Method and apparatus for switching bistatic sensing transmitter on basis of rcs

Abstract

Proposed is an operation method of a first device (100) in a wireless communication system. The method comprises the steps of: transmitting at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receiving, from a second device (200), at least one first power value related to the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein sensing transmitter switching may be triggered on the basis of the at least one first power value.

Description

Switching method and device for RCS-based bistatic sensing transmitter

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system.

[0002] 5G NR, the successor to LTE (long-term evolution), is a new clean-slate mobile communications system characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and high-frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0003] The 6G (wireless communication) system aims to achieve (i) very high data rates per device, (ii) a very large number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) very low latency, (v) low energy consumption for battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of the 6G system can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity, and the 6G system can satisfy the requirements as shown in Table 1 below. For example, Table 1 can represent an example of the requirements of a 6G system.

[0004] Maximum data rate per device: 1 Tbps, E2E latency: 1 ms, Maximum spectral efficiency: 100 bps / Hz, Mobility support: Up to 1000 km / hr, Satellite integration: Fully AI, Fully autonomous driving, Fully XR, Fully haptic communication

[0005] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided that may be performed by a first device. For example, the method may include: transmitting at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receiving, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0006] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of the sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0007] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of the sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0008] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0009] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a method may be provided that may be performed by a second device. For example, the method may include: receiving at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object; obtaining at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the at least one first sensing signal; and transmitting the at least one first power value to a first device that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0010] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object; obtain at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the first sensing signal; and transmit the at least one first power value to a first device that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0011] Figure 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0012] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0013] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0014] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure of a sensing transmitter switching operation based on a power value for a sensing signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of triggering sensing transmitter switching based on a power value for a sensing signal, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a first device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that can be performed by a second device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 16 illustrates a wireless device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0028] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." In other words, "A or B" in this disclosure can be interpreted as "A and / or B." For example, "A, B or C" in this disclosure can mean "only A," "only B," "only C," or "any combination of A, B and C."

[0029] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0030] In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0031] Additionally, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0032] Additionally, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH," and "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (e.g., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0033] In the following explanation, ‘when, if, in case of’ can be replaced with ‘based on’.

[0034] In the present disclosure, the device obtaining information may include the information being (pre-)set to the device, the information being received from another entity to the device, or the device generating the information.

[0035] Technical features individually described in one drawing in this disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0036] In the present disclosure, higher layer parameters may be parameters set for the terminal, preset, or predefined. For example, a base station or network may transmit higher layer parameters to the terminal. For example, the higher layer parameters may be transmitted via radio resource control (RRC) signaling or medium access control (MAC) signaling.

[0037] In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC, DCI (downlink control information), etc.) from a base station or a network. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device through predefined signaling (e.g., MAC, RRC, SCI (sidelink control information), device-to-device signaling control information, etc.) from another device. In the present disclosure, "setting or defining" may be interpreted as being set or preset to a device.

[0038] In the present disclosure, a user equipment (UE) may refer to a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc. In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) may refer to a radio access network (RAN) node, a non-terrestrial network (NTN) cell / node, a transmission reception point (TRP), a network, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a device, a portable device, a wireless device, etc.

[0039] The technology proposed in the present disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications) / GPRS (general packet radio service) / EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented with wireless technologies such as IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA), LTE (long term evolution), and 5G NR.

[0040] The technology proposed in this disclosure can be implemented with 6G wireless technology and applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key factors such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0041] FIG. 1 illustrates a device-to-device communication procedure according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 1 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0042] Referring to FIG. 1, in step S101, a first device and a second device can perform synchronization. For example, the first device can be a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the second device can be a base station, a network, a RAN node, an NTN node / cell, a TRP, a terminal and / or at least one of the devices proposed in the present disclosure. For example, the first device can perform an initial cell search operation. For example, the first device can detect at least one synchronization signal transmitted by the second device according to a predefined rule. Here, for example, the synchronization signal can include a plurality of synchronization signals classified according to a structure or purpose (e.g., a primary synchronization signal, a secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this, the first device can identify the boundaries of the frame, subframe, time unit, slot, and / or symbol of the second device, and the first device can obtain information about the second device (e.g., a cell identifier).

[0043] In step S103, the first device can obtain system information transmitted by the second device. For example, the system information may include information related to the properties, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the second device required to connect to the second device and use the service. For example, the system information may be classified according to content (e.g., whether it is essential for connection), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used, whether it is provided on-demand), etc. For example, the system information may be classified into a master information block (MIB) and a system information block (SIB). For example, if necessary, the first device may transmit a signal requesting system information before receiving the system information. For example, the request and provision of system information may be performed after a random access procedure described below.

[0044] In step S105, the first device and the second device can perform a random access procedure. For example, the first device can transmit and / or receive at least one message (e.g., a random access preamble, a random access response message, etc.) for the random access procedure based on information related to a random access channel of the second device obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, structure of supported preamble, etc.). For example, the first device can transmit a preamble (e.g., Msg1) through the random access channel, the first device can receive a random access response message (e.g., Msg2), the first device can transmit a message (e.g., Msg3) including information related to the first device (e.g., identification information) to the second device using scheduling information included in the random access response message, and the first device can receive a message (e.g., Msg4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. For example, Msg1 and Msg3 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgA), and / or Msg2 and Msg4 can be sent and received as one message (e.g., MsgB).

[0045] In step S107, the first device and the second device may perform signaling of control information. Here, for example, the control information may be defined in various layers, such as a layer that controls a connection (e.g., a radio resource control (RRC) layer), a layer that handles mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., a media access control (MAC) layer), a layer that handles physical channels (e.g., a physical (PHY) layer), etc. For example, the first device and the second device may perform at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining settings related to communication, and / or signaling for indicating allocated resources. For example, the control information may be signaled / transmitted via a control channel. For example, the control information and / or the control channel may be used to schedule at least one of data, a data channel (e.g., a shared channel), and / or control information on the data channel.

[0046] In step S109, the first device and the second device may transmit and / or receive data. For example, the first device and the second device may process, transmit, and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of channel encoding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and / or resource mapping on the information bits. For example, when receiving data, the first device or the second device may perform at least one of signal extraction from resources, waveform demodulation for each antenna, signal arrangement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and / or channel decoding.

[0047] For example, the layers of a radio interface protocol between a first device and a second device can be divided into L1 (layer 1), L2 (layer 2), L3 (layer 3), etc. For example, a physical layer belonging to the first layer can provide an information transfer service using a physical channel, and an RRC (radio resource control) layer located in the third layer can play a role in controlling radio resources between the first device and the second device. For this purpose, for example, the RRC layer can exchange RRC messages between the first device and the second device.

