Wireless communication method
The wireless communication method addresses unreliable UE communication in regenerative NTN access by recovering or rerouting through alternative satellite gNB links, ensuring continuous operations and efficient interface utilization.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110918
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In satellite-based regenerative Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) access, the NG and Xn logical interfaces can be disconnected, switched, or suspended due to satellite movement or other factors, leading to unreliable UE communication.
A wireless communication method that includes recovering failed NTN-related links or finding alternative paths by requesting and selecting satellite gNB link information from surrounding network nodes, routing UE-related procedures through the recovered or alternative paths.
Enhances system robustness by allowing UEs to maintain normal operations during link failures, avoiding unnecessary network procedures, and optimizing the utilization of inter-satellite and feeder link interfaces.
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Figure CN2024110918_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD
[0001] BACKGROUND OF DISCLOSURE
[0002] 1. Field of Disclosure
[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication systems, and more particularly, to a wireless communication method.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Satellite access can extend the reach of 5G New Radio (NR) to remote and rural areas, as well as maritime and airborne domains, where terrestrial networks are not feasible or cost-effective. Satellite access can improve the reliability and resilience of 5G NR by providing backup or alternative links in case of terrestrial network failures or congestion. Additionally, satellite access can enable new business opportunities and innovation for 5G service providers, network operators, satellite operators, and end users, by creating a converged and integrated network environment. Satellite access has been studied extensively within 3GPP contexts from both system architecture integration and radio access network (RAN) design perspective. From RAN perspective a satellite-based Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) access has been specified during 17 and Rel-18 of 3GPP specification to provide 5G services to the user using transparent payload architecture.
[0006] As part of Release 19, it is proposed to define further enhancements for NG-RAN based Non-Terrestrial Networks to support non-terrestrial network architecture with 5G system functions on board of satellite (i.e., regenerative payloads) . In such an architecture the gNB can be deployed on-board of a satellite terminating the Uu radio interface toward the UE (via the service link) and terminating the NG network interface toward the 5GC (via the feeder link) . Additionally, different gNBs hosted by the two regenerative payloads may often be interconnected to each other by means of an inter-satellite link (ISL) interface for exchanging of Xn protocol messages.Technical Problem:
[0007] Under the architecture discussed above, unlike terrestrial networks (TN) and transparent NTN access where NG and Xn interfaces are presumed to be always available, in regenerative NTN access, NG and / or Xn logical interfaces may often be disconnected, switched, suspended, or updated. This can occur due to satellite movement or other physical or logical factors. It has been observed that the connectivity between two gNBs onboard different NTN payloads can be affected by the performance of inter-satellite links (ISLs) between NTN payloads. The connectivity between NTN payload and the AMF entity on Earth can be affected by the performance of the feeder link. A logical or physical failure on ISL or feeder link will impose a crucial challenges on maintaining a reliable UE communication over satellite access. Hence, a wireless communication method for addressing the problems is desirable.SUMMARY
[0008] An object of the present disclosure is to propose a wireless communication method and system.
[0009] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:
[0010] receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger a user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) state transition; and
[0011] recovering a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or finding an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link comprises a first Xn link, a first NG link, or both of the Xn link and the NG link;
[0012] wherein the recovering a failed NTN-related link comprises: initiating procedures to recover the link and routing a UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the recovered link;
[0013] wherein the finding an alternative NTN-related path comprises:
[0014] requesting satellite gNB link information from surrounding network nodes;
[0015] selecting the alternative NTN-related path based on the received satellite gNB link information; and
[0016] routing the UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the selected alternative NTN-related path.
[0017] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:
[0018] receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) connection , NAS SM and / or MM signaling;
[0019] determining whether to recover a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or to find an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link has a delay that exceeds a delay threshold, the failed NTN-related link comprises a first access stratum link, a first non-access stratum link, or both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link;
[0020] when recovering a failed NTN-related link, initiating procedures to recover the link and routing the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the recovered link;
[0021] when finding an alternative NTN-related path, requesting NG / Xn link delay information from surrounding network nodes;
[0022] selecting an alternative NTN-related path based on the received NG / Xn link delay information; and routing the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the selected alternative NTN-related path.
[0023] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:
[0024] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a user equipment (UE) ;
[0025] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, a disconnected Xn link toward a last serving satellite gNB;
[0026] initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;
[0027] upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE context exchange request toward an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) for UE context data associated with the last serving satellite gNB;
[0028] receiving, from the AMF, the UE context data to the serving satellite gNB;
[0029] resuming, by the serving satellite gNB, the RRC connection toward the UE;
[0030] establishing, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE session over a recovered link or other satellite gNBs.
[0031] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:
[0032] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a UE, including an identity of a last serving satellite gNB;
[0033] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, an NG link failure;
[0034] initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;
[0035] upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, an exchange of satellite link parameters information request;
[0036] based on the exchanged satellite link parameters, deciding by the serving satellite gNB to:
[0037] a) perform normal UE context data retrieval from the last serving satellite gNB if there is no Xn link failure, or
[0038] b) initiate a UE context exchange request toward other neighboring satellite gNBs if both an Xn interface to the last serving satellite gNB and a feeder link to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) have failed.
[0039] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the invention provides a wireless communication method, comprising:
[0040] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) connection request from a user equipment (UE) ;
[0041] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, failures in:
[0042] a) an NG Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a selected Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , and
[0043] b) an Xn Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a last serving satellite gNB;
[0044] attempting, by the serving satellite gNB, to recover at least one of the NG Link or the Xn Link;
[0045] upon determining that neither the NG Link nor the Xn Link is recoverable, rejecting the RRC connection request, and initiating an exchange of satellite link parameters information request to neighboring satellite gNBs;
[0046] determining, based on responses which neighboring satellite gNB was or is serving the UE, and whether the neighboring satellite gNB has an active link to the UE's selected AMF;
[0047] redirecting the UE to an identified gNB with an active link or to a Terrestrial Network (TN) gNB node.
[0048] An embodiment of the invention provides a user equipment (UE) comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the disclosed method and any combination of embodiments of the disclosed method.
[0049] An embodiment of the invention provides a network node comprising a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the disclosed method.
[0050] The disclosed method may be programmed as computer executable instructions stored in non-transitory computer readable medium. The non-transitory computer readable medium, when loaded to a computer, directs a processor of the computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0051] The non-transitory computer readable medium may comprise at least one from a group consisting of:a hard disk, a CD-ROM, an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, a Read Only Memory, a Programmable Read Only Memory, an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, EPROM, an Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory and a Flash memory.
[0052] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program product that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.
[0053] The disclosed method may be programmed as a computer program that causes a computer to execute the disclosed method.Advantageous Effects
[0054] This disclosure presents a method to mitigate the impact of inter-satellite or feeder link failures in a satellite wireless communication system. By enabling UEs to continue normal operations during link failures and preventing unnecessary network procedures, the method enhances system robustness and efficiency. Key advantages include allowing UEs to operate without interruption during link failures, avoiding unnecessary network actions, and optimizing the utilization of inter-satellite and feeder link interfaces.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0055] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present disclosure or related art, the following figures will be described in the embodiments are briefly introduced. It is obvious that the drawings are merely some embodiments of the present disclosure, a person having ordinary skill in this field may obtain other figures according to these figures without paying the premise.
[0056] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view showing an NTN with a regenerative payload hosting a gNB on board a satellite.
[0057] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic view showing an NTN system.
[0058] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a scenario of feeder link failure at different time instance.
[0059] FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a scenario of inter-satellite link failure at different time instance
[0060] FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a scenario of inter-satellite and feeder link failure with and without coverage toward the last serving gNB.
[0061] FIG. 6 illustrates a schematic view showing a scenario of feeder link failure with longer delays on alternative feeder links.
[0062] FIG. 7 illustrates a schematic view showing an embodiment of the disclosed wireless communication method.
[0063] FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic view showing an overall solution of the disclosed wireless communication method.
[0064] FIG. 9 illustrates a schematic view showing an example scenario of link parameter exchange between satellites to address feeder or inter-satellite failures.
[0065] FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of the network node actions to address a feeder link failure impact on UE related procedure.
[0066] FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic view showing an example network node actions to address inter-satellite link failure impacts on UE-related procedures.
[0067] FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic view showing an example scenario of paging with multiple Xn involved.
[0068] FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic view showing a procedure addressing UE paging procedures impacted by serving satellite gNB NG failure.
[0069] FIG. 14 illustrates a schematic view showing a procedure addressing UE-triggered RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED state transition impacted by serving satellite gNB NG failure.
[0070] FIG. 15 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of the network node actions for addressing a feeder link failure impact on UE related procedure.
[0071] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic view showing a procedure addressing UE procedures such as RRC reestablishment, RRC resume impacted by Xn failure.
[0072] FIG. 17 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of addressing UE related procedure impacted by XN link failure in a scenario of multiple indirect XNs interfaces toward the last serving satellite gNB.
[0073] FIG. 18 illustrates a schematic view showing a procedure addressing impacted UE procedures such as RRC reestablishment, RRC resume due to Xn failure.
[0074] FIG. 19 illustrates a schematic view showing a scenario of inter-satellite and feeder link failure with and without available coverage toward the last serving satellite gNB.
[0075] FIG. 20 illustrates a schematic view showing a scenario of inter-satellite and feeder link failure with and without available coverage toward the last serving satellite gNB.
[0076] FIG. 21 illustrates a schematic view showing a scenario of feeder link failure with longer delays on other feeder links.
[0077] FIG. 22 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a user equipment (UE) .
[0078] FIG. 23 illustrates a schematic view showing an example of a network node.
[0079] FIG. 24 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a UE.
[0080] FIG. 25 illustrates a schematic view showing a chip or executing the disclosed method in a network node.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0081] Embodiments of the disclosure are described in detail with the technical matters, structural features, achieved objects, and effects with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows. Specifically, the terminologies in the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for describing the purpose of the certain embodiment, but not to limit the disclosure.
[0082] Abbreviations used in the description are listed in the following:
[0083] Table 1
[0084] This method relates to satellite wireless communication systems, specifically addressing a procedure to prevent temporary user equipment (UE) disconnection from the system due to failures in satellite access feeders and / or inter-satellite links.
[0085] The use of satellite constellations to provide 5G services has become a popular topic in both 3GPP radio access network (RAN) and system architecture (SA) groups. The RAN group has carried out a study phase during In Rel-17 and Rel-18, and the outcome has been included in TR 38.821, which introduces satellite-based Non-Terrestrial Network (NTN) access providing 5G services using transparent payload and regenerative payload architecture with a major focus on transparent architecture. Currently, there is a direction to study NTN regenerative payload generic architecture. In this architecture, the satellite gNB to be deployed on-board of satellite.
[0086] As for the case of regenerative satellite access, the satellite may have some functions of 5GS. One implementation is when the satellite payload may implement a full gNB supporting a satellite enabled NR-RAN or a gNB-DU deployed on-board.
[0087] With reference to FIG. 2, under the above architecture, when a UE is accessing an NTN via a gNB onboard a satellite, there will always be a single point-to-point (P2P) NG logical link serving this UE towards its selected AMF / UPF at any given time. There would also be one or more Xn P2P interfaces towards its last serving satellite gNB (as shown in FIG. 2) , unless a non-3GPP protocol such as IP inter-domain routing is applied between NG2 and Xn.
[0088] These P2P NG / Xn interfaces now operate over unpredictable wireless links, which may often experience long-lasting logical protocol errors or failures. If errors occur and NG / Xn fails, current specifications require the gNB to wait for a configurable time before attempting recovery. This results in rejection of any UE radio resource control (RRC) connection requests involving NG / Xn UE procedures, putting the UE in a waiting period. Rejections continue even if there is urgent data for the UE from the network (such as critical session or QoS updates) or from the UE to the network (such as time-critical uplink data or real-time applications like voice calls) . This waiting period could last minutes, hours, or even days.
[0089] To avoid such scenarios, for UEs needing to urgently send / receive data, it would be preferable to find an alternative NG / Xn path allowing UE RRC connection without waiting. Given that current 5G protocols are not designed to allow interchanging of UE-related Xn and NG protocols / messages among Xn and NG links, it would be beneficial to address this within the 3GPP context.
