Methods and apparatus for interface instance removal
The apparatus and method for managing network interface removal in 5GS networks address premature interface removal issues by using UE context messages to ensure timely removal, reducing resource waste and RRC failures, and maintaining service continuity for UEs in the RRC INACTIVE state.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110518
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In communication networks like 5GS, premature removal of network interface instances between network nodes can lead to resource wastage and failure in the transition of user equipment (UE) from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED, especially when network nodes move, causing issues with UE context retrieval.
Implementing an apparatus and method at network nodes to manage interface instance removal by sending and receiving messages that indicate UE context storage failures, and determining conditions for re-initiating or preventing interface removal, ensuring timely removal based on UE status and timer values.
Ensures proper timing for interface removal, avoiding unnecessary resource consumption and minimizing RRC failures, particularly for UEs with high QoS demands, by maintaining uninterrupted service continuity in the RRC INACTIVE state.
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Figure CN2024110518_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND APPARATUS FOR INTERFACE INSTANCE REMOVALTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate generally to wireless communication technology, and more particularly, to methods and apparatus for interface instance removal.BACKGROUND
[0002] This section introduces aspects that may facilitate a better understanding of the disclosure. Accordingly, the statements of this section are to be read in this light and are not to be understood as admissions about what is in the prior art or what is not in the prior art.
[0003] In communication networks such as fifth generation system (5GS) as defined by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) , various interfaces may be defined between the two network nodes. For example, next generation (NG) radio access network (RAN) may comprise a set of NG-RAN nodes connected to the 5GC (5G core network) via the NG interface. The NG-RAN nodes can be interconnected through the Xn interface. The Xn interface may support the exchange of signaling information and data information between two NG-RAN nodes. From a logical perspective, Xn interface may be a point-to-point interface between the two NG-RAN nodes.SUMMARY
[0004] This summary is provided to introduce simplified concepts of the present disclosure. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0005] The interface instance may be removed due to various reasons. If the interface instance removal is not performed at a proper time such as too early, there may be some problems.
[0006] For example, a first network node may move from location A (which has a second network node) to location B (which may be far away from the second network node) . At location A, the first network node set up a network interface instance (such as Xn) with second network node. At location B, the network interface instance between first network node and second network node needs to be removed (as keeping network interface instance connections unnecessarily would consume resources at the first network node and at the second network node) . In addition, this may cause a problem for the transition of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE user equipment (UE) from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED.
[0007] For example, at location A, UE connected with the second network node transitions to RRC INACTIVE from RRC CONNECTED. The second network node assigns (or configures) UE a RAN based notification area (RNA) including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node, and a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node. For example, the RAN-NotificationAreaInfo provided to the UE includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of the second network node, and a RAN area ID or a cell ID of the first network node. The UE onboards the vehicle with the first network node, and moves to location B. At location B, the network interface instance between the first network node and the second network node is removed, which is called “too early network interface instance removal” herein. In case UE transitions from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED via the first network node, the first network node cannot retrieve the UE context from the second network node, since the network interface instance with second network node is removed. This causes the failure to UE’s resume procedure.
[0008] Similarly, at location A, UE connected with the first network node transitions to RRC INACTIVE from RRC CONNECTED. The first network node assigns (or configures) UE a RAN based notification area (RNA) including a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node, and a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node. For example, the RAN-NotificationAreaInfo provided to the UE includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of the second network node, and a RAN area ID or a cell ID of the first network node. The UE then moves to the second network node’s coverage. Later, the network interface instance between first network node and second network node is removed (e.g., too early network interface instance removal) . In case UE transitions from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED via the second network node, the second network node cannot retrieve the UE context from the first network node, since the network interface instance with the first network node is removed. This causes the failure to UE’s resume procedure.
[0009] So, the removal of the network interface instance between the first network node and the second network node needs to be enhanced e.g. to avoid the too early network interface instance removal, and support the transition of RRC INACTIVE UE from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED.
[0010] According to a first aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus at a first network node. The apparatus may comprise at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to send an interface instance removal request message to a second network node. The apparatus may be caused to receive an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0011] According to some embodiments, the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0012] According to some embodiments, the interface instance removal failure message may further comprise at least one of first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, or a list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0013] According to some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of a timer value, or an ID of a last UE. The last UE may be the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0014] According to some embodiments, the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0015] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to determine whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node and re-initiate an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.
[0016] According to some embodiments, the first condition may comprise at least one of the last UE is resumed, a UE context of the last UE is relocated, a timer with the timer value is elapsed, all UEs in the list of UEs are resumed, all UE contexts of all UEs in the list of UEs are relocated, a number of UEs in the list of UEs is smaller than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the list of UEs will onboard the first network node is smaller than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is elapsed.
[0017] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to determine whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node. The interface instance removal request message may be sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met.
[0018] According to some embodiments, the second condition may comprise there is a store of at least one UE context for RRC CONNECTED UE transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node.
[0019] According to some embodiments, the second condition may further comprise at least one of a number of UEs in a second list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node is larger than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the second list of UEs comprises a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the second list of UEs comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the second list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.
[0020] According to some embodiments, the first network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node.
[0021] According to some embodiments, the movable network node may comprise a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node may comprise a next generation radio access network node.
[0022] According to some embodiments, the interface instance may comprise an Xn interface instance.
[0023] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, remove the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0024] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.
[0025] According to a second aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed at a first network node. The method may comprise sending an interface instance removal request message to a second network node. The method may comprise receiving an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0026] According to some embodiments, the method may further comprise determining whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node.
[0027] According to some embodiments, the method may further comprise re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.
[0028] According to some embodiments, the method may further comprise determining whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node. The interface instance removal request message may be sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met.
[0029] According to some embodiments, the method may further comprise for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0030] According to some embodiments, the method may further comprise for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.
[0031] According to a third aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus at a first network node. The apparatus may comprise means for sending an interface instance removal request message to a second network node and means for receiving an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0032] According to a fourth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus at a second network node. The apparatus may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, may cause the apparatus at least to receive an interface instance removal request message from a first network node. The apparatus may be caused to send an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0033] According to some embodiments, the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0034] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to determine whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.
[0035] According to some embodiments, the third condition may comprise there is the store of RRC INACTIVE UE context of at least one UE, and the third condition may further comprise at least one of a number of UEs in a third list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node is larger than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the third list of UEs comprises a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the third list of UEs comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the third list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.
[0036] According to some embodiments, the interface instance removal failure message may further comprise at least one of first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, or a list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0037] According to some embodiments, the first information may comprise at least one of a timer value, or an ID of a last UE. The last UE may be the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0038] According to some embodiments, the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0039] According to some embodiments, the first network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node.
[0040] According to some embodiments, the movable network node may comprise a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node may comprise a next generation radio access network node.
[0041] According to some embodiments, the interface instance may comprise an Xn interface instance.
[0042] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0043] According to some embodiments, the apparatus may be further caused to, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.
[0044] According to a fifth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a method performed at a second network node. The method may comprise receiving an interface instance removal request message from a first network node. The method may comprise sending an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0045] According to some embodiments, the method may comprise determining whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.
[0046] According to some embodiments, the method may comprise, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0047] According to some embodiments, the method may comprise, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.
[0048] According to a sixth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided an apparatus at a second network node. The apparatus may comprise means for receiving an interface instance removal request message from a first network node and means for sending an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0049] According to a seventh aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods according to the second and fifth aspects of the disclosure.
[0050] According to an eighth aspect of the disclosure, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer programs or instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform any of the methods according to the second and fifth aspects of the disclosure.