[0048] FIG. 2 illustrates a radio protocol architecture according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 2 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. For example, (a) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for uplink communication or downlink communication, and (b) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for uplink communication or downlink communication. For example, (c) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a user plane for device-to-device communication, and (d) of FIG. 2 may illustrate a radio protocol stack of a control plane for device-to-device communication.

[0049] For example, the physical layer can provide information transmission services to upper layers using physical channels. For example, the physical layer can be connected to the upper layer, the medium access control (MAC) layer, through a transport channel. For example, data can be transmitted between the MAC layer and the physical layer through the transport channel. For example, transport channels can be classified according to how and with what characteristics data is transmitted over the wireless interface. For example, data can be transmitted between different physical layers, for example, between the physical layers of a first device and a second device, through the physical channel. For example, the physical channel can be modulated using an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and time and frequency can be utilized as radio resources.

[0050] For example, the MAC layer can provide services to the upper layer, the radio link control (RLC) layer, through logical channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a mapping function from multiple logical channels to multiple transport channels. For example, the MAC layer can provide a logical channel multiplexing function by mapping multiple logical channels to a single transport channel. For example, the MAC sublayer can provide data transmission services on logical channels.

[0051] For example, the RLC layer can perform concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs). For example, to guarantee the various quality of service (QoS) required by radio bearers (RBs), the RLC layer can provide three operating modes: transparent mode (TM), unacknowledged mode (UM), and acknowledged mode (AM). For example, AM RLC can provide error correction through automatic repeat request (ARQ).

[0052] For example, the RRC (radio resource control) layer can be defined only in the control plane. For example, the RRC layer can be responsible for controlling logical channels, transport channels, and physical channels in relation to the configuration, re-configuration, and release of radio bearers. For example, an RB can mean a logical path provided by a first layer (e.g., a physical layer) and a second layer (e.g., a MAC layer, an RLC layer, a PDCP (packet data convergence protocol) layer, a SDAP (service data adaptation protocol) layer, etc.) for data transmission between a first device and a second device.

[0053] For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the user plane may include forwarding of user data, header compression, and ciphering. For example, the functions of the PDCP layer in the control plane may include forwarding of control plane data and ciphering / integrity protection.

[0054] For example, establishing an RB can refer to the process of defining the characteristics of the radio protocol layer and channel to provide a specific service, and setting specific parameters and operating methods for each. For example, RBs can be divided into two types: signaling radio bearers (SRBs) and data radio bearers (DRBs). For example, SRBs can be used as a channel to transmit RRC messages in the control plane, while DRBs can be used as a channel to transmit user data in the user plane.

[0055] For example, a downlink transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast channel (BCH) for transmitting system information, and / or a downlink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, traffic or control messages of a downlink multicast or broadcast service may be transmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through a separate downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplink transmission channel may include at least one of a random access channel (RACH) for transmitting initial control messages, and / or an uplink shared channel (SCH) for transmitting user traffic or control messages. For example, a logical channel located above a transmission channel and mapped to the transmission channel may include at least one of a broadcast control channel (BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel (CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and / or a multicast traffic channel (MTCH).

[0056] FIG. 3 illustrates the structure of a wireless frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 3 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0057] Referring to FIG. 3, for example, a radio frame may be used in uplink transmission, downlink transmission, and / or device-to-device transmission. For example, a radio frame may have a length of 10 ms and may be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). For example, a half-frame may include five 1 ms subframes (SF). For example, a subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined according to a subcarrier spacing (SCS). For example, each slot may include 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols, depending on a cyclic prefix (CP).

[0058] For example, when normal CP is used, each slot can contain 14 symbols. For example, when extended CP is used, each slot can contain 12 symbols. Here, for example, the symbols can contain OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA (single carrier-FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0059] Table 2 below shows the number of symbols per slot (N) depending on the SCS setting (u) when normal CP or extended CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,u slot) is an example.

[0060] CP type SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot Normal CP15kHz (u=0)1410130kHz (u=1)1420260kHz (u=2)14404120kHz (u=3)14808240kHz (u=4)1416016Extended CP60kHz (u=2)12404

[0061] For example, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of time resources (e.g., subframes, slots, or transmit time intervals (TTIs)) composed of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells. For example, in the present disclosure, time resources such as subframes, slots, TTIs, etc. may be referred to as time units.

[0062] For example, multiple numerologies, or SCSs, may be supported to support various services. For example, a 15 kHz SCS may support wide areas in traditional cellular bands, while a 30 kHz / 60 kHz SCS may support dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. For example, a 60 kHz or higher SCS may support bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0063] FIG. 4 illustrates a slot structure of a frame according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 4 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0064] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, a slot may include multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a carrier may include multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a resource block (RB) may be defined as multiple consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. For example, a bandwidth part (BWP) may be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((physical) resource blocks) in the frequency domain, and may correspond to one numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). For example, a carrier may include at most N BWPs (where N is a positive integer). For example, data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. For example, each element may be referred to as a resource element (RE) in the resource grid, and one complex symbol may be mapped to it.

[0065] For example, a BWP may be a contiguous set of PRBs in a given numerology. For example, a PRB may be selected from a contiguous subset of common resource blocks (CRBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier.

[0066] For example, the BWP may be at least one of an active BWP, an initial BWP, and / or a default BWP. For example, the UE may not monitor the downlink radio link quality in a DL BWP other than the active DL BWP on the PCell (primary cell). For example, the UE may not receive a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), or a channel state information-reference signal (CSI-RS) (except for radio resource management (RRM)) outside of the active DL BWP. For example, the UE may not trigger channel state information (CSI) reporting for an inactive DL BWP. For example, the UE may not transmit a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) or a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) outside of the active UL BWP. For example, for downlink, the initial BWP can be given as a set of consecutive resource blocks (RBs) for the remaining minimum system information (RMSI) CORESET (control resource set) (set by the physical broadcast channel (PBCH)). For uplink, for example, the initial BWP can be given by the system information block (SIB) for the random access procedure. For example, the default BWP can be set by a higher layer. For example, the initial value of the default BWP can be the initial DL BWP.For energy saving, if a terminal does not detect DCI (downlink control information) for a certain period of time, the terminal may switch its active BWP to a default BWP.

[0067] In the present disclosure, PSCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with a sidelink, a physical control channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PSSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with a sidelink, a physical shared channel associated with a sidelink, a device-to-device physical shared channel, etc. For example, SL communication may be replaced by device-to-device communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with SL communication, the SL part may be replaced by "device-to-device."