[0090] To find an alternative path allowing UEs to set up, resume, or re-establish RRC connections promptly without waiting for failure recovery, there's a need to enhance NG / Xn interfaces. This enhancement would allow encapsulating and / or exchanging at least UE-related procedures among them. These UE-related procedures depend on which interface is experiencing the failure, as detailed below:
[0091] 1.1.1 Issue #1: Impact on UE Procedures Due to NG Failure in Regenerative NTN Access
[0092] With reference to FIG. 3, in the event of a feeder link failure, the NG interface would fail, leading to a loss of connection between the core network and the satellite gNB serving the UE. Such a failure would affect UE-related NG procedures, including the exchange of initial UE messages, initial UE context setup messages, and / or paging messages between the serving satellite gNB, the UE, and the core network (SMF / AMF) .
[0093] This failure may impact or interrupt UE-triggered state transitions from RRC IDLE to RRC CONNECTED, and / or network-triggered RRC IDLE to RRC CONNECTED state transitions via paging.
[0094] For example, a UE may attempt to set up a new RRC connection with a new gNB after being in idle mode (e.g., after powering on) .
[0095] For example, the network may try to page a UE to move it to RRC CONNECTED state for an urgent incoming call or downlink data.
[0096] If the NG interface is experiencing an unrecoverable failure or disconnection when the UE initiates the RRC connection request towards the new gNB, or when the network attempts to page the UE, the initial UE context setup message and / or the paging message between the serving satellite gNB, the UE, and the core network (selected AMF) cannot be completed. This can significantly impact UE RRC setup or CN paging procedures.
[0097] 1.1.2 Issue #2: Impact on UE Procedures Due to Xn Failure in Regenerative NTN Access
[0098] The failure of an inter-satellite link or Xn interface can lead to disconnection or loss of connection between two satellite gNBs serving the UE. Such a failure may impact the exchange of Xn protocol messages, such as UE context retrieval request and response messages between the gNBs serving the UE.This can interrupt certain UE-related procedures and prevent proper execution of RRC resume, RRC reestablishment, and / or RAN Notification Area (RNA) updates.
[0099] With reference to FIG. 4, for example, a UE may attempt to perform an RRC resume, RRC reestablishment, and / or an RAN notification area (RNA) update on a new gNB that no longer has a connection to the last serving satellite gNB. If the Xn interface is experiencing an unrecoverable failure or disconnection when the UE initiates the RRC connection request toward the new gNB, the new gNB may be unable to complete the RRC resume, reestablishment, or RNA update procedures due to its inability to retrieve UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB.
[0100] 1.1.3 Issue #3: Impact on UE Procedures Due to Simultaneous Xn and NG Failures, with or without Coverage from Another Satellite gNB
[0101] The simultaneous failure of both the Xn (or inter-satellite link) and NG (or feeder link) interfaces can lead to disconnection or temporary loss of connection between:
[0102] 1. The satellite gNB serving the UE and the last gNB serving the UE (Xn failure) ; and / or
[0103] 2. The satellite gNB serving the UE and its selected AMF (NG failure) .
[0104] With reference to FIG. 5, if such NG / Xn failures are unrecoverable when the UE initiates an inactive / connected RRC connection request towards its serving satellite gNB and / or its selected AMF, the gNB may be unable to complete the UE RRC connection request due to:
[0105] 1. Inability to retrieve UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB
[0106] 2. Inability to initiate new UE context data setup with its selected AMF
[0107] This issue becomes more severe when coverage from another satellite gNB is unavailable for the UE.
[0108] Furthermore, if a satellite gNB experiences a failure (due to physical or hardware issues) leading to its total isolation, any UE RRC connection requests towards such a gNB will result in wasted power if the failure is non-recoverable.
[0109] 1.1.4 Issue #4: Impact on UE Procedures Due to Serving Satellite gNB NG Failure and Longer Delays in Alternative NG Paths in Ring or Mesh Deployments
[0110] With reference to FIG. 6, in ring or mesh deployments where IP inter-domain routing protocols are applied between NG2 and Xn, it's possible to route NG packets over the Xn interface of neighboring satellite gNBs and vice versa. In such a scenario, issues may arise if:
[0111] 1. There is a failure or logical switch on the direct NG interface connecting the UE's serving satellite gNB with its selected AMF / UPF.
[0112] 2. The delay of the routed NG links over neighboring satellite gNBs (gNB1, gNB3, and / or gNB4) to the selected AMF is significantly long.
[0113] Under these conditions, UE N1 NAS signaling-related procedures, such as 5GS mobility management and session management, will be affected. This is particularly problematic if the delay of the routed NG over neighboring satellites exceeds the NAS timer values specified for satellite NG-RAN access in TS 24.501-10.1, summarized in Table 2.
[0114] The issue arises because these timers are specified only based on the RAT type (such as NR satellite RAT Type: NR (LEO) , NR (MEO) , NR (GEO) , or NR (OTHERSAT) ) as per TS 24.501-23-3 / 4. They do not account for routing UE N1 NAS signaling through multiple nodes of these RAT types in case of NG failure or feeder switch, e.g., due to satellite movement.
[0115] It's important to note that according to 24.501-3.1, an N1 NAS signaling connection is a combination of an RRC connection via the Uu reference point and an NG connection via the N2 reference point for 3GPP access.
[0116] Table 2: NAS Timer Values for UE-related NAS N1 Procedures over Satellite Access
[0117] This disclosure presents a method to address logical disconnection or failure of Xn or NG protocols due to inter-satellite or feeder link failures in a satellite wireless communication system. Such failures may interrupt UE-associated procedures and prevent maintaining proper connection or network access. The method involves the following steps:
[0118] 1. A satellite radio access network node receives an Access Stratum (AS) request message or Non-Access Stratum (NAS) connection request message from a UE, indicating a need for connection setup, resumption, or reestablishment towards a core network node or another satellite radio access network node.
[0119] 2. The satellite radio access network node attempts to recover the failed NG / Xn link if recoverable, to trigger UE AS / NAS Xn or NG related procedures over it.
[0120] 3. If the link is not recoverable (e.g., after a certain time or number of attempts) , the node triggers a request to exchange information about the availability of other Xn and NG links of other radio access network nodes.
[0121] 4. The node then utilizes this exchanged information to find alternative link (s) or link combinations to trigger, follow up, or route the UE AS / NAS Xn or NG related procedures.
[0122] If both options fail, the satellite radio access network node may either:
[0123] a) Redirect the UE to perform the connection request procedure over a neighboring satellite radio network access node, or
[0124] b) Redirect the UE to perform the connection request procedure over a terrestrial radio access node.
[0125] This disclosure presents a method to mitigate disruptions caused by inter-satellite or feeder link failures in a satellite wireless communication system. Such failures can impede user equipment (UE) initiation and maintenance of air interface access stratum (AS) or non-access stratum (NAS) connections. The proposed method offers two solutions: one focused on maintaining UE AS-related signaling, and another addressing NAS connection management. Details of these solutions can be found in embodiments associated with FIG. 8, and Embodiment #A.
[0126] Solution 1: Addressing UE AS signaling related procedure
[0127] This document will initially explore the first solution: managing UE AS signaling procedures. This solution aims to enable UE to maintain or properly initiate AS or radio resource control (RRC) connection procedures during NG and / or XN failures by the following schemes:
[0128] Scenario A:
[0129] In case of an NG failure, one or both of the following is performed:
[0130] 1. UE's serving satellite radio network access node recovers the failed NG link.
[0131] 2. The UE's serving satellite radio network access node finds an alternative Xn, NG, or combined NG and Xn path between UE itself and the UE's selected control plane core network node.
[0132] This is achieved by (a) . requesting the exchange of satellite gNBs link parameters / information and (b) . gathering information about the availability of other Xn and NG links of surrounding satellite access or core network nodes. The purpose of finding these alternative paths is to carry or exchange UE NG-related procedures, such as exchanging initial UE messages, handling initial UE context setup messages, managing paging messages with the CN node. These actions ultimately help complete UE RRC connection setup procedures (refer to Embodiment in section A. 1 titled ” Addressing UE AS Procedures Impact due to NG Failure” , FIG. 8) .
[0133] Scenario B:
[0134] In case of an Xn failure, one or both of the following is performed:
[0135] 1. The UE's serving satellite radio network access node recovers the failed Xn link.
[0136] 2. The UE's serving satellite radio network access node finds an alternative Xn, NG, or combined NG and Xn path between the UE itself and the UE's last serving satellite radio network access node.
[0137] This is achieved by (a) . requesting the exchange of SATELLITE gNB LINK PARAMETERS / INFORMATION and (b) . gathering information about the availability of other Xn and NG links of surrounding satellite access or core network nodes.
[0138] The purpose of finding these alternative paths is to carry or exchange UE Xn-related procedures, such as UE retrieval context request messages or UE retrieval context response messages.
[0139] These actions ultimately help complete UE RRC connection resumption or reestablishment procedures (Refer to Embodiment titled in section A. 2 titled “Addressing UE AS connection procedures impact due to Xn failure” , FIG. 8) .
[0140] Scenario C:
[0141] In case of both Xn and NG failure, the UE's serving satellite radio network access node recovers the failed NG or Xn links.
[0142] If recovery fails, the serving satellite radio network access node rejects the UE RRC connection procedures, indicating a failure of Xn or NG.
[0143] The serving satellite radio network access node requests SATELLITE gNB LINK PARAMETERS / INFORMATION from surrounding satellite access or core network nodes to:
[0144] a. Identify which satellite access nodes were serving, are serving, or have available coverage toward the UE.
[0145] b. Determine if these nodes have an active Xn, NG, or combined NG and Xn link toward the UE's selected core network node.
[0146] When rejecting the UE RRC connection, the serving satellite radio network access node redirects the UE toward a suitable gNB based on the gathered information.
[0147] If all NG / Xn links are unavailable, the serving satellite radio network access node redirects the UE to a TN gNB node.
[0148] For detailed information, refer to Embodiment in section A. 3 titled “Addressing UE AS connection procedures impacted by Xn and NG failure when coverage toward another gNB is available or unavailable” , FIG. 8.
[0149] Scenario D:
[0150] In case of a physical and logical failure leading to gNB isolation, all surrounding satellite access and core network nodes implement periodical exchange of SATELLITE gNB LINK PARAMETERS / INFORMATION to detect failed satellite radio access nodes.
[0151] Upon detection of a failed satellite radio access node, the serving satellite radio network access node sends an AS RRC signaling or broadcast a system information block (SIB) signaling to:
[0152] 1. restrict UEs being served by the failed satellite radio access node from initiating RRC or NAS connections; and
[0153] 2. prevent UEs from initiating any physical synchronization, cell selection, or re-selection requests toward the failed satellite radio access node.
[0154] Solution 2: Addressing UE N1 NAS signaling related procedures due to delay
[0155] This solution aims to enable UE to maintain or properly and timely initiate N1 NAS connection procedures, such as 5GS mobility management and session management, during NG and / or XN failures.
[0156] In case of a prolonged NG delay, the UE's serving satellite radio network access node performs one or both of the following:
[0157] a. Recover the failed NG or XN links, or
[0158] b. Request exchange of DELAY INFORMATION for all possible NG and XN links over which the UE's N1 NAS message could be routed.
[0159] The UE's serving satellite radio network access node compares the link delays with the delay indicated within the NAS message timer.
[0160] The UE's serving satellite radio network access node selects the optimal XN and NG link combination to route the N1 NAS message based on this comparison.
[0161] For detailed information, refer to Embodiment B. 1, FIG. 8.
[0162] This disclosure provides methods to address these issues. The detailed description of the method is provided in the following.
[0163] With reference to FIG. 7, an embodiment of the disclosed wireless communication method, comprising:
[0164] Step S001: receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger a user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) state transition;
[0165] Step S002: recovering a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or finding an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link comprises a first Xn link, a first NG link, or both of the Xn link and the NG link;
[0166] wherein the recovering a failed NTN-related link comprises: initiating procedures to recover the link and routing a UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the recovered link;
[0167] wherein the finding an alternative NTN-related path comprises:
[0168] requesting satellite gNB link information from surrounding network nodes;
[0169] selecting the alternative NTN-related path based on the received satellite gNB link information; and
[0170] routing the UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the selected alternative NTN-related path.
