Rate adaptation for QOS flow
By measuring and adjusting UL and DL rates for QoS flows, the network node addresses the inefficiencies in CU-DU split architecture, enabling precise rate control and enhancing network performance.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/077692
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In CU-DU split architecture, existing systems struggle to effectively adapt the rate per QoS flow due to the gNB-DU's inability to measure rates per QoS flow, leading to inefficiencies in managing radio congestion.
A network node measures UL and DL rates for a QoS flow, determines rate adaptations based on these measurements, and communicates these adjustments to the UE, enabling precise rate control per QoS flow.
Enables effective rate adaptation for QoS flows, addressing the inefficiencies in CU-DU split architecture by allowing accurate determination of which QoS flow and rate level to adjust, thereby improving network performance.
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Figure CN2025077692_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
RATE ADAPTATION FOR QOS FLOWTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to network nodes, user equipment (UE) and methods supporting rate adaptation for a Quality of Service (QoS) flow.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as UE, or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] The third generation partnership project (3GPP) has agreed to support rate control for uplink (UL) to adapt a UL rate during congestion status for a UE. When a gNB detects UL congestion status for a QoS flow or a data radio bearer (DRB) , the gNB can indicate a reduced or increased rate to the UE for a QoS flow mapped to the DRB. If multiple QoS flows are mapped to the DRB, one solution is to indicate the reduced or increased rate per QoS flow to the UE. The UE receives and forwards the reduced or increased rate to upper layer of the UE for rate adaptation.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to network nodes, communication devices and methods that support rate adaptation for a QoS flow. With the network nodes, UE and methods, rate adaptation for a QoS flow can be achieved in CU-DU split architecture.
[0005] Some implementations of a first network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the first network node to: obtain at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; determine whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; and based on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmit, via the transceiver to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0006] In some implementations, the processor is configured to obtain at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by: receiving, via the transceiver from a second network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0007] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a first indication via the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the first indication indicates whether to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0008] In some implementations, the first indication further indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0009] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit, via the transceiver to the second network node, congestion information for a data radio bearer (DRB) to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0010] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a second indication via the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the second indication indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0011] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a third indication via the transceiver from a second network node, wherein the third indication indicates whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted. In such implementations, the processor is configured to determine whether to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow based on the third indication as well as at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0012] In some implementations, the processor is configured to obtain at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by: determining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0013] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver from a UE, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header or a radio link control (RLC) header or Medium Access Control (MAC) header of a UL packet of the QoS flow, wherein the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header comprises a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of the QoS flow. In such implementations, the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the QFI.
[0014] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by at least one of the following: determining the measured UL rate based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; or determining the measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0015] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a fourth indication via the transceiver to a second network node, wherein the fourth indication indicates whether a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of the QoS flow is to be included in a PDCP header or an RLC header or an MAC header of a UL packet of the QoS flow.
[0016] Some implementations of a second network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: determine at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; and transmit, via the transceiver to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0017] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a first indication via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the first indication indicates whether to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In such implementations, the processor is configured to transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on determining that the first indication indicates to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0018] In some implementations, the first indication further indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In such implementations, the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on determining that the first indication indicates to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0019] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive, via the transceiver from the first network node, congestion information for a data radio bearer (DRB) to which the QoS flow is mapped, wherein the congestion information indicates whether to perform at least one of the following: determining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, or transmitting, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0020] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive a second indication via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the second indication indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In such implementations, the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on determining that the second indication indicates to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0021] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: transmit a third indication via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the third indication indicates whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted.
[0022] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by at least one of the following: determining the measured UL rate based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; or determining the measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0023] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the measured UL rate by: determining the measured UL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of UL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for receiving the UL data bursts for the QoS flow.
[0024] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the measured DL rate by: determining the measured DL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of DL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for transmitting the DL data bursts for the QoS flow.
[0025] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is a service data adaption protocol (SDAP) level volume.
[0026] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is an RLC level volume.
[0027] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is a MAC level volume.
[0028] Some implementations of a network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the network node to: determine a measured UL rate for a QoS flow based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; and / or determine a measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0029] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the measured UL rate by: determining the measured UL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of UL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for receiving the UL data bursts for the QoS flow.
[0030] In some implementations, the processor is configured to determine the measured DL rate by: determining the measured DL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of DL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for transmitting the DL data bursts for the QoS flow.
[0031] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is an SDAP level volume.
[0032] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is an RLC level volume.
[0033] In some implementations, at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is a MAC level volume.
[0034] Some implementations of a second network node described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the second network node to: receive, via the transceiver from a UE, capability of the UE for including a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; and transmit, via the transceiver to the UE, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header.
[0035] In some implementations, the processor is further configured to: receive the fourth indication via the transceiver from a first network node.
[0036] In some implementations, the processor is configured to transmit the fourth indication by: transmitting, via the transceiver to the UE, configuration information related to at least one QoS flow mapped to a data radio bearer (DRB) , wherein the configuration information indicates whether each of at least one QFI of the at least one QoS flow is to be included in a PDCP header or RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of a respective one of the at least one QoS flow.
[0037] Some implementations of a UE described herein may comprise: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the UE to: transmit, via the transceiver to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header; and based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header, transmit, via the transceiver to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header including the QFI.
[0038] In some implementations, the processor is configured to receive the fourth indication by: receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, configuration information related to at least one QoS flow mapped to a data radio bearer (DRB) , wherein the configuration information indicates whether each of at least one QFI of the at least one QoS flow is to be included in a PDCP header or RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of a respective one of the at least one QoS flow.
[0039] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: obtaining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; determining whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; and based on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmitting, to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0040] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; and transmitting, to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0041] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: determining a measured UL rate for a QoS flow based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; and / or determining a measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0042] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: receiving, from a UE, capability of the UE for including a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the UE, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header.
[0043] Some implementations of a method described herein may include: transmitting, to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; receiving, from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header; and based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header, transmitting, to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header including the QFI.
[0044] Some implementations of a processor described herein may include at least one memory and a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to: transmit, via the transceiver to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header or MAC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; receive, via the transceiver from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header; and based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header, transmit, via the transceiver to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header or MAC header including the QFI.
[0045] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0047] Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate an example of a wireless communications system that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively;
[0048] Fig. 3 illustrates an example architecture of a gNB in CU-DU split case in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0049] Figs. 4 to 10 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0050] Fig. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure;
[0051] Fig. 12 illustrates an example of a device that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure;
[0052] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a processor that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure; and
[0053] Figs. 14 to 17 illustrate a flowchart of a method that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, respectively.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described less than or equal to.
