Control system for controlling at least one thermal installation and thermal installation comprising such a control system

Abstract

The present invention relates to a control system (10) for controlling at least one thermal installation (12), in particular a thermal installation comprising at least one heat pump, the control system (10) comprising a plurality of controllers (18), each controller of the plurality of controllers (18) being configured to control the thermal installation (12), the plurality of controllers (18) including at least a first controller (20) and at least a second controller (22), and a selection module (24) configured to receive or perform an evaluation of operational data for the control of the thermal installation (12), optionally the operational data comprising at least one parameter (P) relating to the thermal installation (12), and based on the evaluation: selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers (18) and / or select and set active one controller at a time controller from the plurality of controllers (18) to control the thermal installation (12) or of a part thereof, wherein a controller that is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in stand-by mode. Moreover, the present invention relates to a thermal installation (12) that can be operated by such a control system (10), a selection module (24) in particular for the control system (10), a method to operate such a thermal installation (12), a data processing device comprising means for carrying out the method, a computer program product, a computer readable data carrier, a data carrier signal and a use of the control system (10).

Description

[0001] Control system for controlling at least one thermal installation and thermal installation comprising such a control system

[0002] The present disclosure relates to a control system for controlling at least one thermal installation and to a thermal installation comprising such a control system Moreover, the present invention relates to a selection module in particular for the control system, a method to operate such a thermal installation, a data processing device comprising means for carrying out the method, a computer program product, a computer readable data carrier, a data carrier signal and a use of the control system.

[0003] Heating or cooling of water in buildings, such as heating or cooling water of a central heating and / or cooling system or heating of water for domestic use, may be accomplished by means of water heating and / or cooling installations including a heat pump or heat pump system. Such a water heating and / or cooling installation can also be called a thermal installation. Such a heat pump system may either be a water source, usually ground source to water heat pump (GSHP) system or an air source to water heat pump (AWHP) system. In a GSHP system, calories are exchanged between the ground and the water. The calories in the ground may be extracted by capturing calories in a water table or by circulating a water-based circuit in the ground or from any suitable water source. In an AWHP system calories are exchanged between the air and the water. The water to which the calories withdrawn from the water, or the air is transferred to water which is typically located in a water circuit and / or a water tank. Such a heat pump system can also comprise a reversible heat pump and / or be a reversible heat pump system, wherein the reversible heat pump or heat pump system allows for heating and / or cooling, e.g. by way of floor cooling. In other words, a reversible heat pump system can both heat and cool a space by interchanging the role of each heat exchanger. The thermal installation can comprise at least one heat pump or heat pump system and / or an electrical backup heater and / or a gas heating device, and / or a wood-based heating device and / or any other suitable heating and / or cooling device, or electricity gen- eratorsuch as a PV module or the like.

[0004] Such thermal installations need to be controlled and are thus equipped with a control system. Just as an example of one control task, the temperature of the water inside the water tank, or of the water inside a primary or secondary or any further circuit of the thermal installation for domestic hot water, or for heating or cooling of a building, dwelling or space, can be determined by a respective internal temperature sensor and the temperature outside the water tank, can be determined by an external temperature sensor and / or or online temperature data, the values received by the respective temperature sensor are interpreted with reference to a) a heating or cooling demand or domestic water heating demand and / or b) which heating or cooling device, in other words thermal device, to use and how many calories to ask from the respective heating or cooling device to deliver the heating or cooling demand. Control systems are typically equipped with only one general controller. This one general controller has to process information received from multiple sensors which leads to a relatively high complexity for just one controller which reduces the robustness, performance and reliability of this one general controller. In addition, modern systems tend to multiply the number of sensors and apply multiple algorithms to estimate or predict unmeasured information. The control task then relies not only on direct sensor data but also on predicted data, which itself may rely on other sensors or on another layer of predicted data, and so on, ultimately depending on multiple sensors. This brings additional complexity to the measurement process. In addition, the complexity of the control tasks is constantly increasing as is the complexity of the sensing process required to provide the relevant data for the control task, such that also the risk of bugging or errors such as giving false values, malfunctioning, or no longer working, is increasing. Bugging or errors may lead to reduced performance up to malfunction of the heating and / or cooling device which may cause for example energy overconsumption and / or thermal discomfort for the user.

[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide a thermal installation, also referred to in this application as a water heating and / or cooling installation, which has an optimized response, such as response time with respect to task complexity, robustness, such as control accuracy and handling of task complexity, performance, such as energy efficiency and user comfort and high reliability adapted to the increasing complexity of tasks of the thermal installation. In particular, the reliability of control systems of the thermal installations should be increased thereby reducing or preferably avoiding energy overconsumption and / or thermal discomfort for the user. Furthermore, it is an object of the present invention to provide a water heating and / or cooling installation that can be operated by such a control system.

[0006] The object is solved by the features specified in claims 1 and 24. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and are described herein.

[0007] According to one aspect of the present invention the control system for controlling at least one thermal installation, in particular a thermal installation comprising at least one heat pump, comprises: a plurality of controllers, each controller of the plurality of controllers configured to control the thermal installation, the plurality of controllers including o at least a first controller and at least a second controller, and o a selection module configured to receive or perform an evaluation of operational data for the control of the thermal installation, optionally the operational data comprising at least one parameter (P) relating to the thermal installation, and based on the evaluation:

[0008] ■ selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers and / or

[0009] ■ selectively select and set active one controller at a time from the plurality of controllers to control the thermal installation or a part thereof, wherein a controller which is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in standby-mode.

[0010] Each controller of the plurality of controllers is configured to control the thermal installation or a part thereof. The controllers may implement different, in other words distinct, control strategies or algorithms and may be optimized for specific control tasks or operating conditions. A controller may be set active by the selection module to execute a control task, or it may be enabled but not set active. In the latter case, the controller is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more auxiliary functions such as monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in stand-by mode.

[0011] The use of at least two controllers in the control system provides a certain redundancy. In case the first controller does not work properly anymore, the selection module can select and set active the second controller as a straightforward example.

[0012] An active controller controls the thermal installation or a part of the thermal installation, in particular a task and / or a process and / or function of the thermal installation. In other words, the selected and set active controller executes a control task such, that the control task is executed by only one controller at a time. So, it is understood that while only one controller is active for a given control task at a time, multiple controllers may be active simultaneously if they are assigned to different tasks or to control parts of the thermal installation, as long as only one controller is assigned to each such task.

[0013] Controlling the thermal installation or a part thereof can for example mean to alter the behavior of the thermal installation or of a part thereof, such as the behavior of a heat pump of the thermal installation. Controlling can comprise for example starting the compressor, actioning a valve, using a backup heater, in particular any task related to operating the thermal installation or a part thereof, in particular fulfilling a heat and / or cooling demand.

[0014] Enabled within the meaning of this application therefore has the meaning that out of the plurality of controllers, the controller or set of controllers are switched on to learn and / or monitor and / or process data. Thus, an enabled controller can be switched on for learning, for example learning the behavior of the user over time but is disabled for controlling the thermal installation or of a part thereof.

[0015] The controller can also be in stand-by mode. Stand-by mode is not considered a non-controlling operational state in the sense of performing active functions such as monitoring, learning, or data processing. Rather, it refers to an idle state in which the controller is ready to be activated or enabled, without executing any control or auxiliary functions. In other words, the controller can be in stand-by mode, which is a passive, ready state in which it is not performing any control or auxiliary functions but is prepared to be activated or enabled. In other words, the controllers can be in a non-controlling operational state. The non-controlling operational state may include active auxiliary functions such as monitoring, learning, or data processing, or passive states such as standby, where the controller is enabled but not actively engaged in control or computation.

[0016] Moreover, the first controller and the second controller may be different at least with respect to their performance. In some cases, a controller offering a better performance may only work properly in a smaller operating range. In the introducing part of this application text, the two control tasks a) and b) were defined. The first controller may be better suited for task a) while the second controller may be better suited for task b). While the first controller and the second controller may both be able to fulfill the tasks a) and b) they may do so differently and not with the same level of quality, performance, operating range and the like. Moreover, the at least first and the second controller can be active at the same time, however, each respective task is only controlled by one of the first or the second controller at any time. The at least first and second controller can additionally or alternatively require different sets of information, in particular operational information. Thus, one controller can require only temperature information whereas the other controller may require further operational parameters to control the appliance or a part thereof.

[0017] Within the application, the feature that “the selection module is configured to select and set active a controller from the plurality of controllers to control the thermal installation” means that the selection module sets active the selected controller out of the plurality of controllers to perform a predefined control task, such as task a) or task b). There is only one active controller performing said control task at any given time. In other words, the first and the second controller cannot perform the same control task at the same time.

[0018] Therefore, when the respective controller is not active, said controller cannot act on the control of the thermal installation, such as heating of the domestic water or central heating or cooling. In other words, the selection module recognizes and / or ensures that any inactive controller is not currently performing any tasks or functions that can control the thermal installation. However, any controller can be enabled to perform any tasks or functions that do not control the thermal installation, such as learning the behavior of the user over time and / or learning how to control thermal installation, in particular control the thermal installation efficiently, over time. Any controller from the plurality of controllers can be enabled in a learning mode and / or monitoring mode and / or data processing mode. In a learning mode, a controller may observe system behavior or user patterns to improve future control decisions. Only one controller can be active for any given control task, at any given time, but several controllers can be enabled at the same time. Thus, an enabled controller or an enabled set of controllers refers to a controller or set of controllers out of the plurality of controllers, which are enabled for at least a learning mode and / or a monitoring mode and / or a data processing mode, by the selection module or through the selection module, in case the selection module is actioned by the user. The control system according to the present invention addresses the increasing complexity of thermal installations such as water heating and cooling systems by incorporating the plurality of controllers and the selection module configured to dynamically evaluate operational data and assign control tasks accordingly. This architecture enables a response optimized for managing complex control tasks and robustness by allowing the system to select the most suitable controller for a given task, while non-active controllers may operate in non-controlling states such as monitoring, learning, or data processing. Suitability of a controller may be determined based on operational context, performance characteristics, environmental conditions, or user-defined preferences. Such functionality enhances the reliability of the control system to cope with the growing complexity of sensor data and control logic, and thus strengthens the reliability of the control system in view of the increased demands and contributes to reduced energy overconsumption and minimized thermal discomfort for the user. Furthermore, the modular and adaptive nature of the control system ensures that the thermal installation can be operated efficiently and flexibly, thereby fulfilling the objectives of high performance and operational resilience under increasing system complexity.

[0019] In a further embodiment, a controller of the plurality of controllers may be set inactive, optionally set inactive and enabled, in particular by the selection module, wherein a controller in the inactive state does not participate in the control of the thermal installation but may optionally remain enabled to perform auxiliary functions such as monitoring, learning, or data processing.