[0171] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the first access stratum link is an XN link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a last serving satellite radio access node of the first node; and
[0172] the first non-access stratum link is an NG link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a selected access and mobility management function (AMF) of the first node.
[0173] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the first node comprises a UE, and a satellite radio access node or an access and mobility management function (AMF) performs the recovering the failed NTN-related link and the finding the alternative NTN-related path;
[0174] the signal comprises an access stratum request or a non-access stratum request from the UE; or
[0175] the signal comprises a paging message from a mobility management function (AMF) .
[0176] In some embodiments of the disclosure, in case of an NG interface failure, the method further comprises:
[0177] identifying an alternative Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG path between a serving radio access network node and a selected control plane core network node of the first node which is a UE;
[0178] exchanging at least one of: an initial UE message, an initial UE context setup message, or a paging message with a core network node to complete UE RRC connection setup procedures.
[0179] In some embodiments of the disclosure, in case of an Xn interface failure, the method further comprises:
[0180] identifying an alternative Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG path between a serving radio access network node and a last serving node of the first node which is a UE;
[0181] exchanging UE retrieval context request and response messages to complete UE RRC connection resumption or reestablishment procedures.
[0182] In some embodiments of the disclosure, in case of both Xn and NG interface failures, the method further comprises:
[0183] rejecting UE RRC connection procedures, indicating a failure of Xn or NG interface;
[0184] identifying, based on the satellite gNB link information:
[0185] a) which satellite access nodes were serving, are serving, or have available coverage toward the first node which is a UE, and
[0186] b) whether the identified nodes have an active Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG link toward a selected core network node of the first node which is a UE;
[0187] redirecting the UE toward an identified satellite gNB or a Terrestrial Network (TN) gNB node based on the identification.
[0188] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the second node is an access and mobility management function (AMF) , and a third node is a satellite radio access node;
[0189] when both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link are failed, the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform a connection request procedure over a neighboring satellite radio network access node, or
[0190] the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform the connection request procedure over a terrestrial radio access node.
[0191] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the satellite gNB link information is used to identify which satellite access nodes were serving, are serving, or have available coverage toward the first node; and / or
[0192] to determine if there is an active Xn, NG, or combined NG and Xn link toward a UE selected core network node or a last serving gNB for initiating or carrying of UE XN / NG / N1 NAS / AS related procedure over toward a last serving gNB or a selected AMF.
[0193] In some embodiments of the disclosure, to determine whether the failed NTN-related link is caused by gNB isolation in a satellite radio access network, the method further comprises:
[0194] implementing periodical exchange of satellite gNB link information among surrounding satellite access and core network nodes to detect failed satellite radio access nodes;
[0195] upon detection of a failed satellite radio access node, sending an AS RRC signaling or broadcasting a system information block (SIB) signaling to:
[0196] restrict UEs being served by the failed satellite radio access node from initiating RRC or NAS connections, and
[0197] prevent UEs from initiating any physical synchronization, cell selection, or re-selection requests toward the failed satellite radio access node.
[0198] In some embodiments of the disclosure, upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by an AMF, the AMF performs one or more of the following:
[0199] removing the isolated satellite radio access node from TA configuration;
[0200] restricting UEs from selecting the isolated satellite radio access node; and
[0201] sending NAS signaling to UEs served by the isolated satellite radio access node, restricting the UEs from initiating NAS SM / MM messages toward the isolated satellite radio access node.
[0202] In some embodiments of the disclosure, upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by a neighboring satellite radio access node, the neighboring satellite radio access node sends RRC signaling or broadcast a System Information Block (SIB) to restrict UEs served by the isolated satellite radio access node from:
[0203] initiating RRC connections;
[0204] performing physical synchronization; and / or
[0205] conducting cell selection or re-selection.
[0206] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the neighboring satellite radio access node exchanges failure information over Xn to inform other neighboring satellite gNBs to implement restrictions.
[0207] In some embodiments of the disclosure, upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by the isolated satellite radio access node itself, the isolated satellite radio access node disables all of its corresponding cells, or
[0208] sends RRC signaling or broadcast a SIB to restrict UEs from initiating connections or synchronization with the isolated satellite radio access node.
[0209] In some embodiments of the disclosure, in finding an alternative NTN-related path, the method further comprises:
[0210] a) selecting, by a serving satellite radio access node, neighboring satellite radio access node (s) with available links to the second mode which is an AMF;
[0211] b) transmitting, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE to the selected neighboring satellite radio access node;
[0212] c) transmitting, by the selected neighboring satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF;
[0213] d) confirming, by the AMF, if an NG link toward a provided satellite radio access node ID is still down or recovered;
[0214] e) if the NG link is still down:
[0215] i) preparing, by the AMF, UE context data for the serving satellite radio access node;
[0216] ii) providing the UE context data to the neighboring satellite radio access node; and
[0217] iii) forwarding, by the neighboring satellite radio access node, the UE context data via a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response back to the serving satellite radio access node;
[0218] f) if the NG link is recovered, initiating, by the AMF, a legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the serving satellite radio access node;
[0219] g) performing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a security command exchange with the UE;and
[0220] h) establishing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE session over the recovered link or other satellite radio access nodes via path switch or session migration.
[0221] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request contains one or more of:
[0222] gNB ID where UE resides during RRC setup / transition;
[0223] UE / UE group IDs transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED;
[0224] message Cause; and
[0225] concurrent UE procedures.
[0226] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the UE context data includes one or more of:
[0227] PDU session context;
[0228] security key;
[0229] UE radio capability;
[0230] UE security capabilities; and
[0231] mobility restrictions.
[0232] In an embodiment, the disclosed wireless communication method, comprises:
[0233] receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) connection , NAS SM and / or MM signaling;
[0234] determining whether to recover a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or to find an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link has a delay that exceeds a delay threshold, the failed NTN-related link comprises a first access stratum link, a first non-access stratum link, or both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link;
[0235] when recovering a failed NTN-related link, initiating procedures to recover the link and routing the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the recovered link;
[0236] when finding an alternative NTN-related path, requesting NG / Xn link delay information from surrounding network nodes;
[0237] selecting an alternative NTN-related path based on the received NG / Xn link delay information; and
[0238] routing the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the selected alternative NTN-related path.
[0239] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling comprises one or more of:
[0240] NAS MM (Mobility Management) signaling for handling UE registration management, connection management, and / or user plane connection activation / deactivation
[0241] NAS SM (Session Management) signaling for handling UE’s PDU (Packet Data Unit) sessions establishment, modification, and / or release.
[0242] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the first access stratum link is an XN link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a last serving satellite radio access node of the first node; and
[0243] the first non-access stratum link is an NG link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a selected access and mobility management function (AMF) of the first node.
[0244] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the first node comprises a UE, and a satellite radio access node or an access and mobility management function (AMF) performs the recovering the failed NTN-related link and the finding the alternative NTN-related path;
[0245] the signal comprises an access stratum request or a non-access stratum request from the UE; or
[0246] the signal comprises a paging message from a mobility management function (AMF) .
[0247] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the second node is an access and mobility management function (AMF) , and a third node is a satellite radio access node;
[0248] when both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link are failed, the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform a connection request procedure over a neighboring satellite radio network access node, or
[0249] the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform the connection request procedure over a terrestrial radio access node.
[0250] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the NG / Xn link delay information includes delays of all possible NTN-related links of neighboring satellite radio access nodes for routing NIn some embodiment of the disclosure, if the failed NTN-related link is non-recoverable after multiple attempts or a specific period, the method further comprises:
[0251] requesting exchange of the NG / Xn link delay information of neighboring satellite radio access nodes;
[0252] comparing NG / Xn Link delays of the neighboring satellite radio access nodes in the NG / Xn link delay information with an indicated NAS message timer; and
[0253] selecting an optimal XN and NG link that doesn't exceed the indicated NAS message timer for routing N1 NAS messages.
[0254] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the indicated NAS message timer source is from the UE or from an SMF or decided internally by the AMF.
[0255] In some embodiment of the disclosure, in finding an alternative NTN-related path, the method further comprises:
[0256] a) selecting, by a serving satellite radio access node, neighboring satellite radio access node (s) with available links to the second mode which is an AMF;
[0257] b) transmitting, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE to the selected neighboring satellite radio access node;
[0258] c) transmitting, by the selected neighboring satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF;
[0259] d) confirming, by the AMF, if an NG link toward a provided satellite radio access node ID is still down or recovered;
[0260] e) if the NG link is still down:
[0261] i) preparing, by the AMF, UE context data for the serving satellite radio access node;
[0262] ii) providing the UE context data to the neighboring satellite radio access node; and
[0263] iii) forwarding, by the neighboring satellite radio access node, the UE context data via a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response back to the serving satellite radio access node;
[0264] f) if the NG link is recovered, initiating, by the AMF, a legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the serving satellite radio access node;
[0265] g) performing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a security command exchange with the UE; and
[0266] h) establishing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE session over the recovered link or other satellite radio access nodes via path switch or session migration.
[0267] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request contains one or more of:
[0268] gNB ID where UE resides during RRC setup / transition;
[0269] UE / UE group IDs transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED;
[0270] message Cause; and
[0271] concurrent UE procedures.
[0272] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the UE context data includes one or more of:
[0273] PDU session context;
[0274] security key;
[0275] UE radio capability;
[0276] UE security capabilities; and
[0277] mobility restrictions.
[0278] In an embodiment, the disclosed wireless communication method, comprises:
[0279] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a user equipment (UE) ;
[0280] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, a disconnected Xn link toward a last serving satellite gNB;
[0281] initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;
[0282] upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE context exchange request toward an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) for UE context data associated with the last serving satellite gNB;
[0283] receiving, from the AMF, the UE context data to the serving satellite gNB;
[0284] resuming, by the serving satellite gNB, the RRC connection toward the UE;
[0285] establishing, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE session over a recovered link or other satellite gNBs.
[0286] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0287] if the UE context data is unavailable at the AMF, requesting, by the AMF, the UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB.
[0288] In some embodiment of the disclosure, if the serving satellite gNB needs to reconfigure the UE or push the UE to RRC_IDLE, the method further comprises:
[0289] invoking, by the AMF, configuration from the last serving satellite gNB before new UE context setup.
[0290] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0291] maintaining by the serving satellite gNB integrity protection and ciphering configurations for the UE context as previously set up in the last serving satellite gNB.
[0292] In some embodiment of the disclosure, establishing the UE session comprises performing a path switch or migrating the UE session to a new satellite gNB.
[0293] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0294] acknowledging, by the serving satellite gNB, UE context reception or new UE context setup completion to the AMF.
[0295] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0296] triggering, by the AMF, release of UE resources at the last serving satellite gNB.
[0297] In an embodiment, the disclosed wireless communication method, comprises:
[0298] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a UE, including an identity of a last serving satellite gNB;
[0299] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, an NG link failure;
[0300] initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;
[0301] upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, an exchange of satellite link parameters information request;
[0302] based on the exchanged satellite link parameters, deciding by the serving satellite gNB to:
[0303] a) perform normal UE context data retrieval from the last serving satellite gNB if there is no Xn link failure, or
[0304] b) initiate a UE context exchange request toward other neighboring satellite gNBs if both an Xn interface to the last serving satellite gNB and a feeder link to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) have failed.
[0305] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the exchange of satellite link parameters information request includes requesting information on Xn / NG Link status, UE / UE group IDs, and neighboring satellite gNB IDs.
[0306] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0307] electing, by the AMF, one or more neighboring satellite gNBs with available links to page the UE or UE groups based on the exchanged satellite link parameters.
[0308] In some embodiment of the disclosure, if the UE context data is unavailable at a neighboring satellite gNB, the method further comprises:
[0309] requesting, by the neighboring satellite gNB, the UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB.
[0310] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0311] transferring, by a neighboring satellite gNB, the received UE context data to the serving satellite gNB via a UE context exchange response over an Xn interface.
[0312] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0313] responding, by the serving satellite gNB, to the neighboring satellite gNB by either acknowledging the reception of the UE context or sending a UE context setup complete message.
[0314] In some embodiment of the disclosure, establishing the UE session comprises performing a path switch or migrating the UE session to a new satellite gNB.
[0315] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0316] triggering, by the AMF, release of UE resources at the last serving satellite gNB.