[0055] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0056] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0057] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0058] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0059] As described above, 3GPP has agreed to support rate control for UL to adapt a UL rate during congestion status for a UE. To support the rate control per QoS flow, a gNB needs to adapt the rate at QoS flow level based on current rate and radio congestion status.
[0060] An internal structure of the gNB may be split into two parts called gNB-CU and gNB-DU. The RRC, SDAP, PDCP layers are in the gNB-CU and the gNB-DU hosts the RLC, MAC and PHY layer functionality. Such an internal structure of the gNB is also referred to as CU-DU split architecture. The gNB-DU is the entity which can detect the radio congestion status since the radio scheduling is resided in gNB-DU. The gNB-CU is the entity which can measure rate for a QoS flow since only the gNB CU can identify QoS flow identifier (QFI) for data based on QFI field in SDAP header. Especially if multiple QoS flows are mapped to one DRB, the gNB-DU cannot measure rate per QoS flow. The gNB-DU could not well determine which QoS flow and the rate level to be adapted. Therefore, the rate indication to adapt the rate per QoS flow cannot be well supported in case of CU-DU split architecture. The same issue also exists in dual connection case.
[0061] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow. In this solution, a first network node obtains at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow. The first network node determines whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. If the first network node determines to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, the first network node transmits, to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow. With the solution, since the first network node can obtain at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow, the first network node can determine which QoS flow and the rate level to be adapted. Therefore, rate adaption for the QoS flow can be achieved.
[0062] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.
[0063] Fig. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one at least one of network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more terminal devices or UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0064] The network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station (BS) , a network element, a radio access network (RAN) node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface. The network entities 102 may be collectively referred to as network entities 102 or individually referred to as a network entity 102. Hereinafter, some implementations of the present disclosure will be described by taking a gNB as an example of the network entity 102. Thus, the network entity 102 may be used interchangeably with the gNB 102.
[0065] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0066] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0067] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in Fig. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in Fig. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0068] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0069] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0070] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0071] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0072] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0073] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0074] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0075] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) , Session Management functions (SMF) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0076] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0077] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0078] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0079] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0080] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0081] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (510 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0082] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0083] Fig. 2A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2A, the wireless communications system 200A may comprise the UE 104 in Fig. 1, a first network node 210 and a second network node 220 not shown in Fig. 1.
[0084] In some implementations, the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 may be collectively implemented as the network entity 102 in Fig. 1. In such implementations, the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 may be collectively implemented as a gNB. For example, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB-CU, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a gNB-DU. The gNB-CU and the gNB-DU may be connected via F1 interface. In such implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be a gNB-CU having a PDCP entity of a DRB, and the peer node may be a gNB-DU having RLC, MAC entities of the DRB and physical layer related function of the DRB.
[0085] In some implementations, the gNB-CU may be a logical node hosting RRC, SDAP and PDCP protocols of the gNB or RRC and PDCP protocols of the en-gNB that controls the operation of one or more gNB-DUs. The gNB-CU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-DU.
[0086] In some implementations, the gNB-DU may be a logical node hosting RLC, MAC and PHY protocols of the gNB or en-gNB, and its operation is partly controlled by gNB-CU. One gNB-DU supports one or multiple cells. One cell is supported by only one gNB-DU. The gNB-DU terminates the F1 interface connected with the gNB-CU.
[0087] Fig. 2B illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 200B that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2B, the wireless communications system 200B may comprise the UE 104 in Fig. 1, the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 not shown in Fig. 1.
[0088] In some implementations, each of the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as one of the following: a gNB, a base station, a network element, a RAN node, a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, or an eNB.
[0089] In some implementations, the UE 104 may be in dual connection (DC) with the first network node 210 and the second network node 220. In such implementations, the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity, and the first network node 210 may be implemented as a node interacting with the node hosting PDCP entity. In such implementations, the node interacting with the node hosting PDCP entity is also referred to as a corresponding node or a peer node.
[0090] In some implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an MN, and the peer node may be an SN. For example, for master node (MN) terminated bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is MN and the corresponding node is a secondary node (SN) .
[0091] Alternatively, in some implementations, the node hosting PDCP entity may be an SN and the peer node may be an MN. For example, for SN terminated bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity is SN and the corresponding node is MN.
[0092] In some implementations, in DC case, for DRB split bearer or duplication bearer, the node hosting PDCP entity acts as the gNB-CU, the corresponding node acts as the gNB-DU.
[0093] Fig. 3 illustrates an example architecture 300 of a gNB 102 in CU-DU split case in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The example architecture 300 may be considered as an example implementation of the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A. In the example architecture 300, an internal structure of the gNB 102 is split into two parts called gNB-CU and gNB-DU. The first network node 210 may be implemented as a gNB-CU, and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a gNB-DU. The gNB-CU and the gNB-DU are connected by an interface called F1. The RRC, SDAP, PDCP layers are in the gNB-CU and the gNB-DU hosts the RLC, MAC and PHY layer functionality.
[0094] Fig. 4 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 400 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 400 may involve the first network node 210 and the UE 104 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 400 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0095] Generally, in the process 400, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0096] As shown in Fig. 4, the first network node 210 obtains 410 at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow.
[0097] In the present disclosure, the term “rate” may be used interchangeably with the term “data rate” , “transmission rate” , “bit rate” or “throughput” .
[0098] The first network node 210 determines 420 whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0099] In the present disclosure, the term “adapt” may be used interchangeably with the term “control” or “adjust” or “recommend” .
[0100] If the first network node 210 determines to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, the first network node 210 transmits 430, to the UE 104, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0101] In some implementations, the first network node 210 is responsible for radio scheduling of the UE 104. Thus, the first network node 210 can detect UL congestion status and DL congestion status for a DRB. Therefore, the first network node 210 may determine the reduced or increased UL rate based on the measured UL rate and the UL congestion status. Similarly, the first network node 210 may determine the reduced or increased DL rate based on the measured DL rate and the DL congestion status.
[0102] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit at least one of the reduced or increased UL rate and the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow in a medium access control control element (MAC CE) . The MAC CE is also referred to as a rate control MAC CE.
