Degradation cause identification
By performing inference checking and updating CSI models based on SGCS outputs and ground-truth reports, the method effectively identifies and resolves encoder-related CSI degradation, enhancing communication quality and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/110972
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-08-09
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in identifying the cause of degradation in channel state information (CSI), which affects communication quality and efficiency.
The proposed method involves performing inference checking between encoder-first decoder pairs and updating CSI generation or reconstruction models based on the identification of issues with encoders using squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) outputs and ground-truth reports, allowing for the identification and correction of encoder-related problems.
This approach enhances the accuracy of CSI models by pinpointing and addressing encoder issues, thereby improving communication performance and reliability.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024110972_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEGRADATION CAUSE IDENTIFICATION
[0001] FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods for identifying a cause of degradation of channel state information.
[0003] DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART
[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0005] These multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0006] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network entity. The method may include receiving a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a user equipment (UE) . The method may include performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The method may include identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The method may include updating a channel state information (CSI) generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking. Updating a model may include updating a parameter for a model.
[0007] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network entity. The method may include receiving a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output calculated by a user equipment as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The method may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. In some aspects, the ground-truth is reported if SGCS estimation of E2D1 is bad, and further assessment of the cause is achieved by comparing the SGCS estimate with the SGCS_ref resulted by running inference of E1D1 using ground-truth. The method may include updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0008] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The method may include transmitting an indication of the cause. The method may include updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0009] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE. The one or more processors may be configured to perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The one or more processors may be configured to identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.
[0010] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to receive an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The one or more processors may be configured to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0011] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit an indication of the cause. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0012] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network entity. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.
[0013] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network entity. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to receive an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0014] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit an indication of the cause. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0015] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE. The apparatus may include means for performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The apparatus may include means for identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The apparatus may include means for updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.
[0016] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for receiving an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The apparatus may include means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The apparatus may include means for updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0017] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an indication of the cause. The apparatus may include means for updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0018] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include transmitting a ground-truth report of an encoder input at the UE. The method may include performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The method may include identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The method may include updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking. Updating a model may include updating a parameter for a model.
[0019] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a UE. The method may include transmitting an SGCS output calculated by the UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The method may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. In some aspects, the ground-truth is reported if SGCS estimation of E2D1 is bad, and further assessment of the cause is achieved by comparing the SGCS estimate with the SGCS_ref resulted by running inference of E1D1 using ground-truth. The method may include updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0020] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a network entity. The method may include performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The method may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The method may include transmitting an indication of the cause. The method may include updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0021] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit a ground-truth report of an encoder input at the UE. The one or more processors may be configured to perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The one or more processors may be configured to identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.
[0022] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit an SGCS output calculated by the UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The one or more processors may be configured to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0023] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories. The one or more processors may be configured to perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The one or more processors may be configured to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The one or more processors may be configured to transmit an indication of the cause. The one or more processors may be configured to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0024] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit a ground-truth report of an encoder input at the UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.
[0025] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a UE. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to transmit an SGCS output calculated by the UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the UE, may cause the UE to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0026] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium that stores a set of instructions for wireless communication by a network entity. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to transmit an indication of the cause. The set of instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the network entity, may cause the network entity to update a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0027] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a ground-truth report of an encoder input at another apparatus. The apparatus may include means for performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The apparatus may include means for identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0028] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an SGCS output calculated by the apparatus as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The apparatus may include means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. The apparatus may include means for updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the identification of the cause of the issue.
[0029] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The apparatus may include means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The apparatus may include means for transmitting an indication of the cause. The apparatus may include means for updating a CSI generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, where whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first inference and / or the second inference.
[0030]
[0031] Aspects of the present disclosure may generally be implemented by or as a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer- readable medium, UE, base station, network node, network entity, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described with reference to, and as illustrated by, the specification and accompanying drawings.
[0032] The foregoing paragraphs of this section have broadly summarized some aspects of the present disclosure. These and additional aspects and associated advantages will be described hereinafter. The disclosed aspects may be used as a basis for modifying or designing other aspects for carrying out the same or similar purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent aspects do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the aspects disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages, will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0033] The appended drawings illustrate some aspects of the present disclosure, but are not limiting of the scope of the present disclosure because the description may enable other aspects. Each of the drawings is provided for purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. The same or similar reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0034] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0035] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network.
[0036] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0037] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture of a functional framework for radio access network intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0038] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of encoding and decoding channel state information (CSI) , in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0039] Figs. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating an example of network-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0040] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of network side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0041] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0042] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0043] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0044] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of hybrid monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0045] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating examples of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0046] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0047] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0048] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0049] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0050] Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, aspects of the present disclosure may be embodied in many different forms and is not to be construed as limited to any specific aspect illustrated by or described with reference to an accompanying drawing or otherwise presented in this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. One skilled in the art may appreciate that the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using various combinations or quantities of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure is intended to cover an apparatus having, or a method that is practiced using, other structures and / or functionalities in addition to or other than the structures and / or functionalities with which various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein may be practiced. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0052] Several aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques. These methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, or algorithms (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0053] Multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G New Radio (NR) is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0054] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, radio frequency (RF) sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0055] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 100 in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 100 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 100 may include multiple network nodes 110, shown as a network node (NN) 110a, a network node 110b, a network node 110c, and a network node 110d. The network nodes 110 may support communications with multiple UEs 120, shown as a UE 120a, a UE 120b, a UE 120c, a UE 120d, and a UE 120e.
[0056] The network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 100 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless networks 100 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 100 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0057] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-a or FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 100 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0058] A network node 110 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 120 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 100. A network node 110 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0059] A network node 110 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 110 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 110 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 100. For example, an aggregated network node 110 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 120 and a core network of the wireless communication network 100.
[0060] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 110 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 110 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 110 may be used in an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0061] The network nodes 110 of the wireless communication network 100 may include one or more central units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , and / or one or more radio units (RUs) . A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 120, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 120.
[0062] In some aspects, a single network node 110 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 110 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0063] Some network nodes 110 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 110 or to a network node 110 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 110 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 110 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 120 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 120 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 120 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 110 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 110 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 110 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 110 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or a NTN network node) .
[0064] The wireless communication network 100 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 110 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 130a, the network node 110b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 130b, and the network node 110c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 130c. Various different types of network nodes 110 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 100 than other types of network nodes 110. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0065] In some examples, a network node 110 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 120 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 110 to a UE 120, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a network node 110 to a UE 120. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 120) from a UE 120 to a network node 110. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 110 and the UE 120 may communicate.
[0066] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into bandwidth parts (BWPs) . A BWP may be a continuous block of frequency domain resources (for example, a continuous block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 120. A UE 120 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 110 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 120) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 100 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 120. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 100 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 120 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 120 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 120. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 120 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 120.
[0067] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 100 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 110 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 110 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 110 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 110 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 110 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 110, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 110 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 110 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 110 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 110 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 110 or other non-anchor network node 110 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 120 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0068] In some examples, any network node 110 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 110 or a UE 120) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 120 or another network node 110) . In this case, the wireless communication network 100 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 110d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 110a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 120d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 110a and the UE 120d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 120 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 120. A UE 120 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0069] The UEs 120 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 100, and each UE 120 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 120 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 120 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0070] A UE 120 and / or a network node 110 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system. The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0071] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, IEEE compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 120 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 120 including the processing system.
[0072] Some UEs 120 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an uncrewed aerial vehicle, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 120 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 120 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 100) .
[0073] Some UEs 120 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 120 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 100, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 120 in a second category. UEs 120 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 100, among other examples. A third category of UEs 120 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 120 of the first category and UEs 120 of the second capability) . A UE 120 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0074] In some examples, two or more UEs 120 (for example, shown as UE 120a and UE 120e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 110 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 120a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 120e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 120a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 110, which then transmits the data to the UE 120e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 120 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 110 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 120 in the wireless communication network 100. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 120 (instead of a network node 110) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0075] In various examples, some of the network nodes 110 and the UEs 120 of the wireless communication network 100 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 and UL transmissions of the UE 120 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 110 or a UE 120 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 110 and / or UEs 120 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 110 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 120 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 120 but not for a network node 110. For example, a UE 120 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 110 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 110 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 110 but not for a UE 120. For example, a network node 110 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 120 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 120 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 110 and a UE 120.
[0076] In some examples, the UEs 120 and the network nodes 110 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0077] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a network node 110) may include a communication manager 150. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 150 may receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a user equipment (UE) ; perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report; and identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0078] In some aspects, the communication manager 150 may receive a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair; evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output; and identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 150 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0079] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) may include a communication manager 140. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 140 may perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair; perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair; and identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output; and transmit an indication of the cause. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 140 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0080] As indicated above, Fig. 1 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 1.
