Communication method, and apparatus

Abstract

Disclosed in the embodiments of the present application are a communication method, and an apparatus. The method is applied to an Internet-of-Things device, and may comprise: sending to a reader a first message, the first message comprising first indication information, and the first indication information being used for indicating a desired operating mode of the Internet-of-Things device; receiving a second message sent by the reader, the second message comprising second indication information, the second indication information being used for indicating a target operating mode of the Internet-of-Things device, and the target operating mode being determined by the reader on the basis of the desired operating mode; and, on the basis of the target operating mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet-of-Things device operating in the target operating mode. Using the embodiments of the present application can solve the problem of communication failure of Internet-of-Things devices due to energy depletion, and eliminate the situations where Internet-of-Things devices cannot respond and execute corresponding operations in a timely manner.

Description

Communication method and apparatus

[0001] The present application claims priority from the Chinese patent application No. 202411092719.2 filed on August 7, 2024, and entitled "A communication method and apparatus", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, in particular to a communication method and apparatus. BACKGROUND

[0003] The field of communication technology is used to realize information exchange and interconnection between devices through various technical means. With the rapid development of Internet of things (IoT) technology, the Internet of everything is gradually becoming a reality, but the battery life problem of IoT devices greatly increases the difficulty and cost of device maintenance, which has become a major bottleneck restricting the development of IoT. Therefore, IoT devices that do not rely on battery power are an important evolution trend of the next generation of IoT. Ambient IoT is a kind of cellular Internet of things communication technology that supports battery-free terminals.

[0004] In the prior art, the ambient IoT device does not carry a power supply itself, but collects energy from the environment to maintain operation, thereby realizing data transmission. With the increasing number of ambient IoT devices in communication and the increasing complexity of application scenarios, the ambient IoT device may run out of energy storage during communication, and thus become unreachable, resulting in the ambient IoT device being unable to respond and execute corresponding operations in time. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a communication method to solve the problem of communication unreachability caused by the depletion of energy storage of the IoT device, and eliminate the situation that the IoT device cannot respond and execute corresponding operations in time. SUMMARY

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present application is to provide a communication method and apparatus, which solves the problem of communication unreachability caused by the depletion of energy storage of the IoT device, and eliminates the situation that the IoT device cannot respond and execute corresponding operations in time.

[0006] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can include: applied to an Internet of Things device; sending a first message to a reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; receiving a second message sent by the reader, wherein the second message includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the desired working mode; based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode.

[0007] In the prior art, the Internet of Things device can maintain operation by energy harvesting from the environment to realize data interaction and transmission, for example, the Internet of Things device can maintain operation by harvesting energy from the radio frequency signal sent by the reader, wherein the Internet of Things device can work in different working modes configured by the reader to execute different activation strategies and energy harvesting strategies; however, the working mode determined by the reader may not be suitable for the current running situation of the Internet of Things device, resulting in that the Internet of Things device may enter an energy harvesting state due to energy depletion, thereby causing the problem of communication unavailability between the Internet of Things device and the reader, and inability to respond and execute corresponding operations in time. In order to solve the technical problem, in an embodiment of the present application, a communication method between the Internet of Things device and the reader is provided, the Internet of Things device can actively report a desired working mode to the reader, and after receiving a target working mode determined by the reader based on the desired working mode, the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode to perform data transmission and other operations with the reader, wherein the desired working mode can be determined by the Internet of Things device based on its current running situation (for example, determined based on one or more of the type, function, surrounding environment information and distance information between the Internet of Things device and the reader), so that the target working mode determined based on the desired working mode is more suitable for the running situation of the Internet of Things device, thereby increasing the time length of the Internet of Things device in an effective working state, and improving the reachability of communication between the Internet of Things device and the reader, thereby reducing the situation that the energy is depleted due to the unsuitability of the working mode of the Internet of Things device to the current running situation in the prior art, and then causing the communication unavailability between the Internet of Things device and the reader, and the inability to respond and execute corresponding operations in time. That is, in an embodiment of the present application, the Internet of Things device reports a working mode more suitable for the current running situation to the reader, and works in the target working mode determined by the reader based on the desired working mode, so that the Internet of Things device works in a working mode more suitable for the current running situation to improve the reachability of communication between the Internet of Things device and the reader, and reduce the situation that the Internet of Things device cannot respond and execute corresponding operations in time.

[0008] In a possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: receiving a third message sent by the reader, the third message being used to trigger the IoT device to determine the expected working mode. In the embodiment of the application, the third message can also be referred to as an R2D (Reader to Device) message sent by the reader and received by the IoT device, and the working mode selection information is triggered by the third message to trigger the IoT device to select the working mode. The IoT device can determine the expected working mode according to the type or function of the IoT device, so that the target working mode determined based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the running condition of the IoT device, and the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader is improved.

[0009] In a possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device, the running condition including one or more of the type or function of the IoT device, and the function including the energy storage mode of the IoT device. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode according to the type or function of the IoT device, so that the target working mode determined based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the running condition of the IoT device, the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader is improved, and the situation that the energy storage is exhausted because the working mode is not suitable for the current running condition, the communication between the IoT device and the reader is unreachable, and the IoT device cannot respond and execute corresponding operations in time is reduced.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device; or the type is determined based on the power consumption of the IoT device and the communication mode between the IoT device and the reader. In the embodiment of the application, the type of the IoT device is determined by the power consumption and the communication mode, so that the target working mode determined based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the actual running condition of the IoT device when the expected working mode is determined based on the type of the IoT device. For example, the expected working mode of the IoT device with low power consumption can be determined as the first working mode (for example, Always On), and the expected working mode of the IoT device with high power consumption can be set as the second working mode (for example, Duty-cycle), so that the expected working mode determined by the IoT device and the target working mode determined by the reader are more suitable for the running condition of the IoT device, and the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader is improved.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the third message comprises information about a working mode selection condition; and the method further comprises: determining the expected working mode based on the working mode selection condition. In the embodiment of the application, the information about the working mode selection condition can be further included in the third message sent by the reader and received by the IoT device, and the IoT device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition set by the reader, so that the expected working mode determined by the IoT device and the target working mode determined by the reader are more suitable for the operation of the IoT device, thereby improving the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0012] In a possible implementation, if the information about the working mode selection condition comprises a threshold value, the determination of the expected working mode based on the working mode selection condition comprises: determining the first working mode as the expected working mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value; and determining the second working mode as the expected working mode of the IoT device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value. In the embodiment of the application, if the IoT device receives the third message sent by the reader and comprising the threshold in the working mode selection condition, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode by judging the size relationship between the radio frequency power corresponding to the third message and the threshold, so that the expected working mode determined by the IoT device and the target working mode determined by the reader are more suitable for the operation of the IoT device, thereby improving the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader, and reducing the possibility that the IoT device runs out of energy and cannot communicate with the reader and cannot respond and perform corresponding operations in time.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the expected working mode is the first working mode or the second working mode, the first working mode is an always-on mode, and the second working mode is a duty-cycle mode. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can set different working modes to adapt to different operation conditions, for example, when the energy harvesting efficiency is not lower than the power consumption, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode as the always-on mode, so that the IoT device can be in an effective working state continuously, and when the energy harvesting efficiency of the IoT device is lower than the power consumption, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode as the duty-cycle mode, so that the IoT device can periodically perform energy harvesting and data transmission with the reader, so that the expected working mode determined by the IoT device and the target working mode determined by the reader are more suitable for the operation of the IoT device, thereby increasing the time length during which the IoT device is in an effective working state and improving the reachability of the communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0014] In a possible implementation, if the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the duty cycle mode and a working duration within the cycle, and the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle are determined based on one or more of energy storage function, charging efficiency, type, and distance from the charging node of the Internet of Things device. In the embodiment of the application, the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle of the Internet of Things device can be determined according to one or more of energy collection related information (for example, one or more of capacitance capacity, charging efficiency, type, and distance from the charging node) of the Internet of Things device, so as to maximize the energy resource of the Internet of Things device, improve the communication performance of the Internet of Things device, effectively manage the energy consumption and communication demand of the Internet of Things device, ensure that the Internet of Things device can maintain stable communication connection under different conditions, and thus increase the reachability of communication between the device and the reader.

[0015] In a possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a duty cycle mode parameter, and the duty cycle mode parameter includes one or more of a cycle of a duty cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working duration within the cycle, and a cycle start time; and the working in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information includes: configuring the target working mode indicated by the second indication information by using the duty cycle mode parameter, and working in the target working mode. In the embodiment of the application, the Internet of Things device can work in the target working mode and the duty cycle mode parameter determined by the reader, effectively manage the energy consumption and communication demand of the Internet of Things device, ensure that the Internet of Things device can maintain stable communication connection under different conditions, and determine the duty cycle mode parameter by comprehensively considering the working mode and the parameter of multiple Internet of Things devices, so as to ensure that the multiple Internet of Things devices work in an optimal manner in different time periods, so that the expected working mode determined by the Internet of Things device and the target working mode determined by the reader are more suitable for the operation of the Internet of Things device, thereby increasing the duration of the Internet of Things device in the effective working state, and improving the reachability of communication between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the third message is a message 0 or an initial message Initial msg in a two-step random access procedure, or is a message 0 or an initial message or a message 2 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can receive the trigger working mode selection information sent by the IoT device in a message sequence of the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure with the reader, the trigger working mode selection information is used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, reduces the steps of jointly determining the working mode by the IoT device and the reader, and reduces the time consumption and possible communication errors, and further improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0017] In a possible implementation, the first message is a message A in a two-step random access procedure or is a message 1 or a message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can report the expected working mode when reporting a unique identifier of the IoT device to the reader in the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure with the reader, which can effectively reduce the error configuration in the communication process, and reduces the time consumption and possible communication errors, and further enables the IoT device to work in a working mode more suitable for the current running situation, and improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0018] In a possible implementation, the second message is a message B in a two-step random access procedure or is a message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can receive the target working mode information sent by the reader when the connection between the IoT device and the reader is successfully established, and work in the target working mode, that is, the IoT device can perform data transmission according to the target working mode at the first time when the connection with the reader is successfully established, and reduces the time consumption and possible communication errors, and further improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0019] In a possible implementation, before the first message is sent to the reader, the method further includes: completing a random access procedure of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure for the reader. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can determine the working mode by transmitting the first message and the second message with the reader after completing the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure, avoids the case that the configuration message of the working mode is empty when the random access between the IoT device and the reader fails, helps to effectively establish a stable connection in a complex communication scenario, and improves the reachability of communication between the IoT device and the reader.

[0020] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader. In the embodiment of the present application, the Internet of Things device can send the expected working mode to the reader in an implicit reporting manner. For example, the Internet of Things device can generate a corresponding random number for different working modes, and indicate different expected working modes to the reader by reporting different random numbers, so as to reduce the communication resource consumption between the Internet of Things device and the reader, enhance the data privacy and security, and further improve the reachability of the communication between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

[0021] In a possible implementation, after the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device further performs data transmission with the reader in the target working mode. In the embodiment of the present application, after the Internet of Things device and the reader configure the target working mode together, the Internet of Things device can work in the target working mode to perform data transmission with the reader and other operations. As a result, the expected working mode determined by the Internet of Things device and the target working mode determined by the reader based on the expected working mode are more suitable for the operation of the Internet of Things device, thereby increasing the time length of the Internet of Things device in an effective working state and improving the reachability of the communication between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

[0022] In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a communication device, which can include:

[0023] a first message unit configured to send a first message to a reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate an expected working mode of the Internet of Things device;

[0024] a second message unit configured to receive a second message sent by the reader, wherein the second message includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the expected working mode;

[0025] a target working mode unit configured to configure the Internet of Things device to work in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information.

[0026] In a possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0027] a third message unit configured to receive a third message sent by the reader, and the third message is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode.

[0028] In a possible implementation, the device further includes:

[0029] The expected working mode determination unit determines the expected working mode based on a running condition of the Internet of Things device, the running condition including one or more of a type or a function of the Internet of Things device, the function including an energy storage mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0030] In a possible implementation, the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device; or the type is determined based on the power consumption of the Internet of Things device and a communication mode between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

[0031] In a possible implementation, the third message includes information about working mode selection conditions, and the apparatus further includes:

[0032] A working mode selection condition unit, the Internet of Things device selects a working mode based on the information about working mode selection conditions.