[0103] In some implementations, upon receiving the reduced or increased UL rate for the QoS flow, the UE 104 may determine an adapted UL rate for the QoS flow based on the reduced or increased UL rate for the QoS flow. For example, the UE 104 may forward the reduced or increased UL rate for the QoS flow to upper layer of the UE 104, and the upper layer may determine the adapted UL rate for the QoS flow.
[0104] In some implementations, upon receiving the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow, the UE 104 may forward the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow to the application server 118. The application server 118 may determine the adapted DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0105] With the process 400, since the first network node 220 can obtain at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, the first network node 210 can determine which QoS flow and the rate level to be adapted. Therefore, rate adaption for the QoS flow can be achieved.
[0106] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine whether to adapt the UL rate for the QoS flow based on change of the measured UL rate. For example, at time T1, the first network node 210 may obtain a first UL rate for the QoS flow. For example, if the first UL rate for the QoS flow is below a first threshold, the first network node 210 may determine to adapt the UL rate for the QoS flow. At time T2, the first network node 210 may obtain a second UL rate for the QoS flow. If a difference between the first UL rate for the QoS flow and the second UL rate for the QoS flow is below a second threshold, the first network node 210 may determine not to adapt the UL rate for the QoS flow. If the difference between the first UL rate for the QoS flow and the second UL rate for the QoS flow is above the second threshold, the first network node 210 may determine to adapt the UL rate for the QoS flow again.
[0107] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine whether to adapt the UL rate for the QoS flow based on implementations of the first network node 210. The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0108] Hereinafter, some implementations of obtaining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow will be described.
[0109] Fig. 5 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 500 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. Specifically, the process 500 may be considered as an example implementation of the action 410 in the process 400. The process 500 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 500 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0110] Generally, in the process 500, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0111] As shown in Fig. 5, in order to assist the first network node 210 in rate adaption for a QoS flow, the second network node 220 may transmit 510, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0112] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow in an F1 message.
[0113] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow in an F1 message based on F1 control plane protocol.
[0114] In some implementations, the F1 message may comprise at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, a QFI of the QoS flow.
[0115] For example, the F1 message may comprise at least one of the following IEs in Table 1: Table 1
[0116] As shown in Table 1, the F1 message may comprise a QoS flow Measurement Result IE. The QoS flow Measurement Result IE may comprise a QoS flow Measurement Result Item IE, a QoS flow ID IE comprising a QFI of a QoS flow, a UL rate IE and a DL rate IE. The UL rate IE comprising a measured UL rate for the QoS flow indicated by the QoS flow ID IE. The DL rate IE comprising a measured DL rate for the QoS flow indicated by the QoS flow ID IE.
[0117] In some implementations, the F1 message may be a legacy or new F1 message (e.g., a rate STATUS UPDATE message) .
[0118] In some implementations, the F1 message may comprise at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, a QFI of the QoS flow and an ID of a DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0119] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a first indication to the second network node 220. The first indication indicates whether to transmit or report, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. If the first indication indicates to transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In this way, unnecessary reporting of measured rate for QoS flow may be avoided.
[0120] In some implementations, the first indication may indicate to start to transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0121] In some implementations, the first indication may indicate to start to transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow periodically.
[0122] In some implementations, the first indication may indicate to stop transmitting at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0123] In some implementations, if the difference between the measured UL rates for the QoS flow is high than a threshold, the second network node 220 may transmit the measured UL rate for the QoS flow to the first network node 210.
[0124] In some implementations, if the difference between the measured DL rates for the QoS flow is high than a threshold, the second network node 220 may transmit the measured DL rate for the QoS flow to the second network node.
[0125] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a report request message to the second network node 220. The report request message may comprise the first indication. This will be described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0126] Fig. 6 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 600 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. Specifically, the process 600 may be considered as an example implementation of the action 410 in the process 400. The process 600 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0127] Generally, in the process 600, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0128] As shown in Fig. 6, the first network node 210 transmits 610 a report request message to the second network node 220.
[0129] In some implementations, the report request message may comprise at least one of the following IEs in Table 2. Table 2
[0130] As shown in Table 2, the report request message may comprise a request type IE indicating a request type for which the measured rate is required. A value of the request type IE may be one of the following: periodic, start, stop or on-demand.
[0131] In some implementations, the “periodic” type may be used to request the second network node 220 to start reporting of measured rate for a QoS flow based on the periodicity indicated by a “Reporting Periodicity” IE. The second network node 220 reports 620 the measured rate for a QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “periodic” type. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may use “start” as a value of the request type IE. The second network node 220 reports 620 the measured rate for the QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “start” type.
[0132] In some implementations, the “stop” type may be used to request the second network node 220 to stop reporting of measured rate for a QoS flow. The second network node 220 stops reporting of the measured rate for a QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “stop” type.
[0133] In some implementations, the “on-demand” type may be used to request the second network node 220 to report measured rate for a QoS flow once. The second network node 220 reports 620 the measured rate for the QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “on-demand” type.
[0134] In some implementations, the report request message may comprise a “QoS flow identifier list” IE. The QoS flow identifier list IE comprises a QoS flow identifier list to which report request message applies. The QoS flow identifier list may comprise one or more QoS flow identifiers. The second network node 220 may report at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow indicated by each of the one or more QoS flow identifiers. Alternatively, in some implementations, the report request message may comprise a “DRB identifier list” IE. The DRB identifier list IE comprises a DRB identifier list to which report request message applies. The second network node 220 may report at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for at least one of the QoS flows mapped to the indicated DRB indicated by each of the one of more DRB identifiers.
[0135] In some implementations, optionally, the report request message may also comprise an ID of a DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0136] In some implementations, the report request message may further comprise a “direction” IE indicating whether a measured UL rate for a QoS flow, a measured DL rate for the QoS flow or both of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow are to be reported. The second network node 220 may report at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the “direction” IE.
[0137] In some implementations, the report request message may further comprise a “Reporting Periodicity” IE. The second network node 220 reports at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the periodicity in the “Reporting Periodicity” IE.
[0138] In some implementations, optionally, upon receiving the report request message, the second network node 220 may transmit a report response message to confirm reporting of the measured rate for the QoS flow.
[0139] In some implementations, the report request message may be an F1 message. For example, the report request message may be a rate report REQUEST message.