[0081] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 110 in communication with an example UE 120 in a wireless network.
[0082] As shown in Fig. 2, the network node 110 may include a data source 212, a transmit processor 214, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 216, a set of modems 232 (shown as 232a through 232t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 234 (shown as 234a through 234v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 236, a receive processor 238, a data sink 239, a controller / processor 240, a memory 242, a communication unit 244, a scheduler 246, and / or a communication manager 150, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 234, the modem (s) 232, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, the transmit processor 214, and / or the TX MIMO processor 216 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0083] The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 240, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 242, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 110 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 120 or another network node.
[0084] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” should be understood to refer to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, one or more processors of the network node 110 may include transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, and / or controller / processor 240. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 120 may include MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, and / or controller / processor 280.
[0085] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” should be understood to refer to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 2. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0086] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the transmit processor 214 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 120 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 120) from the data source 212 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 214 may select one or more MCSs for the UE 120 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 120. The network node 110 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 120 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 120 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 214 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 214 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) ) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0087] The TX MIMO processor 216 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 232. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 232. Each modem 232 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 232 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 232a through 232t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 234.
[0088] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 100. A data stream (for example, from the data source 212) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0089] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, uplink signals from the UE 120 may be received by an antenna 234, may be processed by a modem 232 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 232) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 236 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 238 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 238 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 239 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 240.
[0090] The network node 110 may use the scheduler 246 to schedule one or more UEs 120 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 246 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 120 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 120. In some examples, the scheduler 246 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 120 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 120.
[0091] One or more of the transmit processor 214, the TX MIMO processor 216, the modem 232, the antenna 234, the MIMO detector 236, the receive processor 238, and / or the controller / processor 240 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 110. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 110) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 110.
[0092] In some examples, the network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 244 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 110 may use the communication unit 244 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 120 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 244 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0093] The UE 120 may include a set of antennas 252 (shown as antennas 252a through 252r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 254 (shown as modems 254a through 254u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 256, a receive processor 258, a data sink 260, a data source 262, a transmit processor 264, a TX MIMO processor 266, a controller / processor 280, a memory 282, and / or a communication manager 140, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 120 may be included in a housing 284. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 252, the modem (s) 254, the MIMO detector 256, the receive processor 258, the transmit processor 264, or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 120. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 280, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 282, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 120 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 110 and / or another UE 120.
[0094] For downlink communication from the network node 110 to the UE 120, the set of antennas 252 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 110 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 254. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 254 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 256 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 254, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 258 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 120 to the data sink 260 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 280.
[0095] For uplink communication from the UE 120 to the network node 110, the transmit processor 264 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 262 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 120) and control information from the controller / processor 280. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 258 and / or the controller / processor 280 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 110 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 120 by the network node 110.
[0096] The transmit processor 264 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink sounding reference signal (SRS) , and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 264 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 266, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 254 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 266 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 254. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 254. Each modem 254 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 254 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0097] The modems 254a through 254u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 252. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 120) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0098] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 252 or the set of antennas 234 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 2. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0099] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 234 or an antenna 252 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0100] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0101] Different UEs 120 or network nodes 110 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 120 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 110 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0102] In some aspects, the controller / processor 280 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the UE 120) . For example, a processing system of the UE 120 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the UE 120.
[0103] The processing system of the UE 120 may interface with one or more other components of the UE 120, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the UE 120 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the UE 120 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the UE 120 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0104] In some aspects, the controller / processor 240 may be a component of a processing system. A processing system may generally be a system or a series of machines or components that receives inputs and processes the inputs to produce a set of outputs (which may be passed to other systems or components of, for example, the network node 110) . For example, a processing system of the network node 110 may be a system that includes the various other components or subcomponents of the network node 110.
[0105] The processing system of the network node 110 may interface with one or more other components of the network node 110, may process information received from one or more other components (such as inputs or signals) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a chip or modem of the network node 110 may include a processing system, a first interface to receive or obtain information, and a second interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a receiver, such that the network node 110 may receive information or signal inputs, and the information may be passed to the processing system. In some examples, the second interface may be an interface between the processing system of the chip or modem and a transmitter, such that the network node 110 may transmit information output from the chip or modem. A person having ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the second interface also may obtain or receive information or signal inputs, and the first interface also may output, transmit, or provide information.
[0106] While blocks in Fig. 2 are illustrated as distinct components, the functions described above with respect to the blocks may be implemented in a single hardware, software, or combination component or in various combinations of components. For example, the functions described with respect to the transmit processor 264, the receive processor 258, and / or the TX MIMO processor 266 may be performed by or under the control of the controller / processor 280.
[0107] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 300 in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 300 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 110) . The disaggregated base station architecture 300 may include a CU 310 that can communicate directly with a core network 320 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 320 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 350 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 360 and / or a Near-RT RIC 370 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 310 may communicate with one or more DUs 330 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 330 may communicate with one or more RUs 340 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 340 may communicate with one or more UEs 120 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 120 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 340.
[0108] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 300, including the CUs 310, the DUs 330, the RUs 340, the Near-RT RICs 370, the Non-RT RICs 350, and the SMO Framework 360, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0109] In some aspects, the CU 310 may be logically split into one or more CU user plane (CU-UP) units and one or more CU control plane (CU-CP) units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 310 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 330, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 330 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 340. For example, a DU 330 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 330, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 310. Each RU 340 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 340 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 330.
[0110] The SMO Framework 360 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 360 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 390) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 310, a DU 330, an RU 340, a non-RT RIC 350, and / or a Near-RT RIC 370. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 380, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 360 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 340 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 330 and the CU 310 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0111] The Non-RT RIC 350 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 370. The Non-RT RIC 350 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 370. The Near-RT RIC 370 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 310, one or more DUs 330, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 370.
[0112] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 370, the Non-RT RIC 350 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 370 and may be received at the SMO Framework 360 or the Non-RT RIC 350 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 350 or the Near-RT RIC 370 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 350 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 360 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0113] The network node 110, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the UE 120, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, the RU 340, or any other component (s) of Figs. 1, 2, or 3 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with identifying a cause of degradation of CSI compression and decompression, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 240 of the network node 110, the controller / processor 280 of the UE 120, any other component (s) (or combinations of components) of Fig. 2, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1300 of Fig. 13, process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 242 may store data and program codes for the network node 110, the network node 110, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340. The memory 282 may store data and program codes for the UE 120. In some examples, the memory 242 or the memory 282 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 242 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 282 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 110, the UE 120, the CU 310, the DU 330, or the RU 340, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1300 of Fig. 13, process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0114] In some aspects, a network entity (e.g., a network node 110) includes means for receiving a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE; means for performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report; and / or means for identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0115] In some aspects, the network entity includes means for receiving an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair; means for evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output; and / or means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating In some aspects, the means for the network entity to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 150, transmit processor 214, TX MIMO processor 216, modem 232, antenna 234, MIMO detector 236, receive processor 238, controller / processor 240, memory 242, or scheduler 246.
[0116] In some aspects, a UE (e.g., a UE 120) includes means for performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair; means for performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair; and / or means for identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output; and / or means for transmitting an indication of the cause. The means for the UE to perform operations described herein may include, for example, one or more of communication manager 140, antenna 252, modem 254, MIMO detector 256, receive processor 258, transmit processor 264, TX MIMO processor 266, controller / processor 280, or memory 282.
[0117] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example architecture 400 of a functional framework for RAN intelligence enabled by data collection, in accordance with the present disclosure. In some scenarios, the functional framework for RAN intelligence may be enabled by further enhancement of data collection through use cases and / or examples. For example, principles or algorithms for RAN intelligence enabled by AI / ML and the associated functional framework (e.g., the artificial intelligence (AI) functionality and / or the input / output of the component for AI enabled optimization) have been utilized or studied to identify the benefits of AI enabled RAN through possible use cases (e.g., beam management, energy saving, load balancing, mobility management, and / or coverage optimization, among other examples) . In one example, as shown by the architecture 400, a functional framework for RAN intelligence may include multiple logical entities, such as a model training host 402, a model inference host 404, data sources 406, and an actor 408.
[0118] The model inference host 404 may be configured to run an AI / ML model based on inference data provided by the data sources 406, and the model inference host 404 may produce an output (e.g., a prediction) with the inference data input to the actor 408. The actor 408 may be an element or an entity of a core network or a RAN. For example, the actor 408 may be a UE, a network node, a base station (e.g., a gNB) , a CU, a DU, and / or an RU, among other examples. In addition, the actor 408 may also depend on the type of tasks performed by the model inference host 404, type of inference data provided to the model inference host 404, and / or type of output produced by the model inference host 404. For example, if the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with beam management, then the actor 408 may be a UE, a DU or an RU. In other examples, if the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with Tx / Rx scheduling, then the actor 408 may be a CU or a DU.
