Indication based service maintenance
By transmitting an indication of service degradation, the solution enables the second network device to take corrective actions, addressing the issue of degraded service in WAB scenarios and maintaining service quality.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110731
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In wireless access backhaul (WAB) scenarios, existing technologies fail to address the issue of degraded service when no network device can maintain the required BH QoS/connectivity, affecting both WAB-nodes and connected UEs.
A first network device transmits an indication to a second network device, including reason information and recommendation for service degradation, enabling the second network device to perform operations such as offloading, resource release, or remapping to maintain service.
The solution allows timely maintenance of service by informing the second network device of degradation, enabling it to take corrective actions like offloading or remapping, thereby preventing further service degradation.
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Figure CN2024110731_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
INDICATION BASED SERVICE MAINTENANCEFIELD
[0001] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communications and in particular, to network devices, methods, apparatuses, a computer readable storage medium and a computer program product for indication based service maintenance.BACKGROUND
[0002] A study item on additional topological enhancements for new radio (NR) has been agreed in release 19 (Rel-19 or R19) , which includes a topic of wireless access backhaul (WAB) . The support on signalling related to WAB is to be studied.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for indication-based service maintenance.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first network device. The first network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to: determine that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and transmit, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second network device. The second network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory storing instructions, wherein the instructions when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to: receive, from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and perform at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and transmitting, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: receiving, at a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of:reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and performing at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for determining, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and means for transmitting, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0009] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and means for performing at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0010] In a seventh aspect, there is an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: determining circuitry configured to determine, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0011] In an eighth aspect, there is an apparatus. The apparatus comprises: receiving circuitry configured to receive, at a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and performing circuitry configured to perform at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0012] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method in a third or fourth aspect.
[0013] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method in a third or fourth aspect.
[0014] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0016] FIG. 1A illustrates an example schematic for a WAB deployment including relevant entities and interfaces;
[0017] FIG. 1B illustrates an example schematic for a format of single network slice selection assistance information (S-NSSAI) ;
[0018] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a network environment in which some example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0019] FIG. 1D illustrates an example process for a service which is degraded;
[0020] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] FIG. 3 illustrates another example of a process flow in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] FIG. 4A illustrates an example process for determining that a service cannot be maintained in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] FIG. 4B illustrates an example process for transmitting an indication in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] FIG. 5A illustrates another example process for determining that a service cannot be maintained in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0025] FIG. 5B illustrates an example process for remapping in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0026] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a first network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0027] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a second network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0028] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0029] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0030] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0032] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0033] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0034] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0035] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0036] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0037] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) ;
[0038] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0039] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware, and
[0040] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions; and
[0041] (c) hardware circuit (s) and / or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0042] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0043] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Non-terrestrial network (NTN) , IoT over NTN, Wi-Fi and so on. Furthermore, the communications in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) , the sixth generation (6G) communication protocols, IEEE 802.11 protocols and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned system.
[0044] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a new radio (NR) NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0045] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , an Access Terminal (AT) , or an internet of things (IoT) device. The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a machine type communication (MTC) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0046] 3GPP RAN has agreed to the Rel-19 study item on Additional Topological Enhancements for NR, which includes the topic of Wireless Access Backhaul (WAB) . For WAB, the following objectives were highlighted in the SID:
[0047] FIG. 1A illustrates an example schematic for a WAB deployment 110 including relevant entities and interfaces. The WAB-node 112 consists of a full gNB (WAB-gNB 1121) and WAB Mobile Termination (WAB-MT 1122, aka WAB-UE) . The WAB-MT 1122 connects to another NG-RAN node (BH-RAN-Node 113, aka BH-gNB) , forming the radio connection for the NR backhaul (BH) .
[0048] The main principle is that the BH connection for the WAB-gNB 1121 is provided by one or more packet data unit (PDU) sessions established for the WAB-MT 1122 to the serving network (labelled BH PDU Session (s) in the figure) . WAB-gNB NG interfaces (for both control and user plane, i.e. NG-C and NG-U, respectively) are transparently forwarded through the serving network via backhaul PDU session (s) . Additionally, WAB-gNB 1121 may establish Xn interfaces (for both control and user plane, i.e. Xn-C and Xn-U, respectively) to neighbouring NG-RAN nodes 114, which are also transparently forwarded via backhaul PDU session (s) .
[0049] UE 111 connected to the WAB-node 112 sees the WAB-gNB cell like a normal cell and UE 111 can establish PDU session to the UE’s 5GC 115 using existing signaling procedures. The WAB deployment is therefore transparent to UEs and no enhancements are needed for legacy UEs.
[0050] When an Xn interface is present between two gNBs, handover occurs via the Xn interface.
[0051] During handover (HO) preparation, the source gNB sends the XnAP HANDOVER REQUEST to the target gNB. The HO request message includes an information element (IE) “PDU Session Resources To Be Setup List” , which informs the target gNB of the PDU session-and slice- (S-NSSAI) related resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) , including the corresponding QoS flow to DRB mappings.
