Monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure
By configuring monitoring windows based on device type and capabilities, the challenge of excessive power consumption and reduced efficiency in IoT device communication is addressed, enhancing communication success and efficiency.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/112895
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-07
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-12
AI Technical Summary
In wireless communication systems, particularly for ambient IoT devices with limited capabilities, the challenge lies in efficiently configuring monitoring windows for contention-based access procedures due to varying device types, which leads to excessive power consumption and reduced communication efficiency.
A network entity configures monitoring windows based on device type and capabilities, tailoring the duration and starting point of these windows to optimize power usage and improve communication success rates for IoT devices.
This approach reduces power consumption and enhances the likelihood of successful communication by aligning monitoring windows with device capabilities, thereby improving communication efficiency and reducing power wastage.
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Figure CN2025112895_12022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MONITORING WINDOW FOR A CONTENTION-BASED ACCESS PROCEDURECROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This patent application claims priority to Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 110276, filed on August 7, 2024, entitled “MONITORING WINDOW FOR A CONTENTION-BASED ACCESS PROCEDURE” which is assigned to the assignee hereof. PCT Application No. PCT / CN2024 / 110276 is incorporated by reference into this patent application in its entirety. FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE
[0002] Aspects of the present disclosure generally relate to wireless communication and specifically relate to techniques, apparatuses, and methods associated with a monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure. INTRODUCTION
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various services that may include carrying voice, text, messaging, video, data, and / or other traffic. The services may include unicast, multicast, and / or broadcast services, among other examples. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access radio access technologies (RATs) capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (for example, time domain resources, frequency domain resources, spatial domain resources, and / or device transmit power, among other examples) . Examples of such multiple-access RATs include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] The above multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable different wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, or global level. An example telecommunication standard is New Radio (NR) . NR, which may also be referred to as 5G, is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . NR (and other mobile broadband evolutions beyond NR) may be designed to better support Internet of things (IoT) and reduced capability device deployments, industrial connectivity, millimeter wave (mmWave) expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployment, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication technologies (for example, cellular vehicle-to-everything (CV2X) communication) , massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) , disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansions, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, and / or radio frequency (RF) sensing, among other examples. As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, further improvements in NR may be implemented, and other radio access technologies such as 6G may be introduced, to further advance mobile broadband evolution.SUMMARY
[0005] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0006] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity.
[0007] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes receiving, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmitting, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and receiving, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0008] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and transmitting, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity.
[0009] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of a first network entity, cause the first network entity to: receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0010] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having instructions for wireless communication stored thereon that, when executed by one or more processors of a first network entity, cause the first network entity to: transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity.
[0011] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and means for receiving, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0012] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; means for receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and means for transmitting, to the first network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0013] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: transmit a first ambient Internet-of-things (A-IoT) access procedure communication; and receive, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0014] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and receiving, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0015] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: transmit a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and receive, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0016] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and means for receiving, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication; and means for receiving, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0017] In some aspects, a first network entity includes a processing system configured to: receive a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and transmit, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0018] In some aspects, a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity includes receiving a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and transmitting, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0019] In some aspects, a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon that, when executed by a first network entity, causes the first network entity to: receive a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and transmit, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0020] In some aspects, an apparatus for wireless communication includes means for receiving a first A-IoT access procedure communication; and means for receiving, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication; and means for transmitting, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0021] Some aspects described herein relate to a first network entity. The first network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to transmit a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The processing system may be configured to monitor, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0022] Some aspects described herein relate to a first network entity. The first network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may be configured to transmit a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The processing system may be configured to refrain from monitoring, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0023] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity. The method may include transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The method may include monitoring for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0024] Some aspects described herein relate to a method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity. The method may include transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The method may include refraining from monitoring, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0025] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to transmit a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to monitor for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0026] Some aspects described herein relate to a non-transitory computer-readable medium having code stored thereon. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to transmit a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The code, when executed by a network entity, may cause the network entity to refrain from monitoring, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0027] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The apparatus may include means for monitoring for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0028] Some aspects described herein relate to an apparatus for wireless communication. The apparatus may include means for transmitting a first A-IoT access procedure communication. The apparatus may include means for refraining from monitoring, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0029] Aspects generally include a method, apparatus, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, network entity, network node, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0030] The foregoing broadly outlines example features and example technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure. Additional example features and example advantages are described hereinafter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] The appended drawings illustrate certain example aspects of this disclosure and are therefore not limiting in scope. The same reference numbers in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.
[0032] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment in which apparatuses and / or methods described herein may be implemented, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0033] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0034] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example network node in communication with an example user equipment (UE) in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0035] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0036] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples associated with different types of ambient Internet-of-things (A-IoT) devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0037] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with backscatter communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0038] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example associated with an access procedure for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0039] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example associated with a monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0040] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams of an example associated with a common monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0041] Fig. 10 is a diagram of an example associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0042] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0043] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example associated with a common monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0044] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0045] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0046] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0047] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0048] Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0049] In some examples, a network entity (e.g., a user equipment (UE) or other wireless communication device) may be an Internet of things (IoT) device. Some IoT devices, such as ambient IoT (A-IoT) devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , may be associated with a relatively simple hardware design that may be designed to use low power and be implementable at low cost. A-IoT technology may include passive IoT (such as New Radio (NR) passive IoT for 5G Advanced) , semi-passive IoT, active IoT, or ultra-light IoT. In passive IoT, a terminal (such as a tag or a similar device) may not include a battery or other long-term energy storage, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. In some examples, the terminal may accumulate solar or other energy to supplement accumulated energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, backscattering communication may be implemented at a type of passive (or semi-passive) IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device, ” which may modulate by reflecting radio signal from an RF source to convey data. Some IoT devices may be referred to as semi-passive IoT devices. At a semi-passive IoT device, communication between a reader and the IoT device does not need to be preceded by an energy harvesting waveform. For example, a semi-passive IoT device may include a battery or similar energy source that can power the semi-passive IoT device. Some IoT devices may be referred to as active IoT devices. An active IoT device may have a battery or similar energy source and an active radio, allowing for active transmission and reception without energy harvesting or backscattering. A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with industrial sensors, for which battery replacement may be prohibitively difficult or undesirable (such as for safety monitoring or fault detection in smart factories, infrastructures, or environments) . Additionally, features of A-IoT devices, such as low cost, small size, simple or infrequent maintenance, durability, and long lifespan, may facilitate smart logistics and warehousing (for example, in connection with automated asset management) . Furthermore, A-IoT technology may be useful in connection with smart home networks for household item management, wearable devices, or similar applications.
[0050] In some examples, an A-IoT device may communicate with a reader (for example, a UE, a network node, a network entity, or another reader) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from a radio frequency (RF) source (for example, a network node, a UE, or another network entity) . In some examples, the RF source and the reader may be the same device and / or may be co-located. The reader may be unaware of which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available for communication in a given area and / or at a given time. Therefore, the reader may perform a channel access procedure to identify, locate, and / or establish a communication connection with one or more A-IoT devices.
[0051] To initiate the access procedure, the reader may transmit a first access procedure communication for the access procedure. The first access procedure communication may be referred to as an inventory trigger communication, a message 0, an msg. 0, among other examples. The first access procedure communication may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include a command (i.e., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the reader) . The reader may transmit the inventory trigger communication to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time (e.g., to trigger the A-IoT device (s) to initiate the access procedure) .
[0052] One or more A-IoT devices may transmit, and the reader may receive, a second access procedure communication for the access procedure. The second access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 1, an msg. 1, and / or an inventory trigger response, among other examples. For example, the A-IoT device (s) may receive the inventory trigger communication and identify that the A-IoT device 710 is to respond to the first access procedure communication based on, or otherwise associated with, the inventory trigger communication including the identifier (s) of the A-IoT device (s) . The msg. 1 may include a preamble or other unique sequence (sometimes referred to as a preamble) .
[0053] The reader may transmit, and the A-IoT device (s) may receive, a third access procedure communication. The third access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 2, an msg. 2, and / or a random access response, among other examples. The third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the sequence included in the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device (s) . Additionally, or alternatively, the msg. 2 may include information indicative of the detected frequency shift applied to the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device.
[0054] The A-IoT device (s) may transmit, and the reader may receive, a fourth access procedure communication. The fourth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 3, an msg. 3, and / or a connection request message, among other examples. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit the msg. 3 based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with detecting the msg. 2 that includes information indicative of the sequence transmitted by the A-IoT device (e.g., in the msg. 1) and / or of the frequency shift applied by the A-IoT device to the msg. 1 transmission. The msg. 3 may include information indicative of a device type, an identifier, a group, and / or other information about the A-IoT device. The reader may use the information included in the fourth access procedure communication for contention resolution.
[0055] The reader may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, a fifth access procedure communication. The fifth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 4, an msg. 4, and / or a connection setup message, among other examples. In some examples, the fifth access procedure communication may include the detected A-IoT device identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. The reader and the A-IoT device may establish a communication connection based on, or otherwise associated with, the communication of the fifth access procedure communication.
[0056] As described herein, to improve communication efficiency, multiple A-IoT devices may transmit a response to the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 and / or the inventory trigger communication) . For example, multiple A-IoT devices may transmit msg. 1 communications to the reader. The multiple responses may be multiplexed in the time domain, the frequency domain, and / or the code domain, among other examples (e.g., the multiple responses may be time division multiplexed, frequency division multiplexed, and / or code division multiplexed) . The reader may transmit multiple responses (e.g., multiple msg. 2 communications) for respective msg. 1 communications of the multiple msg. 1 communications received by the reader. However, the reader may be unable to multiplex the multiple msg. 2 communications because of the limited capabilities of A-IoT devices (e.g., the A-IoT devices may be unable to perform a filtering operation for multiplexed communications) .
[0057] Therefore, the multiple A-IoT devices that transmit msg. 1 communications to the reader may need to monitor for a msg. 2 communication from the reader for a relatively long period of time (e.g., because the reader may not multiplex the multiple msg. 2 communications due to the reduced or limited capabilities of the A-IoT devices) . The monitoring for a msg. 2 communication from the reader may consume significant power resources of the A-IoT devices (e.g., which may have limited power supplies or available power resources) . However, reducing or narrowing the monitoring window for the msg. 2 communications may be difficult because different types of A-IoT devices may have different monitoring capabilities. For example, device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type A-IoT devices (e.g., described in more detail elsewhere herein) may have different monitoring capabilities. The reader may be unaware of which type of devices will transmit the msg. 1 communications to the reader. Therefore, configuring an appropriate monitoring window (s) for the msg. 2 communications from the reader may be difficult because the appropriate monitoring window (s) may be based on, or otherwise associated with, the type (s) of A-IoT devices that transmit the msg. 1 communications to the reader (e.g., which may be difficult to predict or identify by the reader) .
[0058] Various aspects relate generally to monitoring window (s) for a contention-based access procedure. Some aspects more specifically relate to defining one or more monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure for A-IoT devices. In some aspects, a reader (e.g., a network entity) may transmit an inventory trigger communication (e.g., an msg. 0) that includes information indicative of a set of network entities (e.g., a set of A-IoT devices) , such as identifier of respective A-IoT devices or an indication of a group or type of A-IoT device. The inventor trigger communication may trigger or initiate an access procedure (e.g., a contention-based access procedure) for A-IoT device (s) and the reader. The inventory trigger communication (e.g., an msg. 0) may include information indicative of a monitoring window for the access procedure (e.g., a monitoring window for one or more msg. 2 communications) . An A-IoT device that respond to the inventory trigger communication (e.g., that transmits an msg. 1 communication as part of the access procedure) may identify a monitoring window for the msg. 2 communication based on, or otherwise associated with the information in the inventory trigger communication, an access occasion used by the A-IoT device (s) to transmit the msg. 1 communication, a transmission timing of the msg. 1 communication, and / or a type or group of the A-IoT device, among other examples.
[0059] In some aspects, the access procedure may be associated with (e.g., limited to) a given type or group of A-IoT device (e.g., the access procedure may be associated with only one of device 1 type A-IoT devices, device 2A type A-IoT devices, or device 2B type A-IoT device) . In other aspects, the access procedure may be associated with multiple (or any) types or groups of A-IoT devices. In some aspects, the msg. 2, the msg. 3, and the msg. 4 for a given A-IoT device (or group of A-IoT devices) may be time division multiplexed (such that the msg. 2, the msg. 3, and the msg. 4 occur without interruption or intervening access procedure messages for other A-IoT devices or other groups of A-IoT devices) . In such examples, the monitoring window may be common for all A-IoT devices that transmit a msg. 1 in response to the inventory trigger communication (e.g., all A-IoT devices may use the same monitoring window with the same duration) . A timing or start of the monitoring window may be indicated relative to a timing of msg. 1 transmissions by respective A-IoT devices or relative to a timing of a last access occasion (last in time) configured for the access procedure. In other aspects, there may be multiple monitoring windows corresponding to respective A-IoT devices, respective types of A-IoT devices, respective msg. 1 communications, and / or respective access occasions, among other examples. For example, monitoring windows may be configured or indicate per msg. 1 transmission or per subset of msg. 1 transmission (e.g., a subset of msg. 1 transmission may include msg. 1 transmissions that are transmitted using the same time resources and / or the same frequency resources) .
[0060] In some aspects, the reader may transmit a single communication (e.g., a single msg. 2) that includes messages for respective A-IoT devices that transmit msg. 1 communications to the reader. In such examples, the monitoring window may be common for all A-IoT devices. In other aspects, the monitoring window may be different for different A-IoT devices or different types of A-IoT devices (e.g., a starting time and / or duration of the monitoring window for the single communication may be different for different A-IoT devices or different types of A-IoT devices) .
[0061] Although some examples are described herein in connection with an access procedure for A-IoT devices, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of devices, such as IoT devices, reduced capability UEs, machine type communication UEs, and / or other devices having limited or reduced capabilities (e.g., as compared to a baseline device or baseline UE) . Additionally, although some examples are described herein in connection with a four-step access procedure, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure (e.g., in which msg. 1 and msg. 3 are transmitted together) or a three-step access procedure (e.g., in which msg. 4 is not transmitted) . For example, the monitoring window (s) described herein may be applicable to any access procedure communication from a reader to an A-IoT device as part of a contention-based A-IoT access procedure.
[0062] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by the reader configuring or indicating the monitoring window (s) as described herein, the described techniques can be used to improve the likelihood that A-IoT devices (e.g., having different capabilities) are able to successfully detect and / or receive one or more access procedure communications (e.g., a msg. 2 communication) . This improves the likelihood that the A-IoT device (s) can successfully perform the access procedure, thereby improving the ability of the reader to identify and / or locate A-IoT devices. In some aspects, by the reader configuring or indicating a common monitoring window, the complexity associated with A-IoT devices identifying the monitoring window may be reduced.
[0063] In some aspects, by the reader configuring or indicating a monitoring windows for respective msg. 1 transmissions, respective A-IoT devices, and / or respective types of A-IoT device, the duration and / or starting point of the monitoring windows may be tailored to a given A-IoT (or subset of A-IoT devices) that is monitoring for a given msg. 2 communication. This enables the reader to define, configure, and / or indicate a duration and / or starting point of a given monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, capabilities of a given A-IoT device. This reduces the amount of time that the A-IoT device is monitoring for the msg. 2 communication (e.g., because the A-IoT with improved monitoring capabilities or clock drift capabilities may be indicated or configured with a shorter duration of the monitoring window and / or because the monitoring window may not span time periods during which access procedure messages for other A-IoT devices are being communicated) , thereby conserving power resources of the A-IoT device. Additionally, this may improve the likelihood that the A-IoT device is able to detect and / or receive the msg. 2 communication because the monitoring window may be configured with a duration that is based on the monitoring capabilities or clock drift capabilities of that A-IoT device.
[0064] Various aspects of the disclosure are described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings. This disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to any specific structure, function, example, aspect, or the like presented throughout this disclosure. This disclosure includes, for example, any aspect disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or combined with any other aspect of the disclosure. For example, an apparatus may be implemented or a method may be practiced using any number of the aspects set forth herein. In addition, the scope of the disclosure includes such an apparatus or method which is practiced using other structure, functionality, or structure and functionality in addition to or other than the various aspects of the disclosure set forth herein. Any aspect of the disclosure disclosed herein may be embodied by one or more elements of a claim.
[0065] Aspects and examples generally include a method, apparatus, network node, network entity, system, computer program product, non-transitory computer-readable medium, user equipment, base station, wireless communication device, and / or processing system as described or substantially described herein with reference to and as illustrated by the drawings and specification.
[0066] This disclosure may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the example concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated example advantages, are described in the following description and in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0067] While aspects are described in the present disclosure by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art understand that such aspects may be implemented in many different arrangements and scenarios. Techniques described herein may be implemented using different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and / or packaging arrangements. For example, some aspects may be implemented via integrated chip embodiments or other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, and / or artificial intelligence devices) . Aspects may be implemented in chip-level components, modular components, non-modular components, non-chip-level components, device-level components, and / or system-level components. Devices incorporating described example aspects and example features may include additional example components and example features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspects. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals may include one or more components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders, and / or summers) . Aspects described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, components, systems, distributed arrangements, and / or end-user devices of varying size, shape, and constitution.
[0068] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatuses and techniques. These apparatuses and techniques are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, or the like (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using hardware, software, or combinations thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0069] Multiple-access RATs have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide common protocols that enable wireless communication devices to communicate on a municipal, enterprise, national, regional, or global level. For example, 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . 5G NR supports various technologies and use cases including enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) , massive machine-type communication (mMTC) , millimeter wave (mmWave) technology, beamforming, network slicing, edge computing, Internet of Things (IoT) connectivity and management, and network function virtualization (NFV) .
[0070] As the demand for broadband access increases and as technologies supported by wireless communication networks evolve, further technological improvements may be adopted in or implemented for 5G NR or future RATs, such as 6G, to further advance the evolution of wireless communication for a wide variety of existing and new use cases and applications. Such technological improvements may be associated with new frequency band expansion, licensed and unlicensed spectrum access, overlapping spectrum use, small cell deployments, non-terrestrial network (NTN) deployments, disaggregated network architectures and network topology expansion, device aggregation, advanced duplex communication, sidelink and other device-to-device direct communication, IoT (including passive or ambient IoT) networks, reduced capability (RedCap) UE functionality, industrial connectivity, multiple-subscriber implementations, high-precision positioning, RF sensing, and / or artificial intelligence or machine learning (AI / ML) , among other examples. These technological improvements may support use cases such as wireless backhauls, wireless data centers, extended reality (XR) and metaverse applications, meta services for supporting vehicle connectivity, holographic and mixed reality communication, autonomous and collaborative robots, vehicle platooning and cooperative maneuvering, sensing networks, gesture monitoring, human-brain interfacing, digital twin applications, asset management, and universal coverage applications using non-terrestrial and / or aerial platforms, among other examples. The methods, operations, apparatuses, and techniques described herein may enable one or more of the foregoing technologies and / or support one or more of the foregoing use cases.