[0068] In the present disclosure, PUCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a control channel associated with uplink, a physical control channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical control channel, a terminal-to-base station physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PUSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a shared channel associated with uplink, a physical shared channel associated with uplink, a device-to-base station physical shared channel, a terminal-to-base station physical shared channel, etc. For example, UL communication may be replaced by terminal-to-base station communication or device-to-base station communication. For example, in terms referring to various channels and / or signals associated with UL communication, the UL part may be replaced by "device-to-base station" or "terminal-to-base station."

[0069] In the present disclosure, PDCCH may be replaced by a control channel, a physical control channel, a downlink-related control channel, a downlink-related physical control channel, a base station-to-device physical control channel, a base station-to-terminal physical control channel, etc. In the present disclosure, PDSCH may be replaced by a shared channel, a physical shared channel, a downlink-related shared channel, a downlink-related physical shared channel, a base station-to-device physical shared channel, a base station-to-terminal physical shared channel, etc. For example, DL communication may be replaced by base station-to-device communication or base station-to-terminal communication. For example, the DL part in terms referring to various channels and / or signals related to DL communication may be replaced by "base station-to-device" or "base station-to-terminal."

[0070] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 5 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0071] Referring to FIG. 5, for example, a common resource block (CRB) may be a carrier resource block numbered from one end of a carrier band to the other, and a PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. For example, point A may indicate a common reference point for a resource block grid.

[0072] For example, BWP is point A, offset from point A (N start BWP ) and bandwidth (N size BWP) can be set by. For example, point A can be an outer reference point of the PRB of a carrier where subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) aligns. For example, the offset can be the PRB spacing between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth can be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0073] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0074] As core implementation technologies of the 6G system, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), THz (terahertz) communication, optical wireless technology, free-space optical transmission (FSO) backhaul networks, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cell-free communication, wireless information and energy transfer (WIET), integration of sensing and communication, integration of access backhaul networks, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large intelligent surface (LIS) can be adopted.

[0075] - Artificial Intelligence: Incorporating AI into communications can streamline and improve real-time data transmission. AI can use numerous analytics to determine how complex target tasks should be performed. For example, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing delays. Time-consuming tasks such as handovers, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a crucial role in machine-to-machine (M2M), machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. AI can also facilitate rapid communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0076] - THz communication (terahertz communication): Data rates can be increased by increasing the bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidths and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter waves, typically refer to the frequency range between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz to 300 GHz band (sub-THz band) is considered a key part of the THz spectrum for cellular communications. Adding the sub-THz band to the mmWave band will increase the capacity of 6G cellular communications. Among the defined THz bands, 300 GHz to 3 THz lies in the far infrared (IR) frequency band. While part of the optical band, the 300 GHz to 3 THz band lies at the boundary of the optical band, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz to 3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF. Key characteristics of THz communications include (i) the widely available bandwidth to support very high data rates and (ii) the high path loss that occurs at high frequencies (requiring highly directional antennas). The narrow beamwidths generated by highly directional antennas reduce interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows for a significantly larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array technologies to overcome range limitations.

[0077] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0078] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0079] - Optical wireless technology

[0080] - Free-space optical transmission backhaul network (FSO backhaul network)

[0081] - Quantum communication

[0082] - Cell-free communication

[0083] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0084] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0085] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0086] - Big data analysis

[0087] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface

[0088] - metaverse

[0089] - Blockchain

[0090] Advanced Air Mobility (AAM): AAM can be a broad concept encompassing urban air mobility (UAM), regional air mobility (RAM), and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). For example, AAM can include UAM, RAM, UAS, and uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs).

[0091] - Autonomous driving (self-driving): V2X (vehicle to everything), a key element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, can be a technology that allows cars to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as vehicle to vehicle (V2V) wireless communication and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) wireless communication.

[0092] Non-terrestrial network (NTN): NTN can refer to a network or network segment that utilizes radio frequency (RF) resources mounted on satellites (or UAS platforms). NTN services may be considered to secure wider coverage or provide wireless communication services in locations where the installation of wireless communication base stations is difficult.

[0093] - Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC): Wireless sensing is a technology that uses radio frequencies to determine the instantaneous linear velocity, angle, distance (range), etc. of an object, thereby obtaining information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment.

[0094] - Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS): RIS can be used to manipulate and enhance signal propagation in wireless communication environments. For example, a RIS can be composed of many small antennas, or metasurfaces, arranged on a surface, each of which can actively control the phase, amplitude, polarization, etc. of the reflected signal. For example, a RIS can improve signal reception by controlling the path, phase, and / or intensity of the propagating signal. For example, in the case of a RIS, power consumption can be very low because power is consumed only for controlling the phase and amplitude of the small antennas. For example, because a RIS can be reconfigured to suit different environments, it can meet diverse communication requirements and operate effectively in dynamic network environments.

[0095] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a communication scenario based on a 6G system, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0096] Referring to FIG. 7, NTN communication can be performed based on satellite networks, high-altitude platform stations (HAPS) as international mobile telecommunications (IMT) base stations (BS), and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs). For example, to improve coverage, etc., devices such as satellite networks, HIBS, and terminals capable of aerial communication (e.g., AAMs) can act as relays. For example, an AAM can communicate with a base station, a satellite network, etc., and / or an AAM can communicate directly with a terminal, another AAM, etc.

[0097] In this specification, the terms defined below may apply.

[0098] For example, 3GPP sensing data is data derived from 3GPP radio signals that are influenced (e.g., reflected, refracted, diffracted) by objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes, and can optionally be processed within a 5G system.

[0099] For example, 5G wireless sensing is a 5GS capability that provides the ability to obtain information about the characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment (e.g., shape, size, orientation, speed, position, distance between objects, or relative motion, etc.) using NR radio frequency signals, and in some cases may be extended by information generated through previously defined capabilities of the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0100] For example, non-3GPP sensing data may refer to data provided by non-3GPP sensors (e.g., video, LiDAR, sonar, etc.) about objects or environments of interest for sensing purposes.

[0101] For example, sensing support information is information provided to the 5G system from a trusted third party and can be used to support the derivation of sensing results. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. For example, this information may include map information, area information, terminal IDs attached to or located near a sensing target, terminal location information, and terminal speed information.

[0102] For example, sensing context information is information that a 5G system exposes to a trusted third party along with sensing results, providing context regarding the conditions under which the sensing results were derived. This information may not include 3GPP sensing data. Examples include map information, location information, capture time, terminal location, and ID. This context information may be required in scenarios where sensing results must be combined with data from other sources outside of 5GS.

[0103] For example, a sensing group is a set of sensing transmitters and sensing receivers whose locations are known and can synchronously collect their sensing data.

