. For 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 1 ms and, for 30 kHz subcarrier spacing, the slot length is 0.5 ms. The NR frame structure may have more flexibility than the LTE frame structure.
[0194] Another example of a frame structure is a flexible frame structure, e.g., for use in a 6G network or a later network. In a flexible frame structure, a symbol block may be defined as the minimum duration of time that may be scheduled in the flexible frame structure. A symbol block may be a unit of transmission having an optional redundancy portion (e.g., CP portion) and an information (e.g., data) portion. An OFDM symbol is an example of a symbol block. A symbol block may alternatively be referred to as a symbol. Embodiments of flexible frame structures include different parameters that may be configurable, e.g., frame length, subframe length, symbol block length, etc. A non-exhaustive list of possible configurable parameters, in some embodiments of a flexible frame structure, includes:
[0195] 1) A frame length parameter: The frame length needs not be limited to 10 ms and the frame length may be configurable and change over time. In some embodiments, each frame includes one or multiple downlink synchronization channels and / or one or multiple downlink broadcast channels and each synchronization channel and / or broadcast channel may be transmitted in a different direction by different beamforming. The frame length may be more than one possible value and configured based on the application scenario. For example, autonomous vehicles may require relatively fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 5 ms for autonomous vehicle applications. As another example, smart meters on houses may not require fast initial access, in which case the frame length may be set as 20 ms for smart meter applications.
[0196] 2) A subframe duration parameter: A subframe might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. For example, a frame may be defined to include slots, but no subframes. In frames in which a subframe is defined, e.g., for time domain alignment, then the duration of the subframe may be configurable. For example, a subframe may be configured to have a length of 0.1 ms or 0.2 ms or 0.5 ms or 1 ms or 2 ms or 5 ms, etc. In some embodiments, if a subframe is not needed in a particular scenario, then the subframe length may be defined to be the same as the frame length or not defined.
[0197] 3) A slot configuration parameter: A slot might or might not be defined in the flexible frame structure, depending upon the implementation. In frames in which a slot is defined, then the definition of a slot (e.g., in time duration and / or in number of symbol blocks) may be configurable. In one embodiment, the slot configuration is common to all UEs or a group of UEs. For this case, the slot configuration information may be transmitted to the UEs in a broadcast channel or common (or group) control channel (s) . In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be UE specific, in which case the slot configuration information may be transmitted in a UE-specific control channel. In some embodiments, the slot configuration signaling may be transmitted together with frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In other embodiments, the slot configuration may be transmitted independently from the frame configuration signaling and / or subframe configuration signaling. In general, the slot configuration may be system common, base station common, UE group common or UE specific.
[0198] 4) A subcarrier spacing (SCS) parameter: The SCS parameter is one parameter of scalable numerology that may allow the SCS to possibly range from 15 KHz to 480 KHz. The SCS may vary with the frequency of the spectrum and / or maximum UE speed to minimize the impact of Doppler shift and phase noise. In some examples, there may be separate transmission and reception frames and the SCS of symbols in the reception frame structure may be configured independently from the SCS of symbols in the transmission frame structure. The SCS in a reception frame may be different from the SCS in a transmission frame. In some examples, the SCS of each transmission frame may be half the SCS of each reception frame. If the SCS between a reception frame and a transmission frame is different, the difference does not necessarily have to scale by a factor of two, e.g., if more flexible symbol durations are implemented using inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) instead of fast Fourier transform (FFT) . Additional examples of frame structures may be used with different SCSs.
[0199] 5) A parameter indicative of a flexible transmission duration of a basic transmission unit: The basic transmission unit may be a symbol block (alternatively referred to as a symbol) , which, in general, includes a redundancy portion (referred to as the CP) and an information (e.g., data) portion. In some embodiments, the CP may be omitted from the symbol block. The CP length may be flexible and configurable. The CP length may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and the CP length may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling. The information (e.g., data) portion may be flexible and configurable. Another possible parameter relating to a symbol block that may be defined is a ratio of CP duration to information (e.g., data) duration. In some embodiments, the symbol block length may be adjusted according to a channel condition (e.g., multi-path delay, Doppler) , and / or a latency requirement, and / or an available time duration. As another example, a symbol block length may be adjusted to fit an available time duration in the frame.
[0200] 6) A Flexible switch gap parameter: A frame may include both a downlink portion, for downlink transmissions from a base station, and an uplink portion, for uplink transmissions from UEs. A gap may be present between each uplink and downlink portion, where gap is referred to as a switching gap. The switching gap length (duration) may be configurable. A switching gap duration may be fixed within a frame or flexible within a frame and a switching gap duration may possibly change from one frame to another, or from one group of frames to another group of frames, or from one subframe to another subframe, or from one slot to another slot, or dynamically from one scheduling to another scheduling.
[0201] A device, such as a base station, may provide coverage over a cell. Wireless communication with the device may occur over one or more carrier frequencies. A carrier frequency may be referred to as a carrier. A carrier may alternatively be referred to as a component carrier (CC) . A carrier may be characterized by its bandwidth and a reference frequency, e.g., the center frequency of the carrier, the lowest frequency of the carrier or the highest frequency of the carrier. A carrier may be on a licensed spectrum or an unlicensed spectrum. Wireless communication with the device may also, or instead, occur over one or more bandwidth parts (BWPs) . For example, a carrier may have one or more BWPs. More generally, wireless communication with the device may occur over spectrum. The spectrum may comprise one or more carriers and / or one or more BWPs.
[0202] A cell may include one or multiple downlink resources and, optionally, one or multiple uplink resources. A cell may include one or multiple uplink resources and, optionally, one or multiple downlink resources. A cell may include both one or multiple downlink resources and one or multiple uplink resources. As an example, a cell might only include one downlink carrier / BWP, or only include one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include one downlink carrier / BWP and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and one uplink carrier / BWP, or include multiple downlink carriers / BWPs and multiple uplink carriers / BWPs. In some embodiments, a cell may, instead or additionally, include one or multiple sidelink resources, including sidelink transmitting and receiving resources.
[0203] A BWP is a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on a carrier, or a set of contiguous or non-contiguous frequency subcarriers on multiple carriers, or a set of non-contiguous or contiguous frequency subcarriers, which may have one or more carriers.
[0204] In some embodiments, a carrier may have one or more BWPs, e.g., a carrier may have a bandwidth of 20 MHz and consist of one BWP or a carrier may have a bandwidth of 80 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous BWPs, etc. In other embodiments, a BWP may have one or more carriers, e.g., a BWP may have a bandwidth of 40 MHz and consist of two adjacent contiguous carriers, where each carrier has a bandwidth of 20 MHz. In some embodiments, a BWP may comprise a non-contiguous spectrum resource, which consists of non-contiguous multiple carriers, where the first carrier of the non-contiguous multiple carriers may be in mmW band, the second carrier may be in a low band (such as 2 GHz band) , the third carrier (if it exists) may be in THz band and the fourth carrier (if it exists) may be in visible light band. Resources in one carrier which belongs to the BWP may be contiguous or non-contiguous. In some embodiments, a BWP has non-contiguous spectrum resources on one carrier.
[0205] Wireless communication may occur over an occupied bandwidth. The occupied bandwidth may be defined as the width of a frequency band such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage, β / 2, of the total mean transmitted power, for example, the value of β / 2 is taken as 0.5%.
[0206] The carrier, the BWP, or the occupied bandwidth may be signaled by a network device (e.g., by a base station) dynamically, e.g., in physical layer control signaling such as the known DCI, or semi-statically, e.g., in radio resource control (RRC) signaling or in signaling in the medium access control (MAC) layer, or be predefined based on the application scenario; or be determined by the UE as a function of other parameters that are known by the UE, or may be fixed, e.g., by a standard.
[0207] User Equipment (UE) position information is used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics of the network. Such performance metrics may include, but are not limited to, capacity, agility, and efficiency. Improvement to the performance metrics may be achieved when elements of the communication network exploit the position, behavior, mobility patterns, etc., of the UE in the context of a priori information describing a wireless environment in which the UE is operating.
[0208] A sensing system may be used to help gather UE pose information, including, but not limited to, its location in a global coordinate system, its velocity and direction of movement in the global coordinate system, orientation information, and the information about the wireless environment. In this disclosure, the term “location” may also be referred to as “position” and these two terms may be used interchangeably herein. Examples of sensing systems include, but are not limited to, RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) . While the sensing system may be separate from the communication system, the sensing information may be gathered using an integrated system, thereby reducing hardware in the system and the cost as well as the time, frequency, or spatial resources required to achieve both sensing and communication functionalities. Moreover, the sensing of UE pose and environment information using communication system hardware relates to factors such as, but not limited to, the resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and a large number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated.
[0209] Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing, joint sensing and communication, and other similar names) is proposed for existing and future communication systems.
[0210] Any or all of the EDs 110 and BS 170 may be sensing nodes in the system 100. Sensing nodes are network entities that perform sensing by transmitting and receiving sensing signals. Some sensing nodes are communication equipment that perform both communications and sensing. However, it is possible that some sensing nodes do not perform communications and are, instead, dedicated to sensing.
[0211] The network illustrated in FIG. 6 differs from the network illustrated in FIG. 2 in the addition of a sensing agent 174, which is an example of a sensing node that is dedicated to sensing. Unlike the EDs 110 and BS 170, the sensing agent 174 does not transmit or receive communication signals. However, the sensing agent 174 may communicate configuration information, sensing information, signaling information or other information within the communication system 100. The sensing agent 174 may be in communication with the core network 130 to communicate information with the rest of the communication system 100. By way of example, the sensing agent 174 may determine the location of the ED 110a and transmit this information to the base station 170a via the core network 130. Although only one sensing agent 174 is shown in FIG. 6, any number of sensing agents may be implemented in the communication system 100. In some embodiments, one or more sensing agents may be implemented at one or more of the RANs 120.
[0212] A sensing node may combine sensing-based techniques with reference signal-based techniques to enhance UE pose determination. This type of sensing node may also be known as a sensing management function (SeMF) . In some networks, the SeMF may also be known as a location management function (LMF) . The SeMF may be implemented as a physically independent entity located at the core network 130 with connection to the multiple BSs 170. In other aspects of the present disclosure, the SeMF may be implemented as a logical entity co-located inside a BS 170 through logic carried out by the processor 260.
[0213] As shown in FIG. 7, an SeMF 176, when implemented as a physically independent entity, includes at least one processor 290, at least one transmitter 282, at least one receiver 284, one or more antennas 286 and at least one memory 288. A transceiver, not shown, may be used instead of the transmitter 282 and the receiver 284. A scheduler 283 may be coupled to the processor 290. The scheduler 283 may be included within or operated separately from the SeMF 176. The processor 290 may implement various processing operations of the SeMF 176, such as signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing or any other functionality. The processor 290 may also be configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. Each processor 290 may include any suitable processing or computing device (s) configured to perform one or more operations. Each processor 290 could, for example, include a microprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor, field programmable gate array or application specific integrated circuit.
