Wireless communication methods and multi-link device

Abstract

Provided are wireless communication methods and a multi-link device (MLD). A wireless communication method comprises: a first MLD sending a first request frame to a second MLD over a first-type link, wherein the first request frame is used for requesting the switching of a BSS where a current second-type link of a non-AP MLD is located. In the present application, switching can be requested on a first-type link to assist a non-AP MLD in selecting a target AP MLD for a second-type link (e.g., a millimeter wave link) during switching, thereby avoiding problems caused by the non-AP MLD passively waiting for the second-type link to become idle.

Description

Wireless communication method and multi-link device TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and more particularly, to a wireless communication method and a multi-link device. BACKGROUND

[0002] Millimeter wave (MMW) has many attractive advantages, and there is abundant spectrum in most areas. Moreover, the directional transmission and large propagation loss of millimeter wave result in low interference level and more multiplexing opportunities. Therefore, more and more researches are directed to millimeter wave. For millimeter wave, there are still many directions to be improved.

[0003] For example, when the selected target AP (or switching target AP or target switching AP) is in a transmission state on a millimeter wave link, the related art can cause the problem that the non-AP STA cannot switch the AP in time. In addition, if the service type of the to-be-transmitted data is a low-latency service, the failure to switch the AP in time can cause the problem that the transmission requirement of the low-latency service cannot be met.

[0004] SUMMARY

[0005] The present application provides a wireless communication method and a multi-link device. The various aspects involved in the present application are introduced below.

[0006] In a first aspect, a wireless communication method is provided. The method comprises: a first multi-link device (MLD) sending a first request frame to a second MLD on a first type of link; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a basic service set (BSS) in which a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) currently stays on a second type of link.

[0007] In a second aspect, a wireless communication method is provided. The method comprises: a second multi-link device MLD receiving a first request frame sent by a first MLD on a first type of link; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a basic service set (BSS) in which a non-AP MLD currently stays on a second type of link.

[0008] In a third aspect, a wireless communication method is provided. The method includes one or more of the following: a non-AP MLD receiving, on a first type of link and / or a second type of link, a first frame sent by a first AP MLD; the non-AP MLD sending, on the first type of link and / or the second type of link, the first frame to the first AP MLD; the non-AP MLD receiving second information; wherein a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

[0009] In a fourth aspect, a wireless communication method is provided. The method includes one or more of the following: a first AP MLD sending, on a first type of link and / or a second type of link, a first frame to a non-AP MLD; the first AP MLD receiving, on the first type of link and / or the second type of link, the first frame sent by the non-AP MLD; the first AP MLD sending second information; wherein the first frame is sent or received by the non-AP MLD, a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

[0010] In a fifth aspect, a wireless communication method is provided. The method includes: a second AP MLD receiving a first indication frame; wherein the first indication frame is used to indicate one or more of the following: an identity of a first AP MLD; an identity of a second type of link; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; a first measurement result; wherein the first measurement result is a measurement result of a first frame, the first frame being sent by the first AP MLD or a non-AP MLD on a first type of link, and the first measurement result is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link.

[0011] In a sixth aspect, an MLD is provided. The MLD is a first MLD, and the MLD includes: a first sending unit configured to send, on a first type of link, a first request frame to a second MLD; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching of a non-AP MLD from a BSS in which the non-AP MLD is currently located.

[0012] In a seventh aspect, a MLD is provided, the MLD being a second MLD, the MLD comprising: a first receiving unit, configured to receive, on a first type of link, a first request frame transmitted by a first MLD; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching of a non-AP MLD from a BSS in which the non-AP MLD is currently located.

[0013] In an eighth aspect, a non-AP MLD is provided, the non-AP MLD comprising one or more of: a second receiving unit, configured to receive, on a first type of link and / or a second type of link, a first frame transmitted by a first AP MLD; a second transmitting unit, configured to transmit, on the first type of link and / or the second type of link, the first frame to the first AP MLD; and a fifth receiving unit, configured to receive second information; wherein a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD is switched from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

[0014] In a ninth aspect, an AP MLD is provided, the AP MLD being a first AP MLD, the AP MLD comprising: one or more of: a third transmitting unit, configured to transmit, on a first type of link and / or a second type of link, a first frame to a non-AP MLD; a third receiving unit, configured to receive, on the first type of link and / or the second type of link, the first frame transmitted by the non-AP MLD; and a fourth transmitting unit, configured to transmit second information; wherein the first frame is transmitted or received by the non-AP MLD, a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD is switched from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

[0015] In a tenth aspect, an AP MLD is provided. The AP MLD is a second AP MLD. The AP MLD includes a fourth receiving unit configured to receive a first indication frame. The first indication frame is configured to indicate one or more of: an identity of a first AP MLD; an identity of a second type of link of the non-AP MLD; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; the first measurement result; and the first measurement result is a measurement result of a first frame transmitted by a first AP MLD or a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) on a first type of link, and the first measurement result is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a current second type of link.

[0016] In an eleventh aspect, a communication device is provided. The communication device is an MLD. The communication device includes a processor and a memory. The memory is configured to store one or more computer programs. The processor is configured to invoke the computer programs in the memory to cause the communication device to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the various aspects described above.

[0017] In a twelfth aspect, a communication system is provided. The system includes the MLD described above. In another possible design, the system can further include other devices interacting with the MLD in the solutions provided by the embodiments.

[0018] In a thirteenth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is provided. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program. The computer program causes an MLD to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the various aspects described above.

[0019] In a fourteenth aspect, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program. The computer program is operable to cause an MLD to perform some or all of the steps in the methods of the various aspects described above. In some implementations, the computer program product can be a software installation package.

[0020] In a fifteenth aspect, a chip is provided. The chip includes a memory and a processor. The processor can invoke and run a computer program from the memory to implement some or all of the steps described in the methods of the various aspects described above.

[0021] Based on the present disclosure, a switch can be requested on a first type of link, thereby assisting a non-AP MLD in selecting a target AP MLD of a second type of link (e.g., a millimeter wave link) in a switching process, to avoid problems caused by passive waiting for the second type of link to be idle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless communication system to which embodiments of the present application are applied.

[0023] FIG. 2A is an example diagram of a multi-AP cooperation scenario with a center node.

[0024] FIG. 2B is an example diagram of a multi-AP cooperation scenario without a center node.

[0025] FIG. 3 is an example diagram of a BSS transition management (BTM) procedure.

[0026] FIG. 4A is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 4B is a schematic flowchart of another wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of another wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of another wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of another wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG. 8 is an example diagram of a format of a first indication frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] FIG. 9 is an example diagram of a format of a BSS transition management request frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] FIG. 10A is an example diagram of a format of elements in a first request frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] FIG. 10B is an example diagram of a format of another first request frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] FIG. 11 is an example diagram of a format of elements in a first response frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] FIG. 12 is an example diagram of a format of a second frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0037] FIG. 13 is an example diagram of a format of an access categories (AC) report frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0038] FIG. 14 is an example diagram of a format of an AC trigger frame provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0039] FIG. 15A is an example of a format of an indication frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0040] FIG. 15B is an example of a format of a BF information frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0041] FIG. 15C is an example of a format of elements in a BF request frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0042] FIG. 15D is an example of a format of elements in a BF response frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] FIG. 16A is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0044] FIG. 16B is a schematic flow chart of another wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] FIG. 17 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] FIG. 18 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0047] FIG. 19 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] FIG. 20 is a schematic flow chart of a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0049] FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an MLD 2100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an MLD 2200 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0051] FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-AP MLD 2300 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0052] FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP MLD 2400 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP MLD 2500 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for communication according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solutions in the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0056] Communication system

[0057] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, for example, a wireless local area network (WLAN), a wireless fidelity (WiFi), a high performance radio local area network (HIPELAN), a wide area network (WAN), a cellular network or other communication systems, and the like. For another example, the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application can be applied to a communication system using an 802.11 standard. Exemplarily, the 802.11 standard includes but is not limited to an 802.11ax standard, an 802.11be standard, a more next generation 802.11 standard, and the like.

[0058] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system to which the embodiments of the present application are applicable. Referring to FIG. 1, communication devices in a communication system 100 can include an access point (AP) 111, an AP 112, a station (STA) 121 and a STA 122, wherein the STA 121 can access a network through the AP 111, and the STA 122 can access the network through the AP 112.

[0059] In some implementations, a STA can establish an association relationship with one or more APs, and then the STA and the APs having the association relationship can communicate with each other. Referring to FIG. 1, the AP 111 and the STA 121 can communicate with each other after establishing an association relationship, and the AP 112 and the STA 122 can communicate with each other after establishing an association relationship.

[0060] In some implementations, the communication in the communication system 100 can be communication between an AP and a non-AP STA, communication between non-AP STAs, or communication between a STA and a peer STA, wherein the peer STA can refer to a device communicating with the STA, for example, the peer STA can be an AP or a non-AP STA.

[0061] It should be understood that FIG. 1 exemplarily shows two AP STAs and two non-AP STAs, and the communication system 100 can include a larger number of AP STAs, or the communication system 100 can include other numbers of non-AP STAs, which are not limited by the embodiments of the present application.

[0062] In addition, the communication system can be applied to a multi-device cooperation scenario, such as a multi-AP (multiple access points, multi-AP) cooperation scenario or a multi-site cooperation scenario.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present application, the names of the AP and / or the STA are not limited. In some scenarios, the AP can also be referred to as an AP STA, that is, in a certain sense, the AP is also a kind of STA. In other scenarios, the STA can also be referred to as a non-AP STA (non-AP STA).

[0064] In some scenarios, the communication device described above can also be a multi-link device (MLD), that is, a device that can communicate through multiple communication links, where the multiple communication links can include communication links of different frequency bands, for example, can include millimeter wave frequency bands and / or low frequency frequency bands. Generally, if the multi-link device is an AP, the AP can also be referred to as an AP MLD. If the multi-link device is a non-AP STA, the STA can also be referred to as a non-AP STA MLD.

[0065] In the embodiments of the present application, the AP can be a device in a wireless network. The AP can be a communication server, a router, a switch, a network bridge, or the like, or the AP can include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, and the like. Of course, the AP can also be a chip or a circuit or a processing system in these various forms of devices, thereby implementing the methods and functions of the embodiments of the present application. The AP can be applied to various scenarios, such as a sensor node in a smart city (such as a smart water meter, a smart electricity meter, a smart air detection node), a smart device in a smart home (such as a smart camera, a projector, a display screen, a television, a sound system, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc.), a node in the Internet of Things, an entertainment terminal (such as an AR, a VR, and the like wearable device), a smart device in a smart office (such as a printer, a projector, etc.), a vehicle-to-vehicle device in vehicle-to-vehicle networking, some infrastructure in daily life (such as a vending machine, a self-service navigation station in a supermarket, a self-service checkout device, a self-service ordering machine), and the like.

[0066] In some implementations, the role of the STA in the communication system is not absolute, and in some scenarios, the STA can act as an AP. For example, in the scenario of a mobile phone connecting a router, the mobile phone can be a non-AP STA, and in the case of the mobile phone acting as a hotspot for other mobile phones, the mobile phone acts as an AP.

[0067] In the embodiments of the present application, the STA in the embodiments of the present application can be a device with wireless transceiving function, for example, can support 802.11 series protocol, can communicate with an AP or other STA, for example, the STA is any user communication device allowing a user to communicate with an AP and then communicate with a WLAN. The STA is, for example, a user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a mobile terminal (MT), an access terminal, a user unit, a user station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, a user agent or a user device, etc.

[0068] The STA in the embodiments of the present application can also be a device providing voice / data connectivity to a user, for example, a handheld device with wireless connection function, a vehicle-mounted device, etc. For example, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a notebook computer, a palm computer, a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, a virtual reality (VR) device, an augmented reality (AR) device, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical surgery, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld device with wireless communication function, a computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, a vehicle-mounted device, a wearable device, a terminal device in a 5G network or a terminal device in a future evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0069] By way of example and not limitation, in embodiments of the present application, the STA can also be a wearable device. The wearable device can also be referred to as a wearable smart device, which is a general term for devices that are designed and developed by applying wearable technology to daily wear, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. For example, smart watches or smart glasses, and devices that focus on a certain type of application function and need to be used in cooperation with other devices, such as smart phones, such as various types of smart bracelets, smart jewelry, and the like, for monitoring vital signs.

[0070] In addition, in embodiments of the present application, the STA can also be a terminal device in an Internet of Things (IoT) system. IoT is an important part of the future development of information technology, and its main technical feature is to connect objects through communication technology and network to realize the intelligent network of man-machine interconnection and object-object interconnection. In embodiments of the present application, IoT technology can achieve massive connection, deep coverage, and terminal power saving through, for example, narrow band (NB) technology.

[0071] In addition, in embodiments of the present application, the STA can be a device in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. The communication mode in the V2X system is collectively referred to as V2X (X represents anything). For example, the V2X communication includes vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communication, or vehicle-to-network (V2N) communication, and the like.

[0072] In addition, in embodiments of the present application, the STA can also include a smart printer, a train detector, a gas station sensor, and the like, and the main functions include collecting data (part of the terminal device), receiving control information and downlink data of the AP, and transmitting electromagnetic waves to transmit data to the AP.

[0073] In addition, the AP in embodiments of the present application can be a device for communicating with the STA. The AP can be a network device in a wireless local area network, and the AP can be used for communicating with the STA through the wireless local area network.

[0074] From the perspective of the communication mode supported by the AP, in some implementation manners, the AP can be a device supporting the 802.11be mode. The AP can also be a device supporting multiple current and future WLAN modes of the 802.11 family, such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.

[0075] From the perspective of the communication standard supported by the STA, in some implementations, the non-AP STA can support the 802.11be standard. The non-AP STA can also support multiple current and future 802.11 family wireless local area network (WLAN) standards such as 802.11ax, 802.11ac, 802.11n, 802.11g, 802.11b, and 802.11a.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, the frequency band supported by the WLAN technology is not limited. In some implementations, the frequency band supported by the WLAN technology can include, but is not limited to, a low-frequency frequency band (such as 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, 6 GHz), a high-frequency frequency band (such as 45 GHz, 60 GHz).

[0077] It should be understood that the specific forms of the STA and the AP in the embodiments of the present application are not specially limited, and are only exemplary described herein.

[0078] Multi-AP cooperation

[0079] With the development of technology, some communication standards (such as IEEE 802.11UHR (Wi-Fi 8)) propose a technical solution of multi-AP cooperation. Multi-AP cooperation can allow multiple APs to share transmission resources to improve the utilization rate of transmission resources.

[0080] In multi-AP cooperation, the APs can communicate through high-capacity, low-latency optical fiber or wireless backhaul links.

[0081] In multi-AP cooperation, one of the APs, as an initiator, can negotiate with the remaining multiple APs to form a multi-AP candidate set. The initiator can be referred to as the coordinator of multi-AP cooperation, i.e., the center node, and can also be referred to as the master AP. In addition to the master AP, the remaining APs in the multi-AP candidate set are slave APs.

[0082] FIG. 2A is an example diagram of a multi-AP cooperation scenario with a center node. As shown in FIG. 2A, the master AP and the slave AP1-AP3 can form a multi-AP candidate set. The slave AP1-AP3 can all communicate with the master AP.

[0083] As the owner of the multi-AP candidate set, the master AP can broadcast the information of the candidate set through a beacon frame to discover the APs around it that have multi-AP cooperation capability and inform them to join the multi-AP candidate set. When multiple APs form a multi-AP candidate set, they can exchange information such as their respective capabilities, STAs participating in cooperation, and the like.

[0084] The master AP can select some of the slave APs from the current multi-AP candidate set that are capable of multi-AP cooperation to form a multi-AP operation set, and then the master AP can initiate multi-AP cooperation. Multi-AP cooperation can include channel sounding, joint transmission, and other functions. As shown in FIG. 2A, the master AP can communicate with all slave APs, and cooperation among all APs is coordinated by the master AP.