[0104] For example, a sensing receiver is an entity that receives sensing signals used in a sensing service, is part of a RAN node or terminal, and may be located in the same entity as the sensing transmitter or in different entities.

[0105] For example, the sensing result may mean processed 3GPP sensing data requested by a service consumer.

[0106] For example, a sensing signal is a transmission signal on a 3GPP radio interface that can be used for sensing purposes, meaning an NR radio frequency signal, which may in some cases be extended by information generated through previously defined functions of the EPC and / or E-UTRAN.

[0107] For example, a sensing transmitter is an entity that transmits sensing signals used in a sensing service, is part of a RAN node or terminal, and may be located in the same entity as a sensing receiver or in different entities.

[0108] For example, a target sensing service area (e.g., TSA) (or target sensing area) is a location area in Cartesian coordinates that is to be sensed by deriving characteristics of the environment and / or objects within the environment from 3GPP radio signals affected by reflection, refraction, diffraction, etc., with a specific sensing service quality, and may include both indoor and outdoor environments.

[0109] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a sensing operation according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 8 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0110] Specifically, for example, (a) of FIG. 8 shows an example of sensing using a sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter located at the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing), and (b) of FIG. 8 shows an example of sensing using a separated sensing receiver and a sensing transmitter (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0111] Referring to FIG. 8, a sensing transmitter may transmit a sensing signal for sensing one or more objects (and / or an environment around the objects). For example, the sensing signal may be a radio (frequency) signal defined to be transmittable by a base station / terminal.

[0112] For example, a sensing receiver may receive a signal that is scattered / reflected by one or more objects (and / or the environment around the objects) from a sensing signal transmitted from a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver.

[0113] For example, in a sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signal, and a sensing result can be generated / obtained through processing of the sensing data.

[0114] Here, for example, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., location, distance, speed, angle, etc.) about one or more objects (and / or the environment surrounding the objects). For example, the sensing results generated / obtained in this way may be utilized for wireless sensing services (e.g., detection, tracking, etc. of objects and / or the environment) or provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0115] For example, a sensing transmitter may be a base station or terminal that transmits a sensing signal to be used for the sensing service to operate, and the sensing transmitter may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as the sensing receiver.

[0116] For example, a sensing receiver may be a base station or terminal that receives a sensing signal to be used for the sensing service to operate, and the sensing receiver may be located in the same or different base station or terminal as the sensing transmitter.

[0117] For example, a sensing target may be a target to be detected by deriving characteristics of an object in the environment from a sensing signal.

[0118] For example, the background environment may be background (e.g., clutter, environmental objects, etc.) that is not the sensing target.

[0119] For example, monostatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver coexist in the same base station or terminal. For example, bistatic sensing may be sensing in which the sensing transmitter and the sensing receiver are in different base stations or terminals. For example, multistatic sensing may be sensing in which there are multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers for a (single) sensing target.

[0120] For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes. For example, the terminal may transmit a sensing signal over a 3GPP wireless interface that can be used for sensing purposes.

[0121] For example, the common framework of the integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) channel model can be composed of target channel components and background channel components. For example, this can be obtained based on the following mathematical equation (1).

[0122] [Mathematical Formula 1]

[0123] H_ISAC = H_target + H_background

[0124] Here, for example, the target channel H_target may include all multipath components affected by the sensing target. For example, the background channel H_background may include other multipath components that do not belong to the target channel.

[0125] For example, service type (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QoS requirements (e.g., delay, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback allowed (and / or not allowed) LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) and / or CBR measurement value of resource pool and / or SL cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast) and / or SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, transmit-receive distance-based NACK only feedback) and / or SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or whether PSFCH resources are configured in the resource pool and / or source (L2) ID (and / or destination (L2) ID) and / or PC5 RRC connection link and / or SL link and / or The application of the rule (and / or the proposed method / rule related parameter values ​​of the present disclosure) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set / allowed for at least one of (or separately) the following elements / parameters: connection status (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state) (with a base station) and / or SL HARQ process (ID) and / or whether SL DRX operation (of a transmitting terminal or a receiving terminal) is performed and / or whether a power saving (transmitting or receiving) terminal is in use and / or when (from a specific terminal perspective) PSFCH transmission and PSFCH reception overlap (and / or when multiple PSFCH transmissions (that exceed the terminal capability) are omitted) and / or when the receiving terminal actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the transmitting terminal.

[0126] In addition, the wording "configuration" (or "designation") in the present disclosure can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through a preconfiguration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0127] Additionally, the wording "PSFCH" in the present disclosure may be extended to mean "(NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal))". Additionally, the proposed methods in the present disclosure may be combined with each other and used in an extended manner (in a new form).

[0128] Hereinafter, the term “specific threshold value” may mean a threshold value defined in advance or set (in advance) by a network or a base station or a higher layer (including an application layer) of a terminal.

[0129] Hereinafter, the term “specific setting value” may mean a value defined in advance or set (in advance) by a network or a base station or a higher layer (including an application layer) of a terminal.

[0130] Hereinafter, “configured by the network / base station” may mean an operation in which the base station configures (in advance) the terminal through upper layer RRC signaling, configures / signals the terminal through MAC CE, or signals the terminal through base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0131] In the following disclosure, the following terms will be used.

[0132] ISAC - Integrated sensing and communication

[0133] Sensing signal - A reference signal transmitted and received for sensing. For example, in the present disclosure, the sensing signal may mean the same thing as the sensing reference signal.

[0134] Sensing Transmitter (Tx) - an entity that transmits sensing signals.

[0135] Sensing Receiver (Rx) - an entity that receives sensing signals.

[0136] Monostatic sensing - sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located within the same TRP or terminal.

[0137] Bi-static sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located at different TRPs or terminals.

[0138] Multi-static sensing: Sensing in which multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers exist for one sensing target.

[0139] Target object (TO) - the object to be detected through sensing

[0140] Environment object (EO) - an object other than the target object whose location is known

[0141] Clutter - Background or objects whose location cannot be determined, excluding the target object and environment objects.

[0142] Base station-to-base station sensing - Sensing in which base station #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and base station #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). If base station #1 and base station #2 are separate base stations, this may refer to a base station-to-base station bistatic sensing operation, and if base station #1 and base station #2 are the same base station, this may refer to a base station-to-base station monostatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If base station #1 and / or base station #2 are one or more base stations, this may refer to a base station-to-base station multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0143] Base station-terminal bistatic sensing - sensing in which a base station transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a terminal receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, the base station may be a base station or a TRP. For example, if the base station and / or the terminal are one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, it may refer to a base station-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0144] Terminal-Base Station Bistatic Sensing - Sensing in which a terminal transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a base station receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). The base station may be a base station or a TRP. For example, if the base station and / or the terminal are one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, this may refer to a terminal-base station multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0145] Terminal-to-terminal bistatic sensing - sensing in which terminal #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and terminal #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, if terminal #1 and terminal #2 are separate terminals, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal bistatic sensing operation, and if terminal #1 and terminal #2 are the same terminal, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal monostatic sensing operation. If terminal #1 and / or terminal #2 are one or more terminals, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0146] SMF (sensing management function) - An entity that performs at least one of the following functions as a sensing management module. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may be a logical entity defined in a core network or RAN. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may be a base station or a terminal capable of performing sensing management modules (e.g., SMF). For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may perform the following functions.