[0020] In another embodiment, the control system further comprises at least one determination device, in particular comprising at least one sensor, the determination device being configured to acquire and provide at least in part the operational data relevant for the control of the thermal installation, the operational data comprising at least one parameter relating to the thermal installation.

[0021] In a further embodiment, the operational data comprises one or more of the following: at least one system parameter, such as controller status, energy usage, or flow control settings; historical data, such as data from previous operation cycles, maintenance records, or logged fault events; predictive data, for example generated by performance models or forecast algorithms; operational context; and user input.

[0022] In a further embodiment the operational context comprises one or more influencing factors that may affect the behavior or decision-making of the control system. These factors comprise predefined settings, such as factory defaults or user-defined configurations; installation conditions, such as layout, insulation characteristics, or system age; system and / or product conditions, for example component wear, calibration drift, or efficiency ratings; user profiles, for example reflecting preferences, occupancy schedules, or usage patterns; environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature, humidity, or ground temperature; weather forecasts and / or current weather conditions; and pricing information, for example time-of-use tariffs, dynamic pricing signals, or market rates. The operational context may be determined based on static configuration or dynamically updated during operation, for example through integration with external data sources such as weather services, building management systems, or energy pricing APIs. It may also be inferred from historical patterns or predictive models.

[0023] User input may be provided through a user interface, mobile application, or remote control system, and may include direct commands, preference settings, or responses to system prompts. Such input may influence controller selection, override behavior, or system configuration. For example, a user may define a preference for energy efficiency over response time, trigger a boost or anti-legionella mode, or adjust comfort settings that affect how the system interprets heating or cooling demand. User input may be received in real time or preconfigured and stored for future reference. This comprehensive dataset advantageously further enables the control system to make informed decisions and adapt control strategies to current and anticipated operating conditions, thereby improving responsiveness, efficiency, and user satisfaction.

[0024] In a further embodiment, the operational data comprises information acquired by the determination device, the information including at least one of the following: a temperature value, a pressure value, a flow rate, a humidity level, or a power consumption measurement. These values may be obtained from one or more sensors integrated into or associated with the thermal installation, and serve as key inputs for evaluating system performance, determining control actions, or assessing environmental and operational conditions relevant to the selection and activation of controllers.

[0025] In a further embodiment, the control system receives operational data that includes information acquired by at least one determination device, such as temperature, pressure, or flow rate measurements. The operational data may further comprise at least one system parameter, such as a controller status or energy consumption value, as well as historical data from previous operation cycles and predictive data generated by performance models. Additionally, user input may be provided to configure or adjust system behavior.

[0026] In a further embodiment the operational context may include one or more predefined settings, installation-specific conditions such as pipe layout or insulation characteristics, system or product conditions like component wear or efficiency ratings, at least one user profile, indicating preferred comfort levels or usage patterns, environmental conditions such as ambient temperature and humidity, current weather conditions or forecasts, and pricing information from energy providers. This comprehensive dataset enables the control system to make informed decisions and adapt control strategies to current and anticipated operating conditions.

[0027] In another embodiment, the control system comprises the selection module that is configured to operate in a unidirectional communication mode. In this context, unidirectional communication mode refers to a configuration in which the selection module transmits control decisions to one or more controllers based on operational data, without receiving feedback, status or capability information from the controllers. The selection is therefore based on the available operational data, such as system parameters, environmental conditions, or user input. This approach offers several advantages: it simplifies the system architecture by reducing the number of required communication interfaces; it lowers resource consumption by minimizing data exchange; it improves determinism, as system behavior is governed by predefined logic; it facilitates integration with components that do not support feedback protocols; and it enhances robustness in environments where communication reliability may be limited. These characteristics make the unidirectional mode particularly suitable for applications where feedback is unnecessary or handled through separate mechanisms.

[0028] In a further embodiment, the selection module is configured to receive operational data from at least one determination device and / or from a memory that stores previously acquired operational data. The determination device may include one or more sensors, software-based modules, or remote data sources, and may provide real-time measurements such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, or energy consumption. The memory may contain at least one of: at least one historical record, at least one predictive model or the resulting data produced by said at least one predictive model, or at least one user- defined configuration, thereby allowing the selection module to evaluate both current and past conditions when assigning control tasks. This dual-source architecture supports flexible and context-aware decision-making, enabling the control system to operate effectively even in cases where real-time data is temporarily unavailable or supplemented by stored information.

[0029] In a further embodiment, the control system includes a selection module that is configured to operate in a bidirectional communication mode. In this mode, the selection module transmits control decisions or operational data to one or more controllers and receives feedback, status information, or capability data from those controllers. This feedback may include, for example, whether the transmitted operational data is sufficient for the controller to perform its intended function under current or anticipated conditions, or whether the controller is operable within its defined performance envelope. Based on this feedback, the selection module is configured to perform or receive an evaluation and to select the most appropriate controller for execution of the respective control task. This enables the control system to make informed decisions that reflect real-time system capabilities and environmental constraints, thereby supporting adaptive and context-sensitive control behavior.

[0030] In another embodiment, the control system is configured such that the selection module is capable of operating in both unidirectional and bidirectional communication modes. In the unidirectional mode, the selection module selects a controller based solely on operational data, without receiving feedback from the controllers. This mode simplifies system architecture, reduces communication overhead, and is particularly suitable for applications where feedback is unnecessary or handled through separate mechanisms. In the bidirectional mode, the selection module receives feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers and is configured to perform or receive an evaluation based at least in part on this information. The controller is then selected based on the result of this evaluation. This dual-mode capability allows the control system to adapt its communication strategy based on system requirements, controller capabilities, or application-specific constraints.

[0031] In a further embodiment, the selection module may dynamically switch between unidirectional and bidirectional modes depending on the availability of feedback channels, the criticality of the control task, or the reliability of the communication interface. For example, in a degraded network environment, the system may default to unidirectional mode, while in normal operation, it may prefer bidirectional mode to optimize performance and responsiveness. This flexibility enhances the robustness and fault tolerance of the control system.

[0032] In another embodiment, the control system is configured such that the selection module supports simultaneous operation of unidirectional and bidirectional communication modes, depending on the characteristics of the respective ports or communication interfaces. In this configuration, the selection module dynamically determines the appropriate communication mode for each controller or group of controllers based on predefined criteria such as port capabilities, communication protocol constraints, or application-specific requirements. For example, certain controllers connected via high-reliability, low- latency channels may operate in bidirectional mode, enabling real-time feedback and adaptive control decisions. In contrast, controllers interfaced through constrained or legacy communication links may operate in unidirectional mode, where control decisions are transmitted without expecting feedback. This parallel communication strategy allows the control system to optimize performance, scalability, and fault tolerance by tailoring communication behavior to the capabilities and constraints of each connection.

[0033] In another embodiment the selection module may further comprise a port-mapping logic that associates each controller with its respective communication mode and dynamically updates this mapping in response to changes in network conditions, controller availability, or system configuration. This embodiment enhances the system’s ability to maintain robust and context-aware control across heterogeneous environments.

[0034] In another embodiment, the selection module is further configured to evaluate the operational data during operation. So, if the evaluation indicates a change in suitability, the selection module (re-)assigns the control task to a another, in other words different, controller from the plurality of available controllers.

[0035] The term change in suitability refers to a condition in which the evaluation of operational data during system operation indicates that a different controller is more appropriate for executing a given control task. Suitability may be determined based on factors such as controller availability, performance characteristics, environmental conditions, or predictive indicators of system behavior. In other words, a change in suitability may be determined based on updated system parameters, environmental conditions, or predictive data indicating that another controller is better suited to perform the task. For example, the selection module may detect that the currently assigned controller is approaching a thermal limit, that a more energy-efficient controller has become available, or that a fault has been reported by one of the controllers.

[0036] In such cases, the selection module dynamically (re-)assigns the control task to maintain optimal system performance, reliability, or compliance with operational constraints. Examples of controller assignment based on a change in suitability include the following scenarios: During operation, the selection module may detect that the currently assigned controller is approaching a thermal threshold. In such a case, the control task may be assigned to a second controller with comparable capabilities but a lower thermal load. In another example, updated pricing information may indicate a shift in energy tariffs, prompting the selection module to evaluate the operational data and assign the control task to a controller that operates more efficiently under the new cost conditions. If a controller reports a fault or reduced performance capability, the selection module may assign the task to a standby controller that is activable. A change in operational parameters, such as environmental parameters, such as for example ambient temperature or humidity may affect the performance envelope of the currently assigned controller, leading the selection module to assign the task to a controller better suited to the new environmental conditions.

[0037] Additionally, predictive analytics may indicate that a controller is likely to require maintenance in the near future. T o avoid disruption, the selection module may (proactively) assign the task to another controller before a failure occurs. The term performance envelope refers to the range of operating conditions under which a controller or system component can function effectively and reliably. This includes, but is not limited to, parameters such as temperature, humidity, voltage, current, processing load, and timing constraints. The performance envelope defines the boundaries within which the controller is expected to meet its specified performance criteria without degradation, fault, or failure. A change in environmental or system conditions that causes the controller to operate outside its defined performance envelope may affect its suitability for a given control task. A performance testing module may optionally be included to compare operational characteristics of different controllers over time, such as energy efficiency or thermal stability.

[0038] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to evaluate a user-defined preference list to determine which controller from the plurality of controllers is to be set as active.

[0039] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to evaluate the active controller upon detecting a modification in the user-defined preference list. According to a further embodiment, the evaluation comprises comparing the currently active controller with the top preferred controller based on at least one of: a preference value (PREF), a predicted performance (PP), or operational data.

[0040] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to maintain the currently active controller if it remains the top preferred controller after evaluation.

[0041] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to set inactive the currently active controller and set active a different controller from the plurality of controllers if the currently active controller is no longer the top preferred controller.

[0042] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to manage override operations by temporarily pausing the currently active controller in response to an override trigger, and in particular selectively set active a further controller to control the override operation.

[0043] According to a further embodiment, the override trigger is based on operational data acquired by the determination device and / or user input.

[0044] According to a further embodiment, during the override operation, a predefined control logic, safety routine, or emergency protocol is activated.

[0045] According to a further embodiment, the override operation includes activating the first controller in a monitoring or stand-by mode.

[0046] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is configured to resume the previously active controller upon completion of the override operation.

[0047] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to manage override operations by temporarily pausing the currently active controller in response to the override trigger. The override trigger may be based on operational data acquired by the determination device or on user input. During the override operation, the selection module is configured to temporarily pause the previously active controller in response to an override trigger. In its place, a predefined control logic, safety routine, or fallback controller, such as the first or second controller, may be set active to assume control or operate in a limited-control role, depending on the nature of the override. Once the override condition is resolved, the selection module can resume, thus again set active, the previously active controller or set active a further suitable controller from the plurality of controllers. This embodiment enables the system to execute critical or exceptional procedures without disrupting the overall control strategy or compromising operational continuity. In another embodiment, the determination device of the control system may include a temperature sensor for acquiring environmental or system temperature data; however, the determination device is not necessarily the thermostat. The thermostat may function as a basic controller, operable with a basic temperature sensor, and is capable of independently running the installation if required. In scenarios where other controllers are unavailable or inoperative, the thermostat serves as a default controller, ensuring continued operation of the thermal installation. If the thermostat itself is unavailable, the installation is rendered non-operational. The system may include a default controller, such as a thermostat, which ensures basic operability in the absence of other controllers. Accordingly, the system architecture ensures that a default controller — typically the thermostat — is always enabled and available to maintain basic functionality. In certain embodiments, the default controller may correspond to the first controller in the control sequence or to any other controller of the plurality of controllers.