[0119] After the actor 408 receives an output from the model inference host 404, the actor 408 may determine whether to act based on the output. For example, if the actor 408 is a DU or an RU and the output from the model inference host 404 is associated with beam management, the actor 408 may determine whether to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam based on the output. If the actor 408 determines to act based on the output, the actor 408 may indicate the action to at least one subject of action 410. For example, if the actor 408 determines to change / modify a Tx / Rx beam for a communication between the actor 408 and the subject of action 410 (e.g., a UE 120) , then the actor 408 may transmit a beam (re-) configuration or a beam switching indication to the subject of action 410. The actor 408 may modify its Tx / Rx beam based on the beam (re-) configuration, such as switching to a new Tx / Rx beam or applying different parameters for a Tx / Rx beam, among other examples. As another example, the actor 408 may be a UE and the output from the model inference host 404 may be associated with beam management. For example, the output may be one or more predicted measurement values for one or more beams. The actor 408 (e.g., a UE) may determine that a measurement report (e.g., a Layer 1 (L1) RSRP report) is to be transmitted to a network node 110.
[0120] The data sources 406 may also be configured for collecting data that is used as training data for training an ML model or as inference data for feeding an ML model inference operation. For example, the data sources 406 may collect data from one or more core network and / or RAN entities, which may include the subject of action 410, and provide the collected data to the model training host 402 for ML model training. For example, after a subject of action 410 (e.g., a UE 120) receives a beam configuration from the actor 408, the subject of action 410 may provide performance feedback associated with the beam configuration to the data sources 406, where the performance feedback may be used by the model training host 402 for monitoring or evaluating the ML model performance, such as whether the output (e.g., prediction) provided to the actor 408 is accurate. In some examples, if the output provided by the actor 408 is inaccurate (or the accuracy is below an accuracy threshold) , then the model training host 402 may determine to modify or retrain the ML model used by the model inference host, such as via an ML model deployment / update.
[0121] As indicated above, Fig. 4 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 4.
[0122] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example 500 of encoding and decoding CSI, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0123] A network entity (e.g., a base station or gNB) may transmit CSI-RSs to a UE. The CSI-RSs may be configured to be periodic (e.g., using RRC signaling) , semi-persistent (e.g., using MAC-CE signaling) , and / or aperiodic (e.g., using DCI) . The UE may measure the CSI-RSs and report CSI to the network entity. In some examples, the network entity may transmit CSI-RSs on different transmit beams using different receive beams to support selection of transmit beam / receive beam pairs and to further refine beam selection.
[0124] A CSI report configuration may include a codebook, which is used as a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) dictionary from which a UE may report the best PMI codewords, and use a sequence of bits to report the PMI. AI / ML-based CSI feedback may replace the codebook with a CSI encoder and decoder. A network entity may transmit an RS (e.g., a CSI-RS or another type of RS) , and a UE may measure the RS to determine a downlink channel matrix (e.g., represented by H) . The UE may further apply SVD (e.g., using an SVD algorithm) to derive a downlink precoder (e.g., represented by V) from the downlink channel matrix. The UE may apply the encoder to generate a compressed representation of the downlink precoder V, and the UE may use a sequence of bits to report the compressed representation to the network entity. Accordingly, the encoder is analogous to a PMI searching algorithm (e.g., used to find the best PMI codewords) .
[0125] The sequence of bits may encode a CSI report that indicates the compressed representation, and the network entity may receive the CSI report. Accordingly, the network entity may apply the decoder to generate a reconstructed precoder (e.g., represented by V*) from the compressed representation. Accordingly, the decoder is analogous to a PMI codebook (e.g., used to translate CSI reporting bits to a PMI codeword) . In some aspects, the decoder may output a (reconstructed) downlink channel matrix (corresponding to a raw channel or a channel pre-whitened by the UE based on a demodulation filter of the UE) . Similarly, the decoder may output an interference covariance matrix (e.g., represented by Rnn) or a transmit covariance matrix. The decoder may output a (reconstructed) downlink precoder. The network entity may therefore schedule a downlink transmission based on reconstructed CSI (e.g., the reconstructed downlink channel matrix or downlink precoder) .
[0126] CSI may be encoded at a UE and decoded at a network entity using AI / ML. In such cross-node machine learning, a neural network may be split into two portions, where a first portion includes the encoder of the UE, and a second portion includes the decoder of the network entity. The encoder output of the UE is transmitted to the network entity as an input to the decoder. For example, as shown in example 500 of Fig. 5, the encoder 502 at the UE may input CSI (e.g., downlink channel estimates) and output compressed CSI or another data signal, which is received as input at the decoder 504 of the network entity. The decoder at the network entity may output a reconstructed CSI or another data signal, such as precoding vectors.
[0127] In multi-vendor training, each vendor (e.g., UE vendor, base station vendor) may be associated with a corresponding server that participates in offline training. The UE vendor server (s) communicate with the network entity vendor server (s) (e.g., base station (BS) servers) during the training using server-to-server connections. The UE vendor server may also be referred to as a UE-associated network entity or a UE server.
[0128] To evaluate the machine learning based CSI compression use cases, one or more different types of quantization or dequantization methods may be used, such as vector quantization or scalar quantization. In CSI compression using two-sided model use cases, multiple machine learning model trainings may be used. In some instances, a two-sided model may be jointly trained at a single side / entity (e.g., UE-sided or network-sided) . In some instances, the two-sided model may be jointly trained at a network side and a UE side, respectively. In some instances, models may be separately trained at a network side and a UE side, where the UE side CSI generation part and the network side CSI reconstruction part are trained by the UE side and the network side, respectively. “Joint training” may refer to the generation model and reconstruction model being trained in the same loop for forward propagation and backward propagation. Joint training may be done both at a single node or across multiple nodes (e.g., through gradient exchange between nodes) . “Separate training” may include sequential training starting with the UE side training, or sequential training starting with the network side training, or parallel training at the UE and the network.
[0129] Multi-vendor training may involve UE-network entity pairs (e.g., UE-BS pairs or UE-gNB pairs) . For example, a first BS (gNB 1) and a second BS (gNB 2) provide a respective cell, and multiple UEs (e.g., UE 1, UE 2, UE 3, UE 4) within the coverage region of gNB 1 or gNB 2. Vin is received by the encoder of UE 1 and is compressed. The output Z of the encoder is transmitted to the decoder of gNB 1, where gNB 1 decodes Z to reconstruct Vin as Vout.
[0130] In instances without multi-vendor training, each UE-network entity pair would be expected to utilize different encoder-decoder pairs. Multi-vendor training eliminates the need to utilize different encoder-decoder pairs for each UE-network entity pairing. For example, in instances of multi-UE vendors with one network entity vendor, a common network entity decoder may be trained to work with multiple UE encoders. As such, the network entity does not need to maintain a separate decoder model for each UE in its cell. In instances of a single-UE vendor with multiple network entity vendors, a common UE encoder may be trained to work with multiple network entity decoders. In such instances, the UE does not need to maintain a separate encoder model for each network entity. In instances of multi-UE vendors with multi-network entity vendors, the UE encoder may be trained to work with multiple network entity decoders, while the network entity decoder may be trained to work with multiple UE encoder. In an example, the respective encoders of UE 1 and UE 2 may be trained to work with the decoder of gNB 1, while the encoder of UE 4 may be trained to work with the decoder of gNB 2. However, UE 3 may be at a cell edge and between gNB 1 and gNB 2, such that the encoder of UE 3 may be trained to work with the decoder of either gNB 1 or gNB 2.
[0131] In one-sided concurrent training (e.g., offline) , both the encoder and the decoder may be trained jointly, such that the model weights of the encoder and decoder can be both optimized jointly. In offline concurrent training, models may be trained offline and may be provided to either the network entity (e.g., gNB) or the UE. However, one-sided concurrent training may allow for the trained models to be exposed to the network entity or the UE. Joint training may occur at the UE server or the network entity (BS) server. For example, a UE vendor may train both the encoder and decoder models using its own dataset and may share the trained decoder model with the network entity vendor, that is a different vendor than the UE vendor. The decoder shared with the other vendor may reveal or provide relevant information related to implementation details of the UE vendor’s modem. This information may be revealed due in part to symmetry that typically exists between the encoder and the decoder. As a result, the trained encoder and decoder may be a trade secret or include proprietary information that a vendor may not want to reveal to a competitor.
[0132] Instead of revealing the neural network or model architecture, as in one-sided concurrent training, sequential training allows for the UE or network entity to keep the trained models private. In network entity driven sequential training, the network entity decoder may be trained first at the BS server with an encoder selected by the network entity. The UE encoder may be trained based on a dataset shared by the network entity, for example. The dataset shared with the UE may include the original input Vin and the output Z of the encoder. In some aspects, this may include CSI and a representation of compressed CSI.