[0140] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the second network node 220, congestion information for a DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0141] In some implementations, the congestion information may comprise a percentage of a congestion level for the DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0142] In some implementations, the congestion information may comprise UL congestion information. The UL congestion information may comprise a percentage of a congestion level in UL for the DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped. In some implementations, the UL congestion information may comprise a percentage of congestion level in UL up to two decimal points for the DRB. For example, the UL congestion information may comprise a value “9574” which corresponds to a percentage of 95.74%.
[0143] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may determine whether to transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the congestion information.
[0144] In some implementations, if the congestion information indicates a high congestion level or if the difference between the received congestion information is high than a threshold, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a report periodicity. The report periodicity may be indicated by the first network node 210. For example, if the percentage of the congestion level in UL is equal to or greater than a third threshold, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a report periodicity.
[0145] In some implementations, if the congestion information indicates a low congestion level or if the difference between the received congestion information is lower than a threshold, the second network node 220 may not transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. For example, if the percentage of the congestion level in UL is less than the third threshold, the second network node 220 may not transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0146] In some implementations, if the congestion information indicates a low congestion level, the second network node 220 may stop transmitting, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a report periodicity. For example, if the percentage of the congestion level in UL is less than the third threshold, the second network node 220 may stop transmitting, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a report periodicity.
[0147] In some implementations, the congestion information may indicate whether to transmit or report at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. If the congestion information indicates to transmit or report at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, the second network node 220 may transmit or report, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0148] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a second indication to the second network node 220. The second indication may indicate whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In other words, the second indication may indicate whether to trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0149] In some implementations, the second indication may indicate to start rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0150] In some implementations, the second indication may indicate to start rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow periodically.
[0151] In some implementations, the second indication may indicate to stop rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to stop determining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0152] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit a measurement request message to the second network node 220. The measurement request message may comprise the second indication. This will be described with reference to Fig. 7.
[0153] Fig. 7 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 700 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 700 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. The process 700 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0154] Generally, in the process 700, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0155] As shown in Fig. 7, the first network node 210 transmits 710 a measurement request message to the second network node 220.
[0156] In some implementations, the measurement request message may comprise at least one of the following IEs in Table 3. Table 3
[0157] As shown in Table 3, the measurement request message may comprise a request type IE indicating a request type for which the measured rate is required. A value of the request type IE may be one of the following: start or stop.
[0158] In some implementations, the “start” type may be used to request the second network node 220 to start rate measurement for the QoS flow based on the periodicity indicated by a “Measurement Periodicity” IE. The second network node 220 starts rate measurement for the QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “start” type.
[0159] In some implementations, the “stop” type may be used to request the second network node 220 to stop rate measurement for the QoS flow. The second network node 220 stops rate measurement for the QoS flow if the second network node 220 receives the “stop” type.
[0160] In some implementations, the measurement request message may comprise a “QoS flow identifier list” IE. The QoS flow identifier list IE comprises a QoS flow identifier list to which measurement request message applies. The QoS flow identifier list may comprise one or more QoS flow identifiers. The second network node 220 may start or stop rate measurement for the QoS flow indicated by each of the one or more QoS flow identifiers.
[0161] In some implementations, optionally, the measurement request message may also comprise an ID of a DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0162] In some implementations, the measurement request message may further comprise a “direction” IE indicating whether a UL rate measurement for a QoS flow, a DL rate measurement for the QoS flow or both of the UL rate measurement and the DL rate measurement for the QoS flow are to be started or stopped. The second network node 220 may start or stop at least one of the UL rate measurement and the DL rate measurement for the QoS flow based on the “direction” IE.
[0163] In some implementations, the measurement request message may further comprise a “Measurement Periodicity” IE. The second network node 220 may start or stop at least one of the UL rate measurement and the DL rate measurement for the QoS flow based on the periodicity in the “Measurement Periodicity” IE.
[0164] In some implementations, optionally, upon receiving the measurement request message, the second network node 220 may transmit a measurement response message to confirm rate measurement for the QoS flow.
[0165] In some implementations, the measurement request message may be an F1 message. For example, the measurement request message may be a rate measurement request message.
[0166] As described above, in some implementations, the first indication may indicate whether to transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0167] In some implementations, the first indication may further indicate whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In such implementations, the first indication may indicate whether to trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow and whether to transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0168] In some implementations, if the first indication indicates to transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, the second network node 220 may trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow based on the first indication if the second network node 220 has not started the rate measurement.
[0169] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow due to other motivation.
[0170] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow based on the congestion information for the DRB received from the first network node 210.
[0171] In some implementations, if the congestion information indicates a high congestion level or if the difference between the received congestion information is high than a threshold, the second network node 220 may start rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a measurement periodicity. The measurement periodicity may be indicated by the first network node 210. For example, if the percentage of the congestion level in UL is equal to or greater than a third threshold, the second network node 220 may start rate measurement for the QoS flow so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow once or based on a measurement periodicity.
[0172] In some implementations, if the congestion information indicates a low congestion level or if the difference between the received congestion information is lower than a threshold, the second network node 220 may stop rate measurement for the QoS flow. For example, if the percentage of the congestion level in UL is less than the third threshold, the second network node 220 may stop rate measurement for the QoS flow.
[0173] In some implementations, the congestion information for the DRB received from the first network node 210 may further indicate whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. In such implementations, the congestion information for the DRB may indicate whether to trigger rate measurement for the QoS flow and whether to transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0174] Fig. 8 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 800 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 800 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. The process 800 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 800 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0175] Generally, in the process 800, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0176] As shown in Fig. 8, the second network node 220 may transmit 810 a third indication to the first network node 210. The third indication may indicate whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted. Thus, the third indication is also referred to as a rate adapted indication for a QoS flow.
[0177] Alternatively, in some implementations, the third indication may indicate whether the first network node 210 can transmit a rate control MAC CE for the QoS flow to the UE 104.
[0178] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may receive configuration information from the core network 106 or the UE 104. The configuration information may indicate which QoS flow mapped to a DRB can be adapted. In some implementations, the configuration information may comprise the third indication.
[0179] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine whether to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow based on the third indication as well as at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0180] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit the rate adapted indication for a QoS flow in an F1 message. For example, the F1 message may be a UE CONTEXT SETUP REQUEST message.
[0181] In some implementations, the F1 message may comprise at least one of the following IEs in Table 4. Table 4
[0182] As shown in Table 4, the F1 message may comprise a “QoS flow To control rate list” IE. The “QoS flow To control rate list” IE comprises a QoS flow identifier list to which the message applies. The QoS flow identifier list may comprise one or more QoS flow identifiers.