[0048] In another embodiment, the thermostat may provide temperature data to the determination device, for example via an integrated sensor, and primarily functioning as a controller which can be enabled and / or selected by the selection module.

[0049] In another embodiment, the control system may optionally operate across predefined, temporally distinct control phases, such as a first phase (Atx) for data acquisition or stabilization, and a second phase (At2) for optimized or adaptive control.

[0050] In another embodiment, one controller, for example the first controller, can be active and one other controller, for example the second controller, can be inactive.

[0051] In another embodiment one controller, for example the first controller, can be active and the other controller, for example the second controller, can be inactive and enabled. The first controller can for example control the heating and / or cooling installation and the second controller can be enabled by the selection module in a learning mode. So, the second controller can learn to control the heating and / or cooling installation or parts thereof, such as taking over specific tasks and / or processes.

[0052] In another embodiment one controller, for example the first controller, can be active and enabled and the other controller, for example the second controller, can be inactive. So, as an example an active controller can also be an enabled controller which can run a learning mode and / or a monitoring mode and / or a data processing mode. The data processing mode can for example be related to data for the active controller and / or can be related to data processing for a set of controllers of the plurality of controllers different from the active controller or including the active controller. The learning mode can be related to a process and / or a task and / or a controller. The learning mode can depend on data processing. The monitoring mode can be related to a process and / or a task and / or a controller. The monitoring mode can also depend on data processing and / or learning. In another embodiment one controller, for example the first controller, can be active and enabled and the other controller, for example the second controller, can be inactive and enabled.

[0053] In an embodiment, the at least first controller can be a standard controller for predefined basic tasks, wherein such a more standard controller can be more reliable and / or energy efficient, the second controller can be a more advanced controller which offers a better performance but may also need additional information to operate compared to the first controller. The second controller can be chosen for performing predefined complex tasks of the thermal installation when a predefined satisfying condition for such a complex task is met. The first controller can be chosen to provide the less demanding or basic tasks which require less information and / or energy and where the satisfying condition for the more complex tasks is not met.

[0054] Thus, in other words, the control system according to the invention allows for the control system to allocate tasks to the respective controller better suited for the respective task based on the complexity of the task and allows to switch between e.g. a more advanced controller for a complex task requiring e.g. more information for performing the task and a less demanding, or standard controller can be chosen if a less demanding task can be performed by the less demanding controller.

[0055] The selection module may be a separate hardware component; however, it may be implemented by software that can be executed on the control system. The selection module may comprise components such as a time monitor, activation logic, controller interface, and output routing logic, implemented in hardware or software. Also, the selection module can be on the same hardware or in a different software or hardware as the first controller and the second controller. Remote control in the cloud or in another devices or boards can thereby be implemented. The components of the control system can be hardware, software, virtual, distributed, cloud-based, etc.

[0056] According to a further embodiment, the selection module may comprise or interface with multiple architectural components to support its decision-making functionality. These components may include:

[0057] - a time monitoring unit to track operational phases or elapsed durations, and / or

[0058] - an activation logic unit to determine when to switch between controllers, and / or

[0059] - a controller interface to manage communication with the controllers, and / or

[0060] - an output routing unit to ensure that only the active controller’s output is applied to the thermal installation, and / or

[0061] - a quality control unit to evaluate the reliability of incoming data.

[0062] This modular architecture enables the selection module to support seamless controller transitions, override handling, and adaptive behavior based on real-time or historical operational data. The selection module may be implemented as a standalone component or integrated into one of the controllers. Within this application, a set of controllers refers to two or more controllers out of the plurality of controllers of the control system.

[0063] The operating range of a controller depends on the quality and quantity of the measurement and the information needed to be treated. According to the invention, a step to determine / decide if the controller is able to function, or is operational, is conducted. It is understood in the application that the term “the controller is able to function or is operational” means that the controller is properly set up and can handle incoming requests and provide appropriate responses, any hardware component is connected and recognized by the respective control system, or the controller, or the set of controllers, and the correct hardware can interact with the software the respective controller is designated to control. The functionality can be determined based on the determination whether the controller is inside its operating range. Thanks to this determination step, the control system will allow to switch to the best controller for which predefined satisfying conditions and / or activation conditions are met. The operating range of a controller pre-defines in which circumstances the controller is designed or defined to operate and control the thermal installation.

[0064] Examples of parameters that can be determined may be parameters of function, and / or physical parameters of the thermal installation. For example, these parameters suitably include, but are not limited to, a source, destination or refrigerant fluid temperature or pressure, a flow rate (i.e. the rate at which the heating medium (e.g., water, air) circulates through the thermal installation), the energy and / or information and / or operating state of the system, any further system characteristics, such as setpoint temperature, actual temperature, e.g. of the medium or space to be heated and / or cooled, energy consumption, heat output and / or the instantaneous or consumed power of the compressor.

[0065] In case the first controller and the second controller are different with respect to the performance of the tasks they have to fulfill, the selection module may assign the task a) to the first controller and task b) to the second controller. As a result, the reliability and the performance, such as for example realized energy savings, thermal comfort, heating time profiles and / or the Coefficient of Performance (COP), of the thermal installation operated by the control system, as well as the reliability and the performance of the control system itself are efficiently improved. The COP is a measure of the efficiency of heating and / or cooling installations, such as heat pump systems. The COP is the ratio of useful heating or cooling thermal energy delivered compared to the energy consumed.

[0066] Mathematically, it can be expressed as: where:

[0067] (Q) is the useful heat supplied or removed by the thermal installation. (W) is the work input required by the thermal installation.

[0068] According to another embodiment the control system comprises a memory configured to record the determined parameter (P) and / or a determined parameter over time (PT). The term memory is often synonymous with the terms RAM, main memory, or primary storage. The recording of the determined parameters over time can be used to identify certain patterns e.g., in the heating demand. As an example, a high heating demand may be recorded in the morning hours of workdays between 6:00h and 7:00h. The control system may anticipate such heating demands and thus find an optimal way how to fulfill the heating demand with minimum energy consumption.

[0069] In a further embodiment the selection module is configured to determine a set of activable controllers from the plurality of controllers, based, at least in part, on the determined parameter and / or the recorded determined parameter over time, and in particular to select and set active a controller from the set of enabled controllers. An activable controller refers to a controller or a set of controllers out of the plurality of controllers where at least one predefined activation condition is fulfilled. Alternatively or additionally, the selection module can enable a controller from the plurality of controllers to be in a learning mode and / or a monitoring mode and / or a data processing mode.

[0070] In one embodiment, the control system includes a selection module configured to determine a set of activable controllers from a plurality of available controllers. A controller is considered activable if it satisfies an activation condition (Q), which may be defined based on one or more parameters (P), such as temperature, flow rate, or energy consumption, or a recorded parameter over time (PT), such as at least one historical temperature profile or usage pattern. For example, a controller may be activable only if the ambient temperature is below a threshold and the system has been idle for a minimum duration. This embodiment enables the system to dynamically assess which controllers are eligible for activation under current or anticipated conditions.

[0071] In one embodiment, the control system is configured to dynamically (re-)assign a control task to a different controller from the plurality of controllers during operation. The term (re-)assign as used herein refers to the process by which the selection module, based on an updated evaluation of operational data, either assigns a control task to a controller for the first time or reassigns it from a currently active controller to another controller that is deemed more suitable under the prevailing conditions.

[0072] Suitability may be determined based on factors such as:

[0073] • performance characteristics of the controller,

[0074] • environmental conditions such as ambient temperature or humidity,

[0075] • predictive indicators such as forecasted energy demand or pricing,

[0076] • controller availability or fault status. For example, if the selection module detects that the currently active controller is approaching a thermal threshold or has reported a fault, it may reassign the control task to a standby controller that remains fully operational. Similarly, if updated pricing information indicates a shift in energy tariffs, the selection module may evaluate the operational data and reassign the task to a controller that operates more efficiently under the new cost conditions.

[0077] This dynamic (re-)assignment ensures that the control system maintains optimal performance, energy efficiency, and reliability throughout operation, even as system conditions evolve.

[0078] In a further embodiment, the control system is configured such that: a controller may be activable, or activable and enabled. A controller is considered activable, within this application, when it satisfies an activation condition and is eligible to be set active for controlling the thermal installation. A controller that is both activable and enabled may additionally operate in a non-controlling state, such as monitoring, learning, or data processing. Additionally or alternatively, the system is configured to track the activable and enabled states of controllers independently or in combination. This means the system may maintain separate sets of activable controllers and enabled controllers, or a unified set annotated with each controller’s current state. This allows the selection module to evaluate controller readiness and eligibility for activation based on real-time or stored operational data, and to prioritize controllers that are both activable and enabled for rapid activation when needed.

[0079] In a further embodiment, the selection module is configured to selectively set active a controller from the set of activable controllers based, at least in part, on a preference (PREF). This preference may reflect user-defined priorities (e.g., energy efficiency, comfort, cost), system-level optimization goals, or external constraints such as pricing signals. The selection module determines whether each controller meets its activation condition (Q) based on the current parameter (P) and / or recorded parameter over time (PT), and then selects the controller that best aligns with the preference. For instance, if both Controller A and Controller B are activable, but Controller A offers higher predicted efficiency under the current load, it may be selected as the active controller.

[0080] In a further embodiment, only controllers that are activable — i.e. , those for which the activation condition (Q) is satisfied — are eligible to be set active. Enabled controllers, which are in a non-controlling operational state (e.g., monitoring, learning, data processing, or stand-by), may or may not be activable. However, a controller must be activable to be considered for activation. The system may maintain separate or overlapping sets of enabled and activable controllers, depending on operational requirements. In particular, a controller may be both enabled and activable, allowing it to be set active without delay if selected based on a preference (PREF), such as energy efficiency, cost, or environmental conditions.

[0081] In a further embodiment, the system may maintain separate or overlapping sets of enabled and activable controllers, depending on operational requirements. A separate set configuration refers to a case where the system tracks enabled controllers independently from activable ones, for example, some controllers may be enabled for auxiliary functions (e.g., monitoring or learning) but are not activable because their activation condition (Q) is not fulfilled. Conversely, a controller may be activable but not enabled, such as when it meets its activation condition but is administratively locked or undergoing maintenance. An overlapping set configuration refers to situations where a controller is both enabled and activable, for example, it is in a non-controlling operational state and its activation condition (Q) is fulfilled. In this case, the controller can be set active without delay if selected. This flexible architecture allows the system to adapt dynamically to changing operational contexts, ensuring that only suitable controllers are set active while others remain available for auxiliary roles or future activation.