[0052] If the target gNB does not admit at least one PDU session resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) , then it rejects the handover request, responding with the XnAP HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE to the source gNB.
[0053] If the target gNB admits one or more of the PDU session resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) , it responds with XnAP HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE, including the IEs “PDU Session Resources Admitted List” and (optionally) “PDU Session Resources Not Admitted List” , by which the source gNB can know which PDU sessions (and QoS flows) of the UE will be available at the target gNB following handover.
[0054] If no Xn interface is present between two gNBs, then handover occurs via the NG interface, i.e. signalling occurs to / from source gNB to / from source access and mobility management function (AMF) to / from target AMF (if different than source AMF) to / from target gNB.
[0055] During HO preparation, the source gNB sends the NGAP HANDOVER REQUIRED to the AMF. The HO required message includes the IE “Source NG-RAN Node to Target NG-RAN Node Transparent Container” , which contains information on PDU session-related resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) , including the corresponding QoS flow to DRB mappings. (Note that AMF is already aware of the association between PDU sessions and slices (S-NSSAI) , so this is not sent in the HANDOVER REQUIRED message. ) AMF sends the NGAP HANDOVER REQUEST to the target gNB. The HO request message includes the IE “PDU Session Resource Setup List” , which informs the target gNB of the PDU session-and slice- (S-NSSAI) related resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) .
[0056] If the target gNB does not admit at least one PDU session resources of the UE, then it rejects the handover request, responding with the NGAP HANDOVER FAILURE to the AMF. The AMF then sends NGAP HANDOVER PREPARATION FAILURE to the source gNB.
[0057] If the target gNB admits one or more of the PDU session resources of the UE (e.g., WAB-MT) , it responds with NGAP HANDOVER REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE, containing the PDU session resources and QoS flows that were admitted and those that were not admitted. The AMF then sends NGAP HANDOVER COMMAND to the source gNB, including the IEs “PDU Session Resource Handover List” and (optionally) “PDU Session Resource to Release List” and (optionally) “QoS Flow Failed to Setup List” , by which the source gNB can know which PDU sessions (and QoS flows) of the UE will be available at the target gNB following handover.
[0058] Network slicing is a key 5G feature to support different services using the same underlying mobile network infrastructure. Network slices can differ either in their service requirements like Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) and enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) or the tenant that provides those services.
[0059] A network slice is uniquely identified via the S-NSSAI. Current 3GPP specifications allow a UE to be simultaneously connected and served by at most eight slices corresponding to eight network slices meaning eight S-NSSAIs. On the other hand, each cell may support tens or even hundreds of slices, e.g., in the current specifications a Tracking Area (TA) can support up to 1024 network slices.
[0060] FIG. 1B illustrates an example schematic for a format 120 of an S-NSSAI. The S-NSSAI may include both the Slice Service Type (SST) and the Slice Differentiator (SD) field with a total length of 32 bits, or include only the SST field part in which case the length of S-NSSAI is 8 bits only. The SST field may have standardized and non-standardized values. Values 0 to 127 belong to the standardized SST range. For instance, SST value of 1 may indicate that the slice is suitable for handling of 5G eMBB, 2 for handling of URLLC, etc. SD is operator-defined only.
[0061] In the existing 5G system, the RAN nodes possess information regarding the slice support and slice availability of the neighboring RAN nodes through the Xn interface (i.e., “TAI Support List” information element as indicated in 3GPP TS 38.424) . That means, if the Xn interface exists between the RAN nodes, the RAN nodes can use the slice support information in their handover decisions for the UE.
[0062] Furthermore, in the NG interface each RAN node exposes its slice support to the connected AMF. That means that also AMF possesses slice support information for each connected RAN node (i.e., “TAI Slice Support List” information element within the NG Setup Request as shown in 3GPP TS 38.413) . However, if the RAN nodes do not have an Xn interface with each other, they cannot know the respective slice support as the slice support is not exchanged between the NG interface among RAN nodes.
[0063] As mentioned above, a handover may occur for the WAB-MT 1122. In some cases, there may be no BH-gNB that is able to maintain the BH QoS / connectivity requirements for the WAB-node 112 and both the WAB-gNB 1121 and the UEs 111 connected to the WAB-gNB 1121 suffer degraded service.
[0064] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for indication based service maintenance. In the solution, the first network device transmits an indication to the second network device, if a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded. As such, the second network device can realize that the service requirements cannot be met and additional operation can be performed in time, thereby the service can be maintained. Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0065] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a network environment 100 in which some example embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The network environment 100 may also be called as a network system, a communication environment, a communication network, a communication system, or the like, the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.