[0214] A reference signal-based pose determination technique belongs to an “active” pose estimation method. In an active pose estimation, the enquirer of pose information (e.g., the UE) takes part in process of determining the pose of the enquirer. The enquirer may transmit or receive (or both) a signal specific to pose determination process. Positioning techniques based on a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as the known Global Positioning System (GPS) are other example techniques that belong to the active pose estimation method.
[0215] In contrast, a sensing-based technique, based on radar for example, may be considered as belonging to a “passive” pose determination method. In a passive pose determination method, the target is oblivious to the pose determination process.
[0216] By integrating sensing and communications in one system, the system does not need to operate according to only a single method. Thus, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques may yield enhanced pose determination.
[0217] The enhanced pose determination may, for example, include obtaining UE channel sub-space information, which is particularly useful for UE channel reconstruction at the sensing node, especially for a beam-based operation and communication. The UE channel sub-space is a subset of the entire algebraic space, defined over the spatial domain, in which the entire channel from the TP to the UE lies. Accordingly, the UE channel sub-space defines the TP-to-UE channel with very high accuracy. The signals transmitted over other sub-spaces may result in a negligible contribution to the UE channel. Knowledge of the UE channel sub-space helps to reduce the effort needed for channel measurement at the UE and channel reconstruction at the network-side. Therefore, the combination of sensing-based techniques and reference signal-based techniques may enable the UE channel reconstruction with much less overhead, when compared to traditional methods. Sub-space information may also facilitate sub-space-based sensing to reduce sensing complexity and improve sensing accuracy.
[0218] In some embodiments of integrated sensing and communication, a same radio access technology (RAT) is used for sensing and communication. This may avoid multiplexing two different RATs under one carrier spectrum, or necessitating two different carrier spectrums for the two different RATs.
[0219] In embodiments that integrate sensing and communication under one RAT, a first set of channels may be used to transmit a sensing signal, and a second set of channels may be used to transmit a communications signal. In some embodiments, each channel in the first set of channels and each channel in the second set of channels is a logical channel, a transport channel, or a physical channel.
[0220] At the physical layer, communication and sensing may be performed via separate physical channels. For example, a first physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-C may be defined for data communication, while a second physical downlink shared channel PDSCH-Sis defined for sensing. Similarly, separate physical uplink shared channels (PUSCH) , PUSCH-C and PUSCH-S, may be defined for uplink communication and sensing.
[0221] In another example, the same PDSCH and PUSCH may be also used for both communication and sensing, with separate logical layer channels and / or transport layer channels defined for communication and sensing. It is noted that control channel (s) and data channel (s) for sensing may have the same or different channel structure (formats) , occupy same or different frequency bands or bandwidth parts.
[0222] In a further example, a common physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a common physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be used to carry control information for both sensing and communication. Alternatively, separate physical layer control channels may be used to carry separate control information for communication and sensing. For example, PUCCH-Sand PUCCH-C could be used for uplink control for sensing and communication respectively, and PDCCH-Sand PDCCH-C for downlink control for sensing and communication respectively.
[0223] Different combinations of shared and dedicated channels for sensing and communication, at each of the physical, transport, and logical layers, are possible.
[0224] The term RADAR originates from the phrase Radio Detection and Ranging; however, expressions with different forms of capitalization (e.g., Radar and radar) are also valid and may be more commonly used. Radar is typically used for detecting a presence and a location of an object. A radar system radiates radio frequency energy and receives echoes of the energy reflected from one or more targets. The system determines the pose of a given target based on the echoes returned from the given target. The radiated energy may be in the form of an energy pulse or a continuous wave, which may be expressed or defined by a particular waveform. Examples of waveforms used in radar include frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) and ultra-wideband (UWB) waveforms.
[0225] Radar systems may be monostatic, bi-static or multi-static. In a monostatic radar system, the radar signal transmitter and receiver are co-located, such as being integrated in a transceiver. In a bi-static radar system, the transmitter and receiver are spatially separated, and the distance of separation is comparable to, or larger than, the expected target distance (often referred to as the range) . In a multi-static radar system, two or more radar components are spatially diverse but with a shared area of coverage. A multi-static radar is also referred to as a multisite or netted radar.
[0226] Terrestrial radar applications may encounter challenges such as multipath propagation and shadowing impairments. Another challenge may include a problem relating to identifiability because terrestrial targets have similar physical attributes. Integrating sensing into a communication system may suffer from these same challenges, and / or other challenges.
[0227] Communication nodes may be either half-duplex or full-duplex. A half-duplex node cannot both transmit and receive using the same physical resources (time, frequency, etc. ) ; conversely, a full-duplex node may transmit and receive using the same physical resources. Existing commercial wireless communications networks (e.g., 1G through 6G) are all half-duplex. Even if full-duplex communications networks are used in the future, it is expected that at least some of the nodes in the network will still be half-duplex nodes because half-duplex devices are less complex, and have lower cost and lower power consumption. In particular, full-duplex implementation is more challenging at higher frequencies (e.g., in the millimeter wave bands) and very challenging for small and low-cost devices, such as femtocell base stations and UEs.
[0228] The limitation (s) of half-duplex nodes in the communications network may present further challenges in respect of integrating sensing and communications into the devices and systems of the communications network. For example, both half-duplex and full-duplex nodes may perform bi-static or multi-static sensing, but monostatic sensing typically requires the sensing node to have full-duplex capability. A half-duplex node may perform monostatic sensing with certain limitations, such as in a pulsed radar with a specific duty cycle and ranging capability.
[0229] Properties of a sensing signal, or a signal used for both sensing and communication, may include the waveform of the signal and the frame structure of the signal. The frame structure defines the time-domain boundaries of the signal. The waveform may describe the shape of the signal as a function of time and frequency. Examples of waveforms that may be used for a sensing signal include ultra-wide band (UWB) pulse, Frequency-Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) or “chirp” , orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) , cyclic prefix (CP) -OFDM, and Discrete Fourier Transform spread (DFT-s) -OFDM.
[0230] In an embodiment, the sensing signal is a linear chirp signal with bandwidth B and time duration T. A linear chirp signal may also be known as a linearly frequency modulated (LFM) signal. Such a linear chirp signal is generally known from its use in FMCW radar systems. A linear chirp signal is defined by an increase in frequency from an initial frequency, fchirp0, at an initial time, tchirp0, to a final frequency, fchirp1, at a final time, tchirp1 where the relation between the frequency (f) and time (t) may be expressed as a linear relation of f-fchirp0=α (t-tchirp0) , where is defined as the chirp slope. Instead of the term “chirp slope, ” the same parameter may also be referred to as a chirp rate, an LFM slope and an LFM rate. The bandwidth of the linear chirp signal may be defined as B=fchirp1-fchirp0 and the time duration of the linear chirp signal may be defined as T=tchirp1-tchirp0. Such linear chirp signal may be presented as in the baseband representation.
[0231] Discrete LFM sequence may be obtained by taking samples from a continuous LFM waveform. An LFM waveform is a waveform for which the frequency is a linear function of time. FIG. 8 shows an example of a discrete LFM sequence 800. In FIG. 8, T is the total time duration of the continuous waveform the samples are taken from, Ts the sampling time, N is the total number of samples, u is the LFM rate of the discrete LFM sequence 800, and s is the initial frequency of the discrete LFM sequence 800.
[0232] Considering the discrete LFM sequence, it may be assumed that there are M possibilities for LFM rate u denoted by and there are N possibilities for s denoted by Consequently, the set of all sequence parameters in this case may be written as The wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal may be defined as:
[0233] where wi, g denotes the discrete LFM sequence characterized by LFM rate ui and initial frequency sg, bi, g∈ {0, 1} is a binary selection parameter which determines if wi, g is present in the waveform or not, and qi, g represents the QAM symbol embedded into wi, g. It is noted that the information may be not only embedded into the QAM symbols but also embedded into the selection parameters. More specifically, the presence or absence of wi, g may carry a bit of information. {bi, g} i, g and {qi, g} i, g may be referred to as data embedding parameters and may be referred to as discrete LFM sequence configuration parameters.
[0234] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to configuration parameters for a general type of discrete triangular waveform.
[0235] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to configuration parameters for a general type of modified Zadoff Chu (ZC) sequence.
[0236] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a general discrete triangular waveform 900.
[0237] With reference to FIG. 9, a general discrete triangular waveform 900 may be generated from two discrete LFM waveforms. The general discrete triangular waveform 900 may be mathematically described as:
[0238] where x [n] is representative of an nth sample of the general discrete triangular waveform 900.
[0239] Additionally, T (in seconds) is the total duration of the triangular waveform 900 and Ts (in seconds) is the time between subsequent samples. Furthermore, the general discrete triangular waveform 900 may be understood to be subject to conditions, such as and T= (N1+N2) Ts. The representation of the sequence, x, may be understood to have six independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, s1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0240] An alternative for using the general discrete triangular waveform 900 is to use a pair of ZC sequences, wherein one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may be understood to include a first ZC sequence and a second ZC sequence. The first ZC sequence may be described as having a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The second ZC sequence may be described as having a second root, u2, and a second length, N2.
[0241] The discrete triangular waveform 900 generated based on the pair of ZC sequences may be mathematically described as:
[0242] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with It is notable that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has five independent parameters, namely, u1, u2, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0243] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to characterizing a first particular case of the general discrete triangular waveform described hereinbefore. The first particular case may be characterized based on an assumption that u1N1=-u2N2. This particular property may be shown to help to preserve continuity of the signal in the time-frequency domain when multiple discrete triangular waveforms are multiplexed in time, as will be discussed hereinafter. FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a discrete triangular waveform in this first particular case 1000.
[0244] Notably, the assumption that u1N1=-u2N2 reduces the number of independent parameters by one. As a result, this first particular case may have five independent parameters. Notably, the five independent parameters may include s1 and Ts, and three other parameters selected from the following four parameters, u1, u2, N1, N2. For example, the five independent parameters may include s1 and Ts and u1, N1 and N2. Although a function, may be used to obtain u2 based on u1, N1 and N2, it may be considered to be more efficient to simply substitute with any time u2 that would have been used. After such a substitution, the first particular case 1000 of the discrete triangular waveform may be mathematically described as:
[0245] One alternative for using the first particular case 1000 of discrete triangular waveform provided hereinbefore, may involve using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u1, and a first length, N1. The pair of ZC sequences may include a second ZC sequence with a second root, u2, and a second length, N2. The first particular case 1000 of discrete triangular waveform generated based on the pair of ZC sequences may be mathematically described as:
[0246] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with The second root may be obtained using the function described hereinbefore, It is noted that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has four independent parameters, namely, u1, N1, N2 and Ts.