[0071] Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example environment 100 in which apparatuses and / or methods described herein may be implemented, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the environment 100 may include a network entity 102, a network entity 104, and a network entity 106, that may communicate with one another via a network 108. The network entities 102, 104, and 106, may be dispersed throughout the network 108, and each network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be stationary and / or mobile. The network 108 may include wired communication connections, wireless communication connections, or a combination of wired and wireless communication connections.
[0072] The network 108 may include, for example, a cellular network (e.g., a Long-Term Evolution (LTE) network, a code division multiple access (CDMA) network, a 4G network, a 5G network, a 6G network, or another type of next generation network, and / or the like) , a public land mobile network (PLMN) , a local area network (LAN) , a wide area network (WAN) , a metropolitan area network (MAN) , a telephone network (e.g., the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) ) , a private network, an ad hoc network, an intranet, the Internet, a fiber optic-based network, a cloud computing network, or the like, and / or a combination of these or other types of networks. The network 108 may include a wireless communication network 200, described in connection with Fig. 2.
[0073] As described herein, a network entity (which may alternatively be referred to as an entity, a node, a network node, or a wireless entity) may be, be similar to, include, or be included in (e.g., be a component of) a base station (e.g., any base station described herein, including a disaggregated base station) , a UE (e.g., any UE described herein) , a RedCap device, an enhanced reduced capability (eRedCap) device, an ambient IoT device, an energy harvesting (EH) -capable device, a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, an integrated access and backhauling (IAB) node, a distributed unit (DU) , a central unit (CU) , a remote / radio unit (RU) (which may also be referred to as a remote radio unit (RRU) ) , and / or another processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a network entity may be a UE. As another example, a network entity may be a base station. As used herein, “network entity” may refer to an entity that is configured to operate in a network, such as the network 108. For example, a “network entity” is not limited to an entity that is currently located in and / or currently operating in the network. Rather, a network entity may be any entity that is capable of communicating and / or operating in the network. A network entity may include a network node 210 or a UE 220, described in more detail in connection with Fig. 2.
[0074] The adjectives “first, ” “second, ” “third, ” and so on are used for contextual distinction between two or more of the modified noun in connection with a discussion and are not meant to be absolute modifiers that apply only to a certain respective entity throughout the entire document. For example, a network entity may be referred to as a “first network entity” in connection with one discussion and may be referred to as a “second network entity” in connection with another discussion, or vice versa. As an example, a first network entity may be configured to communicate with a second network entity or a third network entity. In one aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a UE. In another aspect of this example, the first network entity may be a UE, the second network entity may be a base station, and the third network entity may be a base station. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third network entities may be different relative to these examples.
[0075] Similarly, reference to a UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE, base station, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a network entity. For example, disclosure that a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity. Consistent with this disclosure, once a specific example is broadened in accordance with this disclosure (e.g., a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity) , the broader example of the narrower example may be interpreted in the reverse, but in a broad open-ended way. In the example above where a UE is configured to receive information from a base station also discloses that a first network entity is configured to receive information from a second network entity, “first network entity” may refer to a first UE, a first base station, a first apparatus, a first device, a first computing system, a first set of one or more one or more components, a first processing entity, or the like configured to receive the information; and “second network entity” may refer to a second UE, a second base station, a second apparatus, a second device, a second computing system, a second set of one or more components, a second processing entity, or the like.
[0076] As described herein, communication of information (e.g., any information, signal, or the like) may be described in various aspects using different terminology. Disclosure of one communication term includes disclosure of other communication terms. For example, a first network entity may be described as being configured to transmit information to a second network entity. In this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the first network entity is configured to provide, send, output, communicate, or transmit information to the second network entity. Similarly, in this example and consistent with this disclosure, disclosure that the first network entity is configured to transmit information to the second network entity includes disclosure that the second network entity is configured to receive, obtain, or decode the information that is provided, sent, output, communicated, or transmitted by the first network entity.
[0077] As shown, the network entity 102 may include a processing system 110. Similarly, the network entity 106 may include a processing system 112. A processing system may include one or more components (or subcomponents) , such as one or more components described herein. For example, a respective component of the one or more components may be, be similar to, include, or be included in at least one memory, at least one communication interface, or at least one processor. For example, a processing system may include one or more components. In such an example, the one or more components may include a first component, a second component, and a third component. In this example, the first component may be coupled to a second component and a third component. In this example, the first component may be at least one processor, the second component may be a communication interface, and the third component may be at least one memory. A processing system may generally be a system one or more components that may perform one or more functions, such as any function or combination of functions described herein. For example, one or more components may receive input information (e.g., any information that is an input, such as a signal, any digital information, or any other information) , one or more components may process the input information to generate output information (e.g., any information that is an output, such as a signal or any other information) , one or more components may perform any function as described herein, or any combination thereof.
[0078] As described herein, an “input” and “input information” may be used interchangeably. Similarly, as described herein, an “output” and “output information” may be used interchangeably. Any information generated by any component may be provided to one or more other systems or components of, for example, a network entity described herein. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate output information, and / or a third component configured to provide the output information to other systems or components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a processing system may include at least one memory, at least one communication interface, and / or at least one processor, where the at least one processor may, for example, be coupled to the at least one memory and the at least one communication interface.
[0079] A processing system of a network entity described herein may interface with one or more other components of the network entity, may process information received from one or more other components (such as input information) , or may output information to one or more other components. For example, a processing system may include a first component configured to interface with one or more other components of the network entity to receive or obtain information, a second component configured to process the information to generate one or more outputs, and / or a third component configured to output the one or more outputs to one or more other components. In this example, the first component may be a communication interface (e.g., a first communication interface) , the second component may be at least one processor (e.g., that is coupled to the communication interface and / or at least one memory) , and the third component may be a communication interface (e.g., the first communication interface or a second communication interface) . For example, a chip or modem of the network entity may include a processing system. The processing system may include a first communication interface to receive or obtain information, and a second communication interface to output, transmit, or provide information. In some examples, the first communication interface may be an interface configured to receive input information, and the information may be provided to the processing system. In some examples, the second system interface may be configured to transmit information output from the chip or modem. The second communication interface may also obtain or receive input information, and the first communication interface may also output, transmit, or provide information.
[0080] For example, as shown in Fig. 1, the processing system 110 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 114 and one or more communication interfaces 116. The communication manager 114 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the communication manager 114 may direct the communication interface 120 and / or the processing system 110 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Similarly, the processing system 112 may include a (e.g., one or more) communication manager 118 and one or more communication interfaces 120. The communication manager 118 may be configured to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. In some aspects, the processing system 112 and / or the communication manager 118 may direct the communication interface 120 to perform one or more communication tasks as described herein. Although depicted, for clarity of description, with reference only to the network entities 102 and 104, any one or more of the network entities 102, 104, and 106 also may include a communication manager and a communication interface.
[0081] As used herein, “communication interface” refers to an interface that enables communication (e.g., wireless communication, wired communication, or a combination thereof) between a first network entity and a second network entity. A communication interface may include electronic circuitry that enables a network entity to transmit, receive, or otherwise perform the communication. A communication interface may be, be similar to, include, or be included in one or more components that are configured to enable communication between the first network entity and the second network entity. For example, a communication interface may include a transmission component, a reception component, and / or a transceiver, among other examples. For example, a communication interface may include one or more transceivers, one or more receivers, and / or one or more transmitters configured to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more RF components, an RF front end, one or more antennas, one or more transmit or receive processors, a demodulation component, and / or a modulation component, among other examples.
[0082] A communication interface may include a transmission component and / or a reception component. For example, a communication interface may include a transceiver and / or one or more separate receivers and / or transmitters that enable a network entity to communicate with other devices, such as via a wired connection, a wireless connection, or a combination of wired and wireless connections. In some examples, a communication interface may include one or more radio frequency reflective elements and / or one or more radio frequency refractive elements. The communication interface may enable the network entity to receive information from another apparatus and / or provide information to another apparatus. In some examples, the communication interface may include an Ethernet interface, an optical interface, a coaxial interface, an infrared interface, an RF interface, a universal serial bus (USB) interface, a Wi-Fi interface, a cellular network interface, a wireless modem, an inter-integrated circuit (I2C) , and / or a serial peripheral interface (SPI) , among other examples.
[0083] As described herein, a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102 and / or the network entity 106) may be configured to perform one or more operations. Reference to a network entity being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to a processing system of the network entity being configured to perform the one or more operations and / or the processing system being configured to cause one or more components of the network entity to perform the one or more operations. For example, reference to the processing system being configured to perform one or more operations may refer to one or more components (or subcomponents) of the processing system performing the one or more operations. For example, the one or more components of the processing system may include at least one memory, at least one processor, and / or at least one communication interface, among other examples, that are configured to perform one or more (or all) of the one or more operations, and / or any combination thereof. Where reference is made to the network entity and / or the processing system being configured to perform operations, the network entity and / or the processing system may be configured to cause one component to perform all operations, or to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations. When the network entity and / or the processing system is configured to cause more than one component to collectively perform the operations, each operation need not be performed by each of those components (e.g., different operations may be performed by different components) and / or each operation need not be performed in whole by only one component (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of an operation) .
[0084] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 102 may (e.g., the processing system 110 may, or the processing system 110 may cause the communication manager 114 and / or the communication interface 116 to) receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 102 and / or the communication manager 114 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0085] As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the network entity 106 may (e.g., the processing system 112 may, or the processing system 112 may cause the communication manager 114 and / or the communication interface 116 to) transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entity 106 and / or the communication manager 118 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0086] The number and arrangement of entities shown in Fig. 1 are provided as one or more examples. In practice, there may be additional network entities and / or networks, fewer network entities and / or networks, different network entities and / or networks, or differently arranged network entities and / or networks than those shown in Fig. 1. Furthermore, the network entity 102, 104, and 106 may be implemented using a single apparatus or multiple apparatuses.
[0087] Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication network 200, in accordance with the present disclosure. The wireless communication network 200 may be or may include elements of a 5G (or NR) network or a 6G network, among other examples. The wireless communication network 200 may include multiple network nodes 210, shown as a network node (NN) 210a, a network node 210b, a network node 210c, and a network node 210d. The network nodes 210 may support communications with multiple UEs 220, shown as a UE 220a, a UE 220b, a UE 220c, a UE 220d, and a UE 220e.
[0088] The network nodes 210 and the UEs 220 of the wireless communication network 200 may communicate using the electromagnetic spectrum, which may be subdivided by frequency or wavelength into various classes, bands, carriers, and / or channels. For example, devices of the wireless communication network 200 may communicate using one or more operating bands. In some aspects, multiple wireless communication networks 200 may be deployed in a given geographic area. Each wireless communication network 200 may support a particular RAT (which may also be referred to as an air interface) and may operate on one or more carrier frequencies in one or more frequency ranges. Examples of RATs include a 4G RAT, a 5G / NR RAT, and / or a 6G RAT, among other examples. In some examples, when multiple RATs are deployed in a given geographic area, each RAT in the geographic area may operate on different frequencies to avoid interference with one another.
[0089] Various operating bands have been defined as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz through 7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz through 52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz through 24.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz through 71 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz through 114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz through 300 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “Sub-6 GHz” band in some documents and articles. Similarly, FR2 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in some documents and articles, despite being different than the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz through 300 GHz) , which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band. The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies, which include FR3. Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. Thus, “sub-6 GHz, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are less than 6 GHz, that are within FR1, and / or that are included in mid-band frequencies. Similarly, the term “millimeter wave, ” if used herein, may broadly refer to frequencies that are included in mid-band frequencies, that are within FR2, FR4, FR4-aor FR4-1, or FR5, and / or that are within the EHF band. Higher frequency bands may extend 5G NR operation, 6G operation, and / or other RATs beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, each of FR4a, FR4-1, FR4, and FR5 falls within the EHF band. In some examples, the wireless communication network 200 may implement dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) , in which multiple RATs (for example, 4G / LTE and 5G / NR) are implemented with dynamic bandwidth allocation (for example, based on user demand) in a single frequency band. It is contemplated that the frequencies included in these operating bands (for example, FR1, FR2, FR3, FR4, FR4-a, FR4-1, and / or FR5) may be modified, and techniques described herein may be applicable to those modified frequency ranges.
[0090] A network node 210 may include one or more devices, components, or systems that enable communication between a UE 220 and one or more devices, components, or systems of the wireless communication network 200. A network node 210 may be, may include, or may also be referred to as an NR network node, a 5G network node, a 6G network node, a Node B, an eNB, a gNB, an access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a mobility element, a core, a network entity, a network element, a network equipment, and / or another type of device, component, or system included in a radio access network (RAN) .
[0091] A network node 210 may be implemented as a single physical node (for example, a single physical structure) or may be implemented as two or more physical nodes (for example, two or more distinct physical structures) . For example, a network node 210 may be a device or system that implements part of a radio protocol stack, a device or system that implements a full radio protocol stack (such as a full gNB protocol stack) , or a collection of devices or systems that collectively implement the full radio protocol stack. For example, and as shown, a network node 210 may be an aggregated network node (having an aggregated architecture) , meaning that the network node 210 may implement a full radio protocol stack that is physically and logically integrated within a single node (for example, a single physical structure) in the wireless communication network 200. For example, an aggregated network node 210 may consist of a single standalone base station or a single TRP that uses a full radio protocol stack to enable or facilitate communication between a UE 220 and a core network of the wireless communication network 200.
[0092] Alternatively, and as also shown, a network node 210 may be a disaggregated network node (sometimes referred to as a disaggregated base station) , meaning that the network node 210 may implement a radio protocol stack that is physically distributed and / or logically distributed among two or more nodes in the same geographic location or in different geographic locations. For example, a disaggregated network node may have a disaggregated architecture. In some deployments, disaggregated network nodes 210 may be used in an IAB network, in an open radio access network (O-RAN) (such as a network configuration in compliance with the O-RAN Alliance) , or in a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) , also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) , to facilitate scaling by separating base station functionality into multiple units that can be individually deployed.
[0093] The network nodes 210 of the wireless communication network 200 may include one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. A CU may host one or more higher layer control functions, such as radio resource control (RRC) functions, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) functions, and / or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) functions, among other examples. A DU may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and / or one or more higher physical (PHY) layers depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as a functional split defined by the 3GPP. In some examples, a DU also may host one or more lower PHY layer functions, such as a fast Fourier transform (FFT) , an inverse FFT (iFFT) , beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, and / or scheduling of resources for one or more UEs 220, among other examples. An RU may host RF processing functions or lower PHY layer functions, such as an FFT, an iFFT, beamforming, or PRACH extraction and filtering, among other examples, according to a functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, each RU can be operated to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 220.
[0094] In some aspects, a single network node 210 may include a combination of one or more CUs, one or more DUs, and / or one or more RUs. Additionally or alternatively, a network node 210 may include one or more Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) and / or one or more Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RICs. In some examples, a CU, a DU, and / or an RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, such as a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) , among other examples. A virtual unit may be implemented as a virtual network function, such as associated with a cloud deployment.
[0095] Some network nodes 210 (for example, a base station, an RU, or a TRP) may provide communication coverage for a particular geographic area. In the 3GPP, the term “cell” can refer to a coverage area of a network node 210 or to a network node 210 itself, depending on the context in which the term is used. A network node 210 may support one or multiple (for example, three) cells. In some examples, a network node 210 may provide communication coverage for a macro cell, a pico cell, a femto cell, or another type of cell. A macro cell may cover a relatively large geographic area (for example, several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 220 with service subscriptions. A pico cell may cover a relatively small geographic area and may allow unrestricted access by UEs 220 with service subscriptions. A femto cell may cover a relatively small geographic area (for example, a home) and may allow restricted access by UEs 220 having association with the femto cell (for example, UEs 220 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) ) . A network node 210 for a macro cell may be referred to as a macro network node. A network node 210 for a pico cell may be referred to as a pico network node. A network node 210 for a femto cell may be referred to as a femto network node or an in-home network node. In some examples, a cell may not necessarily be stationary. For example, the geographic area of the cell may move according to the location of an associated mobile network node 210 (for example, a train, a satellite base station, an unmanned aerial vehicle, or an NTN network node) .
[0096] The wireless communication network 200 may be a heterogeneous network that includes network nodes 210 of different types, such as macro network nodes, pico network nodes, femto network nodes, relay network nodes, aggregated network nodes, and / or disaggregated network nodes, among other examples. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 210a may be a macro network node for a macro cell 230a, the network node 210b may be a pico network node for a pico cell 230b, and the network node 210c may be a femto network node for a femto cell 230c. Various different types of network nodes 210 may generally transmit at different power levels, serve different coverage areas, and / or have different impacts on interference in the wireless communication network 200 than other types of network nodes 210. For example, macro network nodes may have a high transmit power level (for example, 5 to 40 watts) , whereas pico network nodes, femto network nodes, and relay network nodes may have lower transmit power levels (for example, 0.1 to 2 watts) .
[0097] In some examples, a network node 210 may be, may include, or may operate as an RU, a TRP, or a base station that communicates with one or more UEs 220 via a radio access link (which may be referred to as a “Uu” link) . The radio access link may include a downlink and an uplink. “Downlink” (or “DL” ) refers to a communication direction from a network node 210 to a UE 220, and “uplink” (or “UL” ) refers to a communication direction from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Downlink channels may include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. A downlink control channel may be used to transmit downlink control information (DCI) (for example, scheduling information, reference signals, and / or configuration information) from a network node 210 to a UE 220. A downlink data channel may be used to transmit downlink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a network node 210 to a UE 220. Downlink control channels may include one or more physical downlink control channels (PDCCHs) , and downlink data channels may include one or more physical downlink shared channels (PDSCHs) . Uplink channels may similarly include one or more control channels and one or more data channels. An uplink control channel may be used to transmit uplink control information (UCI) (for example, reference signals and / or feedback corresponding to one or more downlink transmissions) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. An uplink data channel may be used to transmit uplink data (for example, user data associated with a UE 220) from a UE 220 to a network node 210. Uplink control channels may include one or more physical uplink control channels (PUCCHs) , and uplink data channels may include one or more physical uplink shared channels (PUSCHs) . The downlink and the uplink may each include a set of resources on which the network node 210 and the UE 220 may communicate.