[0033] In a possible implementation, if the information about working mode selection conditions includes a threshold value, the working mode selection condition unit is specifically configured to:

[0034] A first working mode unit, in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value, determines a first working mode as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device;

[0035] A second working mode unit, in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value, determines a second working mode as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0036] In a possible implementation, the expected working mode is the first working mode or the second working mode; the first working mode is an Always ON mode; and the second working mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0037] In a possible implementation, if the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the Duty-cycle mode and an active time within the cycle, and the cycle of the Duty-cycle mode and the active time within the cycle are determined based on one or more of an energy storage function, a charging efficiency, a type, and a distance from a charging node of the Internet of Things device.

[0038] In a possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a duty cycle mode parameter, the duty cycle mode parameter including one or more of a period of a duty cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working time length in the period, and a period start time; and the target working mode unit is specifically configured to:

[0039] The Internet of Things device works in the target working mode configured by the duty cycle mode parameter.

[0040] In a possible implementation, the third message is a message 0 or an initial message Initial msg in a two-step random access procedure, or is a message 0, or an initial message, or a message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0041] In a possible implementation, the first message is a message A in a two-step random access procedure, or is a message 1, or a message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0042] In a possible implementation, the second message is a message B in a two-step random access procedure, or is a message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0043] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0044] The random access unit is configured to complete a random access procedure of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure with the reader.

[0045] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate a desired working mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader.

[0046] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a communication method, which can include: being applied to a reader; receiving a first message sent by an Internet of Things device, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; and sending a second message to the Internet of Things device, wherein the second message includes second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined based on the desired working mode.

[0047] In the prior art, the reader can configure the Internet of Things device to work in different working modes to perform different activation strategies and energy harvesting strategies; however, the reader may not have sufficient information, resulting in the working mode configured by the reader for the Internet of Things device being unsuitable for the current running situation, so that the Internet of Things device may be in an energy harvesting state due to insufficient energy storage, and the reader cannot communicate with the Internet of Things device, thereby causing an unreachable situation. To solve the technical problem, in the embodiments of the present application, the reader can receive the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device to further understand the running situation of the Internet of Things device, and based on the expected working mode, configure one or more target working modes of the Internet of Things device, so that the Internet of Things device works in a working mode more suitable for its current running situation, to reduce the situation in the prior art that the reader cannot adapt the working mode to the current running situation of the Internet of Things device due to insufficient information acquisition, and further, when the reader communicates with the Internet of Things device, the reader cannot reach the Internet of Things device due to insufficient energy storage of the Internet of Things device, that is, in the embodiments of the present application, the reader configures the actual working mode of the Internet of Things device based on the expected working mode sent by the Internet of Things device, to increase the reachability of the reader when communicating with the Internet of Things device, and increase the coordination and stability of the communication between the reader and multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0048] In a possible implementation, the receiving of the first message sent by the Internet of Things device further includes: sending a third message to the Internet of Things device, the third message being used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode. In the embodiments of the present application, the reader can send a third message to the Internet of Things device, and the trigger working mode selection information included in the third message can be used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode, so that the Internet of Things device can determine the expected working mode based on its type or function; further, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode, to increase the reachability of the reader when communicating with the Internet of Things device, and increase the coordination and stability of the communication between the reader and multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0049] In a possible implementation, the third message includes information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition is used to indicate that the IoT device determines an expected working mode. In the embodiment of the present application, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device, and the third message can include information about a working mode selection condition, and the information about the working mode selection condition is used to indicate that the IoT device determines the working mode selection based on the condition determined by the reader, for example, the information about the working mode selection condition can be used to determine the distance between the reader and the IoT device, to help the IoT device determine the expected working mode, so that the target working mode determined based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the operation of the IoT device; further, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode, to increase the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increase the coordination and stability of the communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0050] In a possible implementation, the information about the working mode selection condition includes a threshold value, and the threshold value is determined by the reader. In the embodiment of the present application, the reader can configure the information about the working mode selection condition as a threshold value, and send the threshold value to the IoT device through the third message, so that the IoT device can determine the distance by comparing the size relationship between the threshold value and the radio frequency power in the third message, to make the reader receive the expected working mode more suitable for the IoT device; further, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode, to increase the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increase the coordination and stability of the communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0051] In a possible implementation, the expected working mode is a first working mode or a second working mode; the first working mode is an always-on mode Always ON; and the second working mode is a duty-cycle mode Duty-cycle. In the embodiment of the present application, the reader can configure the IoT device to work in different working modes based on the expected working mode of the IoT device and the situation of multiple IoT devices, to increase the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increase the coordination and stability of the communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0052] In a possible implementation, if the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the working cycle mode and a working duration within the cycle, which are determined based on one or more of the energy storage function, the charging efficiency, the type of the Internet of Things device, and the distance from the charging node. In the embodiment of the application, if the expected working mode sent by the Internet of Things device received by the reader is the working cycle mode, the cycle of the working cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle can also be included in the first message received by the reader, so as to maximize the energy resource of the Internet of Things device, improve the communication performance between the reader and the Internet of Things device, increase the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the Internet of Things device, and increase the coordination and stability when the reader communicates with multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0053] In a possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a working cycle mode parameter, and the working cycle mode parameter includes one or more of a cycle of the working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working duration within the cycle, and a cycle start time; and the method further includes determining the working cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the working cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle. In the embodiment of the application, if the expected working mode sent by the Internet of Things device received by the reader is the working cycle mode, the reader can determine the target working mode and the working cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the working cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle of multiple Internet of Things devices, so as to ensure that multiple Internet of Things devices work in an optimal manner in different time periods, maximize the working stability and efficiency of the devices, increase the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the Internet of Things device, and increase the coordination and stability when the reader communicates with multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0054] In a possible implementation, the third message is message 0 or an initial message Initial msg in a two-step random access procedure, or is message 0, an initial message, or message 2 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the reader can include the working mode selection information for triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode in the message sequence of the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure, so as to reduce the steps of jointly determining the working mode by the reader and the Internet of Things device, reduce the time consumption and possible communication errors, and further improve the accessibility of the reader when communicating with the Internet of Things device, and increase the coordination and stability when the reader communicates with multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0055] In a possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the reader can receive the expected working mode reported by the Internet of Things device while receiving the unique identifier of the Internet of Things device in the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure between the reader and the Internet of Things device, which can effectively reduce the error configuration in the communication process, reduce the time consumption and possible communication errors, and further improve the accessibility of the reader in the communication with the Internet of Things device and increase the coordination and stability in the communication between the reader and multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0056] In a possible implementation, the second message is message B in a two-step random access procedure or message 4 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the reader can send the target working mode information to the Internet of Things device when the connection between the reader and the Internet of Things device is successfully established, and configure the Internet of Things device to work in the target working mode, that is, the reader can perform data transmission with the Internet of Things device according to the target working mode corresponding to the Internet of Things device at the first time when the connection between the reader and the Internet of Things device is successfully established, and further improve the accessibility of the reader in the communication with the Internet of Things device and increase the coordination and stability in the communication between the reader and multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the receiving of the first message sent by the Internet of Things device further includes: completing a random access procedure of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure for the Internet of Things device. In the embodiment of the application, the reader can determine the working mode of the Internet of Things device by transmitting the first message and the second message with the Internet of Things device after completing the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure, which avoids the situation that the configuration message of the working mode between the reader and the Internet of Things device is sent in vain when the random access fails between the reader and the Internet of Things device, and helps to effectively establish a stable connection in a complex communication scenario, and further improve the accessibility of the reader in the communication with the Internet of Things device and increase the coordination and stability in the communication between the reader and multiple Internet of Things devices.

[0058] In a possible implementation, after the sending of the second message to the IoT device, the method further includes: configuring the IoT device to perform data transmission with the IoT device in the target working mode. In the embodiment of the present application, after the reader and the IoT device jointly configure the target working mode, the reader can perform data transmission and other operations with the IoT device based on the target working mode corresponding to the IoT device, so that the target working mode determined by the reader based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the operation of the IoT device, thereby improving the reachability of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0059] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the IoT device to the reader. In the embodiment of the present application, the reader can receive the expected working mode sent by the IoT device in an implicit reporting manner, for example, the reader can receive a random number sent by the IoT device, and the random number is used to indicate different expected working modes, so as to reduce the communication resource consumption between the reader and the IoT device, and enhance data privacy and security, thereby improving the reachability of the reader when communicating with the IoT device, and increasing the coordination and stability of communication between the reader and multiple IoT devices.

[0060] In a fourth aspect, another communication apparatus is provided in the embodiment of the present application, which can include:

[0061] A first message unit is configured to receive a first message sent by an IoT device, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate an expected working mode of the IoT device;

[0062] A second indication information unit is configured to determine second indication information based on the first indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the IoT device, and the target working mode is determined based on the expected working mode;

[0063] A second message unit is configured to send a second message to the IoT device, and the second message includes the second indication information.

[0064] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0065] A third message unit is configured to send a third message to the IoT device, and the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to determine an expected working mode.

[0066] In a possible implementation, the third message includes information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition is used to indicate the IoT device to determine the expected working mode.

[0067] In a possible implementation, the expected operation mode is a first operation mode or a second operation mode; the first operation mode is an Always ON mode; and the second operation mode is a duty-cycle mode.

[0068] In a possible implementation, if the expected operation mode is the second operation mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the duty-cycle mode and an operation duration in the cycle, which are determined based on one or more of the following: energy storage function, charging efficiency, type of the Internet of Things device, and distance from the charging node.

[0069] In a possible implementation, if the target operation mode is the second operation mode, the second message further includes a duty-cycle mode parameter, the duty-cycle mode parameter including one or more of the following: a cycle of the duty-cycle mode corresponding to the target operation mode, an operation duration in the cycle, and a cycle start time; and the apparatus further includes:

[0070] a duty-cycle mode parameter determination unit configured to determine the duty-cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the duty-cycle mode and the operation duration in the cycle.

[0071] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0072] a random access unit configured to perform a random access procedure of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure for the Internet of Things device.

[0073] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected operation mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader.

[0074] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer storage medium for storing computer software instructions used in a communication apparatus as described in the second aspect or the fourth aspect, which includes a program for executing the process designed in the above aspects.

[0075] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program including instructions, which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to perform the process performed in the communication apparatus in the second aspect or the fourth aspect.

[0076] In a seventh aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, which comprises a processor and a sensor. The processor is the processor involved in any of the implementation manners of the second aspect or the fourth aspect. The sensor is the sensor involved in any of the implementation manners of the second aspect or the fourth aspect. The electronic device can further comprise a communication interface, which is configured to enable the terminal to communicate with other devices or a communication network.

[0077] In an eighth aspect, the present application provides an Internet of Things device, which has a function of implementing any of the communication methods in the first aspect. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules corresponding to the function.

[0078] In a ninth aspect, the present application provides a reader, which has a function of implementing any of the communication methods in the third aspect. The function can be implemented by hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software comprises one or more modules corresponding to the function. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0079] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or the background art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments of the present application or the background art will be described below.

[0080] FIG. 1A is a schematic diagram of a first intra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0081] FIG. 1B is a schematic diagram of a second intra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0082] FIG. 1C is a schematic diagram of a first extra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0083] FIG. 1D is a schematic diagram of a first CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0084] FIG. 2A is a schematic diagram of a third intra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0085] FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram of a fourth intra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0086] FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a second extra-CW node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0087] FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of a second CW-free node topology provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0088] FIG. 3A is a flowchart of a communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0089] FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram of a first working mode (always-on mode) provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0090] FIG. 3C is a schematic diagram of a second working mode (duty cycle mode) provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0091] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an instruction flow interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0092] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a trigger working mode selection instruction flow interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0093] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access flow comprehensive interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0094] FIG. 7A is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access flow comprehensive interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0095] FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of another four-step random access flow comprehensive interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0096] FIG. 7C is a schematic diagram of yet another four-step random access flow comprehensive interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0097] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a two-step random access flow in front interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0098] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of a four-step random access flow in front interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0099] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a first communication apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0100] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a second communication apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0101] FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another Internet of Things device provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0102] FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another reader provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0103] The embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0104] The terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and the accompanying drawings are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Moreover, the terms "include", "have", and the like when used in this description are used to indicate a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or units uses any of the steps or units in the list, but not necessarily all of the steps or units. Additionally, the term "about" when used in this description is used to indicate that a value can be "precise", but also "close to" a precise value.