[0247] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to characterizing a second particular case of the general discrete triangular waveform described hereinbefore. The second particular case of the discrete triangular waveform may be characterized in that and Using parameters, u and N, that are non-specific to the first LFM waveform or the second LFM waveform, the second particular case of the discrete triangular waveform may be mathematically described as:
[0248] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of the second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform. Notably, the second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform may be characterized with four independent parameters, namely, u, N, s1 and Ts. Furthermore, the second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform may be found to be consistent with the assumption, u1N1=-u2N2 , that was discussed, hereinbefore, in the context of the first particular case 1000 of the discrete triangular waveform. For the second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform, the assumption may be restated as
[0249] One alternative for using the second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of discrete triangular waveform provided hereinbefore, may involve using a pair of ZC sequences, where one of the ZC sequences has been modified to preserve phase continuity at the intersection of the two ZC sequences. The pair of ZC sequences may include a first ZC sequence with a first root, u, and a length, The pair of ZC sequences may include a second ZC sequence with a second root, -u, and a length, The second particular case 1100 (symmetric) of the discrete triangular waveform generated based on the pair of ZC sequences may be mathematically described as:
[0250] Notably, the second ZC sequence has a modification compared to the standard form of a ZC sequence. A frequency offset term, has been added to help establish phase continuity at the intersection of the two sequences, with s3=-u (N+2) . It is noted that the frequency offset term is not mandatory but the frequency offset term does provide advantageous phase continuity. The above representation of sequence x has three independent parameters, namely, u, N and Ts.
[0251] In wireless systems, a node such as a UE may transition into an idle or inactive mode or another power saving mode in order to reduce power consumption when the node does not have data to receive from other nodes or when the node does not have data to send to other nodes. However, after the transitioning, there might be a need for the node to wake up and perform a specific procedure. The procedure in which a node is woken up may be referred to as a wake-up (WU) procedure. A paging procedure is an example of an application that requires such a WU procedure. When data arrives at the base station (BS) to be sent to a UE which is in an inactive or idle mode, the BS may need to wake up the UE first and then send the data to the UE in the downlink direction. The scope of the WU procedure is not limited to UEs and may include other nodes. For example, a transmit-receive point (TRP) or BS may enter a power saving mode and be woken up using the WU procedure.
[0252] Nodes in future generation communication systems are intended to operate in low power modes with a relatively small computational power. For such nodes with power budget and computation constraints, radio frequency (RF) analog operations may be preferred because digital processing may increase the complexity and power consumption especially at higher frequencies.
[0253] The signals generated based on linear frequency modulation (LFM) are used for low complexity processing. These signals are referred to as chirp-based signals or LFM-based signals for purposes of this disclosure. LFM-based signals may be processed using operations mostly in the RF analog domain which may greatly reduce the power consumption.
[0254] Aspects of the disclosure incorporate a wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal into the wake-up procedure. Accordingly, if a wake-up signal (WUS) receiver detects the WUS successfully, the WUS receiver generates and transmits a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. By adding the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal to the wake-up procedure, the wake-up signal transmitter node or any another node (e.g., TRP, BS, UE, etc. ) can determine if the wake-up procedure has been successful. Additionally, the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal can be processed to obtain the sensing information associated with the transmitter of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal which is the receiver of the wake-up signal.
[0255] In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transmission of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal may be understood as an example of communicating a wake-up acknowledgement feedback or a wake-up signal response that includes acknowledgment feedback for the wake-up signal. In other words, in some embodiments, whether the wake-up signal is successfully received by the WUS receiver may be communicated to the WUS transmitter without actively transmitting a particular signal (e.g., passive communication of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal or wake-up signal response) . For example, in some embodiments, the WUS transmitter may consider that the WUS receiver failed to receive the WUS if the WUS transmitter does not receive any indication from the WUS receiver within a predetermined time. As another example, in some embodiments, the WUS receiver may be a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) which is configured to redirect a received signal through signal modulation, and the WUS transmitter considers that the WUS is successfully received by the WUS receiver when the WUS transmitter receives the signal redirected from the WUS receiver within a predetermined time after the WUS is transmitted from the WUS transmitter to the WUS receiver.
[0256] The passive communication of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal or wake-up signal response illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure may be applicable to other embodiments or aspects of the present disclosure, including those illustrated below or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0257] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method includes receiving, at a wake-up signal transmitter (TX) , an indication of configuration parameters of a wake-up signal corresponding to a wake-up signal receiver (RX) as well as an indication of configuration parameters of a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal corresponding to the wake-up signal RX. The method further includes, in the case of having a cause (or a trigger) for wake-up of the RX, generating the wake-up signal based on the configuration parameters of the wake-up signal and possibly embedding the required information into the parameter of the wake-up signal and transmitting the wake-up signal. The method further includes, receiving at the wake-up signal TX a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal from the RX and processing the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The processing is based on the configuration parameters of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal and allows the wake-up signal TX to determine that the wake-up signal RX has successfully received and decoded the wake-up signal, and potentially obtain the information from the parameters of the received wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The processing may further include sensing parameter estimation which allows the wake-up signal TX to obtain sensing parameters of the wake-up signal RX. The sensing parameters include, but are not limited to, range, velocity, angle, and position.
[0258] In some embodiments, the range may refer to the distance between wake-up signal RX and wake-up signal TX.
[0259] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method includes receiving, at a wake-up signal receiver (RX) node, an indication of configuration parameters of a wake-up signal as well as an indication of configuration parameters of a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The method further includes receiving, at the wake-up signal RX, a wake-up signal and processing the wake-up signal. The wake-up signal has been generated based on the configuration parameters of the wake-up signal. The processing is based on the configuration parameters of the wake-up signal and allows the wake-up signal RX to determine if the received wake-up signal is intended for the RX and potentially obtain the information from the parameters of the received wake-up signal. The method further includes, in the case that the RX determines that the wake-up signal is intended for the RX, generating a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal by the RX based on the configuration of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal node and transmitting it.
[0260] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method includes receiving, at a feedback RX node (e.g., network nodes such as BS, TRP or a UE) , an indication of configuration parameters of a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal corresponding to a wake-up signal RX. The method further includes, receiving at the feedback RX node a wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal from the wake-up signal RX, and processing the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The processing is based on the configuration parameters of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal and allows the feedback RX node to determine that the wake-up signal RX has successfully received and decoded the wake-up signal. The feedback RX node may also potentially obtain the information from the parameters of the received wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The processing may further include sensing parameter estimation which allows the feedback RX node to obtain sensing parameters of the wake-up signal RX. The sensing parameters include, but are not limited to, range, velocity, angle, and position.
[0261] In some embodiments, the range may refer to the distance between wake-up signal RX and wake-up signal TX.
[0262] According to yet another aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method. The method includes receiving at a processing node, the sensing measurements obtained by processing the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal at the wake-up signal and different individual feedback RX nodes, and collectively perform a second level processing. The second level processing may include improving the sensing estimation performed by the individual nodes by combining their processing results. The second level processing may also include processing the estimated range and angle measurements by the individual nodes and obtain an estimate of the wake-up receiver’s sensing parameters including but not limited to position, velocity, and orientation.
[0263] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the wake-up signal TX node may be a TRP (or a BS) , the wake-up signal RX node may be a UE, and the configuration node may be a network node (possibly the same as the wake-up signal TX node) . In such a scenario, the UE may embed, into the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal, an indication of the time-frequency resources that the UE may use for UL data transmission after transmission of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. Accordingly, after receiving the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal, the wake-up signal TX knows where in the time-frequency domain to expect to receive the UL data from the UE. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the UE embeds, into the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal, only an index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used for UL data transmission. In other implementations, the procedure described above or elsewhere in the present disclosure may be used for low latency wake-up and grant free uplink data transmission.
[0264] According to an aspect of the present disclosure, the wake-up signal TX node may be a UE, the wake-up signal RX node may be a TRP (or a BS) , and the configuration node may be a network node. Using this scheme, a UE may want to wake up a TRP (or a BS) to send uplink data. In such a scenario, the UE may indicate this in the wake-up signal by embedding an indication of an UL data request. Accordingly, the TRP (or a BS) may embed the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission into the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. The UE may then receive the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal, decode the embedded information and obtain the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the TRP (or BS) embeds, into the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal, only an index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used by the UE for UL data transmission.
[0265] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to a type of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. In some implementations, the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal may be from a family of signals which have desirable time correlation properties such as having delta shape auto-correlation function and having low (close to zero) cross-correlation function. Examples of such signal families include, but are not limited to, continuous-time or discrete linear frequency modulation-based (LFM-based) signals. In other implementations, the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal may be generated based on sequences such as, but not limited to, Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence, Pseudo-random (PN) sequence, M-sequence, Gold sequence, Walsh sequence, Golay sequence, Kasami sequence, Low density sequences, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) / Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) sequences, Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol-based sequence, or combinations or optimizations of these sequences.
[0266] In some implementations, the type of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal may be indicated in the wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal configuration. In other words, an indication of the type for the wake-up signal response may be included in the wake-up signal response configuration.
[0267] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to embedding an identity of a wake-up RX into the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal. In some implementations, the identity may be embedded into a combination of the address of time-frequency resources associated with the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal and the parameters of the wake-up acknowledgement feedback signal.
[0268] In some implementations, the address of time-frequency resources associated with the WU ACK feedback signal and / or the parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal may be indicated in the WU ACK feedback signal configuration. In other words, the wake-up signal response configuration may include an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response, and / or an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.
[0269] Aspects of the present disclosure describe the context of UE wake up as part of a paging procedure, for example. However, it should be understood, that the paging procedure application is intended to be non-limiting, and other applications may use the WUS procedure in the context of the present disclosure. In another example, the UE is woken up to perform a procedure such as sensing, or to perform specific non-periodic measurements. It is understood that the scope of application of the provided WUS is not limited to UEs. Wake-up signaling may be used in the context of other nodes and even for links. For instance, the provided WUS may be used to wake up a BS in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) system for performing a specific procedure, to wake up a node in a mesh network, or to wake up a side link in the system. In another example, the WUS is used in a scenario where a UE wakes up a TRP for uplink data transmission (e.g., in an uplink grant free application) .
[0270] In some implementations, wake-up signaling may not be used for changing the operational mode of the wake-up receiver that is, for example, changing the operational mode from a mode with less power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption. In some implementations, wake-up signaling may be used for changing the operational mode of the wake-up signal receiver or for other purposes such as for performing specific tasks such as, but not limited to, measurements, reports, etc.
[0271] In the present disclosure, the term “transmitter” may refer to a WUS transmitter which may be a TRP, a BS, or any other network node which is defined to transmit the WUS. Additionally, the term “receiver” may refer to a WUS receiver which may be a UE, a network node such as a TRP or a BS, or any other node which has the ability to be woken up.
[0272] In the present disclosure, “wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal” , “WU ACK feedback” , or other similar expressions may refer to a wake-up signal (WUS) response that includes an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal, a WUS response that includes an indication of whether the wake-up signal is successfully received by a WUS receiver, or the like. Similarly, “wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback signal configuration” , “WU ACK feedback configuration” , or other similar expressions may refer to a wake-up signal (WUS) response configuration, a configuration for a WUS response or a WU ACK feedback signal, or the like. Similarly, “wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback identity” , “WU ACK feedback identity” , or other similar expressions may refer to a wake-up signal response identity or the like.