[0098] Downlink and uplink resources may include time domain resources (frames, subframes, slots, and / or symbols) , frequency domain resources (frequency bands, component carriers, subcarriers, resource blocks, and / or resource elements) , and / or spatial domain resources (particular transmit directions and / or beam parameters) . Frequency domain resources of some bands may be subdivided into BWPs. A BWP may be a block of frequency domain resources (for example, a block of resource blocks) that are allocated for one or more UEs 220. A UE 220 may be configured with both an uplink BWP and a downlink BWP (where the uplink BWP and the downlink BWP may be the same BWP or different BWPs) . A BWP may be dynamically configured (for example, by a network node 210 transmitting a DCI configuration to the one or more UEs 220) and / or reconfigured, which means that a BWP can be adjusted in real-time (or near-real-time) based on changing network conditions in the wireless communication network 200 and / or based on the specific requirements of the one or more UEs 220. This enables more efficient use of the available frequency domain resources in the wireless communication network 200 because fewer frequency domain resources may be allocated to a BWP for a UE 220 (which may reduce the quantity of frequency domain resources that a UE 220 is required to monitor) , leaving more frequency domain resources to be spread across multiple UEs 220. Thus, BWPs may also assist in the implementation of lower-capability UEs 220 by facilitating the configuration of smaller bandwidths for communication by such UEs 220.
[0099] As indicated above, a BWP may be configured as a subset or a part of a total or full component carrier bandwidth and generally forms or encompasses a set of common resource blocks (CRBs) within the full component carrier bandwidth. In other words, within the carrier bandwidth, a BWP starts at a CRB and may span a set of CRBs. Each BWP may be associated with its own numerology (indicating a sub-carrier spacing (SCS) and cyclic prefix (CP) ) . A UE 220 may be configured with up to four downlink BWPs and up to four uplink BWPs for each serving cell. To enable reasonable UE battery consumption, only one BWP in the downlink and one BWP in the uplink are generally active at a given time on an active serving cell under typical operation. The active BWP defines the operating bandwidth of the UE 220 within the operating bandwidth of the serving cell while all other BWPs with which the UE 220 is configured are deactivated. On deactivated BWPs, the UE 220 does not transmit or receive any communications.
[0100] As described above, in some aspects, the wireless communication network 200 may be, may include, or may be included in, an IAB network. In an IAB network, at least one network node 210 is an anchor network node that communicates with a core network. An anchor network node 210 may also be referred to as an IAB donor (or “IAB-donor” ) . The anchor network node 210 may connect to the core network via a wired backhaul link. For example, an Ng interface of the anchor network node 210 may terminate at the core network. Additionally or alternatively, an anchor network node 210 may connect to one or more devices of the core network that provide a core access and mobility management function (AMF) . An IAB network also generally includes multiple non-anchor network nodes 210, which may also be referred to as relay network nodes or simply as IAB nodes (or “IAB-nodes” ) . Each non-anchor network node 210 may communicate directly with the anchor network node 210 via a wireless backhaul link to access the core network, or may communicate indirectly with the anchor network node 210 via one or more other non-anchor network nodes 210 and associated wireless backhaul links that form a backhaul path to the core network. Some anchor network node 210 or other non-anchor network node 210 may also communicate directly with one or more UEs 220 via wireless access links that carry access traffic. In some examples, network resources for wireless communication (such as time resources, frequency resources, and / or spatial resources) may be shared between access links and backhaul links.
[0101] In some examples, any network node 210 that relays communications may be referred to as a relay network node, a relay station, or simply as a relay. A relay may receive a transmission of a communication from an upstream station (for example, another network node 210 or a UE 220) and transmit the communication to a downstream station (for example, a UE 220 or another network node 210) . In this case, the wireless communication network 200 may include or be referred to as a “multi-hop network. ” In the example shown in Fig. 1, the network node 210d (for example, a relay network node) may communicate with the network node 210a (for example, a macro network node) and the UE 220d in order to facilitate communication between the network node 210a and the UE 220d. Additionally or alternatively, a UE 220 may be or may operate as a relay station that can relay transmissions to or from other UEs 220. A UE 220 that relays communications may be referred to as a UE relay or a relay UE, among other examples.
[0102] The UEs 220 may be physically dispersed throughout the wireless communication network 200, and each UE 220 may be stationary or mobile. A UE 220 may be, may include, or may be included in an access terminal, another terminal, a mobile station, or a subscriber unit. A UE 220 may be, include, or be coupled with a cellular phone (for example, a smart phone) , a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a wireless modem, a wireless communication device, a handheld device, a laptop computer, a cordless phone, a wireless local loop (WLL) station, a tablet, a camera, a gaming device, a netbook, a smartbook, an ultrabook, a medical device, a biometric device, a wearable device (for example, a smart watch, smart clothing, smart glasses, a smart wristband, and / or smart jewelry, such as a smart ring or a smart bracelet) , an entertainment device (for example, a music device, a video device, and / or a satellite radio) , an XR device, a vehicular component or sensor, a smart meter or sensor, industrial manufacturing equipment, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) device (such as a Global Positioning System device or another type of positioning device) , a UE function of a network node, and / or any other suitable device or function that may communicate via a wireless medium.
[0103] A UE 220 and / or a network node 210 may include one or more chips, system-on-chips (SoCs) , chipsets, packages, or devices that individually or collectively constitute or comprise a processing system (such as the processing system 110 and / or the processing system 112) . The processing system includes processor (or “processing” ) circuitry in the form of one or multiple processors, microprocessors, processing units (such as central processing units (CPUs) , graphics processing units (GPUs) , neural processing units (NPUs) and / or digital signal processors (DSPs) ) , processing blocks, application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) (such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) ) , or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “processors” or collectively as “the processor” or “the processor circuitry” ) . One or more of the processors may be individually or collectively configurable or configured to perform various functions or operations described herein. A group of processors collectively configurable or configured to perform a set of functions may include a first processor configurable or configured to perform a first function of the set and a second processor configurable or configured to perform a second function of the set, or may include the group of processors all being configured or configurable to perform the set of functions.
[0104] The processing system may further include memory circuitry in the form of one or more memory devices, memory blocks, memory elements or other discrete gate or transistor logic or circuitry, each of which may include tangible storage media such as random-access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM) , or combinations thereof (all of which may be generally referred to herein individually as “memories” or collectively as “the memory” or “the memory circuitry” ) . One or more of the memories may be coupled (for example, operatively coupled, communicatively coupled, electronically coupled, or electrically coupled) with one or more of the processors and may individually or collectively store processor-executable code (such as software) that, when executed by one or more of the processors, may configure one or more of the processors to perform various functions or operations described herein. Additionally or alternatively, in some examples, one or more of the processors may be preconfigured to perform various functions or operations described herein without requiring configuration by software. The processing system may further include or be coupled with one or more modems (such as a Wi-Fi (for example, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) compliant) modem or a cellular (for example, 3GPP 4G LTE, 5G, or 6G compliant) modem) . In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the modems. The processing system may further include or be coupled with multiple radios (collectively “the radio” ) , multiple RF chains, or multiple transceivers, each of which may in turn be coupled with one or more of multiple antennas. In some implementations, one or more processors of the processing system include or implement one or more of the radios, RF chains or transceivers. The UE 220 may include or may be included in a housing that houses components associated with the UE 220 including the processing system.
[0105] Some UEs 220 may be considered machine-type communication (MTC) UEs, evolved or enhanced machine-type communication (eMTC) , UEs, further enhanced eMTC (feMTC) UEs, or enhanced feMTC (efeMTC) UEs, or further evolutions thereof, all of which may be simply referred to as “MTC UEs” . An MTC UE may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with a robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle or drone, a remote device, a sensor, a meter, a monitor, and / or a location tag. Some UEs 220 may be considered IoT devices and / or may be implemented as NB-IoT (narrowband IoT) devices. An IoT UE or NB-IoT device may be, may include, or may be included in or coupled with an industrial machine, an appliance, a refrigerator, a doorbell camera device, a home automation device, and / or a light fixture, among other examples. Some UEs 220 may be considered Customer Premises Equipment, which may include telecommunications devices that are installed at a customer location (such as a home or office) to enable access to a service provider's network (such as included in or in communication with the wireless communication network 200) .
[0106] Some UEs 220 may be classified according to different categories in association with different complexities and / or different capabilities. UEs 220 in a first category may facilitate massive IoT in the wireless communication network 200, and may offer low complexity and / or cost relative to UEs 220 in a second category. UEs 220 in a second category may include mission-critical IoT devices, legacy UEs, baseline UEs, high-tier UEs, advanced UEs, full-capability UEs, and / or premium UEs that are capable of URLLC, eMBB, and / or precise positioning in the wireless communication network 200, among other examples. A third category of UEs 220 may have mid-tier complexity and / or capability (for example, a capability between UEs 220 of the first category and UEs 220 of the second capability) . A UE 220 of the third category may be referred to as a reduced capacity UE ( “RedCap UE” ) , a mid-tier UE, an NR-Light UE, and / or an NR-Lite UE, among other examples. RedCap UEs may bridge a gap between the capability and complexity of NB-IoT devices and / or eMTC UEs, and mission-critical IoT devices and / or premium UEs. RedCap UEs may include, for example, wearable devices, IoT devices, industrial sensors, and / or cameras that are associated with a limited bandwidth, power capacity, and / or transmission range, among other examples. RedCap UEs may support healthcare environments, building automation, electrical distribution, process automation, transport and logistics, and / or smart city deployments, among other examples.
[0107] In some examples, two or more UEs 220 (for example, shown as UE 220a and UE 220e) may communicate directly with one another using sidelink communications (for example, without communicating by way of a network node 210 as an intermediary) . As an example, the UE 220a may directly transmit data, control information, or other signaling as a sidelink communication to the UE 220e. This is in contrast to, for example, the UE 220a first transmitting data in an UL communication to a network node 210, which then transmits the data to the UE 220e in a DL communication. In various examples, the UEs 220 may transmit and receive sidelink communications using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication protocols, device-to-device (D2D) communication protocols, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication protocols (which may include vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) protocols, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) protocols, and / or vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) protocols) , and / or mesh network communication protocols. In some deployments and configurations, a network node 210 may schedule and / or allocate resources for sidelink communications between UEs 220 in the wireless communication network 200. In some other deployments and configurations, a UE 220 (instead of a network node 210) may perform, or collaborate or negotiate with one or more other UEs to perform, scheduling operations, resource selection operations, and / or other operations for sidelink communications.
[0108] In various examples, some of the network nodes 210 and the UEs 220 of the wireless communication network 200 may be configured for full-duplex operation in addition to half-duplex operation. A network node 210 or a UE 220 operating in a half-duplex mode may perform only one of transmission or reception during particular time resources, such as during particular slots, symbols, or other time periods. Half-duplex operation may involve time-division duplexing (TDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 210 and UL transmissions of the UE 220 do not occur in the same time resources (that is, the transmissions do not overlap in time) . In contrast, a network node 210 or a UE 220 operating in a full-duplex mode can transmit and receive communications concurrently (for example, in the same time resources) . By operating in a full-duplex mode, network nodes 210 and / or UEs 220 may generally increase the capacity of the network and the radio access link. In some examples, full-duplex operation may involve frequency-division duplexing (FDD) , in which DL transmissions of the network node 210 are performed in a first frequency band or on a first component carrier and transmissions of the UE 220 are performed in a second frequency band or on a second component carrier different than the first frequency band or the first component carrier, respectively. In some examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a UE 220 but not for a network node 210. For example, a UE 220 may simultaneously transmit an UL transmission to a first network node 210 and receive a DL transmission from a second network node 210 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for a network node 210 but not for a UE 220. For example, a network node 210 may simultaneously transmit a DL transmission to a first UE 220 and receive an UL transmission from a second UE 220 in the same time resources. In some other examples, full-duplex operation may be enabled for both a network node 210 and a UE 220.
[0109] In some examples, the UEs 220 and the network nodes 210 may perform MIMO communication. “MIMO” generally refers to transmitting or receiving multiple signals (such as multiple layers or multiple data streams) simultaneously over the same time and frequency resources. MIMO techniques generally exploit multipath propagation. MIMO may be implemented using various spatial processing or spatial multiplexing operations. In some examples, MIMO may support simultaneous transmission to multiple receivers, referred to as multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) . Some RATs may employ advanced MIMO techniques, such as mTRP operation (including redundant transmission or reception on multiple TRPs) , reciprocity in the time domain or the frequency domain, single-frequency-network (SFN) transmission, or non-coherent joint transmission (NC-JT) .
[0110] The network node 210 may provide the UE 220 with a configuration of transmission configuration indicator (TCI) states that indicate or correspond to beams that may be used by the UE 220, such as for receiving one or more communications via a physical channel. For example, the network node 210 may indicate (for example, using DCI) an activated TCI state to the UE 220, which the UE 220 may use to generate a beam for receiving one or more communications via the physical channel. A beam indication may be, or may include, a TCI state information element, a beam identifier (ID) , spatial relation information, a TCI state ID, a closed loop index, a panel ID, a TRP ID, and / or a sounding reference signal (SRS) set ID, among other examples. A TCI state information element (sometimes referred to as a TCI state herein) may indicate particular information associated with a beam. For example, the TCI state information element may indicate a TCI state identification (for example, a tci-StateID) , a quasi-co-location (QCL) type (for example, a qcl-Type1, qcl-Type2, qcl-TypeA, qcl-TypeB, qcl-TypeC, or a qcl-TypeD, among other examples) , a cell identification (for example, a ServCellIndex) , a bandwidth part identification (bwp-Id) , or a reference signal identification, such as a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) identification (for example, an NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceId or an SSB-Index, among other examples) . Spatial relation information may similarly indicate information associated with an uplink beam. The beam indication may be a joint or separate DL / UL beam indication in a unified TCI framework. In a unified TCI framework, a network node 210 may support common TCI state ID update and activation, which may provide common QCL and / or common UL transmission spatial filters across a set of configured component carriers. This type of beam indication may apply to intra-band carrier aggregation, as well as to joint DL / UL and separate DL / UL beam indications. The common TCI state ID may imply that one reference signal determined according to the TCI state (s) indicated by a common TCI state ID is used to provide QCL Type-D indication and to determine UL transmission spatial filters across the set of configured CCs.
[0111] In some aspects, the UE 220 may include a communication manager 240. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 240 may receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 240 may transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 240 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0112] In some aspects, the network node 210 may include a communication manager 250. As described in more detail elsewhere herein, the communication manager 250 may transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity. Additionally or alternatively, the communication manager 250 may perform one or more other operations described herein.
[0113] Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example network node 210 in communication with an example UE 220 in a wireless network, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0114] As shown in Fig. 3, the network node 210 may include a data source 312, a transmit processor 314, a transmit (TX) MIMO processor 316, a set of modems 332 (shown as 332a through 332t, where t ≥ 1) , a set of antennas 334 (shown as 334a through 334v, where v ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 336, a receive processor 338, a data sink 339, a controller / processor 340, a memory 342, a communication unit 344, a scheduler 346, and / or a communication manager 250, among other examples. In some configurations, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 334, the modem (s) 332, the MIMO detector 336, the receive processor 338, the transmit processor 314, and / or the TX MIMO processor 316 may be included in a transceiver of the network node 210. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 340, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 342, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, and / or operations described herein. In some aspects, the network node 210 may include one or more interfaces, communication components, and / or other components that facilitate communication with the UE 220 or another network node.
[0115] The terms “processor, ” “controller, ” or “controller / processor” may refer to one or more controllers and / or one or more processors. For example, reference to “a / the processor, ” “a / the controller / processor, ” or the like (in the singular) refers to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 3, such as a single processor or a combination of multiple different processors. Reference to “one or more processors” refers to any one or more of the processors described in connection with Fig. 3. For example, one or more processors of the network node 210 may include transmit processor 314, TX MIMO processor 316, MIMO detector 336, receive processor 338, and / or controller / processor 340. Similarly, one or more processors of the UE 220 may include MIMO detector 356, receive processor 358, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, and / or controller / processor 380.
[0116] In some aspects, a single processor may perform all of the operations described as being performed by the one or more processors. In some aspects, a first set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a first operation described as being performed by the one or more processors, and a second set of (one or more) processors of the one or more processors may perform a second operation described as being performed by the one or more processors. The first set of processors and the second set of processors may be the same set of processors or may be different sets of processors. Reference to “one or more memories” refers to any one or more memories of a corresponding device, such as the memory described in connection with Fig. 3. For example, operation described as being performed by one or more memories can be performed by the same subset of the one or more memories or different subsets of the one or more memories.
[0117] For downlink communication from the network node 210 to the UE 220, the transmit processor 314 may receive data ( “downlink data” ) intended for the UE 220 (or a set of UEs that includes the UE 220) from the data source 312 (such as a data pipeline or a data queue) . In some examples, the transmit processor 314 may select one or more modulation and coding schemes (MCSs) for the UE 220 in accordance with one or more channel quality indicators (CQIs) received from the UE 220. The network node 210 may process the data (for example, including encoding the data) for transmission to the UE 220 on a downlink in accordance with the MCS (s) selected for the UE 220 to generate data symbols. The transmit processor 314 may process system information (for example, semi-static resource partitioning information (SRPI) ) and / or control information (for example, CQI requests, grants, and / or upper layer signaling) and provide overhead symbols and / or control symbols. The transmit processor 314 may generate reference symbols for reference signals (for example, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS) , a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) , or a CSI-RS) and / or synchronization signals (for example, a primary synchronization signal (PSS) or a secondary synchronization signals (SSS) ) .
[0118] The TX MIMO processor 316 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, T output symbol streams) to the set of modems 332. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 332. Each modem 332 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) ) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 332 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain a time domain downlink signal. The modems 332a through 332t may together transmit a set of downlink signals (for example, T downlink signals) via the corresponding set of antennas 334.
[0119] A downlink signal may include a DCI communication, a MAC control element (MAC-CE) communication, an RRC communication, a downlink reference signal, or another type of downlink communication. Downlink signals may be transmitted on a PDCCH, a PDSCH, and / or on another downlink channel. A downlink signal may carry one or more transport blocks (TBs) of data. A TB may be a unit of data that is transmitted over an air interface in the wireless communication network 200. A data stream (for example, from the data source 312) may be encoded into multiple TBs for transmission over the air interface. The quantity of TBs used to carry the data associated with a particular data stream may be associated with a TB size common to the multiple TBs. The TB size may be based on or otherwise associated with radio channel conditions of the air interface, the MCS used for encoding the data, the downlink resources allocated for transmitting the data, and / or another parameter. In general, the larger the TB size, the greater the amount of data that can be transmitted in a single transmission, which reduces signaling overhead. However, larger TB sizes may be more prone to transmission and / or reception errors than smaller TB sizes, but such errors may be mitigated by more robust error correction techniques.