[0183] In some implementations, optionally, the measurement request message may also comprise an ID of a DRB to which the QoS flow is mapped.
[0184] In some implementations, the measurement request message may further comprise a “direction” IE indicating whether a UL rate for a QoS flow, a DL rate for the QoS flow or both of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted. The first network node 210 may adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow based on the “direction” IE.
[0185] In some implementations, the measurement request message may further comprise the rate adapted indication for a QoS flow. The rate adapted indication may indicate whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow indicated by the QoS flow identifier can be adapted.
[0186] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit the first indication in a frame. The first indication may indicate whether to transmit or report, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. This will be described with reference to Fig. 9.
[0187] Fig. 9 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 900 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 900 may be considered as an example implementation of the process 400. Specifically, the process 900 may be considered as an example implementation of the action 410 in the process 400. The process 900 may involve the first network node 210 and the second network node 220 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 900 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0188] Generally, in the process 900, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0189] As shown in Fig. 9, the first network node 210 transmits 910 a frame via user plane protocol to the second network node 220.
[0190] In some implementations, the user plane protocol is used to convey control information related to the user data flow management of data radio bearers. Each user plane protocol instance is associated to one data radio bearer only. There is one NR user plane instance per General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol (GTP) tunnel. When a GTP tunnel is set up, a new NR user plane instance is set up. If configured, NR user plane protocol instances exist at the Master node and the Secondary node in the context of DC or at nodes hosting F1-U protocol terminations. User plane protocol data is conveyed by General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) Tunnel Protocol-User Plane (GTP-U) protocol means, more specifically, by means of the "NR RAN Container" GTP-U extension header as defined in TS 29.281.
[0191] In some implementations, the frame may comprise the first indication. The first indication may indicate whether to transmit or report, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0192] In some implementations, the first indication may comprise a Rate Information Report Flag (RIRF) . The RIRF indicates whether to transmit RATE INFORMATION DATA to the first network node 210. For example, the RIRF set to “1” may indicate to transmit RATE INFORMATION DATA to the first network node 210, and the RIRF set to “0” may indicate not to transmit RATE INFORMATION DATA to the first network node 210.
[0193] In some implementations, the RATE INFORMATION DATA may comprise at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0194] In some implementations, the frame may also comprise a QFI of the QoS flow for which at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate is to be transmitted or reported to the first network node 210.
[0195] In some implementations, upon receiving the frame comprising the RIRF and the QFI, the second network node 220 transmits 920, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0196] Alternatively, upon receiving the frame which comprises the RIRF and does not comprise a QFI of the QoS flow for which at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate is to be transmitted or reported to the first network node 210, the second network node 220 transmits 920, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for at least one or more QoS flows mapped to the DRB corresponding to the frame.
[0197] In some implementations, the frame may comprise a DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame. Table 5 gives an example format of the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame. Table 5
[0198] As shown in Table 5, the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame may comprise a “PDU Type” field. The PDU Type indicates the structure of the frame. The field takes the value of the PDU Type it identifies; e.g. "0" for PDU Type 0. The PDU type is in bit 4 to bit 7 in the first octet of the frame.
[0199] A value range of the PDU Type may be as below: {0=DL USER DATA, 1=DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS, 2= ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA, 3-15=reserved for future PDU type extensions} .
[0200] The DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame may also comprise the RIRF.
[0201] Optionally, the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame may also comprise a “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field which indicates the number of QoS flows for which at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate is to be reported.
[0202] For example, as shown in Fig. 3, a QoS flow #1 and a QoS flow #2 are mapped to a DRB. The “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” may be equal to 1, and a QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “QoS Flow Identifier” field. Upon receiving the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow #1.
[0203] For another example, the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” may be equal to 2, the QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a QFI #2 of the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “QoS Flow Identifier” field. Upon receiving the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of the QoS flow #1 and the QoS flow #2.
[0204] Alternatively, in some implementations, the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame may not comprise the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field and the “QoS Flow Identifier” field. In such implementations, upon receiving the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of QoS flows mapped to the DRB. For example, in the example of Fig. 3, upon receiving the DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of the QoS flow #1 and the QoS flow #2.
[0205] In some implementations, the RIRF may also indicate presence of the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field and the “QoS Flow Identifier” field.
[0206] The DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS frame may also comprise a spare field. The spare field is set to "0" by the sender and should not be interpreted by the receiver. This field is reserved for later versions.
[0207] Alternatively, in some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit an ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame to the second network node 220. The ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may comprise the RIRF and a QFI of the QoS flow for which at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate is to be transmitted or reported to the first network node 210. Table 6 gives an example format of the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame. Table 6
[0208] As shown in Table 6, the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may comprise a “PDU Type” field. The description of the “PDU Type” field in Table 6 is the same as that in Table 5.
[0209] The ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise the RIRF.
[0210] Optionally, the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field which indicates the number of QoS flows for which at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate is to be reported.
[0211] For example, as shown in Fig. 3, a QoS flow #1 and a QoS flow #2 are mapped to a DRB. The “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” may be equal to 1, and a QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “QoS Flow Identifier” field. Upon receiving the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow #1.
[0212] For another example, the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” may be equal to 2, the QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a QFI #2 of the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “QoS Flow Identifier” field. Upon receiving the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of the QoS flow #1 and the QoS flow #2.
[0213] Alternatively, in some implementations, the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may not comprise the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field and the “QoS Flow Identifier” field. In such implementations, upon receiving the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of QoS flows mapped to the DRB. For example, in the example of Fig. 3, upon receiving the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for each of the QoS flow #1 and the QoS flow #2.
[0214] In some implementations, the RIRF may also indicate presence of the “Number of QoS flows requested for rate report” field and the “QoS Flow Identifier” field.
[0215] The ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a spare field.
[0216] The ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a UL Congestion Information Indicator (Ind. ) . This parameter indicates the presence of UL Congestion Information. Value range of this parameter may be as below: {0= UL Congestion Information not present, 1= UL Congestion Information present} .
[0217] The ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a DL Congestion Information Indicator (Ind. ) . This parameter indicates the presence of DL Congestion Information. Value range of this parameter may be as below: {0= DL Congestion Information not present, 1= DL Congestion Information present} .