[0133] Multiple UE encoders may be trained based on the trained network entity decoder. The network entity decoder may be trained, and then share the dataset with each of the UEs (e.g., UE 1, UE 2) , so that the respective UE encoders may be trained based on the dataset shared by the network entity. In some instances, the original input Vin used as input at the network entity encoder may comprise a precoder vector V. The BS server may train the network entity decoder and generate a sequential training dataset (e.g., Z, Vin) which is shared with the UE server. Each UE server trains the respective UE encoder based on the sequential training dataset. In some instances, training the UE encoder may be achieved by minimizing a loss between Z (e.g., the output of the network entity encoder) with Zue which is the output of the UE encoder.
[0134] In vector quantization, each input vector may be quantized and mapped to one of the vectors in a quantization codebook. In some instances, a quantization codebook may comprise vectors of size 2 or 4, where each entry may be represented by 2 bits. However, in other instances, the quantization codebook may comprise vectors of different sizes, or vector sizes other than 2 or 4. In addition, the entries may be represented by any size bits.
[0135] For example, an input Vin may be inputted into the encoder, which produces an encoder output Ze. The encoder output Ze may be quantized to produce a quantized output Zq. The quantized output Zq may be processed by the decoder in an effort to reconstruct the Vin, where the decoder output is Vout. To perform the quantization, a VQ may receive the encoder output Ze and divide Ze into sub-vectors of size d-subset (e.g., 2 or 4) . A sub-vector (e.g., Ze0, Ze1) is quantized based on a quantization codebook to produce a quantized sub-vector (e.g., Zq0, Zq1) , where the quantized sub-vector is mapped to one of the vectors in the codebook. To perform the mapping based on the codebook, the quantizer maps the values of the quantized sub-vector to two values of the codebook (e.g., one of K values of the codebook) . The VQ may map inputs to the closest quantized value of the codebook. The quantized sub-vectors are then merged to form the quantized output Zq.
[0136] To alleviate or resolve issues related to inter-vendor training collaboration of AI / ML-based CSI compression using a two-sided model, different options may be used. Option 1 may involve a fully standardized reference model (structure and parameters) . Option 2 may involve a standardized dataset. Option 3 may involve a standardized reference model structure and parameter exchange between the network-side and UE-side. Option 4 may involve a standardized data / dataset format and a dataset exchange between the network-side and the UE-side. Option 5 may involve a standardized model format and reference model exchange between the network-side and the UE-side.
[0137] For Option 3, two sub-options may include Option 3a and Option 3b. For Option 3a, where parameters received at the UE or the UE-side proceeds through offline engineering at the UE-side (e.g., UE-side over-the-top (OTT) server) , including potential re-training, re-development of a different model, and / or offline testing. For Option 3b, parameters received at the UE are directly used for inference at the UE without offline engineering, potentially with on-device operations. For Option 5, two sub-options may include Option 5a and Option 5b. For Option 5a, a model received at the UE or the UE-side proceeds through offline engineering at the UE-side (e.g., UE-side OTT server) , including potential re-training, re-development of a different model, and / or offline testing. For Option 5b, a model received at the UE is directly used for inference at the UE without offline engineering, potentially with on-device operations. For Option 4, a dataset received at the UE or the UE-side may proceed through offline engineering at the UE-side (e.g., UE-side OTT server) , including model training or offline testing.
[0138] For Option 3a / 5a, the model (5a) / parameter (3a) exchange originates from the network-side and ends at the UE-side. Model (5a) / parameters (3a) exchanged from the network-side to UE-side is either CSI generation or reconstruction part or both. An encoder may be known as a “CSI generation model, ” while a decoder may be known as a “CSI reconstruction model. ”
[0139] For Option 3a-1 / 5a-1, the model / parameters exchanged from the network-side to UE-side is a CSI generation part (for encoder) . For Option 3a-2 / 5a-2, the model / parameters exchanged from the network-side to UE-side is a CSI reconstruction part (for decoder) . For Option 3a-3 / 5a-3, the model / parameters exchanged from the network-side to UE-side are both the CSI generation part and the CSI reconstruction part. Some additional information, if necessary, may be shared from the network-side to help the UE-side with offline engineering and to provide performance guidance. The additional information may include a performance target, or a dataset or information related to collecting the dataset.
[0140] For Option 3b, the method of exchanging is over the air-interface via model transfer / delivery case. The parameter exchange is from the network entity to the UE. Parameters exchanged from the network-side to the UE-side is a CSI generation part. For Option 5b, the method of exchanging is over the air-interface via model transfer / delivery Case z4, assuming that the model structure is aligned based on offline inter-vendor collaboration. The model exchange is from the network entity to the UE. The model is exchanged from the network-side to the UE-side is a CSI generation part.
[0141] For Option 4, the dataset exchange originates from the network-side and ends at the UE-side. For Option 4-1, the dataset is exchanged from the network-side to the UE-side and includes target CSI and CSI feedback. For Option 4-2, the dataset is exchanged from the network-side to the UE-side and includes CSI feedback and a reconstructed target CSI. For Option 4-3, the dataset is exchanged from the network-side to the UE-side and includes a target CSI, CSI feedback, and a reconstructed target CSI. Some additional information, if necessary, may be shared from the network-side to help UE-side offline engineering and to provide performance guidance (e.g., performance target) .
[0142] Network-side monitoring may involve overhead, latency, complexity, monitoring accuracy, and a UE capability. Network-side monitoring may be based on the target CSI reported by the UE via legacy eT2 codebook or eT2-like high-resolution codebook and may involve SRS-based monitoring.
[0143] UE-side monitoring may involve overhead, latency, complexity, monitoring accuracy, and a UE capability. UE-side monitoring may be based on the output of the CSI reconstruction model at the UE . The CSI reconstruction model at the UE-side can be the same as the actual CSI reconstruction model used at the network-side, a reference model provided by the network entity, or a proxy model developed by the UE-side. UE-side monitoring may use direct estimation of intermediate key performance indicators (KPIs) , such as an SGCS output without reconstructing a target CSI or estimation of monitoring output other than intermediate KPI without reconstructing a target CSI. UE-side monitoring may be based on precoded RS (e.g., CSI-RS, DMRS) transmitted from a network entity based on the output of the CSI reconstruction model or may be based on the output of the CSI reconstruction model indicated by the network via legacy eT2 codebook or eT2-like high-resolution codebook.
[0144] Network-side monitoring and UE-side monitoring may help with identifying a cause of performance degradation. Performance degradation may be caused by the network-side, the UE-side, or data drift. Data drift may be related to a distribution shape or change. For example, data in the field may change when a UE passes from indoors to outdoors. However, the root cause of the degradation may be unknown. Without information about the cause of the degradation, the degradation may continue and increase latency, waste signaling resources, and decrease throughput.
[0145] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 5.
[0146] Figs. 6A and 6B are diagrams illustrating examples of network-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0147] According to various aspects described herein, the network entity may monitor for degradation and identify a cause of the degradation. The cause may be an issue with an encoder. For example, a network entity may receive a ground-truth report (e.g., an actual encoder input value, but may be in quantized version using existing codebook or high-resolution codebook) . The network entity may perform first inference checking, with respect to the ground-truth report, between a first encoder-first decoder pair E1D1 and a second encoder-first decoder pair E2D1. The network entity may identify whether there is an issue with an encoder (e.g., E2) based at least in part on the first inference checking. If there is a greater degradation with E2D1 than E1D1, then E2 may be an issue. By identifying the cause of degradation to be an issue with E2 (e.g., some CSI generation model or parameter of E2 is causing degradation) using inference checking, the network entity or the UE may take steps to remedy the degradation of E2 (e.g., update the CSI generation model or parameters) . As a result, the CSI encoded with E2 may be more accurate and communication may improve, which reduces latency and increases throughput. Other remedies may involve offline engineering. For example, the network entity may share the network entity reference model, and the UE may retrain the CSI generation model considering the reference model as a benchmark or performance guidance. If the issue is with a decoder, the network entity or the UE may update a CSI reconstruction model or parameters.
[0148] In some aspects, for network-side monitoring of a UE-side CSI generation part (encoder) , the network-side side may employ a reference encoder together with a request for ground-truth reporting. The scheme is shown in Fig. 6A in principle. Specifically, the actual models used in CSI feedback are E2 and D1, while the network entity may keep a reference or private encoder. When monitoring is performed, the network entity may perform a first inference using D1 and calculate the SGCS using the output of E2D1 and the reported ground-truth. The network entity may perform a second inference using E1D2 using the reported ground-truth as input, and may calculate SGCS_ref using the output of E1D2. The network entity may compare SGCS vs. SGCS_ref. Since the SGCS and the SGCS_ref result from the common CSI reconstruction model, their difference is mainly due to the actual CSI generation part at UE side and the reference private CSI generation part at the network entity. Some conditions for decision making are presented in a table 610 of Fig. 6B.