[0085] There can also be no master AP in multi-AP cooperation. FIG. 2B is an example diagram of a multi-AP cooperation scenario in which there is no master AP. Each AP in the multi-AP candidate set can announce its multi-AP capability in a beacon frame. The multi-AP operation set can be dynamically formed by the APs in the multi-AP candidate set, and the APs need to communicate with neighboring APs for coordination. As shown in FIG. 2B, AP1-AP4 can form a multi-AP candidate set. AP1-AP4 can all communicate with neighboring APs.

[0086] BSS transition management (BTM)

[0087] BTM can switch non-AP STAs to more suitable APs in an extended service set (ESS), which can effectively improve the throughput, effective data rate, and quality of service (QoS) requirements of non-AP STAs in the network.

[0088] As shown in FIG. 3, BTM technology defines two initiation modes: the first mode, "non-AP STA sends BSS transition management query frame to AP to trigger"; the second mode, "AP autonomously sends BSS transition management request frame to non-AP STA to initiate". In the first mode, the non-AP STA to be switched sends a BSS transition management query frame to the serving AP to request or provide a list of candidate APs for BSS switching, and the serving AP sends a BSS transition management request frame containing disassociation time information and multiple neighbor report elements describing candidate APs to the STA after receiving the frame. Alternatively, the serving AP can actively send a BSS transition management request frame. After receiving the BSS transition management request frame, the non-AP STA to be switched will perform switching evaluation and switching decision based on the obtained information, and can feed back the decision result to the serving AP through a BSS transition management response frame. If the non-AP STA to be switched decides to switch, it can disassociate from the serving AP after the disassociation timer in the BSS transition management request frame expires, and re-associate with the target AP.

[0089] Some communication standards (e.g., IEEE 802.11be [1]) extend the BTM technology to MLDs. BTM under MLDs can also follow the mode shown in FIG. 3. BTM under MLDs can also use one or more of the BSS transition management query frame, the BSS transition management request frame, and the BSS transition management response frame. The difference between BTM under MLDs and BTM under single-link devices is that BTM under MLDs adds a basic multi-link element to the neighbor report element in the BSS transition candidate list entries field of the above-mentioned three frame structures. The BSS transition candidate list entries field can be composed of multiple neighbor report elements describing candidate APs.

[0090] If the MLD transmitting the BSS transition candidate list entries field wants to recommend a candidate AP MLD instead of a certain affiliated AP of the AP MLD, the BSS transition candidate list entries field should include a neighbor report element describing any affiliated AP of the candidate AP MLD, and the neighbor report element should include a basic multi-link element without any per-STA profile field.

[0091] If the MLD transmitting the BSS switch candidate list entry field wants to recommend one or more affiliated AP MLDs of the candidate AP MLD, a neighbor report element describing one of the recommended affiliated APs should be included in the BSS switch candidate list entry field, and a basic multi-link element containing per-STA profile fields describing other recommended affiliated APs should be added to the neighbor report element. The link ID info field value contained in the common info field of the basic multi-link element is set to the value corresponding to the affiliated AP described in the neighbor report element.

[0092] millimeter wave

[0093] Millimeter wave has many attractive advantages. For example, millimeter wave has abundant spectrum in most areas. In addition, the directional transmission and large propagation loss of millimeter wave result in low interference level and more multiplexing opportunities. Therefore, more and more researches are focused on millimeter wave. In particular, recent researches focus on integrated millimeter wave (IMMW).

[0094] Millimeter wave can work in the high frequency band described above. Therefore, the millimeter wave link can include a high frequency link. For example, the millimeter wave link can include a 45 GHz link or a 60 GHz link.

[0095] Millimeter wave beam switching technology

[0096] In some communication standards (IEEE 802.11ad [2] and IEEE 802.11ay [3]), when the AP or non-AP STA discovers that the millimeter wave link communication quality decreases when communicating, beam tracking can be started to adjust the beam. When beam tracking cannot improve the communication quality, the AP and non-AP STA can re-perform beamforming training or start beam switching. In the beam switching process, the non-AP STA needs to be in passive scanning or active scanning mode, waiting to receive the beacon frame of the candidate AP, selecting the target AP according to the received signal strength, and starting beamforming training when the beamforming training period comes.

[0097] When the selected target AP is in the transmission state on the millimeter wave link, the related technology can cause the problem that the non-AP STA cannot switch the AP in time. In addition, if the service type of the data to be transmitted is a low latency service, the failure to switch the AP in time can cause the transmission demand of the low latency service to be unable to be met.

[0098] FIG. 4A is a schematic flowchart of a wireless communication method provided by an embodiment of the present application to solve the above problems. The method shown in FIG. 4A can be performed by part or all of the non-AP MLD, the first AP MLD, and the second AP MLD.

[0099] In some embodiments, the first AP MLD can include one or more BSS switch candidate AP MLDs (referred to as candidate AP MLDs). The candidate AP MLDs can be non-serving AP MLDs adjacent to the non-AP MLD. The candidate AP MLDs can be master AP MLDs or non-master AP MLDs (e.g., slave AP MLDs or AP MLDs under the multi-AP cooperation framework that do not include master AP MLDs) in a multi-AP cooperation framework.

[0100] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can be a switching non-AP MLD that needs to perform AP switching or BSS switching.

[0101] In some embodiments, the second AP MLD can include one or more of a master AP MLD, a serving AP MLD, and an AP participating in multi-AP cooperation. Alternatively, the second AP MLD can be the same AP MLD or a different AP MLD as the first AP MLD.

[0102] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the number of links between the AP MLDs (including the first AP MLD and the second AP MLD) and the non-AP MLD. For example, the number of links between the AP MLD and the non-AP MLD can be multiple.

[0103] It should be noted that the MLDs in the present application can integrate the first type of link and the second type of link.

[0104] It should be noted that the present application can be applied in a multi-AP cooperation scenario. The multi-AP cooperation scenario can include an architecture with a master AP or an architecture without a master AP, etc. The multi-APs can perform data transmission through multi-AP cooperation transmission links. The multi-AP cooperation transmission links multiplex sub-7 GHz frequency band resources within a BSS and implement frame interaction through a multi-AP cooperation transmission protocol.

[0105] It should be noted that in the present application, the serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD can refer to the AP MLD currently associated with the non-AP MLD. The target AP MLD of the non-AP MLD can refer to the AP MLD associated with the non-AP MLD after switching or the AP MLD to be associated. The method shown in FIG. 4A can include step S410.

[0106] Step S410 can include one or more of the following: step S411, S412, S413.

[0107] Step S411, the non-AP MLD sends a first frame to the first AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link.

[0108] Step S412, the non-AP MLD receives the first frame sent by the first AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link.

[0109] Step S413, the non-AP MLD receives second information sent by the first AP MLD.

[0110] Optionally, in step S411 or step S412, the first frame can be sent on the first type of link first, and if the sending of the first frame on the first type of link fails, the first frame can be sent on the second type of link.

[0111] The first type of link can be a different link from the second type of link.

[0112] For example, the first type of link can include one or more low frequency links. Illustratively, the low frequency link can include a sub-7GHz link or a sub-10GHz link. The sub-7GHz link may, for example, include a 2.4 / 5 / 6GHz link.

[0113] For example, the second type of link can include a millimeter wave link. The millimeter wave link can include a 45 / 60GHz link. The millimeter wave link can include an IMMW millimeter wave link. In some embodiments, the millimeter wave link can also be referred to as a high frequency link. In this application, the millimeter wave link can include one or more links.

[0114] The second information can be used to indicate information related to the first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

[0115] The first measurement result of the first frame and / or the second information can be used to determine which BSS the non-AP MLD switches to on the current second type of link. The first measurement result of the first frame can be used to determine the switching target of the non-AP MLD, i.e., to determine the target AP MLD to switch from the serving AP MLD.

[0116] The first frame can be transmitted on the first type of link of the non-AP MLD, and thus the first measurement result is a measurement result of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD, that is, the first measurement result can be used to reflect the channel condition of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD. In this application, the measurement result of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD can be used to determine the target AP MLD of the non-AP MLD on the second type of link. That is, this application proposes that the first type of link assists the second type of link in determining the target AP MLD of the non-AP MLD on the second type of link, that is, the channel condition of the second type of link between the non-AP MLD and the AP MLD is indirectly inferred through the measurement result (or channel condition) of the first type of link, so as to assist the non-AP MLD in selecting the millimeter wave target AP MLD in the switching process, so as to avoid the problem caused by the passive waiting of the non-AP MLD for the millimeter wave to be idle to determine the target AP MLD.

[0117] In some embodiments, the first frame can be applied in a millimeter wave beam switching technology, and correspondingly, the first measurement result can be used for determining the target AP MLD in the millimeter wave beam switching process.

[0118] In some embodiments, the first measurement result can be measured by the non-AP MLD. For example, in the case that the non-AP MLD receives the first frame, the non-AP MLD can obtain the first measurement result by measuring the first frame.

[0119] In some embodiments, the first measurement result can be measured by the first AP MLD. For example, in the case that the first AP MLD receives the first frame, the first AP MLD can obtain the first measurement result by measuring the first frame.

[0120] In some embodiments, the first frame can include one or more of an NDPA frame, an NDP frame, and a beacon frame.

[0121] In some embodiments, the first measurement result can include a signal strength of the first frame. The signal strength may, for example, include a signal to noise ratio (SNR). For example, the first frame can include a beacon frame. The first AP MLD can send a beacon frame to the non-AP MLD once in each sector direction. The non-AP MLD can wait to receive the beacon frame sent by the first AP MLD in each sector direction to obtain the signal strength of the beacon frame.

[0122] In some embodiments, the first measurement result can comprise a channel sounding result based on the first frame. Illustratively, the channel sounding result based on the first frame can comprise channel state information (CSI) related information of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD. Thus, the first frame can be used for channel sounding. Since the first frame is transmitted on the first type of link of the non-AP MLD, in this embodiment, the first frame can be used for channel sounding on the first type of link of the non-AP MLD. Illustratively, in these embodiments, the first frame can comprise one or more of an NDPA frame, an NDP frame.

[0123] It can be understood that, through the channel sounding process, the communication device does not need to wait to receive a beacon frame in each sector direction to determine the first measurement result, thereby reducing the time length for obtaining the first measurement result, and further enabling the non-AP MLD to determine the target AP MLD as early as possible and reduce communication latency.

[0124] In a multi-AP cooperation scenario, the channel sounding process can be a channel sounding process between the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD in the multi-AP cooperation scenario. The channel sounding process can be implemented based on a channel sounding process defined in a related technology.

[0125] For ease of understanding, the following will be illustrated in conjunction with FIG. 5, FIG. 6, and FIG. 7.

[0126] It should be noted that, in the drawings of the present application, the first AP MLD in the present application can comprise a candidate AP MLD in the drawings. The non-AP MLD in the present application can comprise a handover non-AP MLD in the drawings. The second AP MLD can comprise a primary AP MLD and / or a serving AP MLD in the drawings. The first type of link can be a sub-7 GHz link, which is represented by “sub-7” in the drawings. The second type of link can be a 60 GHz link, which is represented by “60G” in the drawings. The first frame can comprise a null data physical layer protocol data unit announcement (NDPA) frame and / or a null data physical layer protocol data unit (NDP) frame.

[0127] As shown in FIG. 5, in step S530 and step S540, the switching non-AP MLD sends the NDPA frame and the NDP frame to the candidate AP MLD over the sub-7 GHz link. The candidate AP MLD can obtain the CSI information by measurement.

[0128] As shown in FIG. 6, in step S630 and step S640, the candidate AP MLD sends the NDPA frame and the NDP frame to the switching non-AP MLD over the sub-7 GHz link. The switching non-AP MLD can obtain the CSI information by measurement.

[0129] As shown in FIG. 7, in step S730 and step S740, the candidate AP MLD sends the NDPA frame and the NDP frame to the switching non-AP MLD over the sub-7 GHz link. The switching non-AP MLD can obtain the CSI information by measurement.

[0130] The target AP MLD can be selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs. The first AP MLD can belong to one or more candidate AP MLDs. It is proposed in the present application that the candidate AP MLDs can correspond to priorities. The one or more candidate AP MLDs can all interact (receive or send) the first frame with the non-AP MLD, thereby obtaining one or more corresponding measurement results (including the first measurement result). The better the measurement result corresponding to the candidate AP MLD, the higher the priority corresponding to the candidate AP MLD can be. That is, the better the channel quality of the candidate AP MLD, the higher the priority corresponding to the candidate AP MLD can be.

[0131] In some embodiments, the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be determined based on the first measurement result and / or the second information, that is, the priorities corresponding to the one or more candidate AP MLDs can be determined based on the measurement result on the first type of link of the non-AP MLD and / or the buffer status of the candidate AP MLD. For example, the higher the priority, the more likely to be selected as the target AP MLD. Exemplarily, the target AP MLD can be the candidate AP MLD with the highest priority among the one or more candidate AP MLDs.

[0132] Based on the priority, the target AP MLD can be changed as soon as possible to avoid problems caused by inappropriate selection of the target AP MLD. For example, in the related art, if the target AP MLD is in a transmission state on a second type of link and cannot perform beamforming training with the non-AP MLD in time, which may result in a large delay, the selection of the target AP MLD is inappropriate. Based on the present application, if the currently selected target AP MLD is inappropriate, a target AP MLD can be reselected according to the priority, that is, the target AP MLD is replaced. For example, if the highest priority candidate AP MLD is transmitting data, the target AP MLD can be set to the second highest priority AP MLD. For another example, if the second highest priority candidate AP MLD is transmitting data, the target AP MLD can be set to the third highest priority AP MLD. And so on.

[0133] In some embodiments, the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be explicitly indicated or implicitly indicated. The explicit indication can include indicating the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD through the value of one or more fields. The implicit indication can include not explicitly indicating the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD through one or more fields.

[0134] As a possible implementation, one or more candidate AP MLDs can belong to a first list. The priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be indicated by the order (or sequence) of the first AP MLD in the first list. That is, the order of the candidate AP MLDs in the first list can be used to indicate the priority. In this case, the first list can also be referred to as a candidate AP MLD order table. For example, the earlier the first AP MLD is in the first list, the higher the priority of the first AP MLD. Illustratively, if the first AP MLD is the first in the first list, the first AP MLD is the highest priority candidate AP MLD in the first list.

[0135] The technical solution of indicating the priority by the order of the candidate AP MLDs in the first list can be understood as an implicit indication scheme. The implicit indication scheme can avoid using one or more fields to indicate the priority, thereby reducing communication resource consumption and improving communication efficiency.

[0136] In some embodiments, the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be determined by the non-AP MLD. Illustratively, the non-AP MLD can determine the candidate AP MLD order table. Taking FIG. 6 as an example, the non-AP MLD can determine the CSI of each candidate AP MLD. In step S650, the non-AP MLD can obtain the candidate AP MLD order table according to the CSI.

[0137] In some embodiments, the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be determined by the second AP MLD. Illustratively, the second AP MLD can determine a candidate AP MLD order list. Taking FIG. 5 as an example, the second AP MLD can comprise a serving AP MLD. In step S550, the serving AP MLD can receive CSI of one or more candidate AP MLDs. In step S560, based on the received CSI, the serving AP MLD can obtain a candidate AP MLD order list. Taking FIG. 7 as an example, the second AP MLD can comprise a master AP MLD. In step S750, the master AP MLD can receive CSI of a candidate AP MLD. In step S760, based on the received CSI, the master AP MLD can obtain an order list of the candidate AP MLD.

[0138] In some embodiments, the one or more candidate AP MLDs can be determined by one or more of a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD, the non-AP MLD, the first AP MLD, the second AP MLD.

[0139] For example, the one or more candidate AP MLDs can be determined by a device that measures the first measurement result. Illustratively, in the case that the non-AP MLD measures the first measurement result, the one or more candidate AP MLDs can be determined by the non-AP MLD.