[0105] Reference herein to "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment can be included in at least one embodiment of the application. The appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are they necessarily mutually exclusive of one another. It is expressly understood that any of the embodiments described herein can be incorporated in to other embodiments.

[0106] As used in this description, the terms "component", "module", "system", and the like are intended to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, firmware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and / or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computing device and the computing device can be a component. One or more components can reside within a process and / or thread of execution and a component can be localized, co-resident, and / or distributed amongst one or more computer(s). Also, these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon. The components can communicate by way of local and / or remote processes such as in accordance with a signal having one or more data packets (e.g., data from one component interacting with another component in a local system, distributed system, and / or across a network such as the Internet with other systems via the signal).

[0107] First, some terms in the present application are explained and described, so as to facilitate the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0108] (1) Radio frequency signal (RS), refers to a signal in a specific electromagnetic wave frequency range used in wireless communication and electronic devices. Radio frequency signal transmission process involves the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves, usually including signal emission, propagation, reception and processing, etc. Its purpose is to effectively transmit information and ensure the reliability and efficiency of the communication system.

[0109] (2) Radiofrequency Power (RFP), refers to the level of electrical energy generated and output in radio frequency electronic devices. The generation of radio frequency power involves the working state of electronic devices and circuit design, usually including power amplification, signal modulation, antenna radiation and electrical energy conversion stages, the purpose of which is to effectively realize the signal transmission and processing tasks in wireless communication, radar detection or medical devices.

[0110] (3) Threshold Value, refers to a specific standard or condition set in a certain measurement, detection or decision-making process. The setting of threshold value can be based on data analysis, statistical model or professional knowledge, used to judge whether a certain signal, event or phenomenon has reached the predetermined requirement or triggered a certain action. In practical applications, the determination of threshold value usually includes setting, optimization and adjustment, to ensure that the system can effectively identify events or signals and take appropriate response measures.

[0111] (4) Ambient IoT (A-IoT), refers to a kind of cellular Internet of Things communication technology supporting battery-free terminals. Ambient IoT can include passive Internet of Things, and some network nodes in passive Internet of Things can be passive, which do not need internal power supply during work and usually rely on external energy source to obtain the required energy. For example, passive Internet of Things devices can be Radio Frequency Identification tags (RFID), energy harvesting sensors or wireless environmental sensors, etc. which can obtain energy from the surrounding environment and use it to realize communication or sensing functions. Passive Internet of Things architecture can include passive Internet of Things devices, readers. The Internet of Things devices mentioned in the embodiments of the present application are described taking passive Internet of Things devices in Ambient IoT as an example, which can also be other Internet of Things devices, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0112] (5) Reader, in the network structure of Ambient IoT, reader refers to a device or system used for communication and data reading with Ambient IoT devices. These readers are usually active devices, which can send specific energy sources or radio frequency signals to activate and communicate with surrounding Ambient IoT devices. When interacting with Ambient IoT devices, readers can send radio frequency signals or electromagnetic waves of specific frequencies to activate nearby Ambient IoT devices, so that they can obtain energy and start. After the Ambient IoT devices are activated, the Ambient IoT devices can use the received energy to respond to the query request of the reader, transmit the data stored in their internal and perform other specified operations. Among them, the reader is usually used in the following two topological network architectures in the topological network architecture of Ambient IoT communication:

[0113] Topology 1: Reader <-> A-IoT device.

[0114] Topology 2: Reader <-> Intermediate Node <-> A-IoT device.

[0115] In the topology network architecture of Topology 1, the reader can be a base station (BS), and in the topology network architecture of Topology 2, the reader can be a base station or a user equipment (UE). Optionally, in the topology network architecture of Topology 1, the reader directly communicates with the A-IoT device, has a large coverage range, and can be applicable to a macro cell; in the topology network architecture of Topology 2, the reader communicates with the A-IoT device through an intermediate node, has a small coverage range, and can be applicable to a micro cell.

[0116] (6) Upstream Transmission, refers to the process of transmitting data or signals from terminal devices to servers or central nodes in a communication network. This transmission process involves the transmission path of information from user terminals or terminal devices to the network. In communication technology, upstream transmission is usually carried out through various transmission media and protocols to ensure the reliability and timeliness of data. In the embodiments of the present application, the upstream transmission process can include data transmission from the Internet of Things device to the reader. Upstream transmission can include two ways: reverse path scattering and direct transmission. Among them, the upstream transmission through reverse path scattering refers to the transmission method realized by reverse path scattering technology when information is transmitted in the network. This transmission method involves the propagation of signals along the reverse path scattering path in the network, and the information is transmitted between nodes through reflection and scattering to ensure the effective transmission and reception of data. The upstream transmission through direct transmission refers to the process of transmitting data in the network through direct transmission. This transmission method directly transmits data from the sender to the receiver, and directly realizes the transmission and exchange of information through network devices and communication channels to ensure the efficiency and reliability of data transmission.

[0117] (7) Random Access Procedure, refers to the process in which a terminal device or user equipment requests to connect to a network through a wireless channel. In the embodiments of the present application, the random access procedure allows multiple Internet of Things devices (such as passive Internet of Things devices) to access communication resources through a competitive manner, to ensure fair and effective allocation of wireless spectrum and bandwidth. The random access procedure can have different implementation methods, each of which corresponds to a random access type. Random access types can include four-step random access and two-step random access; in the four-step random access procedure, the Internet of Things device sends a random access preamble to the reader, the reader returns a random access response to the Internet of Things device, and the Internet of Things device sends a message 3 (Msg3) to the reader, which is a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). In the two-step random access procedure, the Internet of Things device sends a message A (msgA) to the reader, and the reader sends a message B to the Internet of Things device, wherein the message A is composed of two parts, the message A is composed of a preamble sent by a physical random access channel (PRACH) and a message sent by a PUSCH channel.

[0118] (8) Network Topology, refers to the physical layout and logical connection method between nodes (such as computers, printers, routers, etc.) in a network. This topology determines how data is transmitted in the network, and how to effectively organize and manage network resources.

[0119] (9) Continuous Wave (CW) device, refers to a device in Internet of Things communication that provides continuous electromagnetic wave signals, used to provide an external carrier to the Internet of Things device so that the Internet of Things device can perform backscattering, for example, the CW device can be a base station or a reader-writer in Internet of Things communication.

[0120] (10) Inventory Function (IF), refers to the operation process of conducting a comprehensive inventory and statistics of a specific object. In the embodiments of the present application, the inventory function can refer to the operation process in which the reader and the multiple Internet of Things devices cooperate to complete the comprehensive inventory and statistics of information. It can specifically involve data transmission of the Internet of Things device, data reception and processing of the reader, and their mutual coordination, to more accurately grasp the number, running state and related information of the Internet of Things device.

[0121] For the convenience of understanding the embodiments of the present application, the system architecture in the embodiments of the present application is described first. The embodiments of the present application can include three types of Internet of Things devices, device 1, device 2a and device 2b, wherein the differences among the three types of devices can include one or more of the following: the communication mode between the device and the reader, whether there is a PA, the size of the power, and the size of the frequency modulation range. Among them,

[0122] Device 1: Device 1 transmits uplink to the reader through backscattering, device 1 has no PA, the uplink power of device 1 is small, and the frequency modulation range of device 1 is small.

[0123] Device 2a: Device 2a transmits uplink to the reader through backscattering, device 2a has a PA, the uplink power of device 2a is medium, and the frequency modulation range of device 2a is medium.

[0124] Device 2b: Device 2b transmits uplink to the reader through direct transmission, device 2b has a PA, the uplink power of device 2b is large, and the frequency modulation range of device 2b is large.

[0125] Among them, the uplink power refers to the transmission power of the device transmitting uplink to the reader, and the frequency modulation range refers to the frequency range that can be used by the above three devices when communicating.

[0126] Next, the communication scenarios between the above three devices and the reader will be described in detail in the form of topology, which can be specifically seen in eight topology architecture diagrams in FIGS. 1A-2D. First, the meaning of each node in the figure is introduced. ‘R’ can be a reader (Reader), ‘BS’ can be a base station (Base Station), ‘D’ can be an Internet of Things device, such as an ambient Internet of Things device (Ambient IoT Device), ‘CW’ can be a continuous wave (Continuous Wave) device, wherein ‘CW’ can be used to provide an external carrier for ‘D’ for backscattering by ‘D’; D2R (Device to Reader) is the uplink transmission of ‘D’ to ‘R’; R2D (Reader to Device) is the downlink transmission of ‘R’ to ‘D’; CW2D (CW to Device) is the external carrier to ‘D’; in addition, ‘R’ can also be one or more of ‘BS’ or ‘CW’. Among them,

[0127] (1) As shown in FIG. 1A, which is a first internal CW node topology diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application, the diagram can include 'R1 / CW', 'R2' and 'D', wherein the 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network, the 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R2' in D2R, the 'CW' in CW2D is the same as the 'R1' in R2D, and the 'R1' in R2D and the 'R2' in D2R are two different readers respectively. Specifically, first, 'R1 / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D', i.e., R2D; further, 'R1 / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; further, 'D' performs uplink transmission to 'R2' through backscattering, i.e., D2R. The topology structure in FIG. 1A includes the 'R1 / CW' node, i.e., 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2' through backscattering, so the topology structure of FIG. 1A can be applicable to device 1 and device 2a; further, if the 'D' in the topology structure does not include a PA, the type of 'D' is device 1; if the 'D' in the topology structure includes a PA, the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0128] (2) As shown in FIG. 1B, which is a second internal CW node topology diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application, the diagram can include 'R / CW' and 'D', wherein the 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network, and the 'CW' node and the 'R' node in CW2D, D2R and R2D are the same. Specifically, first, 'R / CW' performs downlink transmission to 'D', i.e., R2D; further, 'R / CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering; further, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R' through backscattering, i.e., D2R. The topology structure in FIG. 1B includes the 'R / CW' node, i.e., 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R / CW' through backscattering, so the topology structure of FIG. 1B can be applicable to device 1 and device 2a; further, if the 'D' in the topology structure does not include a PA, the type of 'D' is device 1; if the 'D' in the topology structure includes a PA, the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0129] (Three) referring to FIG. 1C, FIG. 1C is a first outer CW node topology diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1C, FIG. 1C can include 'R', 'CW' and 'D' three nodes, wherein, 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network, 'CW' in CW2D is different from 'R' in D2R, 'CW' in CW2D is different from 'R' in R2D, 'R' nodes in D2R and R2D are the same. Specifically, first, 'R' performs downlink transmission to 'D', that is, R2D; further, 'CW' provides an external carrier to 'D' for backscattering of 'D'; further, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2' through backscattering, that is, D2R. The topology structure in FIG. 1C includes 'CW node', that is, 'D' performs uplink transmission to 'R' through backscattering, therefore, the topology structure of FIG. 1C can be applicable to device 1 and device 2a; further, if 'D' in the topology structure does not include PA, the type of 'D' is device 1; if 'D' in the topology structure includes PA, the type of 'D' is device 2a.

[0130] (Four) referring to FIG. 1D, FIG. 1D is a first no-CW node topology diagram provided in the embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 1D, FIG. 1D can include 'R' and 'D' two nodes, wherein, there is no 'CW' node inside the topology network. Specifically, first, 'R' performs downlink transmission to 'D', that is, R2D; further, 'D' can perform uplink transmission to 'R2', that is, D2R. The topology structure in FIG. 1D does not include 'CW node', that is, 'D' performs uplink transmission to 'R' through direct transmission, therefore, the topology structure of FIG. 1D can be applicable to device 2b.