[0066] The environment 100, which may be a part of a communication network, comprises a first network device 101, a second network device 102, and a third network device 103. The second network device 102 includes a base station (BS) component 102-1 and a terminal component 102-2. In some examples, the second network device 102 may be implemented as the WAB-node 112 as shown in FIG. 1A, and accordingly the BS component 102-1 may be a WAB-gNB 1121 and the terminal component 102-2 may be a WAB-MT 1122. It should be noted that the second network device 102 may be implemented as another type of devices, which may have both BS component and terminal component. It should be noted that a name of the second network device 102 is not limited in the present disclosure although some example embodiments are described with reference to WAB-node.
[0067] The second network device 102, specifically the BS component 102-1, may connect to and serve at least one terminal device 105 (such as a UE) . For example, the BS component may be regarded as a serving gNB of the terminal device 105.
[0068] The terminal component 102-2 may connect to the first network device 101, for example, the first network device 101 may be regarded as a serving gNB of the terminal component 102-2.
[0069] In some cases, the terminal component 102-2 may need to hand over from the first network device 101, e.g., to a third network device 103. In this case, the first network device 101 may be regarded as a source gNB and the third network device 103 may be regarded as a target gNB (or a candidate gNB) . In some examples, each of the first network device 101 and the third network device 103 may be implemented as a BH-RAN-node 113 as illustrated in FIG. 1A.
[0070] As illustrated in FIG. 1C, the environment 100 also includes a core network 130, an example of which may be the BH-5GC 116 shown in FIG. 1A. For example, the core network 130 may be the terminal component 102-2’s 5GC. In some examples, the core network 130 may include a plurality of functions or entities, such as a user plane function (UPF) 131. It is to be understood that the core network 130 may include one or more other functions or entities, such as an AMF, etc.
[0071] It is to be understood that the numbers of devices and their connection relationships and types shown in FIG. 1C are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. For example, the environment 100 may include any suitable numbers of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, there may be more UEs served by the BS component 102-1. For example, there may be more candidate network devices for the terminal component 102-2.
[0072] FIG. 1D illustrates an example process 150 for a service which is degraded. The process 150 relates to the UE, the WAB-node including WAB-gNB and WAB-MT, BH-gNB1, and BH-gNB2.
[0073] At step 1, the UE (s) may access network through WAB-gNB. The WAB-node providing service to UEs is connected to BH-gNB1. At some point BH-gNB1 determines that the WAB-node, i.e., WAB-MT, should be handed over to another gNB at step 2. This determination could be based on existing mobility management procedures, or it could be based on other criteria such as RLF / measurement prediction indicated by the WAB-MT to the BH-gNB1, load balancing due to inability of BH-gNB1 to continue meeting QoS requirements of the WAB-node, etc.
[0074] At step 3, BH-gNB1 determines that no target BH-gNB is available that is able to maintain the full BH service requirements for the WAB-node. This could be due to:
[0075] · HO preparation failure / HO rejection at a potential target BH-gNB2, e.g. BH-gNB2 cannot support any PDU sessions of the WAB-MT.
[0076] · HO accepted by a target candidate BH-gNB2 but with reduced service, e.g. some but not all PDU sessions of the WAB-MT are admitted.
[0077] · No neighbouring gNBs of BH-gNB1 are capable of providing backhauling for the WAB-node (which could be known based on the slices (S-NSSAI) known to be supported by the neighbouring nodes) .
[0078] Due to there being no BH-gNB available that can maintain the required BH service for the WAB-node, the WAB-MT experiences degraded service / QoS (e.g. due to not all PDU sessions / slices being admitted) or connection failure (e.g. due to RLF) at step 4. At step 5, UEs connected via the WAB-gNB likewise experience degraded service / connection failure.
[0079] In this scenario, no gNB is able to maintain the BH requirements for the WAB-node and both the WAB-node and the UEs connected to it suffer degraded service. Therefore, when no BH-gNB is able to maintain the BH requirements for the WAB-node or when a BH-gNB is not able to maintain all sessions for the WAB-node, how to mitigate the WAB-node and the UEs connected to it from suffering from degraded service should be addressed.
[0080] FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a process flow 200 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the process flow 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1C. The process flow 200 involves a first network device 101 and a second network device 102. It would be appreciated that although the process flow 200 has been described in the network environment 100 of FIG. 1C, this process flow may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios.
[0081] At 210, the first network device 101 determines that a service of the second network device 102 cannot be maintained, for example, the service of the second network device 102 is to be degraded.
[0082] In some implementations, the first network device 101 is a serving gNB for the terminal component of the second network device 102. The first network device 101 may determine that no network device is available to maintain the required service for the terminal component of the second network device 102.
[0083] In some embodiments, the first network device 101 is aware of which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows are preferred by the terminal component of the second network device 102. In some embodiments, the first network device 101 is aware of which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows are corresponding to interfaces (such as NG-C, NG-U, Xn-C, Xn-U) of the BS component of the second network device 102.