[0317] In an embodiment, the disclosed wireless communication method, comprises:
[0318] receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) connection request from a user equipment (UE) ;
[0319] detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, failures in:
[0320] a) an NG Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a selected Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , and
[0321] b) an Xn Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a last serving satellite gNB;
[0322] attempting, by the serving satellite gNB, to recover at least one of the NG Link or the Xn Link;
[0323] upon determining that neither the NG Link nor the Xn Link is recoverable, rejecting the RRC connection request, and initiating an exchange of satellite link parameters information request to neighboring satellite gNBs;
[0324] determining, based on responses which neighboring satellite gNB was or is serving the UE, and whether the neighboring satellite gNB has an active link to the UE's selected AMF;
[0325] redirecting the UE to an identified gNB with an active link or to a Terrestrial Network (TN) gNB node.
[0326] In some embodiment of the disclosure, attempting to recover at least one of the NG Link or the Xn Link comprises:
[0327] initiating an Xn link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB, or
[0328] initiating an NG link recovery request toward the AMF.
[0329] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the exchange of satellite link parameters information request includes requesting information on NG / Xn link status, gNB ID, and UE / UE group ID.
[0330] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0331] directly redirecting the UE by providing identities of all neighboring satellite gNBs without exchanging satellite link parameters information.
[0332] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0333] performing, by the UE, a setup, resume, or establishment procedure with one of:
[0334] the identified gNB with an active link,
[0335] at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs, or
[0336] a TN gNB node.
[0337] In some embodiment of the disclosure, the method further comprises:
[0338] performing, by the serving satellite gNB and the AMF, a path switch or a migration of the UE session to the identified gNB or to at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs.
[0339] This disclosure provides a method to address the disconnection or failure of inter-satellite or feeder links in a satellite wireless communication system, which may interrupt UE-associated procedures and prevent maintaining a proper connection or access to the network.
[0340] With reference to FIG. FIG. 8, the provided method includes:
[0341] Receiving by a satellite radio access network node: (a) . an RRC signaling containing an RRC request or non-access stratum (NAS) request from a user equipment (UE) and / or (b) . a network RRC or NAS triggering action from CN (Step 0) ;
[0342] Detecting by the satellite radio access network node or the CP core node a failure or logical disconnectivity of NG / Xn link connecting the serving satellite gNB to UE's selected AMF / last serving satellite gNB (Step 1a, 1b) ;
[0343] Initiating by the satellite radio access network node a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward other nodes containing the UE / UE group associated procedures and waiting for the link recovery response result. Based on the response result (Step 2a, 2b) :
[0344] (a) . If the link is recoverable, the system follows up with the rest of UE / UE group associated procedures over the recovered link as normal.
[0345] (b) . If the link is unrecoverable (e.g., after a certain time or number of tries) , at least one or more on-board neighboring satellite gNBs and / or the on-ground network node (e.g., an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) as shown in Step 3, FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 initiate an exchange of Feeder / NG or inter-satellite / Xn link status.
[0346] Based on the exchanged link status parameters and the request received from UE, the satellite radio access network node performs at least one of the following actions:
[0347] a. Perform UE / UE group associated NG link procedures over different NG / Xn links if there's a failure on the inter-satellite or feeder link;
[0348] b. Perform UE / UE group associated Xn link procedures over different Xn / NG links if there's a failure on the inter-satellite / Xn toward its last serving satellite gNB (Step 4a, 4b) ;
[0349] c. In case of both inter-satellite and feeder link failure, the satellite radio access network node skips initiating UE / UE group associated procedures request and forwards a new action / configuration to UE, indicating temporary failure of NTN access with a waiting time for UE to reinitiate the RRC / NAS connection request. Alternatively, the satellite radio access network node instructs the UE to use another access type rather than NTN access (Step 5a, 5b) .
[0350] Based on the above, the satellite radio access network node may decide to establish the UE session over the recovered link or over a link of other satellite gNBs by performing a path switch or a migration of UE session to a new satellite gNB (Step 6) .
[0351] The diagram in (FIG. 9) illustrates an exemplary scenario of exchanging satellite radio access node link parameters between the satellite gNBs and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) to address feeder or inter-satellite failures.
[0352] In FIG. figure 7, gNB1 is frequently updated with:
[0353] 1. NG2 link logical parameters interconnecting it to gNB2;
[0354] 2. Status of NG1 logical link parameters interconnecting it to gNB2's neighboring node; and / or
[0355] 3. Status of XG logical link parameters interconnecting it to the AMF.
[0356] Additionally, gNB2 is frequently updated with:
[0357] 1. NG1 logical link status interconnecting it to gNB1;
[0358] 2. Status of NG2 logical link parameters interconnecting it to gNB1's neighboring node; and / or
[0359] 3. Status of XG logical link parameters interconnecting it to the AMF.
[0360] AMF is frequently updated with:
[0361] 1. Status of XN logical interface (interconnecting two or more neighboring satellite gNBs) ;
[0362] 2. Logical link parameters of NG1 interconnecting it to gNB1; and / or
[0363] 3. Logical link parameters of NG2 interconnecting it to gNB2.
[0364] The detailed solution procedures and list of actions taken by the network node depend on the UE-specific request and the type of link failure that occurred in NTN regenerative access.
[0365] In case of a feeder link failure, the actions that could be taken by the network node to address impacted UE-related procedures due to inter-satellite link failure or NG logical interface failure are given in Table 3 and FIG. 10. The detailed solution procedures are outlined in Solution #1 and Solution #4.
[0366] Table 3: Possible Actions Taken by Network Node Due to Feeder Link Failure
[0367] In case of an inter-satellite link failure or XN logical interface failure, the solution procedures and
[0368] list of actions that could be taken by the network node are given in Table 4 and FIG. 11. The detailed solution procedures are outlined in Solution #2 and Solution #3.
[0369] Table 4: Possible Actions Taken by Network Node Due to ISL (Inter-Satellite Link) Failure
[0370] The list of SATELLITE gNB LINK PARAMETERS / INFORMATION is exchanged between the satellite gNBs and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) to trigger an XN or NG UE associated procedure and to address the feeder or inter-satellite failure. The SATELLITE gNB LINK PARAMETERS / INFORMATION may contain at least one of:
[0371] 1. Link status option 1, which may comprise one or more of:
[0372] Link error: NG / XN link protocol error;
[0373] Link Delay: NG / XN link longer delay; and
[0374] Physical ISL and / or feeder link failure.
[0375] 2. Link status option 2:
[0376] Enumerated [NG / XN link connected / alive, NG / XN link disconnected / down]
[0377] 3. Other parameters, which may comprise one or more of:
[0378] Associated (UE, UE group identities) served over the link or interface;
[0379] Satellite RAN node ID;
[0380] UE / UE group IDs; and
[0381] CP core node ID (AMF ID or SMF ID) .
[0382] Embodiments of the disclosed method may comprise additional details.
[0383] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the list of satellite link status parameters exchanged between the satellite RAN nodes and the CP Core node to address the feeder or inter-satellite failure are exchanged periodically. Alternatively, the list of satellite link status parameters are exchanged in a configurable manner every time a failure occurs.
[0384] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the list of satellite link status parameters exchanged between the satellite RAN nodes and the CP Core node are class one or class two Xn or NG general or elementary procedures (as given in Table 5) .
[0385] Table 5: NGAN / XN Class1 / 2 procedures
[0386] The method according to the above disclosure includes the following details:
[0387] In some embodiments of the disclosure, RRC connection from UE could be initiated due to:
[0388] 1. Service request;
[0389] 2. Radio link failure;
[0390] 3. Reconfiguration failure;
[0391] 4. Integrity check failure;
[0392] 5. RRC state transition;
[0393] 6. Change in physical cell ID;
[0394] 7. Mobility to a new network node; and / or
[0395] 8. Urgent uplink data transfer request.
[0396] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the network RRC triggering action could be a paging message initiated by the network for urgent incoming call and / or downlink data transfer toward a UE.
[0397] AS or radio resource control (RRC) procedures include:
[0398] 1. RRC reestablishment;
[0399] 2. RRC resume; and / or
[0400] 3. RRC setup request.
[0401] UE non-access stratum (NAS) procedures include:
[0402] 1. NAS MM (Mobility Management) signaling: For handling UE registration management, connection management, and user plane connection activation / deactivation; and / or
[0403] 2. NAS SM (Session Management) signaling: For handling UE's PDU sessions establishment, modification, and release.
[0404] The procedure for allowing UE to maintain or properly initiate AS or NAS connection procedures during NG and / or XN failure can be triggered by:
[0405] 1. Satellite radio access node; and / or
[0406] 2. On-ground control plane core network node (e.g., AMF or SMF)
[0407] Triggering actions could include:
[0408] 1. NAS MM message;
[0409] 2. NAS SM message for handling UE mobility or UE PDU session establishment; and / or
[0410] 3. Paging.
[0411] The procedure is triggered upon detection of XN and / or NG failure. The procedure involves:
[0412] 1. Exchanging UE Xn associated procedures (such as initial UE message, initial UE context setup message, and / or paging message) within NG protocol signaling
[0413] 2. Exchanging UE NG associated procedures (such as retrieval context request and response messages) within XN protocol signaling
[0414] Embodiment #A:
[0415] A. 1 Addressing UE AS Procedures Impact due to NG Failure
[0416] As mentioned in the problem section, a logical inter-satellite failure will affect UE NG-related procedures such as:
[0417] 1. Exchanging initial UE messages;
[0418] 2. Exchanging initial UE context setup messages; and
[0419] 3. Receiving paging messages between the gNB serving the UE and core network (SMF / AMF)
[0420] The logical inter-satellite failure may impact / interrupt UE paging by the network for incoming calls or downlink data. The failure may prevent UE from completing these procedures and accessing services and impact UE state transition from RRC IDLE to RRC CONNECTED. The UE state transition may be triggered by the network or the UE itself.
[0421] a) Network-triggered UE RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED transitions:
[0422] In current 5G NR terrestrial networks, to move a UE from RRC_IDLE to CONNECTED, the core network (CN) initiates paging. For successful paging, the UE's location must be known to the AMF. The UE location is identified by the set of gNBs configured within the Tracking Area (TA) allocated by the core network (SMF / AMF) for this UE. The UE can only be paged by a gNB configured within the TA configured for the UE.
[0423] In NTN regenerative access, there are two potential approaches:
[0424] 1. Reuse the TA concept currently used in TN / NTN transparent access; and
[0425] 2. Page UE via all satellite gNBs.
[0426] However, the approaches may have challenges, including:
[0427] 1. Reusing TA: It's difficult to guarantee that gNBs have an active link toward satellite gNBs where the UE exists, as TAs are fixed and not decided based on link information.
[0428] 2. Paging via all neighboring satellite gNBs: This is not network-efficient.
[0429] Therefore, in NTN regenerative access scenarios (as shown in FIG. 12) , it would be challenging for the core network (AMF) to determine which path (via gNB1, gNB2, gNB3, or a combination of two gNBs) can successfully page the UE on the first attempt.
[0430] To address this issue, two potential approaches can be considered:
[0431] 1. AMF-initiated Link Recovery:
[0432] i. AMF initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST containing the UE paging message toward the satellite gNB where the UE is currently located.
[0433] ii. AMF waits for the link recovery response / result from the gNB.
[0434] iii. Based on the LINK RECOVERY REQUEST response, the AMF decides:
[0435] a. If the link is recoverable: Follow up with the rest of UE / UE group paging over the recovered link as normal
[0436] b. If the link is not recoverable and paging fails again: AMF is configured to page UE via all neighboring satellite gNBs, even if the neighboring satellite gNBs are not configured within the Tracking Area (TA) for the UE
[0437] 2. AMF Selection Based on Link Status:
[0438] i. AMF is configured to select one or more potential neighboring satellite gNBs close to UE's last serving satellite gNB.
[0439] ii. Selection is based on the exchanged satellite gNB logical feeder link status parameters.
[0440] iii. AMF forwards the paging to the UE through these selected gNBs.