[0051] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, it may ensure interface removal is performed at a proper time. For example, it can avoid too early removal of Xn interface. In some embodiments herein, it may avoid the failure of UE transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED. In some embodiments herein, it may improve service continuity by ensuring uninterrupted service for UE in an RRC INACTIVE state and minimizing RRC failures, especially for UEs with high Quality of Service (QoS) demands. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0052] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0053] FIG. 1 illustrates WAB architecture example for 5GS when the WAB-gNB traffic is transported via PDU session backhaul;
[0054] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of UE triggered transition from RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED (UE context retrieval success) ;
[0055] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of RNA update procedure with UE context relocation;
[0056] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario;
[0057] FIGs. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 6c and 7 show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0058] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure;
[0059] FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a first network node according to an embodiment of the disclosure; and
[0060] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a second network node according to an embodiment of the disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0061] The following embodiments are exemplary. Although the specification may refer to “an” , “one” , or “some” embodiment (s) in several locations of the text, this does not necessarily mean that each reference is made to the same embodiment (s) , or that a particular feature only applies to a single embodiment. Single features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is de-scribed in connection of an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to apply such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. It shall be understood that although the terms “first, ” “second” and the like may be used herein to de-scribe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0062] For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrases “at least one of A or B” , “at least one of A and B” , and “A and / or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) . For the purposes of the present disclosure, the phrase “A, B, and / or C” means (A) , (B) , (C) , (A and B) , (A and C) , (B and C) , or (A, B, and C) .
[0063] Embodiments described may be implemented in a communication network, such as any of the following radio access technologies (RATs) : World-wide Interoperability for Micro-wave Access (WiMAX) , Global System for Mobile communications (GSM, 2G) , GSM EDGE radio access Network (GERAN) , General Packet Radio Service (GRPS) , Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS, 3G) based on basic wideband-code division multiple access (W-CDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, and enhanced LTE (eLTE) , 5G (also called NR) , or any future RAT such as 6G. Moreover, communication within the communication network may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , and / or Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) .
[0064] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0065] As used herein, the term “network device” or “network node” refers to a node in a communication network via which user equipment may access the network and / or which is capable of controlling radio communication and managing radio resources within a cell. The network node or network device may be referred to as a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) or an access node. The network device may be, depending on the applied technology, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , an NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) or non-ground network device such as a satellite network device, a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite and a geosynchronous earth or-bit (GEO) satellite, or an aircraft network device.
[0066] For example, the 5G system (5GS) may comprise a plurality of NFs such as Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , Charging Function (CHF) , Session Management Function (SMF) , Authentication Service Function (AUSF) , Unified Data Management (UDM) , Policy Control Function (PCF) , Application Function (AF) , Network Exposure Function (NEF) , User plane Function (UPF) and Network Repository Function (NRF) , radio access network (RAN) , service communication proxy (SCP) , network data analytics function (NWDAF) , network slice Selection Function (NSSF) , network slice-Specific Authentication and Authorization Function (NSSAAF) , an Ambient Internet of Things Function (AIOTF) , Unified Data Repository (UDR) , etc. In other embodiments, the network function may comprise different types of NFs for example depending on a specific network. For example, the 4G system (such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) ) may include Mobile Management Entity (MME) , home subscriber server (HSS) , PCRF (Policy and Charging Rules Function) , PGW (Packet Data Network Gateway) , PGW control plane (PGW-C) , PGW user plane (PGW-U) Serving gateway (SGW) , application server (AS) , SGW control plane (SGW-C) , SGW user plane (SGW-U) , E-UTRAN Node B (eNB) , etc. In other embodiments, the network function may comprise different types of NFs for example depending on a specific network.
[0067] The network device may be an access network device with accessing function in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses to the network and receives services therefrom. The access network device may include a base station (BS) , an access point (AP) , a multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE) , a controller or any other suitable device in a wireless communication network. The BS may be, for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNodeB or gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) node, a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay node, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node, and so forth.
[0068] Yet further examples of the access network device comprise multi-standard radio (MSR) radio equipment such as MSR BSs, network controllers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base station controllers (BSCs) , base transceiver stations (BTSs) , transmission points, transmission nodes, positioning nodes and / or the like. More generally, however, the network node may represent any suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged, and / or operable to enable and / or provide a terminal device access to a wireless communication network or to provide some service to a terminal device that has accessed to the wireless communication network.
[0069] Moreover, in connection of split radio access network (RAN) , the network device may refer to a centralized unit (CU) of a base station and / or a distributed unit (DU) of a base station. An interface between CU and DU may be referred to as an F1 interface in NR. In the split RAN architecture, node operations may be carried out, at least partly, in the central / centralized unit, CU, (e.g. server, host or node) operationally coupled to the DU, (e.g. a radio head / node) . One CU may control one or more DUs, acting at least as transmit / receive (Tx / Rx) nodes. In some embodiments, the DUs may comprise e.g. a radio link control (RLC) , medium access control (MAC) layer and a physical (PHY) layer, whereas the CU may comprise the layers above RLC layer, such as a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio resource control (RRC) and an internet protocol (IP) layers. Other functional splits are possible too. In practice, any processing task may be performed in either the CU or the DU and the boundary where the responsibility is shifted between the CU and the DU may depend on the applied implementation.
[0070] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example, a terminal device may be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , or a Mobile Station (MS) . The terminal device may include a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, USB dongles, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like.
[0071] A term “resource” , as used herein, may refer to radio resources in time domain, in frequency domain, in space domain, and / or in code domain. Some examples of resources include e.g. a physical resource block (PRB) , a radio frame, a subframe, a time slot, a subband, a frequency region, a sub-carrier, a beam, etc. The term “transmission” and / or “reception” may refer to wirelessly transmitting and / or receiving via a wireless propagation channel on radio resources.
[0072] The terms “data, ” “content, ” “information, ” and similar terms may be used interchangeably to refer to data capable of being transmitted, received and / or stored in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Thus, use of any such terms should not be taken to limit the spirit and scope of embodiments of the present invention.
[0073] As used herein the term “means” is to be construed in singular form, i.e. referring to a single element, or in plural form, i.e. referring to a combination of single elements. Therefore, terminology “means for [performing A, B, C] ” , is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully overlapping means for performing A, B, C. Further, terminology “means for performing A, means for performing B, means for performing C” is to be interpreted to cover an apparatus in which there is only one means for performing A, B and C, or where there are separate means for performing A, B and C, or partially or fully overlapping means for performing A, B, C.
[0074] This definition of “circuitry” applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term “circuitry” also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term “circuitry” also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0075] As defined herein, a “computer-readable storage medium, ” which refers to a non-transitory physical storage medium (e.g., volatile or non-volatile memory device) , can be differentiated from a “computer-readable transmission medium, ” which refers to an electromagnetic signal. Such a medium may take many forms, including, but not limited to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium (e.g., non-volatile media, volatile media) , and transmission media. Transmission media include, for example, coaxial cables, copper wire, fiber optic cables, and carrier waves that travel through space without wires or cables, such as acoustic waves and electromagnetic waves, including radio, optical and infrared waves. Signals include man-made transient variations in amplitude, frequency, phase, polarization or other physical properties transmitted through the transmission media. Examples of non-transitory computer-readable media include a magnetic computer readable medium (e.g., a floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, any other magnetic medium) , an optical computer readable medium (e.g., a compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) , a digital versatile disc (DVD) , a Blu-Ray disc, or the like) , a random access memory (RAM) , a programmable read only memory (PROM) , an erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a FLASH-EPROM, or any other non-transitory medium from which a computer can read. The term computer-readable storage medium is used herein to refer to any computer-readable medium except transmission media. However, it will be appreciated that where embodiments are described to use a computer-readable storage medium, other types of computer-readable mediums may be substituted for or used in addition to the computer-readable storage medium in alternative embodiments.
[0076] The embodiments provided in the present disclosure may be described with reference to a 5G communication system supporting network energy saving technique. However, it would be appreciated that embodiments of the present disclosure would also be applied in other wireless communication systems, such a 6G communication system or a future communication system.