[0082] In a further embodiment, the system may maintain a unified list of controllers that includes both activable and enabled controllers. In this context, the list serves as a composite reference for the selection module to evaluate controller states and determine eligibility for activation or auxiliary functions.

[0083] Each controller in the list may be:

[0084] • Activable only: The controller meets its activation condition (Q) but is not currently enabled (e.g., due to a lockout or administrative restriction).

[0085] • Enabled only: The controller is in a non-controlling operational state (e.g., monitoring, learning, or data processing) but does not meet its activation condition (Q).

[0086] • Both activable and enabled: The controller is in a non-controlling state and its activation condition is fulfilled, making it immediately eligible to be set active if selected.

[0087] The system may annotate or tag each controller in the list with its current state(s), allowing the selection module to:

[0088] • Filter for activable controllers when determining which controller to set active.

[0089] • Filter for enabled controllers when assigning auxiliary tasks.

[0090] • Prioritize controllers that are both activable and enabled for rapid activation.

[0091] This unified list structure advantageously further supports efficient state management and flexible controller assignment while preserving the distinction between activation eligibility and auxiliary readiness.

[0092] In another embodiment, once the set of activable controllers has been determined, the selection module is configured to select a controller to be set active from this set. The selection may be based on a variety of criteria, including predicted performance, controller availability, or system state. This embodiment ensures that only controllers that are both eligible and optimal under the current conditions are set active, improving system responsiveness and reliability.

[0093] In another embodiment, a controller may be in one of several states: activable, enabled, or both. A controller is activable if it meets its activation condition, and enabled if it has been pre-authorized or initialized for potential use. The system may require both conditions to be met before a controller can be set active. For example, a controller may be activable based on environmental conditions but not enabled due to a maintenance lockout. This layered state model allows for more granular control and safety in system operation.

[0094] As initially explained, some of the controllers may be better suited for one specific task than others. Moreover, parameter use of the control system can be optimized over time based on for example on specific patterns or based on more data being available over time. For example, the heating demand profile may be better identifiable over time. The optimal way how to fulfill the heating demand with minimum energy consumption may include certain control tasks for which a certain controller is better suited than another. For example, the control system might learn to use a function that takes the setpoint temperature, the actual temperature, and the flow rate as parameters and their development over time to adjust the heat output and maintain the desired temperature efficiently as an optimization task. In this embodiment, the selection module may determine a set of controllers from the plurality of controllers that may be used for the particular control task. In this context, the process of identifying activable controllers based on evolving parameters, so in other words parameters and their development over time, is an illustrative example of how the system can evaluate operational data to guide controller selection.

[0095] In another embodiment the set of activable controllers includes at least the first controller. The first controller may be a standard controller that is set active by default. The first controller may be the most reliable controller of the control system, albeit not necessarily the one of the highest performance for a particular task. Moreover, a robust and degraded-mode second controller can operate in a large operating range, larger than and / or encompassing the operating range of the first controller. The second controller can be activable, enabled or both, but it is not set active by default.

[0096] In a further embodiment the selection module is configured to select operational data from among the available operational data, wherein the selected operational data satisfies predefined quality criteria for processing or transmission. These quality criteria may include, for example, data freshness, accuracy, resolution, source reliability, or contextual relevance.

[0097] For example, the operational data may be received from one or more of:

[0098] • at least one determination device according to the invention, such as a temperature or flow sensor installed in the thermal installation;

[0099] • a memory storing previously acquired operational data, such as historical temperature profiles or energy consumption logs;

[0100] • at least one predictive model, such as for example a preditive model which generates forecasted values based on past trends and current conditions; or

[0101] • user input, for example user input specifying preferences or constraints, for example comfort settings, energy cost thresholds. The selection module may evaluate multiple data sources and select, for instance, the most recent temperature value from a high-resolution sensor over an older or lower-quality reading stored in memory. This ensures that the control decision is based on the most relevant and reliable data available, thereby improving the responsiveness and accuracy of the control system.

[0102] A further embodiment requires that the selection module is configured to select the controller to be active from the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers. As mentioned, the selection module may first determine a set of activable controllers from the plurality of controllers. At a later stage, which may begin considerably later, one controller out of the activable controllers is then set active by the selection module. The reaction time can be kept short; for example within seconds. As used within this application, the term “and optionally enabled” means that a controller which is activable may additionally be enabled, meaning it is in a non-controlling operational state (e.g., monitoring, learning, data processing). However, enabled status is not required for activation. Thus, the enabled status or mode is optional and may be present or not.

[0103] According to another embodiment the selection module is configured to select the controller to be active based, at least in part, on a preference and / or on a predicted performance measure of the thermal installation when using the selected controller.

[0104] In this embodiment the controller that optimally performs a given task can be active based on relevant parameters, with the aim of improving the performance such as thermal comfort and energy savings, and / or stability and robustness of the control and comprehensible criteria which are transparent, clear and can be easy to understand for the user and / or an installer.

[0105] Moreover, a controller or a set of controllers can be selected and set active by the user through the selection module. For example, by setting a high preference to the respective controller available, the selection module will set the respective controller active if activable else once possible, i.e. as once the respective controller is set to activable and has the highest preference and / or highest performance out of the available set of controllers. The selection module sets the respective controller active, if the respective controller is available and activable and is most preferred and / or most performant, which means that the selection module sets the respective controller to be the one controlling the thermal installation or a process or task of the heating and / or cooling installation.

[0106] According to another embodiment the selection module is configured to determine the set of activable controllers based, at least in part, on determining whether the parameter and / or the recorded determined parameter over time meets an activation condition of a controller to be included in the set of activable controllers. In this embodiment activation conditions are defined. The parameter and / or the recorded determined parameter over time is then analyzed with respect to the activation conditions. Only if the activation conditions are met, the respective controller can be selected and set active. The activation is conducted based on determinable conditions. Suitable parameters can include for example sensor measurements, calculation results, predefined software states and / or variables, data received from the heating and / or cooling installation and / or from external sources.

[0107] In a further embodiment the first controller is set active when the thermal installation is started. In this embodiment, the first controller is set active by default unless and until the selection module selects another controller. Thus, it is ensured that the thermal installation is controlled by at least one controller without the need to first select one controller when the thermal installation is started. The first controller can for example be a standard controller, to further ensure that the less demanding controller is chosen by default and the selection module can select e.g. the second controller as a more advanced controller, in case the predefined satisfying conditions of the control system are met for a complex task, thereby further optimizing the control system performance Alternatively or additionally, the first controller is set active and the second controller is inactive. Alternatively or additionally, the first controller is set active and the second controller is inactive and enabled. Alternatively or additionally, the first controller is set active and enabled and the second controller is inactive. Alternatively or additionally, the first controller is set active and enabled and the second controller is inactive and enabled.

[0108] In another embodiment the selection module is configured to select and set active a controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers when a predetermined period of time has lapsed since the thermal installation was started; and / or a predetermined period of time has lapsed since setting active and / or enabling a controller; and / or

[0109] - the activation condition of the active controller is no longer met; and / or

[0110] - the preference has changed; and / or a re-selection of the active controller is requested; and / or a predetermined trigger event occurs; and / or the selection module is configured to determine the set of activable controllers from the plurality of controllers when a predetermined period of time has lapsed since the thermal installation was started, a predetermined period of time has lapsed since determining the activable and optionally enabled controller; and / or

[0111] - the activation condition of the controller is no longer met; and / or a predetermined trigger event occurs; and / or a (re-)determination of the activable and optionally enabled controllers is requested. The mentioned criteria can be used to decide which controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers should be active. These criteria are based on preferences and performance predictions and allow for efficient and easy implementation and allow for performance optimization of the control system and / or the thermal installation.

[0112] A further embodiment defines that the selection module comprises two sub-modules, a first sub-module configured to select and set active a controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers and / or configured to enable a controller from the plurality of controllers, and a second sub-module configured to determine the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers from the plurality of controllers.

[0113] The selection module is subdivided into a first sub-module and a second sub-module which have different tasks. While the second sub-module determines the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers, the first sub-module selects and set active a controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers. Each sub-module can fulfill the particular task independently from the other one. The performance and reliability of the selection module is thus improved.

[0114] According to another embodiment the selection module is configured to pause the active controller during an override procedure. Override procedures may procedures that are only carried out under specified conditions. An override procedure in this context is for example that in case a pre-defined condition is met, such as in that in the event of emergency or in case of a specific, pre-defined condition or variable value being met, the override procedure allows one critical controller to take precedence. A critical controller is a controller or set of controllers out of the plurality of controllers, which are used to apply an associated override procedure. For example, the pre-defined condition is met when a variable exceeds a safety threshold, or the variable value drops below a predefined performance threshold. In such a case, a pre-defined critical controller takes over control of the respective process variable, overriding the operation of any other controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers. The critical controller can relinquish control again, e.g. in case the respective pre-defined condition or variable value is within a predetermined range, or safe limit, and the control can return to being regulated by the controller active prior to the override procedure. Such an override procedure allows for maintaining safety and / or improving performance, such as by ensuring that processes remain within pre-defined operational parameters or allowing for efficiency improvement based on variable limits. Override procedures may preferably be a holiday mode, a standby-mode or a boost mode. While the holiday mode and the stand-by mode are mainly defining an inactivity or limit the water heating and / or cooling process, a boost mode triggers and activates, thus sets active, the water heating and / or cooling process. Another example of an override procedure may be an anti-legionella mode. The anti-legionella mode suitably comprises a legionella prevention heating mode. The anti-legionella mode can be controlled by a pre- determined controller. The anti-legionella mode can be repeated at pre-determined intervals or can be chosen ad hoc, e.g. by the user. Legionella bacteria are commonly found in water where the bacteria multiply in temperature ranges of between 20 and 45 °C, if sufficient nutrients are available. The bacteria are dormant below 20 °C and do not survive above 60 °C. Legionnaires' disease is a potentially fatal type of pneumonia, contracted by inhaling airborne water droplets containing viable Legionella bacteria. Thus, adequate protective measures need to be put in place to ensure that the risk of Legionella growth is reduced, preferably prevented. The anti-legionella mode can be comprised within a boost mode.

[0115] Override procedures usually require the use of special, or critical controllers, outside the scope of the set of activable controllers described above.