[0120] For uplink communication from the UE 220 to the network node 210, uplink signals from the UE 220 may be received by an antenna 334, may be processed by a modem 332 (for example, a demodulator component, shown as DEMOD, of a modem 332) , may be detected by the MIMO detector 336 (for example, a receive (Rx) MIMO processor) if applicable, and / or may be further processed by the receive processor 338 to obtain decoded data and / or control information. The receive processor 338 may provide the decoded data to a data sink 339 (which may be a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or another type of data sink) and provide the decoded control information to a processor, such as the controller / processor 340.
[0121] The network node 210 may use the scheduler 346 to schedule one or more UEs 220 for downlink or uplink communications. In some aspects, the scheduler 346 may use DCI to dynamically schedule DL transmissions to the UE 220 and / or UL transmissions from the UE 220. In some examples, the scheduler 346 may allocate recurring time domain resources and / or frequency domain resources that the UE 220 may use to transmit and / or receive communications using an RRC configuration (for example, a semi-static configuration) , for example, to perform semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) or to configure a configured grant (CG) for the UE 220.
[0122] One or more of the transmit processor 314, the TX MIMO processor 316, the modem 332, the antenna 334, the MIMO detector 336, the receive processor 338, and / or the controller / processor 340 may be included in an RF chain of the network node 210. An RF chain may include one or more filters, mixers, oscillators, amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) , and / or other devices that convert between an analog signal (such as for transmission or reception via an air interface) and a digital signal (such as for processing by one or more processors of the network node 210) . In some aspects, the RF chain may be or may be included in a transceiver of the network node 210.
[0123] In some examples, the network node 210 may use the communication unit 344 to communicate with a core network and / or with other network nodes. The communication unit 344 may support wired and / or wireless communication protocols and / or connections, such as Ethernet, optical fiber, common public radio interface (CPRI) , and / or a wired or wireless backhaul, among other examples. The network node 210 may use the communication unit 344 to transmit and / or receive data associated with the UE 220 or to perform network control signaling, among other examples. The communication unit 344 may include a transceiver and / or an interface, such as a network interface.
[0124] The UE 220 may include a set of antennas 352 (shown as antennas 352a through 352r, where r ≥ 1) , a set of modems 354 (shown as modems 354a through 354u, where u ≥ 1) , a MIMO detector 356, a receive processor 358, a data sink 360, a data source 362, a transmit processor 364, a TX MIMO processor 366, a controller / processor 380, a memory 382, and / or a communication manager 240, among other examples. One or more of the components of the UE 220 may be included in a housing 384. In some aspects, one or a combination of the antenna (s) 352, the modem (s) 354, the MIMO detector 356, the receive processor 358, the transmit processor 364, or the TX MIMO processor 366 may be included in a transceiver that is included in the UE 220. The transceiver may be under control of and used by one or more processors, such as the controller / processor 380, and in some aspects in conjunction with processor-readable code stored in the memory 382, to perform aspects of the methods, processes, or operations described herein. In some aspects, the UE 220 may include another interface, another communication component, and / or another component that facilitates communication with the network node 210 and / or another UE 220.
[0125] For downlink communication from the network node 210 to the UE 220, the set of antennas 352 may receive the downlink communications or signals from the network node 210 and may provide a set of received downlink signals (for example, R received signals) to the set of modems 354. For example, each received signal may be provided to a respective demodulator component (shown as DEMOD) of a modem 354. Each modem 354 may use the respective demodulator component to condition (for example, filter, amplify, downconvert, and / or digitize) a received signal to obtain input samples. Each modem 354 may use the respective demodulator component to further demodulate or process the input samples (for example, for OFDM) to obtain received symbols. The MIMO detector 356 may obtain received symbols from the set of modems 354, may perform MIMO detection on the received symbols if applicable, and may provide detected symbols. The receive processor 358 may process (for example, decode) the detected symbols, may provide decoded data for the UE 220 to the data sink 360 (which may include a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 220) , and may provide decoded control information and system information to the controller / processor 380.
[0126] For uplink communication from the UE 220 to the network node 210, the transmit processor 364 may receive and process data ( “uplink data” ) from a data source 362 (such as a data pipeline, a data queue, and / or an application executed on the UE 220) and control information from the controller / processor 380. The control information may include one or more parameters, feedback, one or more signal measurements, and / or other types of control information. In some aspects, the receive processor 358 and / or the controller / processor 380 may determine, for a received signal (such as received from the network node 210 or another UE) , one or more parameters relating to transmission of the uplink communication. The one or more parameters may include a reference signal received power (RSRP) parameter, a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) parameter, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) parameter, a CQI parameter, or a transmit power control (TPC) parameter, among other examples. The control information may include an indication of the RSRP parameter, the RSSI parameter, the RSRQ parameter, the CQI parameter, the TPC parameter, and / or another parameter. The control information may facilitate parameter selection and / or scheduling for the UE 220 by the network node 210.
[0127] The transmit processor 364 may generate reference symbols for one or more reference signals, such as an uplink DMRS, an uplink SRS, and / or another type of reference signal. The symbols from the transmit processor 364 may be precoded by the TX MIMO processor 366, if applicable, and further processed by the set of modems 354 (for example, for DFT-s-OFDM or CP-OFDM) . The TX MIMO processor 366 may perform spatial processing (for example, precoding) on the data symbols, the control symbols, the overhead symbols, and / or the reference symbols, if applicable, and may provide a set of output symbol streams (for example, U output symbol streams) to the set of modems 354. For example, each output symbol stream may be provided to a respective modulator component (shown as MOD) of a modem 354. Each modem 354 may use the respective modulator component to process (for example, to modulate) a respective output symbol stream (for example, for OFDM) to obtain an output sample stream. Each modem 354 may further use the respective modulator component to process (for example, convert to analog, amplify, filter, and / or upconvert) the output sample stream to obtain an uplink signal.
[0128] The modems 354a through 354u may transmit a set of uplink signals (for example, R uplink signals or U uplink symbols) via the corresponding set of antennas 352. An uplink signal may include a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, an RRC communication, or another type of uplink communication. Uplink signals may be transmitted on a PUSCH, a PUCCH, and / or another type of uplink channel. An uplink signal may carry one or more TBs of data. Sidelink data and control transmissions (that is, transmissions directly between two or more UEs 220) may generally use similar techniques as were described for uplink data and control transmission, and may use sidelink-specific channels such as a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) , and / or a physical sidelink feedback channel (PSFCH) .
[0129] One or more antennas of the set of antennas 352 or the set of antennas 334 may include, or may be included within, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays, among other examples. An antenna panel, an antenna group, a set of antenna elements, or an antenna array may include one or more antenna elements (within a single housing or multiple housings) , a set of coplanar antenna elements, a set of non-coplanar antenna elements, or one or more antenna elements coupled with one or more transmission or reception components, such as one or more components of Fig. 3. As used herein, “antenna” can refer to one or more antennas, one or more antenna panels, one or more antenna groups, one or more sets of antenna elements, or one or more antenna arrays. “Antenna panel” can refer to a group of antennas (such as antenna elements) arranged in an array or panel, which may facilitate beamforming by manipulating parameters of the group of antennas. “Antenna module” may refer to circuitry including one or more antennas, which may also include one or more other components (such as filters, amplifiers, or processors) associated with integrating the antenna module into a wireless communication device.
[0130] In some examples, each of the antenna elements of an antenna 334 or an antenna 352 may include one or more sub-elements for radiating or receiving radio frequency signals. For example, a single antenna element may include a first sub-element cross-polarized with a second sub-element that can be used to independently transmit cross-polarized signals. The antenna elements may include patch antennas, dipole antennas, and / or other types of antennas arranged in a linear pattern, a two-dimensional pattern, or another pattern. A spacing between antenna elements may be such that signals with a desired wavelength transmitted separately by the antenna elements may interact or interfere constructively and destructively along various directions (such as to form a desired beam) . For example, given an expected range of wavelengths or frequencies, the spacing may provide a quarter wavelength, a half wavelength, or another fraction of a wavelength of spacing between neighboring antenna elements to allow for the desired constructive and destructive interference patterns of signals transmitted by the separate antenna elements within that expected range.
[0131] The amplitudes and / or phases of signals transmitted via antenna elements and / or sub-elements may be modulated and shifted relative to each other (such as by manipulating phase shift, phase offset, and / or amplitude) to generate one or more beams, which is referred to as beamforming. The term “beam” may refer to a directional transmission of a wireless signal toward a receiving device or otherwise in a desired direction. “Beam” may also generally refer to a direction associated with such a directional signal transmission, a set of directional resources associated with the signal transmission (for example, an angle of arrival, a horizontal direction, and / or a vertical direction) , and / or a set of parameters that indicate one or more aspects of a directional signal, a direction associated with the signal, and / or a set of directional resources associated with the signal. In some implementations, antenna elements may be individually selected or deselected for directional transmission of a signal (or signals) by controlling amplitudes of one or more corresponding amplifiers and / or phases of the signal (s) to form one or more beams. The shape of a beam (such as the amplitude, width, and / or presence of side lobes) and / or the direction of a beam (such as an angle of the beam relative to a surface of an antenna array) can be dynamically controlled by modifying the phase shifts, phase offsets, and / or amplitudes of the multiple signals relative to each other.
[0132] Different UEs 220 or network nodes 210 may include different numbers of antenna elements. For example, a UE 220 may include a single antenna element, two antenna elements, four antenna elements, eight antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. As another example, a network node 210 may include eight antenna elements, 24 antenna elements, 64 antenna elements, 128 antenna elements, or a different number of antenna elements. Generally, a larger number of antenna elements may provide increased control over parameters for beam generation relative to a smaller number of antenna elements, whereas a smaller number of antenna elements may be less complex to implement and may use less power than a larger number of antenna elements. Multiple antenna elements may support multiple-layer transmission, in which a first layer of a communication (which may include a first data stream) and a second layer of a communication (which may include a second data stream) are transmitted using the same time and frequency resources with spatial multiplexing.
[0133] Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture 400, in accordance with the present disclosure. One or more components of the example disaggregated base station architecture 400 may be, may include, or may be included in one or more network nodes (such one or more network nodes 210) . The disaggregated base station architecture 400 may include a CU 410 that can communicate directly with a core network 420 via a backhaul link, or that can communicate indirectly with the core network 420 via one or more disaggregated control units, such as a Non-RT RIC 450 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 460 and / or a Near-RT RIC 470 (for example, via an E2 link) . The CU 410 may communicate with one or more DUs 430 via respective midhaul links, such as via F1 interfaces. Each of the DUs 430 may communicate with one or more RUs 440 via respective fronthaul links. Each of the RUs 440 may communicate with one or more UEs 220 via respective RF access links. In some deployments, a UE 220 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 440.
[0134] Each of the components of the disaggregated base station architecture 400, including the CUs 410, the DUs 430, the RUs 440, the Near-RT RICs 470, the Non-RT RICs 450, and the SMO Framework 460, may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces for receiving or transmitting signals, such as data or information, via a wired or wireless transmission medium.
[0135] In some aspects, the CU 410 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with a CU-CP unit via an interface, such as the E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 410 may be deployed to communicate with one or more DUs 430, as necessary, for network control and signaling. Each DU 430 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 440. For example, a DU 430 may host various layers, such as an RLC layer, a MAC layer, or one or more PHY layers, such as one or more high PHY layers or one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (which also may be referred to as a module) may be implemented with an interface for communicating signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 430, or for communicating signals with the control functions hosted by the CU 410. Each RU 440 may implement lower layer functionality. In some aspects, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 440 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 430.
[0136] The SMO Framework 460 may support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 460 may support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface, such as an O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 460 may interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) platform 490) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface, such as an O2 interface. A virtualized network element may include, but is not limited to, a CU 410, a DU 430, an RU 440, a non-RT RIC 450, and / or a Near-RT RIC 470. In some aspects, the SMO Framework 460 may communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, a 5G NR RAN, and / or a 6G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 480, via an O1 interface. Additionally or alternatively, the SMO Framework 460 may communicate directly with each of one or more RUs 440 via a respective O1 interface. In some deployments, this configuration can enable each DU 430 and the CU 410 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0137] The Non-RT RIC 450 may include or may implement a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, AI / ML workflows including model training and updates, and / or policy-based guidance of applications and / or features in the Near-RT RIC 470. The Non-RT RIC 450 may be coupled to or may communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 470. The Near-RT RIC 470 may include or may implement a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions via an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 410, one or more DUs 430, and / or an O-eNB with the Near-RT RIC 470.
[0138] In some aspects, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 470, the Non-RT RIC 450 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 470 and may be received at the SMO Framework 460 or the Non-RT RIC 450 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 450 or the Near-RT RIC 470 may tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 450 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and may employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO Framework 460 (such as reconfiguration via an O1 interface) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 interface policies) .
[0139] The network node 210, the controller / processor 340 of the network node 210, the UE 220, the controller / processor 380 of the UE 220, the CU 410, the DU 430, the RU 440, or any other component (s) of Figures 1, 2, 3 or 4 may implement one or more techniques or perform one or more operations associated with a monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. For example, the controller / processor 340 of the network node 210, the controller / processor 380 of the UE 220, any other component (s) of Fig. 3, the CU 410, the DU 430, or the RU 440 may perform or direct operations of, for example, process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, or other processes as described herein (alone or in conjunction with one or more other processors) . The memory 342 may store data and program codes for the network node 210, the network node 210, the CU 410, the DU 430, or the RU 440. The memory 382 may store data and program codes for the UE 220. In some examples, the memory 342 or the memory 382 may include a non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions (for example, code or program code) for wireless communication. The memory 342 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . The memory 382 may include one or more memories, such as a single memory or multiple different memories (of the same type or of different types) . For example, the set of instructions, when executed (for example, directly, or after compiling, converting, or interpreting) by one or more processors of the network node 210, the UE 220, the CU 410, the DU 430, or the RU 440, may cause the one or more processors to perform process 1400 of Fig. 14, process 1500 of Fig. 15, or other processes as described herein. In some examples, executing instructions may include running the instructions, converting the instructions, compiling the instructions, and / or interpreting the instructions, among other examples.
[0140] In some aspects, UE 220 may include means for receiving, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; means for transmitting, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or means for receiving, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity. Additionally, or alternatively, UE 220 may include means for transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; means for receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or means for transmitting, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of UE 220 described in connection with Fig. 3, such as controller / processor 380, transmit processor 364, TX MIMO processor 366, antenna 352, modem 354, MIMO detector 356, receive processor 358, or the like.
[0141] In some aspects, network node 210 may include means for transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; means for receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and / or means for transmitting, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity. In some aspects, such means may include one or more components of network node 210 described in connection with Fig. 3, such as antenna 334, MIMO detector 336, receive processor 338, controller / processor 340, transmit processor 314, TX MIMO processor 316, modem 332, antenna 334, or the like.
[0142] Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating examples 500, 510, and 520 associated with different types of ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0143] Example 500 illustrates components of a passive ambient IoT device. As shown, passive ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 525 and a passive radio 530. For example, the passive radio 530 may be configured to backscatter a carrier wave (CW) . For example, passive ambient IoT devices may not include energy storage. The passive ambient IoT devices may harvest energy (e.g., via the energy harvester 525) to power the passive radio 530 to enable the passive radio 530 to perform reception and transmission operations.
[0144] Example 510 illustrates components of a semi-passive ambient IoT device. As shown, semi-passive ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 540, an energy storage 550, and / or a low-complexity semi-passive radio 560. For example, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 560 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 540, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 550, and / or backscatter a CW.
[0145] Example 520 illustrates components of an active ambient IoT device. As shown, active ambient IoT devices may include an energy harvester 540, an energy storage 550, and / or a low-complexity (for example, low-cost) active radio 570. For example, the low-complexity active radio 570 may be configured to harvest energy from a CW using the energy harvester 540, store energy from a CW using the energy storage 550, and / or backscatter a CW.
[0146] Ambient IoT devices may be categorized into at least three types of devices: device 1, device 2a, and device 2b. Device 1 type ambient IoT devices may include at least some passive and / or semi-passive devices. A device 1 type ambient IoT device may have approximately 1 microwatt (μW) peak power consumption, support energy storage, use an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm (for example, where X can be any suitable value) , and communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs.
[0147] Device 2a type ambient IoT devices may include at least some semi-passive devices, and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may include active devices. Both device 2a and device 2b type ambient IoT devices may have less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, support energy storage, and use an initial SFO up to 10X ppm. A device 2a type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by backscattering externally-provided CWs. A device 2b type ambient IoT device may communicate uplink transmissions by internally generating the uplink transmission.
[0148] In some examples, device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type ambient IoT devices that are located indoors may support a maximum distance of 10-50 m, a range which may be sub-selected. In Topology 1 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may directly and bidirectionally communicate with one or more network nodes 210) and in Topology 2 (for example, in which an ambient IoT device may communicate bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the ambient IoT device and a network node 210) , device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type ambient IoT devices may not support RRC states, mobility (for example, cell-selection / re-selection-like functionality) , automatic repeat request (ARQ) , or hybrid ARQ (HARQ) .
[0149] As indicated above, Fig. 5 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 5.
[0150] Fig. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example 600 associated with backscatter communications, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0151] Some wireless communication devices may be considered IoT devices, such as ambient IoT devices (sometimes referred to as ultra-light IoT devices) , or similar IoT devices. In ambient IoT, a terminal (for example, a radio frequency identification (RFID) device, a tag, or a similar device) may not include a battery, and the terminal may accumulate energy from radio signaling. To achieve further cost reduction and zero-power communication, wireless networks may utilize a type of ambient IoT device referred to as an “ambient backscatter device” or a “backscatter device. ”
[0152] As shown in Fig. 6, a backscatter device 605 (for example, a tag or a sensor, among other examples) , which may be one example of an ambient IoT device such as a passive, semi-passive, or active ambient IoT device described with regard to Fig. 5, may employ a simplified hardware design (for example, including a power splitter, an energy harvester, and a microcontroller) that does not include a battery, such that the backscatter device 605 relies on energy harvesting for power, and that does not include a radio wave generation circuit, such that the backscatter device 605 is capable of transmitting information only by reflecting a radio wave. More particularly, the backscatter device 605 communicates with a reader 608 (for example, a UE 220, a network node 210, a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) or another network device) by modulating a reflecting radio signal from an RF source 610 (for example, a network node 210, a UE 220, or another network device) . In some examples, the RF source 610 and the reader 608 may be the same device and / or may be co-located. For example, in some instances, the reader 608 and the RF source 610 may be associated with the same network node 210.