[0218] In some implementations, if the RIRF is set to “1” or UL Congestion Information is present in the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit the measured UL rate for the QoS flow to the first network node 210.
[0219] In some implementations, if the RIRF is set to “1” or DL Congestion Information is present in the ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA frame, the second network node 220 may transmit the measured DL rate for the QoS flow to the first network node 210.
[0220] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on F1 user plane protocol. In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit, to the first network node 210, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow in a frame.
[0221] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit a RATE INFORMATION DATA frame to the first network node 210. The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may comprise at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0222] Table 7 gives an example format of the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame. Table 7
[0223] As shown in Table 7, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may comprise a “PDU Type” field. The PDU Type indicates the structure of the frame. The field takes the value of the PDU Type it identifies; e.g. "0" for PDU Type 0. The PDU type is in bit 4 to bit 7 in the first octet of the frame.
[0224] A value range of the PDU Type may be as below: {0=DL USER DATA, 1=DL DATA DELIVERY STATUS, 2= ASSISTANCE INFORMATION DATA, 3= measured UL rate for a QoS flow, 4-15=reserved for future PDU type extensions} .
[0225] The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a Measurement Rate Packet (MRP) field which indicates that the transferred packet is used for providing measured rate for a QoS flow. This parameter also indicates the presence of the QoS flow Rate Report in the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame.
[0226] In some implementation, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a UL Measurement Rate Packet (MRP) field which indicates that the transferred packet is used for providing uplink measured rate for a QoS flow. This parameter also indicates the presence of the QoS flow uplink Rate Report in the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame.
[0227] In some implementation, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a DL Measurement Rate Packet (MRP) field which indicates that the transferred packet is used for providing downlink measured rate for a QoS flow. This parameter also indicates the presence of the QoS flow downlink Rate Report in the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame.
[0228] The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a QoS Flow Identifier (QFI) field which indicates the QoS Flow Identifier of the QoS flow to which the transferred packet belongs.
[0229] The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” field which indicates the number of QoS flows for which the measured UL rate is to be reported.
[0230] The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured UL rate” field which indicates a measured UL rate for a QoS flow indicated by the QoS Flow Identifier field. Alternatively, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise one or more “Measured UL rate” field which indicates a measured UL rate in order of one or more requested QoS flows or in order of one or more QoS flows mapped to the DRB corresponding to the frame. In this alternative implementation, QFI field is not present.
[0231] The RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate for a QoS flow indicated by the QoS Flow Identifier field. Alternatively, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise one or more “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate in order of one or more requested QoS flows or in order of one or more QoS flows mapped to the DRB corresponding to the frame. In this alternative implementation, QFI field is not present.
[0232] For example, as shown in Fig. 3, a QoS flow #1 and a QoS flow #2 are mapped to a DRB. The “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” may be equal to 1, a QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “Measured UL rate” field.
[0233] For another example, the “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” may be equal to 2, the QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “Measured UL rate” field. In addition, a QFI #2 of the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “QoS Flow Identifier” field and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “Measured UL rate” field.
[0234] In some implementations, although it is not shown in Table 7, the RATE INFORMATION DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate for a QoS flow indicated by a respective QoS Flow Identifier field.
[0235] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit an extended DL USER DATA frame to the first network node 210. The extended DL USER DATA frame may comprise at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0236] Table 8 gives an example format of the extended DL USER DATA frame. Table 8
[0237] As shown in Table 8, the DL USER DATA frame may comprise a “PDU Type” field. The PDU Type indicates the structure of the frame. In this example, a value of the PDU Type is equal to 0.
[0238] The DL USER DATA frame may also comprise an MRP field which indicates that the transferred packet is used for providing measured rate for a QoS flow. This parameter also indicates the presence of the QoS flow Rate Report in the DL USER DATA frame.
[0239] The DL USER DATA frame may also comprise a QoS Flow Identifier field which indicates the QoS Flow Identifier of the QoS flow to which the transferred packet belongs.
[0240] The DL USER DATA frame may also comprise a “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” field which indicates the number of QoS flows for which the measured UL rate is to be reported.
[0241] The DL USER DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured UL rate” field which indicates a measured UL rate for a QoS flow indicated by the QoS Flow Identifier field. Alternative, the frame may also comprise one or more “Measured UL rate” field which indicates a measured UL rate in order of one or more requested QoS flows or in order of one or more QoS flows mapped to the DRB corresponding to the frame. In this alternative, QFI field is not present.
[0242] The DL USER DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate for a QoS flow indicated by the QoS Flow Identifier field. Alternative, the frame may also comprise one or more “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate in order of one or more requested QoS flows or in order of one or more QoS flows mapped to the DRB corresponding to the frame. In this alternative, QFI field is not present.
[0243] For example, as shown in Fig. 3, a QoS flow #1 and a QoS flow #2 are mapped to a DRB. The “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” may be equal to 1, a QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #1 may be included in a “Measured UL rate” field.
[0244] For another example, the “Number of QoS flows reported for rate” may be equal to 2, the QFI #1 of the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “QoS Flow Identifier” field, and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #1 may be included in the “Measured UL rate” field. In addition, a QFI #2 of the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “QoS Flow Identifier” field and a measured UL rate for the QoS flow #2 may be included in a further “Measured UL rate” field.
[0245] In some implementations, although it is not shown in Table 8, the DL USER DATA frame may also comprise a “Measured DL rate” field which indicates a measured DL rate for a QoS flow indicated by a respective QoS Flow Identifier field.
[0246] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may perform rate measurement to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by itself.
[0247] In some implementations, in order to assist the first network node 210 in rate measurement, the UE 104 may include a QFI in a PDCP header or RLC header of a UL packet of a QoS flow. This will be described with reference to Fig. 10.
[0248] Fig. 10 illustrates a signaling diagram illustrating an example process 1000 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The process 1000 may involve the first network node 210, the second network node 220 and the UE 104 in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3. For the purpose of discussion, the process 1000 will be described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0249] Generally, in the process 1000, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a DU of the gNB 102 and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a CU of the gNB 102. Alternatively, the first network node 210 may be implemented as a corresponding node and the second network node 220 may be implemented as a node hosting PDCP entity.
[0250] As shown in Fig. 10, the UE 104 transmits 1010, to the second network node 220, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header or an MAC header of a UL packet of a QoS flow.
[0251] The second network node 220 transmits 1020, to the UE 104, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header.