[0116] In one embodiment, the selection module is configured to select and set active one controller from a plurality of controllers and additionally to operate as a guidance engine for the control system. In the context of operating as a guidance engine, the selection module may, instead of - or in addition to - issuing direct control commands in all cases, evaluate operational data - such as system health indicators, performance metrics, and environmental conditions - and provide guidance information to one or more controllers. This guidance may include recommendations or contextual instructions, such as entering or exiting specific operational states (e.g., monitoring, learning), preparing for potential takeover, or adjusting behavior based on predicted system needs. The controllers may be configured to interpret and optionally act upon this guidance according to their internal logic or capabilities. This architecture enables a flexible and non-intrusive integration of the selection module into existing systems, allowing for enhanced coordination, adaptive behavior, and performance optimization without requiring modification of the individual controllers. The guidance mechanism also supports fallback strategies, learningbased adaptation, and mode-specific control, thereby improving system resilience and intelligence.

[0117] In a further embodiment the override procedure is activated by a triggering event, by a request, at predetermined times, and / or at predetermined intervals. These criteria are easy to define and set by the end-user. Alternatively, the triggering event may be factory set or programs which conduct override procedures. Internal or external software could determine to trigger it.

[0118] A further aspect of the invention relates to a thermal installation comprising a control system of any one of the preceding embodiments, the thermal installation further comprising at least one heating and / or cooling device, such as a heat pump, in particular reversible heat pump, in particular a heat pump system, in particular a reversible heat pump system, connected to a water distribution system through a water inlet and a water outlet, wherein the determination device comprises at least one temperature, volume, flowrate and / or energy determination device, configured to determine the distributed water temperature at the water inlet and / or at the water outlet and / or the water temperature inside the heating and / or cooling device. The technical effects and advantages as discussed with regard to the present control system to a large extent equally apply to the thermal installation. Briefly, the use of two controllers in the control system provides a certain redundancy. In case the first controller does not work properly, the selection module can select and set active the second controller. Moreover, the controllers may be of a different design and differ in performance depending on the task they should execute. The control system of the thermal installation can choose the controller that offers the best performance for a specific task. Thus, reliability and performance can be improved.

[0119] In another embodiment the at least one heating and / or cooling device comprises a thermodynamic heat pump with a variable or fixed-speed compressor, and / or an additional heating element comprising an electrical heater and / or a heat exchanger in fluid communication with an additional heating and / or cooling system.

[0120] Heat pumps transfer heat (and so, calories) from a cold medium to a hot medium. As they transfer rather than generate heat, they are more energy-efficient than other ways of heating or cooling a dwelling or the like. However, under certain conditions, the heat that can be transferred may not be sufficient to fulfill the heat and / or cool demand. In such conditions, a back-up element such as an electrical heater can be used alternatively or in addition to the heat pump. It may also be possible to use an additional heating and / or cooling system that may include a storage tank where a large amount of water of high temperature may be stored. When the heat that can be transferred by the heat pump is not sufficient, heat from the additional heating and / or cooling system can be used. Heat pump systems according to the invention can also comprise reversible heat pumps and / or be reversible heat pump systems, which allow for heating and cooling, e.g. by way of floor cooling. The thermal installation according to the invention can comprise at least one heat pump or heat pump system and / or an electrical backup heater and / or a gas heating and / or cooling device, and / or a wood-based heating device and / or any other suitable heating and / or cooling device, such as a PV module or the like.

[0121] A further embodiment defines that the determination device further comprises at least one additional determination device configured to determine a temperature of the distributed water, water flow volume of the distributed water, water energy of the distributed water, physical temperature outside the system, consumed water flow rate of the distributed water, consumed water flow volume of the distributed water, and / or the temperature of water inside of a storage tank in fluid communication with the at least one heating and / or cooling device.

[0122] The additional determination device could include air medium, alongside with water especially for heat- ing / cooling (H / C) applications and serves for the determination of the heat source temperature. The additional determination device provides information on the current status of the additional heating element such that it can be decided to transfer calories therefrom. A further aspect of the invention relates to a selection module implemented in software and / or hardware for use in a control system for controlling at least one thermal installation. The selection module can optionally be configured to receive operational data from the determination device. The selection module is configured to evaluate the operational data, and, based on the evaluation, selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers and / or selectively set active a first and / or second controller at a time from the plurality of controllers to control the thermal installation or a part thereof. The first and / or second controller that is enabled but not active is in a non-controlling operational state, the non-controlling operational state, in particular being configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or being in stand-by mode.

[0123] It is understood that the selection module can be implemented with or without a determination device; in particular, the selection module may receive operational data from various sources, including sensors, external systems, preconfigured settings, or internal controller logic, thereby allowing for flexible integration depending on system architecture and available data inputs.

[0124] According to a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to determine at least one control task, assign one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers to execute a plurality of control tasks either sequentially or concurrently based on controller suitability and task requirements, and / or assign control tasks based on updated operational data.

[0125] A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for controlling at least one thermal installation using a control system according to the invention. The method comprises acquiring operational data - optionally by a determination device, the operational data comprising at least one parameter relating to the thermal installation; evaluating the operational data by the selection module; and, based on the evaluation, selectively enabling one or more controllers from a plurality of controllers, including at least a first controller and a second controller, and / or selectively selecting and setting active one controller at a time from the plurality of controllers to control the thermal installation or a part thereof. A controller that is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or being in stand-by mode.

[0126] It is understood that the method may be implemented with or without a determination device; in particular, the selection module may receive operational data from various sources, including sensors, external systems, preconfigured settings, or internal controller logic, thereby allowing for flexible integration depending on system architecture and available data inputs.

[0127] In one embodiment, the selection module which can be implemented in software and / or hardware, is configured to manage the activation and enabling of controllers based on operational data. The selection module is configured to: • Optionally receive operational data from a determination device, such as a temperature sensor, flow meter, or external data source.

[0128] • Evaluate the operational data, which may include system parameters, environmental conditions, historical trends, predictive models, or user preferences.

[0129] • Based on this evaluation, the selection module is configured to:

[0130] • Selectively enable one or more controllers from a plurality of controllers. Enabled controllers are placed in a non-controlling operational state, where they may perform auxiliary functions such as monitoring, learning, data processing, or remain in stand-by mode.

[0131] • Selectively set active one controller at a time — such as the first or second controller — to control the thermal installation or a part thereof. The active controller is responsible for executing a control task, such as managing a heat pump or regulating water temperature.

[0132] This embodiment allows the control system to maintain a pool of enabled controllers that are ready to be set active when needed, improving responsiveness and system resilience.

[0133] In a further embodiment, the selection module is further configured to perform task management and controller assignment. Specifically, the selection module is further configured to:

[0134] • Determine at least one control task, such as heating water to a target temperature, switching between energy sources, or initiating a defrost cycle.

[0135] • Assign one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers to execute a plurality of control tasks either sequentially or concurrently, depending on the suitability of each controller and the requirements of the task. For example, a controller optimized for energy efficiency may be assigned to manage steady-state heating, while another controller with faster response time may be assigned to handle rapid temperature changes.

[0136] • (Re-)assign control tasks dynamically based on updated operational data, such as changes in environmental conditions, user preferences, or system performance metrics. This enables the control system to adapt in real time and maintain optimal performance.

[0137] This embodiment supports adaptive control strategies, load balancing, and fault tolerance, ensuring that the most appropriate controller is always assigned to each task based on current system conditions.

[0138] According to a further embodiment, the selection module operates in a unidirectional communication mode in which the selection module selects a controller based on the operational data without receiving feedback from the controllers. According to a further embodiment, the selection module operates in a bidirectional communication mode in which the selection module receives feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers regarding their operability under current or anticipated conditions and selects a controller based on the received feedback.

[0139] A further aspect of the invention relates to a data processing device comprising means for carrying out the method as described in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0140] A further aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product comprising instructions to cause the heat pump of any of the preceding embodiments to execute the steps of the method as described.

[0141] A further aspect of the invention relates to a computer-readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program product as described.

[0142] A further aspect of the invention relates to a data carrier signal carrying the computer program product as described.

[0143] A further aspect of the invention relates to the use of a control system for controlling at least one thermal installation, in particular a thermal installation comprising at least one heat pump, wherein the control system in particular comprises the selection module as described in the preceding embodiments.

[0144] The advantages described in connection with one aspect of the invention equally apply to other aspects, even if not explicitly repeated. Similarly, the embodiments presented for a particular aspect are to be understood as illustrative embodiments also within the context of the other aspects of the invention. This cross-applicability ensures that the disclosed features, configurations, and benefits are not limited to a single claim category but extend throughout the invention as a whole. For example a configuration of the selection module in an embodiment includes the capability to perform a corresponding step in the method according to a further aspect to the invention.

[0145] The present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings attached wherein

[0146] Figure 1 shows an inventive embodiment of a control system for controlling a thermal installation and

[0147] Figure 2 a water thermal installation that comprises the control system shown in Figure 1, both figures showing principle drawings;

[0148] Figure 3 a flowchart of an embodiment of a selection module and a selection process as part of the control system; Figure 4 a flowchart of a further embodiment ofthe selection module as part of the control system for managing controller activation and switching in a thermal Installation;

[0149] Figure 5 a flowchart of an overwriting procedure of the control system for the thermal installation according to another embodiment;

[0150] Figure 6 a flowchart of a recording procedure of the control system for the thermal installation according to another embodiment; and

[0151] Figure 7 a flowchart of the control system for prioritizing control of heating devices in the thermal installation according to a further embodiment.

[0152] Figure 8 a principle drawing of a controller hierarchy of the plurality of controllers 18 within the control system 10, which is configured to control at least one thermal installation 12 according to a further embodiment.

[0153] Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a control system 10 which is used for controlling at least one thermal installation 12, in particular a water heating and / or cooling installation. The control system 10 can optionally comprise a determination device 14, in particular comprising at least one sensor 16, configured to acquire and provide operational data comprising at least one parameter P relating to the thermal installation 12. The control system 10 further comprises a plurality of controllers 18, each configured to control the thermal installation 12, the plurality including at least a first controller 20 and at least a second controller 22. A selection module 24 is provided, which is configured to receive or perform an evaluation of operational data for the control of the thermal installation 12, optionally the operational data comprising at least one parameter (P) relating to the thermal installation 12, and based on the evaluation:

[0154] - selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers 18, and / or

[0155] - selectively select and set active one controller at a time from the plurality of controllers 18 to control the thermal installation 12 or a part thereof, wherein a controller that is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or stand-by mode. The selection module 24 is further configured to determine a set of activable controllers 23 from the plurality of controllers 18, based, for example, on the determined parameter P and / or the recorded determined parameter over time PT. The first controller 20 can for example be among the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers 23.

[0156] The selection module 24 may comprise two sub-modules:

[0157] - a first sub-module 28 configured to select and set active a controller from the set of enabled and / or activable controllers 23 and / or to enable a controller from the plurality of controllers 18; and

[0158] - a second sub-module 30 configured to determine the set of activable controllers 23.