[0140] For another example, the one or more candidate AP MLDs can be determined by a device that receives the first measurement result. Illustratively, in the case that the serving AP MLD receives the first measurement result, the serving AP MLD can determine the one or more candidate AP MLDs. Illustratively, in the case that the second AP MLD receives the first measurement result, the second AP MLD can determine the one or more candidate AP MLDs.

[0141] In some embodiments, the priority corresponding to the candidate AP MLD or the first list can be determined by a device that determines the one or more candidate AP MLDs. For example, the device that determines the one or more candidate AP MLDs can determine the arrangement order of the one or more AP MLDs in the first list. The device that determines the first list can send the first list to other devices.

[0142] The method shown in FIG. 4A can comprise step S420. Step S420 can comprise step S421 or step S422.

[0143] In step S421, the non-AP MLD sends the first indication frame to the second AP MLD.

[0144] At step S422, the second AP MLD sends a first indication frame to the non-AP MLD.

[0145] For example, after obtaining the first measurement result, the first AP MLD can send the first measurement result to the second AP MLD through the first indication frame. The second AP MLD can compare the first measurement result with measurement results of other AP MLDs based on the received first measurement result, obtain the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD, and send the first indication frame to the first AP MLD to indicate the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD.

[0146] For example, in a case where the first measurement result is obtained by the non-AP MLD, step S421 can be performed. In a case where the first measurement result is obtained by the first AP MLD, step S422 can be performed.

[0147] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can receive the first indication frame.

[0148] The first indication frame can be used to exchange information related to step S410 between devices. For example, the first indication frame can include one or more of the following: the first measurement result, the identity of the first AP MLD, the identity of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD, and the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD. The priority corresponding to the first AP MLD can be represented by the switching priority of the first AP MLD in the order table of the candidate AP MLDs. The identity of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD can indicate the target switching AP MLD of the second type of link of which non-AP MLD the first measurement result is used to determine.

[0149] Optionally, the first indication frame can be used to indicate one or more candidate AP MLDs. The one or more candidate AP MLDs can include the first AP MLD. For example, for a plurality of candidate AP MLDs, the first indication frame can include information of the plurality of candidate AP MLDs. The information of each candidate AP MLD can include one or more of the following: the measurement result of the candidate AP MLD, the identity of the second type of link, and the priority corresponding to the candidate AP MLD. In this case, the first indication frame can be referred to as a candidate AP MLD information notification frame.

[0150] Optionally, in a case where the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, the first indication frame can be used to indicate the target AP MLD.

[0151] In some embodiments, the first indication frame can be referred to as an AP information exchange frame.

[0152] In some embodiments, the first indication frame can be an action management frame. FIG. 8 is an example diagram of a format of a first indication frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0153] In FIG. 8, the first indication frame is designed based on the architecture of an action management frame. One or more AP MLD information (AP MLD Info) fields can be added in the action management frame to form the first indication frame.

[0154] As shown in FIG. 8, the first indication frame can include the following fields: a MAC frame header, a frame body, and a frame check sequence (FCS).

[0155] In FIG. 8, the frame body can include one or more AP MLD information fields. The AP MLD information field can be used to indicate the information of the reported AP MLD. In the case of reporting a target AP MLD, the frame body includes one AP MLD information field. In the case of reporting N candidate AP MLDs, the frame body can include N AP MLD information fields. Here, N can be a positive integer.

[0156] The AP MLD information field can include one or more of the following fields: an AP MLD ID, a link ID, a transition priority, and a CSI. The following will be described respectively.

[0157] The AP MLD ID field can indicate the identifier of the reported AP MLD.

[0158] The link ID field can indicate the second type of link information of the reported AP MLD.

[0159] The transition priority field can indicate the priority of the reported AP MLD in the candidate AP MLD order list. In some embodiments, if the first indication frame does not indicate the transition priority, the transition priority field can be set to 0. For example, in the case that the first AP MLD sends the first indication frame, the transition priority field in the first indication frame can be 0.

[0160] The CSI field can indicate the CSI value of the corresponding sub-7GHz link measured by the reported AP MLD in the channel probing phase. Alternatively, the CSI field can indicate other measurement results. It should be noted that in the case of indicating other measurement results, the name of the CSI field can be modified accordingly.

[0161] As shown in FIG. 8, the frame body can further include one or more of the following fields: category, action, dialog token, element ID, length, element ID extension.

[0162] The category field indicates that the action frame is an AP information interaction frame defined in the present application. For example, the category field can take a reserved value in the related art. In this case, the value X of the action field can be 0. Illustratively, the category field of the first indication frame can take any reserved value between 30 and 125. The category field can take a value that has been defined in the related art. In this case, the value X of the action field can be one (e.g., the first one) of the reserved values in the category. Illustratively, the category field of the first indication frame can take a value between 0 and 29.

[0163] The action field can be used to indicate whether the first indication frame is used to indicate a candidate AP MLD list or to indicate a target AP MLD. For example, the action field takes X+0, which can indicate that the first indication frame indicates a candidate AP MLD order list, and in this case the first indication frame can include one or more AP MLD information fields to indicate information of at least one candidate AP MLD. For another example, the action field takes X+1, which can indicate that the first indication frame is used to report a target AP MLD, and in this case the AP MLD information field can only contain information of the selected target AP MLD.

[0164] For the dialog token field, when there are multiple concurrent operation requests, the dialog token field can be used to match the operation response with the operation request. The dialog token can be an integer value that can help the communication device group the management frames sent or received at different times as part of the same dialog. The selected integer value is implemented by a specific algorithm.

[0165] In some embodiments, the first indication frame can be a BSS switch management request frame. FIG. 9 is an example diagram of a format of a BSS switch management request frame according to an embodiment of the present application. The following describes some fields in the BSS switch management request frame in FIG. 9.

[0166] The disassociation timer field can be used to indicate the time when the AP MLD sends a disassociation frame to the non-AP MLD. If the field is set to 0, it can indicate that the AP MLD has not determined when to send a disassociation frame to the non-AP MLD.

[0167] The link ID info field can be used to indicate that the link ID info field in the common info field in the basic multi-link element shall be set to the value corresponding to the second type of link of the candidate AP MLD represented by the neighbor report element.

[0168] The AP MLD ID field can be used to indicate the identity of the candidate AP MLD represented by the neighbor report element.

[0169] The multi-link control field can include a presence bitmap field. The presence bitmap field can include a transition info present field. The transition info present subfield can be set to 1 if the transition info subfield is present in the common info field; otherwise, set to 0.

[0170] The transition priority subfield: indicates the priority corresponding to the candidate AP MLD described by this neighbor report element in the candidate AP MLD order list.

[0171] The link info field can include a Per-STA profile subelement. The profile subelement can include one or more of the following fields: STA control, STA info.

[0172] The STA control field can include a CSI info present subfield: set to 1 if the CSI info subfield is present in the STA info field; otherwise, set to 0.

[0173] The CSI info subfield: indicates the CSI information measured by the transition non-AP MLD in the channel sounding phase for the sub-7GHz link described by this Per-STA Profile field.

[0174] The descriptions of other fields in the BSS transition management request frame can refer to related technologies.

[0175] FIG. 4B is a schematic flow chart of another method of wireless communication provided by embodiments of the present application. FIG. 4B can be performed by a first MLD and a second MLD. The first MLD can comprise a non-AP MLD or a serving AP MLD. The second MLD can comprise a serving AP MLD or an AP MLD participating in multi-AP cooperation (e.g., a master AP MLD). For example, the first MLD can be a non-AP MLD, and the second MLD can be a serving AP MLD. For another example, the first MLD can be a serving AP MLD, and the second MLD can be a master AP MLD.

[0176] FIG. 4B can comprise step S402.

[0177] At step S402, the first MLD transmits a first request frame to the second MLD.

[0178] The first request frame can be used to request switching a BSS in which the non-AP MLD currently has a second type of link. In other words, the first request frame can be used to request the non-AP MLD to switch from a serving AP MLD to a target AP MLD. It can be understood that the first request frame can be used to request initiating a BSS switch or a beam switch.

[0179] The present application does not limit the trigger condition of the first request frame. The first request frame can be transmitted in a case where the trigger condition is met. For example, the trigger condition can comprise a beam tracking failure. For another example, the trigger condition can comprise other reasons that cause a need to initiate a millimeter wave beam switch.

[0180] FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B can be implemented in combination. Exemplarily, the transmission of the first frame can be based on the request of the first request frame. That is, in response to the transmission of the first request frame, the MLD can transmit the first frame.

[0181] In some embodiments, the transmission of the first frame is based on the request of the first request frame. Wherein, the first request frame can be used to request initiating a non-AP MLD beam switch and / or a BSS switch. For example, the first request frame can comprise a millimeter wave beam switch request frame.

[0182] Optionally, the first request frame can be transmitted on a first type of link. The first request frame can be transmitted by the non-AP MLD, or by a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD. The receiver of the first request frame can be the serving AP MLD or a second AP MLD.

[0183] For example, the first request frame can be sent to a serving AP MLD. In response to receiving the first request frame, the serving AP MLD can send a trigger frame (e.g., an NDPA trigger frame, an MA-NDPA trigger frame) to the non-AP MLD or the first AP MLD to trigger the sending of the first frame. For example, in FIG. 5, the first request frame can be the switch request frame sent by the non-AP MLD to the serving AP MLD in step S510. In response to receiving the first request frame, the serving AP MLD can send an NDPA trigger frame to the non-AP MLD to trigger the non-AP MLD to send the NDP frame and the NDPA frame in step S520. For example, in FIG. 6, the first request frame can be the switch request frame sent by the non-AP MLD to the serving AP MLD in step S610. In response to receiving the first request frame, the serving AP MLD can send an MA-NDPA trigger frame to the candidate AP MLD to trigger the candidate AP MLD to send the NDP frame and the NDPA frame in step S620.

[0184] For another example, the first request frame can be sent to a second AP MLD by the non-AP MLD and / or the serving AP MLD. Based on the first request frame, the second AP MLD can instruct the first AP MLD or the non-AP MLD to send the first frame. For example, in response to receiving the first request frame, the second AP MLD can send a trigger frame (e.g., which can include an MA-NDPA trigger frame) to the first AP MLD to trigger the sending of the first frame. For example, in FIG. 7, the first request frame can be the switch request frame sent by the serving AP MLD to the primary AP MLD in step S710. In response to receiving the first request frame, the primary AP MLD can send an MA-NDPA trigger frame to the candidate AP MLD to trigger the candidate AP MLD to send the NDP frame and the NDPA frame in step S720.

[0185] In some embodiments, the first request frame can include one or more of: an identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD, an identification of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD. For example, the first request frame can include a probe request frame, a BSS switch management query frame, or a BSS switch request frame.

[0186] The identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD can be used to indicate information of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD. For example, the identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD can be used to indicate information such as a frequency band (e.g., a frequency band identification) of the millimeter wave link of the non-AP MLD.

[0187] The identification of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD can be used to indicate information of the first type of link. For example, the identification of the first type of link can be used to indicate information such as frequency band (e.g., frequency band identification) of the first type of link.

[0188] Based on the identification of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD and the identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD, it can be determined on which first type of link the non-AP MLD and the first AP MLD transmit the first frame, and which second type of link the target AP MLD is determined on according to the first measurement result of the first frame.

[0189] Optionally, the first request frame can be modified based on a probe request frame. The probe request frame can be composed of one or more elements. As shown in FIG. 10A, the first request frame can include a millimeter wave switch request (MMW switch request) element. The millimeter wave switch request element can include a switch link ID and a sounding link ID field. The switch link ID field is used to indicate information of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD to switch, such as the frequency band of the link. The sounding link ID field is used to indicate information of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD to perform channel sounding, such as the frequency band number of the link.

[0190] FIG. 10B is an example diagram of a format of another first request frame provided by an embodiment of the present application. The first request frame shown in FIG. 10B is modified based on a BSS switch management query frame.

[0191] As shown in FIG. 10B, the first request frame can include a switch info field. The switch info field can include a switch link ID and a sounding link ID field. The switch link ID and the sounding link ID field are described above and will not be described here.

[0192] In some embodiments, the second MLD can transmit a first response frame. The first MLD can receive the first response frame. The first response frame can be used to respond to the first request frame. Exemplarily, the first response frame can include one or more of the following: a response to the first request frame, information of the first AP MLD (e.g., the number of candidate AP MLDs to perform the channel sounding procedure and the respective device information).

[0193] For example, the master AP MLD or the serving AP MLD selects a plurality of suitable candidate AP MLDs after receiving the first request frame, and feeds back a first response frame to the non-AP MLD or the serving AP MLD. After receiving the first response frame, the serving AP MLD can forward the frame to the non-AP MLD.

[0194] After the second MLD sends the first response frame, the first AP MLD can be scheduled to send the first frame. For example, after the master AP MLD or the serving AP MLD sends the first response frame, the candidate AP MLDs can be scheduled to perform channel sounding on the low frequency link with the non-AP MLD.

[0195] The first response frame can be transmitted on the first type of link. Alternatively, the first response frame can also be referred to as a switching response frame. For example, in FIG. 5, the first response frame can be a switching response frame sent by the serving AP MLD to the non-AP MLD in response to step S510. For example, in FIG. 6, the first response frame can be a switching response frame sent by the serving AP MLD to the non-AP MLD in response to step S610. For example, in FIG. 7, the first response frame can be a switching response frame sent by the master AP MLD to the serving AP MLD in response to step S710 or a switching response frame sent by the serving AP MLD to the non-AP MLD.

[0196] In some embodiments, the first response frame can be modified from a probe response frame. The probe response frame can be composed of one or more elements. As shown in FIG. 11, the probe response frame can include a millimeter wave switching response element (MMW Switch Response element) to indicate that the non-AP MLD requests to perform the second type of link BSS switching. As shown in FIG. 11, the millimeter wave switching response element can include one or more of the following fields: transition feedback, candidate AP MLD number, AP MLD information list (AP MLD Info list). The following will be described respectively.

[0197] The transition feedback field can indicate whether the second MLD agrees to switch the non-AP MLD to the second type of link BSS. For example, a value of 1 of the transition feedback field can represent an agreement to perform, and device information of the candidate AP MLDs to be performed channel sounding is fed back in the AP MLD Info List field; a value of 0 of the transition feedback field can represent that the second MLD refuses to switch the non-AP MLD to the second type of link BSS.

[0198] The candidate AP MLD number field can be used to indicate the number of candidate AP MLDs performing the channel sounding phase.

[0199] The AP MLD information list field can indicate the device information of the candidate AP MLD performing the channel sounding phase. The AP MLD information list field can be composed of one or more AP MLD information fields. The AP MLD information field can include one or more of the following fields: AP MLD ID, link ID. The AP MLD ID subfield can indicate the identifier of the reported AP MLD. The link ID field can indicate the information of the first type of link of the reported AP MLD to be channel sounded.

[0200] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can send a second frame. The second frame can be used to indicate the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD. The second frame can also be referred to as a target AP MLD reporting frame.

[0201] In some embodiments, the second frame can be transmitted on the first type of link.

[0202] In some embodiments, the second frame can include an action frame. For example, the second frame can have the frame structure shown in FIG. 8.

[0203] In some embodiments, the second frame can include a BSS switch management response frame. FIG. 12 is an example diagram of the format of a second frame provided in an embodiment of the present application. The second frame shown in FIG. 12 is modified based on the BSS switch management response frame. The following describes some fields in the BSS switch management response frame.

[0204] The BTM status code field can contain the status code of the response to the BSS switch management request frame. The field set to 0 can indicate that the non-AP MLD will switch to another AP MLD; the field set to 1-8 can indicate that the non-AP MLD will remain associated with the current AP MLD for different reasons. 9-255 of the BTM status code field are reserved values.

[0205] In the present application, the BTM status code field in the second frame can be any reserved value between 9-255, indicating that the non-AP MLD will switch to another AP MLD, and the neighbor report element in the BSS switch candidate list entry field contained in the frame is unique, used to describe the target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD.