[0131] (5) Referring to FIG. 2A, which is a schematic diagram of a third inner CW node topology provided in embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2A, the topology can include 'R1 / CW', 'R2', 'D' and 'BS'. The 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R2' in D2R. The 'CW' in CW2D is the same as the 'R1' in R2D. The 'R1' in R2D and the 'R2' in D2R are two different readers respectively. The 'BS' communicates with the 'R1' and the 'R2'. Specifically, first, the 'R1 / CW' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', i.e., R2D. Further, the 'R1 / CW' provides an external carrier to the 'D' for backscattering. Further, the 'D' performs uplink transmission to the 'R2' by backscattering, i.e., D2R. The topology in FIG. 2A includes the 'R1 / CW' node, i.e., the 'D' can perform uplink transmission to the 'R2' by backscattering. Therefore, the topology in FIG. 2A can be applicable to the device 1 and the device 2a. Further, if the 'D' in the topology does not include a PA, the 'D' is of the device 1. If the 'D' in the topology includes a PA, the 'D' is of the device 2a. In addition, in embodiments of the present application, the 'BS' can control and coordinate the functions of the 'R1 / CW' and the 'R2' by communicating with the 'R1 / CW' and the 'R2', including but not limited to sending configuration parameters, radio frequency signals or threshold values and the like. The communication between the 'BS' and the 'R1 / CW' and the 'R2' can be continuous and occur before the 'R1 / CW' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', so as to optimize the communication quality and efficiency.

[0132] (6) Referring to FIG. 2B, which is a fourth inner CW node topology diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2B, the topology diagram can include 'R / CW', 'D' and 'BS' three nodes, wherein the 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network, the 'CW' node and the 'R' node in CW2D, D2R and R2D are the same, and the 'BS' communicates with the 'R'. Specifically, first, the 'R / CW' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', i.e., R2D; further, the 'R / CW' provides an external carrier to the 'D' for backscattering; further, the 'D' can perform uplink transmission to the 'R2' through backscattering, i.e., D2R. The topology structure in FIG. 2B includes the 'R / CW' node, i.e., the 'D' can perform uplink transmission to the 'R / CW' through backscattering, and therefore the topology structure of FIG. 2B can be applicable to the device 1 and the device 2a; further, if the 'D' in the topology structure does not include the PA, the type of the 'D' is the device 1; if the 'D' in the topology structure includes the PA, the type of the 'D' is the device 2a. In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, the 'BS' can be connected with the 'R / CW' through communication to control and coordinate the functions of the 'R / CW', including but not limited to sending data such as configuration parameters, radio frequency signals or threshold values, and the communication between the 'BS' and the 'R / CW' can be continuous and occur before the 'R / CW' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', so as to optimize the communication quality and efficiency.

[0133] (Seven) Referring to FIG. 2C, FIG. 2C is a schematic diagram of a second CW node topology provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2C, the topology can include 'R', 'CW', 'D' and 'BS' nodes. The 'CW' node is configured inside the topology network. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in D2R. The 'CW' in CW2D is different from the 'R' in R2D. The 'R' nodes in D2R and R2D are the same. The 'BS' communicates with the 'R'. Specifically, the 'R' first performs downlink transmission to the 'D', i.e., R2D. Further, the 'CW' provides an external carrier to the 'D' for backscattering. Further, the 'D' can perform uplink transmission to the 'R2' through backscattering, i.e., D2R. The topology in FIG. 2C includes the 'CW node', i.e., the 'D' performs uplink transmission to the 'R' through backscattering. Therefore, the topology in FIG. 2C can be applied to device 1 and device 2a. Further, if the 'D' in the topology does not include a PA, the 'D' is of the type of device 1. If the 'D' in the topology includes a PA, the 'D' is of the type of device 2a. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the 'BS' can be connected to the 'R' through communication to control and coordinate the functions of the 'R', including but not limited to sending data such as configuration parameters, radio frequency signals or threshold values. The communication between the 'BS' and the 'R' can be continuous and occurs before the 'R' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', so as to optimize the communication quality and efficiency.

[0134] (Eight) Referring to FIG. 2D, FIG. 2D is a schematic diagram of a second CW node-free topology provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 2D, the topology can include 'R', 'D' and 'BS' nodes. The topology network is free of 'CW' nodes. The 'BS' communicates with the 'R'. Specifically, the 'R' first performs downlink transmission to the 'D', i.e., R2D. Further, the 'D' can perform uplink transmission to the 'R2', i.e., D2R. The topology in FIG. 2D does not include the 'CW node', i.e., the 'D' performs uplink transmission to the 'R' through direct transmission. Therefore, the topology in FIG. 2D can be applied to device 2b. In addition, in the embodiment of the present application, the 'BS' can be connected to the 'R' through communication to control and coordinate the functions of the 'R', including but not limited to sending data such as configuration parameters, radio frequency signals or threshold values. The communication between the 'BS' and the 'R' can be continuous and occurs before the 'R' performs downlink transmission to the 'D', so as to optimize the communication quality and efficiency.

[0135] It can be understood that the communication topology between the reader and the Internet of Things device in the embodiments of FIGS. 3A-9 in the present application can be any one of the above eight scenarios. The subsequent embodiments will not be described again.

[0136] With reference to the system architecture in FIGS. 1A-2D, and the communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application, the following will be described from the interaction side of the reader and the Internet of Things device in conjunction with FIG. 3A, which is a flow diagram of a communication method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The method can include the following steps S301-S303.

[0137] Step S301: The Internet of Things device sends a first message to the reader.

[0138] Specifically, the first message includes first indication information, which is used to indicate the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device. In the embodiments of the present application, the first message can also be referred to as a D2R message sent by the Internet of Things device to the reader in an uplink transmission manner. The desired working mode can be a first working mode (for example, Always On mode) or a second working mode (for example, Duty-cycle mode). If the desired working mode is the second working mode, the first message can further include information about the period of the Duty-cycle mode and the working time length within the period, or information used to indicate the period of the Duty-cycle mode and the working time length within the period. For example, the Internet of Things device can directly report the desired working mode to the reader by sending the first message, or report the desired working mode to the reader by message A (for example, MsgA) in a two-step random access procedure, message 1 (for example, Msg1) in a four-step random access procedure, or message 3 (for example, Msg3) in a four-step random access procedure. It can be understood that the above embodiment in which the Internet of Things device sends the first message to the reader is a possible implementation manner, and other examples can also be used, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0139] In a possible implementation, the first working mode is a continuously activated working mode, for example, an Always On mode; and the second working mode is a periodically activated working mode, for example, a Duty-cycle mode. In the embodiments of the present application, the Internet of Things device can set different working modes to adapt to different running conditions. For example, referring to FIG. 3B, which is a schematic diagram of a first working mode (Always On mode) provided in the embodiments of the present application. As shown in FIG. 3B, if the Internet of Things device works in the Always On mode, the Internet of Things device can simultaneously perform energy harvesting and data transmission with the reader, and the energy harvesting efficiency is not lower than the power consumption, so that the Internet of Things device can continuously be in an effective working state. For example, referring to FIG. 3C, which is a schematic diagram of a second working mode (Duty-cycle mode) provided in the embodiments of the present application. FIG. 3C can include a cycle of the Duty-cycle mode, a working time length in the cycle and an energy harvesting time length. The working time length in the cycle is the time length of the ON state, and the energy harvesting time length is the time length of the Sleep state or the OFF state. In the embodiments of the present application, the Sleep state is taken as an example of energy harvesting. If the Internet of Things device works in the Duty-cycle mode, assuming that a cycle of the Duty-cycle mode is 10 seconds, the working time length in the cycle is 3 seconds, and the energy harvesting time length is 7 seconds. In each cycle of the Duty-cycle mode, the Internet of Things device can perform 3 seconds of data transmission with the reader in the ON state, and perform 7 seconds of energy harvesting in the Sleep state.

[0140] In a possible implementation, before determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the Internet of Things device, the method further includes: receiving a third message sent by the reader. The third message is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode. Optionally, the third message itself can have a function of indicating and triggering the Internet of Things device to select a working mode, that is, the third message can not carry the triggering working mode selection information, but the third message itself can have the indication function. Alternatively, the third message can include the triggering working mode selection information, which is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode. In the embodiment of the application, the third message can also be referred to as the R2D message sent by the reader and received by the Internet of Things device. For example, after receiving the third message sent by the reader, the Internet of Things device can trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode based on the triggering working mode selection information in the third message. Further optionally, in addition to the triggering working mode selection information, the third message can further include information about the working mode selection condition, which can be used to indicate the relevant conditions that the Internet of Things device needs to meet when selecting a working mode, in other words, the Internet of Things device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

[0141] In a possible implementation, before sending the first message to the reader, the method further includes: determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the Internet of Things device, the running condition including one or more of the type or function (for example, energy storage mode) of the Internet of Things device. In the embodiment of the application, the Internet of Things device can determine the expected working mode based on the type or function of the Internet of Things device. For example, the Internet of Things device can determine the expected working mode based on the type (for example, device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (for example, energy storage mode) of the Internet of Things device, for example, always-on mode or working cycle mode. In the example in which the Internet of Things device determines the expected working mode based on the type of the Internet of Things device, the Internet of Things device can determine the expected working mode by comprehensively determining one or more of the data such as uplink transmission between the Internet of Things device and the reader, whether there is PA, the power size of uplink transmission, and the size of the frequency modulation range. In the example in which the Internet of Things device determines the expected working mode based on the function of the Internet of Things device, the function can be an energy storage mode, and the energy storage mode can be one or more of the radio frequency energy in the radio frequency signal, solar energy, and electric energy. The Internet of Things device can determine the expected working mode based on the energy storage efficiency of the energy storage mode. For details of the embodiment of determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the Internet of Things device, refer to the embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4, which will not be described here.

[0142] In a possible implementation, the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device; or the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device and a communication mode between the Internet of Things device and the reader. In the embodiment of the application, the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption and the communication mode, so that the target working mode determined based on the expected working mode is more suitable for the operation of the Internet of Things device when the expected working mode is determined based on the type of the Internet of Things device. For example, the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device with low power consumption can be determined as the first working mode, and the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device with high power consumption can be set as the second working mode.

[0143] In the example in which the third message includes information about the working mode selection condition, the Internet of Things device selects the working mode based on the information about the working mode selection condition. In the embodiment of the application, the third message sent by the reader and received by the Internet of Things device can further include information about the working mode selection condition, and the Internet of Things device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition set by the reader, wherein the working mode selection condition can be predefined by the staff or configured by the reader through the Control field.

[0144] In a possible implementation, if the information about the working mode selection condition includes a threshold value. In this case, the method further includes: determining the first working mode as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value; and determining the second working mode as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value. Alternatively, the first working mode can be determined as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value being greater than or equal to the threshold value; and the second working mode can be determined as the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than the threshold value.

[0145] In a possible implementation, if the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the working cycle mode and a working time length in the cycle. For example, referring to FIG. 3C, the cycle of the working cycle mode, the working time length in the cycle, and the energy collection time length can be included in the first message. The working time length in the cycle is the time length of the ON state, and the energy collection time length is the time length of the sleep state or the OFF state. In the embodiment of the present application, the energy collection is taken as the sleep state. If the IoT device works in the working cycle mode, the energy collection efficiency of the IoT device can be lower than the power consumption, and therefore the IoT device cannot continuously work in the ON state and needs to collect energy in the energy collection time length (i.e., the time length of the sleep state). During the sleep state, the IoT device cannot receive the downlink signal sent by the reader nor can it send the uplink signal to the reader to inform the reader of the effective working state of the IoT device, so that the reader cannot determine which IoT device is in the effective working state. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the IoT device can report the cycle of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the cycle determined by the IoT device based on the type or function to the reader when reporting the expected working mode to the reader, so that the reader can perform data transmission with the IoT device when the IoT device is in the effective working state. For example, it is assumed that the cycle of the working cycle mode determined by the IoT device and reported to the reader is 10 seconds, and the working time length in the cycle of the working cycle mode is 1 second and the energy collection time length is 9 seconds. The IoT device can perform data transmission with the reader in the 1 second of the ON state and collect energy in the 9 seconds of the sleep state.

[0146] In a possible implementation, the third message is a message 0 (e.g., Msg0) in a two-step random access procedure or an initial message (Initial msg) for starting random access with the reader through a Round start message and / or a Slot start message, or is a message 0 (e.g., Msg0) in a four-step random access procedure or an initial message (Initial msg) or a message 2. The third message can include trigger working mode selection information for triggering the IoT device to perform working mode selection. In the embodiment of the present application, the IoT device can receive the trigger working mode selection information sent by the IoT device in the message sequence of the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure with the reader, and the trigger working mode selection information is used to trigger the IoT device to perform working mode selection.