[0084] The first network device 101 may transmit, to a target network device (such as the third network device 103 as shown in FIG. 1C) , information about one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component. For example, the information comprises one or more corresponding priorities of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows. For example, the information may be included in a handover request or a handover preparation during HO preparation. The target network device (such as the third network device 103 as shown in FIG. 1C) may transmit, to the first network device 101, a feedback indicating that at least one of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component cannot be admitted by the target network device. In some examples, the target network device may be unable to admit all of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component. For example, the feedback may be included in a handover rejection or a handover preparation failure or a handover command.
[0085] In some instances, the target network device may reject the handover request from the first network device 101. Optionally, an indication of at least one of the one or more PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows which cannot be admitted by the target network device may be included in the handover rejection.
[0086] In some other instance, the target network device may admit the handover request, and include an indication of at least one of the one or more PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows which cannot be admitted by the target network device.
[0087] In some examples, the first network device 101 may further refrain or delay transmitting a handover command to the terminal component. For example, upon receiving the feedback indicating that at least one of the one or more PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows which cannot be admitted by the target network device, the first network device 101 may withhold immediately sending the HO command to the terminal component.
[0088] In some embodiments, the first network device 101 is aware of which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows are supported by the target network device, and also is aware of which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows are being used by the terminal component. Accordingly, the first network device 101 may determine whether the service of the terminal component can be maintained.
[0089] In the process 200, the first network device 101 transmits, and the second network device 102 receives, an indication at 220. In some implementations, the indication may indicate that the service of the second network device cannot be maintained or the service of the second network device is to be degraded.
[0090] In some implementations, the indication may include reason information of the degradation, and / or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0091] In some examples, the indication may be transmitted to the terminal component, and in addition, the terminal component may forward the indication to the BS component. For example, the indication may be included in a radio resource control (RRC) message or RRC signalling, or the indication may be included in a medium access control control element (MAC CE) message or layer 2 signalling, or the indication may be included in a downlink control information (DCI) message or layer 1 signalling. For example, the indication may be transmitted via a Uu interface between the first network device 101 and the terminal component of the second network device 102.
[0092] In some examples, the indication may be transmitted to the BS component. For example, the indication may be transmitted via the Xn interface between the first network device 101 and the BS component of the second network device 102. For example, the indication may be included in an XnAP message.
[0093] For another example, the indication may be transmitted through a core network. For instance, no Xn interface is present between the first network device 101 and the BS component of the second network device 102. For instance, the indication may be transmitted to an AMF of the first network device 101, e.g., the indication may be included in an NGAP message. For instance, the indication may be further forwarded to an AMF of the BS component of the second network device 102, which then may forward the indication to the second network device 102, e.g., via another NGAP message. With reference to FIG. 1A, the first network device 101 may be the BH-RAN-Node 113 and the AMF of the first network device 101 may be an entity in the BH-5GC 116. With reference to FIG. 1A, the second network device 102 may be the WAB-node 112, and the AMF of the BS component of the second network device 102 may be an entity in the UE’s 5GC 115.
[0094] In some embodiments, the indication 220 may indicate one or more of the following:
[0095] i. there is no target network device available to provide service to the second network device,
[0096] ii. a quality of service (QoS) requirement of the service cannot be met,
[0097] iii. information on at least one QoS flow supported by the first network device or the target network device,
[0098] iv. at least one protocol data unit (PDU) session or network slice or QoS flow preferred by the terminal component is not admitted by a target network device,
[0099] v. a PDU session or QoS flow used for control plane of the second network device is admitted and none of PDU session or QoS flow used for user plane of the second network device is admitted,
[0100] vi. a radio link failure (RLF) is to occur at the terminal component;
[0101] vii. control plane or operation administration and maintenance (OAM) resources of the base station component cannot be maintained,
[0102] viii. a first recommendation to offload or hand over at least one terminal device served by the base station component,
[0103] ix. a second recommendation to release resources at the base station component, or
[0104] x. a third recommendation to remap the control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.
[0105] At 230, the second network device 102 performs at least one operation for maintaining the service. In some implementations, the BS component of the second network device 102 may perform the at least one operation, which may include one or more of the following: offloading or handing over at least one terminal device served by the base station component, releasing resources at the base station component, or remapping control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.
[0106] For providing embodiments of the present disclosure in more detail, it is assumed that the first network device is BH-gNB1, the third network device is BH-gNB2, the second network device is WAB-node including WAB-gNB and WAB-MT.
[0107] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a process flow 300 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process flow 300 may be regarded as a summarized flow, details of which may refer to FIGS. 4A-5 below.
[0108] In the process 300, at least one UE 105 may access the network through the WAB-gNB at 310. In some examples, there may be at least one neighbor NG-RAN node 114 connecting to the WAB-gNB 1121.
[0109] In the process 300, the first network device 101 (e.g., BH-gNB1) determines that WAB-MT should be handed over to another gNB at 320. For example, the determination may be made based on measurement information, RLF prediction, or load balancing, etc. For example, if the service requirements cannot be met, the first network device 101 may determine that the WAB-MT should be handed over to another gNB.