[0159] The control system 10 further comprises a memory 26 configured to record the determined parameter (P) and / or a determined parameter over time (PT). Figure 2 is a principle sketch of a thermal installation 12 that comprises a control system 10 as shown in Figure 1. The thermal installation 12 is equipped with a heating and / or cooling device 32 connected to a water distribution system 34 comprising a water inlet 36 and a water outlet 38 of a water tank 58. The determination device 14 enables determination of temperature, volume, flowrate and / or energy at the water inlet 36 and / or the water outlet 38 and / or the water temperature inside the water tank 58.

[0160] The thermal installation 12 also includes a heat pump 40 having a compressor 42 of variable or fixed speed. The heat pump 40 transfers heat from the exterior of the thermal installation 12 to water stored in the water tank 58.

[0161] The thermal installation 12 is further equipped with an additional heating and / or cooling system 46 that includes an additional heating element 44 by which the water in the water tank 58 can be heated either in addition to or instead of the heat pump 40. The additional heating element 44 may comprise an electrical heater 52 that can interact with the water in the water tank 58.

[0162] The additional heating and / or cooling system 46 also comprises a storage tank 50 where hot water can be stored. A heat exchanger 54 is in fluid communication with the water in the storage tank 50 and the water in the water tank 58. If needed, heat can be transferred from the water in the storage tank 50 to the water in the water tank 58. An additional determination device 56 enables determination of the temperature or other relevant parameter P of the water in the storage tank 50. A pump 60 can be activated to transfer heat from the storage tank 50 to the water tank 58 and vice versa.

[0163] The thermal installation 12 can be operated as follows:

[0164] With reference to Figure 1, the control system comprises a plurality of controllers 18, among them one first controller 20 and one second controller 22. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1 , the plurality of controllers 18 comprises six controllers, three of which are activable controllers 23 which can optionally be enabled. In Figure 1 , the activable controllers 23 are hatched. The selection module 24 selects and sets active the controllers from the plurality of activable controllers 23. Optionally, the selection module 24 may be configured to selectively set active a controller from the set of activable controllers 23 based, at least in part, on a preference (PREF). Optionally, a controller may be activable, and optionally activable and enabled.

[0165] With reference to Figure 2, the temperatures of the water inside the water tank 58, at the water inlet 36 and the water outlet 38 can be determined by the optional determination device 14. These three temperatures and their change over time may be interpreted with reference to: a) a water heating and / or cooling demand, and / or b) whether the thermal energy of the water in the water tank 58 is sufficient to satisfy the heat- ing / cooling demand or if energy from the additional heating / cooling system is needed.

[0166] The selection module 24 can then decide which one of the plurality of controllers 18 to use to fulfill task a) and / or task b). To this end, the selection module 24 selects and sets active the respective controller from the plurality of controllers 18. The selection module 24 can additionally enable a controller from the plurality of controllers 18 to learn, monitor, or process data. The selection and setting active of the controllers from the plurality of controllers 18 may be done in consideration of whether: a predetermined period of time Ata has lapsed since the thermal installation 12 was started; and / or a predetermined period of time Atb has lapsed since activating a controller; and / or the activation condition Q of the active controller is no longer met; and / or the preference PREF has changed; and / or a re-selection of the active controller is requested; and / or a predetermined trigger event occurs.

[0167] As illustrated by Figures 1 and 2, the control system 10 according to the present invention addresses the increasing complexity of thermal installations such as water heating and cooling systems by incorporating a plurality of controllers 18 and the selection module 24 configured to dynamically evaluate operational data and assign control tasks accordingly. This architecture enables optimized response and robustness by allowing the system to select the most suitable controller for a given task, while nonactive controllers may operate in non-controlling states such as monitoring, learning, or data processing. Such functionality improves the reliability of the control system 10 and contributes to reduced energy overconsumption and minimized thermal discomfort for the user. Furthermore, the modular and adaptive nature of the control system 10 ensures that the thermal installation can be operated efficiently and flexibly, thereby fulfilling the objectives of enhanced performance and operational resilience.

[0168] Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of an embodiment of the selection module 24 and a selection process as part of the control system 10. The flowchart represents the operational logic of the selection module 24 implemented in software and / or hardware, for use in a control system 10 configured to control at least one thermal installation 12, such as a heat pump. The control system 10 comprises the optional determination device 14, the plurality of controllers 18 including the first controller 20 and the second controller 22, and the selection module 24. The selection module 24 can be implemented in software and / or hardware.

[0169] Upon activation of the control system 10, the selection module 24 receives operational data for example from the determination device 14 in step 101. This data includes at least one parameter P relevant to the operation of the thermal installation 12. The selection module 24 evaluates the operational data in step 102 to determine whether the operating condition of the currently active controller 22 is met in step

[0170] 103.

[0171] If the condition is satisfied, the selection module 24 maintains the second controller 22 as active in step

[0172] 104. If a user attempts to set active the first controller 20 in step 105, the selection module 24 checks whether the specific activation condition is met in step 106 and whether common activation conditions are satisfied in steps 107 and 108. If so, the first controller 20 is enabled in a non-controlling operational state in step 109, where it may perform functions such as monitoring, learning, or data processing, or remain in stand-by mode.

[0173] The selection module 24 then determines whether the operating conditions of the currently active controller 22 are no longer preferred in step 110. If so, it selects the first controller 20 as the new preferred controller in step 111 , set incative the second controller 22 in step 112, and set active the first controller 20 to control the thermal installation 12 in step 113.

[0174] Figure 3 demonstrates how the selection module 24 dynamically manages controller activation and switching based on real-time operational data, ensuring optimal performance and adaptability of the thermal installation 12:

[0175] In step 101 , the system is initialized by powering on the product. In step 102, the selection module 24 evaluates whether the operating conditions of the thermal installation 12 are met. This evaluation uses operational data, including inputs from the determination device 14, system parameters, historical records, predictive insights, operational context, and user input. Operational context refers to situational and environmental factors that influence system behavior and decision-making. This may include predefined settings (such as factory defaults or user-defined configurations), user profiles (e.g., preferences or usage patterns), environmental conditions (such as temperature, humidity, or air quality), weather forecasts, and pricing information (such as time-of-use energy tariffs or market rates). By incorporating such contextual data, the control system 10 can dynamically adapt to external conditions and userspecific requirements, thereby enhancing its responsiveness, efficiency, and overall performance.

[0176] If conditions are not met, activation may be deferred or control switched. If met, the system proceeds to control activation.

[0177] In step 103, the user attempts to activate one of the controllers 18. The control system 10 then proceeds to step 104, where the selection module 24 checks whether the activation criteria are satisfied. If these criteria are not met, step 105 involves verifying the control activation status. Should this verification fail, the selection module 24 may deactivate or reset the relevant control variables. In step 106, the selection module 24 verifies whether the control rules associated with the selected controller are satisfied in light of the current operational context. In step 107, the selection module 24 checks the access permissions for each control variable to ensure that the selected controller is authorized to manage the control variables. Finally, in step 108, the selectioin module 24 confirms that all required control and access conditions are fulfilled before proceeding with execution of setting active the selectively selected controller from the plurality of controllers 18.

[0178] In parallel, steps 109 and 110 involve the determination device 14 receveing calculating new operating points and transmitting the same to the controllers 18 as variables and signal protocols. In step 111 , if the second controller 22 is no longer preferred, the selection module 24 initiates a control switch in step 112.

[0179] In step 113, the selection module 24 selects the most preferred controller based on current operational data. In step 114, the second controller 22 is set inactive. In step 115, the preferred controller — such as the first controller 20 — is set active. In step 116, the system state is updated accordingly.

[0180] Additionally or alternatively, the selection module 24 may operate in a unidirectional communication mode, transmitting control decisions to controllers based solely on operational data, without receiving feedback. In this context, unidirectional communication mode refers to a configuration in which the selection module 24 transmits control decisions to one or more controllers based on operational data, without receiving feedback, status, or capability information from the controllers. The selection is therefore based solely on the available operational data, such as system parameters, environmental conditions, or user input. This approach offers several advantages: it simplifies the system architecture by reducing the number of required communication interfaces; it lowers resource consumption by minimizing data exchange; it improves determinism, as system behavior is governed by predefined logic; it facilitates integration with components that do not support feedback protocols; and it enhances robustness in environments where communication reliability may be limited. These characteristics make the unidirectional mode particularly suitable for applications where feedback is unnecessary or handled through separate mechanisms.

[0181] Additionally or alternatively, the selection module 24 may operate in a bidirectional communication mode, transmitting control decisions and receiving feedback, status, or capability data from controllers. In this context, bidirectional communication mode refers to a configuration in which the selection module 24 transmits control decisions or operational data to one or more controllers, and also receives feedback, status information, or capability data from those controllers. This feedback may include information about whether the transmitted operational data is sufficient for the controller to perform its intended function under current or anticipated conditions. Based on the received feedback, the selection module 24 selects the most appropriate controller for execution of the respective control task. The feedback may further include information regarding the operability of the controller under current and / or anticipated conditions. This communication structure enables the control system 10 to make informed decisions that reflect real-time system capabilities and environmental constraints, supporting adaptive and context-sensitive control behavior.

[0182] In another embodiment, the selection module 24 is capable of operating in both unidirectional and bidirectional communication modes. In the unidirectional mode, the selection module 24 selects a controller based solely on operational data, without receiving feedback from the controllers. In the bidirectional mode, the selection module 24 receives feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers regarding their operability under current or anticipated conditions and selects a controller based on the received feedback. For example, the selection module 24 may transmit operational data to a controller and receive a response indicating whether the provided data is sufficient for the controller to perform its intended function. This dual-mode capability allows the control system 10 to adapt its communication strategy based on system requirements, controller capabilities, or application-specific constraints. The selection module 24 may optionally receive feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers regarding their operability under current or anticipated conditions and the selection module 24 can optionally further be configured to perform or receive an evaluation based at least in part on this information and select a controller based on the result.

[0183] Additionally or alternatively, the selection module 24 may evaluate operational data during runtime. If a change in suitability is detected — due to controller availability, performance, environmental conditions, or predictive indicators — the control task is (re-)assigned. The term change in suitability refers to a condition in which the evaluation of operational data during system operation indicates that a different controller is more appropriate for executing a given control task. Suitability may be determined based on factors such as controller availability, performance characteristics, environmental conditions, or predictive indicators of system behavior.

[0184] For example, the selection module 24 may detect that the currently assigned controller is approaching a thermal limit, that a more energy-efficient controller has become available, or that a fault has been reported by one of the controllers. In such cases, the selection module 24 dynamically (re-)assigns the control task to maintain optimal system performance, reliability, or compliance with operational constraints. Examples of controller assignment based on a change in suitability include the following scenarios: During operation, the selection module 24 may detect that the currently assigned controller is approaching a thermal threshold. In such a case, the control task may be assigned to a second controller with comparable capabilities but a lower thermal load.