[0252] If the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header, the UE 104 transmits 1030, to the first network node 210, the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header including the QFI.
[0253] Upon receiving the PDCP header or the RLC header or the MAC header including the QFI, the first network node 210 performs rate measurement based on the QFI so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the QFI.
[0254] In some implementations, the first network node 210 is responsible for radio scheduling of the UE 104. Thus, the first network node 210 can detect UL congestion status and DL congestion status. Therefore, the first network node 210 may determine the reduced or increased UL rate based on the measured UL rate and the UL congestion status. Similarly, the first network node 210 may determine the reduced or increased DL rate based on the measured DL rate and the DL congestion status.
[0255] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit at least one of the reduced or increased UL rate and the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow in a rate control MAC CE.
[0256] In some implementations, upon receiving the reduced or increased UL rate for the QoS flow, the UE 104 may determine an adapted UL rate for the QoS flow based on the reduced or increased UL rate for the QoS flow. For example, the UE 104 may forward the reduced UL rate for the QoS flow to upper layer of the UE 104, and the upper layer may determine the adapted UL rate for the QoS flow.
[0257] In some implementations, upon receiving the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow, the UE 104 may forward the reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow to the application server 118. The application server 118 may determine the adapted DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0258] With the process 1000, since the first network node 210 can perform rate measurement based on the QFI so as to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the QFI, the first network node 210 can determine which QoS flow and the rate level to be adapted. Therefore, rate adaption for the QoS flow can be achieved.
[0259] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit the fourth indication to the second network node 220. For example, upon receiving the fourth indication from the first network node 210, the second network node 220 may transmit the fourth indication to the UE 104. Alternatively, in some implementations, the second network node 210 may determine a fourth indication and transmit the fourth indication to the first network node 220.
[0260] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit configuration information related to at least one QoS flow mapped to a DRB. The configuration information may indicate whether at least one QFI of the at least one QoS flow is to be included in a PDCP header or RLC header or MAC header of a UL packet of a respective one of the at least one QoS flow.
[0261] For example, the configuration information may comprise the following IEs: >QFI =1 >> included in PDCP header: True >QFI =2 >> included in PDCP header: False
[0262] For example, the configuration information may comprise the following IEs: > QFI=1 >> included in RLC header: False >QFI=2 >> included in RLC header: True
[0263] In some implementations, the second network node 220 may transmit the configuration information related to at least one QoS flow mapped to the DRB in an RRC message.
[0264] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may transmit, to the second network node 220, the configuration information related to at least one QoS flow mapped to the DRB. Upon receiving the configuration information, the second network node 220 may transmit the configuration information to the UE 104.
[0265] Fig. 11 illustrate a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In some implementations, the method 1100 can be implemented at the network node 102 in Fig. 1, such as the first network node 210 or the second network node 22 as shown in Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0266] At 1100, the network node 102 determines a measured UL rate for a QoS flow based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst.
[0267] Alternatively or additionally, at 1100, the network node 102 determines a measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0268] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may perform rate measurement to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for a QoS flow. The rate measurement may be intended for data bursts that are large enough to require transmissions to be split across multiple slots. The data volume may refer to the total volume scheduled for a QoS flow of a DRB.
[0269] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine the measured UL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of UL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for receiving the UL data bursts for the QoS flow. For example, if ∑ThpTimeUl>0, the first network node 210 may determine the measured UL rate based on the following: where ∑ThpVolUl represents the sum of data volumes of UL data bursts for the QoS flow, ∑ThpTimeUl represents the sum of time durations for receiving the UL data bursts for the QoS flow, and ThpTimeUl=T1-T2 (ms) . For example, Table 9 gives parameter description for the measured UL rate determined based on an equation (1) as described above. Table 9
[0270] In some implementations, the first network node 210 may determine the measured DL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of DL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for transmitting the DL data bursts for the QoS flow. For example, if ∑ThpTimeDl>0, the first network node 210 may determine the measured DL rate based on the following: where ∑ThpVolDl represents the sum of data volumes of DL data bursts for the QoS flow, and ∑ThpTimeDl represents the sum of time durations for transmitting the DL data bursts for the QoS flow, and ThpTimeDl=T1-T2 (ms) . For example, Table 10 gives parameter description for the measured DL rate determined based on an equation (2) as described above. Table 10
[0271] Fig. 12 illustrates an example of a device 1200 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 1200 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein. The device 1200 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof. The device 1200 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 1202, a memory 1204, a transceiver 1206, and, optionally, an I / O controller 1208. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0272] The processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0273] In some implementations, the processor 1202, the memory 1204, the transceiver 1206, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 1202 and the memory 1204 coupled with the processor 1202 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 1202, instructions stored in the memory 1204) .
[0274] For example, the processor 1202 may support wireless communication at the device 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: obtaining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; determining whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; and based on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmitting, to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0275] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; and transmitting, to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0276] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining a measured UL rate for a QoS flow based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; and / or determining a measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0277] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a UE, capability of the UE for including a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the UE, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header.
[0278] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; receiving, from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header; and based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header, transmitting, to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header including the QFI.
[0279] The processor 1202 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 1202 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 1202. The processor 1202 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 1204) to cause the device 1200 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0280] The memory 1204 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 1204 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1202 cause the device 1200 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 1202 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 1204 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0281] The I / O controller 1208 may manage input and output signals for the device 1200. The I / O controller 1208 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 1208 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 1206. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 1200 via the I / O controller 1208 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 1208.
[0282] In some implementations, the device 1200 may include a single antenna 1210. However, in some other implementations, the device 1200 may have more than one antenna 1210 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 1206 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 1210, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 1206 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 1206 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 1210 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 1210. The transceiver 1206 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0283] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 1210 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0284] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 1210 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0285] Fig. 13 illustrates an example of a processor 1300 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 1300 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may include a controller 1302 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 1300 may optionally include at least one memory 1304, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1300 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1306. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0286] The processor 1300 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0287] The controller 1302 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 1302 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1300, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1300. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0288] The controller 1302 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1304 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 1302 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1304. The controller 1302 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 1302 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1300 to cause the processor 1300 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 1302 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1300. The controller 1302 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1300.
[0289] The memory 1304 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1300 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1304 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1300) . In some other implementations, the memory 1304 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1300) .