[0077] In an embodiment, the proposed solution is targeted for 3GPP release 19 Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) .
[0078] A 3GPP document (RP-234041) of 3GPP Technical Specification Group (TSG) Radio Access Network (RAN) Meeting #102 lists the objectives of the Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) study as follows:
[0079] -Study the support of WAB including [RAN3, RAN2] :
[0080] -Study the architecture and protocol stack of supporting a gNB with Mobile Termination (MT) function providing protocol data unit (PDU) session backhaul.
[0081] -Study impact of WAB mobility within an existing RAN (e.g., inter-gNB neighbour relations) .
[0082] -Identify necessary inter-gNB-and gNB-to-CN signalling to address the support of WAB.
[0083] FIG. 1 illustrates WAB architecture example for 5GS when the WAB-gNB traffic is transported via PDU session backhaul. FIG. 1 is same as Figure 4.2-1of 3GPP TR 38.799 V1.0.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0084] The assumed deployment of WAB and relation to the serving network is illustrated in FIG. 1. The WAB-node consists of full gNB and WAB-MT (WAB Mobile Termination, a. k. aWAB-UE) that provides the radio connection for the NR backhaul (BH) .
[0085] An NG-RAN node may be either:
[0086] -a gNB, providing NR user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE; or
[0087] -an ng-eNB, providing Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE.
[0088] The WAB-node includes a gNB component (WAB-gNB) and an MT component (WAB-MT) . The WAB-gNB is based on the gNB functionality specified in 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0 and 3GPP TS 38.401 V18.2.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The WAB-MT supports at least a subset of UE functionalities. The NR Uu is used for the radio link between WAB-gNB and the served UEs. WAB-MT′s PDU session via NR Uu may be used as backhaul of WAB-gNB. The WAB-MT may connect to a public Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or a Stand-alone Non-Public Network (SNPN) . The WAB-gNB may connect to a public PLMN or an SNPN. Legacy UEs can connect to the WAB-gNB. Xn control (Xn-C) / Xn user (Xn-U) over BH PDU Session (s) may be established between WAB-gNB and neighboring NG-RAN node. NG control (NG -C) / NG user (NG-U) over BH PDU Session (s) may be established between WAB-gNB and UE’s 5GC. The NG-C / NG-U is used for the link between BH-RAN-node and BH-5GC. Backhaul PDU Session (s) is used for transporting of NG-C / NG-U interface traffic of WAB-gNB. NG-U / NG-C interface traffic of WAB-gNB is transported via backhaul PDU session (s) . Xn-U / Xn-C interface traffic of WAB-gNB is transported via backhaul PDU session (s) .
[0089] The main principle is that the BH connection for the WAB-gNB is provided by a PDU session established for the WAB-MT to the serving network. The WAB-gNB may setup Xn with neighboring gNB. The Xn traffic is transferred over the BH PDU session.
[0090] RRC_INACTIVE is a state where a UE remains in Connection Management (CM) -CONNECTED and can move within an area configured by NG-RAN (the configured area may be called as the RNA) without notifying NG-RAN. In RRC_INACTIVE, the last serving gNB node keeps the UE context and the UE-associated NG connection with the serving AMF and UPF.
[0091] The UE may initiate RNA Update when it moves out of RNA or the periodic RNA Update timer expiry. The UE may transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED, which depends on the Xn Retrieve UE Context procedure between the current serving gNB and last serving gNB. Without Xn between the current serving gNB and last serving gNB, it may be not possible to support the transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED. Though the current serving gNB may setup Xn with last serving gNB to retrieve the UE context, it takes time to setup the Xn, e.g. first retrieve the Internet protocol (IP) address of peer gNB (since it may not know the latest IP address of peer gNB’s Xn interface, for example, the IP address of a WAB-gNB may be changed) , setup IP Security (IPSec) tunnel, setup Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) , then setup Xn. Before the Xn is setup, the UE’s RRC timer may be expired, thus cause failure to resume procedure.
[0092] FIG. 2 illustrates a flowchart of UE triggered transition from RRC_INACTIVE to RRC_CONNECTED (UE context retrieval success) , which is same as Figure 9.2.2.4.1-1 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0. Clause 9.2.2.4.1 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0 describes the steps as bellow.
[0093] 1. The UE resumes from RRC_INACTIVE, providing the I-RNTI, allocated by the last serving gNB.
[0094] 2. The gNB, if able to resolve the gNB identity contained in the I-RNTI, requests the last serving gNB to provide UE Context data.
[0095] 3. The last serving gNB provides UE context data.
[0096] 4 / 5. The gNB and UE completes the resumption of the RRC connection.
[0097] NOTE: User Data can also be sent in step 5 if the grant allows.
[0098] 6. If loss of DL user data buffered in the last serving gNB shall be prevented, the gNB provides forwarding addresses.
[0099] 7 / 8. The gNB performs path switch.
[0100] 9. The gNB triggers the release of the UE resources at the last serving gNB.
[0101] FIG. 3 illustrates a flowchart of RNA update procedure with UE context relocation, which is same as Figure 9.2.2.5-1 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0. FIG. 3 describes the UE triggered RNA update procedure involving context retrieval over Xn. The procedure may be triggered when the UE moves out of the configured RNA, or periodically. Clause 9.2.2.5 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0 describes the steps as bellow.
[0102] 1. The UE resumes from RRC_INACTIVE, providing the I-RNTI allocated by the last serving gNB and appropriate cause value, e.g., RAN notification area update.
[0103] 2. The gNB, if able to resolve the gNB identity contained in the I-RNTI, requests the last serving gNB to provide UE Context, providing the cause value received in step 1.
[0104] 3. The last serving gNB may provide the UE context (as assumed in the following) . Alternatively, the last serving gNB may decide to move the UE to RRC_IDLE (and the procedure follows steps 3 and later of figure 9.2.2.5-3 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0) or, if the UE is still within the previously configured RNA, to keep the UE context in the last serving gNB and to keep the UE in RRC_INACTIVE (and the procedure follows steps 3 and later of figure 9.2.2.5-2 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0) .
[0105] 4. The gNB may move the UE to RRC_CONNECTED (and the procedure follows step 4 of Figure 9.2.2.4.1-1 of 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0) , or send the UE back to RRC_IDLE (in which case an RRCRelease message is sent by the gNB) , or send the UE back to RRC_INACTIVE as assumed in the following.
[0106] 5. If loss of DL user data buffered in the last serving gNB shall be prevented, the gNB provides forwarding addresses.
[0107] 6. / 7. The gNB performs path switch.
[0108] 8. The gNB keeps the UE in RRC_INACTIVE state by sending RRCRelease with suspend indication.
[0109] 9. The gNB triggers the release of the UE resources at the last serving gNB.
[0110] The interface instance (such as Xn) may be removed due to various reasons. If the interface instance removal is not performed at a proper time such as too early, there may be some problems. FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario.
[0111] A mobile WAB (e.g. WAB-gNB5) may move from location A (which has gNB1) to location B (which may be far away from gNB1) . At location A, WAB-gNB5 sets up Xn with gNB1. At location B, the Xn between WAB-gNB5 and gNB1 needs to be removed (as keeping Xn connections unnecessarily would consume resources at WAB-gNB5 and also consume resources of WAB-MT whose PDU sessions are used for backhauling. Note that there is also limited number of PDU sessions / quality of service (QoS) flows that WAB-MT can support, similar to a conventional UE) .
[0112] This may cause problem for the transition of an RRC INACTIVE UE from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED. For example, at location A, UE#1 connected with gNB1 transitions to RRC INACTIVE from RRC CONNECTED. gNB1 assigns an RNA related to gNB1 and WAB-gNB5, for example, the RNA information provided to UE includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of gNB1 and a RAN area ID or cell ID of WAB-gNB5. The UE onboards the vehicle with WAB-gNB5, and moves to location B. At location B, Xn between WAB-gNB5 and gNB1 is removed, which is called “too early Xn removal” herein. In case UE1 transitions from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED via WAB-gNB5, WAB-gNB5 cannot retrieve the UE context from gNB1, since the Xn with gNB1 is removed. This causes the failure to UE’s resume procedure.