[0185] In another example, updated pricing information may indicate a shift in energy tariffs, prompting the selection module 24 to evaluate the operational data and assign the control task to a controller that operates more efficiently under the new cost conditions. If a controller reports a fault or reduced performance capability, the selection module 24 may assign the task to a standby controller that remains fully operational.

[0186] A change in operational parameters, such as environmental parameters - for example ambient temperature or humidity — may affect the performance envelope of the currently assigned controller, leading the selection module 24 to assign the task to a controller better suited to the new environmental conditions. Additionally, predictive analytics may indicate that a controller is likely to require maintenance in the near future. To avoid disruption, the selection module 24 may proactively assign the task to another controller before a failure occurs. The term performance envelope refers to the range of operating conditions under which a controller or system component can function effectively and reliably. Suitable operating conditions comprise temperature, humidity, voltage, current, processing load, and timing constraints. A change in environmental or system conditions that causes the controller to operate outside its defined performance envelope may affect its suitability for a given control task.

[0187] An advantage illustrated by Figure 3 is the system’s ability to dynamically select and switch between multiple controllers based on real-time operational data and / or contextual factors, thereby ensuring optimal performance and adaptability under varying conditions.

[0188] Figure 4 illustrates a preference-based control logic implemented within the control system 10 for the thermal installation 12, wherein the selection module 24 manages the activation of controllers from the plurality of controllers 18 based on operational data and user-defined preferences.

[0189] In step 201, the process begins with the second controller 22 being active. This indicates that controller 22 from the plurality of controllers 18 is currently set as active and is responsible for controlling the thermal installation 12.

[0190] In step 202, the user updates the control preferences in the list. This allows the user to modify the order or criteria that determine which controller is preferred.

[0191] In step 203, the system registers that the preference list has been modified. This triggers a (re-)evalua- tion of the active controller by the selection module 24.

[0192] In step 204, the selection module 24 evaluates whether the currently active second controller 22 is still the top preferred controller. This evaluation may take into account a preference (PREF), a predicted performance (PP), or other operational data relevant to the thermal installation 12. If the second controller 22 is determined to be the top preferred controller, as considered in step 205, the system maintains the current state and continues operation with controller 22 remaining active. If, however, the evaluation in step 206 reveals that the second controller 22 is no longer the top preferred controller, the selection module 24 initiates an activation procedure to transition control to the now preferred controller.

[0193] In step 207, the system sets the newly selected controller — e.g., the first controller 20 — as active. This controller then assumes control of the thermal installation 12, replacing the previously active second controller 22. Finally, in step 208, the process loops back to step 202, allowing the user to update preferences again and enabling the system to dynamically adapt to the most current preference configuration.

[0194] This figure thus represents a dynamic and adaptive control mechanism, wherein the selection module 24 continuously ensures that the most preferred controller is active, while allowing for user-driven updates and system-based evaluations to influence controller selection. Figure 5 illustrates a flowchart which represents the logic implemented by the control system 10 for managing override operations in the thermal installation 12. The control system 10 comprises at least one determination device 14 configured to acquire and provide operational data, and the plurality of controllers 18 including the first controller 20 and the second controller 22. The selection and coordination of these controllers are managed by the selection module 24 which can be implemented in software and / or hardware.

[0195] The process begins in step 211 , where the second controller 22 is active and currently controlling the thermal installation 12. In step 212, the system or user triggers an override procedure. This trigger may be based on operational data acquired by the determination device 14, such as environmental conditions, system parameters, or user input.

[0196] Following the trigger, the process branches into two parallel actions:

[0197] • In step 213, the second controller 22 is paused, temporarily suspending its control function.

[0198] • In step 214, the override procedure is applied. This may involve activating a predefined control logic, safety routine, or emergency protocol — potentially involving the first controller 20 in a monitoring or standby mode.

[0199] In step 215, the system evaluates whether the override procedure has been completed. If the override is not yet finished, the process loops back to step 214 to continue applying the override. Once the override procedure is finished, the system proceeds to step 216, where the second controller 22 is resumed and regains control of the thermal installation 12.

[0200] This override mechanism ensures that the control system 10 can temporarily suspend normal control operations to execute critical procedures, while maintaining the ability to resume standard control logic once the override is resolved. The logic shown in this figure complements the architecture described in Figure 1 by demonstrating howthe control system 10 dynamically manages controller states in response to operational triggers.

[0201] Figure 6 illustrates a flowchart which represents the data recording logic implemented by the control system 10 configured to control at least one thermal installation 12, such as a heat pump. The control system 10 comprises at least one determination device 14 configured to acquire and provide operational data, and the plurality of controllers 18 including the first controller 20 and the second controller 22. The selection and coordination of these controllers are managed by the selection module 24.

[0202] The process begins in step 301 , where the product is turned on, initiating the control system 10. In step 302, the system begins recording data, which may include processed data and / or measurements, and saving them in a storage device. This data may originate from the determination device 14 and may be used by the selection module 24 to evaluate operational conditions and inform controller selection.

[0203] In step 303, the system checks whether the product is still on. If the result is “Yes,” the process loops back to step 302, continuing the recording cycle. If the result is “No,” the process proceeds to step 304, where the recording operation is stopped.

[0204] This figure demonstrates how the control system 10 continuously monitors and records operational data while the thermal installation 12 is active. The recorded data may be used to support the evaluation of system parameters, historical trends, or predictive analytics, as described in Claim 1. This recording logic supports the broader control architecture by ensuring that relevant operational data is persistently captured and made available for real-time or future decision-making by the selection module 24.

[0205] Figure 7 presents a flowchart outlining the control logic of the control system 10 designed to manage at least one thermal installation 12, such as a heating system with multiple heating devices according to a further embodiment. The control system 10 comprises the determination device 14 for acquiring and supplying operational data, and the set of controllers 18 comprising the first controller 20 and the second controller 22. The selection module 24 governs the coordination and prioritization of these controllers 18, 20, 22.

[0206] The flowchart is organized into three control paths:

[0207] • Standard Control

[0208] This path includes step 401 and step 402, representing a baseline or fallback control strategy. It is typically managed by the first controller 20 and may be used when advanced control is unavailable or not preferred.

[0209] • Advanced Control

[0210] This path includes step 403 and step 404, representing a high-level control strategy. These steps may incorporate predictive or adaptive logic based on data from the determination device 14. This path is typically managed by the second controller 22.

[0211] • Override Procedure

[0212] Represented by step 405, this path enables the system or user to initiate an override condition, temporarily suspending the normal control logic to apply emergency or safety routines. This mechanism aligns with the override logic described in FIG. 5.

[0213] All three paths converge at a decision point in step 406, which leads into a prioritization step 407. The selection module 24 evaluates the available strategies and determines which controller or logic path should be prioritized based on operational data, predefined rules, and / or real-time conditions.

[0214] The prioritized control output is then directed to the heating device(s) 68 in step 408, which may include a boiler 62, a photovoltaic (PV) system 64, and / or a heat pump 40. Figure 7 illustrates how the control system 10 integrates multiple control strategies, evaluates their priority, and dynamically assigns control to the first and second controller 20, 22 for operating the appropriate heating device(s) within the thermal installation 12. The architecture further supports flexible, con- text-aware, and override-capable control behavior.

[0215] Figure 8 illustrates a controller hierarchy of the plurality of controllers 18 within the control system 10, which is configured to control at least one thermal installation 12 according to a further embodiment. The figure conceptually represents how the selection module 24 evaluates operational data and assigns control tasks to different controllers based on their performance capabilities and suitability.

[0216] The figure shows three controllers from the plurality of controllers 18, each differing in control sophistication:

[0217] • The first controller 20 represents a standard controller with baseline control capabilities. It may be used in fallback scenarios or when minimal control logic is sufficient.

[0218] • The second controller 22 represents an advanced controller with the highest performance, typically implementing predictive, adaptive, or learning-based control strategies.

[0219] • The third controller 66 represents a less advanced controller with intermediate capabilities. It may be suitable for specific control tasks that do not require full predictive or adaptive logic.

[0220] The selection module 24, which can be implemented in software and / or hardware, is configured to receive operational data from the determination device 14, evaluate the data, and — based on the evaluation — selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers 18. It selectively sets active one controller at a time, such as the first controller 20 or the second controller 22, to control the thermal installation 12 or a part thereof.

[0221] Controllers that are enabled but not set active remain in a non-controlling operational state, in which they may perform functions such as monitoring, learning, or data processing, or remain in stand-by mode.

[0222] In accordance with claim 20, the selection module 24 may further determine one or more control tasks and assign them to suitable controllers from the plurality of controllers 18 either sequentially or concurrently. The assignment is based on controller suitability and task requirements and may be updated dynamically in response to changes in operational data. The performance hierarchy shown in the figure — where the second controller 22 outperforms controller 66, which in turn outperforms the first controller 20 — illustrates how the control system 10 supports flexible, task-specific controller assignment to optimize performance, energy efficiency, and operational robustness.

[0223] Reference Signs

[0224] 10 Control system

[0225] 12 thermal installation or water heating and / or cooling installation

[0226] 14 determination device

[0227] 16 sensor

[0228] 18 plurality of controllers

[0229] 20 first controller

[0230] 22 second controller

[0231] 23 activable controller

[0232] 24 selection module

[0233] 26 memory

[0234] 28 first sub-module

[0235] 30 second sub-module

[0236] 32 heating and / or cooling device

[0237] 34 water distribution system

[0238] 36 water inlet

[0239] 38 water outlet

[0240] 40 heat pump

[0241] 42 compressor

[0242] 44 additional heating element

[0243] 46 additional heating and / or cooling system

[0244] 48 additional determination device

[0245] 50 storage tank

[0246] 52 electrical heater

[0247] 54 heat exchanger

[0248] 56 additional determination device

[0249] 58 water tank

[0250] 60 pump

[0251] 62 boiler

[0252] 64 photovoltaic (PV) system

[0253] 66 third, less advanced, controller

[0254] 68 heating device(s)

[0255] P parameter

[0256] PT parameter over time

[0257] PREF preference

[0258] PP predicted performance

[0259] Q activation condition

[0260] X plurality of controllers Y set of activable controllers

[0261] Ata predetermined period of time from start of 12

[0262] Atb predetermined period of time from activation of 18

[0263] 101 Product is turned on

[0264] 102 Check if operating condition is active or established

[0265] 103 Control and access link not activated

[0266] 104 Control activation begins

[0267] 105 User attempts to activate the controls

[0268] 106 Check if activation is successful

[0269] 107 Verify control activation

[0270] 108 Activation unsuccessful

[0271] 109 Control and access link not activated (fallback or retry)

[0272] 110 Determine new mode of operation or set general signal protocol

[0273] 111 Evaluate if the mode prevents or allows variable control

[0274] 112 Initiate control switch

[0275] 113 Switch to the most preferred mode for current conditions

[0276] 114 Deactivate current scenario

[0277] 115 Activate most preferred variable control

[0278] 116 Update system state (implied finalization step, not explicitly labeled)

[0279] 201 Second controller 22 is active.