[0153] To facilitate communication of the backscatter device 605, the RF source 610 may transmit an energy harvesting wave to the backscatter device 605. The energy harvesting wave may be transmitted for a sufficient duration in order to enable a communication phase for a target range between the reader 608 and the backscatter device 605. Additionally, or alternatively, in some instances, a range between the RF source 610 and the backscatter device 605 may be limited by a minimum received power for triggering energy harvesting at the backscatter device 605, such as -20 decibel milliwatts (dBm) .
[0154] Once energy is sufficiently accumulated at the backscatter device 605, the backscatter device 605 may begin to reflect the radio wave that is radiated onto the backscatter device 605 via a backscatter link 615. For example, the RF source 610 may initiate a communication session (sometimes referred to as a query-response communication) with a query, which may be a modulating envelope of a CW. The backscatter device 605 may respond by backscattering of the CW. The communication session may include multiple rounds, such as for purposes of contention resolution when multiple backscatter devices respond to a query. A channel between the RF source 610 and the backscatter device 605 of the backscatter link 615 may be associated with a first backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a first backscatter link channel coefficient or a first backscatter link gain value) , hBD. As described below, the backscatter device 605 may have reflection-on periods and reflection-off periods that follow a pattern that is based at least in part on the transmission of information bits by the backscatter device 605. The reader 608 may detect the reflection pattern of the backscatter device 605 and obtain the backscatter communication information via the backscatter link 615. A channel between the reader 608 and the backscatter device 605 of the backscatter link 615 may be associated with a second backscatter link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a second backscatter link channel coefficient or a second backscatter link channel gain value) , hDU. In addition, the RF source 610 and the reader 608 may communicate (for example, reference signals and / or data signals) via a direct link 620. A channel between the RF source 610 and the reader 608 of the direct link 620 may be associated with a direct link channel response value (sometimes referred to as a direct link channel coefficient or a direct link channel gain value) , hBU shown by reference number 625.
[0155] Thus, the resulting signal received at the reader 608, which is the superposition of the signal received via the direct link 620 and the signal received via the backscatter link 615, may be denoted as y (n) . This signal, y (n) , is shown by reference number 635. As shown, when s (n) =0 (indicated by reference number 640 in the plot shown at reference number 630) , the backscatter device 605 may switch off reflection, and thus the reader 608 receives only the direct link 620 signal. When s (n) =1 (indicated by reference number 645 in the plot shown at reference number 630) , the backscatter device 605 may switch on reflection, and thus the reader 608 receives a superposition of both the direct link 620 signal and the backscatter link 615 signal. To receive the information bits transmitted by the backscatter device 605, the reader 608 may first decode x (n) based at least in part on the direct link channel response value of hBU (n) by treating the backscatter link 615 signal as interference. The reader 608 may then detect the existence of the signal component.
[0156] As indicated above, Fig. 6 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 6.
[0157] Fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example 700 associated with an access procedure for ambient IoT devices, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 7, a reader 705 and one or more A-IoT devices 710 may communicate with one another to perform the access procedure. The reader 705 may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network node (e.g., the network node 210) , and / or a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, a network entity 104, or a network entity 106) . The A-IoT device 710 may be a UE (e.g., the UE 220) , a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102, a network entity 104, or a network entity 106) , a backscatter device (e.g., the backscatter device 605) , an ambient backscatter device, a terminal (such as an RFID device, a tag, or a similar device) , a passive IoT device, a semi-passive IoT device, and / or another type of A-IoT device as described in more detail in connection with Figs. 5 and 6.
[0158] In some examples, the reader 705 may transmit system information for A-IoT devices. For example, the system information may include access procedure configuration information. The access procedure configuration information may include one or more parameters to be used in the access procedure, such as one or more parameters for transmitting an access procedure communication and / or one or more parameters for receiving an access procedure communication, as described herein. The system information may include an identifier of the reader 705. In some examples, the reader 705 may transmit the system information via a physical channel communication. The physical channel may be a communication channel defined for reader-to-device (R2D) data transmissions (e.g., a physical R2D channel (PRDCH) ) .
[0159] The access procedure may be a contention-based access procedure, such as a random access procedure (e.g., an additive links online Hawaii area (ALOHA) random access procedure or a slotted-ALOHA random access procedure) . For example, the access procedure may be an A-IoT contention-based procedure initiated by the reader 705. “Contention-based” access procedure refers to an access procedure in which resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (apreamble) , or other resources) for the access procedure are made available to multiple devices (e.g., multiple UEs or multiple A-IoT devices) for selection. In contention-based access procedures, a device attempting to establish access to a network may randomly select one of the resources. In contrast, non-contention-based access procedures may include a device (e.g., a network node or the reader 705) allocating dedicated resources (e.g., transmission occasions, time-frequency resources, a unique sequence (apreamble) , or other resources) for a given device to be used to establish access to the network. Contention-based access procedures may improve efficiency (e.g., because each device does not need to be allocated dedicated resources before the access procedure can be performed) and / or improve flexibility (such as for IoT scenarios where devices may enter and leave the network frequently) .
[0160] As shown by reference number 715, the reader 705 may transmit a first access procedure communication for the access procedure. The first access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 0, an msg. 0, and / or an inventory trigger message, among other examples. The first access procedure communication may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices including the A-IoT device 710. For example, the first access procedure communication may include a command (i.e., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices (e.g., including the A-IoT device 710) that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the reader 705) . In some examples, the first access procedure communication may include identifiers of respective A-IoT devices included in the set of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the first access procedure communication may be interleaved among multiple first access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the first access procedure communication may include an identifier of the reader 705.
[0161] The reader 705 may transmit the first access procedure communication to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time. For example, the reader 705 may be unaware of which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available or located in a given area at a given time. Therefore, the reader 705 may transmit the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 or an inventory trigger message) to initiate the access procedure (e.g., to enable the reader 705 to identify which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available and to establish a communication connection with one or more of the available A-IoT devices) .
[0162] As shown by reference number 720, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, a second access procedure communication for the access procedure. The second access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 1, an msg. 1, and / or an inventory trigger response, among other examples. For example, the A-IoT device 710 may receive the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 and / or the inventory trigger message) and identify that the A-IoT device 710 is to respond to the first access procedure communication. For example, the first access procedure communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 710. The A-IoT device 710 may identify that the A-IoT device 710 is to respond to the first access procedure communication based on, or otherwise associated with, the first access procedure communication including the identifier of the A-IoT device 710.
[0163] The second access procedure communication may include a preamble or other unique sequence (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, an access procedure sequence, or a RAM preamble) . The second access procedure communication may include a preamble identifier.
[0164] In some examples, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit the second access procedure communication with a frequency shift. For example, A-IoT devices (such as the A-IoT device 710) that receive the first access procedure communication and that the first access procedure communication includes an identifier of that A-IoT device may select a frequency shift (e.g., from a set of frequency shifts) to be used to transmit the response to the first access procedure communication (e.g., to transmit the second access procedure communication) . For example, the A-IoT device 710 may support one or more frequency shifts (e.g., frequency shifts associated with a backscatter signal) . For example, when transmitting the second access procedure communication, the A-IoT device 710 may apply (or add) a frequency shift to backscatter.
[0165] In some examples, the preamble or other unique sequence associated with the second access procedure communication may include an orthogonal sequence, such as a Hadamard sequence or another orthogonal sequence. Because the sequences are orthogonal, the reader 705 can distinguish between different preambles (e.g., from different A-IoT devices) even if the different preambles are transmitted at the same time. This reduces the chance that two A-IoT devices choosing the same sequence will interfere with each other, as the reader 705 can differentiate between the signals (e.g., thereby reducing the likelihood of collisions associated with msg. 1 transmissions by multiple A-IoT devices) .
[0166] As shown by reference number 725, the reader 705 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 710 may receive, a third access procedure communication. The third access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 2, an msg. 2, and / or a random access response, among other examples. The third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the sequence included in the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 720) . Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may include information indicative of the detected frequency shift applied to the second access procedure communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 710. Additionally, or alternatively, the third access procedure communication may indicate a resource allocation to be used by the A-IoT device 710 to transmit a fourth access procedure communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 730) . In some examples, the third access procedure communication may be interleaved among multiple third access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the third access procedure communication may include the identifier of the reader 705 and / or an index of the message indicated by the third access procedure communication.
[0167] As shown by reference number 730, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit, and the reader 705 may receive, a fourth access procedure communication. The fourth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 3, an msg. 3, and / or a connection request message, among other examples. For example, the A-IoT device 710 may transmit the fourth access procedure communication based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with detecting the third access procedure communication that includes information indicative of the sequence transmitted by the A-IoT device 710 (e.g., in the second access procedure communication) and / or of the frequency shift applied by the A-IoT device 710.
[0168] The fourth access procedure communication may include information indicative of a device type, an identifier, a group, and / or other information about the A-IoT device 710. The reader 705 may use the information included in the fourth access procedure communication for contention resolution.
[0169] As shown by reference number 735, the reader 705 may transmit, and the A-IoT device may receive, a fifth access procedure communication. The fifth access procedure communication may be referred to as a message 4, an msg. 4, and / or a connection setup message, among other examples. In some examples, the fifth access procedure communication may include the detected A-IoT device identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. The reader 705 and the A-IoT device 710 may establish a communication connection based on, or otherwise associated with, the communication of the fifth access procedure communication.
[0170] As described above, to improve communication efficiency, multiple A-IoT devices (including the A-IoT device 710) may transmit a response to the first access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 0 and / or the inventory trigger message) . For example, multiple A-IoT devices (including the A-IoT device 710) may transmit msg. 1 communications to the reader 705. The multiple responses may be multiplexed in the time domain, the frequency domain, and / or the code domain, among other examples (e.g., the multiple responses may be time division multiplexed, frequency division multiplexed, and / or code division multiplexed) . The reader 705 may transmit multiple responses (e.g., multiple msg. 2 communications) for respective msg. 1 communications of the multiple msg. 1 communications received by the reader 705. However, the reader 705 may be unable to multiplex the multiple msg. 2 communications because of the limited capabilities of A-IoT devices (e.g., the A-IoT devices may be unable to perform a filtering operation for multiplexed communications) .
[0171] Therefore, the multiple A-IoT devices (including the A-IoT device 710) that transmit msg. 1 communications to the reader 705 may need to monitor for a msg. 2 communication from the reader 705 for a relatively long period of time (e.g., because the reader 705 may not multiplex the multiple msg. 2 communications due to the reduced or limited capabilities of the A-IoT devices) . The monitoring for a msg. 2 communication from the reader 705 may consume significant power resources of the A-IoT devices (e.g., which may have limited power supplies or available power resources) . However, reducing or narrowing the monitoring window for the msg. 2 communications may be difficult because different types of A-IoT devices may have different monitoring capabilities. For example, device 1, device 2a, and / or device 2b type A-IoT devices may have different monitoring capabilities. The reader 705 may be unaware of which type of devices will transmit the msg. 1 communications to the reader 705. Therefore, configuring an appropriate monitoring window (s) for the msg. 2 communications from the reader 705 may be difficult because the appropriate monitoring window (s) may be based on, or otherwise associated with, the type (s) of A-IoT devices that transmit the msg. 1 communications to the reader 705 (e.g., which may be difficult to predict or identify by the reader 705) .
[0172] As indicated above, Fig. 7 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 7.
[0173] Fig. 8 is a diagram of an example 800 associated with a monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 8, a reader 805 (e.g., a network entity, the reader 705, a network node 210, UE 220, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) may communicate with an A-IoT device 810 (e.g., a network entity, A-IoT device 710, UE 220, a RedCap UE, a backscatter device, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) . In some aspects, the reader 805 and the A-IoT device 810 may be part of a wireless network (e.g., the environment 100 and / or the wireless communication network 200) .
[0174] Although some examples are described herein in connection with an access procedure for A-IoT devices, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of devices, such as IoT devices, RedCap UEs, MTC UEs, and / or other devices having limited or reduced capabilities (e.g., as compared to a baseline device or baseline UE) . Additionally, although some examples are described herein in connection with a four-step access procedure, the techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied for other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure. For example, the monitoring window (s) described herein may be applicable to any access procedure communication from a reader to an A-IoT device as part of a contention-based A-IoT access procedure.
[0175] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 810 may optionally transmit, and the reader 805 may receive, capability information. The A-IoT device 810 may transmit the capability information via a backscatter signal, a backward signal, a device-to-reader (D2R) communication, a D2R data communication, a broadcast channel, an uplink communication, a UE assistance information (UAI) communication, a UCI communication, a MAC-CE communication, among other examples. The capability information may indicate one or more parameters associated with respective capabilities of the A-IoT device 810. The one or more parameters may be indicated via respective information elements (IEs) included in a capability report.
[0176] The capability information may indicate whether the A-IoT device 810 supports a feature and / or one or more parameters related to the feature. For example, the capability information may indicate a capability and / or parameter for A-IoT access procedures. For example, the capability information may indicate that the A-IoT device 810 supports a contention-based access procedure, such as the access procedure described in connection with Fig. 7. As another example, the capability report may indicate a capability and / or parameter for supported monitoring window (s) for msg. 2 communications associated with A-IoT access procedures. For example, the capability information may indicate one or more supported durations of a monitoring window for msg. 2 communications associated with A-IoT access procedures. One or more operations described herein may be based on capability information. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may perform a communication in accordance with the capability information, or may receive configuration information that is in accordance with the capability information. In some aspects, the capability information may indicate a type or group associated with the A-IoT device 810, such as a device 1 type A-IoT devices, device 2A type A-IoT devices, or device 2B type A-IoT device, among other examples. In some aspects, the capability information may indicate an identifier of the A-IoT device 810.
[0177] In some aspects, the capability information may indicate one or more clock parameters of the A-IoT device 810. For example, the capability information may indicate a clock reliability parameter or a clock drift parameter, among other examples. The one or more clock parameters may be indicative of a quality or performance level of a clock maintained by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., which may facilitate a determination by the reader 805 of monitoring window durations, as described herein) . In some aspects, the capability information may indicate whether the A-IoT device 810 supports filtering (e.g., a filtering capability) . This enables the reader 805 to determine whether the reader 805 can transmit frequency division multiplexed signals to the A-IoT device 810.
[0178] In some aspects, the reader 805 may optionally transmit, and the A-IoT device 810 may receive, configuration information. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 810 may receive the configuration information via one or more of system information, an R2D communication, an R2D data channel communication, an R2D control channel communication, an access link, and / or a forward link among other examples.
[0179] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters may be selected, activated, and / or deactivated by a subsequent indication. For example, the subsequent indication may select a candidate configuration and / or communication parameter from the one or more candidate configurations and / or communication parameters. In some aspects, the subsequent indication (e.g., an indication described herein) may include a dynamic indication, such as one or more MAC-CEs and / or one or more control information messages, among other examples. In some aspects, the configuration information may be at least partially included in an inventory trigger communication (e.g., a msg. 0) described herein.
[0180] In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate one or more configuration parameters for an A-IoT access procedure. For examples, the one or more configuration parameters may indicate one or more access occasions (AOs) for msg. 1 transmissions. An AO may include one or more time-frequency resources that are available for an A-IoT device to use for an access procedure communication transmission, such as a msg. 1 transmission. In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate timeline information for the access procedure. For example, the configuration information may indicate a pattern of messages or communications for the access procedure. For example, the configuration information may indicate that the reader 805 will communicate time division multiplexed communications (e.g., msg. 2, msg. 3, and / or msg. 4) consecutively for a given A-IoT device or given group of A-IoT devices after msg. 1 communications from a set of A-IoT devices (e.g., completing the access procedure for a given A-IoT device or given group of A-IoT devices before moving on to an msg. 2 for another A-IoT device or another group of A-IoT devices) .
[0181] As another example, the configuration information may indicate that after msg. 1 communications from a set of A-IoT devices, the reader 805 will transmit all msg. 2 communications in a time division multiplexed manner (e.g., for A-IoT devices whose msg. 1 transmission has been received by the reader 805) , followed by all msg. 3 communications for the set of A-IoT devices (e.g., in a time division multiplexed manner, a frequency division multiplexed manner, and / or a code division multiplexed manner) , followed by all msg. 4 communications in a time division multiplexed manner (e.g., for A-IoT devices whose msg. 3 transmission has been received by the reader 805) . In some aspects, the configuration information may indicate that the reader 805 will transmit a single msg. 2 communication for all A-IoT devices whose msg. 1 transmission has been received by the reader 805.
[0182] The configuration information may include timing information for one or more monitoring windows associated with the access procedure. The timing information may indicate a duration and / or starting time domain location for a given monitoring window. The monitoring window may be associated with an access procedure communication (e.g., an msg. 2 communication) that is to be transmitted by the reader 805. The timing information may be indicated as described in more detail elsewhere herein.
[0183] In some aspects, the configuration information may at least partially be defined by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP. In such examples, the reader 805 may not explicitly indicate the configuration information to the A-IoT device 810. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may obtain the configuration information from a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) configuration) . In some aspects, the configuration information may include a parameter or index that is indicative of information defined, or otherwise fixed, by wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP (e.g., rather than explicitly indicating the information) .
[0184] The A-IoT device 810 may configure itself based at least in part on the configuration information. In some aspects, the A-IoT device 810 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein based at least in part on the configuration information.
[0185] As shown by reference number 815, the reader 805 may transmit an inventory trigger communication (e.g., a msg. 0) . The reader 805 may transmit the inventory trigger message via an R2D communication. The inventory trigger message may be associated with (e.g., transmitted via) a communication channel defined for R2D data transmissions (e.g., a PRDCH) . The inventory trigger communication may include information indicative of a set of A-IoT devices including the A-IoT device 810. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include a command (i.e., a query) to indicate a specified group of A-IoT devices (e.g., including the A-IoT device 810) that are to respond (e.g., to establish a communication connection with the reader 805) . In some examples, the inventory trigger communication may include identifiers of respective A-IoT devices included in the set of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the inventory trigger communication may indicate a type of A-IoT device (e.g., device 1, device 2, or device 2A) and / or a group of A-IoT devices. In some examples, the first access procedure communication may be interleaved among multiple first access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the first access procedure communication may include an identifier of the reader 805.