[0110] The first network device 101 (e.g., BH-gNB1) determines that no gNB can maintain WAB-node’s BH service requirements at 330, details of which may refer to those provided with reference to step 210 in FIG. 2, and some example embodiments will be provided in FIG. 4A or FIG. 5A.
[0111] The first network device 101 (e.g., BH-gNB1) transmits an indication indicating that the BH service requirements cannot be maintained to the second network device 102 (e.g., WAB-node) at 340, details of which may refer to those provided with reference to step 220 in FIG. 2, and some example embodiments will be provided in FIG. 4B.
[0112] In addition, the second network device 102 (e.g., WAB-node) determines at least one suitable action at 350, details of which may refer to those provided with reference to step 230 in FIG. 2.
[0113] FIG. 4A illustrates an example process 400 for determining that a service cannot be maintained in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 400 may be regarded as a detailed implementation for the step 330 in FIG. 3. In some examples, any of options 410-440 may be applied.
[0114] In option 410 or 420 or 430, BH-gNB1 is aware of which PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) are preferred by the WAB-MT and / or correspond to the NG-C, NG-U, Xn-C, Xn-U of the WAB-gNB. It is to be noted that how the BH-gNB1 first learns of the preferred PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) is not limited in the present disclosure; for example, it could be based on OAM configuration or an indication from the AMF, which could be provided directly to the BH-gNB1, or which is provided to the WAB-MT and then the WAB-MT in turn informs BH-gNB1.
[0115] In option 410 or 420, during HO preparation, BH-gNB1 informs BH-gNB2 of the WAB-MT’s preferred PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) at 411 / 421. This preference may be indicated as a priority. Alternatively, BH-gNB1 may inform BH-gNB2 which PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) correspond to any of the OAM, NG-C, NG-U, Xn-C, Xn-U of the WAB-gNB.
[0116] In option 410, BH-gNB2 informs BH-gNB1 that it is unable to admit at least one preferred PDU session / network slice / QoS flow, by rejecting the HO request at 412, optionally including which of the preferred PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) cannot be admitted by BH-gNB2. In this case BH-gNB1 learns that the HO cannot be completed by BH-gNB2.
[0117] In option 420, BH-gNB2 informs BH-gNB1 that it is unable to admit at least one preferred PDU session / network slice / QoS flow, by admitting the HO request at 422, including which of the preferred PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) cannot be admitted by BH-gNB2. In this case BH-gNB1 learns that the HO is accepted by BH-gNB2 but that the BH service of the WAB-node will be degraded following HO. In addition, BH-gNB1 withholds immediately sending the HO command to the WAB-MT at 423 so that it can first inform the WAB-node that the BH service will be degraded (e.g., at step 340) .
[0118] In option 430, HO preparation 431 follows existing functionality whereby BH-gNB1 includes the list of PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) to be handed over to BH-gNB2. BH-gNB2 accepts the HO request at 432, but is unable to admit all of the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) , and BH-gNB2 informs BH-gNB1 of the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) that cannot be admitted by BH-gNB2. BH-gNB1 learns that the HO is accepted by BH-gNB2 but that the BH service of the WAB-node will be degraded following HO. In addition, BH-gNB1 withholds immediately sending the HO command to the WAB-MT at 433 so that it can first inform the WAB-node that the BH service will be degraded (e.g., at step 340) .
[0119] In option 440, BH-gNB1 is already aware of which slice (s) (S-NSSAI) are supported by its neighbouring gNBs. BH-gNB1 is also aware of which slice (s) (S-NSSAI) are being used for the BH services of the WAB-node. Based on this information, BH-gNB1 can determine that no neighbouring gNBs will be able to support WAB backhauling, inferring that BH service will be degraded at the WAB-node.
[0120] FIG. 4B illustrates an example process 450 for transmitting an indication in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 450 may be regarded as a detailed implementation for the step 340 in FIG. 3. For example, the process 450 may be performed after the process 400. In some examples, any of options 460-470 may be applied.
[0121] BH-gNB1 sends the indication informing WAB-node that BH service requirements cannot be maintained. This indication may be sent by option 460 or option 470.
[0122] In option 460, the indication is transmitted to WAB-gNB. This may be sent within:
[0123] - an XnAP message (if Xn interface is present between the WAB-gNB and BH-gNB1) , or
[0124] - an NGAP message (if no Xn interface is present between WAB-gNB and BH-gNB1; in this case the NGAP indication would be sent from BH-gNB1 to BH-AMF to WAB-gNB’s AMF (if different from BH-AMF) to BH-gNB) .
[0125] In option 470, the indication is transmitted to WAB-MT at 471, e.g., in an RRC, MAC CE or DCI message, and then the indication may be forwarded to WAB-gNB at 472.
[0126] In some examples, the indication, at 460 or 471 may include one or more of: i to x that are listed above with reference to step 220 in FIG. 2.