[0273] FIG. 12 illustrates an example WU procedure 1200, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0274] More specifically, FIG. 12 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example WU procedure 1200 that includes communication of a WU ACK feedback, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Signaling occurs between a WUS RX node 1201 and a WUS TX node 1202 and a configuration node 1203. Although FIG. 12 illustrates each of the WUS RX node 1201, the WUS TX node 1202 and the configuration node 1203 as a node, it is to be understood that one or more of the WUS RX node 1201, the WUS TX node 1202 and the configuration node 1203 may be any other apparatus or device or part of any other apparatus or device , i.e., any of client side or network side device or apparatus, such as a UE, a BS or a TRP, or a network node.
[0275] Referring to FIG. 12, a configuration node 1203 (e.g., a UE, a BS or a TRP, or a network node) may send, at 1212, WUS configuration and WU ACK feedback signal configuration to a WUS TX node 1202 and send, at 1210, WUS configuration and WU ACK feedback signal configuration to a WUS RX node 1201. This may occur when the WUS RX node 1201 is in the first operational mode denoted by Mode 1. In some implementations, the WUS RX node 1201 may enter, at 1205, the first operational mode. Correspondingly, the WUS TX node 1202 and the WUS RX node 1201 may receive, at 1212 and 1210, the configuration information, respectively. In some implementations, the content of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1203 to the WUS RX node 1201 at 1210 may be same as that of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1203 to the WUS TX node 1202 at 1212. In some other implementations, the content of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1203 to the WUS RX node 1201 at 1210 may be different from that of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1203 to the WUS TX node 1202 at 1212. The WUS RX node 1201 may then enter, at 1215, a second operational mode denoted by Mode 2. In some implementations, Mode 2 and Mode 1 are the same. When there is a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX node 1201, the WUS TX node 1202 transmits, at 1220, a WUS according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node 1203. The WUS RX node 1201 may receive, at 1220, the transmitted WUS and may process, at 1230, the WUS according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node 1203. The WUS RX node 1201 then determines if the transmitted WUS is intended for the WUS RX 1201. If the WUS RX 1201 determines that the received WUS is intended for the WUS RX 1201, the WUS RX 1201 may enter, at 1235, a third operational mode denoted by Mode 3. Then, the WUS RX 1201 generates and transmits, at 1240, a WU ACK feedback signal according to the WU ACK feedback signal configuration received from the configuration node 1203. The WUS RX node 1201 may also embed some information into the WU ACK feedback signal before the transmission 1240. The WUS TX 1202 may receive, at 1240, the WU ACK feedback signal and obtain the embedded information in the WU ACK feedback signal. The WUS TX 1202 may also use the WU ACK feedback signal configuration to optionally perform bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1201 such as, but not limited to, range, velocity, angle, and position. Such sensing information about RX may reduce the overhead of procedures such as initial access and RACH which may occur after WU.
[0276] In some implementations, the transmission 1240 of the WU ACK feedback signal may be understood as an example of communicating a WU ACK feedback signal or a wake-up signal response that includes an ACK feedback for the WUS. In other words, in some embodiments, 1240 may be performed without actively transmitting a particular signal (e.g., passive communication of the WU ACK feedback signal or wake-up signal response) . For example, in some implementations, the WUS RX 1201 may be a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) which is configured to redirect (or passively reflect) a received signal through signal modulation, and the WUS TX 1202 considers that the WUS is successfully received by the WUS RX 1201 when the WUS TX 1202 receives the signal redirected from the WUS RX 1201 within a predetermined time after the WUS is transmitted at 1220. In other words, the WUS RX 1201 may modify the received signal (passively) before redirecting or reflecting the signal to the WUS TX 1202, and the WUS TX 1202 may consider the redirected or reflected signal as an ACK feedback for the WUS.
[0277] In some implementations, the bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal may be performed as part of processing of the WU ACK feedback signal at the WUS TX 1202. It should be noted that although the paragraph above describes that the WUS TX 1202 performs bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1201, in some other implementations, the WUS TX 1202 may perform a different mode of sensing operation (e.g., monostatic sensing operation, multi-static sensing operation) on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1201.
[0278] Still referring to FIG. 12, in some implementations, the configuration node 1203 may be the same node as WUS TX 1202. In some implementations, the configuration node 1203 may be a sensing management function (SeMF) node.
[0279] In some aspects of the present disclosure, the selection of the mode may be based on power consumption. In an implementation, Mode 1 and / or Mode 2 may be either a connected mode or a power saving mode. In another implementation, Mode 2 may be an idle mode. In yet another implementation, Mode 2 may be an inactive mode. In yet another implementation, Mode 2 may be a sleep mode. In yet another implementation, Mode 2 may be a deep sleep mode. In yet another implementation, Mode 2 may be any power saving mode. In yet another implementation Mode 1 and Mode 3 may be the same. For example, Mode 1 and Mode 3 may be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In other implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0280] Referring to FIG. 12, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1202 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1201 may be a UE, and the configuration node 1203 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1202) . In such a scenario, the UE may embed, in the WU ACK feedback signal, an indication of the time-frequency resources that the UE may use for UL data transmission after transmission of the WU ACK feedback signal. Accordingly, after receiving the WU ACK feedback signal, the WUS TX 1202 knows where in the time-frequency domain to expect to receive the UL data from the UE. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the UE embeds, in the WU ACK feedback signal, only the index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used for UL data transmission. In some implementations, this procedure 1200 may be used for low latency wake-up and grant free uplink data transmission.
[0281] Referring to FIG. 12, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1202 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1201 may be a TRP (or a BS) , and the configuration node 1203 may be a network node. Using this scheme, a UE may want to wake up a TRP (or a BS) to send uplink data. In such a scenario, the UE may indicate this in the WUS by embedding an indication of UL data request. Accordingly, the TRP (or a BS) may embed the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission in the WU ACK feedback signal. The UE then may receive the WU ACK feedback signal, decode the embedded information and obtain the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the TRP (or BS) embeds, into the WU ACK feedback signal, the index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used by the UE for UL data transmission.
[0282] In some implementations, both the WUS RX node 1201 and the WUS TX node 1202 are UEs, and the configuration node 1203 may be a network node. In some cases, a first UE acting as the WUS TX node 1202 may want to wake up a second UE acting as the WUS RX node 1201 to send sidelink data, if the second UE is for example in a sleep mode. For this, the first UE may embed, into the WUS, an indication of sidelink data request.
[0283] In some implementations, both the WUS RX node 1201 and the WUS TX node 1202 are TRPs (or BSs) , and the configuration node 1203 may be a network node. In some cases, a first TRP acting as the WUS TX node 1202 may want to wake up a second TRP acting as the WUS RX node 1201 for data transmission, if the second TRP is for example in a sleep mode. For this, the first TRP may embed, into the WUS, an indication of data transmission request.
[0284] FIG. 13 illustrates another example of WU procedure 1300 with WU ACK feedback, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0285] More specifically, FIG. 13 is a signal flow diagram illustrating an example WU procedure 1300 that involves one or more additional nodes 1304 that receives WU ACK feedback, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. Signaling occurs between a WUS RX node 1301, a WUS TX node 1302, a configuration node 1303, and one or more feedback RX nodes 1304. Although FIG. 13 illustrates each of the WUS RX node 1301, the WUS TX node 1302, the configuration node 1303, and the feedback RX nodes 1304 as a node, it is to be understood that one or more of the WUS RX node 1301, the WUS TX node 1302, the configuration node 1303, and the feedback RX nodes 1304 may be any other apparatus or device or part of any other apparatus or device, i.e., any of client side or network side device or apparatus, such as a UE, a BS or a TRP, or a network node.
[0286] A configuration node 1303 (e.g., a UE, a BS, or a TRP, or a network node) may send, at 1312, WUS configuration and WU ACK feedback signal configuration to a WUS TX node 1302 and send, at 1310, WUS configuration and WU ACK feedback signal configuration to a WUS RX node 1301. In some implementations, the content of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1303 to the WUS RX node 1301 at 1310 may be same as that of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1303 to the WUS TX node 1302 at 1312. In some other implementations, the content of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1203 to the WUS RX node 1301 at 1310 may be different from that of the configuration information transmitted from the configuration node 1303 to the WUS TX node 1302 at 1312. A configuration node 1303 may also send, at 1320, the WU ACK feedback signal configuration to the one or more feedback RX nodes 1304. In some implementations, the content of the WU ACK feedback signal configuration transmitted at 1310, 1312, and 1320 may be all the same. In some other implementations, the content of at least some of the WU ACK feedback signal configuration transmitted at 1310, 1312, and / or 1320 may be at least in part different from each other. Examples of a feedback RX node 1304 are UEs or network (NW) nodes such as TRPs and BSs. This may occur when the WUS RX node 1301 is in the first operational mode denoted by Mode 1. In some implementations, the WUS RX node 1301 may enter, at 1305, the first operational mode.
[0287] Correspondingly, the WUS TX node 1302, feedback RX node (s) 1304 and the WUS RX node 1301 may receive the configuration information. The WUS RX node 1301 may enter, at 1315, a second operational mode denoted by Mode 2. In some implementations, Mode 2 and Mode 1 are the same. When there is a trigger for wake-up of the WUS RX 1301, the WUS TX 1302 transmits, at 1330, a WUS according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node 1303. The WUS RX 1301 may receive, at 1330, the transmitted WUS and process, at 1340, it according to the WUS configuration received from the configuration node 1303. The WUS RX 1301 then determines if the transmitted WUS is intended for it. If the WUS RX 1301 determines that the received WUS is intended for the WUS RX 1301, the WUS RX 1301 may enter, at 1345, a third operational mode denoted by Mode 3. Then, the WUS RX 1301 generates and transmits, at 1350, a WU ACK feedback signal according to the WU ACK feedback signal configuration received from the configuration node 1303. The WUS RX 1302 may also embed some information into the WU ACK feedback signal before the transmission 1350. The WUS TX 1302 may receive the WU ACK feedback signal and decode the embedded information in the WU ACK feedback signal. The WUS TX 1302 may also use WU ACK feedback signal configuration to optionally perform bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1301 such as, but not limited to, range, velocity, angle, and position. Such sensing information about the WUS RX 1301 may reduce the overhead of the procedures which may occur after WU such as initial access and RACH procedures. The feedback RX node (s) 1304 may also receive the WU ACK feedback signal and decode the embedded information in the WU ACK feedback signal. The feedback RX node (s) 1304 may also use feedback signal configuration to optionally perform bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1301 such as, but not limited to, range, velocity, angle, and position. Such sensing information about the WUS RX 1301 may reduce the overhead of the procedures which may occur after WU such as initial access and RACH procedures.