[0113] Similarly, at location A, UE#2 connected with WAB-gNB5 transitions to RRC INACTIVE from RRC CONNECTED and then moves to the gNB1’s coverage. Later, Xn between WAB-gNB5 and gNB1 is removed (i.e., too early Xn removal) . In case UE transitions from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED via gNB1, gNB1 cannot retrieve the UE context from WAB-gNB5, since the Xn with WAB-gNB5 is removed. This causes the failure to UE’s resume procedure.
[0114] So, the removal of the Xn between WAB-gNB5 and neighboring gNB needs to be enhanced to avoid the too early Xn removal, and support the transition of RRC INACTIVE UE from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED.
[0115] To at least partially tackle at least one of the above problem or other problem, there is proposed a solution to ensure that the interface instance removal is performed at a proper time. For example, the proposed solution can address the issue from a different angle, e.g. to not remove Xn as long as the gNB needs to keep the context for the concerned RRC INACTIVE UE (s) .
[0116] Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in any appropriate type of system using any suitable components, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a communication system complied with the exemplary system architecture illustrated in FIG. 1. For simplicity, the system architecture of FIG. 1 only depicts some exemplary elements. In practice, a communication system may further include any additional elements suitable to support communication between terminal devices or between a wireless device and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, a service provider, or any other network node or terminal device. The communication system may provide communication and various types of services to one or more terminal devices to facilitate the terminal devices’ access to and / or use of the services provided by, or via, the communication system.
[0117] Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented for any appropriate type of network interface, the embodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to the removal of the Xn between WAB-gNB and neighboring gNB. The neighboring gNB may be another WAB-gNB or a stationary gNB.
[0118] The message names in the procedures / methods of the embodiments are descriptive. It is assumed that the names may be updated e.g. with corresponding names where applicable.
[0119] Hereinafter, the solution of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to FIGs. 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 6a, 6b, 6c and 7-10.
[0120] FIGs. 5a, 5b, 5c and 5d show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a first network node or communicatively coupled to the first network node. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the methods as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components.
[0121] FIG. 5a shows a flowchart of a method 500 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0122] At block 502, the first network node may send an interface instance removal request message to a second network node.
[0123] The first network node may be deployed in any suitable network. In an embodiment, the first network node may be deployed in Evolved Packet System (EPS) , a 5GS or a 6G system (6GS) as defined by 3GPP. The first network node may be any suitable network device or network node or network function. For example, the first network node may implement radio access network function.
[0124] In an embodiment, the first network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node. For example, the first network node may be same as or similar to the radio access network node (such as NG-RAN node, eNB, gNB, WAB node) as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TR 38.799 V1.0.0, 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.0.0 or 3GPP TS 23.682 V18.0.0 or 3GPP 6G specification.
[0125] The second network node may be deployed in any suitable network. In an embodiment, the first network node may be deployed in EPS, a 5GS or a 6G system (6GS) as defined by 3GPP. The second network node may be any suitable network device or network node or network function. For example, the second network node may implement radio access network function.
[0126] In an embodiment, the second network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node. For example, the second network node may be same as or similar to the radio access network node (such as NG-RAN node, eNB, gNB, WAB node) as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TR 38.799 V1.0.0, 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.0.0 or 3GPP TS 23.682 V18.0.0 or 3GPP 6G specification.
[0127] In an embodiment, the movable network node may comprise a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node. In an embodiment, the stationary network node may comprise a next generation radio access network node.
[0128] In an embodiment, the second network node may be an NG-RAN node and the first network node may be a WAB-gNB node. In an embodiment, the second network node may be a WAB-gNB node and the first network node may be an NG-RAN node.
[0129] The interface may be any suitable network interface e.g. as described in various 3GPP specifications such as 3GPP TR 38.799 V1.0.0, 3GPP TS 23.501 V19.0.0 or 3GPP TS 23.682 V18.0.0 or 3GPP 6G specification. For example, the interface may be a point-to-point interface between the two RAN nodes. In an embodiment, the interface instance may comprise an Xn interface instance.
[0130] The first network node may send an interface instance removal request message to the second network node due to various reasons. For example, when the first network node moved far away from the second network node, the first network node may remove a connection or interface instance with the second network node. When the first network node is overloaded or to be powered off to reduce energy consuming, the first network node may remove a connection or interface instance with the second network node. Note that there may be also limited number of PDU sessions / QoS flows that WAB-MT can support, similar to a conventional UE. When the number of PDU sessions / QoS flows in the first network node exceeds the limit, the first network node may remove a connection with the second network node. Keeping the connection unnecessarily would consume resources at the two network nodes. In addition, it may also consume resources of WAB-MT whose PDU sessions are used for backhauling.
[0131] The interface instance removal request message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the interface instance removal request message may be similar to the XN REMOVAL REQUEST message as described in 3GPP TS 38.423 V18.2.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
[0132] At block 504, the first network node may receive an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node. In an embodiment, the interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE. The RRC INACTIVE state and RRC CONNECTED state may be similar to those as described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0 and 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. The information indicating the failure may be any suitable information such as a cause value, an indicator, an indication, a flag, a bit, etc.
[0133] The interface instance removal failure message may be any suitable message such as existing message or new message. In an embodiment, the interface instance removal failure message may be similar to the XN REMOVAL FAILURE message as described in 3GPP TS 38.423 V18.2.0.
[0134] In an embodiment, the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node. For example, the RNA provided to the UE may be similar to RNA as described in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0 and 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0. In an embodiment, the RNA may comprise the tracking area which may be similar to the tracking area as described in 3GPP TS 23.401 V18.6.0. In an embodiment, the RNA may comprise the RNA to be defined in 6GS.
[0135] As defined in 3GPP TS 38.300 V18.2.0, a RNA may include a list of cells, or a list of RAN areas. The UE is provided a list of cell identifiers (IDs) , or list of RAN area IDs. Each RAN area ID may consist of a Tracking Area Code (TAC) and optionally a RAN area Code.
[0136] For example, RRC INACTIVE is a state where a UE remains in CM CONNECTED and can move within an area configured by NG-RAN (e.g. the RNA) without notifying NG-RAN. In RRC INACTIVE, the last serving gNB node keeps the UE context and the UE-associated NG connection with the serving AMF and UPF.
[0137] In an embodiment, the interface instance removal failure message may further comprise at least one of first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages (for example, messages used for interface removal procedure) between the first network node and the second network node, or a list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA provided to a UE of the list of the UEs comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0138] In an embodiment, the first information may comprise at least one of a timer value, or an ID of a last UE. The last UE may be the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node. For example, the RAN-NotificationAreaInfo provided to a UE of the list of the UEs includes a RAN area ID or a cell ID of the first network node.
[0139] For example, the second network node may have multiple UE’s context (i.e. transitioned to INACTIVE via the second network node, and RNA provided to the UE comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node. Later, some UEs’ context may be relocated to other network node due to RNA update or service request procedure. Then the second network node may only have one UE’s context. This is the last UE. So the last UE may be the only UE whose context is stored in the second network node and transitioned to INACTIVE via the second network node and its RNA may including a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0140] In an embodiment, the timer value may be determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node. The timer value may be a relative value, e.g. 2-hour, or an absolute time, e.g. 11: 10 of August 1st, 2024.
[0141] For example, UE1 may go to INACTIVE at 10: 00, with RNA Update timer = 2 hour, and may expire at 12: 00. UE2 may go to INACTIVE at 10: 10, but with RAN Update timer = 1 hour, and will expire at 11: 10.