[0127] In some examples, after receiving the indication, the WAB-gNB may determine suitable action, e.g. to offload / HO connected UEs to other cells, release Xn and / or NG of the WAB-gNB with neighbouring NG-RAN nodes, etc.
[0128] In some implementations, part of PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) of WAB-node are admitted, in this case, the WAB-gNB can remap the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) not admitted to the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) admitted, e.g., according to the availability indicated by the target BH-gNB. For example, some network slices may be admitted, while other network slices cannot be admitted.
[0129] FIG. 5A illustrates another example process 500 for determining that a service cannot be maintained in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be regarded as another detailed implementation for the step 330 in FIG. 3. In some examples, any of options 510-530 may be applied. In the process 500, PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with NG-U are admitted, but PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with NG-C / OAM of the WAB-gNB cannot be admitted.
[0130] In option 510, during HO preparation, BH-gNB1 informs BH-gNB2 of PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM at 511.
[0131] BH-gNB2 informs BH-gNB1 that it is unable to admit at least one PDU session / network slice / QoS flow associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM, by admitting the HO request at 512, including which of the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM cannot be admitted by BH-gNB2. In addition, BH-gNB1 withholds immediately sending the HO command to the WAB-MT at 513.
[0132] In option 520, HO preparation 521 follows existing functionality whereby BH-gNB1 includes the list of PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) to be handed over to BH-gNB2. BH-gNB2 accepts the HO request at 522, but is unable to admit all of the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM, and BH-gNB2 informs BH-gNB1 of the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM that cannot be admitted by BH-gNB2. In addition, BH-gNB1 withholds immediately sending the HO command to the WAB-MT at 523.
[0133] In option 530, BH-gNB1 is already aware of which slice (s) (S-NSSAI) are supported by its neighbouring gNBs. BH-gNB1 is also aware of which slice (s) (S-NSSAI) are associated with NG-C / OAM of the WAB-gNB. Based on this information, BH-gNB1 can determine that no neighbouring gNBs will be able to support S-NSSAI associated with WAB-gNB NG-C / OAM.
[0134] BH-gNB1 sends the indication informing WAB-node that BH-PDU resources associated with the WAB-gNB’s NG-C / OAM cannot be maintained, e.g., after the process 500. Similar with the process 450 in FIG. 4B, the indication can be sent to the WAB-gNB (via Xn or NG interfaces) , or can be sent to the WAB-MT (e.g. via RRC, MAC CE or DCI) which then can forward the indication to the WAB-gNB.
[0135] FIG. 5B illustrates an example process 550 for remapping in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The process 550 may be regarded as a detailed implementation for the step 350 in FIG. 3. For example, the process 550 may be performed upon receiving the indication associated with the process 500. In some examples, the process 550 may include steps 551-553, and optionally further includes step 554.
[0136] WAB-gNB learns that the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with the NG-U of the WAB-gNB will be admitted, but that the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with the NG-C / OAM of the WAB-gNB cannot be admitted; hence, WAB-gNB remaps the PDU session (s) / network slice (s) / QoS flow (s) associated with NG-C / OAM to that of the NG-U.
[0137] At 551, a new SCTP connection is established between WAB-gNB and the AMF of the UEs connected to the WAB-gNB. For example, the AMF of the UE (i.e. UE-AMF 115-1) may be a function or an entity in UE’s 5GC 115 that is illustrated in FIG. 1A. For example, the establishment may use an IP address of the NG-U’s BH-PDU session.
[0138] At 552, the WAB-gNB may transmit an NG SETUP REQUEST to the UE-AMF 115-1, then UE-AMF 115-1 may transmit an NG SETUP RESPONSE back to the WAB-gNB at 553. As such, a procedure of NG setup between WAB-gNB and UEs’ AMF is completed. WAB-gNB may include the “UE Retention Information” IE in the NG SETUP REQUEST to request the AMF to retain existing contexts and connections of the UEs connected to the WAB-gNB. AMF confirms the request, including the “UE Retention Information” IE in the NG SETUP RESPONSE.
[0139] Optionally, at 554, WAB-MT may inform its UPF (i.e. the BH-UPF 131) of the remapped BH-PDUs.
[0140] As such, WAB-gNB remaps the NG-C / OAM resources to the PDU session / network slice / QoS flow associated with NG-U.
[0141] According to embodiments in the present disclosure, the first network device (e.g., BH-gNB) can proactively inform the WAB-node that no BH gNB will be able to meet its BH QoS / connectivity requirements, which can help the WAB-node minimize service disruption to the UEs connected to the WAB-gNB (and to WAB-node itself) by offloading UEs ahead of time. This procedure may be transparent to the UEs in some examples.