[0288] In some implementations, the transmission 1350 of the WU ACK feedback signal may be understood as an example of communicating a WU ACK feedback signal or a wake-up signal response that includes an ACK feedback for the WUS. In other words, in some embodiments, 1350 may be performed without actively transmitting a particular signal (e.g., passive communication of the WU ACK feedback signal or wake-up signal response) . For example, in some embodiments, the WUS RX 1301 may be a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) which is configured to redirect (or passively reflect) a received signal through signal modulation, and the WUS TX 1302 and / or feedback RX node (s) 1304 may consider that the WUS is successfully received by the WUS RX 1301 when the WUS TX 1302 and / or feedback RX node (s) 1304 receive the signal redirected from the WUS RX 1301 within a predetermined time after the WUS is transmitted at 1330. In other words, the WUS RX 1301 may modify the received signal (passively) before redirecting or reflecting the signal to the WUS TX 1302 and / or feedback RX node (s) 1304, and the WUS TX 1302 and / or feedback RX node (s) 1304 may consider the redirected or reflected signal as an ACK feedback for the WUS.
[0289] In some implementations, the bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal may be performed as part of processing of the WU ACK feedback signal at the WUS TX 1302 and / or the feedback RX node (s) 1304. It should be noted that although the paragraph above describes that the WUS TX 1302 and / or the feedback RX node (s) 1304 perform bi-static sensing on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1301, in some other implementations, the WUS TX 1302 and / or the feedback RX node (s) 1304 may perform a different mode of sensing operation (e.g., monostatic sensing operation, multi-static sensing operation) on the received WU ACK feedback signal to obtain sensing parameters associated with the WUS RX 1301.
[0290] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13, in some implementations, the configuration node 1303 may be the same node as the WUS TX 1302. In other implementations, the configuration node 1303 may be a sensing management function (SeMF) node.
[0291] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13, the selection of the mode may be based on power consumption. In some implementations, Mode 1 and / or Mode 2 may be a connected mode or a power saving mode. In some implementations, Mode 2 may be an idle mode. In some implementations, Mode 2 may be an inactive mode. In some implementations, Mode 2 may be a sleep mode. In some implementations, Mode 2 may be a deep sleep mode. In some implementations, Mode 2 may be any power saving mode. In some implementations, Mode 1 and Mode 3 may be the same. For example, Mode 1 and Mode 3 may be a connected mode. In some implementations, there may be multiple power saving modes with different objectives and power consumption levels. In such implementations, the WU procedure may be used to change the operating mode from a mode with lower power consumption to a mode with higher power consumption.
[0292] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1302 may be a TRP (or a BS) , the WUS RX node 1301 may be a UE, and the configuration node 1303 may be a network node (possibly the same as the WUS TX node 1302) . In such a scenario, the UE may embed, into the WU ACK feedback signal, an indication of the time-frequency resources that the UE may use for UL data transmission right after transmission, at 1350, of the WU ACK feedback signal. Accordingly, after receiving the WU ACK feedback signal, the WUS TX 1302 knows where in the time-frequency domain to expect to receive the UL data from the UE. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the UE only embeds in the WU ACK feedback signal, the index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used for UL data transmission. In some implementations, the procedure illustrated above or elsewhere in the present disclosure may be used for low latency wake-up and grant free uplink data transmission.
[0293] With regards to the scenario shown in FIG. 13, in some implementations, the WUS TX node 1302 may be a UE, the WUS RX node 1301 may be a TRP (or a BS) , and the configuration node 1303 may be a network node. Using this scheme, a UE may want to wake up a TRP (or a BS) to send uplink data. In such a scenario, the UE may indicate this in the WUS by embedding an indication of UL data request. Accordingly, the TRP (or a BS) may embed the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission in the WU ACK feedback signal. The UE then may receive, at 1350, the WU ACK feedback signal, decode the embedded information and obtain the address of time-frequency resources for UL data transmission. In some implementations, a set of indexed predefined time-frequency resources is available for the UL data transmission and the TRP (or BS) only embeds in the WU ACK feedback signal, the index of the time-frequency resources that is going to be used by UE for UL data transmission.
[0294] In some implementations, both the WUS RX node 1301 and the WUS TX node 1302 are UEs, and the configuration node 1303 and the feedback RX nodes 1304 may be any other apparatuses or devices, i.e., any of client side or network side device or apparatus, such as UEs, BSs or TRPs, or network nodes. In some cases, a first UE acting as the WUS TX node 1302 may want to wake up a second UE acting as the WUS RX node 1301 to send sidelink data, if the second UE is for example in a sleep mode. For this, the first UE may embed, into the WUS, an indication of sidelink data request.
[0295] In some implementations, both the WUS RX node 1301 and the WUS TX node 1302 are TRPs (or BSs) , and the configuration node 1303 and the feedback RX nodes 1304 may be any other apparatuses or devices, i.e., any of client side or network side device or apparatus, such as UEs, BSs or TRPs, or network nodes. In some cases, a first TRP acting as the WUS TX node 1302 may want to wake up a second TRP 1301 for data transmission, if the second TRP is for example in a sleep mode. For this, the first TRP may embed, into the WUS, an indication of data transmission request.
[0296] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to the type of WU ACK feedback. In some implementations, the feedback signal may be from the family of signals which have desirable time correlation properties such as:
[0297] 1) Having a delta shape auto-correlation function, i.e., the correlation (which is a measure of similarity) of the signal with a shifted version of itself is much lower than the correlation of the signal with itself.
[0298] 2) Having low (close to zero) cross-correlation function, i.e., given a set of configuration parameters, the correlation between signals generated according to different configuration parameters is low.
[0299] In some implementations, the type of the WU ACK feedback signal is the same as the type of WUS signal.
[0300] In some implementations, the type of the WU ACK feedback signal is not the same as the type of WUS signal.
[0301] In some implementations, WU ACK feedback signal may be an “linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal or an LFM-based signal.
[0302] The terms LFM signal” and “chirp signal” may be used interchangeably in present disclosure. An LFM signal is a signal whose frequency is a linear function of time with a slope that is referred to as LFM rate (or chirp rate) .
[0303] FIG. 14 illustrates an example LFM signal representation in the time-frequency domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The starting time and frequency of the signal 1400 is t and f, respectively. The LFM rate is α and the time duration of the signal 1400 is T. The ending time and frequency of the signal 1400 is t+T and f+αT, respectively.
[0304] LFM-based signals or chirp-based signals may be referred to as the ones constructed based on a single LFM signal introduced above.
[0305] FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 illustrate two examples of LFM-based signals 1500 and 1600, according to some implementations of the present disclosure. The first example signal 1500 shown in FIG. 15 may be referred to as a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) signal which includes multiple parallel single chirp signals (e.g., LFM signals 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 1550, and 1560) multiplexed in the time domain. As shown in FIG. 15, time durations of these LFM signals 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 1550, and 1560 are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . Starting frequencies of these LFM signals 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 1550, and 1560 are the same, which are equal to f0. LFM rates of these LFM signals 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 1550, and 1560 are the same, which are equal to -α. Each of these LFM signals 1510, 1520, 1530, 1540, 1550, and 1560 occupies a bandwidth B.
[0306] The second example signal 1600, depicted in FIG. 16, may be referred to as a triangular waveform signal which is constructed by LFM signals with opposite sign LFM rates (e.g., LFM signals 1610, 1620, 1630, 1640, 1650, and 1660) . As shown in FIG. 16, time durations of these LFM signals 1610, 1620, 1630, 1640, 1650, and 1660 are the same, which are equal to a time unit (e.g., one symbol) . The LFM rates of these LFM signals 1610, 1620, 1630, 1640, 1650, and 1660 may be indicated by an LFM rate sequence (-α, α, …, -α, α) . In other words, LFM rates of two adjacent LFM signals are opposite. The starting frequencies of these LFM signals 1610, 1620, 1630, 1640, 1650, and 1660 are different. For example, the starting frequency of LFM signals 1610, 1630, and 1650 is f0, and the starting frequency of the LFM signals 1620, 1640, and 1660 is f0-B, where B is a bandwidth occupied by each of these LFM signals.
[0307] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of an LFM-based signal 1700 in a general format according to an implementation of the present disclosure, in which the absolute value of the LFM rates may vary across symbols. The general format LFM-based signal 1700 is characterized by a sequence of LFM rates (α1 1712, α2 1714, …, αM 1716) , a sequence of time durations (T1 1722, T2 1724, …, TM 1726) , and a sequence of starting frequencies (f1 1732, f2 1734, …, fM 1736) .
[0308] In some implementations, the WU ACK feedback signal may be a discrete LFM signal or a discrete LFM-based signal. A discrete LFM signal may be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM signal, an example 1400 of which is illustrated in FIG. 14. A discrete LFM-based signal may be obtained by taking time-domain samples from a continuous LFM based signal examples 1500, 1600, 1700 of which are illustrated in FIGS. 15, 16, and 17.
[0309] In some implementations, the WU ACK feedback signal may be generated based on a sequence such as, but not limited to, the following:
[0310] · Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence
[0311] · Pseudo-random (PN) sequence (also known as pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) , linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence)
[0312] · M-sequence (also known as n-sequence and maximum length sequence (MLS) )
[0313] · Gold sequence
[0314] · Walsh sequence
[0315] · Golay sequence
[0316] · Kasami sequence
[0317] · Low density sequences
[0318] · DFT / FFT sequences
[0319] · QAM symbol-based sequence
[0320] · Combinations and optimizations of above sequences.
[0321] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence in the generation of a WU ACK feedback signal. Mathematically, a ZC sequence, w [n] , may be defined as:
[0322] where Ns represents a sequence length, u represents a sequence root (the sequence root is prime to the sequence length, Ns) , l∈ {0, . ., Ns-1} represents a value for a cyclic shift of the sequence, n′= (n+l) mod Ns, cf=Ns mod 2 and q is an integer.
[0323] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a pseudo-noise (PN) sequence in the generation of a WU ACK feedback signal. A PN sequence may also be known as a pseudo-random-noise (PRN) sequence, a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) or a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) sequence.
[0324] FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a LFSR 1800 with a plurality of shift registers 1802-1, 1802-2, …, 1802-L (collectively or individually 1802) , a feedback logic 1804 and a clock 1806, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The plurality of shift registers 1802 is represented, in FIG. 18, as a first shift register 1802-1, a second shift register 1802-2 and an lth shift register 1802-L. The feedback logic 1804 is typically implemented using a set of XORs (also known as Modulo-2 adders) . In operation, the first shift register 1802-1 receives input from the feedback logic 1804 and the clock 1806. The first shift register 1802-1 provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and to the second shift register 1802-2. The second shift register 1802-2 receives input from the first shift register 1802-1 and the clock 1806. The second shift register 1802-1 provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and to a third shift register (not shown) . The lth shift register 1802-L receives input from the (l-1) th shift register (not shown) and the clock 1806. The lth shift register provides output to the feedback logic 1804 and also provides a PN sequence that may be considered to be the output of the LFSR 1800.