[0441] This approach increases the likelihood of the UE being successfully paged by at least one of these neighboring satellite gNBs. The new paging procedure to address NG logical interface failure in NTN regenerative access is illustrated in FIG. 13 and detailed below:
[0442] A procedure for addressing UE AS procedures impact due to NG failure is detailed in the following:
[0443] 1. AMF receives a paging request from Session Management Function (SMF) to page a UE, and detects a failure or disconnection of NG interface connecting the AMF to the gNB that serves the UE or UE groups addressed by the paging request.
[0444] 2. AMF initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST containing the UE paging message toward the satellite gNB where UE is currently located, and waits for the link recovery response / result. If the link is recoverable, AMF follows up with normal UE / UE group paging over the recovered link.
[0445] 3. If the link is unrecoverable (after a set time or number of tries) , the AMF performs:
[0446] a. Initiating an EXCHANGE SATELLITE gNB LINK INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status, UE / UE group IDs being served, and satellite gNB IDs of neighboring satellite gNBs.
[0447] b. Electing one or more neighboring satellite gNBs with available links to page the UE or UE groups.
[0448] c. Forwarding an NG PAGING EXCHANGE MESSAGE to all or selected neighboring satellite gNBs, containing one or more of:
[0449] UE identity or ID of UE groups;
[0450] Paging configuration; and
[0451] Possible indication of NG link failure.
[0452] 4. The elected neighboring satellite gNBs performs either:
[0453] a. Transmitting the NG PAGING EXCHANGE MESSAGE over Xn interface to the gNB experiencing NG interface failure, or
[0454] b. Directly forwarding an RRC paging toward the UE if the UE is under coverage of the elected neighboring satellite gNBs.
[0455] 5. The UE requests and completes RRC connection setup or resumption with the serving satellite gNB or the elected neighboring satellite gNB.
[0456] 6. The serving satellite gNB or elected neighboring satellite gNB initiates an NG service request to setup the user plane and establish the PDU session for the UE.
[0457] 7. The serving satellite gNB establishes the UE session over the recovered link or over a link of other satellite gNBs by performing a path switch or migrating the UE session to a new satellite gNB.
[0458] The method according to the embodiment in section A. 1 titled “Addressing UE AS Procedures Impact due to NG Failure” of the present disclosure may contain additional details:
[0459] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the NG paging message triggers UE to setup or resume RRC connection for receiving downlink data.
[0460] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the NG paging Message contains at least one of:
[0461] 1. UE identity addressed by the paging message;
[0462] 2. ID of a UE Group addressed by the paging message;
[0463] 3. Set of potentially elected or all neighboring satellite gNBs of the gNB experiencing NG interface failure;
[0464] 4. Indication of the reason for paging via neighboring satellite gNBs (e.g., NG failure) .
[0465] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the Xn Paging Exchange Message is an NG protocol signaling message comprising a container used to transfer the NG paging Message between two gNBs in case of an NG failure.
[0466] b) UE Triggered RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED Transitions
[0467] UE transition from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED occurs via the RRC Connection Setup procedure, consisting of three messages: RRC Setup Request (UE initiated) , RRC Setup, and RRC Setup Complete.
[0468] These procedures trigger the gNB serving the UE to initiate NG initial UE message and / or initial UE context setup procedures toward AMF.
[0469] In NTN regenerative access, if a satellite gNB experiences a logical NG interface failure or feeder link change, the exchange of initial UE message and / or initial UE context setup procedures between the satellite gNB and AMF will fail. This could prevent the UE from properly transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED state, hindering service requests and data transmission.
[0470] Two approaches can be used to address this issue:
[0471] 1. Link Recovery Attempt:
[0472] UE's serving satellite gNB initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the AMF. The serving satellite gNB waits for the link recovery response. If link is recoverable, the serving satellite gNB follows up with the rest of UE NG RRC setup procedure over the recovered link.
[0473] 2. Neighboring gNB Assistance:
[0474] UE's serving satellite gNB initiates an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status of neighboring satellite gNBs. Based on this information, the serving satellite gNB sends a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to selected gNB (s) . The selected gNB(s) may comprise:
[0475] a) All neighboring satellite gNBs, or
[0476] b) A gNB not experiencing a logical NG interface failure with an AMF.
[0477] The selected gNB transmits UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF. The AMF prepares UE context data associated with UE's serving satellite gNB and provides it to the neighboring satellite gNB. The neighboring satellite gNB forwards this UE context data back to the serving satellite gNB via UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response.
[0478] Alternatively, if NG interface becomes available (as indicated by periodical SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS message) , the AMF initiates a legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the UE serving satellite gNB
[0479] The detailed procedure is depicted in FIG. 14:
[0480] A.2 Addressing UE AS connection procedures impact due to Xn failure
[0481] A procedure for addressing UE AS procedures impact due to NG failure is illustrated in the following.
[0482] 1. A serving satellite gNB of the UE receives an RRC Setup Request from the UE and detects a failure of NG Link connecting to a selected AMF.
[0483] 2. The serving satellite gNB initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the selected AMF and waits for response. If recoverable, the serving satellite gNB sets up UE context data with the AMF as indicated.
[0484] 3. If link is unrecoverable (after set time / tries) , gNB initiates an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status, UE / UE group IDs, and neighboring satellite gNB IDs. The serving satellite gNB then selects neighboring satellite gNB (s) with available links to AMF and transmits UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE to the selected neighboring satellite gNB.
[0485] 4. The selected neighboring satellite gNB transmits UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF.
[0486] 5. The AMF confirms if NG link toward provided gNB ID is still down or recovered.
[0487] 6a. If still down: The AMF prepares UE context data for the serving satellite gNB, provides the UE context data to neighboring satellite gNB. The neighboring satellite gNB forwards the UE context data via UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response back the serving satellite gNB.
[0488] 6b. If recovered: The AMF initiates legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the serving satellite gNB.
[0489] 7. The serving satellite gNB performs security command exchange with the UE.
[0490] 8. The serving satellite gNB establishes UE session over recovered link or other satellite gNBs via path switch or session migration.
[0491] 9. The UE sends RRC complete message to gNB for successful RRC setup.
[0492] The method according to embodiment of in section A. 1 “Addressing UE AS Procedures Impact due to NG Failure” of the present disclosure may comprise additional details.
[0493] In some embodiments of the disclosure, UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request (XN or NG protocol) contains one or more of:
[0494] 1. gNB ID where UE resides during RRC setup / transition
[0495] 2. UE / UE group IDs transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED
[0496] 3. Message Cause (e.g., NG failure)
[0497] 4. Concurrent UE procedures
[0498] The message cause indicates the reason for triggering the procedure e.g., NG failure. Concurrent UE procedures refer to the association between:
[0499] 1. Radio interface procedures triggered by the UE, and
[0500] 2. Corresponding NG interface procedures.
[0501] For example, a UE RRC setup request (radio interface) triggers a UE initial message (NG interface) procedure.
[0502] UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response (XN or NG protocol) is used to exchange UE context data. The UE context data ensures connectivity, session management, mobility, QoS, and security between UE and 5G networks. The UE context data includes one or more of:
[0503] 1. PDU session context
[0504] 2. Security Key
[0505] 3. UE Radio Capability
[0506] 4. UE Security Capabilities
[0507] 5. Mobility restrictions
[0508] NG LINK RECOVERY REQUEST is an NG protocol message used to attempt resolution of an NG link failure. NG LINK RECOVERY REQUEST contains UE or core network NG-related procedures triggered during the failure. Examples of NG LINK RECOVERY REQUEST include UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE or UE paging messages.
[0509] NG LINK RECOVERY RESPONSE is an NG protocol message triggered in response to the recovery request. NG LINK RECOVERY RESPONSE indicates the result of the recovery attempt. NG LINK RECOVERY RESPONSE specifies if the NG link failure has been resolved. NG LINK RECOVERY RESPONSE indicates if UE NG-related procedures have been successfully delivered over the recovered link. UE NG-related procedures may include UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE or UE paging messages.
[0510] A. 2 Addressing UE AS Connection Procedures Impact due to Xn Failure
[0511] a) UE Resume / RRC Re-establishment with Single XN
[0512] A logical failure of inter-satellite link or Xn interface can lead to discontinuity or loss of connection between the satellite gNB currently serving (or about to serve) the UE and the last satellite gNB that served the UE. In scenarios where there's only one route (or Xn interface) between these gNBs (as shown in FIG. 15) , such a logical Xn interface failure may impact the exchange of Xn protocol messages, such as UE context retrieval request and response messages between the gNBs serving UE.
[0513] This failure may prevent UE from RRC resuming or re-establishing the RRC connection after a radio link failure, reconfiguration failure, and / or an integrity check failure.
[0514] To address this issue, two schemes may be utilized.
[0515] 1. Link Recovery Attempt:
[0516] The serving satellite gNB of the UE initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last serving satellite gNB of the UE and waits for the link recovery response. If recoverable, the serving satellite gNB proceed with UE XN RRC resume / reestablishment procedure over the recovered link.
[0517] 2. Alternative Path via AMF:
[0518] If the link is unrecoverable, the serving satellite gNB of the UE initiates an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status of neighboring satellite gNBs. Based on link status, the serving satellite gNB initiates UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE REQUEST toward the AMF. The AMF requests UE / UEs context from the last serving satellite gNB over NG interface via UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE REQUEST / RESPONSE. The AMF provides context to the current serving satellite gNB over NG1 interface via UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE RESPONSE.
[0519] The detailed procedures to address UE RRC connection resume or re-establishment impacted by inter-satellite logical link failure are illustrated in FIG. 16 and detailed below:
[0520] 1. UE performs an RRC resume from RRC_INACTIVE or re-establishes an RRC connection due to connection loss to a new gNB.
[0521] 2. The serving satellite gNB of the UE detects disconnected Xn link toward last serving satellite gNB. The serving satellite gNB initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last UE serving satellite gNB and waits for response.
[0522] 3. If link is recoverable, the serving satellite gNB retrieves UE context data as indicated by the last serving satellite gNB's response.
[0523] 4. If link is unrecoverable (after set time / tries) , the serving satellite gNB may initiate UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE REQUEST toward AMF for UE / UEs context data associated with the last serving satellite gNB.
[0524] 5. The AMF determines if UE context data associated with last serving satellite gNB is available.
[0525] 6a. If unavailable, AMF may request UE context from last serving satellite gNB.
[0526] 6b. AMF transfers received UE context data to current / new gNB via UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE RESPONSE over NG interface. Alternatively, the AMF may initiate new UE context setup. If new gNB needs to reconfigure UE (e.g., with a new DRX cycle or RNA area) or push the UE to RRC_IDLE, the AMF may invoke configuration from last serving satellite gNB before new UE context setup. The integrity protection and ciphering configurations for the UE context must be maintained as they were previously set up in the last serving satellite gNB.
[0527] 6c. The new gNB acknowledges UE context reception or new UE context setup completion to AMF.
[0528] 7. Upon receiving UE context data, the new gNB resumes RRC connection toward UE.
[0529] 8. The serving satellite gNB establishes UE session over recovered link or other satellite gNBs via path switch or session migration.
[0530] 9. The AMF triggers release of UE resources at last serving satellite gNB.
[0531] b) UE Resume / RRC Re-establishment with Multiple XN
[0532] With reference to FIG. 17, for scenarios with multiple routes (or Xn interfaces) available from the last serving satellite gNB to the current UE serving satellite gNB, e.g., via third-party neighboring satellite gNBs, the following procedure can prevent UE procedures from being affected by inter-satellite link (XN) failure.
[0533] The serving satellite gNB of the UE initiates a LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last serving satellite gNB and awaits response. The response indicate whether the link is recoverable or not.
[0534] If the link is recoverable, the serving satellite gNB proceeds with UE / UE group NG RRC resume / re-establishment procedure over the recovered link.
[0535] If unrecoverable, the serving satellite gNB initiates an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status of neighboring satellite gNBs.
[0536] Based on this information, the serving satellite gNB may initiate a UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE REQUEST message toward any third-party neighboring satellite gNBs to obtain UE / UEs context data.
[0537] This approach is particularly useful if there's a simultaneous failure of the feeder link connecting the last serving satellite gNB to the AMF and the inter-satellite link (XN) failure.
[0538] The detailed procedures to address UE / UEs RRC re-establishment or resumption impacted by inter-satellite link failure in case of multiple available XN between current and last serving satellite gNBs are illustrated in FIG. 18 and detailed below:
[0539] 1. UE performs RRC resume from RRC_INACTIVE or re-establishes RRC connection due to connection loss to a new gNB, providing the identity of the last serving satellite gNB. The serving satellite gNB detects NG Link failure.