[0149] In this approach, E1 and D1 are developed by the network entity before inter-vendor collaboration. For inter-vendor collaboration option 3b / 5b, E2 is exactly the same as E1, as UE performs on-device operation directly using the shared E1. In this case, the monitoring of E2 is to test if UE implements E1 properly on the device. For inter-vendor collaboration option 3a / 5a / 4, E2 is developed via UE side offline engineering.
[0150] In some aspects, a UE may monitor for degradation and identify a cause of the degradation. The UE may use an SGCS estimator to estimate an SGCS of E2D1, or use a reference SGCS estimator to estimate a reference SGCS (estimate an SGCS of E1D1) . The UE may perform inference checking to identify whether there is an issue with an encoder (e.g., E2) . By identifying the cause of degradation to be an issue with E2 (e.g., some model or parameter of E2 is causing degradation) using inference checking, the UE may take steps to remedy the degradation of E2 (e.g., update the model or parameters) . As a result, the CSI encoded with E2 may be more accurate and communication may improve, which reduces latency and increases throughput.
[0151] For UE-side monitoring of a UE-side CSI generation part (encoder) , in some aspects, the UE may employ two SGCS estimators. One SGCS estimator estimates the SGCS that is a result of actual inference models E2D1, while the other SGCS estimator estimates the SGCS that is a result of the network-side reference CSI generation part (encoder) and the actual CSI reconstruction (decoder) in inference (i.e., E1D1) . Figure 6A illustrates the approach in principle. The input to the SGCS estimator can be an input CSI (ground-truth) or an output of an inner-layer of the respective encoder. The condition of decision making is present in Table 610 as well. In this approach, E1 and D1 are developed by the network entity before inter-vendor collaboration. For inter-vendor collaboration option 3a / 5a / 4, E2 is developed via UE-side offline engineering. SGCS estimator Est may be developed along with E2 during offline engineering. For the development of SGCS estimator Est_ref1, Est_ref1 may be provided by the network entity or developed by the UE if the network-side reference CSI generation part E1 is transferred to the UE-side.
[0152] In some aspects, the network entity and the UE may perform hybrid monitoring. For example, the UE may calculate an SGCS estimate of E2D1 and report the SGCS estimate to the network entity, and the network entity may evaluate the SGCS estimate of E2D1. If the SGCS estimate of E2D1 shows degradation, the network entity may trigger ground-truth reporting from the UE. The network entity may calculate a reference SGCS of E1D1 and compare the SGCS estimate of E2D1 reported by the UE to the reference SGCS to identify any issue with E2. If there is no issue with E2 or the reference SGCS is bad, or both SGCS and refence SGCS are bad, the network entity may perform inference checking of D1. By identifying the cause of degradation to be an issue with E2 (e.g., some CSI generation model or parameters of E2 is causing degradation) using inference checking, the network entity and the UE may take steps to remedy the degradation of E2 (e.g., update the CSI generation model or parameters) . As a result, the CSI encoded with E2 may be more accurate and communication may improve, which reduces latency and increases throughput. If the issue is with D1 (or D2) , the UE or the network entity may remedy the degradation of D1 (or D2) , such as by updating a CSI reconstruction model or parameters.
[0153] Another approach is hybrid UE-side monitoring and network-side monitoring. In some aspects, the UE may employ an SGCS estimator to monitor the performance of an actual CSI generation part and CSI reconstruction part (i.e., E2D1) . The UE may report the estimated SGCS to the network entity. If the reported SGCS value is bad, the network entity may trigger ground-truth reporting to further assess whether the performance degradation is due to a UE-side issue or due to data drift. Note that the triggering of ground-truth report may be occasional.
[0154] The network entity may obtain a ground-truth value via UE reporting. The network entity may perform inference using the reference CSI generation model (e.g., encoder E1) and actual CSI reconstruction model (e.g., decoder D1) , and may calculate the reference SGCS (SGCS_ref) . Then, the network entity may identify the cause using, for example, table 610, based at least in part on the SGCS reported in step 1 and the SGCS_ref calculated in step 3.
[0155] In general, there may be three types of performance monitoring. A first type is network-side monitoring via ground-truth reporting or sounding reference signal (SRS) measurement. The network entity may use the reported or measured ground-truth to calculate the SGCS that results from the actual CSI generation part and CSI reconstruction part. The network entity may use the reported or measured ground-truth, and perform inference through a reference (private) CSI generation part and an actual CSI reconstruction part, so as to assess whether the performance degradation is due to a UE-side model.
[0156] A second type is UE-side monitoring involves SGCS and reference SGCS reporting. The UE may calculate an SGCS measured with respect to its CSI generation model. The UE may calculate a reference SGCS measured with respect to a reference CSI generation. Note that the SGCS and reference SGCS may be obtained by two SGCS estimators or by performing inference with a common CSI reconstruction model.
[0157] A third type is hybrid network-side and UE-side monitoring. The UE may calculate an SGCS measured with regard to its CSI generation model and report the measured SGCS. Note that the SGCS and reference SGCS may be obtained by two SGCS estimators or by performing inference of a common CSI reconstruction model. The network entity may trigger ground-truth reporting if the reported SGCS is bad. This triggering is occasionally dependent on a SGCS report. The network entity may use the reported or measured ground-truth, and perform inference through a reference (private) CSI generation part and an actual CSI reconstruction part, so as to assess whether the performance degradation is due to a UE-side model.
[0158] In some aspects, the network entity or the UE may identify whether there are issues with any encoder, decoder, or if data drift is the issue.
[0159] Example 600 shows network-side monitoring of encoder E2 (vs. E1) and decoder D1 (vs. D2) . Example 602 shows network-side monitoring of E2, with the ground-truth v and nominal CSI feedback provided by the UE. E2 may generate the nominal CSI feedback. In some aspects, a network entity may perform inference via D1 using nominal CSI feedback. The network entity may calculate the SGCS between encoder E2 input v (v) and decoder D1 output vhat In some aspects, the network entity may perform inference via E1D1 using v. The network entity may calculate the SGCS_ref between v and vhat_ref.
[0160] Example 604 shows network-side monitoring of D1, where the UE provides v. In some aspects, the network entity runs inference via D1 using nominal CSI feedback. The network entity may calculate the SGCS between v and vhat. In some aspects, the network entity may perform D2 inference using the nominal CSI feedback to obtain vhat_ref. The network entity may calculate the reference SGCS_ref using v and vhat_ref. The nominal CSI feedback may be obtained via E2. Alternatively, E2 may be replaced by E1. Specifically, with the ground-truth v provided by the UE, the network entity may perform E1D1 inference and E1D2 inference, which output vhat and vhat_ref, respectively. Then, the network entity may calculate the SGCS using v and vhat, and a reference SGCS_ref using v and vhat_ref..
[0161] In some aspects, the network entity may develop D2 as a default model or D2 is the testing model defined by a RAN4 specification. In some aspects, the UE may develop and provide D2 to the network entity. Alternatively, the UE may run inference using E2D2 and the results vhat_ref and / or SGCS_ref, are provided to the network entity.
[0162] As indicated above, Figs. 6A and 6B are provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Figs. 6A and 6B.
[0163] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating examples of network side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0164] In some aspects, the network entity may trigger network-side monitoring (step 0a) and / or trigger nominal CSI report via AI / ML (step 0b) . The UE may transmit ground-truth reporting (step 1a) and / or nominal CSI reporting via E2 (step 1b) .
[0165] The network entity may perform first inference checking of second encoder-first decoder pair E2D1 vs. first encoder-first decoder pair E1D1. If the issue is not because of E2 or SGCS_ref is bad, or both SGCS_ref and SGCS are bad, the network entity may perform second inference checking of E2D1 vs. second encoder-second decoder pair E2D2 or of E1D1 vs. first encoder-second decoder pair E1D2. The network entity may identify the cause of any degradation according to the tables shown in example 700. Specifically, if both SGCS of E2D1 and SGCS_ref of E1D1 are good (e.g., satisfy a degradation threshold) , then encoder E2 is good (no issue) . If SGCS of E2D1 is bad (e.g., does not satisfy a degradation threshold) , but SGCS_ref of E1D1 is good, then the issue is due to the UE side (e.g., due to bad E2 training, faulty operation during inference) or an operability issue. If the SGCS_ref of E1D1 is bad, it may be due to a network-side issue (D1) or data drift. More specifically, for detecting a network-side D1 issue, if SGCS_ref of E1D1 is bad but SGCS_Ref1 of E1D2 is good, then performance degradation is due to the network-side D1 issue (due to bad D1 training, faulty operation during inference) or an interoperability issue. If both are bad, then performance degradation is due to data drift.