[0280] 202 User updates control preferences in the list

[0281] 203 Preference list is modified

[0282] 204 Evaluation: is second controller (22) the top or preferred controller?

[0283] 205 If yes, second controller (22) remains active

[0284] 206 If no, selection module (24) selects and activates the now preferred controller (e.g. , first controller (20))

[0285] 207 First controller (20) is active

[0286] 208 Process restarts if preferences are updated again

[0287] 211 Second controller 22 is active

[0288] 212 System / User triggers an override procedure

[0289] 213 Second controller 22 is paused

[0290] 214 Override procedure is applied

[0291] 215 Is override procedure finished?

[0292] 216 second controller 22 is resumed

[0293] 301 Product is turned on 302 Recording data (processed data and / or measurements) and saving to storage

[0294] 303 Is product on? (decision point)

[0295] 304 If “Yes,” loop back to continue recording

[0296] 305 If “No,” proceed to stop 306 Stop (end of recording process)

[0297] 401-402 Steps in the standard control path (managed by first controller 20)

[0298] 403-404 Steps in the advanced control path (managed by second controller 22) 405 Override procedure step 406 Decision point where control paths converge

[0299] 407 Prioritization step (evaluates and selects control strategy)

[0300] 408 Output to heating device(s)

Claims

CLAIMS1. Control system (10) for controlling at least one thermal installation (12), in particular a thermal installation (12) comprising at least one heat pump, the control system (10) comprising: a plurality of controllers (18), each controller of the plurality of controllers (18) configured to control the thermal installation (12), the plurality of controllers (18) including o at least a first controller (20) and at least a second controller (22); and a selection module (24) configured to receive or perform an evaluation of operational data for the control of the thermal installation (12), optionally the operational data comprising at least one parameter (P) relating to the thermal installation (12), and based on the evaluation: selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers (18) and / or selectively select and set active one controller at a time from the plurality of controllers (18) to control the thermal installation (12) or of a part thereof, wherein a controller that is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in stand-by mode.

2. Control system (10) of claim 1 , further comprising at least one determination device (14), in particular comprising at least one sensor, the determination device (14) being configured to acquire and provide at least in part the operational data.

3. Control system (10) of claim 1 or 2, wherein the operational data comprises one or more of:- at least one system parameter,- historical data,- predictive data,- operational context, or- user input.

4. Control system (10) according to claim 3, wherein the operational context comprises one or more of:- at least one predefined setting,- at least one installation condition,- at least one system and / or product condition,- at least one user profile,- at least one environmental condition,- at least one weather forecast and / or current weather condition, or- at least one pricing information.

5. Control system according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the operational data comprises information acquired by the determination device (14), the information including at least one of:- a temperature value,- a pressure value,- a flow rate,- a humidity level, or- a power consumption measurement.

6. Control system (10) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the selection module (24) is configured to operate in a unidirectional communication mode in which the selection module (24) selects a controller based on the operational data without receiving feedback from the controllers.

7. Control system (10) according to claims 2 to 6, wherein the selection module (24) is configured to receive the operational data from the at least one determination device (14) and / or from a memory storing previously acquired operational data.

8. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection module (24) is configured to operate in a bidirectional communication mode in which the selection module (24) receives feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers regarding their operability under current or anticipated conditions and is configured to perform or receive an evaluation based at least in part on this information and select a controller based on the result.

9. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection module (24) is further configured to evaluate the operational data during operation and to assign the control task to a different controller from the plurality of controllers (18) if the evaluation indicates a change in suitability.

10. Control system (10) of claim any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control system (10) comprises a memory (26) configured to record the determined parameter (P) and / or a determined parameter over time (PT).

11. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, a) characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to determine a set of activable controllers (23) from the plurality of controllers (18), based, at least in part, on the determined parameter (P) and / or the recorded determined parameter over time (PT).

12. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the selection module (24) is configured to select operational data from among the available operational data, wherein the selected operational data satisfies predefined quality criteria for processing or transmission.

13. Control system (10) according to claim 11 , wherein the set of activable controllers (23) includes at least the first controller (20).

14. Control system (10) according to claim 11 or 13, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to select the controller to be set active from the set of activable controllers (23).

15. Control system (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to select the controller to be set active based, at least in part, on a preference (PREF) and / or on a predicted performance (PP) measure of the thermal installation (12) when using the selected controller.

16. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to determine a set of activable controllers (23), wherein a controller is considered activable if an activation condition (Q) associated with the controller is fulfilled based on at least one parameter (P) and / or a recorded parameter over time (PT).

17. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to assign the control task to a different controller from the plurality of controllers (18) during operation, if an evaluation of operational data indicates a change in suitability of the currently active controller..

18. Control system (10) according to any one of claims 11 to 17, wherein a. a controller may be activable, or activable and enabled., and / or b. the system is configured to track the activable and enabled states of controllers independently or in combination.

19. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a) the first controller (20) is set active when the thermal installation (12) is started and / or b) the first controller (20) is set active and the second controller (22) is inactive and / or c) the first controller (20) is set active and the second controller (22) is inactive and enabled and / ord) the first controller (20) is set active and enabled and the second controller (22) is inactive and / or e) the first controller (20) is set active and enabled and the second controller (22) is inactive and enabled.

20. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to select and set active a controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers (23) when a predetermined period of time (At12) has lapsed since the thermal installation (12) was started; and / or a predetermined period of time (At18) has lapsed since setting active and / or enabling a controller; and / or- the activation condition (Q) of the active controller is no longer met; and / or- the preference (PREF) has changed; and / or a re-selection of the active controller is requested; and / or a predetermined trigger event occurs; and / or characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to determine the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers (23) from the plurality of controllers (18) when a predetermined period of time (At12) has lapsed since the thermal installation (12) was started, a predetermined period of time (At18) has lapsed since determining the activable and optionally enabled controllers (23); and / or- the activation condition (Q) of the controller is no longer met; and / or a predetermined trigger event occurs; and / or a determination of the activable and optionally enabled controllers (23) is requested.

21. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selection module (24) comprises two sub-modules, a first sub-module (28) configured to select and set active a controller from the plurality of activable and optionally enabled controllers (23) and / or configured to enable a controller from the plurality of controllers (18), and a second sub-module (30) configured to determine the set of activable and optionally enabled controllers (23) from the plurality of controllers (18).

22. Control system (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the selection module (24) is configured to pause the set active controller during an override procedure.

23. Control system (10) according to claim 21,Characterized in that the override procedure is activated by a triggering event, by a request, at predetermined times, and / or at predetermined intervals.

24. Thermal installation (12) comprising a control system (10) of any one of the preceding claims, the thermal installation (12) further comprising at least one heating and / or cooling device (32) connected to a water distribution system (34) through a water inlet (36) and a water outlet (38), wherein the determination device (14) comprises at least one temperature, volume, flowrate and / or energy determination device (14), configured to determine the distributed water temperature at the water inlet (36) and / or at the water outlet (38) and / or the water temperature inside the heating and / or cooling device (32).

25. The thermal installation (12) of claim 24, characterized in that the at least one heating and / or cooling device (32) comprises a heat pump (40) with a variable or fixed-speed compressor (42), and / or an additional heating element (44) comprising an electrical heater (52) and / or a heat exchanger (54) in fluid communication with an additional heating and / or cooling system (46).

26. The Thermal installation (12) of claim 24 or claim 25, characterized in that the determination device (14) further comprises at least one additional determination device configured to determine a temperature of the distributed water, water flow volume of the distributed water, water energy of the distributed water, physical temperature outside the system, consumed water flow rate of the distributed water, consumed water flow volume of the distributed water, and / or the temperature of water inside of a storage tank (50) in fluid communication with the at least one heating and / or cooling device (32).

27. A selection module (24), implemented in software and / or hardware, for use in a control system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, the selection module (24) being configured to: optionally receive operational data from a determination device (14); evaluate the operational data; and based on the evaluation:- selectively enable one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers (18) and / or selectively set active a first and / or second controller (20, 22) at a time from the plurality of controllers (18) to control the thermal installation (12) or a part thereof, wherein the first and / or second controller (20, 22) that is enabled but not active is in a non-con- trolling operational state, the non-controlling operational state in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in stand-by mode.

28. The selection module (24) according to claim 27, wherein the selection module (24) is further configured to:- determine at least one control task; assign one or more controllers from the plurality of controllers (18) to execute a plurality of control tasks either sequentially or concurrently based on controller suitability and task requirements; and / or assign control tasks based on updated operational data.

29. A method for controlling at least one thermal installation (12) using a control system (10), in particular according to any one of claims 1 to 23, the method comprising:- optionally acquiring operational data by a determination device (14), the operational data comprising at least one parameter (P) relating to the thermal installation (12);- evaluating the operational data by a selection module (24);- based on the evaluation:- selectively enabling one or more controllers from a plurality of controllers (18), including at least a first controller (20) and a second controller (22); and / or- selectively selecting and setting active one controller at a time from the plurality of controllers (18) to control the thermal installation (12) or a part thereof;- wherein a controller that is enabled but not set active is in a non-controlling operational state, in particular configured to perform one or more functions selected from monitoring, learning, data processing, or is in stand-by mode.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein the operational data comprises one or more of: at least one system parameter,- historical data,- predictive data,- operational context, or- user input.

31. The method according to claim 29 or 30, wherein the operational context comprises one or more of:- at least one predefined setting,- at least one installation condition,- at least one system and / or product condition,- at least one user profile,- at least one environmental condition,- at least one weather forecast and / or current weather condition, or- at least one pricing information.

32. The method according to claim 29 to 31, wherein the operational data comprises information acquired by the determination device (14), the information including at least one of:- a temperature value,- a pressure value,- a flow rate,- a humidity level, or- a power consumption measurement.

33. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 32, wherein the selection module (24) operates in a unidirectional communication mode in which the selection module (24) selects a controller based on the operational data without receiving feedback from the controllers.

34. The method according to any one of claims 29 to 33, wherein the selection module (24) operates in a bidirectional communication mode in which the selection module (24) receives feedback, status, or capability information from one or more controllers regarding their operability under current or anticipated conditions and selects a controller based on the received feedback.

35. Data processing device comprising means for carrying out the method of at least one of the claims 29 to 34.

36. A computer program product comprising instructions to cause the heat pump (10) of any one of claims 1 to 23 to execute the steps of the method of any of the preceding claims 29 to 34.

37. A computer readable data carrier having stored thereon the computer program product according to claim 36.

38. A data carrier signal carrying the computer program product according to claim 36.

39. Use of a control system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 23 for controlling at least one thermal installation (12), in particular a thermal installation (12) comprising at least one heat pump, in particular a thermal installation (12) according to any one claims 24 to 26, wherein the control system (10) in particular comprises a selection module (24) according any one of claims 27 or 28.

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