[0142] Case 1: UE1’s context may be relocated to other network node (due to RNA update or service request procedure) . Later, when the second network node such as gNB2 receives Xn Removal Request from the first network node such as gNB1 at 11: 00, the second network node may only have one UE’s context (i.e. UE2’s context) . UE2 is the last UE in this example, and the timer is related to the last UE (i.e. UE2) . For example, the time value is 10-minute.
[0143] Case 2: When the second network node such as gNB2 receive Xn Removal Request from the first network node such as gNB1 at 11: 00, it may still have context for more than one UE, i.e. it has the UE context for both UE1 and UE2. The timer value should be based on the remaining time of all UEs, i.e. the max remaining time is 1-hour based on the remaining time of UE1.
[0144] FIG. 5b shows a flowchart of a method 510 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0145] At block 512, the first network node may determine whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node.
[0146] At block 514, the first network node may re-initiate an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.
[0147] The first condition may be any suitable condition. In an embodiment, the first condition may comprise at least one of the last UE is resumed, a UE context of the last UE is relocated, a timer with the timer value is elapsed, all UEs in the list of UEs are resumed, all UE contexts of all UEs in the list of UEs are relocated, a number of UEs in the list of UEs is smaller than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the list of UEs will onboard the first network node is smaller than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is elapsed.
[0148] For example, the threshold may be any suitable threshold which can be determined by an operator or machine learning. The specific UE service may comprise any suitable service such high-priority service, high QoS requirement service, delay sensitive service, etc. The specific network slice may comprise any suitable network slice such as high-priority network slice, high QoS network slice, delay sensitive network slice, etc. The likelihood can be determined based on, e.g., trajectory estimations or the last location / speed of the UE relative to the WAB-gNB. For example, for a slowly moving / stationary UE, onboarding the WAB-gNB would be unlikely and the Xn connection can be removed.
[0149] At transition to RRC INACTIVE, the NG-RAN node may configure the UE with a periodic RNA Update timer value. In one example embodiment, the second network node may use the same periodic RNA Update timer value for all UEs. The first network node may receive the periodic RNA Update timer value used by the second network node, for example, in the interface instance removal failure message. At periodic RNA Update timer expiry without notification from the UE, the first network node may re-initiate an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node.
[0150] FIG. 5c shows a flowchart of a method 520 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0151] At block 522, the first network node may determine whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node. In an embodiment, the interface instance removal request message may be sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met. The first network node may prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node if the second condition is met.
[0152] The second condition may be any suitable condition. In an embodiment, the second condition may comprise there is a store of at least one UE context for RRC CONNECTED UE transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node. In an embodiment, the second condition may further comprise at least one of a number of UEs in a second list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node is larger than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the second list of UEs comprises a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the second list of UEs comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the second list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.
[0153] For example, the threshold may be any suitable threshold which can be determined by an operator or machine learning. The specific UE service may comprise any suitable service such high-priority service, high QoS requirement service, delay sensitive service, etc. The specific network slice may comprise any suitable network slice such as high-priority network slice, high QoS network slice, delay sensitive network slice, etc. The likelihood can be determined based on, e.g., trajectory estimations or the last location / speed of the UE relative to the WAB-gNB. For example, for a slowly moving / stationary UE, onboarding the WAB-gNB would be unlikely and the Xn connection can be removed.
[0154] At transition to RRC INACTIVE, the NG-RAN node may configure the UE with a periodic RNA Update timer value. If the periodic RNA Update timer is not expired, the first network node may prevent an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node.
[0155] FIG. 5d shows a flowchart of a method 530 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0156] At block 532, optionally, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, the first network node may remove the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0157] At block 534, optionally, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, the first network node may configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.
[0158] FIGs. 6a, 6b and 6c show flowcharts of methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure, which may be performed by an apparatus implemented in or at or as a second network node or communicatively coupled to the second network node. As such, the apparatus may provide means or modules or circuits for accomplishing various parts of the methods as well as means or modules or circuits for accomplishing other processes in conjunction with other components. For some parts which have been described in the above embodiments, the description thereof is omitted here for brevity.
[0159] FIG. 6a shows a flowchart of a method 600 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0160] At block 602, the second network node may receive an interface instance removal request message from a first network node.
[0161] At block 604, the second network node may send an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node.
[0162] In an embodiment, the interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0163] In an embodiment, the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0164] In an embodiment, the interface instance removal failure message may further comprise at least one of first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, or a list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0165] In an embodiment, the first information may comprise at least one of a timer value, or an ID of a last UE. In an embodiment, the last UE may be the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0166] In an embodiment, the timer value may be determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.
[0167] In an embodiment, the first network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node may comprise a movable network node or a stationary network node.
[0168] In an embodiment, the movable network node may comprise a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node may comprise a next generation radio access network node.
[0169] In an embodiment, the interface instance may comprise an Xn interface instance.
[0170] FIG. 6b shows a flowchart of a method 610 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0171] At block 612, the second network node may determine whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.
[0172] The third condition may comprise any suitable condition. In an embodiment, the third condition may comprise there is the store of RRC INACTIVE UE context of at least one UE. In an embodiment, the third condition may further comprise at least one of a number of UEs in a third list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node is larger than a threshold, a UE service of a UE in the third list of UEs comprises a specific UE service, a network slice for a UE in the third list of UEs comprise a specific network slice, a likelihood that the third list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, or a timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.
[0173] For example, the threshold may be any suitable threshold which can be determined by an operator or machine learning. The specific UE service may comprise any suitable service such high-priority service, high QoS requirement service, delay sensitive service, etc. The specific network slice may comprise any suitable network slice such as high-priority network slice, high QoS network slice, delay sensitive network slice, etc. The likelihood can be determined based on, e.g., trajectory estimations or the last location / speed of the UE relative to the WAB-gNB. For example, for a slowly moving / stationary UE, onboarding the WAB-gNB would be unlikely and the Xn connection can be removed.
[0174] At transition to RRC INACTIVE, the NG-RAN node may configure the UE with a periodic RNA Update timer value. If the periodic RNA Update timer is not expired, the second network node may reject the interface instance removal request message and send an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node.
[0175] FIG. 6c shows a flowchart of a method 620 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0176] At block 622, optionally, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, the second network node may remove the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0177] At block 624, optionally, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, the second network node may configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.
[0178] In an embodiment, it provides means to support Xn Removal between the WAB-gNB and neighboring gNB, without causing issues to RRC INACTIVE UE.
[0179] At least one of the following gNBs is a WAB-gNB, and the other gNB can be a stationary gNB or a WAB-gNB.
[0180] In an embodiment, gNB which stores the RRC INACTIVE UE CONTEXT (e.g. gNB1 in FIG. 4) may perform at least one of the following operations.
[0181] -Upon the reception of Xn REMOVAL REQUEST message from the peer gNB, gNB determines to reject the Xn Removal procedure when following condition is met:
[0182] gNB has stored UE Context for RRC INACTIVE UE, and
[0183] the RNA assigned to the UE during the suspend, includes the a RAN area ID or acell ID of peer gNB.
[0184] -gNB sends a XN REMOVAL FAILURE message including at least one of:
[0185] a new cause value indicating the failure is due to the store of RRC INACTIVE UE CONTEXT,
[0186] a timer value (e.g. a relative time value 30 second, or an absolute time 10: 12 based on e.g., periodic RNA update timer) that gNB needs to consider before re-try the Xn Removal procedure, or
[0187] an indication whether this is the last UE context and the ID (i.e. UE Context ID) of the UE.
[0188] In another alternative embodiment, Xn removal is approved, but Xn is only removed after the timer expiry automatically without further exchange of messages.