[0142] According to embodiments in the present disclosure, the first network device (e.g., BH-gNB1) can inform the target network device (e.g., BH-gNB2) about which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows should be prioritized (or are associated with the NG-C, OAM, NG-U, etc. of the WAB-gNB) , and the target network device (e.g., BH-gNB2) can inform the first network device (e.g., BH-gNB1) about which PDU sessions / network slices / QoS flows cannot be admitted; this can be used by the BH-gNB1 to determine whether to send an indication that BH services of the WAB-node will be degraded and may further be used to assist the WAB-gNB in remapping rejected sessions / slices onto admitted sessions / slices.
[0143] Accordingly, the WAB-node may know in time that the service will degrade based on the indication, and the WAB-node might be able to gracefully release Xn or NG resources with neighbouring gNBs, thereby maintaining acceptable QoS / connectivity for the offloaded users, and maintaining acceptable QoS for the WAB-node due to reduction in BH requirements (after offloading users) .
[0144] It is to be noted that although some example embodiments are described with reference to WAB-node (including WAB-gNB and WAB-MT) , the present disclosure does not limit for this aspect. In some examples, other name for the second network device is also applied and the present disclosure does not list herein.
[0145] FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 implemented at a first network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described from the perspective of a first network device 101 in FIG. 1C.
[0146] At block 610, the first network device determines that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component. At block 620, the first network device transmits, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0147] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one of the following: there is no target network device available to provide service to the second network device, a QoS requirement of the service cannot be met, information on at least one QoS flow supported by the first network device or the target network device, at least one PDU session or network slice or QoS flow preferred by the terminal component is not admitted by a target network device, a PDU session or QoS flow used for control plane of the second network device is admitted and none of PDU session or QoS flow used for user plane of the second network device is admitted, an RLF is to occur at the terminal component; control plane or OAM resources of the base station component cannot be maintained, a first recommendation to offload or hand over at least one terminal device served by the base station component, a second recommendation to release resources at the base station component, or a third recommendation to remap the control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.
[0148] In some example embodiments, the first network device transmits, to a target network device, information about one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component; and the first network device receives, from the target network device, a feedback indicating that at least one of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component cannot be admitted by the target network device.
[0149] In some example embodiments, the first network device refrains or delays transmitting a handover command to the terminal component.
[0150] In some example embodiments, the information comprises one or more corresponding priorities of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows.
[0151] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a message which is transmitted to the terminal component.
[0152] In some example embodiments, the indication is included in a message which is transmitted to the base station component and / or via at least one core network function.
[0153] FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of a method 700 implemented at a second network device in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described from the perspective of a second network device 102 in FIG. 1C.
[0154] At block 710, the second network device receives, from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component. At block 720, the second network device performs at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0155] In some example embodiments, the indication indicates at least one of the following: there is no target network device available to provide service to the second network device, a QoS requirement of the service cannot be met, information on at least one QoS flow supported by the first network device or the target network device, at least one PDU session or network slice or QoS flow preferred by the terminal component is not admitted by a target network device, a PDU session or QoS flow used for control plane of the second network device is admitted and none of PDU session or QoS flow used for user plane of the second network device is admitted, an RLF is to occur at the terminal component; control plane or OAM resources of the base station component cannot be maintained, a first recommendation to offload or hand over at least one terminal device served by the base station component, a second recommendation to release resources at the base station component, or a third recommendation to remap the control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.
[0156] In some example embodiments, the second network device receives, by the terminal component, a message including the indication from the first network device; and provides, by the terminal component to the base station component, the indication.
[0157] In some example embodiments, the second network device receives, by the base station component, a message including the indication from the first network device and / or via at least one core network function.
[0158] In some example embodiments, the at least one operation comprises at least one of the following: offloading or handing over at least one terminal device served by the base station component, releasing resources at the base station component, or remapping control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.
[0159] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 600 (for example, the first network device 101) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0160] The term “means” as used in the description and in the claims may refer to one or more individual elements configured to perform the corresponding recited functionality or functionalities, or it may refer to several elements that perform such functionality or functionalities. Furthermore, several functionalities recited in the claims may be performed by the same individual means or the same combination of means. For example, performing such functionality or functionalities may be caused in an apparatus by a processor that executes instructions stored in a memory of the apparatus.
[0161] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for determining, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and means for transmitting, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.
[0162] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for transmitting, to a target network device, information about one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component; and means for receiving, from the target network device, a feedback indicating that at least one of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component cannot be admitted by the target network device.
[0163] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for refraining or delaying transmitting a handover command to the terminal component.
[0164] In some example embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing the method 700 (for example, the second network device 102) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0165] The term “means” as used in the description and in the claims may refer to one or more individual elements configured to perform the corresponding recited functionality or functionalities, or it may refer to several elements that perform such functionality or functionalities. Furthermore, several functionalities recited in the claims may be performed by the same individual means or the same combination of means. For example, performing such functionality or functionalities may be caused in an apparatus by a processor that executes instructions stored in a memory of the apparatus.
[0166] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, at a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of:reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; and means for performing at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.
[0167] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, by the terminal component, a message including the indication from the first network device; and means for providing, by the terminal component to the base station component, the indication.