[0186] The reader 805 may transmit the inventory trigger communication to locate or identify A-IoT devices that are available in a given area at a given time. For example, the reader 805 may be unaware of which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available or located in a given area at a given time. Therefore, the reader 805 may transmit the inventory trigger communication (e.g., the msg. 0) to initiate the access procedure (e.g., to enable the reader 805 to identify which and / or how many A-IoT devices are available and to establish a communication connection with one or more of the available A-IoT devices) .
[0187] In some aspects, the inventory trigger communication may include information that is indicative of one or more monitoring windows associated with the access procedure. The one or more monitoring windows may be monitoring windows during which the A-IoT device 810 is to monitor for one or more communications from the reader 805 for the access procedure, such as a msg. 2 communication. For example, the inventory trigger communication may indicate durations of one or more monitoring windows. Additionally, or alternatively, the inventory trigger communication may indicate starting time domain locations of one or more monitoring windows.
[0188] In some aspects, every inventory trigger communication (e.g., every msg. 0 communication) may include the information that is indicative of one or more monitoring windows associated with the access procedure. In other aspects, only one (e.g., a single) inventory trigger communication (e.g., a first (e.g., in time) msg. 0 communication transmitted among a multi-round contention based access procedure) may include the information that is indicative of one or more monitoring windows associated with the access procedure (e.g., the reader 805 may include the information that is indicative of one or more monitoring windows through a first msg. 0 among one contention based access procedure) .
[0189] In some aspects, the monitoring window (s) may be defined by information included in the inventory trigger communication and information in a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., defined, or otherwise fixed, by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP) . For example, a first one or more parameters of the monitoring window (s) may be defined by information included in the inventory trigger communication and a second one or more parameters of the monitoring window (s) may be defined by information included in a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., the second one or more parameters may be defined, or otherwise fixed, by a wireless communication standard, such as the 3GPP) . For example, a starting time domain location (e.g., a start monitoring point) for a monitoring window may be indicated via the inventory trigger communication and a duration of the monitoring window may be defined by information included in a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., the duration may be defined, or otherwise fixed, by a wireless communication standard) .
[0190] As shown by reference number 820, the A-IoT device 810 may transmit, and the reader 805 may receive, a first access procedure communication for the access procedure (e.g., a message 1, an msg. 1, and / or an inventory trigger response, among other examples as described in connection with reference number 720 and Fig. 7) . In some aspects, the A-IoT device 810 may transmit an msg. 1 communication via a backscatter signal. The A-IoT device 810 may receive the inventory trigger communication and identify that the A-IoT device 810 is to respond to the inventory trigger communication. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include an identifier of the A-IoT device 810. The A-IoT device 810 may identify that the A-IoT device 810 is to respond to the inventory trigger communication based on, or otherwise associated with, the first access procedure communication including the identifier of the A-IoT device 810 and / or the inventory trigger communication indicating an A-IoT device type or group associated with the A-IoT device 810.
[0191] The msg. 1 communication may include a preamble or other unique sequence (sometimes referred to as a random access preamble, a PRACH preamble, an access procedure sequence, or a RAM preamble) . In some examples, the preamble or other unique sequence associated with the msg. 1 communication may include an orthogonal sequence, such as a Hadamard sequence or another orthogonal sequence.
[0192] The msg. 1 communication may include a preamble identifier. In some examples, the A-IoT device 810 may transmit the second access procedure communication with a frequency shift. For example, A-IoT devices (such as the A-IoT device 810) that receive the inventory trigger message and that the inventory trigger message indicates that A-IoT device may select a frequency shift (e.g., from a set of frequency shifts) to be used to transmit the response to the inventory trigger message (e.g., to transmit the msg. 1 communication) . For example, the A-IoT device 810 may support one or more frequency shifts (e.g., frequency shifts associated with a backscatter signal) . For example, when transmitting the msg. 1 communication, the A-IoT device 810 may apply (or add) a frequency shift to a backscatter signal.
[0193] As shown by reference number 825, the A-IoT device 810 may identify a monitoring window for a msg. 2 communication. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may identify a monitoring window during which the A-IoT device 810 is to monitor for an access procedure communication (e.g., an msg. 2 communication or another communication) from the reader 805. Examples of different monitoring windows for the access procedure are depicted and described in more detail in connection with Figs. 9A, 9B, and 10-13.
[0194] In some aspects, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, information included in the inventory trigger communication. For example, the inventory trigger communication may include information indicative of a starting time domain location (e.g., a start monitoring point in time) and / or a duration of the monitoring window for the A-IoT device 810. Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, information associated with the transmission of the msg. 1 communication (e.g., transmitted by the A-IoT device 810 as described in connection with reference number 820) . For example, a timing of the monitoring window (e.g., a starting time domain location) may be defined relative to a timing of the transmission of the msg. 1 communication. As an example, one or more parameters associated with the monitoring window may include a time gap. The time gap may be indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window (e.g., of a starting time domain location) . The time gap may be indicated relative to the timing of the transmission of the msg. 1 communication (e.g., may be relative to the time-frequency resources used to transmit the msg. 1 communication) . For example, the time gap may indicate an amount of time between an end of the transmission of the msg. 1 communication and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window. Additionally, or alternatively, the time gap may be indicated relative to the timing of an access occasion used by the A-IoT device 810 to transmit the msg. 1 communication. For example, the time gap may indicate an amount of time between a last time domain resource of the access occasion and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window.
[0195] In some aspects, the time gap may be indicated relative to the timing of a last (e.g., in time) configured access occasion that corresponds to the inventory trigger communication (e.g., that corresponds to the msg. 0 communication) . For example, the inventory trigger communication may be associated with (e.g., may indicate or configure) a set of access occasions available for use by A-IoT devices that receive the inventory trigger communication. The time gap may be indicated relative to the timing of the last (e.g., in time) configured access occasion indicated or configured by the inventory trigger communication (e.g., that is transmitted by the reader 805 as described in connection with reference number 815) . For example, the time gap may indicate an amount of time between a last time domain resource of the last access occasion and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window.
[0196] In some aspects, the monitoring window may be common for a set of A-IoT devices that include the A-IoT device 810. For example, the inventory trigger communication (and / or preconfigured information) may indicate that the monitoring window is common for all A-IoT devices that respond to the inventory trigger message. In such examples, the common monitoring window may have a common monitoring duration for the set of A-IoT devices. The common monitoring window may be defined relative to a time gap between the end of the msg. 1 transmission and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window, as described above (e.g., and as depicted in Fig. 9A) . For example, each access occasion may be associated with a dedicated time gap to indicate the starting time domain location of the common monitoring window. As another example, the starting time domain location of the monitoring window may be defined relative to a time gap between the last access occasion and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window, as described above (e.g., and as depicted in Fig. 9B) .
[0197] In some aspects, a common monitoring window may be indicated or configured in a scenario where the access procedure is associated with (e.g., involves) A-IoT devices having different A-IoT device types. In such examples, the common monitoring window may be indicated or configured in a similar manner as described above. In some examples, the common monitoring window may have different starting time domain locations and / or different durations for different A-IoT device types (e.g., as depicted in Fig. 11) . For example, the monitoring window may be common in that the monitoring window spans all possible time domain locations during which a msg. 2 communication may be transmitted by the reader 805. However, different A-IoT device types may monitor the common monitoring window starting at different times and / or for different durations.
[0198] In some examples, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger message may indicate starting time domain locations for respective A-IoT devices types (e.g., may indicate the start monitoring point per A-IoT device type) for the common monitoring window. As another example, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger message may indicate a starting time domain location for a given A-IoT device type and may indicate offset values for respective A-IoT devices types of one or more other A-IoT device types. The offset values may indicate time offsets relative to the starting time domain location to indicate starting time domain locations for the one or more other A-IoT device types.
[0199] In some examples, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger message may indicate a common duration for the common monitoring window for all A-IoT device types (e.g., with the same starting time domain location or with different starting time domain locations) . In such examples, the common duration may be based on, or otherwise associated with, a clock reliability of an A-IoT device type that is indicative of a worst clock reliability among the multiple A-IoT device types. For example, the duration may be long enough to improve the likelihood that A-IoT devices having the worst clock reliability among the multiple A-IoT device types are able to detect and receive an access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) during the common monitoring window.
[0200] In other examples, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger message may indicate durations for respective A-IoT devices types (e.g., may indicate the monitoring duration per A-IoT device type) for the common monitoring window. As another example, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger message may indicate a duration of the common monitoring window for a given A-IoT device type and may indicate offset values for respective A-IoT devices types of one or more other A-IoT device types. The offset values may indicate time offsets relative to the duration to indicate durations for the one or more other A-IoT device types In some examples, two or more A-IoT device types may use the same duration for the common monitoring window. For example, device 1 type A-IoT devices and device 2A type A-IoT device may be configured with the same duration for the common monitoring window and device 2B type A-IoT devices may be configured with a different duration for the common monitoring window. As another example, device 2A type A-IoT devices and device 2B type A-IoT device may be configured with the same duration for the common monitoring window and device 1 type A-IoT devices may be configured with a different duration for the common monitoring window.
[0201] In some other aspects, the monitoring window may be specific to the access occasion and / or msg. 1 communication. For example, the inventory trigger communication (and / or preconfigured information) may indicate monitoring windows for respective access occasions, msg. 1 communications, and / or A-IoT device types (e.g., if the access procedure is associated with multiple A-IoT device types) . For example, different msg. 1 communications or different subset of msg. 1 communications may have different monitoring windows. For example, the monitoring window may be associated with (e.g., related to or specific to) a resource identifier (e.g., an identifier of an access occasion) of time-frequency resources used by the A-IoT device 810 to transmit the msg. 1 communication (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 820) . The resource identifier may be a time division multiplexing (TDM) -based identifier (e.g., all msg. 1 communications that use the same time domain resources will have the same resource identifier and, therefore, the same monitoring window) . As another example, the resource identifier may be a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) -based identifier (e.g., all msg. 1 communications that use the same frequency domain resources will have the same resource identifier and, therefore, the same monitoring window) . As another example, the resource identifier may be a TDM and FDM based resource identifier (e.g., all msg. 1 communications that use the same frequency domain resources and the same time domain resources will have the same resource identifier and, therefore, the same monitoring window) . Additionally, or alternatively, the resource identifier may be associated with (e.g., related to or specific to) code information of the msg. 1 communication. The code information may include a code identifier of code resources used for a code division multiplexing transmission of the msg. 1 communication by the A-IoT device 810.
[0202] In such examples (e.g., where the monitoring window is associated with, or specific to, the msg. 1 communication of the A-IoT device 810 as depicted in Fig. 10) , the monitoring window may be defined relative to a time gap between the end of the msg. 1 transmission and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window, as described above. For example, each access occasion may be associated with a dedicated time gap to indicate the starting time domain location of the common monitoring window. As another example, the starting time domain location of the monitoring window may be defined relative to a time gap between the last access occasion and the starting time domain location of the monitoring window, as described above.
[0203] In some aspects, the multiple monitoring windows (e.g., for different msg. 1 communications) may have a common duration (e.g., a common monitoring duration) . In other aspects, the multiple monitoring windows (e.g., for different msg. 1 communications) may have different durations (e.g., different monitoring durations) . In some aspects, a monitoring window occurring later in time (e.g., relative to the start of the access procedure or the transmission of the inventory trigger communication) may have longer durations than a monitoring window occurring earlier in time. This may account for clock drifts or clock errors in A-IoT devices, thereby improving the likelihood that A-IoT devices monitoring during a monitoring window occurring later in time are able to detect and / or receive the msg. 2 communication.
[0204] In some aspects, the reader 805 may transmit a single msg. 2 communication that includes information for all A-IoT devices whose msg. 1 communications have been received by the reader 805. For example, the single msg. 2 communication may include information indicative of respective msg. 1 communications received by the reader 805. The information may include a resource identifier associated with the msg. 1 communication (e.g., a similar resource identifier as described elsewhere herein) . Additionally, or alternatively, the information may be indicative of information indicated by the A-IoT device 810 in the msg. 1 communication (e.g., a sequence or random number) . For example, a temporary identifier of the msg. 1 communication and / or the A-IoT device 810 may be included in the single msg. 2 communication. The temporary identifier may have a length or size that is based on the quantity of time-frequency resources used to transmit the msg. 1 communication. For example, a length X of the temporary identifier may be dependent on the quantity of Y of TDM / FDM resources for the msg. 1 communication. For example, (2X) ·Y can be fixed as 2N, where N is the length of sequence or random number which has been indicated in the msg. 1 communication (e.g., X=16 but Y=1 without multiplexing in Msg. 1, and X=12 and Y=16 if multiplexing is allowed for Msg. 1) . In such examples, where the reader 805 may transmit a single msg. 2 communication that includes information for all A-IoT devices whose msg. 1 communications have been received by the reader 805, the monitoring window may be a common monitoring window in a similar manner as described elsewhere herein.
[0205] In some aspects, different A-IoT device types may be associated with different monitoring windows (e.g., as shown in Figs. 11 and 13) , such as when the access procedure is associated with multiple A-IoT device types. For example, a device 1 type A-IoT device may use a first monitoring window and a device 2A type A-IoT device may use a second monitoring window. The different monitoring windows may be indicated or configured in a similar manner as described above (e.g., for one or more msg. 1 transmissions, one or more access occasions, and / or one or more resource identifiers, among other examples) . For example, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger communication may indicate a starting time domain location of a monitoring window relative to the end of a msg. 1 communication transmission and / or relative to a last allocated access occasion for the access procedure, as described in more detail elsewhere herein. In such examples, the starting time domain location may be indicated by different time gaps for respective A-IoT device types (e.g., the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger communication may indicate a time gap per A-IoT device type for the monitoring window) . As another example, the starting time domain location for the monitoring window may be indicated by a single time gap (e.g., to indicate a starting time domain location for a given A-IoT device type) and one or more offset values (e.g., to indicate one or more starting time domain locations for one or more other A-IoT device types) .
[0206] In some aspects, all monitoring windows may be associated a common duration (e.g., for different A-IoT device types) . In some other aspects, a monitoring window may be associated with multiple durations for respective A-IoT device type. In some aspects, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger communication may indicate durations for respective monitoring windows (e.g., indicate a monitoring duration per monitoring window) . Additionally, or alternatively, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger communication may indicate a duration per A-IoT device type (e.g., indicate a monitoring duration per device type) . In some aspects, the configuration information and / or the inventory trigger communication may indicate a duration for a given A-IoT device type and one or more offsets for respective durations for one or more other A-IoT device type. For example, the one or more offsets may indicate a time offset relative to the duration for the given A-IoT device type (e.g., to indicate durations for the one or more other A-IoT device type) .
[0207] The A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window during which the A-IoT device 810 is to monitor for an access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) from the reader 805 based on, or otherwise associated with, the information or factors described herein. For example, the IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, the configuration information (e.g., indicated by the inventory trigger communication and / or a configuration stored by the A-IoT device 810, such as an OEM configuration) . Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, a timing of the msg. 1 communication transmission from the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., transmitted by the A-IoT device 810 as described in connection with reference number 820) . Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, an access occasion and / or time-frequency resources used by the A-IoT device 810 to transmit the msg. 1 communication. Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, a timing of a last (e.g., last in time) access occasion configured for the access procedure (e.g., corresponding to the inventory trigger communication transmitted by the reader 805 as described in connection with reference number 815) . Additionally, or alternatively, the A-IoT device 810 may identify the monitoring window based on, or otherwise associated with, an A-IoT device type (e.g., device 1, device 2A, or device 2B) of the A-IoT device 810.
[0208] As shown by reference number 830, the A-IoT device 810 may monitor for signal (s) from the reader 805 during the monitoring window (e.g., that is identified by the A-IoT device 810 as described in more detail elsewhere herein) . As used herein, “monitoring” may refer to the A-IoT device 810 using one or more components (e.g., one or more RF components, a transceiver, and / or a radio, such as the passive radio 530, the low-complexity semi-passive radio 560, or the low-complexity active radio 570) to actively scan or process time-frequency resources associated with a channel, such as an R2D channel associated with the access procedure. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may monitor an R2D channel during the monitoring window. The A-IoT device 810 may refrain from monitoring outside of the monitoring window. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may not be expected to monitor for the msg. 2 communication outside of the monitoring window.
[0209] As shown by reference number 835, the reader 805 may transmit an access procedure communication (e.g., a msg. 2 communication) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the msg. 1 communication from the A-IoT device 810. The reader 805 may transmit the access procedure communication during the monitoring window. The A-IoT device 810 may receive the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) based on, or otherwise associated with, monitoring the R2D channel during the monitoring window. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may detect, decode, process, and / or otherwise receive the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) based on, or otherwise associated with, monitoring the R2D channel during the monitoring window.
[0210] The access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) may include information indicative of the sequence included in the msg. 1 communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 810 (e.g., as described in connection with reference number 820) . Additionally, or alternatively, the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) may include information indicative of the detected frequency shift applied to the msg. 1 communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 810. Additionally, or alternatively, the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) may indicate a resource allocation (e.g., a resource identifier or code identifier) used by the A-IoT device 810 to transmit the msg. 1 communication. In some examples, the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) may be interleaved among multiple third access procedure communications from respective readers. In such examples, the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) may include the identifier of the reader 805 and / or an index of the message indicated by the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) .
[0211] The A-IoT device 810 may detect or determine that the access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 2 communication) is intended for the A-IoT device 810. For example, the information included in the msg. 2 communication may be indicative of the A-IoT device 810 and / or the msg. 1 communication transmitted by the A-IoT device 810. Therefore, the A-IoT device 810 may determine that the A-IoT device 810 is to perform an action in response to receiving the msg. 2 communication. For example, the -IoT device 810 may determine that the A-IoT device 810 is to transmit an access procedure communication (e.g., msg. 3 communication) to the reader 805.
[0212] As shown by reference number 840, the A-IoT device 810 may transmit an access procedure communication (e.g., the msg. 3 communication) based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with receiving the msg. 2 communication from the reader 805. For example, the A-IoT device 810 may transmit the fourth access procedure communication based on, in response to, or otherwise associated with detecting the msg. 2 communication that includes information indicative of the sequence transmitted by the A-IoT device 81 (e.g., in the second access procedure communication) , of the frequency shift applied by the A-IoT device 810, and / or of other information associated with the A-IoT device 810. The msg. 3 communication may include information indicative of a device type, an identifier, a group, and / or other information about the A-IoT device 810. The reader 805 may use the information included in the msg. 3 for contention resolution.