[0206] The BSS switch candidate list entry field in the second frame only contains one neighbor report element to describe the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD. The specific field setting rules and modifications in the neighbor report element in the BSS switch candidate list entry field can be the same as the candidate AP MLD information notification frame.

[0207] The present application provides a method for determining a first beamforming training scheme. The first beamforming training scheme can be a beamforming training scheme for a first AP MLD and a non-AP MLD on a second type of link. The beamforming training scheme can be used to indicate information related to beamforming training.

[0208] For example, the beamforming training scheme can include one or more of the following: an MLD performing beamforming training, a time of performing beamforming training, etc. For example, the first beamforming training scheme can include one or more of the following: the non-AP MLD waiting for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; the first AP MLD ending service and prioritizing beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD, etc. For example, if the first AP MLD is selected as the target AP MLD, the first beamforming training scheme can include whether to replace the target AP MLD, whether to wait for the target AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training, whether the target AP MLD prioritizes beamforming training with the non-AP MLD, etc.

[0209] In the present application, the first beamforming training scheme can be determined by first information and second information. The first information can be used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD, and / or information related to a buffer of a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD (hereinafter represented by fifth information). The second information can be used to indicate information related to a first service currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link. In other words, based on the information related to the buffer data of the non-AP MLD and the information related to the first service currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link, the first beamforming training scheme can be determined.

[0210] It should be noted that the buffer data can be data of a low-latency service. It can be understood that in a low-latency scenario, based on the determined first beamforming training scheme, the BSS switch or millimeter wave beam switch can be completed as soon as possible, so that the data of the low-latency service can be transmitted as soon as possible.

[0211] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can send the first information so that a receiver of the first information can determine the first beamforming training scheme based on the first information. For example, the receiver of the first information can include the first AP MLD. After receiving the first information, the first AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme in combination with the second information obtained by itself. For another example, the receiver of the first information can include the second AP MLD (e.g., the master AP MLD). The second AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme in combination with the first information and the second information received.

[0212] In some embodiments, the first AP MLD can send the second information so that a receiver of the second information can determine the first beamforming training scheme based on the second information. For example, the receiver of the second information can include the non-AP MLD. After receiving the second information, the non-AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme in combination with the first information obtained by itself. For another example, the receiver of the second information can include the second AP MLD (e.g., the master AP MLD), and the second AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme in combination with the first information and the second information received.

[0213] The first information, the fifth information, and the second information are described in detail below.

[0214] In some embodiments, the first information can include one or more of the following: a traffic type of the buffer data; a traffic priority of the buffer data; the first time length; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD.

[0215] The first information can further include the fifth information. The fifth information may, for example, include one or more of the following: a traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third time length that meets the buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD. The fifth information can be sent by the second AP MLD to the non-AP MLD.

[0216] The first time length can be a time length that meets the buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD. That is, after the first time length ends, if the buffer data has not been sent, the buffer data can be invalid or unable to meet the transmission requirement. The transmission requirement may, for example, include a latency requirement.

[0217] Optionally, the first time length can be a maximum latency that meets the current transmission traffic requirement.

[0218] The traffic type can comprise a low latency traffic type or a non-low latency traffic type.

[0219] The traffic priority can be determined by one or more of: a QoS delay requirement, a buffer traffic, a traffic type, etc.

[0220] Optionally, the traffic priority can be a highest traffic priority existing in the non-AP MLD buffer.

[0221] It is noted that in some embodiments, the traffic type can be used to represent the priority. That is, the traffic priority can be implicitly represented by the traffic type. For example, the traffic priority of the low latency traffic type is higher than the traffic priority of the non-low latency type.

[0222] Optionally, the first information can be carried in a first report frame. The first report frame can be transmitted over the first type of link. The first report frame can be, for example, an action management frame.

[0223] In some embodiments, the second information can comprise one or more of: a traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; an expected second duration required to complete the first traffic; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the first AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the first AP MLD. The second duration can be an expected minimum duration to complete the first traffic. That is, the second duration is expected to be at least required to complete the corresponding first traffic. In addition, the second duration can be an expected remaining duration required to complete the first traffic, that is, if the first traffic has been transmitted for a duration, the second duration can not include the transmitted duration. The second information can be carried in a second report frame. The second report frame can comprise an action management frame. The second report frame can be transmitted over the first type of link.

[0224] FIG. 13 is an example of a format of an access category (AC) report frame according to an embodiment of the present application. The AC report frame shown in FIG. 13 is modified from an action management frame. The AC report frame can be the first report frame or the second report frame.

[0225] Optionally, the AC report frame can comprise part of the subfields in the BSR control field to indicate the first information or the second information. The definition of the BSR control field and its subfields can refer to the 802.11 protocol and the like.

[0226] As shown in FIG. 13, the frame body of the AC report frame can include an AC Info element. The AC Info element can include one or more of the following fields: time Info, ACI bitmap, Delta TID, scaling factor, queue size all, ACI high, queue size high.

[0227] The time Info can be used to carry the first duration or the second duration.

[0228] The ACI bitmap subfield can indicate the access categories present in the reported buffer. The specific definition can refer to the 802.11 protocol BSR control field.

[0229] The Delta TID subfield can indicate the number of TIDs of the buffer being reported together with the value of the ACI bitmap field. The specific definition can refer to the 802.11 protocol BSR control field.

[0230] The scaling factor subfield can indicate the unit of the queue size all subfield. The specific definition can refer to the 802.11 protocol BSR control field.

[0231] The queue size all subfield can indicate the buffer size of all access categories identified by the ACI bitmap subfield.

[0232] The ACI high subfield can indicate the access category with higher priority in the buffer.

[0233] The queue size high subfield can indicate the buffer size of the access category identified by the ACI high subfield.

[0234] The first report frame or the second report frame can be a BSS switch management request frame. With reference to FIG. 9, the BSS switch management request frame can include one or more of the following fields: time Info, ACI bitmap, Delta TID, scaling factor, queue size all, ACI high, queue size high, reserved. The explanation of the related fields can refer to the explanation in FIG. 13.

[0235] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can receive the first trigger frame. The first trigger frame can be used to indicate the non-AP MLD to transmit the first information. That is, in response to receiving the first trigger frame, the non-AP MLD can transmit the first information.

[0236] Optionally, the first trigger frame can comprise a first field. The first field can be used to indicate whether the non-AP MLD transmits the first information. Illustratively, the first field can occupy one bit. For example, a value of 0 of the first field can represent indicating the non-AP MLD to transmit the first information; a value of 1 of the first field can represent indicating the non-AP MLD not to transmit the first information. For another example, a value of 1 of the first field can represent indicating the non-AP MLD to transmit the first information; a value of 0 of the first field can represent indicating the non-AP MLD not to transmit the first information.

[0237] In some embodiments, the first trigger frame can be transmitted over a link of the first type.

[0238] In some embodiments, the first trigger frame can be transmitted by the second AP MLD and / or the first AP MLD.

[0239] In some embodiments, the first trigger frame can be an action management frame. The first trigger frame can comprise a basic trigger frame.

[0240] In some embodiments, the first AP MLD can receive the second trigger frame. The second trigger frame can be used to indicate the first AP MLD to transmit the second information. That is, in response to receiving the second trigger frame, the first AP MLD can transmit the second information.

[0241] Optionally, the second trigger frame can comprise a second field. The second field can be used to indicate whether the first AP MLD transmits the second information. Illustratively, the second field can occupy one bit. For example, a value of 0 of the second field can represent indicating the first AP MLD to transmit the second information; a value of 1 of the second field can represent indicating the first AP MLD not to transmit the second information. For another example, a value of 1 of the second field can represent indicating the first AP MLD to transmit the second information; a value of 0 of the second field can represent indicating the first AP MLD not to transmit the first information.

[0242] In some embodiments, the second trigger frame can be transmitted over a link of the first type.

[0243] In some embodiments, the second trigger frame can be transmitted by the non-AP MLD and / or the second AP MLD.

[0244] In some embodiments, the second trigger frame can comprise an action management frame. The second trigger frame can comprise a basic trigger frame.

[0245] FIG. 14 is an example diagram of a format of an AC trigger frame (AC-trigger) provided by an embodiment of the present application. The AC trigger frame can be a first trigger frame or a second trigger frame. The AC trigger frame shown in FIG. 14 is modified from a basic trigger frame.

[0246] As shown in FIG. 14, the common info field in the AC trigger frame can comprise an AC request field. The AC request field can be the first field or the second field described above.

[0247] For example, the AC request field can be used to indicate whether the sender needs the receiver to report the first information or the second information. For example, the AC request field can be used to indicate whether the sender needs the receiver to report the traffic priority information, the corresponding time information, etc.

[0248] The AC request field can occupy 1 bit. For example, the value of the AC request field being 1 can represent that the first information or the second information needs to be reported; the value of the AC request field being 0 can represent that the first information or the second information does not need to be reported. For another example, the value of the AC request field being 0 can represent that the first information or the second information needs to be reported; the value of the AC request field being 1 can represent that the first information or the second information does not need to be reported.

[0249] How to determine the first beamforming training scheme according to the first information and the second information will be described in detail below.

[0250] In some embodiments, in the case that the first time length is greater than the second time length, the first beamforming training scheme can comprise: the non-AP MLD waits for the beam of the first AP MLD to be idle and then performs beamforming training (hereinafter referred to as training mode 1).

[0251] For example, if the maximum delay that the switched non-AP MLD can meet the current transmission traffic demand is greater than the expected time for the target AP MLD to complete the current transmission traffic, the switched non-AP MLD waits for the beam of the target AP MLD to be idle and then performs beamforming training.

[0252] In some embodiments, in the case that the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and the traffic priority of the data in the buffer area of the non-AP MLD is higher than the traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme can comprise: the first AP MLD ends the first traffic and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD preferentially (hereinafter referred to as training mode 2).

[0253] Exemplarily, if the switching non-AP MLD is able to meet the maximum latency of the current transmission service requirement less than the expected time for the target AP MLD to complete the current transmission service, and the highest service priority existing in the buffer area of the switching non-AP MLD is higher than the target AP MLD, the master AP MLD suggests ending the current service and preferentially performing beamforming training with the switching non-AP MLD.

[0254] In some embodiments, in the case that the first time duration is less than or equal to the second time duration, and the service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is lower than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme can include: replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD (hereinafter referred to as training mode 3).

[0255] Exemplarily, if the switching non-AP MLD is able to meet the maximum latency of the current transmission service requirement less than the expected time for the target AP MLD to complete the current transmission service, and the highest service priority existing in the buffer area of the switching non-AP MLD is lower than the AP MLD, the switching non-AP MLD selects the next AP MLD in the order list and feeds back to the master AP MLD for decision.

[0256] Optionally, in the training mode 3, the communication device can select an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. For example, an AP MLD with a priority slightly lower than the first AP MLD can be selected. Exemplarily, the next AP MLD after the first AP MLD in the first list can be selected.

[0257] Optionally, if the non-AP MLD selects an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD, the non-AP MLD can determine whether to select the AP MLD as a new target AP MLD, or the non-AP MLD can send the selected AP MLD to other AP MLDs (for example, the master AP MLD) for decision whether to use the selected AP MLD as a new target AP MLD.

[0258] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the determining party of the first beamforming training scheme. For example, the first beamforming training scheme can be determined by the second AP MLD. Illustratively, if the non-AP MLD sends the first information to the second AP MLD and the first AP MLD sends the second information to the second AP MLD, the second AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme. For another example, the first beamforming training scheme can be determined by the non-AP MLD. Illustratively, if the non-AP MLD receives the second information, the non-AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme. For another example, the first beamforming training scheme can be determined by the first AP MLD. Illustratively, if the first AP MLD receives the first information, the first AP MLD can determine the first beamforming training scheme.

[0259] In some embodiments, after the first beamforming training scheme is determined, the non-AP MLD or the first AP MLD needs to perform the corresponding operation according to the first beamforming training scheme, that is, perform the corresponding operation according to the indication of the first beamforming training scheme.

[0260] In some embodiments, the first beamforming training scheme can be a recommended beamforming training scheme. That is, the first beamforming training scheme can be accepted or not accepted. Whether to accept the first beamforming training scheme can be further determined according to other information.

[0261] After the beamforming training scheme is determined, the third information can be exchanged between the communication devices. The third information can be used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme. For example, the first non-AP MLD can receive the third information. The third information can be sent by the first AP MLD and / or the second AP MLD. For another example, the first AP MLD can receive the third information. The third information can be sent by the non-AP MLD or the second AP MLD. For another example, the second AP MLD can receive the third information. The non-AP MLD and the first AP MLD can exchange the third information through the forwarding of the second AP MLD.

[0262] In some embodiments, the third information can be carried in a train mode field. The train mode field can occupy 2 bits. The value of the train mode field can correspond to different training modes. The value of 00 of the train mode field can represent training mode 1, i.e., the non-AP MLD waits; the value of 01 of the train mode field can represent training mode 2, i.e., the target AP MLD is suggested to end the current service and preferentially perform beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; and the value of 11 of the train mode field can represent training mode 3, i.e., the non-AP MLD selects another AP MLD in the order table and determines whether the other AP MLD is a new target AP MLD or feeds back to the master AP MLD to determine whether the other AP MLD is a new target AP MLD.

[0263] Optionally, the train mode field can be carried in an indicator frame. The indicator frame can be an action management frame. FIG. 15A is an example diagram of a format of an indicator frame provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 15A, the frame body can include an indicator element. The indicator element can include the train mode field.

[0264] In some embodiments, if it is determined based on the first measurement result that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, a verification method is provided. As a possible implementation, the first AP MLD can send one or more third frames in the first direction of the second type of link. The non-AP MLD can expect to send one or more third frames in the first direction of the second type of link. The third frame can be used for sector sweep. For example, the third frame can include a sector sweep (SSW) frame. It can be understood that the selected target AP MLD can perform a sector sweep process with the non-AP MLD in one or more directions (including the first direction) for verification.

[0265] The verification method proposed in this application can be used to verify whether the non-AP MLD can continue beamforming training with the first AP MLD. As described above, the first type of link of the non-AP MLD can be obtained by the first measurement result, and the channel condition of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD can be indirectly inferred according to the channel condition of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD, thereby assisting in determining the target AP MLD. Considering that the inference may not be accurate, this application provides a verification method to determine whether the inference of the channel condition of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD based on the first measurement result is accurate, and further to verify whether the first AP MLD is suitable as the target AP MLD to continue sector scanning with the non-AP MLD.

[0266] In some embodiments, the verification of whether the non-AP MLD continues beamforming training with the first AP MLD can be determined based on the third frame. In other words, whether the non-AP MLD continues beamforming training with the first AP MLD can be determined based on one or more of the following: the reception time of the third frame, the measurement result of the third frame.

[0267] Optionally, whether the non-AP MLD continues beamforming training with the first AP MLD can be determined based on one or more of the following: whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within the first window; the size relationship between the measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and the first threshold.

[0268] It should be noted that the first window can represent a period of time, and therefore the first window can also be referred to as a first time period. The start time of the first window can satisfy: AP configured, protocol specified, pre-defined, pre-configured.

[0269] Optionally, the start time of the first window can be determined based on the first timer duration. For example, the start time of the first window can be the timeout time of the first timer. Since the non-AP MLD starts beamforming training at the start time of the first window, the first timer can also be referred to as a beamforming training start timer (denoted as BF-timer).

[0270] Optionally, the duration or end time of the first window can be determined based on the second timer duration. For example, the duration of the first window can be the duration of the second timer. Alternatively, the end time of the first window can be the timeout time of the second timer. The duration of the second timer can also be referred to as the beamforming training timeout time limit.

[0271] Optionally, the first timer can be combined with the second timer to determine the first window. For example, at the time when the first timer expires, the second timer can start. The first window can be between the time when the second timer starts and the time when the second timer expires.