[0189] If any UE whose RNA comprises the peer gNB resumes after receiving such Xn removal request, e.g., until the above timer value expires, gNB removes the cells / TAs of peer gNB from the newly configured RNA for the UE. Furthermore, for the UEs newly sent to RRC INACTIVE, gNB configures RNA excluding cells / TAs of the peer gNB. gNB can further send a release request to the peer gNB.
[0190] Peer gNB of Xn (e.g. WAB-gNB in FIG. 4) may perform at least one of the following operations:
[0191] -determines whether it can initiate the Xn Removal procedure;
[0192] -initiates an Xn Removal procedure;
[0193] -receives Xn REMOVAL FAUILURE message with at least one of a new cause value, timer value and indication of last UE context;
[0194] A new cause value indicates the failure is due to the store of RRC INACTIVE UE CONTEXT. The timer value (e.g. a relative time value 30 second, or an absolute time 10: 12) indicates that WAB-gNB needs to consider it before re-try the Xn Removal procedure. The indication indicates whether this is the last UE context and the ID (i.e. UE Context ID) of the UE (s) .
[0195] -Later, determine whether it can re-initiate the Xn Removal procedure (e.g. either the timer value is expired, or last UE context is relocated to serving gNB) .
[0196] -re-initiate the Xn Removal procedure.
[0197] In another alternative embodiment, Xn removal is approved, but Xn is only removed after the timer expiry automatically without further exchange of messages.
[0198] In another embodiment, Xn removal request can also be rejected based on criticality of Xn connection such as number of UEs affected by UE context retrieval or stored, their required critical services (known from slices used for e.g. mission critical services, emergency) , etc.
[0199] FIG. 7 shows a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
[0200] In this embodiment, the UE transitions from RRC CONNECTED to RRC INACTIVE via a non-WAB gNB (e.g. gNB1) . Later, the UE resumes via WAB (more specifically, the WAB-gNB) . Similar procedure can be used in case the UE transitions to RRC INACTIVE via WAB-gNB, then resumes in gNB1.
[0201] Step 1: At location A, WAB-gNB sets up Xn with gNB1.
[0202] Step 2: UE1 connects with gNB1, and transitions to RRC INACTIVE. The UE context is stored in gNB1. The RNA configured for UE is related to WAB-gNB. For example, the RNA information assigned to UE1 includes a RAN area ID or acell ID of of WAB-gNB. UE1 onboards the vehicle which has WAB-gNB installed.
[0203] Step 3: WAB moves away. The WAB-gNB may initiate the Xn Removal procedure with gNB1. Alternatively, due to the limited resources, the WAB-gNB may only support a limited number of Xn interfaces. When the WAB-gNB needs to setup Xn with the new neighboring gNB in Location B, it may need to release the previous Xn established in Location A. The WAB-gNB determines whether there is a condition to prevent the Xn Removal towards gNB1. For example, the WAB-gNB determines whether there is at least one UE context for RRC INACTIVE UE transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via WAB-gNB, with RNA related to gNB1. For example, the RNA information configured in UE1 includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of gNB1. The Xn Removal procedure can only be initiated when there is no such UE context. NOTE: the WAB-gNB can have the UE Context for RRC INACTIVE UE with RNA not related to gNB1.
[0204] Step 4: WAB-gNB decides to initiate Xn Removal procedure towards gNB1.
[0205] Step 5: Upon the reception of the Xn REMOVAL REQUEST message, gNB1 determines whether it should reject the Xn Removal procedure. gNB1 determines to reject the Xn Removal procedure in order to support the further RRC INACTIVE UE transition to RRC CONNECTED, if following condition is met: gNB1 has at least UE context for one RRC INACTIVE UE, and the RNA assigned to UE is related to WAB-gNB, for example, the RNA information configured in UE includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of WAB-gNB.
[0206] Step 6: gNB1 sends the Xn REMOVAL FAILURE message including a new cause value indicating the failure is due to the store of RRC INACTIVE UE CONTEXT, and information on when Xn Removal procedure can be performed.
[0207] The information on when Xn Removal procedure can be performed can be at least one of following:
[0208] -a timer value (e.g. a relative time value 30 second, or an absolute time 10: 12) that WAB-gNB needs to consider before re-trying the Xn Removal procedure. It is possible that multiple UEs may transition to RRC INACTIVE via gNB1, and the assigned RNA to those UEs is related to WAB-gNB, for example, the RNA information configured in UE includes a RAN area ID or cell ID of WAB-gNB. The timer value is based on the remaining time till the expiry of Periodic RNA Update timer for the last UE. WAB-gNB may only initiate the Xn Removal procedure after the timer value,
[0209] -an indication whether this is the last UE context and the ID (i.e. UE Context ID) of the UE. For example, more than one UE may transition to RRC INACTIVE via gNB1, and the assigned RNA is related to WAB-gNB. In case this is the last UE, WAB-gNB can immediately initiate Xn Removal procedure after the last UE is resumed.
[0210] Alternatively, gNB1 may indicate a list of UE IDs, for those UEs that may resume in WAB-gNB. Note: it is possible that a UE may resume in other gNBs other than the WAB-gNB (for example, the UE resumes in gNB1 rather in WAB-gNB) . So, this list may be only beneficial that all UEs resume in WAB-gNB.
[0211] It is possible that multiple UEs may transition to RRC INACTIVE at different times via gNB1 and the assigned RNA is related to WAB-gNB. gNB1 makes the decision based on the longest remaining time of the RNA Update timer, i.e. the last UE that will perform the RNA Update based on the periodic RNA update time.
[0212] Step 7: later, UE1 initiates resume procedure via WAB-gNB.
[0213] Step 8: WAB-gNB initiates Xn Retrieve UE Context procedure towards gNB1. UE context is relocated to WAB-gNB.
[0214] Step 9: WAB-gNB determines whether condition is met for re-initiating the Xn Removal procedure towards gNB1. The condition is based on the information received in the Xn REMOVAL FAILURE message (Step 4) .
[0215] For example, in case a timer value is received in Step 4, the WAB-gNB can only re-initiate the Xn Removal procedure after this timer value. In case a “last UE” indication is received in Step 4, the WAB-gNB can immediately re-initiate the Xn Removal procedure after the completion of UE transition to RRC CONNECTED for the affected UE (i.e. the UE context is relocated to serving gNB: WAB-gNB) . In case the list of UE IDs is received in Step 4, the WAB-gNB can only re-initiate the Xn Removal procedure after the contexts for all concerned UEs are re-located.
[0216] Step 10: WAB-gNB re-initiates Xn-Removal procedure towards gNB1.
[0217] Step 11: gNB1 does not have any RRC INACTIVE UE context related to WAB-gNB, so it accepts the Xn Removal procedure, and performs as usual Xn Removal procedure.
[0218] The embodiments of the present disclosure may avoid the too early removal of Xn interface, and thus avoid the failure of transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED.
[0219] In a further embodiment, the decision of not removing Xn can depend on the number of UEs that may be impacted by the UE context retrieval.
[0220] In a further embodiment, the decision of not removing Xn can depend on the UE services and / or slices. For example, UEs with high-priority slices may necessitate the maintenance of the Xn connection.
[0221] In a further embodiment, the gNB releasing the UE can consider the UE-specific predictions to estimate the likelihood of the UEs being onboard of the WAB-gNB. This can be based on, e.g., trajectory estimations or the last location / speed of the UE relative to the WAB-gNB. For example, for a slowly moving / stationary UE, onboarding the WAB-gNB would be unlikely and the Xn connection can be removed. The RNA timer can also be considered here. Accordingly, stationary UEs can be explicitly excluded in the specifications.
[0222] A problem to be solved is as below. In the event of a WAB-gNB shifting from one location to another, there is a possibility of initiating Xn removal towards a gNB that moves away from the WAB-gNB. Premature removal of Xn between WAB-gNB and the gNB releasing the UE to RRC INACTIVE results in failed UE-context retrieval for UEs on WAB-gNB or transitioning to a new gNB. As a result, UEs in RRC INACTIVE state are unable to be restored to RRC-Connected in the new gNB / WAB-gNB, causing service interruption and increased RRC failure.