[0325] It is known that an m-sequence, which is also known as an n-sequence and a maximum length sequence (MLS) , is one particular case of a PN sequence. In this particular case, the LFSR generating the sequence has a property called “maximal. ” It follows that the method disclosed hereinbefore or elsewhere in the present disclosure for a PN sequence be equally applicable to use of an m-sequence in the generation of a discrete ISAC waveform or a WU ACK feedback signal or a WUS response.
[0326] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to use of a Gold sequence in the generation of a discrete ISAC waveform or a WU ACK feedback signal or a WUS response. It is known that a Gold sequence may be generated by performing element-wise XOR of two m-sequences. Consequently, Gold sequence configuration parameters may be defined to include initial states for shift registers in LFSRs generating two m-sequences as well as feedback logic for those LFSRs.
[0327] FIGS. 19 to 22 illustrate some other example signals or waveforms that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, according to implementations of the present disclosure. While examples of the LFM-based signal for WU ACK feedback signal are provided, aspects of the present disclosure are agnostic to and / or are not limited to the type of waveform discussed above and may be used with other types of waveforms. Some examples of other waveforms are described below.
[0328] FIG. 19 illustrates an example generation of a signal 1900 based on an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0329] In particular, FIG. 19 illustrates example multi-carrier amplitude shift keying (MC-ASK) waveforms. For MC-ASK waveform generation, “K” denotes a size of Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) of Cyclic Prefix-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (CP-OFDMA) , and “N” is a number of subcarriers (SCs) used by a Low Power Wake-Up Signal (LPWUS) including potential guard-bands. On-off keying (OOK) may be one particular case of amplitude shift keying (ASK) where the signal amplitude may take one of two possible values. Option OOK-1 may carry Single-bit in 1 OFDM symbol 1910, where OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs are modulated, and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs are zero power (from base-band point of view) .
[0330] FIG. 20 illustrates another example generation of a signal 2000 based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0331] In particular, FIG. 20 illustrates Option OOK-2, which may include Parallel M-bit OOK in the frequency domain. In this case, N SCs of LP-WUS are further separated into M segments (M=2 in the example of FIG. 20) . In some instances, there may be guard-bands in-between and / or around the M segments. In this example, OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that all SCs in segment are modulated, and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means all SCs in segment are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0332] FIG. 21 illustrates another example generation of a signal 2100 based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0333] In particular, FIG. 21 illustrates Option OOK-3 -Multi-tone single-bit OOK. In this case, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated into L segments (L=2 in the example of FIG. 21) without guard-bands in-between segments. In some instances, there may be guard-bands around the segments. OOK=1 (i.e., bit 1 or ON) means that 1 sub-carrier (known by RX) of each segment is modulated, and that the rest of SCs is zero power (from base-band point of view) ; and OOK=0 (i.e., bit 0 or OFF) means that all SCs in all segments are zero power (from base-band point of view) .
[0334] FIG. 22 illustrates another example generation of a signal 2200 based on an IFFT that may be used for the WU ACK feedback signal, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0335] In particular, FIG. 22 illustrates Option OOK-4: Transform M-bit OOK in time domain. In this case, N SCs of OOK-1 are generated 2210 by a transformation (DFT / Least square 2220) , and N’s amples are generated 2210 from M bits. Signal modification may or may not be used. Truncation or other additional modification 2230 may or may not be used. In other words, N is the same as N’ if truncation or other additional modification is not used. In some instances, N’ may be the same as K, and potential guard-band SCs are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0336] FIG. 23 illustrates example multi-carrier frequency shift keying (MC-FSK) waveforms 2300, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. For M-bit MC-FSK generation, the following options are available. In Option FSK-1 2310, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated to M pairs of segments 2312-1, …, 2312-M with potential guard-bands 2314 in-between and around. Each segment 2312-1, …, 2312-M may include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. Among a pair of segments, one segment is modulated, and another segment is zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0337] In Option FSK-2 2320, N SCs of LP-WUS are separated to 2M segments 2322-1, 2322-2…, 2322-2M with potential guard-bands in-between and around (M >0, N >1) . Each segment may include one sub-carrier or multiple contiguous SCs. One segment from 2M segments is modulated, and other segments of SCs are zero power (e.g., from base-band point of view) .
[0338] In some implementations, Manchester encoding may be assumed for representing bits 0 and 1 in the waveforms discussed above or elsewhere in the present disclosure. Manchester code is a line code in which the encoding of each data bit is either low then high, or high then low, for equal time. It is a self-clocking signal with no DC component.
[0339] FIG. 24 illustrates an example combination 2400 of ASK and FSK, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. In some implementations, if the time domain waveform for FSK is generated by the method of OOK-4, the waveform may be regarded as a joint modulation of OOK and FSK. One example is shown in FIG. 24, where 2 bits may be carried by one OFDM symbol. The first bit is represented by the frequency location f0 2422 or f1 2424, e.g., in an FSK way. The second bit is represented by the time domain waveform ON-OFF 2412 or OFF-ON 2414, where Manchester coding in time domain is assumed.
[0340] Some aspects of present disclosure relate to embedding an identity of the WUS RX into the WU ACK feedback signal. The WUS RX may embed its WU ACK feedback identity into the WU ACK feedback signal so that the receiver (s) of the WU ACK feedback signal determine who has sent the feedback. This also helps to associate the estimated sensing parameters (which may be obtained by processing the WU ACK feedback signal) with the correct WUS RX. The WU ACK feedback identity may be the same as or different from the WUS RX global device identity (e.g., the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) ) . In some implementations, the WU ACK feedback identity may be a function of the WUS RX global device identity. For example, the WU ACK feedback identity may be the last four digits of the IMSI.
[0341] Aspects of the present disclosure describe various methods to embed a WUS RX identity into the WU ACK feedback signal. In some implementations, the entire or a part of a WUS RX identity may be embedded into the address of the time-frequency resources used for the WU ACK feedback signal. For example, WUS RX 1 and WUS RX 2 may use different time-frequency resources to send their corresponding WU ACK feedback signal. This enables the network to differentiate between the feedback signal of WUS RX 1 and WUS RX 2.
[0342] In some implementations, the address of the time-frequency resources used for the WU ACK feedback signal may be indicated in the WU ACK feedback signal configuration.
[0343] In some implementations, the entire or a part of a WUS RX identity may be embedded into the parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal. The parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal depend on the type of the WU ACK feedback signal. For example, for LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal, the parameters comprise the sequence of LFM-rates and initial frequencies of the LFM signals. For ZC-sequence-based WU ACK feedback signal, the parameters comprise the root and cyclic shift of the ZC sequence. For PN-sequence-based WU ACK feedback signal, the parameters comprise feedback logic structure and initial state of LFSR. For M-sequence-based WU ACK feedback signal, the parameters comprise feedback logic structure and initial state of LFSR. For Gold-sequence-based WU ACK feedback signal, the parameters comprise feedback logic structures and initial states of LFSRs. Given a set of possibilities for the parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal, WUS RX 1 and WUS RX 2 may be associated with different parameters which would enable the network to differentiate between the feedback signal of WUS RX 1 and WUS RX 2.
[0344] In some implementations, the type of the WU ACK feedback signal and / or the parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal may be indicated in the WU ACK feedback signal configuration.
[0345] In some implementations, parameters of the WU ACK feedback signal may include one or more of: a linear frequency modulation rate of the WU ACK feedback signal; an initial frequency of the WU ACK feedback signal; a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu (ZC) sequence associated with the WU ACK feedback signal; a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the WU ACK feedback signal; and an initial state of the LFSR associated with the WU ACK feedback signal.
[0346] Some aspects of present disclosure relate to obtaining the sensing parameters from the WU ACK feedback signal. As shown in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, the WUS TX node or one or multiple feedback RX nodes may receive the WU ACK feedback signal. Any receiver of WU ACK feedback signal may obtain (by measurement) sensing parameters such as angle of arrival (AoA) of the signal, range between the receiver of WU ACK feedback signal and the WUS RX node sending WU ACK feedback signal, the velocity of the WUS RX node sending WU ACK feedback signal relative to the receiver of WU ACK feedback signal. While using the measurement of only one receiver of WU ACK feedback signal may not provide a precise location of WUS RX node (which is the transmitter of the WU ACK feedback signal) due to the possibility of time synchronization offsets, combining such measurements across different receivers of the WU ACK feedback signal may provide a relatively precise position of the WUS RX.
[0347] FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a wireless system 2500 in which embodiments of the present disclosure may occur. In particular, the WUS response or the WUS feedback is incorporated into the WU procedure in the wireless system 2500. The wireless system 2500 includes a WUS RX 2501, a WUS TX 2502, and two network nodes 2504 acting as feedback RX nodes. The WUS RX 2501 may be a UE, and each of the WUS TX 2502 and two feedback RX nodes 2504 may be any of a BS or a TRP, or a network node. However, it is to be understood that in some embodiments, the WUS RX node 2501 may be a BS or a TRP, or a network node, and one or more of the WUS TX node 2502 and the two feedback RX nodes 2504 may be a UE. In other words, the WUS RX 2501, the WUS TX 2502, and the two feedback RX nodes 2504 can be any of client side or network side device or apparatus, including a UE, a BS or a TRP, or a network node.
[0348] FIG. 25 illustrates an example wherein three nodes including a WUS TX 2502 and two feedback RX nodes 2504 (which are network nodes in this example) receive the WU ACK feedback signal 2510, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Each node may measure the AoA 2515 and range between the node 2502 and / or 2504 and the WUS RX 2501. Combining such measurements may provide the position of the WUS RX 2501 using geometric techniques such as, but not limited to, triangularization and trilateration.
[0349] Some aspects of this disclosure relate to the transmitter of the WU ACK feedback signal.
[0350] FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example process 2600 of generating a WU ACK feedback signal 2650, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0351] Specifically, FIG. 26 illustrates an example scenario, wherein an LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal 2650 is generated in the RF analog domain, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Firstly, the sequence of initial frequencies and chirp rates may be selected 2614 based on an identity 2612 of a WUS RX (referenced as WU ACK feedback RX ID 2612 in FIG. 26) . Subsequently, an LFM-based signal is generated using an analog chirp generator 2616 and is transmitted by the WUS RX as a WU ACK feedback signal 2650.
[0352] FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example process 2700 of generating a WU ACK feedback signal 2750, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0353] Specifically, FIG. 27 illustrates an example scenario wherein, the WUS RX may generate a discrete LFM-based signal, for example using a discrete chirp sample generator 2716 in the baseband digital domain and then convert it to an analog signal using a pulse shaping filter or a digital to analog convertor (DAC) 2718, according to an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0354] In some implementations, similar to the process 2600, prior to generating the discrete LFM-based signal, the sequence of initial frequencies and chirp rates may be selected 2714 based on a WU ACK feedback RX ID 2712.