[0147] In a possible implementation, the first message is message A in a two-step random access procedure or message 1 or message 3 in a four-step random access procedure. In the embodiment of the application, the IoT device can report the expected working mode when reporting the unique identifier of the IoT device to the reader in the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure with the reader. For example, the IoT device can trigger the working mode selection of the IoT device when sending message A in the two-step random access procedure with the reader or when sending message 1 or message 3 to the reader in the four-step random access procedure. Further, in the two-step random access procedure, after determining the expected working mode based on the type, function or working mode selection condition, the IoT device can send the electronic product code (EPC) and the current expected working mode to the reader through message A in the two-step random access procedure, the EPC being the unique identifier code of the IoT device to help the reader identify different IoT devices. Alternatively, in the four-step random access procedure, if the message 0 or the initial message sent by the reader to the IoT device is used to trigger the working mode selection of the IoT device, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode based on the type, function or working mode selection condition after receiving the message 0 or the initial message, and report the expected working mode by sending message 1 to the reader, that is, the message 1 can include information about the expected working mode. Alternatively, in the four-step random access procedure, the first message can be message 3 in the four-step random access procedure, that is, the IoT device sends the EPC of the IoT device to the reader, and the message 3 can also include information about the expected working mode. Alternatively, the above embodiments are described as three possible implementations, and other examples are also possible, which are not limited in the embodiment of the application.

[0148] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader. In the embodiment of the present application, the Internet of Things device can send the expected working mode to the reader in an implicit reporting manner. For example, the Internet of Things device can generate a corresponding random number for different working modes, and send different random numbers to the reader to indicate different expected working modes. For example, the reader and the Internet of Things device can generate random numbers according to the same rule. For example, the Internet of Things device can have a corresponding random number generator, and the rule for generating random numbers by the random number generator corresponding to the reader is the same. If the Internet of Things device generates a plurality of random numbers, each different random number can correspond to a different working mode, and the random number generator corresponding to the reader can also include the plurality of random numbers. For example, it is assumed that the random number generator corresponding to the Internet of Things device generates two random numbers, and the random number generator corresponding to the reader also generates the two random numbers. The two random numbers can correspond to the first working mode and the second working mode, respectively. The first message sent by the Internet of Things device to the reader can include the random number corresponding to the first working mode or the second working mode, and the reader can determine the expected working mode reported by the Internet of Things device based on the working mode corresponding to the random number after receiving the random number.

[0149] Step S302: The reader sends a second message to the Internet of Things device.

[0150] Specifically, the second message comprises second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate a target working mode of the IoT device, the target working mode being determined by the reader based on the expected working mode. The reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to work in the target working mode. For example, the reader can send the second indication information to the IoT device in the message B in the two-step random access procedure or the message 4 in the four-step random access procedure, which can be used to indicate the target working mode to the IoT device, wherein the target working mode can be determined by the reader based on the expected working mode, and the target working mode can be the same as or different from the expected working mode. For example, if the target working mode is the same as the expected working mode, and the expected working mode received by the reader is the working cycle mode, the target working mode determined by the reader for the IoT device is the working cycle mode. In this example, the reader can determine the parameters of the IoT device in the working cycle mode (such as one or more of the cycle of the working cycle mode, the working time length in the cycle, and the starting time of the cycle) based on the cycle of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the cycle of one or more IoT devices. The reader can notify the target working mode of the IoT device in the working cycle mode and the corresponding parameters through the second message, so as to configure the IoT device to work in the working cycle mode based on the parameters in the working cycle mode.

[0151] In a possible implementation, the second message is the message B in the two-step random access procedure or the message 4 in the four-step random access procedure. In the message B (such as MsgB) in the two-step random access procedure or the message 4 (such as Msg4) in the four-step random access procedure, the above-mentioned message B or message 4 can comprise information about the target working mode, and the IoT device can work in the target working mode and perform data transmission with the reader according to the target working mode. For details, refer to the embodiments of step S604 in FIG. 6 or step S706A in FIG. 7A, which are not described herein again.

[0152] In a possible implementation, before the first message is sent to the reader, the method further includes: determining, based on the random access indication information, that a random access procedure of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure is completed. In the embodiment of the application, the Internet of Things device can complete the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure before the first message is sent to the reader, and after the random access procedure is completed, the Internet of Things device determines the target working mode through the transmission of the first message and the second message with the reader. For the embodiment in which the Internet of Things device completes the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure before the first message is sent to the reader, refer to steps S801-S807 corresponding to FIG. 8 and steps S901-S908 corresponding to FIG. 9.

[0153] Step S303: The Internet of Things device works in the target working mode.

[0154] Specifically, based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information in the second message, the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode. For example, assuming that the target working mode includes a first working mode and a second working mode, if the target working mode received by the Internet of Things device is the first working mode (for example, always-on mode), the Internet of Things device can work in the first working mode, that is, the Internet of Things device can continuously be in an active working state and perform data transmission with the reader. If the target working mode received by the Internet of Things device is the second working mode (for example, working cycle mode), the second message sent by the reader received by the Internet of Things device can include parameters of the working cycle mode in addition to the target working mode, so as to configure the Internet of Things device to work in the working cycle mode based on the parameters.

[0155] In a possible implementation, after the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the method further includes: the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode and performs data transmission with the reader. In the embodiment of the application, after the Internet of Things device and the reader determine the target working mode through the interaction of the first message and the second message, the Internet of Things device can work in the target working mode and perform data transmission with the reader and other operations. For example, assuming that the Internet of Things device works in the first working mode (for example, always-on mode), the reader can continuously perform data transmission with the Internet of Things device; if the Internet of Things device works in the second working mode (for example, working cycle mode), the reader can periodically perform data transmission with the Internet of Things device, and the period can be determined based on the working cycle mode parameters of the Internet of Things device.

[0156] Optionally, the system architecture and communication method flow of the Internet of Things device described in the embodiments corresponding to the above FIG. 1A-FIG. 3C can include one or more of the following possible implementation manners: (1) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device, (2) triggering the working mode selection to determine the working mode of the Internet of Things device, (3) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device in a two-step random access flow, (4) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device in a four-step random access flow, (5) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device after completing the two-step random access flow, and (6) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device after completing the four-step random access flow. The Internet of Things device in any one of the following six implementation manners can be an environmental Internet of Things device, and specific implementation manners can be referred to FIG. 4-FIG. 9.

[0157] (1) determining the working mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0158] Specifically, the Internet of Things device can determine and report the expected working mode based on its own type or function, and the expected working mode can be the first working mode or the second working mode, and work according to the target working mode configured by the reader. Optionally, if the expected working mode reported by the Internet of Things device is the second working mode, i.e., the working cycle mode, the Internet of Things device can also report information about the period of the working cycle mode and the working time in the period, and receive one or more of the information about the period of the working cycle mode, the working time in the period, and the starting time of the period configured by the reader. Specific implementation manners can be referred to FIG. 4, which is an instruction flow interaction schematic diagram provided in an embodiment of the present application. The interaction flow can include the following steps S401-S404.

[0159] Step S401: determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the Internet of Things device.

[0160] Specifically, the IoT device in the embodiments of the present application can determine the desired working mode based on its own running condition (e.g. type or function). For example, assuming that the desired working mode can include a first working mode and a second working mode, in the example that the IoT device determines the desired working mode based on its own type, the IoT device can determine the desired working mode by one or more of the following: uplink transmission between the IoT device and the reader, whether the IoT device has a PA, uplink transmission power, and frequency modulation range. For details, please refer to the corresponding embodiment description of FIGS. 1A-2D. The type of the IoT device can include device 1, device 2a and device 2b. Assuming that the type of the IoT device is device 1, because device 1 does not include a PA, has small uplink power and low power consumption, the first working mode can be determined as the desired working mode, so that the IoT device of the device 1 type can be in an effective working state for a longer time. Alternatively, assuming that the type of the IoT device is device 2b, because device 2b has a PA, has medium uplink power and high power consumption, the duty cycle mode can be determined as the desired working mode, so that the IoT device can perform energy harvesting in the cycle and be in an effective working state in the working time of the cycle. Alternatively, the IoT device can also determine the desired working mode based on its own function. For example, in the energy storage mode (e.g. radio frequency energy, solar energy, electric energy, etc.), if the energy storage efficiency of the energy storage mode of the IoT device is high, the first working mode can be determined as the desired working mode. If the energy storage efficiency of the energy storage mode of the IoT device is low, the second working mode can be determined as the desired working mode. It can be understood that the above embodiment in which the IoT device determines the desired working mode based on its own type or function is one possible implementation, and other examples can also be used, which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0161] Step S402: The IoT device reports the desired working mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired working mode (if any) to the reader.

[0162] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device can report its desired working mode to the reader in an uplink transmission manner. Exemplarily, the uplink transmission manner of the IoT device to the reader can include backscattering or direct transmission, for example, refer to the corresponding embodiment descriptions of FIG. 1A-FIG. 2D, the type of the IoT device can include device 1, device 2a and device 2b. If the type of the IoT device is device 1 and device 2a, the IoT device can perform uplink transmission to the reader in a backscattering manner and report the desired working mode. If the type of the IoT device is device 2b, the IoT device can perform uplink transmission to the reader in a direct transmission manner and report the desired working mode. Further, if the desired working mode of the IoT device is the second working mode (for example, the duty cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader can further include the parameters corresponding to the second working mode (for example, the duty cycle mode), such as the period of the duty cycle mode and the working time length in the period.

[0163] Step S403: The reader configures the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0164] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the desired working mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to work in the target working mode. The target working mode can be the same as or different from the desired working mode. In addition, in the example where the target working mode is the same as the desired working mode and the desired working mode is the second working mode (for example, the duty cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target working mode based on the parameters corresponding to the desired working mode reported by the IoT device, which can be specifically referred to the embodiment description of step S302 in FIG. 3A, and will not be described here.

[0165] Step S404: The IoT device performs data transmission with the reader.

[0166] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the reader can determine the time window of data transmission based on the target working mode of the IoT device, to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the communication between the target IoT device and the reader. For example, if the IoT device works in the first working mode, the reader can continuously perform data transmission with the IoT device; if the IoT device works in the duty cycle mode, the reader can perform data transmission with the IoT device when the IoT device is in the on state. The specific embodiment description of the reader performing data transmission with the IoT device based on the target working mode of the IoT device can be referred to the corresponding embodiment descriptions of FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C, and will not be described here.

[0167] (II) Determine the working mode of the IoT device after triggering the working mode selection.

[0168] Specifically, before step S401 corresponding to FIG. 4, the reader can send a third message to the Internet of Things device, the third message being used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode, or to trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode based on a working mode selection condition. For details, refer to FIG. 5, which is a schematic diagram of a working mode selection instruction triggering flow interaction provided in an embodiment of the present application. The interaction flow can include the following steps S501-S505.

[0169] Step S501: The reader sends a third message to the Internet of Things device, the third message or triggering working mode selection information in the third message being used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select a working mode.

[0170] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the Internet of Things device, the third message itself or triggering working mode selection information included in the third message being used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine a desired working mode based on a type or function. If the third message can further include information about a working mode selection condition in addition to the triggering working mode selection information, the Internet of Things device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For example, assuming that the third message includes information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition includes a threshold value, the Internet of Things device can select a working mode by comparing the threshold value with the size of the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message. For details, refer to the embodiment description of step S301 corresponding to FIG. 3A, which will not be repeated here.

[0171] Step S502: Determine a desired working mode based on the running status of the Internet of Things device.

[0172] Specifically, the IoT device determines the desired working mode (e.g., always-on mode or working cycle mode) based on its type or function. Optionally, if the third message includes information about the working mode selection condition, the IoT device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For example, if the third message includes information about the working mode selection condition, which can be a threshold value, the IoT device can determine the desired working mode by comparing the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message sent by the reader with the threshold value. Assuming that the threshold value configured by the reader is -20 decibel milliwatt (dbm) and the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message is -15 dbm, because the radio frequency power value is greater than the threshold value, the IoT device can determine the first working mode (e.g., always-on mode) as the desired working mode. If the threshold value is -20 dbm and the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message is -30 dbm, because the radio frequency power value is less than the threshold value, the IoT device can determine the second working mode (e.g., working cycle mode) as the desired working mode, and configure the cycle period and the working time length in the cycle of the second working mode based on the energy harvesting related information of the IoT device. For specific embodiments of the IoT device determining the desired working mode based on its type or function, please refer to the embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0173] Step S503: The IoT device reports the desired working mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired working mode (if any) to the reader.