[0213] As shown by reference number 845, the reader 805 may transmit, and the A-IoT device 810 may receive, an access procedure communication (e.g., a msg. 4 communication) . In some examples, the msg. 4 communication may include the detected A-IoT device identifier, a timing advance value, and / or contention resolution information. The reader 805 and the A-IoT device 810 may establish a communication connection based on, or otherwise associated with, the communication of the msg. 4 communication.
[0214] As indicated above, Fig. 8 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 8.
[0215] Figs. 9A and 9B are diagrams of an example 900 associated with a common monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The contention-based access procedure shown in Figs. 9A and 9B is a four-step A-IoT access procedure. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied to other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure.
[0216] The access procedure may include multiple access procedure communications, such as a msg. 0 communication (not shown in Figs. 9A and 9B) , a msg. 1 communication 905, an msg. 2 communication 910, an msg. 3 communication 915, and an msg. 4 communication 920. The example 900 may be an example in which a reader performs an access procedure for one or more A-IoT device after msg. 1 communication reception on a per device (or subset of device) basis. For example, the reader may perform each access procedure communication (e.g., in a TDM manner) for a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices (e.g., a msg. 2 communication 910, an msg. 3 communication 915, and an msg. 4 communication 920) before proceeding with a next set of access procedure communications for another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices. For example, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 910a, an msg. 3 communication 915a, and an msg. 4 communication 920a (e.g., with a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 910b, an msg. 3 communication 915b, and an msg. 4 communication 920b (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 910c, an msg. 3 communication 915c, and an msg. 4 communication 920c (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . The reader may perform access procedure communications (e.g., transmit or receive access procedure communications) in this manner for each A-IoT device that transmits a msg. 1 communication 905 (e.g., in response to an inventory trigger message transmitted by the reader) .
[0217] As shown in Figs. 9A and 9B, the reader (e.g., the reader 805) may receive one or more msg. 1 communications 905 (shown as msg. 1 communication 905a, msg. 1 communication 905b, and msg. 1 communication 905c) in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number 820 and Fig. 8. A common monitoring window 925 may be configured, indicated, or defined for all A-IoT devices that transmit the one or more msg. 1 communications 905. The monitoring window 925 may have a common duration for all A-IoT devices that transmit a msg. 1 communication 905. As shown in Figs. 9A and 9B, the duration of the monitoring window 925 may span at least to all time domain locations during which a msg. 2 communication 910 may be transmitted by the reader (e.g., thereby improving the likelihood that the A-IoT devices that transmit a msg. 1 communication 905 are able to detect and / or receive a msg. 2 communication 910) .
[0218] As shown in Fig. 9A, the monitoring window 925 may be defined by time gaps 930 relative to respective msg. 1 communications 905. For example, a time gap 930a may indicated an amount of time between an end of the msg. 1 communication 905a and a starting time domain location (e.g., a start monitoring point) of the monitoring window 925. A time gap 930b may indicated an amount of time between an end of the msg. 1 communication 905b and a starting time domain location (e.g., a start monitoring point) of the monitoring window 925. In some aspects, because the msg. 1 communication 905a and the msg. 1 communication 905b share the same time domain resources (e.g., are frequency division multiplexed) a single time gap 930 may be indicated for both the msg. 1 communication 905a and the msg. 1 communication 905b. A time gap 930c may indicated an amount of time between an end of the msg. 1 communication 905c and a starting time domain location (e.g., a start monitoring point) of the monitoring window 925. The time gaps 930 may be indicated or configured for access occasions and / or sets of access occasions for the access procedure.
[0219] As shown in Fig. 9B, the monitoring window 925 may be defined by time gaps 930 relative to a given access occasion 935 for the access procedure. For example, one or more access occasions 935 (shown as AO 935a, AO 935b, and AO 935c in Fig. 9B) may be configured or indicated for a given access procedure. A time gap 930 may indicate an amount of time between a given access occasion 935 and the start of the monitoring window 925. In some aspects, the given access occasion 935 may be the access occasion 935 that occurs last in time, shown as the AO 935c in Fig. 9B.
[0220] As indicated above, Figs. 9A and 9B are provided as examples. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Figs. 9A and 9B.
[0221] Fig. 10 is a diagram of an example 1000 associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The contention-based access procedure shown in Fig. 10 is a four-step A-IoT access procedure. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied to other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure.
[0222] The access procedure may include multiple access procedure communications, such as a msg. 0 communication (not shown in Fig. 10) , a msg. 1 communication 1005, an msg. 2 communication 1010, an msg. 3 communication 1015, and an msg. 4 communication 1020. The example 1000 may be an example in which a reader performs an access procedure for one or more A-IoT device after msg. 1 communication reception on a per device (or subset of device) basis. For example, the reader may perform each access procedure communication (e.g., in a TDM manner) for a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices (e.g., a msg. 2 communication 1010, an msg. 3 communication 1015, and an msg. 4 communication 1020) before proceeding with a next set of access procedure communications for another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices. For example, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1010a, an msg. 3 communication 1015a, and an msg. 4 communication 1020a (e.g., with a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1010b, an msg. 3 communication 1015b, and an msg. 4 communication 1020b (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1010c, an msg. 3 communication 1015c, and an msg. 4 communication 1020c (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . The reader may perform access procedure communications (e.g., transmit or receive access procedure communications) in this manner for each A-IoT device that transmits a msg. 1 communication 1005 (e.g., in response to an inventory trigger message transmitted by the reader) .
[0223] As shown in Fig. 10, different msg. 1 communications 1005 (e.g., different A-IoT devices and / or different A-IoT device types) may be associated with different monitoring windows 1025 for monitoring for the msg. 2 communications 1010. For example, a monitoring window 1025a may be indicated, configured, or defined, for an A-IoT device that transmits the msg. 1 communication 1005a. A monitoring window 1025b may be indicated, configured, or defined, for an A-IoT device that transmits the msg. 1 communication 1005b. Similarly, a monitoring window 1025c may be indicated, configured, or defined, for an A-IoT device that transmits the msg. 1 communication 1005c. This enables one or more durations of the monitoring windows 1025 to be reduced, thereby reducing the amount of time that an A-IoT device is monitoring for the msg. 2 communication 1010 and conserving power or energy of the A-IoT device that would have otherwise been used to monitor for the msg. 2 communication 1010 for a longer period of time. The monitoring windows 1025 may be indicated or configured as described in more detail elsewhere herein, such as in connection with Fig. 8.
[0224] In some aspects, the monitoring windows 1025 may have different durations. For example, the monitoring window 1025a may have a first duration, the monitoring window 1025b may have a second duration, and the monitoring windows 1025c may have a third duration. In some aspects, monitoring windows 1025 occurring later in time may have longer durations that monitoring windows 1025 occurring earlier in time. This may account for clock drift or error in A-IoT devices that have to track or maintain an amount of time for a longer period of time. For example, a first A-IoT device that monitors during the monitoring window 1025c may experience more clock drift or error than a second A-IoT device that monitors during the monitoring window 1025a because of the longer period of time that the first A-IoT device is maintain the clock. Therefore, the monitoring window 1025c may have a longer duration than the monitoring window 1025a to improve the likelihood that the first A-IoT device is able to detect and receive the msg. 2 communication 1010c and to reduce the amount of time that that second A-IoT device needs to monitor for the msg. 2 communication 1010a.
[0225] In some aspects, a given monitoring window 1025 may be associated with different starting time domain locations and / or different durations for different A-IoT device types. For example, the monitoring window 1025a may be associated with a first time domain starting location and / or a first duration for a first A-IoT device type (e.g., device 1 type A-IoT devices) , a second time domain starting location and / or a second duration for a second A-IoT device type (e.g., device 2A type A-IoT devices) , and / or a third time domain starting location and / or a third duration for a third A-IoT device type (e.g., device 2B type A-IoT devices) . This enables the monitoring window 1025 to be tailored to the capabilities of the A-IoT device that is monitoring during the monitoring window 1025, thereby improving power usage efficiency and / or improving the likelihood that the A-IoT device is able to detect and receive a msg. 2 communication 1010 during the monitoring window 1025.
[0226] As indicated above, Fig. 10 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 10.
[0227] Fig. 11 is a diagram of an example 1100 associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The contention-based access procedure shown in Fig. 11 is a four-step A-IoT access procedure. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied to other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure.
[0228] The access procedure may include multiple access procedure communications, such as a msg. 0 communication (not shown in Fig. 11) , a msg. 1 communication 1105, an msg. 2 communication 1110, an msg. 3 communication 1115, and an msg. 4 communication 1120. The example 1100 may be an example in which a reader performs an access procedure for one or more A-IoT device after msg. 1 communication reception on a per device (or subset of device) basis. For example, the reader may perform each access procedure communication (e.g., in a TDM manner) for a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices (e.g., a msg. 2 communication 1110, an msg. 3 communication 1115, and an msg. 4 communication 1120) before proceeding with a next set of access procedure communications for another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices. For example, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1110a, an msg. 3 communication 1115a, and an msg. 4 communication 1120a (e.g., with a given A-IoT device or subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1110b, an msg. 3 communication 1115b, and an msg. 4 communication 1120b (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . Later, the reader may perform a msg. 2 communication 1110c, an msg. 3 communication 1115c, and an msg. 4 communication 1120c (e.g., with another A-IoT device or another subset of A-IoT devices) . The reader may perform access procedure communications (e.g., transmit or receive access procedure communications) in this manner for each A-IoT device that transmits a msg. 1 communication 1105 (e.g., in response to an inventory trigger message transmitted by the reader) .
[0229] As shown in Fig. 11, the reader (e.g., the reader 805) may receive one or more msg. 1 communications 1105 (shown as msg. 1 communication 1105a, msg. 1 communication 1105b, and msg. 1 communication 1105c) in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number 820 and Fig. 8. A common monitoring window 1125 may be configured, indicated, or defined for all A-IoT devices that transmit the one or more msg. 1 communications 1105. As shown in Fig. 11, the duration (s) of the monitoring window 1125 may span at least to all time domain locations during which a msg. 2 communication 1110 may be transmitted by the reader (e.g., thereby improving the likelihood that the A-IoT devices that transmit a msg. 1 communication 1105 are able to detect and / or receive a msg. 2 communication 1110) .
[0230] As shown in Fig. 11, the common monitoring window may be associated with multiple durations and / or multiple starting time domain locations (shown by monitoring window 1125a, monitoring window 1125b, and monitoring window 1125c as an examples) . The different durations and / or different starting time domain locations may be associated with different A-IoT device types (e.g., device 1 type A-IoT devices, device 2A type A-IoT devices, or device 2B type A-IoT devices) . This enables a common monitoring window 1125 to be configured or indicated with durations and / or starting time domain locations that are tailored to different A-IoT device types (e.g., improving power efficiency and reliability of detection of the msg. 2 communication (s) 1110) .
[0231] As indicated above, Fig. 11 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 11.
[0232] Fig. 12 is a diagram of an example 1200 associated with a common monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The contention-based access procedure shown in Fig. 12 is a four-step A-IoT access procedure. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied to other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure.
[0233] The access procedure may include multiple access procedure communications, such as a msg. 0 communication (not shown in Fig. 12) , a msg. 1 communication 1205, an msg. 2 communication 1210 (e.g., and optionally an msg. 3 communication and an msg. 4 communication not shown in Fig. 12) . As shown in Fig. 12, a reader (e.g., the reader 805) may receive one or more msg. 1 communications 1205 (shown as msg. 1 communication 1205a, msg. 1 communication 1205b, and msg. 1 communication 1205c) in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number 820 and Fig. 8. The reader may transmit msg. 2 communication 1210 (shown as a msg. 2 communication 1210a, msg. 2 communication 1210b, and msg. 2 communication 1210c in Fig. 12) for each A-IoT device that transmits a msg. 1 communication 1205 before communicating other access procedure communications (e.g., an msg. 3 communication and / or an msg. 4 communication) , such as in a TDM manner.
[0234] As shown in Fig. 12, a common monitoring window 1215 may be configured, indicated, or defined for the msg. 2 communications 1210. The common monitoring window 1215 may have a common duration and / or starting point for all A-IoT devices and / or device types. In some other aspects, the common monitoring window 1215 may have a different duration and / or a different starting point for different A-IoT devices and / or different device types. The common monitoring window 1215 may be indicated and / or configured in a similar manner as described in connection with Figs. 8, 9A and 9B.
[0235] As indicated above, Fig. 12 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 12.
[0236] Fig. 13 is a diagram of an example 1300 associated with monitoring windows for a contention-based access procedure, in accordance with the present disclosure. The contention-based access procedure shown in Fig. 13 is a four-step A-IoT access procedure. The techniques and aspects described herein may be similarly applied to other types of access procedures, such as a two-step access procedure.
[0237] The access procedure may include multiple access procedure communications, such as a msg. 0 communication (not shown in Fig. 13) , a msg. 1 communication 1305, an msg. 2 communication 1310 (e.g., and optionally an msg. 3 communication and an msg. 4 communication not shown in Fig. 13) . As shown in Fig. 13, a reader (e.g., the reader 805) may receive one or more msg. 1 communications 1305 (shown as msg. 1 communication 1305a, msg. 1 communication 1305b, and msg. 1 communication 1305c) in a similar manner as described in connection with reference number 820 and Fig. 8. The reader may transmit msg. 2 communication 1310 (shown as a msg. 2 communication 1310a, msg. 2 communication 1310b, and msg. 2 communication 1310c in Fig. 13) for each A-IoT device that transmits a msg. 1 communication 1305 before communicating other access procedure communications (e.g., an msg. 3 communication and / or an msg. 4 communication) , such as in a TDM manner.
[0238] In some aspects, different monitoring windows 1315 may be configured, indicated, and / or defined for different msg. 1 communications 1305, different access occasions, different A-IoT devices, and / or different A-IoT device types, among other examples. For example, a first monitoring window 1315a may be configured or defined for the msg. 2 communication 1310a and the msg. 2 communication 1310b. For example, the A-IoT devices associated with (e.g., that are the intended recipient of) the msg. 2 communication 1310a and the msg. 2 communication 1310b may be a device 1 type A-IoT device and / or a device 2A type A-IoT device. A second monitoring window 1315b may be configured or defined for the msg. 2 communication 1310c. For example, the A-IoT device associated with (e.g., that is the intended recipient of) the msg. 2 communication 1310c may be a device 2B type A-IoT device. This enables improved flexibility for configuring or indicating monitoring windows having different durations and / or starting time domain locations for different A-IoT device types, thereby improving power usage efficiency and / or improving the likelihood of msg. 2 communication detecting by the A-IoT devices.
[0239] As indicated above, Fig. 13 is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from what is described with respect to Fig. 13.
[0240] Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1400 performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1400 is an example where the apparatus or the first network entity (e.g., an A-IoT device, the A-IoT device 810, a UE 220, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) performs operations associated with monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure.
[0241] As shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure (block 1410) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using reception component 1602 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure, as described above.
[0242] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include transmitting, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information (block 1420) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1604 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information, as described above.
[0243] As further shown in Fig. 14, in some aspects, process 1400 may include receiving, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity (block 1430) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using reception component 1602 and / or communication manager 1606, depicted in Fig. 16) may receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity, as described above.
[0244] Process 1400 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0245] In a first aspect, the first network entity is an ambient internet of things device and the second network entity is a reader.
[0246] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0247] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first information indicates a time gap that is indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window.
[0248] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first access procedure communication uses time-frequency resources, and wherein the time gap is relative to the time-frequency resources.
[0249] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, and wherein the time gap is relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0250] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first information indicates that the monitoring window has a common duration for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0251] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the monitoring window is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0252] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the monitoring window is associated with one or more identifiers of the first access procedure communication.
[0253] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the one or more identifiers are associated with time-frequency resources associated with the first access procedure communication.
[0254] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the one or more identifiers are associated with code information of the first access procedure communication.
[0255] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first information indicates multiple monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0256] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0257] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0258] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0259] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0260] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0261] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the timing information indicates durations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0262] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the second access procedure communication is applicable to multiple network entities from the set of network entities, and wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for the multiple network entities.
[0263] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the second access procedure communication is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0264] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the first information indicates monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective device types of multiple device types including the device type.
[0265] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the monitoring windows.
[0266] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective device types.
[0267] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the timing information indicates a starting time domain location for the device type and one or more offset values indicating respective starting time domain locations for other device types of the multiple device types, wherein the one or more offset values are relative to the starting time domain location.
[0268] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple device types.
[0269] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the timing information indicates durations for the respective device types.
[0270] Although Fig. 14 shows example blocks of process 1400, in some aspects, process 1400 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 14. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1400 may be performed in parallel.
[0271] Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example process 1500 performed, for example, at a first network entity or an apparatus of a first network entity, in accordance with the present disclosure. Example process 1500 is an example where the apparatus or the first network entity (e.g., the reader 805, a UE 220, a network node 210, the network entity 102, the network entity 104, or the network entity 106) performs operations associated with monitoring window for a contention-based access procedure.
[0272] As shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure (block 1510) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1704 and / or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure, as described above.
[0273] As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information (block 1520) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using reception component 1702 and / or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information, as described above.
[0274] As further shown in Fig. 15, in some aspects, process 1500 may include transmitting, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity (block 1530) . For example, the first network entity (e.g., using transmission component 1704 and / or communication manager 1706, depicted in Fig. 17) may transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity, as described above.
[0275] Process 1500 may include additional aspects, such as any single aspect or any combination of aspects described below and / or in connection with one or more other processes described elsewhere herein.
[0276] In a first aspect, the second network entity is an ambient internet of things device and the first network entity is a reader.
[0277] In a second aspect, alone or in combination with the first aspect, the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0278] In a third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first and second aspects, the first information indicates a time gap that is indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window.
[0279] In a fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through third aspects, the first access procedure communication uses time-frequency resources, and wherein the time gap is relative to the time-frequency resources.
[0280] In a fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourth aspects, the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, and wherein the time gap is relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0281] In a sixth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifth aspects, the first information indicates that the monitoring window has a common duration for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0282] In a seventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixth aspects, the monitoring window is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0283] In an eighth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventh aspects, the monitoring window is associated with one or more identifiers of the first access procedure communication.
[0284] In a ninth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighth aspects, the one or more identifiers are associated with time-frequency resources associated with the first access procedure communication.
[0285] In a tenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through ninth aspects, the one or more identifiers are associated with code information of the first access procedure communication.