[0147] - Setting parameters related to sensing reference signal (e.g., RS)

[0148] - Control of sensing actions and / or procedures;

[0149] - An operation of receiving a report of sensing-related measurement results and estimating sensing results for an object (e.g., information such as distance, speed, direction, and object recognition) based on the measurement results.

[0150] TSA (target sensing (service) area) - the area where objects are detected through sensing.

[0151] RCS - Radar Cross Section. This can refer to the effective reflection area of ​​a transmitted radar signal that is intercepted, isotropically scattered, and then reflected back to the radar receiver.

[0152] For example, service type (and / or (LCH or service) priority and / or QoS requirements (e.g., delay, reliability, minimum communication range) and / or PQI parameters) (and / or HARQ feedback allowed (and / or not allowed) LCH / MAC PDU (transmission) and / or CBR measurement value of resource pool and / or SL cast type (e.g., unicast, groupcast, broadcast) and / or SL groupcast HARQ feedback options (e.g., NACK only feedback, ACK / NACK feedback, transmit-receive distance-based NACK only feedback) and / or SL mode 1 CG type (e.g., SL CG type 1 / 2) and / or SL mode type (e.g., mode 1 / 2) and / or resource pool and / or whether PSFCH resources are configured in the resource pool and / or source (L2) ID (and / or destination (L2) ID) and / or PC5 RRC connection link and / or SL link and / or The application of the rule (and / or the proposed method / rule related parameter values ​​of the present disclosure) may be specifically (or differently or independently) set / allowed for at least one of (or separately) the following elements / parameters: connection status (e.g., RRC CONNECTED state, IDLE state, INACTIVE state) (with a base station) and / or SL HARQ process (ID) and / or whether SL DRX operation (of a transmitting terminal or a receiving terminal) is performed and / or whether a power saving (transmitting or receiving) terminal is in use and / or when (from a specific terminal perspective) PSFCH transmission and PSFCH reception overlap (and / or when multiple PSFCH transmissions (that exceed the terminal capability) are omitted) and / or when the receiving terminal actually (successfully) receives a PSCCH (and / or PSSCH) (re)transmission from the transmitting terminal.

[0153] In addition, the wording "configuration" (or "designation") in the present disclosure can be extended to include a form in which a base station notifies a terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SIB, RRC, MAC CE) (and / or a form provided through a preconfiguration and / or a form in which a terminal notifies another terminal through a predefined (physical layer or upper layer) channel / signal (e.g., SL MAC CE, PC5 RRC)).

[0154] Additionally, the wording "PSFCH" in the present disclosure may be extended to mean "(NR or LTE) PSSCH (and / or (NR or LTE) PSCCH) (and / or (NR or LTE) SL SSB (and / or UL channel / signal))". Additionally, the proposed methods in the present disclosure may be combined with each other and used in an extended manner (in a new form).

[0155] Hereinafter, the term “specific threshold value” may mean a threshold value defined in advance or set (in advance) by a network or a base station or a higher layer (including an application layer) of a terminal.

[0156] Hereinafter, the term “specific setting value” may mean a value defined in advance or set (in advance) by a network or a base station or a higher layer (including an application layer) of a terminal.

[0157] Hereinafter, “configured by the network / base station” may mean an operation in which the base station configures (in advance) the terminal through upper layer RRC signaling, configures / signals the terminal through MAC CE, or signals the terminal through base station-to-terminal control information (e.g., DCI).

[0158] In the following disclosure, the following terms will be used.

[0159] ISAC - Integrated sensing and communication

[0160] Sensing signal - A reference signal transmitted and received for sensing. For example, in the present disclosure, the sensing signal may mean the same thing as the sensing reference signal.

[0161] Sensing Transmitter (Tx) - an entity that transmits sensing signals.

[0162] Sensing Receiver (Rx) - an entity that receives sensing signals.

[0163] Monostatic sensing - sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are co-located within the same TRP or terminal.

[0164] Bi-static sensing: Sensing in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located at different TRPs or terminals.

[0165] Multi-static sensing: Sensing in which multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers exist for one sensing target.

[0166] Target object (TO) - the object to be detected through sensing

[0167] Environment object (EO) - an object other than the target object whose location is known

[0168] Clutter - Background or objects whose location cannot be determined, excluding the target object and environment objects.

[0169] Base station-to-base station sensing - Sensing in which base station #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and base station #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). If base station #1 and base station #2 are separate base stations, this may refer to a base station-to-base station bistatic sensing operation, and if base station #1 and base station #2 are the same base station, this may refer to a base station-to-base station monostatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may be a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP). If base station #1 and / or base station #2 are one or more base stations, this may refer to a base station-to-base station multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a transmission and reception point (TRP).

[0170] Base station-terminal bistatic sensing - sensing in which a base station transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a terminal receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, the base station may be a base station or a TRP. For example, if the base station and / or the terminal are one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, it may refer to a base station-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0171] Terminal-Base Station Bistatic Sensing - Sensing in which a terminal transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and a base station receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). The base station may be a base station or a TRP. For example, if the base station and / or the terminal are one or more base stations and / or one or more terminals, this may refer to a terminal-base station multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0172] Terminal-to-terminal bistatic sensing - sensing in which terminal #1 transmits a sensing reference signal (e.g., RS) and terminal #2 receives the sensing reference signal (e.g., RS). For example, if terminal #1 and terminal #2 are separate terminals, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal bistatic sensing operation, and if terminal #1 and terminal #2 are the same terminal, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal monostatic sensing operation. If terminal #1 and / or terminal #2 are one or more terminals, terminal-to-terminal sensing may refer to a terminal-to-terminal multistatic sensing operation. For example, the base station may refer to a base station or a TRP.

[0173] SMF (sensing management function) - An entity that performs at least one of the following functions as a sensing management module. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may be a logical entity defined in a core network or RAN. For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may be a base station or a terminal capable of performing sensing management modules (e.g., SMF). For example, a sensing management module (e.g., SMF) may perform the following functions.