[0174] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device can report the desired working mode to the reader by sending the first message. Further, if the desired working mode of the IoT device is the second working mode (e.g., working cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader can also include the parameters corresponding to the second working mode (e.g., working cycle mode), such as the cycle period and the working time length in the cycle of the working cycle mode. For specific embodiments of the IoT device reporting the desired working mode through the first message, please refer to the embodiment description of step S402 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0175] Step S504: The reader configures the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0176] Specifically, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to work in the target working mode. The target working mode can be the same as or different from the expected working mode. In addition, in the example where the target working mode is the same as the expected working mode and the expected working mode is the second working mode (for example, the working cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target working mode based on the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode reported by the IoT device. For details, refer to the embodiment description corresponding to step S302 in FIG. 3A, which will not be repeated here.

[0177] Step S505: The IoT device performs data transmission with the reader.

[0178] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the reader can determine the time window of data transmission based on the target working mode of the IoT device, to ensure the effectiveness and stability of the communication between the target IoT device and the reader. For details of the specific embodiment of the reader performing data transmission with the IoT device based on the target working mode of the IoT device, refer to the embodiment description corresponding to FIG. 3B and FIG. 3C, which will not be repeated here.

[0179] (Three) Determining the working mode of the IoT device in the two-step random access procedure.

[0180] Specifically, in the embodiment of the present application, the IoT device and the reader can perform random access through a two-step random access procedure, and determine the target working mode of the IoT device in the random access procedure. For details, refer to FIG. 6, which is a comprehensive interaction diagram of a two-step random access procedure provided in the embodiment of the present application. The interaction procedure can include the following steps S601-S604.

[0181] Step S601: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device, to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode based on a working mode selection condition.

[0182] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device transmits the message 0 or initial message in the two-step random access procedure with the reader, i.e., performs random access with the reader through the Round start message and / or the Slot start message, and the message 0 or initial message can further include trigger working mode selection information, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to perform working mode selection. Optionally, the message 0 or initial message can further include information about working mode selection conditions in addition to the trigger working mode selection information, and the IoT device can perform working mode selection based on the working mode selection conditions. For example, in the two-step random access procedure, the Round start message can be used to indicate the start of a new round, i.e., indicate that the reader and the IoT device perform a new round of random access procedure, and in the embodiments of the present application, the Round start message can also be used to trigger the IoT device to perform expected working mode selection. In the two-step random access procedure, the Slot start message can be used to indicate the start of the random access occasion, i.e., indicate that the reader and the IoT device perform random access in a specific time window, and in the embodiments of the present application, the reader can trigger the IoT device to perform working mode selection by sending the Slot start message. For specific embodiments of the present application for triggering the IoT device to perform working mode selection or triggering the IoT device to perform working mode selection based on working mode selection conditions, please refer to the corresponding embodiment descriptions of step S401 in FIG. 4 or step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.

[0183] Step S602: determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device.

[0184] Specifically, the IoT device can determine the expected working mode (e.g., always-on mode or working cycle mode) based on its type (e.g., three types of device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage mode); optionally, if the message 0 or initial message includes information about working mode selection conditions, the IoT device can perform working mode selection based on the working mode selection conditions. For specific embodiments of the IoT device determining the expected working mode based on its type or function, please refer to the corresponding embodiment descriptions of step S401 in FIG. 4 or step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.

[0185] Step S603: the IoT device sends a message A to the reader to report the expected working mode and the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode (if any).

[0186] Specifically, the IoT device transmits a message A (e.g., MsgA) in a two-step random access procedure with the reader for reporting a desired operation mode. The reporting of the desired operation mode can be explicit direct reporting or implicit reporting through a random number. Further, if the desired operation mode of the IoT device is a second operation mode (e.g., a duty cycle mode), the IoT device can further report to the reader a parameter corresponding to the second operation mode (e.g., a duty cycle mode), such as a cycle of the duty cycle mode and an on-duration in the cycle. For specific embodiments of the IoT device reporting the desired operation mode and the parameter corresponding to the desired operation mode (if any) through the message A in the two-step random access procedure, refer to the embodiment description corresponding to step S301 in FIG. 3A, which will not be repeated here.

[0187] Step S604: The reader sends a message B to the IoT device for configuring a target operation mode of the IoT device and a parameter corresponding to the configured target operation mode (if any).

[0188] Specifically, when performing the two-step random access procedure, the reader can transmit a message B (e.g., MsgB) to the IoT device, which can be used for conflict resolution and can further include information about the target operation mode or information about the target operation mode and the parameter corresponding to the target operation mode to configure the IoT device to operate in the target operation mode. The target operation mode is determined by the reader based on the desired operation mode in step S603, and the target operation mode can be the same as or different from the desired operation mode. For example, the IoT device can send a specific identifier (such as the EPC in step S603) to the reader through the message A. After receiving the message A of multiple IoT devices, the reader can select a target IoT device and send a message B to the target IoT device, which can include information about the EPC of the target IoT device. The IoT device receiving the message B can determine whether it has won the competition by comparing its EPC with the EPC in the message B. If the EPC in the message B received by the target IoT device matches its EPC, the target IoT device is determined to have won the competition in the conflict resolution and can perform the subsequent random access procedure with the reader. For specific embodiments of the reader determining the operation mode and the parameter, refer to the embodiment description of step S403 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0189] (IV) Determining the operation mode of the IoT device in a four-step random access procedure.

[0190] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the Internet of Things device and the reader can perform random access through a four-step random access process, and determine the target working mode of the Internet of Things device in the random access process. In the four-step random access process, according to the case that triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode and reporting the expected working mode in different steps, there can be three cases: the first case (triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode in the message 0 or initial message, and reporting the expected working mode through the message 3), the second case (triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode in the message 0 or initial message, and reporting the expected working mode through the message 0 or initial message), and the third case (triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode in the message 2, and reporting the expected working mode through the message 3).

[0191] In the first case, that is, triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode in the message 0 or initial message in the four-step random access process, or triggering the Internet of Things device to select the working mode and send the working mode selection condition, and reporting the expected working mode through the message 3, specific reference can be made to FIG. 7A, which is a four-step random access process comprehensive interaction diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction process can include the following steps S701A-S706A.

[0192] Step S701A: The reader sends a message 0 or initial message to the Internet of Things device, which is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select the working mode, or trigger the Internet of Things device to select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

[0193] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the reader and the Internet of Things device perform message 0 or initial message communication in the four-step random access process. The message 0 or initial message can include triggering working mode selection information, which is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode based on the type or function. If the message 0 or initial message can include information about the working mode selection condition in addition to the triggering working mode selection information, the Internet of Things device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For specific embodiments of the present application, the reader sends a message 0 or initial message to the Internet of Things device, which is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to select the working mode, or trigger the Internet of Things device to select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. Reference can be made to the embodiment description of step S601 of FIG. 6, which will not be described here.

[0194] Step S702A: The Internet of Things device sends a message 1 to the reader.

[0195] Specifically, the IoT device can perform transmission of message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access procedure with the reader, i.e., the IoT device can report a random number to the reader as an identity.

[0196] Step S703A: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device.

[0197] Specifically, the reader can send message 2 to the IoT device, which can be message 2 in the four-step random access procedure, for conflict resolution with the IoT device. For embodiments of conflict resolution in this application, please refer to the corresponding embodiment description of step S604 in FIG. 6, which will not be repeated here.

[0198] Step S704A: Determine the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device.

[0199] Specifically, the IoT device determines the expected working mode (e.g., always-on mode or working cycle mode) based on its type (e.g., three types of device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage mode); optionally, if the above message 0 or initial message can include information about working mode selection conditions in addition to the trigger working mode selection information, the IoT device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For specific embodiments of determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device, please refer to the corresponding embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4 and step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.

[0200] Step S705A: The IoT device sends message 3 to the reader for reporting the expected working mode and the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode (if any).

[0201] Specifically, the IoT device performs transmission of message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access procedure with the reader, i.e., the IoT device reports a random number to the reader as an identity, and the message 1 can carry the expected working mode of the IoT device. If the expected working mode is the working cycle mode, the IoT device can also report the information of the period of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the period to the reader through the message 1.

[0202] Step S706A: The reader sends message 4 to the IoT device for configuring the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0203] Specifically, the reader can send a message 4 to the IoT device for configuring the IoT device to work in the target working mode. The message 4 can include the target working mode determined by the reader based on the expected working mode. The target working mode can be the same as or different from the expected working mode. The message 4 can be a message 4 (Msg4) in the four-step random access procedure, i.e., the reader sends determination information to the IoT device. In addition, in the case where the target working mode is the same as the expected working mode and the expected working mode is the second working mode (e.g., the working cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target working mode based on the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode reported by the IoT device. For specific embodiments of the reader determining the working mode and the parameters, refer to the embodiment description of step S403 in FIG. 4, which is not repeated here.

[0204] Secondly, the second case is introduced, i.e., the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode in the message 0 or the initial message in the four-step random access procedure, or the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode and send the working mode selection condition, and the expected working mode is reported through the message 1. For details, refer to FIG. 7B, which is another four-step random access procedure comprehensive interaction diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction procedure can include the following steps S701B-S706B.

[0205] Step S701B: The reader sends a message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device for triggering the IoT device to select the working mode, or triggering the IoT device to select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

[0206] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device and the reader perform the transmission of the message 0 or the initial message in the four-step random access procedure, i.e., the random access procedure between the IoT device and the reader is started through the round start message and / or the slot start message, and the message 0 or the initial message can further include information about triggering the IoT device to select the working mode. The triggering working mode selection information is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the expected working mode based on the type or function. If the message 0 or the initial message includes information about the working mode selection condition in addition to the triggering working mode selection information, the IoT device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For specific embodiments of the IoT device and the reader in the embodiments of the present application transmitting the message 0 or the initial message for triggering the IoT device to select the working mode, or triggering the IoT device to select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition, refer to the embodiment description of step S601 in FIG. 6, which is not repeated here.

[0207] Step S702B: Determine the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device.

[0208] Specifically, the IoT device determines the expected working mode based on its type (e.g., three types of device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage mode), which can be the first working mode or the second working mode; optionally, if the information about the working mode selection condition is also included in the message 0 or the initial message, the IoT device can select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For specific embodiments of determining the expected working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device, please refer to the embodiment description corresponding to step S401 in FIG. 4 and step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be described here again.

[0209] Step S703B: The IoT device sends a message 1 to the reader for reporting the expected working mode and the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode (if any).

[0210] Specifically, the IoT device transmits the message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in the four-step random access procedure with the reader, i.e., the IoT device reports a random number to the reader for identity identification, and the message 1 can include information about the expected working mode of the IoT device. Further, if the expected working mode of the IoT device is the second working mode (e.g., the working cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader can also include the parameters corresponding to the second working mode (e.g., the working cycle mode), such as the period of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the period.

[0211] Step S704B: The reader sends a message 2 to the IoT device.

[0212] Specifically, the reader can send a message 2 to the IoT device, which can be the message 2 in the four-step random access procedure, for conflict resolution with the IoT device. For detailed description of the conflict resolution in the embodiments of the present application, please refer to the embodiment description corresponding to step S704A in FIG. 7A, which will not be described here again.

[0213] Step S705B: The IoT device sends a message 3 to the reader.

[0214] Specifically, the IoT device transmits the message 3 (e.g., Msg3) in the four-step random access procedure with the reader, which can be the EPC of the IoT device to the reader. The EPC code is the unique identity code of the IoT device, which is used to help the reader distinguish different IoT devices.

[0215] Step S706B: The reader sends a message 4 to the IoT device for configuring the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0216] Specifically, the reader can determine the target working mode of the IoT device based on the expected working mode reported by the IoT device in step S703B through message 1, and configure the target working mode of the IoT device by sending message 4 to the IoT device, and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any), which can be seen from the embodiment description of step S706A in FIG. 7A, and will not be repeated here.