[0355] FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram illustrating another example process 2800 of generating a WU ACK feedback signal 2850, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0356] Specifically, FIG. 28 illustrates an example process 2800 of generation of a WU ACK feedback signal 2850, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 28, the WUS RX may generate the WU ACK feedback signal 2850 based on a sequence such as, but not limited to, a ZC sequence, PN sequence, Gold sequence, or m-sequence. Firstly, the sequence parameters are selected 2814 possibly based on an identity 2812 of a WUS RX (referenced as WU ACK feedback RX ID 2812 in FIG. 28) . Subsequently, the sequence is generated 2816 in the baseband digital domain. Following that, a pulse shaping filter 2818 or a DAC is used to generate the analog WU ACK feedback signal.
[0357] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a WU ACK feedback signal transmitter may be equipped with one or more of the structures illustrated in FIGS. 26 to 28 or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0358] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to the receiver of the WU ACK feedback signal.
[0359] FIG. 29 illustrates an example process 2900 of processing a WU ACK feedback signal 2950 at a receiver of an LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal 2950, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The first step is to perform de-chirp processing 2912 on the received WU ACK feedback signal 2950. In some implementations, the de-chirping processing 2912 may be performed using the WU ACK feedback configuration 2911. Subsequently, a low pass filter 2914 is applied to filter out the unwanted signals and then an envelope detector 2916 is used to detect the information. This receiver structure may be implemented in an RF analog domain with low complexity and power consumption. However, it may not be capable of performing sensing. This receiver structure may only detect if a WU ACK feedback signal 2950 is present or not. The same receiver structure may be used when the WU ACK feedback signal is generated based on a discrete LFM-based signal (as illustrated in FIG. 27) . Due to the similarity of discrete LFM-based signal and ZC sequence, the same receiver structure shown in FIG. 29 may also be used when the WU ACK feedback signal is generated based on a ZC sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 28.
[0360] FIG. 30 illustrates another example process 3000 of handling a WU ACK feedback signal 3050 at the receiver of an LFM-based WU ACK feedback signal 3050, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The first step is to perform de-chirp processing 3012 on the received WU ACK feedback signal 3050. In some implementations, the de-chirping processing 3012 may be performed using the WU ACK feedback configuration 3011. Subsequently, a low pass filter 3014 may be applied to filter out the unwanted signals. Next, sampling 3016 is performed to take samples of the signal. Subsequently, the taken samples are processed 3018 to determine the presence of WU ACK feedback in the received signal 3050. The processing 3018 may also comprise sensing processing in which sensing algorithms may be used to obtain sensing parameters corresponding to the RX node which has sent the WU ACK feedback signal 3050. In some implementations, low pass filtering 3014 may be removed from the structure as the digital processing happening after low pass filtering 3014 may compensate for absence of a low pass filter. The same receiver structure may be used when the WU ACK feedback signal is generated based on a discrete LFM-based signal, as illustrated in FIG. 27. Due to the similarity of discrete LFM-based signal and ZC sequence, the same receiver structure shown in FIG. 30 may also be used when the WU ACK feedback signal is generated based on a ZC sequence, as illustrated in FIG. 28.
[0361] FIG. 31 illustrates another example process 3100 of handling a WU ACK feedback signal 3150 at the receiver of a WU ACK feedback signal 3150 generated based on a sequence, according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The first step is to perform sampling 3112 to take samples of the signal 3150. Subsequently, the taken samples are correlated 3114 with the different sequences corresponding to different WUS RX nodes with different identities. In some implementations, the samples may be correlated using the correlator 3114 based upon the WU ACK feedback configuration 3111. The results are then processed 3116 to determine the presence of WU ACK feedback in the received signal 3150. The processing 3116 may also comprise sensing processing in which sensing algorithms may be used to obtain sensing parameters corresponding to the WUS RX node which has sent the WU ACK feedback signal 3150.
[0362] In some implementations of the present disclosure, a WU ACK feedback signal receiver may be equipped with one or more of the structures illustrated in FIGS. 29 to 31 or elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0363] FIG. 32 illustrates, in a signal flow diagram, an example method 3200 in a wireless network system, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure. The method may incorporate a wake-up (WU) acknowledgement (ACK) feedback into a wake-up procedure in a wireless network.
[0364] The wireless network system may include a first device 3201 and a second device 3202. The wireless network system may further include a node 3203. The node 3203 may be considered a configuration node transmitting wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration. In some implementations, for example implementations where the second device has wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration, the node 3203 may not need to be part of the method 3200, and / or the node 3203 may not be included in the wireless network system.
[0365] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may be understood as a device that is similar to a WUS RX node (e.g., WUS RX nodes 1201, 1301) .
[0366] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may include a user equipment.
[0367] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may include a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.
[0368] In some implementations, the second device 3202 may be understood as a device that is similar to a WUS TX node (e.g., WUS TX nodes 1202, 1302) or a Feedback Rx node (e.g., Feedback RX node (s) 1304) .
[0369] In some implementations, the second device 3202 may include a user equipment.
[0370] In some implementations, the second device 3202 may include a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.
[0371] The example method 3200 is comprised of steps 3210 to 3265. It shall be understood that not all of these steps are needed in the method 3200. As one example, in some implementations, the method 3200 may include only steps 3215, 3225, and 3250. In other words, some of the steps 3210 to 3265 (e.g., steps 3210, 3220, 3230-3245, and 3255-3265) may be optional. As another example, in some other implementations, the method 3200 may include only steps 3215 and 3250. In other words, some of the steps 3210 to 3265 (e.g., steps 3210, 3220-3245, and 3255-3265) may be optional.
[0372] It shall be also understood that the order of the steps 3210 to 3265 in FIG. 32 is not always as shown in FIG. 32, any logical changes of the order of these steps may be possible in accordance with implementations and examples described in the present disclosure. For example, step 3245 may occur before step 3220, before step 3230, before step 3235, before 3240, or any time before or after any of the steps shown in FIG. 32.
[0373] At step 3210, a wake-up signal configuration may be transmitted to the first device 3201. Similarly, at step 3215, a wake-up signal response configuration may be transmitted to the first device 3201. In some implementations, the wake-up signal configuration and wake-up signal response configuration may be transmitted together (e.g., via the same signal) . In some implementations, the wake-up signal configuration and wake-up signal response configuration may be transmitted separately (e.g., via separate signals) .
[0374] In some implementations, the node 3203 may be different from the second device 3202. In some of these implementations, the node 3203 may transmit, to both of the first device 3201 and the second device 3202, the wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration, respectively. In some other of these implementations, the node 3203 may transmit, to the second device 3202, the wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration, and the second device 3202 may transmit, to first second device 3201, the wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration.
[0375] In some implementations, the node 3203 may be the same as the second device 3202. In such cases, the second device 3202 may be considered to transmit, to the first device 3201, the wake-up signal configuration and / or wake-up signal response configuration.
[0376] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration may include an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration may include an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response configuration may include an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.
[0377] In some implementations, the second device 3202 may include a sensing management function (SeMF) node. In other words, the first device 3201 may receive the wake-up signal response configuration from a sensing management function (SeMF) .
[0378] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may receive the wake-up signal response while in a first operational mode. In such case, at step 3220, the first device 3201 may switch from the first operational mode to a second operational mode.
[0379] In some implementations, the first operational mode may include a connected mode. In some implementations, the first operational mode may include a power saving mode.
[0380] In some implementations, the second operational mode may include a connected mode. In some implementations, the second operational mode may include a power saving mode. In some implementations, the second operational mode may include an idle mode. In some implementations, the second operational mode may include an inactive mode. In some implementations, the second operational mode may include a sleep mode. In some implementations, the sleep mode may include a deep sleep mode.
[0381] At step 3225, the second device 3202 may transmit a wake-up signal to the first device 3201. Put another way, the first device 3201 may receive the wake-up signal from the second device 3202. In some implementations, the first device 3201 may receive the wake-up signal while operating in the second operational mode.
[0382] In some implementations, the second device 3202 may transmit the wake-up signal according to the wake-up signal configuration.
[0383] In some implementations, the wake-up signal may be a particular type of signal.
[0384] At step 3230, the first device 3201 may process, according to the wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal.
[0385] In some implementations, as part of processing the wake-up signal, the first device 3201 may decode the wake-up signal. In some implementations, as part of processing the wake-up signal, the first device 3201 may determine that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device 3201.
[0386] At step 3235, the first device 3201 may generate, based on a result of processing of the wake-up signal, the wake-up signal response.
[0387] At step 3240, the first device 3201 may embed data into the wake-up signal response.
[0388] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may embed, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for uplink (UL) data transmission after the communication of the wake-up signal response. Put another way, the information embedded in the wake-up signal response may include an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for UL data transmission after communication of the wake-up signal response.
[0389] In some implementations, the first device 3201 may embed, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of a first device identity (identity of the first device 3201) . Put another way, the information embedded in the wake-up signal response may include an indication of the first device identity.
[0390] In some implementations, as part of embedding the indication of the first device identity, the first device 3201 may embed, into the wake-up signal response, a wake-up signal response identity. In other words, the first device identity may include a wake-up signal response identity. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response identity may include a global device identity of the first device 3201 or a function of the global device identity of the first device 3201. In some implementations, the global device identity of the first device 3201 may include an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) .
[0391] In some implementations, as part of embedding the indication of the first device identity, the first device 3201 may embed, into an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity. In other words, the indication of the first device identity may be embedded in an address of time-frequency resources used for the wake-up signal response.
[0392] In some implementations, as part of embedding the indication of the first device identity, the first device 3201 may embed, into one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity. In other words, the indication of the first device identity may be embedded in one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response. In some implementations, the one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response may include one or more of (i) a linear frequency modulation rate of the wake-up signal response, (ii) an initial frequency of the wake-up signal response, (iii) a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu sequence associated with the wake-up signal response, (iv) a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the wake-up signal response, and (v) an initial state of the LFSR associated with the wake-up signal response.
[0393] At step 3245, the first device 3201 may switch, responsive to determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device 3201, from the second operational mode to a third operational mode.
[0394] In some implementations, the third operational mode may include the first operational mode.
[0395] As mentioned above, not all of the steps in FIG. 32 are included in all implementations, and so for example steps 3220 and / or 3240 may not occur if operation mode does not switch from 1st mode to 2nd mode or 2nd mode to 3rd mode.
[0396] At step 3250, the first device 3201 may communicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal. In some implementations, the first device 3201 may transmit the wake-up signal response while operating in the third operational mode.
[0397] In some implementations, as part of communicating the wake-up signal response, the first device 3201 may transmit, to the second device 3202, a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal. In some other implementations, as part of communicating the wake-up signal response, the first device 3201 may transmit, to the second device 3202, a signal that has a signal type that is distinct from the signal type of the wake-up signal.
[0398] In some implementations, as part of communicating the wake-up signal response, the first device 3201 may transmit, to the second device 3202, a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal may include a frequency modulated continuous waveform. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal may include a triangular waveform. In some implementations, the wake-up signal response signal may include a discrete waveform. In some implementations, discrete waveform may be based on a sequence. In some implementations, the sequence may include one of or a combination of: a Zadoff-Chu sequence, a pseudo-random sequence, an M-sequence, a Gold sequence, a Walsh sequence, a Golay sequence, a Kasami sequence, a Low density sequence, a discrete Fourier transform sequence, a fast Fourier transform sequence, and a quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.