[0174] - Setting parameters related to sensing reference signal (e.g., RS)

[0175] - Control of sensing actions and / or procedures;

[0176] - An operation of receiving a report of sensing-related measurement results and estimating sensing results for an object (e.g., information such as distance, speed, direction, and object recognition) based on the measurement results.

[0177] TSA (target sensing (service) area) - the area where objects are detected through sensing.

[0178] RCS - Radar Cross Section. This can refer to the effective reflection area of ​​a transmitted radar signal that is intercepted, isotropically scattered, and then reflected back to the radar receiver.

[0179] Meanwhile, in an operation of tracking an object detected through sensing based on bistatic sensing, if the object moves, or if a sensing transmitter or sensing receiver that transmits or receives a sensing signal for the tracking moves, the object may go out of the sensing coverage of the sensing transmitter or sensing receiver, resulting in a deterioration in object tracking performance or making it impossible.

[0180] In the above-described case, the sensing-based object tracking operation can be maintained through an operation of switching from an existing sensing transmitter or sensing receiver to a new sensing transmitter or sensing receiver capable of tracking the object according to the movement. For the above-described switching of the sensing transmitter or sensing receiver, the sensing transmitter or sensing receiver can perform the following operation.

[0181] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, in a bistatic sensing operation for detecting and tracking a target object (e.g., TO), if a sensing signal transmitted by a sensing transmitter is reflected to the surroundings and a sensing signal component received by a sensing receiver, among the sensing signal components reflected by the target object (e.g., TO) to be detected and tracked (according to the RCS characteristic of the target object (e.g., TO)) and received by the sensing receiver, a measured value of the magnitude or power of the sensing signal component received by the sensing receiver, or a ratio of a current measured value to a (maximum) measured value of the magnitude or power of the sensing signal component previously reflected by the target object (e.g., TO) and received by the sensing receiver (hereinafter, a measured value of B-RCS (bistatic-RCS) power or a ratio of the measured value of B-RCS power), is smaller than a (preliminary) set threshold, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may trigger a switching operation to a new sensing transmitter that will perform sensing of the target object (e.g., TO) or to perform a linked switching process.

[0182] For example, in the case described above, if the measured value of the B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the B-RCS power is less than the threshold value for a continuous time interval that is less than the threshold value (preliminarily) set, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may not perform triggering for the switching operation or the associated process.

[0183] For example, in the case described above, if a continuous time interval during which the measured value of the B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the B-RCS power is less than the threshold value is greater than a (pre-)set threshold value, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may perform triggering for the switching operation or associated process.

[0184] For example, for the above-described operation, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may receive information about the measured value of B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of B-RCS power from the sensing receiver.

[0185] Here, for example, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may request the sensing receiver to transmit information about the measured value of B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of B-RCS power to the sensing transmitter or the SMF.

[0186] For example, for the above-described operation, the sensing transmitter may receive information about the measured value of B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of B-RCS power from the SMF associated with the sensing and / or tracking.

[0187] Here, for example, the sensing transmitter may request the SMF to transmit information about the measured value of B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of B-RCS power to the sensing transmitter.

[0188] Here, for example, the sensing receiver can report information about the measured value of B-RCS power measured by the sensing receiver or the ratio of the measured values ​​of B-RCS power to the sensing transmitter or the SMF.

[0189] According to the above-described embodiment, an effect can be generated in which a sensing operation optimized for tracking a target object can be continuously performed based on whether the currently performed sensing is valid or not based on a change in a power value measured based on a sensing signal.

[0190] FIG. 9 illustrates a procedure for a sensing transmitter switching operation based on a power value for a sensing signal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 9 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0191] Referring to FIG. 9, a first device, a second device, and a fourth device performing bistatic sensing are illustrated. For example, the first device and the second device may be terminals or base stations, and the fourth device may be an SMF. For example, the first device may be a sensing transmitter that transmits a sensing signal. For example, the second device may be a sensing receiver that receives a sensing signal. In the present embodiment, the sensing signal may be reflected by a target object within a target sensing service area.

[0192] For example, the first device may transmit at least one first sensing signal to a target object within a target sensing service area. For example, the at least one first sensing signal may be transmitted using sensing resources according to time rather than simultaneously. Here, for example, the first device may currently be tracking a target object detected within the target sensing service area.

[0193] For example, the second device, which receives the at least one first sensing signal reflected from a target object within the target sensing service area, can sequentially obtain at least one first power value based on a measurement of the at least one first sensing signal, and can sequentially transmit the at least one first power value to the first device.

[0194] Thereafter, for example, a sensing transmitter switching operation may be triggered based on the at least one first power value according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, if a length of continuous time during which a ratio of a received power value to a maximum value of the at least one first power value is less than a first threshold value becomes longer than a second threshold value, the sensing transmitter switching operation may be triggered. Alternatively, for example, if a length of continuous time during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value becomes longer than a second threshold value, the sensing transmitter switching operation may be triggered.

[0195] For example, the triggering of the sensing transmitter switching operation may include an operation in which the first device directly instructs a third device (another sensing transmitter) to perform switching, or an operation in which the first device requests a fourth device. In the present embodiment, an operation in which the first device requests triggering of the sensing switching operation by transmitting a triggering signal for the transmitter switching operation to the fourth device is exemplified, but the spirit of the present embodiment is not limited thereto.

[0196] For example, the first device may transmit a transmitter switching triggering signal to the fourth device, and the fourth device, upon receiving the signal, may transmit a switching instruction to the third device (another sensing transmitter) as part of the transmitter switching operation. For example, the switching instruction may be an instruction to take over sensing of the target object from the first device and perform it.

[0197] Thereafter, the third device can transmit a second sensing signal to the target object, and the transmitter switching operation can be completed by the second device receiving the second sensing signal reflected from the target object and continuing to perform the sensing operation.

[0198] According to the above-described embodiment, an effect can be generated in which a sensing operation optimized for tracking a target object can be continuously performed based on whether the currently performed sensing is valid or not based on a change in a power value measured based on a sensing signal.

[0199] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of triggering sensing transmitter switching based on a power value for a sensing signal, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 10 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the practical examples may be omitted.

[0200] Referring to FIG. 10, an example is shown showing the transmission power values ​​that the sensing receiver measures and transmits to the sensing transmitter for the sensing signals transmitted from the sensing transmitter over time. For example, the maximum power value in FIG. 10 may mean the largest power value received from the sensing receiver based on the same sensing transmitter. For example, in the embodiment of FIG. 9, the ratio used for the triggering condition may be determined based on the maximum power value.

[0201] For example, a filled square may indicate a power value less than a first threshold value. Here, for example, the first threshold value may be a power value unit or may represent a specific ratio relative to the maximum power value. In the latter case, the value may vary over time based on the maximum power value.