[0223] An objective of the embodiments is to address service continuity issues by ensuring uninterrupted service for User Equipment in an RRC INACTIVE state and minimizing RRC failures, particularly for UEs with high Quality of Service requirements. It is closely linked to key service continuity challenges for access UEs.
[0224] In a further embodiment, the means of determining whether to initiate and / or authorize the removal of an Xn connection between a WAB-gNB and another gNB is based on whether both gNBs are associated with the RNA of an RRC_INACTIVE UE.
[0225] In a further embodiment, the network node may indicate that the request for Xn removal has been declined based on the above determination and offer extra information to aid the requesting node in deciding when to re-initiate of Xn removal.
[0226] In a further embodiment, the gNB automatically removes the Xn connection after the timer value expires without further exchange of messages.
[0227] In a further embodiment, if any UE whose RNA comprises the peer gNB resumes after receiving the Xn removal request, the gNB removes the cells / TAs of the peer gNB from the newly configured RNA for the UE.
[0228] In a further embodiment, for UEs newly sent to RRC_INACTIVE, the gNB configures RNA excluding cells / TAs of the peer gNB.
[0229] In a further embodiment, the gNB further sends a release request to the peer gNB.
[0230] In a further embodiment, the gNB rejects the Xn removal request based on the criticality of the Xn connection, considering factors such as: (i) The number of UEs affected by UE context retrieval or stored, (ii) The critical services required by the affected UEs, such as mission critical services or emergency services.
[0231] In a further embodiment, the gNB and the peer gNB are configured to automatically remove the Xn connection after the timer value expires without further exchange of messages.
[0232] In a further embodiment, the gNB is configured to remove the cells / TAs of the peer gNB from the newly configured RNA for UEs that resume after receiving the Xn removal request.
[0233] In a further embodiment, the gNB is configured to configure RNA excluding cells / TAs of the peer gNB for UEs newly sent to RRC_INACTIVE.
[0234] In a further embodiment, the gNB is configured to send a release request to the peer gNB.
[0235] In a further embodiment, the gNB is configured to reject the Xn removal request.
[0236] Embodiments herein may provide many advantages, of which a non-exhaustive list of examples follows. In some embodiments herein, it may ensure interface removal is performed at a proper time. For example, it can avoid too early removal of Xn interface. In some embodiments herein, it may avoid the failure of UE transition from RRC INACTIVE to RRC CONNECTED. In some embodiments herein, it may improve service continuity by ensuring uninterrupted service for UE in an RRC INACTIVE state and minimizing RRC failures, especially for UEs with high Quality of Service (QoS) demands. The embodiments herein are not limited to the features and advantages mentioned above. A person skilled in the art will recognize additional features and advantages upon reading the following detailed description.
[0237] FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing an apparatus suitable for practicing some embodiments of the disclosure. For example, the first network node or the second network node described above may be implemented as or through the apparatus 800.
[0238] The apparatus 800 comprises at least one processor 821, such as a digital processor (DP) , and at least one memory (MEM) 822 coupled to the processor 821. The apparatus 800 may further comprise a transmitter TX and receiver RX 823 coupled to the processor 821. The MEM 822 stores a program (PROG) 824. The PROG 824 may include instructions that, when executed on the associated processor 821, enable the apparatus 800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure. A combination of the at least one processor 821 and the at least one MEM 822 may form processing means 825 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0239] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer program executable by one or more of the processor 821, software, firmware, hardware or in a combination thereof.
[0240] The MEM 822 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memories and removable memories, as non-limiting examples.
[0241] The processor 821 may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
[0242] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the first network node, the memory 822 contains instructions executable by the processor 821, whereby the first network node operates according to any of the methods performed by the first network node as described above.
[0243] In an embodiment where the apparatus is implemented as or at the second network node, the memory 822 contains instructions executable by the processor 821, whereby the second network node operates according to any of the methods performed by the second network node as described above.
[0244] FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing a first network node according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown, the first network node 900 may comprise a sending module 901 configured to send an interface instance removal request message to a second network node. The first network node 900 may comprise a receiving module 902 configured to receive an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0245] In an embodiment, the first network node 900 may comprise a first determining module 903 configured to determine whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node.
[0246] In an embodiment, the first network node 900 may comprise a re-initiating module 904 configured to re-initiate an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.
[0247] In an embodiment, the first network node 900 may comprise a second determining module 905 configured to determine whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node. The interface instance removal request message may be sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met.
[0248] In an embodiment, the first network node 900 may comprise a removing module 906 configured to, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, remove the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0249] In an embodiment, the first network node 900 may comprise a configuring module 907 configured to, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.
[0250] FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing a second network node according to an embodiment of the disclosure. As shown, the second network node 1000 may comprise a receiving module 1001 configured to receive an interface instance removal request message from a first network node. The second network node 1000 may comprise a sending module 1002 configured to send an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node. The interface instance removal failure message may comprise information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.
[0251] In an embodiment, the second network node 1000 may comprise a first determining module 1003 configured to determine whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.
[0252] In an embodiment, the second network node 1000 may comprise a removing module 1004 configured to, for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, remove the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE.
[0253] In an embodiment, the second network node 1000 may comprise a configuring module 1005 configured to, for a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.
[0254] Although the devices described herein may include the illustrated combination of hardware components, other embodiments may comprise computing devices with different combinations of components. It is to be understood that these computing devices may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and / or software needed to perform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein. Determining, calculating, obtaining or similar operations described herein may be performed by processing circuitry, which may process information by, for example, converting the obtained information into other information, comparing the obtained information or converted information to information stored in the network node, and / or performing one or more operations based on the obtained information or converted information, and as a result of said processing making a determination. Moreover, while components are depicted as single boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multiple boxes, in practice, computing devices may comprise multiple different physical components that make up a single illustrated component, and functionality may be partitioned between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any of the components described herein, and / or the functionality of the components may be partitioned between the processing circuitry and the communication interface. In another example, non-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may be implemented in software or firmware and computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.
[0255] In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality described herein may be provided by processing circuitry executing instructions stored on in memory, which in certain embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality may be provided by the processing circuitry without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whether executing instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or not, the processing circuitry can be configured to perform the described functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to the processing circuitry alone or to other components of the computing device, but are enjoyed by the computing device as a whole, and / or by end users and a wireless network generally.
[0256] The term unit or module may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics, electrical devices and / or electronic devices and may include, for example, electrical and / or electronic circuitry, devices, modules, processors, memories, logic solid state and / or discrete devices, computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks, procedures, computations, outputs, and / or displaying functions, and so on, as such as those that are described herein.
[0257] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer program product being tangibly stored on a computer readable storage medium and including instructions which, when executed on at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0258] According to an aspect of the disclosure it is provided a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions which when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to carry out any of the methods as described above.
[0259] In addition, the present disclosure may also provide a carrier containing the computer program as mentioned above, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, optical signal, radio signal, or computer readable storage medium. The computer readable storage medium can be, for example, an optical compact disk or an electronic memory device like a RAM (random access memory) , a ROM (read only memory) , Flash memory, magnetic tape, CD-ROM, DVD, Blue-ray disc and the like.
[0260] The techniques described herein may be implemented by various means so that an apparatus implementing one or more functions of a corresponding apparatus described with an embodiment comprises not only prior art means, but also means for implementing the one or more functions of the corresponding apparatus described with the embodiment and it may comprise separate means for each separate function, or means that may be configured to perform two or more functions. For example, these techniques may be implemented in hardware (one or more apparatuses) , firmware (one or more apparatuses) , software (one or more modules) , or combinations thereof. For a firmware or software, implementation may be made through modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein.