[0217] Next, the third case is introduced, that is, the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode in message 2 in the four-step random access process, or the IoT device is triggered to select the working mode and send the working mode selection condition, and the expected working mode is reported through message 3. For details, please refer to FIG. 7C, which is another four-step random access process comprehensive interaction diagram provided in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction process can include the following steps S701C-S706C.

[0218] Step S701C: The reader sends message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0219] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device and the reader perform the transmission of message 0 or the initial message in the four-step random access process, that is, the random access with the IoT device through the Round start message and / or the Slot start message.

[0220] Step S702C: The IoT device sends message 1 to the reader.

[0221] Specifically, the IoT device and the reader perform the transmission of message 1 (e.g. Msg1) in the four-step random access process, that is, the IoT device reports a random number to the reader to generate a random access identifier, so that the reader can identify and process access requests from different IoT devices.

[0222] Step S703C: The reader sends message 2 to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select the working mode, or to trigger the IoT device to select the working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

[0223] Specifically, the reader can send a message 2 to the IoT device, which can be the message 2 in the four-step random access procedure, i.e. collision resolution. In the embodiments of the present application, the message 2 can be used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, or the message 2 can include information about triggering the working mode selection and working mode selection conditions, and the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions. For example, the IoT device sends a random access identifier (e.g. generated based on the random number in step S702C) to the reader through the message 1. After receiving the messages 1 of multiple IoT devices, the reader selects a target IoT device and sends a message 2 to the target IoT device, which can include information about the unique random number generated by the target IoT device. The IoT device receiving the message 2 can determine whether it has won the competition by comparing the random number generated by itself with the random number in the message 2. If the random number in the message 2 received by the target IoT device matches the random number generated by itself, it is determined that the target IoT device has won the competition in the collision resolution and can perform the subsequent random access procedure with the reader. For specific embodiments of the reader sending a message to the IoT device to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode, refer to the embodiment description of step S501 in FIG. 5, which will not be repeated here.

[0224] Step S704C: determining the desired working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device.

[0225] Specifically, the IoT device determines the desired working mode (e.g. the first working mode or the second working mode) based on its type (e.g. three types of device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (e.g. energy storage mode); optionally, if the message 2 includes information about the working mode selection conditions, the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection conditions. For specific embodiments of the IoT device determining the desired working mode based on its type or function, refer to the embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0226] Step S705C: the IoT device sends a message 3 to the reader to report the desired working mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired working mode (if any).

[0227] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device performs transmission of a message 1 (e.g., Msg1) in a four-step random access procedure with the reader, and reports an expected working mode. The reporting of the working mode can be direct reporting by display or implicit reporting by a random number. Further, if the expected working mode of the IoT device is a second working mode (e.g., a working cycle mode), the IoT device further reports, to the reader, a parameter corresponding to the second working mode (e.g., the working cycle mode), such as a cycle of the working cycle mode and a working time length in the cycle. For specific embodiments of the IoT device reporting the expected working mode and the parameter corresponding to the expected working mode to the reader, refer to the embodiment description of step S603 in FIG. 6, which will not be repeated here.

[0228] Step S706C: The reader sends a message 4 to the IoT device, for configuring a target working mode of the IoT device and a parameter corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0229] Specifically, the reader can determine the target working mode of the IoT device based on the expected working mode reported by the IoT device through the message 3 in step S705C, and configure the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameter corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any) by sending the message 4 to the IoT device. For specific embodiments, refer to the embodiment description of step S706A in FIG. 7A, which will not be repeated here.

[0230] (Five) Determining the working mode of the IoT device after completion of the two-step random access procedure.

[0231] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, before the IoT device sends the expected working mode to the reader, the IoT device can complete the random access procedure of the two-step random access procedure with the reader, and determine the target working mode of the IoT device based on the embodiment description of FIG. 4 or FIG. 5. For specific embodiments, refer to FIG. 8, which is a schematic diagram of a prior interaction of a two-step random access procedure provided in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction procedure can include the following steps S801-S807.

[0232] Step S801: The reader sends a message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0233] Specifically, the reader can send a message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device. The message 0 or the initial message can be a message 0 or an initial message in the two-step random access procedure.

[0234] Step S802: The IoT device sends a message A to the reader.

[0235] Specifically, the IoT device sends a message A to the reader, which can be message A in the two-step random access procedure, i.e., an EPC, which is a unique identification code of the IoT device, to help the reader distinguish different IoT devices in random access.

[0236] Step S803: The reader sends a message B to the IoT device.

[0237] Specifically, the reader can send a message B to the IoT device, which can be message B in the two-step random access procedure, to perform conflict resolution with the IoT device.

[0238] Step S804: The reader sends a third message to the IoT device, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0239] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to determine a desired working mode based on a type or a function. If the third message can further include information about a working mode selection condition in addition to the trigger working mode selection information, the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For details, refer to the embodiment description of step S301 in FIG. 3A, which will not be described here.

[0240] Step S805: Determine a desired working mode based on a running condition of the IoT device.

[0241] Specifically, the IoT device determines a desired working mode (e.g., a first working mode or a second working mode) based on a type (e.g., three types of device 1, device 2a, and device 2b) or a function (e.g., an energy storage mode) of the IoT device; optionally, if the R2D message in step S804 above further includes information about a working mode selection condition, the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For details of the IoT device determining a desired working mode, refer to the embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4 or step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be described here.

[0242] Step S806: The IoT device reports a desired working mode and a parameter corresponding to the desired working mode (if any) to the reader.

[0243] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the IoT device can send a D2R message to the reader by uplink transmission and report its expected working mode, and the D2R message can include information about the expected working mode. Further, if the expected working mode of the IoT device is the second working mode (for example, the working cycle mode), the information reported by the IoT device to the reader can also include parameters corresponding to the second working mode (for example, the working cycle mode), such as the period of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the period. For specific embodiments of the IoT device reporting the expected working mode, refer to the embodiment description of step S402 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0244] Step S807: The reader configures the target working mode of the IoT device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0245] Specifically, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the information of the expected working mode reported by the IoT device, and configure the IoT device to work in the target working mode. The target working mode can be the same as or different from the expected working mode. In addition, in the example where the target working mode is the same as the expected working mode and the expected working mode is the second working mode (for example, the working cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target working mode based on the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode reported by the IoT device. For specific embodiments, refer to the embodiment description of step S403 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0246] (Six) Determining the working mode of the IoT device after completing the four-step random access procedure.

[0247] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, before the IoT device sends the expected working mode to the reader, the IoT device can complete the random access process of the four-step random access procedure with the reader, and determine the target working mode of the IoT device based on the embodiment description of FIG. 4 or FIG. 5. For specific embodiments, refer to FIG. 9, which is a schematic diagram of an interaction before the four-step random access procedure in the embodiments of the present application. The interaction procedure can include the following steps S901-S908.

[0248] Step S901: The reader sends a message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device.

[0249] Specifically, the reader can send a message 0 or an initial message to the IoT device, and the message 0 or the initial message can be a message 0 or an initial message in the four-step random access procedure.

[0250] Step S902: The IoT device sends a message 1 to the reader.

[0251] Specifically, the IoT device can send a message 1 to the reader, which can be the message 1 in the four-step random access procedure, i.e., a random number.

[0252] Step S903: The reader sends a message 2 to the IoT device.

[0253] Specifically, the reader can send a message 2 to the IoT device, which can be the message 2 in the four-step random access procedure, for conflict resolution with the IoT device.

[0254] Step S904: The IoT device sends a message 3 to the reader.

[0255] Specifically, the IoT device can send a message 3 to the reader, which can be the message 3 in the four-step random access procedure, i.e., the IoT device sends its own EPC to the reader.

[0256] Step S905: The reader sends a third message to the IoT device, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to select a working mode.

[0257] Specifically, the reader can send a third message to the IoT device, which can be used to trigger the IoT device to determine a desired working mode based on the type or function. If the third message can further include information about the working mode selection condition in addition to the trigger working mode selection information, the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For details, please refer to the embodiment description of step S301 in FIG. 3A, which will not be described here.

[0258] Step S906: Determine a desired working mode based on the running condition of the IoT device.

[0259] Specifically, the IoT device determines a desired working mode based on its type (e.g., three types of device 1, device 2a and device 2b) or function (e.g., energy storage mode), which can be the first working mode or the second working mode; optionally, if the R2D message in step S905 above includes information about the working mode selection condition, the IoT device can select a working mode based on the working mode selection condition. For details of the IoT device determining a desired working mode based on its type or function, please refer to the embodiment description of step S401 in FIG. 4 or step S502 in FIG. 5, which will not be described here.

[0260] Step S907: The IoT device reports the desired working mode and the parameters corresponding to the desired working mode (if any) to the reader.

[0261] Specifically, in the embodiments of the present application, the Internet of Things device can send a D2R message to the reader in an uplink transmission manner, and the D2R message can include information about the expected working mode. If the expected working mode is the second working mode, the D2R message can also include information about the period of the working cycle mode and the working time length in the period. For specific embodiments of the Internet of Things device reporting the expected working mode, please refer to the embodiment description of step S402 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0262] Step S908: The reader configures the target working mode of the Internet of Things device and the parameters corresponding to the configured target working mode (if any).

[0263] Specifically, the reader can determine the target working mode based on the expected working mode reported by the Internet of Things device, and configure the Internet of Things device to work in the target working mode. The target working mode can be the same as or different from the expected working mode. In addition, in the example where the target working mode is the same as the expected working mode and the expected working mode is the second working mode (for example, the working cycle mode), the reader can determine the parameters corresponding to the target working mode based on the parameters corresponding to the expected working mode reported by the Internet of Things device. For specific embodiment description, please refer to the embodiment description of step S403 in FIG. 4, which will not be repeated here.

[0264] It can be understood that when one reader corresponds to multiple Internet of Things devices, that is, after multiple Internet of Things devices and the reader perform the above-mentioned communication interaction processes described in FIGS. 3A-9, the Internet of Things devices can work in the corresponding working mode based on the working mode determined by the above-mentioned communication interaction processes, and report various Internet of Things device state information to the reader. For example, when the message sent by the Internet of Things device to the reader includes information about the unique identifier of the Internet of Things device and the current running condition, the inventory function between the reader and the Internet of Things device can be completed.

[0265] The above describes the method of the embodiments of the present application in detail. Next, a related device of the embodiments of the present application is provided.

[0266] Please refer to FIG. 10, which is a structural schematic diagram of a first communication device provided by the embodiments of the present application. The first communication device 100 can be an Internet of Things device, and the first communication device 100 can include a first message receiving and sending unit 1001, a first working mode determining unit 1002, and a first random access unit 1003. The detailed description of each unit is as follows.

[0267] The first message receiving and sending unit 1001 is configured to send a first message to a reader, wherein the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0268] In a possible implementation, the first message receiving unit 1001 is specifically configured to:

[0269] receive a second message sent by the reader, the second message comprising second indication information, the second indication information being used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, the target working mode being determined by the reader based on the expected working mode;

[0270] The first message receiving unit 1001 is specifically configured to:

[0271] receive a third message sent by the reader, the third message being used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine an expected working mode.

[0272] In a possible implementation, the third message comprises information about working mode selection conditions; the first message receiving unit 1001 is specifically configured to:

[0273] The Internet of Things device performs working mode selection based on the information about working mode selection conditions.

[0274] In a possible implementation, the third message is a message 0 or an initial message Initial msg in a two-step random access procedure, or is a message 0 or an initial message or a message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0275] In a possible implementation, the first message is a message A in a two-step random access procedure or is a message 1 or a message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0276] In a possible implementation, the second message is a message B in a two-step random access procedure or is a message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

[0277] The first working mode determining unit 1002 configures the Internet of Things device to work in the target working mode based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information.

[0278] In a possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further comprises a working cycle mode parameter, the working cycle mode parameter comprising one or more of a period of a working cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working duration in the period, and a starting moment of the period; the first working mode determining unit 1002 is specifically configured to:

[0279] The target working mode indicated by the second indication information is configured by using the working cycle mode parameter, and the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode.

[0280] In a possible implementation, the type is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device; or the type is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device and a communication mode between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

[0281] In a possible implementation, the apparatus further includes:

[0282] In a possible implementation, the first determining mode unit 1002, if the information about the mode selection condition includes a threshold value, is specifically configured to:

[0283] determine the first mode as the expected mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value.