[0202] For example, the second threshold may represent a threshold for the length of time during which power values ​​are continuously received that are less than the first threshold. For example, in FIG. 10, the first shaded square was less than the first threshold, but immediately thereafter, the received power value exceeded the first threshold, thereby interrupting the time period during which power values ​​were "continuously" less than the first threshold, and thus the triggering condition for the transmitter switching operation may not have been met.

[0203] On the other hand, in FIG. 10, the second colored square was less than the first threshold, and the power values ​​associated with the colored squares received thereafter continued to be less than the first threshold, and the length of the time interval exceeded the second threshold, so it may be the case that the condition for triggering the transmitter switching operation is satisfied. Thereafter, the sensing transmitter may trigger or perform the transmitter switching operation according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0204] According to the above-described embodiment, an effect can be generated in which a sensing operation optimized for tracking a target object can be continuously performed based on whether the currently performed sensing is valid or not based on a change in a power value measured based on a sensing signal.

[0205] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the switching operation of the sensing transmitter described above may be limited to be triggered (or performed) when the sensing signal transmitted by the sensing transmitter is reflected to the surroundings and, among the sensing signal components received by the sensing transmitter, a measurement value of the magnitude or power of the sensing signal component reflected by the target object (e.g., TO) that is the target of the detection and tracking (according to the RCS characteristic of the target object (e.g., TO)) and received by the sensing transmitter, or a ratio of the current measurement value to the (maximum) measurement value of the magnitude or power of the sensing signal component previously reflected by the target object (e.g., TO) and received by the sensing transmitter (hereinafter referred to as the measurement value of M-RCS (monostatic-RCS) power or the ratio of the measurement value of M-RCS power) is smaller than a (preliminary) set threshold value.

[0206] In the above-described case, for example, if the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the sensing transmitter or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the M-RCS power is less than the threshold value for a continuous time interval that is less than the threshold value (preliminarily) set, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may not perform a switching operation or triggering for a linked process for the sensing transmitter.

[0207] In the above-described case, for example, if the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the sensing transmitter or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the M-RCS power is greater than the (pre-)set threshold value for a continuous time interval less than the threshold value, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may perform a triggering for a switching operation or a linked process for the sensing transmitter.

[0208] Here, for example, if the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the sensing transmitter or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the M-RCS power is greater than a (pre-)set threshold value, the sensing transmitter may request the SMF or the sensing receiver to switch the sensing receiver to a new sensing receiver.

[0209] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may be triggered to perform switching from the sensing transmitter to a new sensing transmitter, or to perform an associated switching process, when the measured value of the M-RCS power or the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the transmitter is less than a (pre-)set threshold value, regardless of the measured value of the B-RCS power or the measured value of the B-RCS power ratio measured by the receiver.

[0210] For example, if a continuous time interval during which the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the sensing transmitter or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the M-RCS power is less than the threshold value is less than a (pre-)set threshold value, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may not perform a switching operation or triggering for a linked process for the sensing transmitter.

[0211] For example, if a continuous time interval during which the measured value of the M-RCS power measured by the sensing transmitter or the ratio of the measured values ​​of the M-RCS power is less than the threshold value is greater than a (pre-)set threshold value, the sensing transmitter or the SMF may trigger a switching operation or a linked process for the sensing transmitter.

[0212] According to the above-described embodiment, an effect can be generated in which a sensing operation optimized for tracking a target object can be continuously performed based on whether the currently performed sensing is valid or not based on a change in a power value measured based on a sensing signal.

[0213] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, when tracking of a target object (e.g., TO) is performed based on bistatic sensing, if the sensing performance deteriorates due to movement of the target object (e.g., TO) or the sensing transmitter or sensing receiver and the tracking cannot be performed, a method is proposed in which the tracking can be continuously performed by switching to a new sensing transmitter based on the power of a signal reflected and received by the target object (e.g., TO).

[0214] Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) is a technology that simultaneously performs communication and sensing in a single wireless system, meaning it detects surrounding objects while transmitting data. ISAC can be applied to autonomous driving, smart factories, security surveillance, drones, and other fields to recognize objects or monitor their status through communication signals. This can have advantages such as increasing the efficiency of wireless resource utilization, reducing costs through hardware integration, and enabling new functions such as precise location-based services. In particular, in bi-static sensing during ISAC operation, the switching operation of the sensing transmitter according to the mobility of the sensing transmitter, sensing receiver, and object needs to be defined (to improve sensing efficiency).

[0215] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a sensing transmitter participating in a sensing operation may be switched based on the power of a signal reflected by a target object. For example, a sensing transmitter or SMF may perform (or trigger) a switching operation of the sensing transmitter based on the power value of a sensing signal reflected by the object, as measured by a sensing receiver.

[0216] For example, the switching operation may be determined based on a time interval during which the power value has changed. For example, a sensing transmitter or SMF may request a sensing receiver to report the power change value, and the sensing receiver may report the value. For example, a sensing transmitter or SMF may perform (or trigger) a switching operation of the sensing transmitter based on a power value of a sensing signal reflected by an object measured by the sensing transmitter.

[0217] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, in a situation where bistatic sensing is performed, even if the target object moves, the sensing operation can be continuously performed through the switching operation of the transmitter, and thus, the effect of smoothly performing tracking of the target object can be generated.

[0218] FIG. 11 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a first device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the practical examples may be omitted.

[0219] Referring to FIG. 11, in step S1110, the first device may transmit at least one first sensing signal toward the target object. In step S1120, the first device may receive, from the second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object. For example, sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0220] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered by the first device.

[0221] For example, based on the above sensing transmitter switching, a second sensing signal after the at least one first sensing signal can be transmitted by the third device.

[0222] For example, sensing of the target object can be performed based on at least one of the first sensing signal or the second sensing signal.

[0223] For example, additionally, the first device may transmit a signal related to triggering to the fourth device based on the triggering of the sensing transmitter switching. For example, the second sensing signal may be transmitted by the third device based on information that the fourth device transmits to the third device based on reception of the signal related to triggering.

[0224] For example, the fourth device may be a sensing management function (SMF).

[0225] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value and the first threshold value.

[0226] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0227] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on a ratio of a second value included in the at least one power value to a first value included in the at least one power value and a first threshold value, and a second sensing signal associated with the second value may be transmitted later than a first sensing signal associated with the first value.

[0228] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals in which the ratio is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0229] For example, additionally, the first device may transmit a request for the at least one first power value to the second device. For example, the at least one first power value may be received by the request.

[0230] For example, the second device may be a terminal or a base station.