[0272] It is noted that the measurement result of the third frame can be represented by SNR. Correspondingly, the first threshold can be an SNR threshold.

[0273] It is noted that the first threshold can satisfy one or more of the following: configured by the AP, specified by a protocol, predefined, preconfigured.

[0274] In some embodiments, if the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within the first time window, and the measurement result of the third frame is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the non-AP MLD can perform subsequent beamforming training with the first AP MLD. In this case, the non-AP MLD can send the third frame to the first AP MLD through the second type of link, and complete the subsequent beamforming training.

[0275] In some embodiments, if the non-AP MLD does not receive the third frame within the first time window, or the measurement result of all the received third frames is less than the first threshold, the non-AP MLD can replace the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. The second type of link of the first AP MLD is poor in quality, or the first AP MLD refuses to be the target AP MLD, then the first AP MLD can not send the third frame, or the non-AP MLD cannot receive the third frame. Therefore, in this case, the target AP MLD can be replaced.

[0276] If the non-AP MLD replaces the target AP MLD, the non-AP MLD can feed back the target AP MLD it replaces. For example, the non-AP MLD can send the AP information interaction frame described above. The AP information interaction frame can carry the new target AP MLD.

[0277] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can receive fourth information. The fourth information can be sent by the second AP MLD. The fourth information can include one or more of the following: the duration of the first timer, the duration of the second timer, the first threshold. The duration of the first timer, the duration of the second timer, or the first threshold are described above and will not be repeated here.

[0278] In some embodiments, the fourth information can be carried in the indication frame described above. As shown in FIG. 15A, the frame body of the indication frame can include an indication element. The indication element can include one or more of the following fields: link ID, BF-timer, TIME-OUT, SNR threshold, padding.

[0279] The link ID field can be used to indicate the identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD.

[0280] The BF-timer field can be used to indicate the duration of the first timer. In other words, the BF-timer field can indicate the time information for the target AP MLD and the non-AP MLD to start the beamforming training in the millimeter wave beam switch. For example, the first timer starts counting when the target AP MLD and the non-AP MLD receive this field, and the beamforming training starts at the end of the counting.

[0281] The TIME-OUT field can be used to indicate the duration of the second timer. In other words, the TIME-OUT field can be used to indicate the timeout time information for the target AP MLD and the non-AP MLD to perform the beamforming training in the millimeter wave beam switch. For example, the second timer starts counting when the target AP MLD and the non-AP MLD start the beamforming training, and the non-AP MLD needs to receive the third frame sent by the target AP MLD before the end of the counting, otherwise it is considered that the beamforming training fails.

[0282] The SNR threshold field can be used to indicate the first threshold. For example, the SNR threshold field can indicate the qualified SNR threshold for the non-AP MLD to receive the third frame sent by the target AP MLD. Illustratively, there needs to be a sector in the third frame received by the non-AP MLD that meets the first threshold indicated by the SNR threshold field, otherwise it is considered that the beamforming training fails.

[0283] In some embodiments, the non-AP MLD can send the fourth information in the case where the first AP MLD accepts the suggested first beamforming training scheme; and the first AP MLD can receive the fourth information. That is, the non-AP MLD only needs to send the fourth information in the case where the first AP MLD accepts the suggested first beamforming training scheme.

[0284] It can be understood that if the first AP MLD does not accept the first beamforming training scheme, the fourth information is redundant or useless information to the first AP MLD. Therefore, in the case that the first AP MLD receives the first beamforming training scheme, the first AP MLD interacts the fourth information only, which can reduce unnecessary occupation of communication resources.

[0285] It should be noted that the fourth information can be transmitted on the first type of link.

[0286] Optionally, the fourth information can be carried in a BF information (BF-Info) frame. The BF information frame can be an action management frame.

[0287] FIG. 15B is an example diagram of a format of a BF information frame according to an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 15B, the BF information frame can include a BF information element. The BF information element can include one or more of the following fields: BF timer, timeout, SNR threshold. The descriptions of the BF timer, the timeout, or the SNR threshold are detailed in the descriptions of the corresponding fields in the indication frame, which will not be repeated here.

[0288] In some embodiments, based on the received third information, the first AP MLD can determine whether to accept the first beamforming training scheme and feed back whether to accept the first beamforming training scheme. The third information can be carried in a BF request (BF-request) frame. A BF response (BF-response) frame can be used to indicate whether the first AP MLD accepts the first training scheme. In the case that the BF response frame indicates that the first AP MLD accepts the first training scheme, the first AP MLD can receive the fourth information (for example, carried in a BF information frame).

[0289] The formats of the BF request frame and the BF response frame are illustrated below.

[0290] The BF request frame can be modified based on a probe request frame. FIG. 15C is an example diagram of an element format in a BF request frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0291] As shown in FIG. 15C, the BF request frame includes a BF request element. The BF request element can include one or more of the following fields: link ID, train mode, padding.

[0292] The link ID field can be used to indicate information of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD. For example, the link ID field can be used to indicate a frequency band of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD.

[0293] The training mode field can be used to indicate the decided beamforming training scheme (i.e., the first beamforming training scheme). Exemplarily, a value of 00 of the training mode field can represent mode 1, i.e., the non-AP MLD waits for the target AP MLD beam to be idle before performing the beamforming training; a value of 01 of the training mode field can represent mode 2, i.e., the target AP MLD is suggested to end the current service and preferentially perform the beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; and a value of 11 of the training mode field can represent mode 3, i.e., the non-AP MLD selects the next AP MLD in the order table and feeds back to the master AP MLD for decision.

[0294] The BF response frame can be modified based on a probe response frame. FIG. 15D is an example diagram of formats of elements in a BF response frame according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0295] As shown in FIG. 15D, the BF response frame can include a BF response element. The BF response element can include one or more of the following: a BF response (BF-Resp) field, a padding field.

[0296] The BF response field can be used to indicate whether to agree or accept the first beamforming training scheme in the millimeter wave beam switching. The BF response field can occupy 1 bit. For example, a value of 1 of the BF response field can represent that the first AP MLD agrees to perform the first beamforming training scheme; and a value of 0 of the BF response field can represent that the first AP MLD refuses to perform the first beamforming training scheme.

[0297] For ease of understanding, embodiments 1-5 are described in detail below.

[0298] Embodiment 1

[0299] Embodiment 1 can include the following stages: a channel sounding stage, a beamforming training scheme decision stage, a second type of link quality verification, and an association stage. The following are described respectively.

[0300] Channel sounding stage

[0301] The channel sounding stage can be described in combination with FIGS. 5-7.

[0302] As shown in FIG. 5, the method shown in FIG. 5 can include steps S510-S560.

[0303] At step S510, after the switching non-AP MLD fails to track the beam of the serving AP MLD, the switching non-AP MLD sends a switching request frame to the serving AP MLD through sub-7GHz to initiate a millimeter wave beam switching request.

[0304] Step S520, after receiving the switching request frame, the serving AP MLD selects multiple suitable candidate AP MLDs, and sends an NDPA trigger frame to the switching non-AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link to start channel sounding.

[0305] Steps S530 and S540, after receiving the NDPA trigger frame, the switching non-AP MLD sends an NDPA frame to the multiple candidate AP MLDs on the sub-7GHz link, and then sends an NDP frame.

[0306] Step S550, the candidate AP MLD receiving the NDP frame measures the CSI on the sub-7GHz link corresponding to the switching non-AP MLD, and feeds back all the measured CSI information to the serving AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link.

[0307] Step S560, the serving AP MLD generates a candidate AP MLD order list according to the CSI information.

[0308] As shown in FIG. 6, the method shown in FIG. 6 can include steps S610-S660.

[0309] Step S610, after the switching non-AP MLD fails to perform beam tracking with the serving AP MLD, the switching non-AP MLD sends a switching request frame to the serving AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link to initiate a millimeter wave beam switching request.

[0310] Step S620, after receiving the request, the serving AP MLD selects multiple suitable candidate AP MLDs, and sends an MA-NDPA trigger frame to the candidate AP MLDs on the sub-7GHz link to start channel sounding.

[0311] Steps S630 and S640, the candidate AP MLDs receiving the MA-NDPA trigger frame can simultaneously send an NDPA frame to the switching non-AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link, and then simultaneously send an NDP frame.

[0312] Step S650, the switching non-AP MLD receiving the NDP frame measures the CSI on the sub-7GHz link corresponding to each candidate AP MLD, and can generate a candidate AP MLD order list according to the information.

[0313] Step S660, the switching non-AP MLD selects a target AP MLD according to the list, and feeds back the target AP MLD in an AP information interaction frame to the serving AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link, and then can perform subsequent switching procedures.

[0314] As shown in FIG. 7, the method shown in FIG. 7 can include steps S710-S760.

[0315] Step S710, after beam tracking fails, the serving AP MLD sends a switching request frame to the master AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link to request mmWave beam switching.

[0316] Step S720, after the master AP MLD receives the switching request frame, it can select multiple suitable candidate AP MLDs and send a MA-NDPA trigger frame to them on the sub-7GHz link to start channel sounding. Among them, the master AP MLD can also be a candidate AP MLD.

[0317] Steps S730 and S740, the candidate AP MLDs receiving the MA-NDPA trigger frame can simultaneously send NDPA frames to the switching non-AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link with the master AP MLD, and then simultaneously send NDP frames.

[0318] The switching non-AP MLD receiving the NDP frame will measure the CSI of the sub-7GHz link corresponding to each candidate AP MLD.

[0319] Step S750, the switching non-AP MLD feeds back all the measured CSI information to the master AP MLD through the sub-7GHz link.

[0320] Step S760, the master AP MLD generates a candidate AP MLD sequence table suitable for beamforming training according to the received CSI of multiple candidate AP MLDs, and the candidate AP MLD corresponding to the better CSI has a higher priority.

[0321] Beamforming training scheme decision phase

[0322] The beamforming training scheme decision phase is illustrated in FIG. 16A taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example.

[0323] FIG. 16A includes steps S1610-S1660.

[0324] S1610, the master AP MLD can send the candidate AP MLD sequence table obtained in the channel sounding phase to the switching non-AP MLD through the sub-7GHz in the form of an AP information exchange frame.

[0325] The AP information exchange frame includes the AP MLD ID of multiple candidate AP MLDs, the second type of link Link ID of the candidate AP MLD, the corresponding CSI value, and the switching priority in the candidate AP MLD sequence table.

[0326] S1620, the switching non-AP MLD selects a target AP MLD according to the information in the candidate AP MLD sequence table, and feeds back the selected target AP MLD information to the master AP MLD through the sub-7GHz in the form of an AP information interaction frame.

[0327] S1630, after the master AP MLD receives the target AP MLD information, it sends an AC trigger frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through the sub-7GHz.

[0328] S1640, after the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD receive the AC trigger frame, they can feed back an AC report frame to the master AP MLD through the sub-7GHz. The AC report frame fed back by the switching non-AP MLD contains the service type of the data frame in the current buffer area and the maximum time that the service transmission can wait. The AC report frame fed back by the target AP MLD contains the service priority of the second type of link transmission data and the time required to complete the current service.

[0329] S1650, after the master AP MLD receives the AC report frame reported by the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD, it will make a decision on the beamforming training scheme in the millimeter wave switching process according to the obtained information.

[0330] S1660, after the master AP MLD decides the beamforming training scheme in the millimeter wave switching, it will send an indication frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through the sub-7GHz to suggest the training scheme. The contents in the indication frame include the second type of link Link ID of the beamforming training object of both sides, the currently decided beamforming training scheme, the beamforming training start timer in the millimeter wave switching, the SNR threshold for the beamforming training reception SSW frame to be qualified, the beamforming training time-out limit (TIME-OUT). The target AP MLD can judge whether to accept the suggestion according to its own situation.

[0331] Second type of link quality verification and association stage

[0332] The second type of link quality verification and association stage of the non-AP MLD is illustrated by taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example, in combination with FIGS. 16A and 16B.

[0333] When the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD receive the indication frame sent by the master AP MLD, the beamforming training start timer indicated by the indication frame starts counting.

[0334] At the end of the beamforming training start timer, the target AP MLD can send an SSW frame to the switching non-AP MLD over the mmWave link. At the same time, the indication of the start of the beamforming training timeout period is indicated in the indication frame.

[0335] When the switching non-AP MLD receives the SSW frame sent by the target AP MLD within the beamforming training timeout period, and there is a sector in the received SSW frame that satisfies the SNR threshold indicated in the indication frame for the beamforming training to receive the SSW frame, the switching non-AP MLD feeds back the SSW frame to the target AP MLD over the second type of link, and completes the subsequent beamforming training. The switching non-AP MLD completes the authentication association with the target AP MLD in the process of beamforming training. Then the switching non-AP MLD sends a disassociation notification to the serving AP over sub-7GHz and disconnects all links, and establishes a new sub-7GHz link with the target AP with the help of the mmWave link.

[0336] When none of the SSW frames received by the switching non-AP MLD from the target AP MLD satisfies the SNR threshold for the beamforming training to receive the SSW frame, or because: the quality of the second type of link between the non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD is not good; the target AP MLD refuses the beamforming training scheme proposed by the master AP, resulting in that the switching non-AP MLD does not receive the SSW frame sent by the target AP MLD within the TIME-OUT, the switching non-AP MLD will feed back the AP information interaction frame to the master AP MLD over sub-7GHz. The AP information interaction frame can contain the new target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD. After receiving the AP information interaction frame, the master AP MLD will send an AC trigger frame to the new target AP MLD over sub-7GHz to make a beamforming training scheme decision.

[0337] Embodiment 2

[0338] Embodiment 2 is the same as embodiment 1 in the channel sounding phase and the verification and association phase of the quality of the second type of link. The difference between embodiment 2 and embodiment 1 is that after the master AP MLD makes a beamforming training scheme decision in the mmWave switching process according to the information reported by the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD, the interaction mode of the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD is different.

[0339] Embodiment 2 is described in combination with FIG. 17, taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example.

[0340] Step S1810, after the master AP MLD makes the beamforming training scheme decision in the millimeter wave handover process according to the information reported by the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD, the master AP MLD sends a BF request frame to the target AP MLD through the sub-7GHz link to inquire whether the target AP MLD agrees with the currently decided beamforming training scheme.

[0341] The beamforming training scheme currently decided, the second type of link identification of the switching non-AP MLD are included in the BF request frame.

[0342] Step S1820, after the target AP MLD receives the frame, it decides whether to agree with the training scheme in the millimeter wave handover suggested by the master AP MLD according to its own situation, and feeds back the result to the master AP MLD through the sub-7GHz in the form of a BF response frame.

[0343] If the target AP MLD accepts the training scheme in the millimeter wave handover suggested by the master AP MLD, step S1830 is performed.

[0344] Step S1830, the master AP MLD sends a BF-Info frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through the sub-7GHz. The BF-Info frame can include the beamforming training start timer (BF-Timer) in the millimeter wave handover, the SNR threshold for the beamforming training receiving SSW frame to be qualified, the beamforming training timeout limit (TIME-OUT).

[0345] If the target AP MLD refuses the training scheme in the millimeter wave handover suggested by the master AP MLD, steps S1840-S1860 are performed.

[0346] Step S1840, the master AP MLD sends an indication frame to the switching non-AP MLD through the sub-7GHz. The training scheme field in the indication frame is set to a value indicating that the switching non-AP MLD is suggested to select the next target AP MLD.

[0347] Step S1850, the switching non-AP MLD feeds back an AP information interaction frame to the master AP MLD through the sub-7GHz, containing the new target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD.

[0348] Step S1860, after the master AP MLD receives the AP information interaction frame, it sends an AC-trigger frame to the new target AP MLD through the sub-7GHz to make a beamforming training scheme decision.

[0349] Embodiment 3

[0350] Embodiment 3 proposes an improved scheme in combination with the BTW-related frame structure to improve compatibility with related technologies (e.g., IEEE 802.11).