[0166] In some aspects, the network entity may transmit a trigger to the UE for sending ground-truth reporting from the UE-side (step 0a) , or the ground-truth reporting is UE-initiated. The UE may report the ground-truth per network trigger (1a) . In some aspects, the ground-truth report trigger may be transmitted together with the nominal AI / ML CSI report trigger (0b) or with separate triggering. In some aspects, the ground-truth report may be transmitted with the nominal CSI reporting via E2 inference in the same signaling. In some aspects, the network entity may determine to not perform decoder issue checking after the UE-side encoder checking.
[0167] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 7.
[0168] Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating examples of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0169] In some aspects, a UE may monitor for degradation and identify a cause of the degradation. The UE may use an SGCS estimator to estimate an SGCS of E2D1, or use a reference SGCS estimator to estimate a reference SGCS (estimate an SGCS of E1D1) .
[0170] Example 800 shows that if the UE trains E2 based on inter-vendor collaboration option with E1 sharing (3a / 5a-1) , the UE builds D1’ that is compatible with E1, and the UE develops Est_ref1 to monitor the output of E1D1’ (Est_ref1 produces the SGCS estimate of E1D1’ ) . Alternatively, along with the provision of E1, the network entity may develop Est_ref1 to monitoring the output of E1D1 and provide Est_ref1 to the UE. The UE develops E2 that is compatible with D1’ , and the UE develops Est to monitor the output of E2D1’ (Est produces the SGCS estimate of E2D1’ ) . At an inference phase, the UE runs inference for E2, Est, Est_ref1.
[0171] Example 802 shows if UE trains E2 based on inter-vendor collaboration option with D1 sharing (3a / 5a-2) . The UE develops E2 that is compatible with D1, and the UE develops Est to monitor the output of E2D1 (Est produces the SGCS estimate of E2D1) . The network entity develops Eet_ref1 to monitor the output of E1D1 (Est_ref1 produces the SGCS estimate of E1D1) and provides the Eet_ref1 to the UE, or the network entity shares {v, SGCS_ref1} and the UE develops Eet_ref1. At the inference phase, the UE runs E2, Est, Est_ref1.
[0172] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 8.
[0173] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example 900 of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0174] Example 900 shows if UE trains E2 based on inter-vendor collaboration option with E1 dataset sharing (4-1) , the UE builds E1’ D1’ using the shared dataset, and the UE develops Est_ref1 to monitor the output of E1’ D1’ (Est_ref1 produces the SGCS estimate of E1’ D1’ ) . The UE develops E2 that is compatible with D1’ , and the UE develops Est to monitor the output of E2D1’ (Est produces the SGCS estimate of E2D1’ ) . At the inference phase, the UE runs E1, E2, Est_ref1, Est_ref2.
[0175] Example 902 shows if UE trains E2 based on inter-vendor collaboration option with E1 dataset sharing (4-2) , the UE builds D1’ using the shared dataset. The UE develops E2 that is compatible with D1’ , and the UE develops Est to monitor the output of E2D1’ (Est produces the SGCS estimate of E2D1’ ) . The network entity may develop and provide Est_ref1 to the UE (Est_ref1 produces the SGCS estimate of E1D1’ ) , or the network entity shares {v, SGCS_ref1} and the UE develops Est_ref1. At the inference phase, the UE runs E1, E2, Est_ref1, Est_ref2.
[0176] In some aspects, the UE performs inference using SGCS estimator 1 (Est) to generate an SGCS estimate of the SGCS of E2D1. The UE performs inference using SGCS estimator ref (Est_ref1) to generate an SGCS_ref estimate of the SGCS of E1D1. The UE compares these two SGCSs (i.e., SGCS vs. SGCS_ref) , so as to identify the root cause. The cause may be due to E2. The UE may report both SGCSs or the better one. The SGCS estimator may be developed by the UE, but the SGCS estimator ref may be developed by the network entity and provided to the UE. In some aspects, the network entity may provide dataset information related to the SGCS estimator ref, and UE develop the SGCS estimator.
[0177] As indicated above, Fig. 9 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 9.
[0178] Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example 1000 of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0179] In some aspects, the network entity may trigger UE-side monitoring (step 0) . In some aspects, the UE-side monitoring is UE-initiated without the need of network triggering (step 0 is not needed) . The UE may perform inference checking via an SGCS estimator for E2D1 vs. E1D1 (step 1) . The UE may transmit an indication of SGCS and SGCS_ref (step 2) . For the reporting of SGCS and SGCS_ref, the UE may explicitly report both values. The UE may report their gap (i.e., SGCS-SGCS_ref or |SGCS-SGCS_ref|) . The UE may report 1 bit indicating which SGCS is better or whether SGCS_ref is better than SGCS by a threshold. The UE may report each of them, whether they are above a configured or pre-determined threshold. In some aspects, the UE may report the SGCS based at least in part on an event, such as whether SGCS_ref is greater than SGCS by a threshold, or whether SGCS is lower than a threshold. The network entity may identify the cause of any degradation according to the table shown in example 1000. Specifically, if both SGCS of E2D1 and SGCS_ref of E1D1 are good, then encoder E2 is good (no issue) . If SGCS of E2D1 is bad but SGCS_ref of E1D1 is good, then the issue is due to the UE-side (e.g., due to bad E2 training, faulty operation during inference) or an operability issue. If SGCS_ref of E1D1 is bad, it may be due to NW side issue (D1) or data drift.
[0180] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 10.
[0181] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example 1100 of hybrid monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0182] In some aspects, the network entity may trigger UE-side monitoring (step 0) . In some aspects, the UE-side monitoring is UE-initiated without the need of network triggering (no need of step 0) . The UE may calculate an SGCS of E2D1 (step 1) as an SGCS estimate of actual encoder-decoder pair E2D1 that is used to generate the nominal AI / ML CSI feedback. The UE may report the SGCS estimate (step 2) .
[0183] The network entity may evaluate the SGCS estimate of E2D1. Based at least in part on the evaluation of SGCS estimate of E2D1 (e.g., if SGCS of E2D1 is bad) , the network entity may trigger and receive ground-truth reporting (steps 3 and 4) occasionally. The network entity may perform a first inference checking using E1D1, calculate SGCS_ref of E1D1, and compare SGCS and SGCS_ref (step 5) . If the issue is not because of E2 or SGCS_ref is bad, or both SGCS_ref and SGCS are bad, then the network entity may perform a second inference checking of D1: E2D1 vs. E2D2 or E1D1 vs. E1D2. The network entity may identify the cause of any degradation according to the tables shown in example 1100. Specifically, if both SGCS of E2D1 and SGCS_ref of E1D1 are good, then encoder E2 is good (no issue) . If SGCS of E2D1 is bad but SGCS_ref of E1D1 is good, then the issue is due to the UE-side (e.g., due to bad E2 training, faulty operation during inference) or an operability issue. If SGCS_ref of E1D1 is bad, SGCS_ref may be bad due to a network-side issue (e.g., D1) or data drift. More specifically, for detecting a network-side D1 issue, if SGCS_ref of E1D1 is bad but SGCS_Ref1 of E1D2 is good, then performance degradation is due to a network-side D1 issue (due to bad D1 training, faulty operation during inference) or an interoperability issue. If both are bad, then performance degradation is due to data drift.
[0184] As indicated above, Fig. 11 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 11.
[0185] Fig. 12 is a diagram illustrating examples of UE-side monitoring, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0186] Example 1200 shows UE-side monitoring of D1 via D2 and / or an SGCS estimator for D2. Example 1202 shows UE-side monitoring of D1. Along with developing E2, the UE-side develops D2 and / or SGCS estimator Est_ref2, which is to estimate the SGCS_ref of E2D2. At the inference phase, UE runs E2, UE runs Est to predict the SGCS of E2D1, and UE runs Est_ref2 to predict the SGCS of E1D1. Alternatively, UE runs D2 to generate v_ref_hat, and calculates SGCS_ref2 (v, v_ref_hat) . The UE reports SGCS_ref2.
[0187] As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with regard to Fig. 12.
[0188] Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1300 performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example where the apparatus or the network entity (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with identifying degradation associated with CSI compression (e.g., encoding and decoding) .
[0189] As shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include receiving a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE (block 1310) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using reception component 1702 and / or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE, as described above.
[0190] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report (block 1320) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report, as described above.
[0191] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking (block 1330) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking, as described above.
[0192] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1300 may include updating an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder (block 1340) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may update an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder, as described above. The update may be for a CSI generation model or parameter (for an encoder) or a CSI reconstruction model or parameter (for a decoder) .
[0193] Process 1300 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0194] In a first aspect, the identifying includes identifying that there is an issue with a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair if the second encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-first decoder pair. In some aspects, process 1300 includes, if both the first encoder-first decoder pair and the second encoder-first decoder pair suffer degradation that satisfies a degradation threshold, performing second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and the identifying includes identifying whether there is an issue with a decoder or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.