[0286] In an eleventh aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through tenth aspects, the first information indicates multiple monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0287] In a twelfth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eleventh aspects, the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0288] In a thirteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twelfth aspects, the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0289] In a fourteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through thirteenth aspects, the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0290] In a fifteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fourteenth aspects, the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0291] In a sixteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through fifteenth aspects, the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0292] In a seventeenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through sixteenth aspects, the timing information indicates durations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0293] In an eighteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through seventeenth aspects, the second access procedure communication is applicable to multiple network entities from the set of network entities, and wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for the multiple network entities.
[0294] In a nineteenth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through eighteenth aspects, the second access procedure communication is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0295] In a twentieth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through nineteenth aspects, the first information indicates monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective device types of multiple device types including the device type.
[0296] In a twenty-first aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twentieth aspects, the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the monitoring windows.
[0297] In a twenty-second aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-first aspects, the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective device types.
[0298] In a twenty-third aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-second aspects, the timing information indicates a starting time domain location for the device type and one or more offset values indicating respective starting time domain locations for other device types of the multiple device types, wherein the one or more offset values are relative to the starting time domain location.
[0299] In a twenty-fourth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-third aspects, the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple device types.
[0300] In a twenty-fifth aspect, alone or in combination with one or more of the first through twenty-fourth aspects, the timing information indicates durations for the respective device types.
[0301] Although Fig. 15 shows example blocks of process 1500, in some aspects, process 1500 may include additional blocks, fewer blocks, different blocks, or differently arranged blocks than those depicted in Fig. 15. Additionally, or alternatively, two or more of the blocks of process 1500 may be performed in parallel.
[0302] Fig. 16 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1600 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1600 may be a first network entity, or a first network entity may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be an A-IoT device or an A-IoT device may include the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 includes a reception component 1602, a transmission component 1604, and / or a communication manager 1606, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1606 is the communication manager 240 described in connection with Fig. 2. As shown, the apparatus 1600 may communicate with another apparatus 1608, such as a reader, a UE, or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1602 and the transmission component 1604.
[0303] In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8, 9A, 9B, and 10-13. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1600 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1400 of Fig. 14, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1600 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may include one or more components of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0304] The reception component 1602 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1608. The reception component 1602 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1600. In some aspects, the reception component 1602 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3.
[0305] The transmission component 1604 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1600 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1604 for transmission to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1608. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3. In some aspects, the transmission component 1604 may be co-located with the reception component 1602 in one or more transceivers.
[0306] The communication manager 1606 may support operations of the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604. For example, the communication manager 1606 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1602 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1604. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1606 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1602 and / or the transmission component 1604 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0307] The reception component 1602 may receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the apparatus 1600, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure. The transmission component 1604 may transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information. The reception component 1602 may receive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the apparatus 1600.
[0308] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 16 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 16. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 16 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 16 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 16.
[0309] Fig. 17 is a diagram of an example apparatus 1700 for wireless communication, in accordance with the present disclosure. The apparatus 1700 may be a first network entity, or a first network entity may include the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may be a reader, or a reader may include the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 includes a reception component 1702, a transmission component 1704, and / or a communication manager 1706, which may be in communication with one another (for example, via one or more buses and / or one or more other components) . In some aspects, the communication manager 1706 is the communication manager 240 or the communication manager 250 described in connection with Fig. 2. As shown, the apparatus 1700 may communicate with another apparatus 1708, such as a UE or a network node (such as a CU, a DU, an RU, or a base station) , using the reception component 1702 and the transmission component 1704.
[0310] In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more operations described herein in connection with Figs. 8, 9A, 9B, and 10-13. Additionally, or alternatively, the apparatus 1700 may be configured to perform one or more processes described herein, such as process 1500 of Fig. 15, or a combination thereof. In some aspects, the apparatus 1700 and / or one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may include one or more components of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within one or more components described in connection with Figs. 1-3. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the set of components may be implemented at least in part as software stored in one or more memories. For example, a component (or a portion of a component) may be implemented as instructions or code stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and executable by one or more controllers or one or more processors to perform the functions or operations of the component.
[0311] The reception component 1702 may receive communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, from the apparatus 1708. The reception component 1702 may provide received communications to one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may perform signal processing on the received communications (such as filtering, amplification, demodulation, analog-to-digital conversion, demultiplexing, deinterleaving, de-mapping, equalization, interference cancellation, or decoding, among other examples) , and may provide the processed signals to the one or more other components of the apparatus 1700. In some aspects, the reception component 1702 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more demodulators, one or more MIMO detectors, one or more receive processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3.
[0312] The transmission component 1704 may transmit communications, such as reference signals, control information, data communications, or a combination thereof, to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, one or more other components of the apparatus 1700 may generate communications and may provide the generated communications to the transmission component 1704 for transmission to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may perform signal processing on the generated communications (such as filtering, amplification, modulation, digital-to-analog conversion, multiplexing, interleaving, mapping, or encoding, among other examples) , and may transmit the processed signals to the apparatus 1708. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may include one or more antennas, one or more modems, one or more modulators, one or more transmit MIMO processors, one or more transmit processors, one or more controllers / processors, one or more memories, or a combination thereof, of the first network entity described in connection with Figs. 1-3. In some aspects, the transmission component 1704 may be co-located with the reception component 1702 in one or more transceivers.
[0313] The communication manager 1706 may support operations of the reception component 1702 and / or the transmission component 1704. For example, the communication manager 1706 may receive information associated with configuring reception of communications by the reception component 1702 and / or transmission of communications by the transmission component 1704. Additionally, or alternatively, the communication manager 1706 may generate and / or provide control information to the reception component 1702 and / or the transmission component 1704 to control reception and / or transmission of communications.
[0314] The transmission component 1704 may transmit, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure. The reception component 1702 may receive, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information. The transmission component 1704 may transmit, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity.
[0315] The number and arrangement of components shown in Fig. 17 are provided as an example. In practice, there may be additional components, fewer components, different components, or differently arranged components than those shown in Fig. 17. Furthermore, two or more components shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented within a single component, or a single component shown in Fig. 17 may be implemented as multiple, distributed components. Additionally, or alternatively, a set of (one or more) components shown in Fig. 17 may perform one or more functions described as being performed by another set of components shown in Fig. 17.
[0316] The following provides an overview of some Aspects of the present disclosure:
[0317] Aspect 1: A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising: receiving, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; transmitting, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and receiving, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.
[0318] Aspect 2: The method of Aspect 1, wherein the first network entity is an ambient internet of things device and the second network entity is a reader.
[0319] Aspect 3: The method of any of Aspects 1-2, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0320] Aspect 4: The method of any of Aspects 1-3, wherein the first information indicates a time gap that is indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window.
[0321] Aspect 5: The method of Aspect 4, wherein the first access procedure communication uses time-frequency resources, and wherein the time gap is relative to the time-frequency resources.
[0322] Aspect 6: The method of any of Aspects 4-5, wherein the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, and wherein the time gap is relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0323] Aspect 7: The method of any of Aspects 1-6, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window has a common duration for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0324] Aspect 8: The method of any of Aspects 1-7, wherein the monitoring window is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0325] Aspect 9: The method of any of Aspects 1-8, wherein the monitoring window is associated with one or more identifiers of the first access procedure communication.
[0326] Aspect 10: The method of Aspect 9, wherein the one or more identifiers are associated with time-frequency resources associated with the first access procedure communication.
[0327] Aspect 11: The method of any of Aspects 9-10, wherein the one or more identifiers are associated with code information of the first access procedure communication.
[0328] Aspect 12: The method of any of Aspects 1-11, wherein the first information indicates multiple monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0329] Aspect 13: The method of Aspect 12, wherein the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0330] Aspect 14: The method of Aspect 13, wherein the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0331] Aspect 15: The method of Aspect 14, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0332] Aspect 16: The method of any of Aspects 14-15, wherein the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0333] Aspect 17: The method of any of Aspects 13-16, wherein the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0334] Aspect 18: The method of any of Aspects 13-16, wherein the timing information indicates durations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0335] Aspect 19: The method of any of Aspects 1-18, wherein the second access procedure communication is applicable to multiple network entities from the set of network entities, and wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for the multiple network entities.
[0336] Aspect 20: The method of any of Aspects 1-19, wherein the second access procedure communication is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0337] Aspect 21: The method of any of Aspects 1-20, wherein the first information indicates monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective device types of multiple device types including the device type.
[0338] Aspect 22: The method of Aspect 21, wherein the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the monitoring windows.
[0339] Aspect 23: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective device types.
[0340] Aspect 24: The method of any of Aspects 22-23, wherein the timing information indicates a starting time domain location for the device type and one or more offset values indicating respective starting time domain locations for other device types of the multiple device types, wherein the one or more offset values are relative to the starting time domain location.
[0341] Aspect 25: The method of Aspect 22, wherein the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple device types.
[0342] Aspect 26: The method of any of Aspects 22-25, wherein the timing information indicates durations for the respective device types.
[0343] Aspect 27: A method of wireless communication performed by a first network entity, comprising: transmitting, for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure; receiving, from a second network entity included in the set of network entities, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; and transmitting, to the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a third access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the second network entity.
[0344] Aspect 28: The method of Aspect 27, wherein the second network entity is an ambient internet of things device and the first network entity is a reader.
[0345] Aspect 29: The method of any of Aspects 27-28, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0346] Aspect 30: The method of any of Aspects 27-29, wherein the first information indicates a time gap that is indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window.
[0347] Aspect 31: The method of Aspect 30, wherein the first access procedure communication uses time-frequency resources, and wherein the time gap is relative to the time-frequency resources.
[0348] Aspect 32: The method of any of Aspects 30-31, wherein the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, and wherein the time gap is relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0349] Aspect 33: The method of any of Aspects 27-32, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window has a common duration for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.
[0350] Aspect 34: The method of any of Aspects 27-33, wherein the monitoring window is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0351] Aspect 35: The method of any of Aspects 27-34, wherein the monitoring window is associated with one or more identifiers of the first access procedure communication.
[0352] Aspect 36: The method of Aspect 35, wherein the one or more identifiers are associated with time-frequency resources associated with the first access procedure communication.
[0353] Aspect 37: The method of any of Aspects 35-36, wherein the one or more identifiers are associated with code information of the first access procedure communication.
[0354] Aspect 38: The method of any of Aspects 27-37, wherein the first information indicates multiple monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0355] Aspect 39: The method of Aspect 38, wherein the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0356] Aspect 40: The method of Aspect 39, wherein the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0357] Aspect 41: The method of Aspect 40, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.
[0358] Aspect 42: The method of any of Aspects 40-41, wherein the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, wherein the starting time domain locations are indicated by respective time gaps of multiple time gaps, and wherein the multiple time gaps are relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.
[0359] Aspect 43: The method of any of Aspects 39-43, wherein the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple monitoring windows.
[0360] Aspect 44: The method of any of Aspects 39-43, wherein the timing information indicates durations for the respective monitoring windows.
[0361] Aspect 45: The method of any of Aspects 27-44, wherein the second access procedure communication is applicable to multiple network entities from the set of network entities, and wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for the multiple network entities.
[0362] Aspect 46: The method of any of Aspects 27-45, wherein the second access procedure communication is specific to the first access procedure communication.
[0363] Aspect 47: The method of any of Aspects 27-46, wherein the first information indicates monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective device types of multiple device types including the device type.
[0364] Aspect 48: The method of Aspect 47, wherein the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the monitoring windows.
[0365] Aspect 49: The method of Aspect 48, wherein the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective device types.
[0366] Aspect 50: The method of any of Aspects 48-49, wherein the timing information indicates a starting time domain location for the device type and one or more offset values indicating respective starting time domain locations for other device types of the multiple device types, wherein the one or more offset values are relative to the starting time domain location.
[0367] Aspect 51: The method of any of Aspects 48-50, wherein the timing information indicates a common duration for each of the multiple device types.
[0368] Aspect 52: The method of any of Aspects 48-50, wherein the timing information indicates durations for the respective device types.
[0369] Aspect 53: A method performed by a first network entity, comprising: transmitting a first ambient Internet-of-things (A-IoT) access procedure communication; and receiving, during a monitoring window, a second A-IoT access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.
[0370] Aspect 54: The method of Aspect 53, wherein the time gap indicates an amount of time between an end of the first A-IoT access procedure communication and a stating time domain location of the monitoring window.
[0371] Aspect 55: The method of any of Aspects 53-54, further comprising refraining from monitoring outside of the monitoring window.
[0372] Aspect 56: The method of any of Aspects 53-55, receiving the second A-IoT access procedure communication comprises monitoring a reader-to-device (R2D) channel during the monitoring window.
[0373] Aspect 57: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more processors; one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors; and instructions stored in the one or more memories and executable by the one or more processors to cause the apparatus to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0374] Aspect 58: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0375] Aspect 59: An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising at least one means for performing the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0376] Aspect 60: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communication, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0377] Aspect 61: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing a set of instructions for wireless communication, the set of instructions comprising one or more instructions that, when executed by one or more processors of a device, cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0378] Aspect 62: A device for wireless communication, the device comprising a processing system that includes one or more processors and one or more memories coupled with the one or more processors, the processing system configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0379] Aspect 63: An apparatus for wireless communication at a device, the apparatus comprising one or more memories and one or more processors coupled to the one or more memories, the one or more processors individually or collectively configured to cause the device to perform the method of one or more of Aspects 1-56.
[0380] The foregoing disclosure provides illustration and description but is neither exhaustive nor limiting of the scope of this disclosure. For example, various aspects and examples are disclosed herein, but this disclosure is not limited to the precise form in which such aspects and examples are described. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the above disclosure or may be acquired from practice of the aspects.
[0381] As used herein, the term “component” shall be broadly construed as hardware or a combination of hardware and at least one of software or firmware. “Software” shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, or functions, among other examples, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise. As used herein, a “processor” is implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and software. Systems or methods described herein may be implemented in different forms of hardware or a combination of hardware and software. The actual specialized control hardware or software code used to implement these systems or methods is not limiting of the aspects. Thus, the operation and behavior of the systems or methods are described herein without reference to specific software code, because those skilled in the art understand that software and hardware can be designed to implement the systems or methods based, at least in part, on the description herein. A component being configured to perform a function means that the component has a capability to perform the function, and does not require the function to be actually performed by the component, unless noted otherwise.
[0382] As used herein, “satisfying a threshold” may, depending on the context, refer to a value being greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, or not equal to the threshold, among other examples.
[0383] As used herein, the term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a wide variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database or another data structure) , inferring, ascertaining, and / or measuring, among other examples. Also, “determining” can include receiving (such as receiving information) , accessing (such as accessing data stored in memory) , and / or transmitting (such as transmitting information) , among other examples. As another example, “determining” can include resolving, selecting, obtaining, choosing, establishing, and / or other such similar actions.
[0384] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations do not limit the scope of the disclosure. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As used herein, a phrase referring to “at least one of” a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of: a, b, or c” covers a, b, c, a + b, a + c, b + c, and a + b + c, as well as any combination with multiples of the same element (for example, a + a, a + a + a, a + a + b, a + a + c, a + b + b, a + c + c, b + b, b + b + b, b + b + c, c + c, and c + c + c, or any other ordering of a, b, and c) .
[0385] No element, act, or instruction used herein should be construed as critical or essential unless explicitly described as such. Also, as used herein, the articles “a” and “an” include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Further, as used herein, the article “the” may include one or more items referenced in connection with the article “the” and may be used interchangeably with “the one or more. ” Furthermore, as used herein, the terms “set” and “group” may include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more. ” Where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Also, as used herein, the terms “has, ” “have, ” “having, ” and similar terms are open-ended terms that do not limit an element that they modify (for example, an element “having” A may also have B) . Further, the phrase “based on” means “based on or otherwise in association with” unless explicitly stated otherwise. Also, as used herein, the term “or” is inclusive when used in a series and may be used interchangeably with “and / or, ” unless explicitly stated otherwise (for example, if used in combination with “either” or “only one of” ) . Further, “one or more” may be equivalent to “at least one. ”
[0386] Even though particular combinations of features are recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not limiting of the disclosure of various aspects. Many of these features may be combined in ways not specifically recited in the claims or disclosed in the specification. The disclosure of various aspects includes each dependent claim in combination with every other claim in the claim set.
Claims
1.A first network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:transmit a first ambient Internet-of-things (A-IoT) access procedure communication; andmonitor, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.2.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the time gap indicates an amount of time from an end of the first A-IoT access procedure communication.3.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the processing system is configured to refrain from monitoring based on the time gap.4.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein, to monitor for the second A-IoT access procedure communication based on the time gap, the processing system is configured to monitor a reader-to-device (R2D) channel based on the time gap.5.The first network entity of claim 1, wherein the time gap is indicative of a monitoring window associated with reception of the second A-IoT access procedure communication.6.A first network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:receive, from a second network entity and for an access procedure, an inventory trigger communication that includes first information indicative of a set of network entities including the first network entity, and wherein the inventory trigger communication indicates second information that is indicative of a monitoring window associated with the access procedure;transmit, to the second network entity, a first access procedure communication based on the first information; andreceive, from the second network entity and during the monitoring window, a second access procedure communication, the monitoring window being based on at least one of the second information or a device type associated with the first network entity.7.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first network entity is an ambient internet of things device and the second network entity is a reader.8.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.9.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first information indicates a time gap that is indicative of a starting point of the monitoring window.10.The first network entity of claim 9, wherein the first access procedure communication uses time-frequency resources, and wherein the time gap is relative to the time-frequency resources.11.The first network entity of claim 9, wherein the access procedure is associated with a set of access occasions available for the set of network entities, and wherein the time gap is relative to a last access occasion in a time domain from the set of access occasions.12.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window has a common duration for all network entities includes in the set of network entities.13.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the monitoring window is specific to the first access procedure communication.14.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the monitoring window is associated with one or more identifiers of the first access procedure communication.15.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first information indicates multiple monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective access occasions associated with the access procedure.16.The first network entity of claim 15, wherein the first information indicates timing information for respective monitoring windows of the multiple monitoring windows.17.The first network entity of claim 16, wherein the timing information indicates starting time domain locations for the respective monitoring windows.18.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the second access procedure communication is applicable to multiple network entities from the set of network entities, and wherein the first information indicates that the monitoring window is common for the multiple network entities.19.The first network entity of claim 6, wherein the first information indicates monitoring windows, including the monitoring window, for respective device types of multiple device types including the device type.20.A first network entity, comprising:a processing system configured to:transmit a first ambient Internet-of-things (A-IoT) access procedure communication; andrefrain from monitoring, based on a time gap that is relative to a timing of the first A-IoT access procedure communication, for a second A-IoT access procedure communication.
Citation Information
Patent Citations
Initial access and device identification protocol design for passive internet of things
WO2023164829A1