[0351] Embodiment 3 is described in combination with FIG. 18, taking the scenario shown in FIG. 7 as an example.

[0352] Step S1910, after the switching non-AP MLD fails to perform beam tracking with the serving AP MLD, the switching non-AP MLD or the serving AP MLD sends a switching request frame to the master AP MLD via sub-7GHz.

[0353] The switching request frame is modified based on the BSS switching management query frame. The BSS switching management query frame includes the second type of link information of the switching non-AP MLD to be switched and the sub-7GHz link information for subsequent channel sounding. Then the channel sounding phase is completed as described in Embodiment 1.

[0354] In the channel sounding phase of the present embodiment, the party performing channel sounding must be the candidate AP MLD party. After the candidate AP MLD receives the NDP frame, it measures the CSI of the sub-7GHz link corresponding to the switching non-AP MLD. Then, the candidate AP MLD sends a candidate AP MLD information notification frame modified based on the BSS switching management request frame to the master AP, where the BSS switching candidate list entry field of the frame is composed of one neighbor report element describing itself, and each neighbor report element contains the second type of link information of the corresponding candidate AP MLD, the buffer status information of itself, the expected time information of the current task, and the CSI value measured in the channel sounding phase. In addition, the switching priority field in the neighbor report element is set to 0. After the AP MLD receives the information, it generates a candidate AP MLD order list.

[0355] Step S1920, after completing the channel sounding phase, the master AP MLD sends a candidate AP MLD information notification frame to the switching non-AP MLD via sub-7GHz. The candidate AP MLD information notification frame is modified based on the BSS switching management request frame. The BSS switching candidate list entry field of the frame is composed of neighbor report elements describing multiple candidate AP MLDs, and each neighbor report element contains the second type of link information of the corresponding candidate AP MLD, the switching priority in the candidate AP MLD order list, and the CSI value measured in the channel sounding phase.

[0356] Step S1930, after receiving the candidate AP MLD information notification frame, the switching non-AP MLD will send a target AP MLD reporting frame to the master AP MLD through sub-7GHz. The target AP MLD reporting frame is modified based on the BSS switching management response frame. The BSS switching candidate list entry field of the BSS switching management response frame only includes a neighbor report element describing the target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD. The information contained in the neighbor report element is the same as that in the neighbor report element in the candidate AP MLD information notification frame.

[0357] In the subsequent process, when the master AP MLD sends an indication frame to the switching non-AP MLD through sub-7GHz to inform it to report a new target AP MLD, and when the switching non-AP MLD does not receive the SSW frame sent by the target AP MLD or all received SSW frames do not meet the requirements, the switching non-AP MLD reports the newly selected target AP MLD by sending a target AP MLD reporting frame to the master AP MLD through sub-7GHz. Subsequently, the master AP only needs to send an AC trigger frame to the switching non-AP MLD to trigger it to report the buffer status information and the maximum delay information that can meet the current transmission service needs to make a decision.

[0358] It should be noted that one or more of the BTW related frames in embodiment 3 can be replaced by the frames in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 that achieve the same function.

[0359] Embodiments 1-3 are all implemented based on a multi-AP cooperation framework containing a master AP MLD. The following describes a technical solution implemented based on a multi-AP cooperation framework of a serving AP MLD through embodiment 4. In embodiment 4, the multi-AP cooperation framework can contain a master AP MLD or not.

[0360] Embodiment 4

[0361] In the beam switching process under the multi-AP cooperation architecture assisted by the serving AP MLD, the switching of the non-AP MLD needs to be performed through the interaction between the current serving AP MLD and the candidate AP MLD. For example, the serving AP MLD can negotiate with the candidate AP MLD to perform channel probing, beamforming training scheme decision, and the like.

[0362] Embodiment 4 takes the frames designed based on the BTM related frame structure as an example for expansion. The beam switching process under the multi-AP cooperation architecture assisted by the serving AP MLD provided in the present application can also be implemented based on the frame structure in embodiment 1 or embodiment 2.

[0363] The following is described in conjunction with FIG. 19.

[0364] Step S2010, after the switching non-AP MLD fails to switch the beam tracking with the serving AP MLD, the switching non-AP MLD initiates the sending of a switching request frame based on the BSS switching management query frame to the serving AP MLD through sub-7GHz.

[0365] After the serving AP MLD receives the request, it will select a plurality of suitable candidate AP MLDs, and trigger the channel sounding between the candidate AP MLDs and the switching non-AP MLD on the sub-7GHz link in the channel sounding stage similar to that in Embodiment 3. Each candidate AP MLD measures the CSI of the sub-7GHz link corresponding to the non-AP MLD, and feeds back all the measured CSI information to the serving AP MLD through the sub-7GHz link (through the candidate AP MLD information notification frame, which can be modified based on the BSS switching management request frame).

[0366] The serving AP MLD generates a candidate AP MLD sequence table suitable for beamforming training according to the CSI information. Among them, the better the CSI, the higher the priority of the candidate AP MLD located. It should be noted that the present application is also applicable to maintaining the candidate AP MLD sequence table by the switching non-AP MLD and performing the subsequent decision-making process, which is not limited by the present application.

[0367] Step S2020, the serving AP MLD sends a candidate AP MLD information notification frame modified based on the BSS switching management request frame to the switching non-AP MLD through sub-7GHz.

[0368] Step S2030, after receiving the candidate AP MLD information notification frame, the switching non-AP MLD will select a suitable target AP MLD based on the received information, and feed back a target AP MLD reporting frame modified based on the BSS switching management response frame to the serving AP MLD through sub-7GHz, reporting the target AP MLD selected by itself.

[0369] After the service AP MLD receives the target AP MLD information, it can send an AC trigger frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through sub-7GHz. After the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD receive the AC trigger frame, they can send an AC report frame to the service AP MLD through sub-7GHz. The content contained in the AC report frame fed back by the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD can be the same as described in Embodiment 1. After the service AP MLD receives the information reported by the target AP MLD and the switching non-AP MLD, it will make a decision on the beamforming training scheme in the millimeter wave switching process according to the obtained information. The decision conditions are the same as described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0370] After the service AP MLD makes a decision on the beamforming training scheme in the millimeter wave switching process, it will send an indication frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through sub-7GHz to suggest the training scheme. The content contained in the indication frame is similar to that described in Embodiment 1. The target AP MLD can judge whether to accept the suggestion according to its own situation.

[0371] In the second type of link quality verification and association phase, the process in Embodiment 4 is basically the same as that in Embodiment 1, which will not be repeated here. When the switching non-AP MLD does not receive all the SSW frames from the target AP MLD that satisfy the SNR threshold of the beamforming training receiving SSW frame qualified, or does not receive the SSW frame sent by the target AP MLD within the TIME-OUT, the switching non-AP MLD will feed back the target AP MLD report frame to the service AP MLD through sub-7GHz, containing the new target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD. After the service AP MLD receives the frame, it will send an AC trigger frame to the new target AP MLD through sub-7GHz to make a decision on the beamforming training scheme.

[0372] Embodiment 5

[0373] FIG. 20 is an example diagram of a wireless communication process provided by Embodiment 5.

[0374] As shown in FIG. 20, after the switching non-AP MLD initiates the switching request to the serving AP MLD, the serving AP MLD sends a switching response frame to the switching non-AP MLD, which includes the candidate AP MLDs selected by the serving AP MLD. If there is an AP MLD in the candidate AP MLDs that the switching non-AP MLD has ever associated with, the switching non-AP MLD can send an AP information interaction frame to the serving AP MLD, which includes the information of the target AP MLD selected by the switching non-AP MLD, i.e., the information of the AP MLD that the switching non-AP MLD has ever associated with.

[0375] After the serving AP MLD receives the target AP MLD information, it sends an AC-trigger frame to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through sub-7GHz.

[0376] After the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD receive the AC-trigger frame, they feed back an AC-report frame to the main AP MLD through sub-7GHz, which includes the same content as described in Embodiment 1.

[0377] The serving AP MLD makes a decision on the beam training scheme according to the received information, and feeds back the decision result to the switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD through an indication frame.

[0378] The switching non-AP MLD and the target AP MLD directly perform authentication association, and perform beam tracking according to the beam information in the previous association. If the tracking is successful, data transmission can be directly performed; if the tracking fails, the switching non-AP MLD sends a switching request frame to the serving AP MLD again to perform beam switching again.

[0379] The method embodiments of the present application are described in detail above, and the device embodiments of the present application are described in detail below. It should be understood that the description of the method embodiments corresponds to the description of the device embodiments, and therefore, the parts not described in detail can be referred to the foregoing method embodiments.

[0380] FIG. 21 is a schematic structural diagram of an MLD 2100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. The MLD 2100 is a first MLD. The MLD 2100 can include a first sending unit 2110.

[0381] The first sending unit 2110 is configured to send a first request frame to a second MLD on a first type of link; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching of a basic service set (BSS) in which a switching non-AP MLD currently locates.

[0382] In an optional embodiment, the first sending unit 2110 can be a transceiver 2630. The MLD 2100 can further include a processor 2610 and a memory 2620, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0383] In the embodiments of the present application, the MLD 2100 described above can be configured to perform part or all of the method steps performed by the first MLD in the method embodiments described above. The modules in the present embodiment have the same functions or perform the same steps as those in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be described here in detail. However, as a person skilled in the art should know, the corresponding description of the foregoing embodiments can be introduced into the present embodiment, which corresponds to the modules in the MLD 2100.

[0384] FIG. 22 is a schematic structural diagram of an MLD 2200 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0385] The MLD 2200 is a second MLD. The AP MLD 2200 includes a first receiving unit 2210.

[0386] The first receiving unit 2210 is configured to receive, on a first type of link, a first frame sent by a first AP MLD; or, a first sending unit is configured to send, on the first type of link, a first frame to the first AP MLD; wherein a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which a non-AP MLD switches from a current second type of link.

[0387] In an optional embodiment, the first receiving unit 2210 can be a transceiver 2630. The MLD 2200 can further include a processor 2610 and a memory 2620, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0388] In the embodiments of the present application, the MLD 2200 described above can be configured to perform part or all of the method steps performed by the second MLD in the method embodiments described above. The modules in the present embodiment have the same functions or perform the same steps as those in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be described here in detail. However, as a person skilled in the art should know, the corresponding description of the foregoing embodiments can be introduced into the present embodiment, which corresponds to the modules in the MLD 2200.

[0389] FIG. 23 is a schematic structural diagram of a non-AP MLD 2300 according to an embodiment of the present application. The non-AP MLD 2300 includes one or more of the following: a second receiving unit 2310, a second sending unit 2320, and a fifth receiving unit 2330.

[0390] The second receiving unit 2310 is configured to receive a first frame sent by a first AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link; the second sending unit 2320 is configured to send a first frame to the first AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link; and the fifth receiving unit 2330 is configured to receive second information; wherein a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link. In an optional embodiment, the second receiving unit 2310, the second sending unit 2320, or the fifth receiving unit 2330 can be a transceiver 2630. The non-AP MLD 2300 can further include a processor 2610 and a memory 2620, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0391] In the embodiments of the present application, the non-AP MLD 2300 described above can be used to perform part or all of the method steps performed by the non-AP MLD in the method embodiments described above. The method flow has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, the modules in the present embodiment have the same function or perform the same steps, which will not be described here again. However, as a person skilled in the art should know that the corresponding textual description of the foregoing embodiments can be introduced into the present embodiment, which corresponds to the modules in the non-AP MLD 2300.

[0392] FIG. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP MLD 2400 according to an embodiment of the present application. The AP MLD 2400 is a first AP MLD. The AP MLD 2400 includes one or more of the following: a third sending unit 2410, a third receiving unit 2420, and a fourth sending unit 2430.

[0393] The third sending unit 2410 is configured to send a first frame to a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) on a first type of link and / or a second type of link; the third receiving unit 2420 is configured to receive the first frame sent by the non-AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link; and the fourth sending unit 2430 is configured to send second information. The first frame is sent or received by the non-AP MLD, a first measurement result of the first frame is used for determining a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used for indicating information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link. In an optional embodiment, the third sending unit 2410, the third receiving unit 2420, or the fourth sending unit 2430 can be a transceiver 2630. The AP MLD 2400 can further include a processor 2610 and a memory 2620, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0394] In the embodiments of the present application, the AP MLD 2400 described above can be used to execute part or all of the method steps performed by the first AP MLD in the method embodiments described above. The modules in the present embodiment have the same functions or execute the same steps as those in the foregoing embodiments, which will not be described here again. However, as a person skilled in the art should know, the foregoing description corresponding to the foregoing embodiments can be introduced into the present embodiment, and the modules in the AP MLD 2400 correspond thereto.

[0395] FIG. 25 is a schematic structural diagram of an AP MLD 2500 according to an embodiment of the present application. The AP MLD 2500 is a second AP MLD. The AP MLD 2500 includes a fourth receiving unit 2510.

[0396] The fourth receiving unit 2510 is configured to receive a first indication frame. The first indication frame is used to indicate one or more of the following: an identity of a first AP MLD; an identity of a second type of link of the non-AP MLD; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; and a first measurement result. The first measurement result is a measurement result of a first frame sent by the first AP MLD or a non-AP MLD on a first type of link, and is used for determining a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link.

[0397] In an optional embodiment, the fourth receiving unit 2510 can be a transceiver 2630. The AP MLD 2500 can further include a processor 2610 and a memory 2620, as shown in FIG. 26.

[0398] In the embodiments of the present application, the AP MLD 2500 described above can be used to perform part or all of the method steps performed by the second AP MLD in the method embodiments described above. The method flow has been described in detail in the foregoing embodiments, the modules in this embodiment have the same functions or perform the same steps, which will not be described here again. However, as a person skilled in the art should know that the corresponding textual description of the foregoing embodiments can be introduced into the present embodiment, which corresponds to the modules in the AP MLD 2500.

[0399] FIG. 26 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus for communication in the embodiments of the present application. The dashed line in FIG. 26 indicates that the unit or module is optional. The apparatus 2600 can be used to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The apparatus 2600 can be a chip or a communication device.

[0400] The apparatus 2600 can include one or more processors 2610. The processor 2610 can support the apparatus 2600 to implement the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The processor 2610 can be a general purpose processor or a dedicated processor. For example, the processor can be a central processing unit (CPU). Alternatively, the processor can also be other general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic components, discrete hardware components, etc. The general purpose processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor.

[0401] The apparatus 2600 can also include one or more memories 2620. The memory 2620 stores programs, which can be executed by the processor 2610, so that the processor 2610 performs the methods described in the foregoing method embodiments. The memory 2620 can be independent of the processor 2610 or integrated in the processor 2610.

[0402] The apparatus 2600 can also include a transceiver 2630. The processor 2610 can communicate with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2630. For example, the processor 2610 can perform data transmission and reception with other devices or chips through the transceiver 2630.

[0403] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer readable storage medium for storing a program. The computer readable storage medium can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application, and the program causes the computer to execute the method performed by the communication device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0404] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a program. The computer program product can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application, and the program causes the computer to execute the method performed by the communication device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0405] The embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program. The computer program can be applied to the communication device provided by the embodiment of the present application, and the computer program causes the computer to execute the method performed by the communication device in the various embodiments of the present application.

[0406] It should be understood that the terms "system" and "network" can be used interchangeably in the present application. In addition, the terms used in the present application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application. The terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the drawings are used to distinguish different objects, and are not used to describe a particular order. In addition, the terms "include" and "have" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0407] In the embodiments of the present application, the "field" can also be referred to as "domain", "subfield" or "sub-field". One field can occupy one or more bytes (octets), or one field can occupy one or more bits (bits).

[0408] The field name defined in the embodiments of the present application is only an example, and the field can have other names.

[0409] In the embodiments of the present application, the "indication" mentioned can be direct indication, indirect indication, or can be an indication with an associated relationship. For example, A indicates B, which can mean that A directly indicates B, for example, B can be obtained through A; or A indirectly indicates B, for example, A indicates C, and B can be obtained through C; or A and B have an associated relationship.