[0261] Exemplary embodiments herein have been described above with reference to block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods and apparatuses. It will be understood that each block of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, respectively, can be implemented by various means including computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0262] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the subject matter described herein, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0263] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of any implementation or of what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments of particular implementations. Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate embodiments can also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment can also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be described above as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a sub-combination or variation of a sub-combination.
[0264] It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that, as the technology advances, the inventive concept can be implemented in various ways. The above described embodiments are given for describing rather than limiting the disclosure, and it is to be understood that modifications and variations may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as those skilled in the art readily understand. Such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of the disclosure and the appended claims. The protection scope of the disclosure is defined by the accompanying claims.
Claims
1.An apparatus at a first network node, the apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:send an interface instance removal request message to a second network node; andreceive an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.2.The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.3.The apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the interface instance removal failure message further comprises at least one of:first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, ora list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.4.The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the first information comprises at least one of:a timer value, oran ID of a last UE,wherein the last UE is the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.5.The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.6.The apparatus according to any of claims 3-5, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:determine whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node; andre-initiate an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.7.The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of:the last UE is resumed,a UE context of the last UE is relocated,a timer with the timer value is elapsed,all UEs in the list of UEs are resumed,all UE contexts of all UEs in the list of UEs are relocated,a number of UEs in the list of UEs is smaller than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the list of UEs will onboard the first network node is smaller than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is elapsed.8.The apparatus according to any of claims 1-7, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:determine whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node,wherein the interface instance removal request message is sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met.9.The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the second condition comprises there is a store of at least one UE context for RRC CONNECTED UE transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node, and the second condition further comprises at least one of:a number of UEs in a second list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node is larger than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the second list of UEs comprises a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the second list of UEs comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the second list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.10.The apparatus according to any of claims 1-9, wherein the first network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node.11.The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the movable network node comprises a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node comprises a next generation radio access network node.12.The apparatus according to any of claims 1-11, wherein the interface instance comprises an Xn interface instance.13.The apparatus according to any of claims 1-12, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, remove the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE;and / orfor a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, configure the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.14.A method performed at a first network node, the method comprising:sending an interface instance removal request message to a second network node; andreceiving an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.15.The method according to claim 14, wherein the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.16.The method according to claim 14 or 15, wherein the interface instance removal failure message further comprises at least one of:first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, ora list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.17.The method according to claim 16, wherein the first information comprises at least one of:a timer value, oran ID of a last UE,wherein the last UE is the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.18.The method according to claim 17, wherein the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.19.The method according to any of claims 16-18, wherein the method further comprising:determining whether a first condition is met for re-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node, andre-initiating an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node if the first condition is met.20.The method according to claim 19, wherein the first condition comprises at least one of:the last UE is resumed,a UE context of the last UE is relocated,a timer with the timer value is elapsed,all UEs in the list of UEs are resumed,all UE contexts of all UEs in the list of UEs are relocated,a number of UEs in the list of UEs is smaller than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the list of UEs does not comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the list of UEs will onboard the first network node is smaller than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is elapsed.21.The method according to any of claims 14-20, wherein the method further comprising:determining whether a second condition is met to prevent an interface instance removal towards the second network node,wherein the interface instance removal request message is sent to the second network node if the second condition is not met.22.The method according to claim 21, wherein the second condition comprises there is a store of at least one UE context for RRC CONNECTED UE transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node, and the second condition further comprises at least one of:a number of UEs in a second list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the first network node with RNA including a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node is larger than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the second list of UEs comprises a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the second list of UEs comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the second list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.23.The method according to any of claims 14-22, wherein the first network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node.24.The method according to claim 23, wherein the movable network node comprises a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node comprises a next generation radio access network node.25.The method according to any of claims 14-24, wherein the interface instance comprises an Xn interface instance.26.The method according to any of claims 14-25, wherein the method further comprising:for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the second network node resumes after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE;and / orfor a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after receiving the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the second network node.27.An apparatus at a first network node, the apparatus comprising:means for sending an interface instance removal request message to a second network node; andmeans for receiving an interface instance removal failure message from the second network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.28.An apparatus at a second network node, the apparatus comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to:receive an interface instance removal request message from a first network node; andsend an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.29.The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.30.The apparatus according to claim 28 or 29, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:determine whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.31.The method according to claim 30, wherein the third condition comprises there is the store of RRC INACTIVE UE context of at least one UE, and the third condition further comprises at least one of:a number of UEs in a third list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node is larger than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the third list of UEs comprises a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the third list of UEs comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the third list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.32.The apparatus according to any of claims 28 to 31, wherein the interface instance removal failure message further comprises at least one of:first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, ora list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.33.The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the first information comprises at least one of:a timer value, oran ID of a last UE,wherein the last UE is the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.34.The apparatus according to claim 33, wherein the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.35.The apparatus according to any of claims 28-34, wherein the first network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node.36.The apparatus according to claim 35, wherein the movable network node comprises a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node comprises a next generation radio access network node.37.The apparatus according to any of claims 28-36, wherein the interface instance comprises an Xn interface instance.38.The apparatus according to any of claims 28-37, wherein the apparatus is further caused to:for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE; and / orfor a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.39.A method performed at a second network node, the method comprising:receiving an interface instance removal request message from a first network node; andsending an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.40.The method according to claim 39, wherein the UE was transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with radio access network (RAN) based notification area (RNA) comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.41.The method according to claim 39 or 40, the method further comprising:determining whether a third condition is met to reject the interface instance removal request message.42.The method according to claim 41, wherein the third condition comprises there is the store of RRC INACTIVE UE context of at least one UE, and the third condition further comprises at least one of:a number of UEs in a third list of UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node is larger than a threshold,a UE service of a UE in the third list of UEs comprises a specific UE service,a network slice for a UE in the third list of UEs comprise a specific network slice,a likelihood that the third list of UEs will onboard the first network node is larger than a threshold, ora timer with a periodic RNA Update timer value is not elapsed.43.The method according to any of claims 39 to 42, wherein the interface instance removal failure message further comprises at least one of:first information indicating when an interface instance removal procedure towards the second network node can be re-initiated or when an interface instance can be removed without an exchange of messages between the first network node and the second network node, ora list of identifiers for UEs transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.44.The method according to claim 43, wherein the first information comprises at least one of:a timer value, oran ID of a last UE,wherein the last UE is the only UE, whose context is stored in the second network node, and transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.45.The method according to claim 44, wherein the timer value is determined based on a remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for the last UE, and / or a maximum remaining time till an expiry of the periodic RNA update timer for all UEs that transitioned to RRC INACTIVE via the second network node with RNA comprising a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node.46.The method according to any of claims 39-45, wherein the first network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node and / or the second network node comprises a movable network node or a stationary network node.47.The method according to claim 46, wherein the movable network node comprises a Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) node and / or the stationary network node comprises a next generation radio access network node.48.The method according to any of claims 39-47, wherein the interface instance comprises an Xn interface instance.49.The method according to any of claims 39-48, wherein the method further comprising:for a first UE whose configured RNA comprises a RAN area or a cell related to the first network node resumes after sending the interface instance removal failure message, removing the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node from newly configured RNA for the first UE; and / orfor a second UE newly sent to RRC INACTIVE after sending the interface instance removal failure message, configuring the second UE with RNA excluding the RAN area or the cell related to the first network node.50.An apparatus at a second network node, the apparatus comprising:means for receiving an interface instance removal request message from a first network node; andmeans for sending an interface instance removal failure message to the first network node,wherein the interface instance removal failure message comprises information indicating a failure is due to a store of user equipment (UE) context of a radio resource control (RRC) INACTIVE UE.51.A computer-readable medium having computer program codes embodied thereon which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 14-26 and 39-49.52.A computer program product comprising computer programs or instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the method according to any one of claims 14-26 and 39-49.
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