[0284] determine the second mode as the expected mode of the Internet of Things device in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value.

[0285] In a possible implementation, the expected mode is the first mode or the second mode; the first mode is an Always ON mode; and the second mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0286] In a possible implementation, if the expected mode is the second mode, the first message further includes a period of the Duty-cycle mode and an active time within the period, and the period of the Duty-cycle mode and the active time within the period are determined based on one or more of the following information: energy storage function, charging efficiency, type of the Internet of Things device, and distance from the charging node.

[0287] In a possible implementation, if the target mode is the second mode, the second message further includes a Duty-cycle mode parameter, the Duty-cycle mode parameter including one or more of the following: a period of the Duty-cycle mode corresponding to the target mode, an active time within the period, and a start time of the period; and the first determining mode unit 1002 is specifically configured to:

[0288] determine the target mode based on the second indication information, and determine the Internet of Things device to work in the target mode based on the Duty-cycle mode parameter.

[0289] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader.

[0290] The first random access unit 1003 is configured to complete a random access process of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure with the reader.

[0291] The above describes the method of the embodiments of the application in detail, and another related device of the embodiments of the application is provided below.

[0292] Referring to FIG. 11, FIG. 11 is a structural schematic diagram of a second communication device provided by the embodiments of the application. The second communication device 101 can be a reader. The second communication device 101 can include a second message receiving and sending unit 1011, a second working mode determining unit 1012, and a second random access unit 1013. Details of each unit are described as follows.

[0293] The second message receiving and sending unit 1011 is configured to receive a first message sent by the Internet of Things device, where the first message includes first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate an expected working mode of the Internet of Things device.

[0294] In a possible implementation, the second message receiving and sending unit 1011 is specifically configured to:

[0295] send a second message to the Internet of Things device, where the second message includes the second indication information.

[0296] In a possible implementation, the second message receiving and sending unit 1011 is specifically configured to:

[0297] send a third message to the Internet of Things device, where the third message is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode.

[0298] In a possible implementation, the third message includes information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition is used to indicate the Internet of Things device to determine the expected working mode.

[0299] The second working mode determining unit 1012 is configured to determine second indication information based on the first indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined based on the expected working mode.

[0300] In a possible implementation, the expected working mode is a first working mode or a second working mode. The first working mode is an Always ON mode, and the second working mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

[0301] In a possible implementation, if the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further includes a cycle of the duty cycle mode and a working duration within the cycle, and the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle are determined based on one or more of the following information: energy storage function, charging efficiency, type of the Internet of Things device, and distance from the charging node.

[0302] In a possible implementation, if the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further includes a duty cycle mode parameter, and the duty cycle mode parameter includes one or more of the following: a cycle of the duty cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working duration within the cycle, and a cycle start time; and the second determining working mode unit 1012 is specifically configured to:

[0303] determine the duty cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the duty cycle mode and the working duration within the cycle.

[0304] In a possible implementation, the first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the Internet of Things device to the reader.

[0305] The second random access unit 1013 is configured to complete a random access process of a two-step random access procedure or a four-step random access procedure for the Internet of Things device.

[0306] Referring to FIG. 12, FIG. 12 is a structural schematic diagram of another Internet of Things device provided by an embodiment of the present application. Exemplarily, the Internet of Things device 1200 includes at least one processor 1201 and a memory 1202. The processor 1201 is coupled with the memory 1202. The coupling in the embodiment of the present application can be a communication connection, can be electrical, or other forms. Specifically, the memory 1202 is configured to store program instructions. The processor 1201 is configured to invoke the program instructions stored in the memory 1202, so that the Internet of Things device 1200 performs the steps performed by the Internet of Things device 1200 in the communication method provided by the embodiment of the present application. The related steps are described above, and will not be described here.

[0307] It should be noted that the Internet of Things device 1200 provided by the embodiment of the present application can include more or fewer components than those shown, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or different arrangement of components. The components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination of software and hardware.

[0308] Please refer to FIG. 13, which is a structural schematic diagram of another reader provided in an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 13, the reader 1300 includes at least one processor 1301 and a memory 1302. The processor 1301 is coupled with the memory 1302. The coupling in the embodiment of the present application can be a communication connection, can be electrical, or other forms. Specifically, the memory 1302 is configured to store program instructions. The processor 1301 is configured to invoke the program instructions stored in the memory 1302, so that the reader 1300 performs the steps performed by the reader 1300 in the communication method provided in the embodiment of the present application. The related steps are described above, and will not be described here.

[0309] It should be noted that the reader 1300 provided in the embodiment of the present application can include more or fewer components than those shown, or combine certain components, or split certain components, or different arrangement of components. The components shown can be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination of software and hardware.

[0310] It should be understood that each step in the above method embodiment can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or the instruction in the form of software. The method steps disclosed in the embodiment of the present application can be directly embodied as hardware processor execution completion, or executed by the combination of hardware and software in the processor.

[0311] The present application also provides an electronic device, which can include a memory and a processor. The memory can be configured to store a computer program; and the processor can be configured to invoke the computer program in the memory, so that the electronic device performs the method executed by the electronic device in any one of the above embodiments.

[0312] The present application also provides a chip system, which includes at least one processor for implementing the functions related to the electronic device side in any one of the above embodiments.

[0313] In a possible design, the chip system further includes a memory configured to store program instructions and data, and the memory is located in the processor or outside the processor.

[0314] The chip system can be composed of a chip, or can include a chip and other discrete devices.

[0315] Optionally, the processor in the chip system can be one or more. The processor can be implemented by hardware or software. When implemented by hardware, the processor can be a logic circuit, an integrated circuit, etc. When implemented by software, the processor can be a general-purpose processor, which is configured to read software codes stored in the memory to implement the functions.

[0316] Optionally, the memory in the chip system can also be one or more. The memory can be integrated with the processor, or can be arranged separately from the processor, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited. Exemplarily, the memory can be a non-transient processor, for example, a read-only memory (ROM), which can be integrated on the same chip as the processor, or can be arranged on different chips respectively, and the embodiments of the present application do not make specific limitations on the type of memory and the arrangement manner of the memory and the processor.

[0317] Exemplarily, the chip system can be a field programmable gate array (FPGA), can be an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), can also be a system on chip (SoC), can also be a central processor unit (CPU), can also be a network processor (NP), can also be a digital signal processor (DSP), can also be a micro controller unit (MCU), can also be a programmable logic device (PLD) or other integrated chip.

[0318] The present application also provides a computer program product, which comprises a computer program (also referred to as code or instruction), which, when executed, causes a computer to perform the method executed by the electronic device side in any one of the above embodiments.

[0319] The present application also provides a computer readable storage medium, which stores a computer program (also referred to as code or instruction). When the computer program is executed, it causes a computer to perform the method executed by the electronic device side in any one of the above embodiments. The embodiments of the present application can be combined arbitrarily to achieve different technical effects.

[0320] In the above embodiments, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the embodiments can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer program instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the present application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network or other programmable apparatus. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. integrated with one or more available media sets. The available media can be a magnetic medium (for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a magnetic tape), an optical medium (for example, a DVD), or a semiconductor medium (for example, a solid state disk (SSD)) and the like.

[0321] Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing relevant hardware, which can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the program is executed, it can include the processes of the above method embodiments. The aforementioned storage medium includes ROM or random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and various media that can store program codes.

[0322] In summary, the above only describes the embodiments of the technical solutions of the present application, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made according to the disclosure of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A communication method characterized by comprising: The method is applied to an Internet of Things device, and comprises the following steps: sending a first message to a reader, wherein the first message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate a desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; receiving a second message sent by the reader, wherein the second message comprises second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the Internet of Things device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the desired working mode; based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device works in the target working mode.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, Before the step of sending the first message to the reader, the method further comprises the following steps: receiving a third message sent by the reader, and the third message is used to trigger the Internet of Things device to determine the desired working mode.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Before the step of sending the first message to the reader, the method further comprises the following steps: determining the desired working mode based on a running condition of the Internet of Things device, wherein the running condition comprises one or more of a type of the Internet of Things device or a function of the Internet of Things device, and the function comprises an energy storage mode of the Internet of Things device.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on power consumption of the Internet of Things device; or the type of the Internet of Things device is determined based on the power consumption of the Internet of Things device and a communication mode between the Internet of Things device and the reader.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein, The third message comprises information about a working mode selection condition; and the method further comprises the following steps: determining the desired working mode based on the working mode selection condition.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein, The information about the working mode selection condition comprises a threshold value; and the step of determining the desired working mode based on the working mode selection condition comprises the following steps: in response to a radio frequency power value corresponding to the third message being greater than the threshold value, determining a first working mode as the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device; in response to the radio frequency power value being less than or equal to the threshold value, determining a second working mode as the desired working mode of the Internet of Things device.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The desired working mode is the first working mode or the second working mode; the first working mode is an Always ON mode; and the second working mode is a Duty-cycle mode.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, If the desired working mode is the second working mode, the first message further comprises a period of the Duty-cycle mode and a working time length within the period, and the period of the Duty-cycle mode and the working time length within the period are determined based on one or more of an energy storage function, a charging efficiency, a type of the Internet of Things device, and a distance between the Internet of Things device and a charging node.

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, If the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further comprises a Duty-cycle mode parameter, and the Duty-cycle mode parameter comprises one or more of a period of a Duty-cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, a working time length within the period, and a starting time of the period. The step of, based on the target working mode indicated by the second indication information, the Internet of Things device working in the target working mode, comprises the following steps: The IoT device works in the target working mode by configuring the target working mode indicated by the second indication information according to the working cycle mode parameter.

10. The method according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized in that, The third message is a message 0 or an initial message Initial msg in a two-step random access procedure, or a message 0 or an initial message or a message 2 in a four-step random access procedure.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, The first message is a message A in a two-step random access procedure or a message 1 or a message 3 in a four-step random access procedure.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1-11, characterized in that, The second message is a message B in a two-step random access procedure or a message 4 in a four-step random access procedure.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method further comprises, before the step of receiving the first message sent by the IoT device: The random access procedure of the two-step random access procedure or the four-step random access procedure is completed for the reader.

14. The method of any one of claims 1-13, wherein, The first indication information is a random number, and the random number is used to indicate the expected working mode of the IoT device to the reader.

15. A method of communication, comprising: The method applied to the reader comprises: Receiving a first message sent by an IoT device, wherein the first message comprises first indication information, and the first indication information is used to indicate an expected working mode of the IoT device; Sending a second message to the IoT device, wherein the second message comprises second indication information, and the second indication information is used to indicate a target working mode of the IoT device, and the target working mode is determined by the reader based on the expected working mode.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The method further comprises, before the step of receiving the first message sent by the IoT device: Sending a third message to the IoT device, wherein the third message is used to trigger the IoT device to determine the expected working mode.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The third message comprises information about a working mode selection condition, and the working mode selection condition is used for the IoT device to determine the expected working mode.

18. The method according to any one of claims 15-17, characterized by, The expected working mode is a first working mode or a second working mode, the first working mode is an always-on mode Always ON, and the second working mode is a duty-cycle mode.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein, If the expected working mode is the second working mode, the first message further comprises a cycle of the duty-cycle mode and a working duration in the cycle, and the cycle of the duty-cycle mode and the working duration in the cycle are determined based on one or more of the following information: energy storage function, charging efficiency, type of the IoT device, and distance from a charging node.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein, If the target working mode is the second working mode, the second message further comprises a duty-cycle mode parameter, and the duty-cycle mode parameter comprises one or more of the following: cycle of the duty-cycle mode corresponding to the target working mode, working duration in the cycle, and cycle start time. The method further comprises: Determining the duty-cycle mode parameter based on the cycle of the duty-cycle mode and the working duration in the cycle.

21. A communications device, characterized by The communication device comprises a processor and a storage medium, and the storage medium stores instructions, and the instructions are run by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20. The communication device comprises a processor and a storage medium, and the storage medium stores instructions, and the instructions are run by the processor to implement the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20.

22. A computer program product, characterised in that, The computer program product comprises instructions which, when executed by a processor, cause the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20 to be implemented.

23. A computer storage medium, comprising, The computer storage medium stores a computer program which, when executed by a processor, implements the method according to any one of claims 1-14 or 15-20.

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