[0540] 2. The serving satellite gNB initiates LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last serving satellite gNB and wait for response. The response indicate whether the link is recoverable or not. If recoverable, the serving satellite gNB retrieves UE context data as indicated by the last serving satellite gNB's response.
[0541] 3. If unrecoverable (after set time / tries) , the serving satellite gNB initiates EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request for XN / NG Link status, UE / UE group IDs, and neighboring satellite gNB IDs. Based on response, the AMF elects one or more neighboring satellite gNBs with available links to page UE / UE groups.
[0542] 4. The new gNB decides based on exchanged satellite link parameters to:
[0543] a) Perform normal UE Context data retrieval from last serving satellite gNB if no Xn link failure.
[0544] b) Initiate UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE REQUEST toward other neighboring satellite gNBs if both XN interface to last serving satellite gNB and feeder link to AMF have failed. The XN interface connects the last serving satellite gNB to the serving satellite gNB. The feeder link connects the last serving satellite gNB to the AMF.
[0545] 5. The neighboring satellite gNB determines if UE context data associated with last serving satellite gNB for this UE / UE groups is available.
[0546] 6a. If UE context data associated with last serving satellite gNB for this UE / UE groups is unavailable, the neighboring satellite gNB may request UE context from last serving satellite gNB.
[0547] 6b. The neighboring satellite gNB receives the UE context data associated with last serving satellite gNB for this UE / UE groups from the AMF and transfers received UE context data to current / new gNB via UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE RESPONSE over XN interface.
[0548] 6c. The new satellite gNB may respond to the neighboring satellite gNB by either acknowledging the reception of the UE context or sending a UE context setup complete message.
[0549] 7. Upon receiving UE context data, the new gNB resumes or re-establishes RRC connection with UE.
[0550] 8. The new serving satellite gNB establishes UE session over recovered link or other satellite gNBs via path switch or session migration.
[0551] 9. The AMF triggers release of UE resources at the last serving satellite gNB.
[0552] The method according to the embodiment A. 2 titled “Addressing UE AS connection procedures impact due to Xn failure” of the present disclosure may have additional features:
[0553] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE request is an XN or NG protocol message used to exchange NG-associated UE / UEs procedure information (e.g., UE initial message) between two gNBs or between a gNB and AMF. The request contains at least one of the following:
[0554] 1. gNB ID where the UE / UEs were residing when performing UE RRC connection resume or RRC reestablishment.
[0555] 2. UE / UE group IDs: identities of the UE / UEs performing the RRC state transition from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED.
[0556] 3. Message Cause: indicating the reason for triggering the procedure (e.g., XN failure) .
[0557] 4. Concurrent UE procedures: the association between the radio interface procedure triggered by the UE and the XN interface procedure (e.g., UE context retrieval for UE RRC connection resume or RRC reestablishment) .
[0558] The UE CONTEXT EXCHANGE response is an XN or NG protocol message used to exchange UE / UEs context data between two gNBs or between a gNB and an AMF.
[0559] The Xn LINK RECOVERY REQUEST is an Xn protocol message used to resolve an Xn link failure. It contains the UE Xn-related procedures that were triggered during the failure, such as UE context retrieval messages.
[0560] The Xn LINK RECOVERY RESPONSE is an Xn protocol message triggered as a response to indicate the result of the recovery. It specifies whether the Xn link failure has been resolved and whether UE Xn-related procedures, such as UE context retrieval messages, have been successfully delivered over the recovered link.
[0561] A. 3 Addressing UE AS connection procedures impacted by Xn and NG failure when coverage toward another gNB is available or unavailable
[0562] a) NG failure when coverage toward another gNB is available or unavailable
[0563] The failure of both Xn (or inter-satellite link) and NG (or feeder link) can lead to disconnection or temporary loss of connection between the satellite gNB serving the UE, the last gNB serving the UE (Xn) , and its selected AMF. If such an NG / Xn failure is unrecoverable when the UE initiates an inactive / connected RRC connection request toward its serving satellite gNB and / or its selected AMF, the gNB may be unable to complete the UE RRC connection request due to inability to retrieve UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB and / or inability to initiate new UE context data setup with its selected AMF (as shown in FIG. 5) .
[0564] This issue becomes more severe when coverage toward another satellite gNB is unavailable for the UE. To address this case, two schemes may be utilized:
[0565] Scheme 1: UE's serving satellite gNB / selected AMF, based on UE request type or CN indication, attempts recovery of at least one link (either Xn or NG) by initiating:
[0566] 1. An XN LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last UE serving satellite gNB, or
[0567] 2. An NG LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward AMF
[0568] If at least one link is recoverable, UE-related NG / Xn procedures could be carried over it as described in solutions 1 and 2.
[0569] If neither NG nor Xn links are recoverable, the UE's serving satellite gNB / selected AMF may reject the RRC request for UE, indicating an Xn or NG failure. The gNB / AMF may initiate an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request toward its neighboring satellite gNB. Based on the response to EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION (including NG / Xn link status, gNB ID, and UE ID) , the UE's serving satellite gNB / selected AMF can determine:
[0570] 1. Which neighboring satellite gNB was or is serving the UE; and / or
[0571] 2. Whether it has an active link toward UE's selected AMF.
[0572] When rejecting the RRC request, the serving satellite gNB may redirect the UE toward the identified gNB, or redirect the UE to a TN gNB node if all NG / Xn links are unavailable.
[0573] Alternatively, the serving satellite gNB may directly redirect the UE by providing the identity of all neighboring satellite gNBs without an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION.
[0574] The detail of such procedures is illustrated in FIG. 19 and is detailed as given below.
[0575] 1. The UE initiates an RRC connection request to the serving satellite gNB from RRC_INACTIVE or RRC_IDLE state. The serving satellite gNB detects failures in:
[0576] (a) . the NG Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and selected AMF; and
[0577] (b) . the Xn Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and the last serving satellite gNB.
[0578] 2. Based on UE request type or CN indication, the serving satellite gNB attempts to recover at least one link (either Xn or NG) by initiating:
[0579] (a) . An XN LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward the last UE serving satellite gNB, or
[0580] (b) . An NG LINK RECOVERY REQUEST toward AMF.
[0581] If at least one link is recoverable, UE-related NG / Xn procedures can be carried out as described in solutions 1 and 2.
[0582] 3. If neither NG nor Xn links are recoverable, the UE's serving satellite gNB / selected AMF may reject the RRC request, indicating an Xn or NG failure. The gNB / AMF may initiate an EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION request to neighboring satellite gNBs.
[0583] 4. Based on the EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION response (including NG / Xn link status, gNB ID, and UE ID) , the UE's serving satellite gNB / selected AMF can determine:
[0584] (a) . Which neighboring satellite gNB was or is serving the UE; and
[0585] (b) . Whether it has an active link to the UE's selected AMF.
[0586] When rejecting the RRC request, the serving satellite gNB may redirect the UE to the identified gNB with an active link, or redirect the UE to a TN gNB node if all NG / Xn links are unavailable.
[0587] Alternatively, the serving satellite gNB may directly redirect the UE by providing identities of all neighboring satellite gNBs without EXCHANGE SATELLITE LINK PARAMETERS INFORMATION.
[0588] 5. The UE performs Setup / Resume / Establishment with the specific satellite gNB, or at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs, or a TN gNB node (in case of NTN and TN coexistence) .
[0589] 6. The serving satellite gNB and AMF perform a path switch or a migration of the UE session to the specific satellite gNB or to at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs
[0590] b) Failure due to physical or hardware issues of a satellite gNB leading to total isolation of the gNB
[0591] A potential solution allows neighboring satellite gNBs to detect failed satellites. This could be achieved through periodic exchange of satellite gNB status and link status information, including one or more of:
[0592] 1. Physical ISL and / or feeder link status;
[0593] 2. UE / UE group IDs;
[0594] 3. Satellite gNB IDs; and
[0595] 4. AMF ID.
[0596] Based on this information, neighboring satellite gNBs or the AMF can detect failed gNBs. For example, if an AMF or neighboring satellite gNB detects a satellite gNB experiencing physical failure of both the feeder link and ISL link toward multiple satellite gNBs for an extended period, that gNB can be considered failed or isolated.
[0597] Upon detection of an isolated gNB:
[0598] 1. If detected by AMF, the AMF performs one or more of the following:
[0599] i. Remove the gNB from TA configuration;
[0600] ii. Restrict UEs from selecting the failed gNB; and
[0601] iii. Send NAS signaling to UEs served by the gNB, restricting them from initiating NAS SM / MM messages toward the failed gNB.
[0602] 2. If detected by a neighboring satellite gNB, the neighboring satellite gNB performs one or more of the following:
[0603] i. Send RRC signaling or broadcast a System Information Block (SIB) to restrict UEs served by the failed gNB from:
[0604] a) Initiating RRC connections;
[0605] b) Performing physical synchronization; and / or
[0606] c) Conducting cell selection or re-selection.
[0607] ii. Exchange failure information over Xn to inform other neighboring satellite gNBs to implement similar restrictions.
[0608] Alternatively, if the isolated serving satellite gNB detects its own failure (feeder / NG and ISL / Xn or any other physical failure preventing access to AMFs or neighboring cells) , the isolated serving satellite gNB may:
[0609] 1. Disable all of its corresponding cells, or
[0610] 2. Send RRC signaling or broadcast a SIB to restrict UEs from initiating connections or synchronization with the isolated serving satellite gNB.
[0611] The details of these procedures are illustrated in FIG. 20 and elaborated below.
[0612] 1. AMF and neighboring satellite gNBs periodically exchange satellite gNB status and link status information, including one or more of:
[0613] 1. Physical ISL and / or feeder link status;
[0614] 2. UE / UE group IDs;
[0615] 3. Satellite gNB IDs; and
[0616] 4. AMF ID.
[0617] 2a / 2b. Based on this information, the neighboring satellite gNB or AMF may detect a failed gNB. For example, if an AMF or neighboring satellite gNB detects a satellite gNB experiencing physical failure of both the feeder link and ISL link toward multiple satellite gNBs for an extended period, that gNB is considered failed or isolated.
[0618] 3a / 3b. Upon detection of an isolated gNB by AMF, the AMF may perform one or more of the following:
[0619] 1. Remove the gNB from TA configuration;
[0620] 2. Restrict UEs from selecting the failed gNB; and
[0621] 3. Send NAS signaling to UEs served by the gNB, restricting them from initiating NAS SM / MM messages toward the failed gNB.
[0622] 4a / 4b. If a neighboring satellite gNB detects the isolated gNB, the neighboring satellite gNB may:
[0623] 1. Send RRC signaling or broadcast a System Information Block (SIB) to restrict UEs served by the failed gNB from one or more of the following operations:
[0624] (a) . Initiating RRC connections;
[0625] (b) . Performing physical synchronization; and
[0626] (c) . conducting cell selection or re-selection.
[0627] 2. Exchange failure information over Xn to inform other neighboring satellite gNBs to implement similar restrictions
[0628] 5a / 5b. Alternatively, the isolated serving satellite gNB may detect its own failure. Upon detecting a failure of its feeder / NG and ISL (XN) links or any other physical failure preventing access to AMFs or neighboring cells, the isolated serving satellite gNB may:
[0629] 1. Disable all of its corresponding cells, or
[0630] 3. Send RRC signaling or broadcast a SIB to restrict UEs from one or more of the following operations:
[0631] (a) . Initiating RRC connections;
[0632] (b) . Performing physical synchronization; and
[0633] (c) . conducting cell selection or re-selection toward it.
[0634] The method according to section A. 3 of the present disclosure may comprise additional features.
[0635] In some embodiments of the disclosure, the RRC connection request is one of:
[0636] 1. RRC Setup;
[0637] 2. RRC Resume; or
[0638] 3. RRC Establishment.
[0639] The Setup / Resume / Establishment response is an RRC reject with redirection configuration sent:
[0640] 1. To a specific satellite gNB selected based on link status information;
[0641] 2. To all neighboring satellite gNBs of the UE's serving satellite gNB; or
[0642] 3. To gNB TN nodes in case of NTN and TN coexistence.