[0410] In the embodiments of the present application, "B corresponding to A" means that B is associated with A, and B can be determined according to A. However, it should also be understood that determining B according to A does not mean that B is determined only according to A, but B can also be determined according to A and / or other information.

[0411] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "corresponding" can represent a direct or indirect corresponding relationship between the two, can also represent an associated relationship between the two, and can also indicate a relationship such as being indicated, configured, and the like.

[0412] In the embodiments of the present application, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be implemented by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables or other means for indicating related information in devices (for example, including AP and STA), and the specific implementation manner is not limited in the present application. For example, the predefinition can refer to the definition in the protocol.

[0413] In the embodiments of the present application, the term "and / or" is only used to describe the association relationship of the associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can represent three cases of A alone, A and B together, and B alone. In addition, the character " / " in this paper generally represents an "or" relationship between the associated objects before and after it.

[0414] In the embodiments of the present application, "including" can mean direct or indirect including. Alternatively, "including" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be replaced by "indicating" or "used for determining". For example, A includes B can be replaced by A indicating B or A used for determining B.

[0415] In various embodiments of the present application, the size of the serial number of the above processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of the processes should be determined according to its function and inherent logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of the present application.

[0416] In the embodiments of the present application, the "protocol" can refer to a standard protocol in the communication field, for example, can include WiFi protocol and related protocols applied to future WiFi communication systems, and the present application does not limit this.

[0417] In several embodiments provided by the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, device and method can be implemented by other manners. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic, for example, the division of the units is only a logical function division, and actual implementation can have another division manner, for example, a plurality of units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. In addition, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection between the shown or discussed mutual objects can be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.

[0418] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, i.e., may be located in one place, or may be distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of the embodiment of the present application according to actual needs.

[0419] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application can be integrated in one processing unit, or each unit can be physically present alone, or two or more units can be integrated in one unit.

[0420] In the above embodiments, all or part can be realized by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When realized by software, all or part can be realized in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When loaded and executed by a computer, the computer instructions produce the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable device. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer readable storage medium or transferred from one computer readable storage medium to another, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server or data center to another website, computer, server or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) mode. The computer readable storage medium can be any available medium readable by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media. The available media can be magnetic media (such as floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (such as digital video disc (DVD)) or semiconductor media (such as solid state disk (SSD)) and the like.

[0421] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed in the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: Comprising: a first multi-link device MLD sends a first request frame to a second MLD over a first type of link; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a basic service set BSS in which a non-access point multi-link device non-AP MLD currently resides in a second type of link.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The first request frame comprises one or more of: an identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; an identification of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first request frame comprises a probe request frame or a BSS switch management query frame.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, Based on the first request frame, the second MLD instructs the non-AP MLD and / or a first AP MLD to send the first frame, a first measurement result of the first frame being used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of the current second type of link.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first MLD comprises the non-AP MLD or a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD.

6. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: Comprising: a second multi-link device MLD receives a first MLD sending a first request frame over a first type of link; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a basic service set BSS in which a non-access point multi-link device non-AP MLD currently resides in a second type of link.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein, The first request frame comprises one or more of: an identification of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; an identification of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD.

8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The first request frame comprises a probe request frame or a BSS switch management query frame.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, Based on the first request frame, the second MLD instructs the non-AP MLD and / or a first AP MLD to send the first frame, a first measurement result of the first frame being used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of the current second type of link.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, The first MLD comprises the non-AP MLD or a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD.

11. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: Comprising one or more of: a non-access point multi-link device non-AP MLD receives a first frame sent by a first access point multi-link device AP MLD over a first type of link and / or a second type of link; the non-AP MLD sends a first frame to the first AP MLD over a first type of link and / or a second type of link; the non-AP MLD receives second information; wherein a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of the current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD over the second type of link.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein, The first measurement result comprises a channel sounding result based on the first frame.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that, The target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities corresponding to the one or more candidate AP MLDs are determined based on the first measurement result and / or the second information, and the target AP MLD is selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein, The one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, and the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD is indicated by an order of the first AP MLD in the first list.

15. The method according to any one of claims 11-14, characterized in that, The method further includes: The non-AP MLD sends a first indication frame; The first indication frame includes one or more of the following: An identifier of the first AP MLD; An identifier of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; The priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; The first measurement result.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The first indication frame includes an action frame or a BSS switch management request frame.

17. The method according to any one of claims 11-16, characterized in that, The transmission of the first frame is based on a request of a first request frame; and the first request frame is used to request switching of a BSS in which the non-AP MLD currently resides.

18. The method according to any one of claims 11-17, characterized by, The method further includes: The non-AP MLD sends a second frame; The second frame is used to indicate the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, The second frame includes a BSS switch management response frame.

20. The method of any one of claims 11-19, wherein, The method further includes: The non-AP MLD sends first information; The first information is used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The first information includes one or more of the following: A traffic type of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; A traffic priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; A first time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer of the non-AP MLD; A size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD; A traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; A traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; A third time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; A size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein, The method further includes: The non-AP MLD receives fifth information; The fifth information is used to indicate one or more of the following: A traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; A traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; A third time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; A size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD.

23. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein, The method further includes: The non-AP MLD receives a first trigger frame; The first trigger frame includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the non-AP MLD transmits the first information.

24. The method of any one of claims 20-22, wherein, The first information and the second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic of the second type of link transmission currently transmitted by the first AP MLD, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD on the second type of link.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein, The second information includes one or more of the following: a traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; an expected second time length required to complete the first traffic; a number of TIDs in a buffer area of the first AP MLD; a size of the buffer area of the first AP MLD.

26. The method of claim 23 or 24, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme includes one or more of the following: The non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; The first AP MLD ends the first traffic and preferentially performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; The target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

27. The method of claim 25, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme satisfies one or more of the following: In a case where a first time length is greater than a second time length, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; In a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a traffic priority of buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is higher than a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the first AP MLD ends the first traffic and preferentially performs beamforming training with the non-AP; In a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a traffic priority of buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is lower than a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD; The first time length is a time length satisfying a buffer area transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second time length is an expected time length required to complete the first traffic. The first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

28. The method of any one of claims 23-26, wherein, The method further includes:

29. The method of any one of claims 23-27, wherein, The non-AP MLD receives third information; The third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme. In a case where it is determined based on the first measurement result that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, the method further includes:

30. The method of any one of claims 11-28, wherein, The non-AP MLD expects to receive one or more third frames transmitted by the first AP MLD in a first direction on the second type of link; ​ The third frame is used for sector scanning.

31. The method of claim 29, wherein, Whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on the third frame.

32. The method of claim 30, wherein, Whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following: Whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within a first window; A size relationship between a measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold.

33. The method of any one of claim 31, wherein, If the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within the first time window and the measurement result of the third frame is greater than or equal to the first threshold, performing beamforming training with the first AP MLD; and / or If the non-AP MLD does not receive the third frame within the first time window or the measurement result of all the third frames received is less than the first threshold, replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

34. The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein, The method further comprises: The non-AP MLD receives fourth information; The fourth information comprises one or more of the following: A first timer duration, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer duration; A second timer duration, a duration of the first window is determined based on the second timer duration; The first threshold.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein, The non-AP MLD receives fourth information comprises: In a case where the first AP MLD accepts the suggested first beamforming training scheme, the non-AP MLD receives the fourth information.

36. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: Comprises one or more of the following: A first access point multi-link device (AP MLD) sends a first frame to a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) on a first type of link and / or a second type of link; The first AP MLD receives the first frame sent by the non-AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link; The first AP MLD sends second information; The first frame is sent or received by the non-AP MLD, a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a current serving AP MLD of the second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

37. The method of claim 36, wherein, The first measurement result comprises a channel sounding result obtained based on the first frame.

38. The method of claim 36 or 37, wherein, The target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities of the one or more candidate AP MLDs are determined based on the first measurement result and / or the second information, and the target AP MLD is selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein, The one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, and priorities corresponding to the first AP MLDs are indicated by orders of the first AP MLDs in the first list.

40. The method of any one of claims 36-39, wherein, The transmission of the first frame is in response to a request of a first request frame; and the first request frame is used to request switching of a BSS in which a non-AP MLD currently stays in a second type of link.

41. The method of any one of claims 36-40, wherein, The method further comprises: The first AP MLD sends second information; The second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD in a second type of link.

42. The method of claim 41, wherein, The second information comprises one or more of the following: A traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; A traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; An expected second time length required for completing the first traffic; A number of TIDs in a buffer area of the first AP MLD; A size of the buffer area of the first AP MLD.

43. The method of claim 41 or 42, wherein, The method further comprises: The first AP MLD receives a second trigger frame; The second trigger frame comprises a second field used to indicate whether the first AP MLD sends the second information.

44. The method of any one of claims 41-43, wherein, The first AP MLD sends second information comprises: In a case that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, the first AP MLD sends the second information.

45. The method of any one of claims 41-44, wherein, The first information and the second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer area data of the non-AP MLD, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD in the second type of link.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein, The first information comprises one or more of the following: A traffic type of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD; A traffic priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD; A first time length satisfying a transmission requirement of the buffer area of the non-AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer area of the non-AP MLD; A size of the buffer area of the non-AP MLD; A traffic type of the buffer area data of the serving AP MLD; A traffic priority of the buffer area data of the serving AP MLD; A third time length satisfying a transmission requirement of the buffer area of the serving AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer area of the serving AP MLD; A size of the buffer area of the serving AP MLD.

47. The method of claim 45 or 46, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme comprises one or more of the following: The non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; The first AP MLD ends the first traffic and preferentially performs beamforming training with the non-AP; The target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

48. The method of claim 47, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme satisfies one or more of the following: In a case where the first time duration is greater than the second time duration, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: the non-AP MLD waiting for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; In a case where the first time duration is less than or equal to the second time duration, and the service priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD is higher than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: the first AP MLD ending the first service and preferentially performing beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; In a case where the first time duration is less than or equal to the second time duration, and the service priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD is lower than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. The first time duration is a time duration that meets the buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second time duration is an expected time duration required to complete the first service. The first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

49. The method of any one of claims 45-48, wherein, The method further comprises:

50. The method of any one of claims 45-49, wherein, The first AP MLD receives third information; The third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme. In a case where the first AP MLD is determined to be the target AP MLD based on the first measurement result, the method further comprises:

51. The method of any one of claims 36-50, wherein, The first AP MLD sends one or more third frames in the first direction on the second type of link; The third frame is used for sector scanning. Whether the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD is determined based on the third frame.

52. The method of claim 51, wherein, Whether the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following:

53. The method of claim 52, wherein, Whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within a first window; A size relationship between a measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein, If the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within the first time window, and the measurement result of the third frame is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; And / or, If the non-AP MLD does not receive the third frame within the first time window, or the measurement result of all the third frames received is less than the first threshold, the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. The method further comprises:

55. The method of claim 53 or 54, wherein, The first AP MLD receives fourth information; The fourth information comprises one or more of the following: A first timer duration, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer duration; ​ a second timer duration, a duration of the first window is determined based on the second timer duration; the first threshold.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein, the first AP MLD receives fourth information including: in a case where the first AP MLD accepts the suggested first beamforming training scheme, the first AP MLD receives fourth information.

57. A method of wireless communication, the method comprising: including: a second access point multi-link device, AP MLD, receives a first indication frame; wherein the first indication frame is used to indicate one or more of: an identity of the first AP MLD; an identity of a second type of link of a non-AP multi-link device, non-AP MLD; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; the first measurement result; wherein the first measurement result is a measurement result of a first frame, the first frame being transmitted by the first AP MLD or the non-AP MLD on a first type of link, the first measurement result being used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD is switched from a current second type of link.

58. The method of claim 57, wherein, the first measurement result includes a channel sounding result based on the first frame.

59. The method of claim 57 or 58, wherein, the target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities corresponding to the one or more candidate AP MLDs being determined based on the first measurement result, the target AP MLD being selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

60. The method of claim 59, wherein, the one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, the priority corresponding to the first AP MLD being indicated by an order of the first AP MLD in the first list.

61. The method of any one of claims 57-60, wherein, the first indication frame includes an action frame or a BSS switch management request frame.

62. The method of any one of claims 57-61, wherein, the transmission of the first frame is in response to a request of a first request frame; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a BSS in which the non-AP MLD currently stays.

63. The method of any one of claims 57-62, wherein, the method further includes: the second AP MLD receives a second frame transmitted by the non-AP MLD; wherein the second frame is used to indicate the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD.

64. The method of claim 63, wherein, the second frame includes a BSS switch management response frame.

65. The method of any one of claims 57-64, wherein, the method further includes: the second AP MLD receives first information transmitted by the non-AP MLD; wherein the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD.

66. The method of claim 65, wherein, the first information includes one or more of: a traffic type of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a first duration satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third duration satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in a buffer area of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer area of the serving AP MLD.

67. The method of claim 65 or 66, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD sends a first trigger frame to the non-AP MLD; The first trigger frame includes a first field, and the first field is used to indicate whether the non-AP MLD sends the first information.

68. The method of any one of claims 57-67, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD receives second information sent by the first AP MLD; The second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on a second type of link.

69. The method of claim 68, wherein, The second information includes one or more of the following: a traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; an expected second time length required to complete the first traffic; a number of TIDs in a buffer area of the first AP MLD; a size of the buffer area of the first AP MLD.

70. The method of claim 68 or 69, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD sends a second trigger frame to the first AP MLD; The second trigger frame includes a second field, and the second field is used to indicate whether the first AP MLD sends the second information.

71. The method of any one of claims 68-70, wherein, The second AP MLD receives second information sent by the first AP MLD includes: In a case where the first AP MLD is a target AP MLD, the second AP MLD receives second information sent by the first AP MLD.

72. The method of any one of claims 68-71, wherein, The first information and the second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer area data of the non-AP MLD, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD on the second type of link.

73. The method of claim 72, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme includes one or more of the following: The non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; The first AP MLD ends the first traffic and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD preferentially; The target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

74. The method of claim 73, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme satisfies one or more of the following: In a case where a first time length is greater than a second time length, the first beamforming training scheme includes that the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; In a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a traffic priority of buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is higher than a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme includes that the first AP MLD ends the first traffic and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD preferentially; and In a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a traffic priority of buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is higher than a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme includes that the first AP MLD ends the first traffic and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD preferentially; and In a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length and a service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is lower than a service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme includes: replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. The first time length is a time length meeting a buffer area transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second time length is an expected time length required for completing the first service.

75. The method of any one of claims 72-74, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

76. The method of any one of claims 72-75, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD sends third information. The third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme.

77. The method of any one of claims 57-76, wherein, In a case where the first AP MLD is determined to be the target AP MLD based on the first measurement result, whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following: whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within a first window; and a size relationship between a measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold value.

78. The method of claim 77, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD sends fourth information. The fourth information includes one or more of the following: A first timer length, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer length; A second timer length, a time length of the first window is determined based on the second timer length; The first threshold value.

79. The method of claim 78, wherein, The second AP MLD sending the fourth information includes: In a case where the first AP MLD accepts the first beamforming training scheme recommended by the second AP MLD, the second AP MLD sends the fourth information.

80. The method of any one of claims 57-79, wherein, The method further includes: The second AP MLD sends fifth information. The fifth information is used to indicate one or more of the following: A service type of buffer area data of a service AP MLD of the non-AP MLD; A service priority of the buffer area data of the service AP MLD; A third time length meeting a buffer area transmission requirement of the service AP MLD; A number of TIDs in the buffer area of the service AP MLD; A size of the buffer area of the service AP MLD.

81. A multi-link device, MLD, comprising: The MLD is a first MLD, and the MLD includes: A first sending unit configured to send, to a second MLD, a first request frame on a first type of link. The first request frame is used to request switching of a basic service set (BSS) in which a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) currently resides.