[0195] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the identifying includes identifying an issue with a first decoder of the first encoder-first decoder pair if the first encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-second decoder pair.
[0196] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the identifying includes identifying an issue with the data drift if a degradation of the first encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the second encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair, and a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair each do not satisfy a degradation threshold.
[0197] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair is developed at the network entity.
[0198] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, process 1300 includes receiving information indicating a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair.
[0199] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, process 1300 includes transmitting a trigger to a UE for network-side monitoring that is associated with the ground-truth report.
[0200] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, process 1300 includes triggering a nominal CSI report, and receiving the nominal CSI report.
[0201] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, performing the first inference checking includes calculating an SGCS output between a first encoder input and a first decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.
[0202] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, performing the first inference checking includes calculating one or more of an SGCS output between a second encoder input and a first decoder output, an SGCS output between a first encoder input and a first decoder output, or an SGCS output between the second encoder input and the first decoder output.
[0203] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, performing the first inference checking includes calculating a reference SGCS output between a first encoder input and a second decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.
[0204] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, process 1300 includes receiving a SGCS output or a reference decoder output.
[0205] Although Fig. 13 shows example blocks of process 1300, in some aspects, process 1300 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 13. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1300 may be performed in parallel.
[0206] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at a network entity or an apparatus of a network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1400 is an example where the apparatus or the network entity (e.g., network node 110) performs operations associated with identifying a cause of degradation of CSI compression.
[0207] As shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair (block 1410) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using reception component 1702 and / or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may receive an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair, as described above.
[0208] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output (block 1420) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output, as described above.
[0209] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating (block 1430) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating, as described above.
[0210] As further shown in Fig. 13, in some aspects, process 1400 may include updating an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder (block 1440) . For example, the network entity (e.g., using communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may update an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder, as described above. The update may be for a CSI generation model or parameter (for an encoder) or a CSI reconstruction model or parameter (for a decoder) .
[0211] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0212] In a first aspect, process 1400 includes transmitting a trigger of ground-truth reporting based at least in part on the evaluating, receiving a ground truth report, performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the ground-truth report and the SGCS output, and identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. In some aspects, process 1400 includes if the issue is not with the second encoder, performing second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and the identifying the cause includes identifying the cause to be an issue with a decoder or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.
[0213] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1400 includes receiving an indication of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair that is calculated at a UE.
[0214] Although Fig. 14 shows example blocks of process 1400, in some aspects, process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 14. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.
[0215] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a UE or an apparatus of a UE, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example where the apparatus or the UE (e.g., UE 120) performs operations associated with identifying a cause of degradation of CSI compression.
[0216] As shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include performing a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair (block 1510) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair, as described above.
[0217] As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair (block 1520) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair, as described above.
[0218] As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output (block 1530) . For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output, as described above.
[0219] As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting an indication of the cause (block 1540) . For example, the UE (e.g., using transmission component 1604 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may transmit an indication of the cause, as described above.
[0220] In some aspects, the process 1500 may include updating an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder. For example, the UE (e.g., using communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may update an encoder model or parameter based at least in part on identification of an issue with an encoder, as described above. The update may be for a CSI generation model or parameter (for an encoder) or a CSI reconstruction model or parameter (for a decoder) .
[0221]
[0222] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0223] In a first aspect, process 1500 includes performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the SGCS output, and identifying a cause of an issue with a decoder or a data drift based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0224] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, process 1500 includes developing a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair.
[0225] Although Fig. 15 shows example blocks of process 1500, in some aspects, process 1500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 15. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1500 may be performed in parallel.
[0226] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1600 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1600 may be a UE, or a UE may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 includes a reception component 1602, a transmission component 1604, and / or a communication manager 1606, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 is the communication manager 140 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1600 may communicate with another apparatus 1608, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a network entity) , using the reception component 1602 and the transmission component 1604.
[0227] In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-12. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1500 of Fig. 15. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may include one or more components of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0228] The reception component 1602 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1608. The reception component 1602 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0229] The transmission component 1604 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1600 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1604 for transmission to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the UE described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may be co-located with the reception component 1602 in one or more transceivers.
[0230] The communication manager 1606 may support operations of the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604. For example, the communication manager 1606 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1602 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1604. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1606 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0231] The communication manager 1606 may perform a first inference using an SGCS estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair. The communication manager 1606 may perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair. The communication manager 1606 may identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output. The transmission component 1604 may transmit an indication of the cause.
[0232] The communication manager 1606 may perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the SGCS output. The communication manager 1606 may identify a cause of an issue with a decoder, or a data drift based at least in part on the first inference checking. The communication manager 1606 may develop a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair.
[0233] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 16 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 16. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 16 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 16.
[0234] Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1700 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1700 may be a network entity, or a network entity may include the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 includes a reception component 1702, a transmission component 1704, and / or a communication manager 1706, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1706 is the communication manager 150 described in connection with Fig. 1. As shown, the apparatus 1700 may communicate with another apparatus 1708, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a network entity) , using the reception component 1702 and the transmission component 1704.
[0235] In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 1-12. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1300 of Fig. 13, process 1400 of Fig. 14, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may include one or more components of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0236] The reception component 1702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1708. The reception component 1702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.
[0237] The transmission component 1704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1704 for transmission to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the network entity described in connection with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may be co-located with the reception component 1702 in one or more transceivers.
[0238] The communication manager 1706 may support operations of the reception component 1702 and / or the transmission component 1704. For example, the communication manager 1706 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1702 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1704. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1706 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1702 and / or the transmission component 1704 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0239] In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a UE. The communication manager 1706 may perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report. The communication manager 1706 may identify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0240] The reception component 1702 may receive information indicating a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair. The transmission component 1704 may transmit a trigger to a UE for network-side monitoring that is associated with the ground-truth report.
[0241] The communication manager 1706 may trigger a nominal CSI report. The reception component 1702 may receive the nominal CSI report. The reception component 1702 may receive a reference SGCS output or a reference decoder output.
[0242] In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may receive an SGCS output calculated by a UE as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair. The communication manager 1706 may evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output. The communication manager 1706 may identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating.
[0243] The transmission component 1704 may transmit a trigger of ground-truth reporting based at least in part on the evaluating. The reception component 1702 may receive a ground truth report.
[0244] The communication manager 1706 may perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the ground-truth report and the SGCS output. The communication manager 1706 may identify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking. The reception component 1702 may receive an indication of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair that is calculated at a UE.
[0245] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 17 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 17. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 17 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 17.
[0246] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0247] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: receiving a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a user equipment (UE) ; performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report; and identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0248] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the identifying includes identifying that there is an issue with a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair if the second encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-first decoder pair.
[0249] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, further comprising, if both the first encoder-first decoder pair and the second encoder-first decoder pair suffer degradation that satisfies a degradation threshold, performing second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and wherein the identifying includes identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder, a decoder, or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.
[0250] Aspect 4: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the identifying includes identifying an issue with a first decoder of the first encoder-first decoder pair if the first encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-second decoder pair.
[0251] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 3, wherein the identifying includes identifying an issue with the data drift if a degradation of the first encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the second encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair, and a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair each do not satisfy a degradation threshold.
[0252] Aspect 6: The method of Aspect 3, wherein a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair is developed at the network entity.
[0253] Aspect 7: The method of Aspect 3, further comprising receiving information indicating a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair.
[0254] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, further comprising transmitting a trigger to a user equipment for network-side monitoring that is associated with the ground-truth report.
[0255] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, further comprising: triggering a nominal CSI report; and receiving the nominal CSI report.
[0256] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, wherein performing the first inference checking includes calculating a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a first encoder input and a first decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.
[0257] Aspect 11: The method of Aspect 9, wherein performing the first inference checking includes calculating one or more of: a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a second encoder input and a first decoder output, an SGCS output between a first encoder input and a first decoder output, or an SGCS output between the second encoder input and the first decoder output.
[0258] Aspect 12: The method of Aspect 9, wherein performing the first inference checking includes calculating a reference squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a first encoder input and a second decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.
[0259] Aspect 13: The method of any of Aspects 1-12, further comprising receiving a reference squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output or a reference decoder output.
[0260] Aspect 14: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: receiving a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output calculated by a user equipment as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair; evaluating the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output; and identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the evaluating
[0261] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, further comprising: transmitting a trigger of ground-truth reporting based at least in part on the evaluating; receiving a ground truth report; performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the ground-truth report and the SGCS output; and identifying whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0262] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 14-15, further comprising, if both the first encoder-first decoder pair and the second encoder-first decoder pair suffer degradation that satisfies a degradation threshold, performing second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and wherein the identifying the cause includes identifying the cause to be an issue with a decoder or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.