[0168] In some example embodiments, the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, by the base station component, a message including the indication from the first network device and / or via at least one core network function.
[0169] FIG. 8 illustrates a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 may be provided to implement the first or the second network device discussed above, for example the first network device 101 or the second network device 102 in FIG. 1C. As shown, the device 800 includes one or more processors 810, one or more memories 820 coupled to the processor 810, and one or more communication modules 840 coupled to the processor 810.
[0170] The communication module 840 is for bidirectional communications. The communication module 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0171] The processor 810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0172] The memory 820 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 824, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 822 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0173] A computer program 830 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 810. The program 830 may be stored in the ROM 824. The processor 810 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 830 into the RAM 822.
[0174] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 830 so that the device 800 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to FIGS. 2-7. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0175] In some example embodiments, the program 830 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 800 (such as in the memory 820) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 800. The device 800 may load the program 830 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 822 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like.
[0176] FIG. 9 illustrates a block diagram of an example of a computer readable medium 900 in accordance with some example embodiments of the present disclosure. The computer readable medium 900 has the program 830 stored thereon. It is noted that although the computer readable medium 900 is depicted in form of CD or DVD in FIG. 9, the computer readable medium 900 may be in any other form suitable to carry or hold the program 830.
[0177] Various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0178] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method as described above with reference to any of FIGS. 2-7. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0179] Program code for the methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0180] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0181] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0182] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0183] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A first network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the first network device at least to:determine that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andtransmit, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.2.The first network device of claim 1, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:there is no target network device available to provide service to the second network device,a quality of service (QoS) requirement of the service cannot be met,information on at least one QoS flow supported by the first network device or the target network device,at least one protocol data unit (PDU) session or network slice or QoS flow preferred by the terminal component is not admitted by a target network device,a PDU session or QoS flow used for control plane of the second network device is admitted and none of PDU session or QoS flow used for user plane of the second network device is admitted,a radio link failure (RLF) is to occur at the terminal component;control plane or operation administration and maintenance (OAM) resources of the base station component cannot be maintained,a first recommendation to offload or hand over at least one terminal device served by the base station component,a second recommendation to release resources at the base station component, ora third recommendation to remap the control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.3.The first network device of claim 1 or 2, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first network device to:transmit, to a target network device, information about one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component; andreceive, from the target network device, a feedback indicating that at least one of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows preferred by the terminal component cannot be admitted by the target network device.4.The first network device of claim 3, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the first network device to:refrain or delay transmitting a handover command to the terminal component.5.The first network device of claim 3 or 4, wherein the information comprises one or more corresponding priorities of the one or more PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows.6.The first network device of any of claims 1-5, wherein the indication is included in a message which is transmitted to the terminal component.7.The first network device of any of claims 1-5, wherein the indication is included in a message which is transmitted to the base station component and / or via at least one core network function.8.A second network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the second network device at least to:receive, from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andperform at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.9.The second network device of claim 8, wherein the indication indicates at least one of the following:there is no target network device available to provide service to the second network device,a quality of service (QoS) requirement of the service cannot be met,information on at least one QoS flow supported by the first network device or the target network device,at least one protocol data unit (PDU) session or network slice or QoS flow preferred by the terminal component is not admitted by a target network device,a PDU session or QoS flow used for control plane of the second network device is admitted and none of PDU session or QoS flow used for user plane of the second network device is admitted,a radio link failure (RLF) is to occur at the terminal component;control plane or operation administration and maintenance (OAM) resources of the base station component cannot be maintained,a first recommendation to offload or hand over at least one terminal device served by the base station component,a second recommendation to release resources at the base station component, ora third recommendation to remap the control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.10.The second network device of claim 8 or 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second network device to:receive, by the terminal component, a message including the indication from the first network device; andprovide, by the terminal component to the base station component, the indication.11.The second network device of claim 8 or 9, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the second network device to:receive, by the base station component, a message including the indication from the first network device and / or via at least one core network function.12.The second network device of any of claims 8-11, wherein the at least one operation comprises at least one of the following:offloading or handing over at least one terminal device served by the base station component,releasing resources at the base station component, orremapping control plane or OAM resources to PDU sessions or network slices or QoS flows used for user plane.13.A method comprising:determining, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andtransmitting, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of:reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.14.A method comprising:receiving, by a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andperforming at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.15.An apparatus comprising:means for determining, at a first network device, that a service of a connected second network device is to be degraded, wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andmeans for transmitting, to the second network device, an indication indicating that the service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation.16.An apparatus comprising:means for receiving, by a second network device from a first network device, an indication indicating that a service of the second network device is to be degraded, wherein the indication comprises at least one of: reason information of the degradation, or recommendation information for solving the degradation, and wherein the second network device comprises a base station component and a terminal component; andmeans for performing at least one operation for maintaining the service based on the indication.17.A non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method of claim 13 or 14.
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