[0643] Embodiment #B:
[0644] B. 1 UE procedures impacted by serving satellite gNB NG failure and longer delays on other NG paths:
[0645] To avoid impacting UE N1 NAS signaling-related procedures (such as 5GS mobility management and session management) in scenarios where the UE's serving satellite NG fails and other routed NG paths experience delays exceeding NAS timer values for satellite NG-RAN access, the following approach can be taken:
[0646] 1. Attempt NG interface recovery:
[0647] One scheme is to recover NG interface. The serving satellite gNB or the selected AMF tries to recover the failed NG interface.
[0648] If recovered, provide UE N1 NAS-SM / SM signaling over it as normal.
[0649] 2. Exchange of neighboring satellite gNBs'NG / Xn Link delay information:
[0650] If NG interface is non-recoverable (after multiple attempts or a specific period) , the serving satellite gNB or selected AMF requests exchange of neighboring satellite gNBs'NG / Xn Link delay information. This information includes delays of all possible NG+XN links of neighboring satellite gNBs over which N1 messages could be routed.
[0651] 3. Optimal link selection:
[0652] The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF compares neighboring satellite gNBs'NG / Xn Link delays with the indicated NAS message timer.
[0653] The timer source of the NAS message (referred to as NAS message timer source) may be from UE if NAS is transferred from UE. The NAS message timer source may be from SMF or decided internally by AMF if NAS is transferred from CN.
[0654] The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF selects the optimal XN and NG link that doesn't exceed the provided NAS message timer for routing the UE / CN N1 NAS message.
[0655] 4. Response and routing:
[0656] The serving satellite gNB responds to UE RRC signaling. A rout of PDU session of the UE can be decided to be either the recovered NG link, or the selected optimal XN and NG links.
[0657] The detailed signaling for addressing this case is illustrated in FIG. 21 and described below.
[0658] 0. Initial Trigger: The serving satellite gNB of the UE receives RRC signaling from UE triggering transfer of an N1 UE NAS-SM / MM message to a selected AMF over NG, or the selected AMF receives action triggering transfer of an N1 UE NAS-SM / MM message from CN to the serving satellite gNB over NG. The UE or CN may indicate the NAS message timer associated with the messages to be transferred over N1 to the serving satellite gNB or selected AMF.
[0659] 1a / 1b. Failure Detection: The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF detects NG Link failure preventing UE NAS message transfer between the serving satellite gNB and selected AMF.
[0660] 2. Initial Recovery Attempt: The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF attempts to recover the failed NG interface.
[0661] If successful, the serving satellite gNB or selected AMF provides UE N1 NAS-SM / SM signaling over recovered link as normal procedure.
[0662] 3. Alternative Route Search: If NG interface is non-recoverable after multiple attempts or a specific period, the serving satellite gNB or selected AMF requests exchange of NG / Xn Link delay information of neighboring satellite gNBs to avoid impacting the initiated UE N1 NAS signalling related procedures by UE or CN. The NG / Xn Link delay information includes delays of all possible NG+XN links of neighboring satellite gNBs for N1 message routing.
[0663] 4. Optimal Link Selection: The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF compares neighboring satellite gNBs'NG / Xn Link delays with indicated NAS message timer. The NAS message timer source may be from UE if the NAS message is transferred from UE. The NAS message timer source may be from SMF or decided internally by AMF if the NAS message is from CN. The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF selects optimal XN and NG link not exceeding provided NAS message timer for routing UE / CN N1 NAS message.
[0664] 5. RRC signaling response: The serving satellite gNB responds to UE RRC signaling.
[0665] 6. Route Decision: The serving satellite gNB or selected AMF decides a route for UE PDU session based on
[0666] 1. Recovered NG link, or
[0667] 2. Selected optimal XN and NG links (in case of NAS-MM signaling) .
[0668] The method according to section B. 1 of the present disclosure, wherein the N1 UE NAS-SM / MM message is at least one of the messages listed below:
[0669] With reference to FIG. 22, a UE 100 may include a processor 11a, a memory 12a, and a transceiver 13a. The processor 11a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 12a, to cause UE 100 in which the processor 11 is installed to execute the disclosed method, steps, and / or functions of a UE. The UE 100 is an example of the UEs (e.g., UE1 and UE2) . The transceiver 13a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0670] With reference to FIG. 23, the network node 20 is a network device and may include a processor 21a, a memory 22a, and a transceiver 23a. The processor 21a is configured to call and run a computer program stored in the memory 22a, to cause network node 20 in which the processor 21 is installed to execute the method, steps, and / or functions of a network node. The network node 20 is an example of the NG-RAN, gNB, on-board gNB 20b, UPF 30b, AMF 30c, and SMF 30d, PCF 30e. The transceiver 23a may include baseband circuitry and radio frequency (RF) circuitry.
[0671] With reference to FIG. 24, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides a chip 700 that may correspond to a user equipment, such as UE1 or UE2, in the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 700 may implement a corresponding process realized by the user equipment in various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 700 includes a processor 701, and the processor 701 may call and run a computer program from memory to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0672] Optionally, the chip 700 may also include a memory 702. In particular, the processor 701 may call and run the computer program from the memory 702 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0673] Moreover, the memory 702 may be a separate device from the processor 701 or may be integrated into the processor 701.
[0674] Optionally, the chip 700 may further include an input interface 703. Note that the processor 701 may control the input interface 703 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0675] Optionally, the chip 700 may further include an output interface 704. Note that the processor 701 may control the output interface 704 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0676] With reference to FIG. 25, the embodiment of the disclosure also provides another chip 800 that may correspond to a network node in the embodiment of the disclosure, and the chip 800 may implement the corresponding processes implemented by the network node in the various methods of the embodiments of the disclosure. The chip 800 includes a processor 801, and the processor 801 may call and run a computer program from the memory 802 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0677] Optionally, the chip 800 may further include a memory 802. In particular, the processor 801 may call and run the computer program from the memory 802 to implement the methods in the embodiments of the present application.
[0678] Wherein the memory 802 may be a separate device from the processor 801 or may be integrated into the processor 801.
[0679] Optionally, the chip 800 may also include an input interface 803. In particular, the processor 801 may control the input interface 803 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to obtain messages or data sent by other devices or chips.
[0680] Optionally, the chip may further include an output interface 804. In particular, the processor 801 may control the output interface 804 to communicate with other devices or chips, specifically, to output messages or data to other devices or chips.
[0681] It should be understood that the processor in the embodiments of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capabilities. In implementation, the steps of the above method embodiments may be accomplished through integrated logic circuits in the form of hardware in the processor or instructions in the form of software. The processor described above may be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) , or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, and discrete hardware components. Various methods, steps, and logic block diagrams of the disclosure in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented or performed. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or the processor may also be any conventional processor, etc. The steps of the methods disclosed in conjunction with the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied in and performed by a hardware decoding processor, or performed with a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor. The software module may be located in random memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers, and other storage media well established in the art. The storage medium is located in memory, and the processor reads the messages in the memory and realize the steps of the method described above in combination with its hardware.
[0682] It will be appreciated that the memory in an embodiment of the present application may be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Among other things, the non-volatile memory may be Read-Only Memory (ROM) , Programmable ROM (PROM) , Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM) , Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (Electrically EPROM, EEPROM) or flash memory. The volatile memory may be Random Access Memory (RAM) , which is used as an external cache. For example, not for limiting, many forms of RAM are available, such as Static RAM (SRAM) , Dynamic RAM (DRAM) , Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) , Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRAM) , Double Data Rate SDRAM (DDRAM) , Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM) , Synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM) , and Direct Rambus RAM (DR RAM) . It should be noted that the memory of the systems and methods described herein is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.
[0683] Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product comprising computer program instructions.
[0684] Optionally, the computer program product may be applied to the network nodes in the embodiment of the disclosure, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network nodes in the various methods of the embodiment of the disclosure, which are not described herein for brevity.
[0685] Optionally, the computer program product may be applied to the user equipment (s) in the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program instructions cause the computer to perform the corresponding processes realized by the user equipment (s) in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application, which are not repeated herein for brevity.
[0686] An embodiment of the disclosures also provides a computer program.
[0687] Optionally, the computer program may be applied to the network nodes in the embodiment of the present application, and when the computer program is run on the computer, causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes implemented by the network nodes in the various methods of the embodiment of the present application, which are not described herein for the sake of brevity.
[0688] Optionally, the computer program may be applied to the user equipment (s) in the embodiments of the present application, and when the computer program is run on the computer, causes the computer to execute the corresponding processes realized by the user equipment (s) in the respective methods of the embodiments of the present application, which will not be repeated herein for brevity.
[0689] One of ordinary skill in the art may realize that the units and algorithmic steps described in conjunction with the various examples of the embodiments disclosed herein are capable of being implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints of the technical solution. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for each particular application, but such implementations should not be considered outside the scope of this application.
[0690] Those skilled in the art may appreciate that, for the convenience and brevity of the description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated herein.
[0691] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the systems, devices and methods disclosed can be realized in other ways. For example, the above-described implementations of the device are merely schematic, e.g., the division of the unit, which is merely a logical functional division, may be divided in other ways when actually implemented, e.g., multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored, or not implemented. Additionally, the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, which may be electrical, mechanical or otherwise.
[0692] The unit illustrated as a separated component may or may not be physically separated, and the component shown as a unit may or may not be a physical unit, i.e., it may be located in one place, or it may be distributed over a plurality of network units. Some or all of these units may be selected to fulfill the purpose of the present embodiment scheme according to actual needs.
[0693] Additionally, each functional unit in various embodiments of the present application may be integrated in a single processing unit, or each unit may exist as a separate entity, or two or more units may be integrated in a single unit.
[0694] The functionality, when implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be embodied in the form of a software product that is essentially or contributes to the prior art, or portions of the technical solution may be embodied in the form of a software product that is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc. ) to perform all or some of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. all or some of the steps of the various embodiments of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium is a non-volatile storage medium, including a portable disk, a removable hard disk, a read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM) , a random-access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM) , a magnetic disk, or a CD-ROM, and other media in which the program code can be stored.
[0695] While the present disclosure has been described in connection with what is considered the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the disclosed embodiments but is intended to cover various arrangements made without departing from the scope of the broadest interpretation of the appended claims.