[0263] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 14-16, further comprising receiving an indication of a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output of a second encoder-first decoder pair that is calculated at a user equipment.
[0264] Aspect 18: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: performing a first inference using a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair; performing a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair; and identifying a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output; and transmitting an indication of the cause.
[0265] Aspect 19: The method of Aspect 18, further comprising: performing first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the SGCS output; and identifying whether there is an issue with a decoder or a data drift based at least in part on the first inference checking.
[0266] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 18-19, further comprising developing a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair.
[0267] Aspect 21: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving a trigger for a ground-truth report of an encoder input at the UE; and transmitting the ground-truth report in response to the trigger.
[0268] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, further comprising transmitting a ground-truth report per trigger.
[0269] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 21, further comprising transmitting a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output prior to receiving the trigger.
[0270] Aspect 24: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: receiving a trigger for a nominal channel state information (CSI) report for an encoder at the UE; transmitting the nominal CSI report in response to the trigger.
[0271] Aspect 25: A method of wireless communication performed by a network entity, comprising: receiving a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output of a second encoder-first decoder inference; transmitting a trigger for a ground-truth report based at least in part on a determination that the SGCS output does not satisfy a degradation threshold.
[0272] Aspect 26: The method of Aspect 25, further comprising: performing inference of a first encoder-first decoder pair using the ground-truth report to obtain an output of the first encoder-first decoder pair; calculating a reference SGCS output using the ground-truth report and the output of the first encoder-first decoder pair; comparing the reference SGCS and an SGCS estimate of the second encoder-first decoder pair reported by a user equipment; and updating a model or parameter of an encoder or a decoder based at least in part on whether there is an issue with the encoder or the decoder determined from the comparing.
[0273] Aspect 27: The method of Aspect 25, further comprising: performing inference of a first encoder-first decoder pair using the ground-truth report to obtain an output of the first encoder-first decoder pair; calculating a reference SGCS output using the ground-truth report and the output of the first encoder-first decoder pair; comparing the reference SGCS and an actual SGCS output of the second encoder-first decoder pair; and updating a model or parameter of an encoder or a decoder based at least in part on whether there is an issue with the encoder or the decoder determined from the comparing.
[0274] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein the actual SGCS output is based at least in part on a result of an output of inference of a first decoder of the first encoder-first decoder pair with a nominal CSI report as an input and the ground-truth report.
[0275] Aspect 29: A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment (UE) , comprising: transmitting a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output of a second encoder-first decoder inference; and receiving a trigger for a ground-truth report.
[0276] Aspect 30: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0277] Aspect 31: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0278] Aspect 32: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0279] Aspect 33: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0280] Aspect 34: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0281] Aspect 35: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0282] Aspect 36: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-29.
[0283] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0284] As used herein, the term “component” is intended to be broadly construed as hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented in hardware, firmware, or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, the phrase “based on” is intended to be broadly construed to mean “based at least in part on. ” As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c.
[0285] Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” is intended to include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (for example, related items, unrelated items, or a combination of related and unrelated items) , and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are intended to be open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A also may have B) . Further, as used herein, the term “or” is intended to be inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) .
[0286] The various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules, circuits and algorithm processes described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. The interchangeability of hardware and software has been described generally, in terms of functionality, and illustrated in the various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits and processes described herein. Whether such functionality is implemented in hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0287] The hardware and data processing apparatus used to implement the various illustrative logics, logical blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose single-or multi-chip processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor also may be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. In some aspects, particular processes and methods may be performed by circuitry that is specific to a given function.
[0288] In one or more aspects, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, digital electronic circuitry, computer software, firmware, including the structures disclosed in this specification and their structural equivalents thereof, or in any combination thereof. Aspects of the subject matter described in this specification also can be implemented as one or more computer programs (such as one or more modules of computer program instructions) encoded on a computer storage media for execution by, or to control the operation of, a data processing apparatus.
[0289] If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. The processes of a method or algorithm disclosed herein may be implemented in a processor-executable software module which may reside on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that can be enabled to transfer a computer program from one place to another. A storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that may be used to store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a computer. Also, any connection can be properly termed a computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, includes compact disc (CD) , laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the media described herein should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media. Additionally, the operations of a method or algorithm may reside as one or any combination or set of codes and instructions on a machine readable medium and computer-readable medium, which may be incorporated into a computer program product.
[0290] Various modifications to the aspects described in this disclosure may be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be accorded the widest scope consistent with this disclosure, the principles and the novel features disclosed herein.
[0291] Additionally, a person having ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate, the terms “upper” and “lower” are sometimes used for ease of describing the figures, and indicate relative positions corresponding to the orientation of the figure on a properly oriented page, and may not reflect the proper orientation of any device as implemented.
[0292] Certain features that are described in this specification in the context of separate aspects also can be implemented in combination in a single aspect. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single aspect also can be implemented in multiple aspects separately or in any suitable subcombination. Moreover, although features may be described as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed as such, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some cases be excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may be directed to a subcombination or variation of a subcombination.
[0293] Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. Further, the drawings may schematically depict one more example processes in the form of a flow diagram. However, other operations that are not depicted can be incorporated in the example processes that are schematically illustrated. For example, one or more additional operations can be performed before, after, simultaneously, or between any of the illustrated operations. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation of various system components in the aspects described should not be understood as requiring such separation in all aspects, and it should be understood that the described program components and systems can generally be integrated together in a single software product or packaged into multiple software products. Additionally, other aspects are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions recited in the claims can be performed in a different order and still achieve desirable results.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to:receive a ground-truth report of an encoder input at a user equipment (UE) ;perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the ground-truth report; andupdate a channel state information (CSI) generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, wherein whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.2.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to identify that there is an issue with a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair if the second encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-first decoder pair.3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to, if both the first encoder-first decoder pair and the second encoder-first decoder pair suffer degradation that satisfies a degradation threshold, perform second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and wherein to update the CSI generation model or the CSI reconstruction model, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to identify whether there is an issue with a decoder or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.4.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to identify an issue with a first decoder of the first encoder-first decoder pair if the first encoder-first decoder pair has greater degradation than the first encoder-second decoder pair.5.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to identify an issue with the data drift if a degradation of the first encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the second encoder-first decoder pair, a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair, and a degradation of the first encoder-second decoder pair each do not satisfy a degradation threshold.6.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair is developed at the network entity.7.The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to receive information indicating a second decoder of the first encoder-second decoder pair.8.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to transmit a trigger to a user equipment for network-side monitoring that is associated with the ground-truth report.9.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to:trigger a nominal CSI report; andreceive the nominal CSI report.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to perform the first inference checking, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to calculate a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a second encoder input and a first decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to perform the first inference checking, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to calculate one or more of:a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a second encoder input and a first decoder output,an SGCS output between a first encoder input and a first decoder output, oran SGCS output between the second encoder input and the first decoder output.12.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein to perform the first inference checking, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to calculate a reference squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output between a first encoder input and a second decoder output based at least in part on the nominal CSI report.13.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to receive a reference squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output or a reference decoder output.14.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to:receive a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output calculated by a user equipment as an estimate of an SGCS output of a second encoder-first decoder pair;evaluate the second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the SGCS output; andupdate a channel state information (CSI) generation model or a CSI reconstruction model, based at least in part on whether there is an issue with an encoder, wherein whether there is the issue with the encoder is based at least in part on the first interference checking.15.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to:transmit a trigger of ground-truth reporting based at least in part on the evaluating;receive a ground truth report;perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair based at least in part on the ground-truth report and the SGCS output; andidentify whether there is an issue with an encoder based at least in part on the first inference checking.16.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to, if both the first encoder-first decoder pair and the second encoder-first decoder pair suffer degradation that satisfies a degradation threshold, perform second inference checking between a second encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-second decoder pair or between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a first encoder-second decoder pair, and wherein to update the CSI generation model or the CSI reconstruction model, the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to identify the cause to be an issue with a decoder or a data drift further based at least in part on the second inference checking.17.The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the network entity to receive an indication of a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) output of a second encoder-first decoder pair that is calculated at a user equipment.18.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories; andone or more processors, coupled to the one or more memories, individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to:perform a first inference using a squared generalized cosine similarity (SGCS) estimator to generate an SGCS output estimate for a second encoder-first decoder pair;perform a second inference using an SGCS reference estimator to generate a reference SGCS output estimate for a first encoder-first decoder pair; andidentify a cause of an issue with an encoder based at least in part on a comparison of the SGCS output estimate and the reference SGCS estimate output; andtransmit an indication of the cause.19.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to:perform first inference checking between a first encoder-first decoder pair and a second encoder-first decoder pair with respect to the SGCS output; andidentify whether there is an issue with a decoder or a data drift based at least in part on the first inference checking.20.The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively configured to cause the UE to develop a second encoder of the second encoder-first decoder pair.
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