[0290] The memory 1304 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1300, cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 1302 and / or the processor 1300 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1304 to cause the processor 1300 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 1300 and / or the controller 1302 may be coupled with or to the memory 1304, the processor 1300, the controller 1302, and the memory 1304 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 1300 may include multiple processors and the memory 1304 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0291] The one or more ALUs 1306 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 1306 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1300) . One or more ALUs 1306 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 1306 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 1306 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1306 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1306 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0292] The processor 1300 may support wireless communication at the device 1200 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 1300 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: obtaining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; determining whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; and based on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmitting, to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0293] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1300 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow; and transmitting, to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
[0294] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1300 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: determining a measured UL rate for a QoS flow based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; and / or determining a measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.
[0295] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1300 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: receiving, from a UE, capability of the UE for including a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; and transmitting, to the UE, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header.
[0296] Alternatively, in some implementations, the processor 1300 may be configured to operable to support a means for performing the following: transmitting, to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow; receiving, from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header; and based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header, transmitting, to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header including the QFI.
[0297] Fig. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1400 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1400 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1400 may be performed by the first network node 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0298] At 1410, the method may include obtaining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow. The operations of 1410 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1410 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0299] At 1420, the method may include determining whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. The operations of 1420 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1420 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0300] At 1430, the method may include based on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmitting, to a UE, at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow. The operations of 1430 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1430 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0301] Fig. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1500 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1500 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1500 may be performed by the second network node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0302] At 1510, the method may include determining at least one of a measured UL rate and a measured DL rate for a QoS flow. The operations of 1510 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1510 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0303] At 1520, the method may include transmitting, to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow. The operations of 1520 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1520 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0304] Fig. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1600 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1600 may be performed by the second network node 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0305] At 1610, the method may include receiving, from a UE, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow. The operations of 1610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0306] At 1620, the method may include transmitting, to the UE, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header. The operations of 1620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0307] Fig. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1700 that supports rate adaptation for a QoS flow in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1700 may be performed by the UE 104 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0308] At 1710, the method may include transmitting, to a second network node, capability of the UE for including a QFI of a QoS flow in a PDCP header or an RLC header of an uplink packet of the QoS flow. The operations of 1710 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0309] At 1720, the method may include receiving, from the second network node, a fourth indication indicating whether the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header. The operations of 1720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0310] At 1730, the method may include based on determining that the fourth indication indicates the QFI is to be included in the PDCP header or the RLC header, transmitting, to a first network node, the PDCP header or the RLC header including the QFI. The operations of 1730 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1730 may be performed by a device as described with reference to Fig. 2A, 2B or 3.
[0311] It shall be noted that implementations of the present disclosure which have been described with reference to Figs. 1 to 11 are also applicable to the device 1200, the processor 1300 as well as the methods 1400, 1500, 1600 and 1700.
[0312] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0313] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0314] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0315] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0316] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0317] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:obtain at least one of a measured uplink (UL) rate and a measured downlink (DL) rate for a Quality of Service (QoS) flow;determine whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; andbased on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmit, via the transceiver to a user equipment (UE) , at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.2.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to obtain at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by:receiving, via the transceiver from a second network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.3.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a first indicationvia the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the first indication indicates whether to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.4.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to the second network node, congestion information for a data radio bearer (DRB) to which the QoS flow is mapped.5.The first network node of claim 2, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a second indication via the transceiver to the second network node, wherein the second indication indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.6.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a third indication via the transceiver from a second network node, wherein the third indication indicates whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted; andwherein the processor is configured to determine whether to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow based on the third indication as well as at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.7.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to obtain at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by:determining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.8.The first network node of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a user equipment (UE) , a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header or a radio link control (RLC) header of a UL packet of the QoS flow, wherein the PDCP header or the RLC header comprises a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of the QoS flow; andwherein the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on the QFI.9.The first network node of claim 7, wherein the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by at least one of the following:determining the measured UL rate based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; ordetermining the measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.10.The first network node of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a fourth indication via the transceiver to a second network node, wherein the fourth indication indicates whether a QoS flow identifier (QFI) of the QoS flow is to be included in a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) header or a radio link control (RLC) header of a UL packet of the QoS flow.11.A second network node, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:determine at least one of a measured uplink (UL) rate and a measured downlink (DL) rate for a Quality of Service (QoS) flow; andtransmit, via the transceiver to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.12.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive a first indication via the transceiver from the first network node, wherein the first indication indicates whether to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; andwherein the processor is configured to transmit at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on determining that the first indication indicates to transmit, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.13.The second network node of claim 12, wherein the first indication further indicates whether to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; andwherein the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow based on determining that the first indication indicates to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.14.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the first network node, congestion information for a data radio bearer (DRB) to which the QoS flow is mapped, wherein the congestion information indicates whether to perform at least one of the following:determining at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow, ortransmitting, to the first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.15.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is further configured to:transmit a third indication via the transceiver to the first network node, wherein the third indication indicates whether at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow can be adapted.16.The second network node of claim 11, wherein the processor is configured to determine at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow by at least one of the following:determining the measured UL rate based on a first data volume of UL packets in a first data burst for the QoS flow and a first time duration for receiving the first data burst; ordetermining the measured DL rate based on a second data volume of DL packets in a second data burst for the QoS flow and a second time duration for transmitting the second data burst.17.The second network node of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to determine the measured UL rate by:determining the measured UL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of UL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for receiving the UL data bursts for the QoS flow; and / orwherein the processor is configured to determine the measured DL rate by:determining the measured DL rate by dividing a sum of data volumes of DL data bursts for the QoS flow by a sum of time durations for transmitting the DL data bursts for the QoS flow.18.The second network node of claim 16, wherein at least one of the first data volume and the second data volume is a service data adaption protocol (SDAP) level volume.19.A method for wireless communication, comprising:obtaining at least one of a measured uplink (UL) rate and a measured downlink (DL) rate for a Quality of Service (QoS) flow;determining whether to adapt at least one of a UL rate and a DL rate for the QoS flow based on at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow; andbased on determining to adapt at least one of the UL rate and the DL rate for the QoS flow, transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , at least one of a reduced or increased UL rate and a reduced or increased DL rate for the QoS flow.20.A method for wireless communication, comprising:determining at least one of a measured uplink (UL) rate and a measured downlink (DL) rate for a Quality of Service (QoS) flow; andtransmitting, to a first network node, at least one of the measured UL rate and the measured DL rate for the QoS flow.
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