[0399] Still at step 3250, the second device 3202 may receive, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, the wake-up signal response which includes an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal.
[0400] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response may include a signal having a delta shaped auto-correlation function.
[0401] In some implementations, the wake-up signal response may include a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.
[0402] At step 3255, the second device 3202 may process, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, the wake-up signal response.
[0403] In some implementations, as part of processing the wake-up signal response, the second device 3202 may decode the wake-up signal response.
[0404] In some implementations, as part of processing the wake-up signal response, the second device 3202 may obtain information embedded in the wake-up signal response.
[0405] In some implementations, as part of processing the wake-up signal response, the second device 3202 may perform at least one of (i) a monostatic sensing operation on the wake-up signal response, (ii) a bi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response, and (iii) a multi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response.
[0406] At step 3260, the second device 3202 may determine, responsive to processing the wake-up signal response, that the wake-up signal is successfully received by the first device 3201.
[0407] At step 3265, the second device 3202 may obtain, based on a result of processing the wake-up signal response, sensing information associated with the first device 3201.
[0408] In some implementations, the sensing information includes at least one of (i) a distance between the first device 3201 and the second device 3202, (ii) a velocity of the first device 3201 relative to the second device 3202, (iii) an angle of arrival (AoA) of the wake-up signal response, and (iv) a position of the first device 3201.
[0409] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0410] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0411] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements may be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0412] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0413] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression may mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0414] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of the present disclosure are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0415] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, the present disclosure may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, the present disclosure may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0416] The present disclosure may be described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to the present disclosure. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that may indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0417] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0418] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of the present disclosure provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0419] ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND INITIALISMS
Claims
1.A method performed by a first device, comprising:receiving a wake-up signal response configuration;receiving a wake-up signal; andcommunicating, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal.2.The method of claim 1, further comprising:receiving a wake-up signal configuration; andprocessing, according to the wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal.3.The method of claim 2, wherein processing the wake-up signal includes decoding the wake-up signal.4.The method of claim 2 or 3, wherein processing the wake-up signal includes determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:embedding, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for uplink (UL) data transmission after the communication of the wake-up signal response.6.The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising:embedding, into the wake-up signal response, an indication of a first device identity.7.The method of claim 6, wherein embedding the indication of the first device identity includes:embedding, into the wake-up signal response, a wake-up signal response identity.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the wake-up signal response identity includes a global device identity of the first device or a function of the global device identity of the first device.9.The method of claim 8, wherein the global device identity of the first device includes an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) .10.The method of any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein embedding the indication of the first device identity includes:embedding, into an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity.11.The method of any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein embedding the indication of the first device identity includes:embedding, into one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response, the indication of the first device identity.12.The method of claim 11, wherein the one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response include one or more of:a linear frequency modulation rate of the wake-up signal response;an initial frequency of the wake-up signal response;a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu sequence associated with the wake-up signal response;a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the wake-up signal response; andan initial state of the LFSR associated with the wake-up signal response.13.The method of any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the first device receives the wake-up signal response configuration while operating in a first operational mode, the method further comprises:switching from the first operational mode to a second operational mode.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the first device receives the wake-up signal while operating in the second operational mode, the method further comprises:generating, based on a result of processing of the wake-up signal, the wake-up signal response.15.The method of claim 14, wherein the method further comprises:switching, responsive to determining that the wake-up signal is associated with the first device, from the second operational mode to a third operational mode.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the first device transmits the wake-up signal response while operating in the third operational mode.17.The method of claim 15 or 16, wherein the third operational mode includes the first operational mode.18.The method of any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein the first operational mode includes a connected mode.19.The method of any one of claims 13 to 18, wherein the first operational mode includes a power saving mode.20.The method of any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein the second operational mode includes a connected mode.21.The method of any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the second operational mode includes a power saving mode.22.The method of any one of claims 13 to 21, wherein the second operational mode includes an idle mode.23.The method of any one of claims 13 to 22, wherein the second operational mode includes an inactive mode.24.The method of any one of claims 13 to 23, wherein the second operational mode includes a sleep mode.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the sleep mode includes a deep sleep mode.26.The method of any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a delta shaped auto-correlation function.27.The method of any one of claims 1 to 26, wherein the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.28.The method of any one of claims 1 to 27, wherein the wake-up signal has a type.29.The method of claim 28, wherein communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal.30.The method of claim 28, wherein communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a signal that has a type that is distinct from the type of the wake-up signal.31.The method of any one of claims 1 to 30, wherein communicating the wake-up signal response includes transmitting a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation.32.The method of claim 31, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a frequency modulated continuous waveform.33.The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a triangular waveform.34.The method of any one of claims 31 to 33, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a discrete waveform.35.The method of claim 34, wherein the discrete waveform is based on a sequence.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the sequence includes one of or a combination of:a Zadoff-Chu sequence;a pseudo-random sequence;an M-sequence;a Gold sequence;a Walsh sequence;a Golay sequence;a Kasami sequence;a Low density sequence;a discrete Fourier transform sequence;a fast Fourier transform sequence; anda quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.37.The method of any one of claims 1 to 36, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response.38.The method of claim 37, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response.39.The method of any one of claims 1 to 38, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.40.The method of any one of claims 1 to 39, wherein the first device includes a user equipment.41.The method of any one of claims 1 to 40, wherein the first device includes a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.42.The method of any one of claims 1 to 41, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration is transmitted from a sensing management function (SeMF) node.43.A first apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the first apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 42.44.A first apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the first apparatus to:receive a wake-up signal response configuration;receive a wake-up signal; andcommunicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal.45.A method performed by a second device, comprising:receiving, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.46.The method of claim 45, further comprising:transmitting, according to a wake-up signal configuration, the wake-up signal.47.The method of claim 45 or 46, further comprising:transmitting at least one of: a wake-up signal configuration, and the wake-up signal response configuration.48.The method of claim 45 or 46, further comprising:receiving at least one of: a wake-up signal configuration, and the wake-up signal response configuration.49.The method of any one of claims 45 to 48, further comprising:processing, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, the wake-up signal response; anddetermining, responsive to processing the wake-up signal response, that the wake-up signal is successfully received by the first device.50.The method of claim 49, wherein processing the wake-up signal response includes decoding the wake-up signal response.51.The method of claim 49 or 50, wherein processing the wake-up signal response includes obtaining information embedded in the wake-up signal response.52.The method of claim 51, wherein the information embedded in the wake-up signal response includes an indication of time-frequency resources to be used for uplink (UL) data transmission after communication of the wake-up signal response.53.The method of claim 51 or 52, wherein the information embedded in the wake-up signal response includes an indication of a first device identity.54.The method of claim 53, wherein the first device identity includes a wake-up signal response identity.55.The method of claim 54, wherein the wake-up signal response identity includes a global device identity of the first device or a function of the global device identity of the first device.56.The method of claim 55, wherein the global device identity of the first device includes an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) .57.The method of any one of claims 53 to 56, wherein the indication of the first device identity is embedded in an address of time-frequency resources used for the wake-up signal response.58.The method of any one of claims 53 to 57, wherein the indication of the first device identity is embedded in one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response.59.The method of claim 58, wherein the one or more parameters of the wake-up signal response include one or more of:a linear frequency modulation rate of the wake-up signal response;an initial frequency of the wake-up signal response;a root and cyclic shift of a Zadoff-Chu sequence associated with the wake-up signal response;a feedback logic structure of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) associated with the wake-up signal response; andan initial state of the LFSR associated with the wake-up signal response.60.The method of any one of claims 49 to 59, further comprising:obtaining, based on a result of processing the wake-up signal response, sensing information associated with the first device.61.The method of claim 60, wherein processing the wake-up signal response includes performing at least one of:a monostatic sensing operation on the wake-up signal response;a bi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response; anda multi-static sensing operation on the wake-up signal response.62.The method of claim 60 or 61, wherein the sensing information includes at least one of:a distance between the first device and the second device;a velocity of the first device relative to the second device;an angle of arrival (AoA) of the wake-up signal response; anda position of the first device.63.The method of any one of claims 45 to 62, wherein the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a delta shaped auto-correlation function.64.The method of any one of claims 45 to 63, wherein the wake-up signal response includes a signal having a relatively low cross-correlation function.65.The method of any one of claims 45 to 64, wherein the wake-up signal has a type.66.The method of claim 65, wherein receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a signal of the same type as the type of the wake-up signal.67.The method of claim 65, wherein receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a signal that has a type that is distinct from the type of the wake-up signal.68.The method of any one of claims 45 to 67, wherein receiving the wake-up signal response includes receiving a wake-up signal response signal that involves linear frequency modulation.69.The method of claim 68, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a frequency modulated continuous waveform.70.The method of claim 68 or 69, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a triangular waveform.71.The method of any one of claims 68 to 70, wherein the wake-up signal response signal includes a discrete waveform.72.The method of claim 71, wherein the discrete waveform is based on a sequence.73.The method of claim 72, wherein the sequence includes one of or a combination of:a Zadoff-Chu sequence;a pseudo-random sequence;an M-sequence;a Gold sequence;a Walsh sequence;a Golay sequence;a Kasami sequence;a Low density sequence;a discrete Fourier transform sequence;a fast Fourier transform sequence; anda quadrature amplitude modulation symbol-based sequence.74.The method of any one of claims 45 to 73, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of a type for the wake-up signal response.75.The method of claim 74, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of configuration parameters consistent with the type of the wake-up signal response.76.The method of any one of claims 45 to 75, wherein the wake-up signal response configuration includes an indication of an address of time-frequency resources to be used for the wake-up signal response.77.The method of any one of claims 45 to 76, wherein the second device includes a user equipment.78.The method of any one of claims 45 to 76, wherein the second device includes a transmit receive point, a base station, or a network node.79.The method of any one of claims 45 to 76, wherein the second device includes a sensing management function (SeMF) node.80.A second apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the second apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 45 to 79.81.A second apparatus comprising:a processor; anda computer-readable medium having stored thereon, computer-executable instructions that, when executed, cause the second apparatus to:receive, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.82.A communication system comprising the first apparatus of claim 43 and the second apparatus of claim 80.83.A communication system comprising:a first apparatus including:one or more first processors; anda first processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more first processors, cause the first apparatus to:receive a wake-up signal response configuration;receive a wake-up signal; andcommunicate, according to the wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for the wake-up signal; anda second apparatus including:one or more second processors; anda second processor-readable memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more second processors, cause the second apparatus to:receive, according to a wake-up signal response configuration, a wake-up signal response including an acknowledgement feedback for a wake-up signal.84.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor of an apparatus, enable the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 42 or any one of claims 45 to 79.85.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 42 or any one of claims 45 to 79.
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