Claims
1.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger a user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) state transition; andrecovering a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or finding an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link comprises a first Xn link, a first NG link, or both of the Xn link and the NG link;wherein the recovering a failed NTN-related link comprises: initiating procedures to recover the link and routing a UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the recovered link;wherein the finding an alternative NTN-related path comprises:requesting satellite gNB link information from surrounding network nodes;selecting the alternative NTN-related path based on the received satellite gNB link information; androuting the UE-related access stratum (AS) procedure through the selected alternative NTN-related path.2.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the first access stratum link is an XN link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a last serving satellite radio access node of the first node; andthe first non-access stratum link is an NG link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a selected access and mobility management function (AMF) of the first node.3.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the first node comprises a UE, and a satellite radio access node or an access and mobility management function (AMF) performs the recovering the failed NTN-related link and the finding the alternative NTN-related path;the signal comprises an access stratum request or a non-access stratum request from the UE; orthe signal comprises a paging message from a mobility management function (AMF) .4.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein in case of an NG interface failure, the method further comprises:identifying an alternative Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG path between a serving radio access network node and a selected control plane core network node of the first node which is a UE;exchanging at least one of: an initial UE message, an initial UE context setup message, or a paging message with a core network node to complete UE RRC connection setup procedures.5.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein in case of an Xn interface failure, the method further comprises:identifying an alternative Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG path between a serving radio access network node and a last serving node of the first node which is a UE;exchanging UE retrieval context request and response messages to complete UE RRC connection resumption or reestablishment procedures.6.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein in case of both Xn and NG interface failures, the method further comprises:rejecting UE RRC connection procedures, indicating a failure of Xn or NG interface;identifying, based on the satellite gNB link information:a) which satellite access nodes were serving, are serving, or have available coverage toward the first node which is a UE, andb) whether the identified nodes have an active Xn, NG, or combined Xn and NG link toward a selected core network node of the first node which is a UE;redirecting the UE toward an identified satellite gNB or a Terrestrial Network (TN) gNB node based on the identification.7.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the second node is an access and mobility management function (AMF) , and a third node is a satellite radio access node;when both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link are failed, the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform a connection request procedure over a neighboring satellite radio network access node, orthe second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform the connection request procedure over a terrestrial radio access node.8.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein the satellite gNB link information is used to identify which satellite access nodes were serving, are serving, or have available coverage toward the first node; and / orto determine if there is an active Xn, NG, or combined NG and Xn link toward a UE selected core network node or a last serving gNB for initiating or carrying of UE XN / NG / N1 NAS / AS related procedure over toward a last serving gNB or a selected AMF.9.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein to determine whether the failed NTN-related link is caused by gNB isolation in a satellite radio access network, the method further comprises:implementing periodical exchange of satellite gNB link information among surrounding satellite access and core network nodes to detect failed satellite radio access nodes;upon detection of a failed satellite radio access node, sending an AS RRC signaling or broadcasting a system information block (SIB) signaling to:restrict UEs being served by the failed satellite radio access node from initiating RRC or NAS connections, andprevent UEs from initiating any physical synchronization, cell selection, or re-selection requests toward the failed satellite radio access node.10.The wireless communication method of claim 9, wherein upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by an AMF, the AMF performs one or more of the following:removing the isolated satellite radio access node from TA configuration;restricting UEs from selecting the isolated satellite radio access node; andsending NAS signaling to UEs served by the isolated satellite radio access node, restricting the UEs from initiating NAS SM / MM messages toward the isolated satellite radio access node.11.The wireless communication method of claim 9, wherein upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by a neighboring satellite radio access node, the neighboring satellite radio access node sends RRC signaling or broadcast a System Information Block (SIB) to restrict UEs served by the isolated satellite radio access node from:initiating RRC connections;performing physical synchronization; and / orconducting cell selection or re-selection.12.The wireless communication method of claim 11, wherein the neighboring satellite radio access node exchanges failure information over Xn to inform other neighboring satellite gNBs to implement restrictions.13.The wireless communication method of claim 9, wherein upon detection of an isolated satellite radio access node by the isolated satellite radio access node itself, the isolated satellite radio access node disables all of its corresponding cells, orsends RRC signaling or broadcast a SIB to restrict UEs from initiating connections or synchronization with the isolated satellite radio access node.14.The wireless communication method of claim 1, wherein in finding an alternative NTN-related path, the method further comprises:a) selecting, by a serving satellite radio access node, neighboring satellite radio access node (s) with available links to the second mode which is an AMF;b) transmitting, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE to the selected neighboring satellite radio access node;c) transmitting, by the selected neighboring satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF;d) confirming, by the AMF, if an NG link toward a provided satellite radio access node ID is still down or recovered;e) if the NG link is still down:i) preparing, by the AMF, UE context data for the serving satellite radio access node;ii) providing the UE context data to the neighboring satellite radio access node; andiii) forwarding, by the neighboring satellite radio access node, the UE context data via a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response back to the serving satellite radio access node;f) if the NG link is recovered, initiating, by the AMF, a legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the serving satellite radio access node;g) performing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a security command exchange with the UE; andh) establishing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE session over the recovered link or other satellite radio access nodes via path switch or session migration.15.The wireless communication method of claim 14, wherein the UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request contains one or more of:gNB ID where UE resides during RRC setup / transition;UE / UE group IDs transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED;message Cause; andconcurrent UE procedures.16.The wireless communication method of claim 14, wherein the UE context data includes one or more of:PDU session context;security key;UE radio capability;UE security capabilities; andmobility restrictions.17.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, from a first node or a second node, a signal that trigger user equipment (UE) radio resource control (RRC) connection , NAS SM and / or MM signaling;determining whether to recover a failed non-terrestrial network (NTN) -related link or to find an alternative NTN-related path, wherein the failed NTN-related link has a delay that exceeds a delay threshold, the failed NTN-related link comprises a first access stratum link, a first non-access stratum link, or both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link;when recovering a failed NTN-related link, initiating procedures to recover the link and routing the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the recovered link;when finding an alternative NTN-related path, requesting NG / Xn link delay information from surrounding network nodes;selecting an alternative NTN-related path based on the received NG / Xn link delay information; androuting the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling through the selected alternative NTN-related path.18.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the RRC connection, NAS SM and / or MM signaling comprises one or more of:NAS MM (Mobility Management) signaling for handling UE registration management, connection management, and / or user plane connection activation / deactivationNAS SM (Session Management) signaling for handling UE’s PDU (Packet Data Unit) sessions establishment, modification, and / or release.19.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the first access stratum link is an XN link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a last serving satellite radio access node of the first node; andthe first non-access stratum link is an NG link interconnecting a serving satellite radio access node of the first node to a selected access and mobility management function (AMF) of the first node.20.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the first node comprises a UE, and a satellite radio access node or an access and mobility management function (AMF) performs the recovering the failed NTN-related link and the finding the alternative NTN-related path;the signal comprises an access stratum request or a non-access stratum request from the UE; orthe signal comprises a paging message from a mobility management function (AMF) .21.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the second node is an access and mobility management function (AMF) , and a third node is a satellite radio access node;when both of the first access stratum link and the first non-access stratum link are failed, the second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform a connection request procedure over a neighboring satellite radio network access node, orthe second node or the third node redirects the first node to perform the connection request procedure over a terrestrial radio access node.22.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein the NG / Xn link delay information includes delays of all possible NTN-related links of neighboring satellite radio access nodes for routing N1 messages.23.The wireless communication method of claim 22, wherein if the failed NTN-related link is non-recoverable after multiple attempts or a specific period, the method further comprises:requesting exchange of the NG / Xn link delay information of neighboring satellite radio access nodes; comparing NG / Xn Link delays of the neighboring satellite radio access nodes in the NG / Xn link delay information with an indicated NAS message timer; andselecting an optimal XN and NG link that doesn't exceed the indicated NAS message timer for routing N1 NAS messages.24.The wireless communication method of claim 23, wherein the indicated NAS message timer source is from the UE or from an SMF or decided internally by the AMF.25.The wireless communication method of claim 17, wherein in finding an alternative NTN-related path, the method further comprises:a) selecting, by a serving satellite radio access node, neighboring satellite radio access node (s) with available links to the second mode which is an AMF;b) transmitting, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE to the selected neighboring satellite radio access node;c) transmitting, by the selected neighboring satellite radio access node, a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request to the AMF;d) confirming, by the AMF, if an NG link toward a provided satellite radio access node ID is still down or recovered;e) if the NG link is still down:i) preparing, by the AMF, UE context data for the serving satellite radio access node;ii) providing the UE context data to the neighboring satellite radio access node; andiii) forwarding, by the neighboring satellite radio access node, the UE context data via a UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE response back to the serving satellite radio access node;f) if the NG link is recovered, initiating, by the AMF, a legacy initial UE context setup procedure toward the serving satellite radio access node;g) performing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a security command exchange with the UE; andh) establishing, by the serving satellite radio access node, a UE session over the recovered link or other satellite radio access nodes via path switch or session migration.26.The wireless communication method of claim 25, wherein the UE INITIAL MESSAGE EXCHANGE request contains one or more of:gNB ID where UE resides during RRC setup / transition;UE / UE group IDs transitioning from RRC_IDLE to RRC_CONNECTED;message Cause; andconcurrent UE procedures.27.The wireless communication method of claim 25, wherein the UE context data includes one or more of:PDU session context;security key;UE radio capability;UE security capabilities; andmobility restrictions.28.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a user equipment (UE) ;detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, a disconnected Xn link toward a last serving satellite gNB;initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE context exchange request toward an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) for UE context data associated with the last serving satellite gNB;receiving, from the AMF, the UE context data to the serving satellite gNB;resuming, by the serving satellite gNB, the RRC connection toward the UE;establishing, by the serving satellite gNB, a UE session over a recovered link or other satellite gNBs.29.The wireless communication method of claim 28, further comprising:if the UE context data is unavailable at the AMF, requesting, by the AMF, the UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB.30.The wireless communication method of claim 28, wherein if the serving satellite gNB needs to reconfigure the UE or push the UE to RRC_IDLE, the method further comprises:invoking, by the AMF, configuration from the last serving satellite gNB before new UE context setup.31.The wireless communication method of claim 30, further comprising:maintaining by the serving satellite gNB integrity protection and ciphering configurations for the UE context as previously set up in the last serving satellite gNB.32.The wireless communication method of claim 28, wherein establishing the UE session comprises performing a path switch or migrating the UE session to a new satellite gNB.33.The wireless communication method of claim 28, further comprising:acknowledging, by the serving satellite gNB, UE context reception or new UE context setup completion to the AMF.34.The wireless communication method of claim 28, further comprising:triggering, by the AMF, release of UE resources at the last serving satellite gNB.35.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) resume or re-establishment request from a UE, including an identity of a last serving satellite gNB;detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, an NG link failure;initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, a link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB;upon determining that the link is unrecoverable, initiating, by the serving satellite gNB, an exchange of satellite link parameters information request;based on the exchanged satellite link parameters, deciding by the serving satellite gNB to:a) perform normal UE context data retrieval from the last serving satellite gNB if there is no Xn link failure, orb) initiate a UE context exchange request toward other neighboring satellite gNBs if both an Xn interface to the last serving satellite gNB and a feeder link to an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) have failed.36.The wireless communication method of claim 35, wherein the exchange of satellite link parameters information request includes requesting information on Xn / NG Link status, UE / UE group IDs, and neighboring satellite gNB IDs.37.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:electing, by the AMF, one or more neighboring satellite gNBs with available links to page the UE or UE groups based on the exchanged satellite link parameters.38.The wireless communication method of claim 35, wherein if the UE context data is unavailable at a neighboring satellite gNB, the method further comprises:requesting, by the neighboring satellite gNB, the UE context data from the last serving satellite gNB.39.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:transferring, by a neighboring satellite gNB, the received UE context data to the serving satellite gNB via a UE context exchange response over an Xn interface.40.The wireless communication method of claim 39, further comprising:responding, by the serving satellite gNB, to the neighboring satellite gNB by either acknowledging the reception of the UE context or sending a UE context setup complete message.41.The wireless communication method of claim 35, wherein establishing the UE session comprises performing a path switch or migrating the UE session to a new satellite gNB.42.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:triggering, by the AMF, release of UE resources at the last serving satellite gNB.43.A wireless communication method, comprising:receiving, by a serving satellite gNB, a radio resource control (RRC) connection request from a user equipment (UE) ;detecting, by the serving satellite gNB, failures in:a) an NG Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a selected Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) , andb) an Xn Link connecting the serving satellite gNB and a last serving satellite gNB;attempting, by the serving satellite gNB, to recover at least one of the NG Link or the Xn Link;upon determining that neither the NG Link nor the Xn Link is recoverable, rejecting the RRC connection request, and initiating an exchange of satellite link parameters information request to neighboring satellite gNBs;determining, based on responses which neighboring satellite gNB was or is serving the UE, and whether the neighboring satellite gNB has an active link to the UE's selected AMF;redirecting the UE to an identified gNB with an active link or to a Terrestrial Network (TN) gNB node.44.The wireless communication method of claim 35, wherein attempting to recover at least one of the NG Link or the Xn Link comprises:initiating an Xn link recovery request toward the last serving satellite gNB, orinitiating an NG link recovery request toward the AMF.45.The wireless communication method of claim 35, wherein the exchange of satellite link parameters information request includes requesting information on NG / Xn link status, gNB ID, and UE / UE group ID.46.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:directly redirecting the UE by providing identities of all neighboring satellite gNBs without exchanging satellite link parameters information.47.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:performing, by the UE, a setup, resume, or establishment procedure with one of:the identified gNB with an active link,at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs, ora TN gNB node.48.The wireless communication method of claim 35, further comprising:performing, by the serving satellite gNB and the AMF, a path switch or a migration of the UE session to the identified gNB or to at least one of the provided neighboring satellite gNBs.49.A wireless device comprising:a processor configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the processor is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 48.50.A chip, comprising:a processor, configured to call and run a computer program stored in a memory, to cause a device in which the chip is installed to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 48.51.A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 48.52.A computer program product, comprising a computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 48.53.A computer program, wherein the computer program causes a computer to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 48.
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