82. The MLD of claim 81, wherein, The first request frame includes one or more of the following: An identifier of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; An identifier of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD.

83. The MLD of claim 81 or 82, wherein, The first request frame includes a probe request frame or a BSS switch management query frame.

84. The MLD of any one of claims 81-83, wherein, Based on the first request frame, the second MLD instructs a non-AP MLD and / or a first AP MLD to transmit the first frame, and a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link.

85. The MLD of any one of claims 81-84, wherein, The first MLD comprises the non-AP MLD or a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD.

86. A multi-link device (MLD) comprising: The MLD is a second MLD, and the MLD comprises: a first receiving unit, configured to receive a first MLD transmitting a first request frame on a first type of link; The first request frame is used to request switching of a basic service set (BSS) in which a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) is currently located in a second type of link.

87. The MLD of claim 86, wherein, The first request frame comprises one or more of the following: an identifier of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; an identifier of the first type of link of the non-AP MLD.

88. The MLD of claim 86 or 87, wherein, The first request frame comprises a probe request frame or a BSS switch management query frame.

89. The MLD of any one of claims 86-88, wherein, Based on the first request frame, the second MLD instructs a non-AP MLD and / or a first AP MLD to transmit the first frame, and a first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link.

90. The MLD of any one of claims 86-89, wherein, The first MLD comprises the non-AP MLD or a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD.

91. A non-access point multi-link device non-AP MLD, comprising: comprises one or more of the following: a second receiving unit, configured to receive a first AP MLD transmitting a first frame on a first type of link and / or a second type of link; or a second sending unit, configured to send a first frame to a first AP MLD on a first type of link and / or a second type of link; a fifth receiving unit, configured to receive second information; The first measurement result of the first frame is used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

92. The non-AP MLD according to claim 91, wherein, The first measurement result comprises a channel probe result obtained based on the first frame.

93. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91 or 92, wherein, The target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities of the one or more candidate AP MLDs are determined based on the first measurement result and / or the second information, and the target AP MLD is selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

94. The non-AP MLD according to claim 93, wherein, The one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, and a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD is indicated by an order of the first AP MLD in the first list.

95. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91-94, wherein, The non-AP MLD is further configured to: send a first indication frame; The first indication frame comprises one or more of the following: an identifier of the first AP MLD; an identifier of the second type of link of the non-AP MLD; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; the first measurement result.

96. The non-AP MLD of claim 95, wherein, The first indication frame includes an action frame or a BSS switch management request frame.

97. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91-96, wherein, The transmission of the first frame is based on a request of a first request frame; wherein the first request frame is used to request switching a BSS in which the non-AP MLD is currently located in a second type of link.

98. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91-97, wherein, The non-AP MLD is further configured to: transmit a second frame; wherein the second frame is used to indicate the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD.

99. The non-AP MLD of claim 98, wherein, The second frame includes a BSS switch management response frame.

100. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91-99, wherein, The non-AP MLD is further configured to: transmit first information; wherein the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD.

101. The non-AP MLD of claim 100, wherein, The first information includes one or more of the following: a traffic type of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a first time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD.

102. The non-AP MLD of claim 101, wherein, The non-AP MLD is further configured to: receive fifth information; wherein the fifth information is used to indicate one or more of the following: a traffic type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD.

103. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 100-102, wherein, The non-AP MLD is further configured to: receive a first trigger frame; wherein the first trigger frame includes a first field used to indicate whether the non-AP MLD transmits the first information.

104. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 100-103, wherein, The first information and second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, the second information is used to indicate information related to a first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD in a second type of link, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD in the second type of link.

105. The non-AP MLD according to claim 104, wherein, The second information includes one or more of the following: a traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; an expected second time length required to complete the first traffic; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the first AP MLD; a size of a buffer area of the first AP MLD.

106. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 104 or 105, wherein, the first beamforming training scheme comprises one or more of the following: the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; the first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD in priority; the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

107. The non-AP MLD of claim 106, wherein, the first beamforming training scheme meets one or more of the following: in the case where the first duration is greater than the second duration, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; in the case where the first duration is less than or equal to the second duration, and the service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is higher than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: the first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP in priority; in the case where the first duration is less than or equal to the second duration, and the service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is lower than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD; wherein the first duration is a duration that meets the buffer area transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second duration is an expected duration required to complete the first service.

108. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 104-107, wherein, the first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

109. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 104-108, wherein, the non-AP MLD is further configured to: receive third information; wherein the third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme.

110. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 91-109, wherein, in the case where it is determined based on the first measurement result that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, the non-AP MLD is further configured to: expect to receive one or more third frames sent by the first AP MLD in a first direction on the second type of link; wherein the third frame is used for sector scanning.

111. The non-AP MLD according to claim 110, wherein, whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on the third frame.

112. The non-AP MLD according to claim 111, wherein, whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following: whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within a first window; a size relationship between a measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold.

113. The non-AP MLD of any of claim 112, wherein, if the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within the first time window, and a measurement result of the third frame is greater than or equal to the first threshold, performing beamforming training with the first AP MLD; and / or if the non-AP MLD does not receive the third frame within the first time window, or measurement results of all the third frames received are less than the first threshold, replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

114. The non-AP MLD according to any one of claims 112 or 113, wherein, The non-AP MLD is also configured to: receive fourth information; The fourth information includes one or more of the following: a first timer duration, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer duration; a second timer duration, a duration of the first window is determined based on the second timer duration; the first threshold.

115. The non-AP MLD according to claim 114, wherein, The receiving fourth information includes: receiving fourth information in the case that the first AP MLD accepts the suggested first beamforming training scheme.

116. An access point multi-link device (AP MLD), comprising: The AP MLD is a first AP MLD, and the AP MLD includes one or more of the following: a third sending unit configured to send a first frame to a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) on a first type of link and / or a second type of link; a third receiving unit configured to receive the first frame sent by the non-AP MLD on the first type of link and / or the second type of link; a fourth sending unit configured to send second information; The first frame is sent or received by the non-AP MLD, a first measurement result of the first frame is used for determining a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD, and the second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

117. The AP MLD of claim 116, wherein, The first measurement result includes a channel sounding result obtained based on the first frame.

118. The AP MLD of any one of claims 116 or 117, wherein, The target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities of the one or more candidate AP MLDs are determined based on the first measurement result and / or the second information, and the target AP MLD is selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

119. The AP MLD of claim 118, wherein, The one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, and a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD is indicated by an order of the first AP MLD in the first list.

120. The AP MLD of any one of claims 116-119, wherein, The transmission of the first frame is in response to a request of a first request frame; and the first request frame is used to request switching of a BSS in which the non-AP MLD currently locates on the second type of link.

121. The AP MLD of any one of claims 116-120, wherein, The AP MLD is also configured to: send second information; The second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on the second type of link.

122. The AP MLD of claim 121, wherein, The second information includes one or more of the following: a traffic type corresponding to the first traffic; a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic; a second expected duration required to complete the first service; a number of TIDs in a buffer of the first AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the first AP MLD.

123. The AP MLD of any one of claims 121 or 122, wherein, The AP MLD further includes: receiving a second trigger frame; The second trigger frame includes a second field, and the second field is used to indicate whether the first AP MLD sends the second information. The first AP MLD sends the second information includes:

124. The AP MLD of any one of claims 121-123, wherein, In a case that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, the first AP MLD sends the second information. The first information and the second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD on the second type of link.

125. The AP MLD of any one of claims 121-124, wherein, The first information includes one or more of the following:

126. The AP MLD of claim 125, wherein, a service type of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a service priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a first duration that meets a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD; a number of TIDs in a buffer of the non-AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a service type of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a service priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third duration that meets a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in a buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD. The first beamforming training scheme includes one or more of the following:

127. The AP MLD of any one of claims 125 or 126, wherein, The non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; The first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD in priority; The target AP MLD is replaced by an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD. The first beamforming training scheme meets one or more of the following:

128. The AP MLD of claim 127, wherein, In a case that the first duration is greater than the second duration, the first beamforming training scheme includes that the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; In a case that the first duration is less than or equal to the second duration, and the service priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD is higher than the service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme includes that the first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD in priority; ​ in a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length and a traffic priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD is lower than a traffic priority corresponding to the first traffic, the first beamforming training scheme comprises: replacing the target AP MLD with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD; wherein the first time length is a time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second time length is an expected time length required for completing the first traffic.

129. The AP MLD of any one of claims 125-128, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

130. The AP MLD of any one of claims 125-129, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to: receive third information; wherein the third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme.

131. The AP MLD of any one of claims 116-130, wherein, in a case where the first AP MLD is determined to be the target AP MLD based on the first measurement result, the AP MLD is further configured to: transmit one or more third frames in a first direction on the link of the second type; wherein the third frames are used for sector scanning.

132. The AP MLD of claim 131, wherein, Whether the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD is determined based on the third frames.

133. The AP MLD of claim 132, wherein, Whether the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following: whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frames within a first window; a size relationship between a measurement result of the third frames received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold.

134. The AP MLD of claim 133, wherein, if the non-AP MLD receives the third frames within the first time window and the measurement result of the third frames is greater than or equal to the first threshold, the first AP MLD performs beamforming training with the non-AP MLD; and / or, if the non-AP MLD does not receive the third frames within the first time window or the measurement result of all the third frames received is less than the first threshold, the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

135. The AP MLD of any one of claims 133 or 134, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to: receive fourth information; wherein the fourth information comprises one or more of the following: a first timer length, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer length; a second timer length, a time length of the first window is determined based on the second timer length; the first threshold.

136. The AP MLD of claim 135, wherein, The fourth information comprises: in a case where the first AP MLD accepts the recommended first beamforming training scheme, receiving fourth information.

137. An access point multi-link device (AP MLD), comprising: The AP MLD is a second AP MLD, and the AP MLD comprises: a fourth receiving unit configured to receive a first indication frame; wherein the first indication frame is used to indicate one or more of the following: an identity of the first AP MLD; an identity of the link of the second type of the non-AP MLD; a priority corresponding to the first AP MLD; The first measurement result is a measurement result of a first frame, the first frame being sent by a first AP MLD or a non-AP MLD on a first type of link, and the first measurement result being used to determine a target AP MLD to which the non-AP MLD switches from a serving AP MLD of a current second type of link. The first measurement result includes a channel sounding result obtained based on the first frame.

138. The AP MLD of claim 137, wherein, The target AP MLD is selected from one or more candidate AP MLDs, priorities of the one or more candidate AP MLDs being determined based on the first measurement result, and the target AP MLD being selected from the one or more candidate AP MLDs based on the priorities.

139. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137 or 138, wherein, The one or more candidate AP MLDs belong to a first list, and a priority of the first AP MLD is indicated by an order of the first AP MLD in the first list.

140. The AP MLD of claim 139, wherein, The first indication frame includes an action frame or a BSS switch management request frame.

141. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-140, wherein, The first frame is transmitted in response to a request of a first request frame, and the first request frame is used to request a switch of a BSS in which the non-AP MLD is currently located.

142. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-141, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to:

143. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-142, wherein, receive a second frame sent by the non-AP MLD; The second frame is used to indicate the target AP MLD selected by the non-AP MLD. The second frame includes a BSS switch management response frame.

144. The AP MLD of claim 143, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to:

145. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-144, wherein, receive first information sent by the non-AP MLD; The first information is used to indicate information related to buffer data of the non-AP MLD. The first information includes one or more of the following:

146. The AP MLD of claim 145, wherein, a traffic type of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the non-AP MLD; a first time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the non-AP MLD; a traffic type of buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third time length satisfying a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD. The AP MLD is further configured to:

147. The AP MLD of any one of claims 145 or 146, wherein, The second AP MLD sends a first trigger frame to the non-AP MLD; The first trigger frame includes a first field used to indicate whether the non-AP MLD sends the first information. The AP MLD is further configured to receive second information sent by the first AP MLD; 148. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-147, wherein, The second information is used to indicate information related to first traffic currently transmitted by the first AP MLD on a second type of link. ​ 149. The AP MLD of claim 148, wherein, The second information includes one or more of the following: a service type corresponding to the first service; a service priority corresponding to the first service; an expected second time length required to complete the first service; a number of TIDs in a buffer area of the first AP MLD; a size of the buffer area of the first AP MLD.

150. The AP MLD of any one of claims 148 or 149, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to: send a second trigger frame to the first AP MLD; wherein the second trigger frame includes a second field, and the second field is used to indicate whether the first AP MLD sends the second information.

151. The AP MLD according to any of Claims 148-150, wherein, The receiving of the second information sent by the first AP MLD includes: in a case where the first AP MLD is a target AP MLD, receiving the second information sent by the first AP MLD.

152. The AP MLD of any one of claims 148-151, wherein, The first information and the second information are used to determine the first beamforming training scheme, the first information is used to indicate information related to buffer area data of the non-AP MLD, and the first beamforming training scheme is a beamforming training scheme of the first AP MLD and the non-AP MLD on the second type of link.

153. The AP MLD of claim 152, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme includes one or more of the following: the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; the first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP first; the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD.

154. The AP MLD of claim 153, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme satisfies one or more of the following: in a case where the first time length is greater than the second time length, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the non-AP MLD waits for the first AP MLD beam to be idle before performing beamforming training; in a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is higher than a service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the first AP MLD ends the first service and performs beamforming training with the non-AP first; in a case where the first time length is less than or equal to the second time length, and a service priority of the buffer area data of the non-AP MLD is lower than a service priority corresponding to the first service, the first beamforming training scheme includes: the target AP MLD is replaced with an AP MLD different from the first AP MLD; wherein the first time length is a time length satisfying a buffer area transmission requirement of the non-AP MLD, and the second time length is an expected time length required to complete the first service.

155. The AP MLD of any one of claims 152-154, wherein, The first beamforming training scheme is a recommended beamforming training scheme.

156. The AP MLD of any one of claims 152-155, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to: send third information; wherein the third information is used to indicate the first beamforming training scheme.

157. The AP MLD of any one of claims 137-156, wherein, In a case where it is determined, based on the first measurement result, that the first AP MLD is the target AP MLD, whether the non-AP MLD performs beamforming training with the first AP MLD is determined based on one or more of the following: whether the non-AP MLD receives the third frame within a first window; a size relationship between a measurement result of the third frame received by the non-AP MLD and a first threshold.

158. The AP MLD of claim 157, wherein, The AP MLD is further configured to: transmit fourth information; wherein the fourth information comprises one or more of the following: a first timer duration, a start time of the first window is determined based on the first timer duration; a second timer duration, a time length of the first window is determined based on the second timer duration; the first threshold.

159. The AP MLD of claim 158, wherein, The transmitting of the fourth information comprises: transmitting the fourth information in a case where the first AP MLD accepts the first beamforming training scheme suggested by the second AP MLD.

160. The method of any one of claims 137-159, wherein, The method further comprises: the second AP MLD transmits fifth information; wherein the fifth information is used to indicate one or more of the following: a traffic type of buffer data of a serving AP MLD of the non-AP MLD; a traffic priority of the buffer data of the serving AP MLD; a third time length that meets a buffer transmission requirement of the serving AP MLD; a number of TIDs in the buffer of the serving AP MLD; a size of the buffer of the serving AP MLD.

161. A communications device, characterized by A communication device comprising a transceiver, a memory, and a processor, the memory being configured to store a program, the processor being configured to invoke the program in the memory and control the transceiver to receive or transmit signals, so that the communication device performs the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

162. An apparatus, comprising: A device comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory, so that the device performs the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

163. A chip, comprising: A chip comprising a processor configured to invoke a program from a memory, so that a device installed with the chip performs the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

164. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program product having a program stored thereon, the program causing a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

165. A computer program product, characterized in that, A computer program product having a program stored thereon, the program causing a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

166. A computer program characterised in that, The computer program product causes a computer to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-80.

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