[0231] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object. Then, the processor (102) of the first device (100) can control the transceiver (106) to receive, from the second device (200), at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object. For example, sensing transmitter switching can be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0232] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a first device may be provided. For example, the first device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of the sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0233] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered by the first device.

[0234] For example, based on the above sensing transmitter switching, a second sensing signal after the at least one first sensing signal can be transmitted by the third device.

[0235] For example, sensing of the target object can be performed based on at least one of the first sensing signal or the second sensing signal.

[0236] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the first device to: transmit a signal related to triggering to the fourth device based on the sensing transmitter switching being triggered. For example, the second sensing signal may be transmitted by the third device based on information that the fourth device transmits to the third device based on reception of the signal related to triggering.

[0237] For example, the fourth device may be a sensing management function (SMF).

[0238] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value and the first threshold value.

[0239] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0240] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on a ratio of a second value included in the at least one power value to a first value included in the at least one power value and a first threshold value, and a second sensing signal associated with the second value may be transmitted later than a first sensing signal associated with the first value.

[0241] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals in which the ratio is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0242] For example, additionally, the instructions may cause the first device to: transmit a request for the at least one first power value to the second device. For example, the at least one first power value may be received by the request.

[0243] For example, the second device may be a terminal or a base station.

[0244] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a processing device configured to control a first device may be provided. For example, the processing device may include: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of the sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0245] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions recorded thereon may be provided. For example, the instructions, when executed, cause a first device to: transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and receive, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0246] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure of a method that may be performed by a second device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the practical examples may be omitted.

[0247] Referring to FIG. 12, in step S1210, the second device may receive at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object. In step S1220, the second device may obtain at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the first sensing signal. In step S1230, the second device may transmit the at least one first power value to the first device that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal. For example, sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0248] For example, additionally, the second device may receive a second sensing signal following the at least one first sensing signal based on the sensing transmitter switching. For example, the second sensing signal may be transmitted by a third device different from the first device.

[0249] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered by the first device.

[0250] For example, additionally, the second device may perform a measurement on the at least one first sensing signal or the second sensing signal; and perform sensing on the target object based on a measurement value related to the measurement.

[0251] For example, a signal related to triggering may be transmitted from the first device to the fourth device based on the sensing transmitter switching being triggered, and the second sensing signal may be transmitted by the third device based on information that the fourth device transmits to the third device based on reception of the signal related to triggering.

[0252] For example, the fourth device may be a sensing management function (SMF).

[0253] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value and the first threshold value.

[0254] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0255] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on a ratio of a second value included in the at least one power value to a first value included in the at least one power value and a first threshold value, and a second sensing signal associated with the second value may be transmitted later than a first sensing signal associated with the first value.

[0256] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals in which the ratio is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0257] For example, additionally, the second device may receive a request from the first device for the at least one first power value. For example, the at least one first power value may be transmitted by the request.

[0258] For example, the second device may be a terminal or a base station.

[0259] The above-described embodiment can be applied to various devices described below. First, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to receive at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can obtain at least one first power value related to the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the first sensing signal. Then, the processor (202) of the second device (200) can control the transceiver (206) to transmit the at least one first power value to the first device (100) that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal. For example, sensing transmitter switching can be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0260] According to one embodiment of the present disclosure, a second device may be provided. For example, the second device may include: at least one transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions. For example, the instructions, based on execution by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: receive at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object; obtain at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the first sensing signal; and transmit the at least one first power value to a first device that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal, wherein switching of a sensing transmitter may be triggered based on the at least one first power value.

[0261] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: receive a second sensing signal subsequent to the at least one first sensing signal based on the sensing transmitter switching. For example, the second sensing signal may be transmitted by a third device different from the first device.

[0262] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered by the first device.

[0263] For example, additionally, the commands may cause the second device to: perform a measurement on the at least one first sensing signal or the second sensing signal; and perform sensing on the target object based on a measurement value associated with the measurement.

[0264] For example, a signal related to triggering may be transmitted from the first device to the fourth device based on the sensing transmitter switching being triggered, and the second sensing signal may be transmitted by the third device based on information that the fourth device transmits to the third device based on reception of the signal related to triggering.

[0265] For example, the fourth device may be a sensing management function (SMF).

[0266] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on the at least one first power value and the first threshold value.

[0267] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0268] For example, the sensing transmitter switching may be triggered based on a ratio of a second value included in the at least one power value to a first value included in the at least one power value and a first threshold value, and a second sensing signal associated with the second value may be transmitted later than a first sensing signal associated with the first value.

[0269] For example, the transmitter switching may be triggered based on a length of consecutive time intervals in which the ratio is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

[0270] For example, additionally, the instructions may cause the second device to: receive, from the first device, a request for the at least one first power value. For example, the at least one first power value may be transmitted in response to the request.

[0271] For example, the second device may be a terminal or a base station.

[0272] The various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined with each other.

[0273] Below, a description is given of devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure can be applied.

[0274] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connectivity (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0275] Hereinafter, more specific examples will be provided with reference to the drawings. In the drawings / descriptions below, the same drawing reference numerals may represent identical or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks, unless otherwise described.

[0276] Fig. 13 illustrates a communication system (1) according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of Fig. 13 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0277] Referring to FIG. 13, a communication system (1) to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using a wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Things) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with a wireless communication function, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone) and / or an Aerial Vehicle (AV) (e.g., an Advanced Air Mobility (AAM)). The XR device may include an Augmented Reality (AR) / Virtual Reality (VR) / Mixed Reality (MR) device, and may be implemented in the form of a Head-Mounted Device (HMD), a Head-Up Display (HUD) equipped in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. The portable device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch, smart glasses), a computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.), etc. The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, a washing machine, etc. The IoT device may include a sensor, a smart meter, etc. For example, a base station and a network may also be implemented as a wireless device, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0278] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may include not only LTE, NR, and 6G, but also Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. At this time, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology, and may be implemented with standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. At this time, for example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology can be implemented by at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the above-described names. Additionally or alternatively, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless devices (100a to 100f) of the present disclosure can include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) considering low-power communication, and is not limited to the above-described names. For example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PAN) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and can be called by various names.

[0279] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) via a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology can be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) via the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, etc. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) can communicate with each other via the base station (200) / network (300), but can also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to Everything) communication). In addition, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0280] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base stations (200), and base stations (200) / base stations (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or, D2D communication), and communication between base stations (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, at least some of various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation processes can be performed based on various proposals of the present disclosure.

[0281] FIG. 14 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 14 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0282] Referring to FIG. 14, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals via various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} can correspond to {the wireless device (100x), the base station (200)} and / or {the wireless device (100x), the wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 13.

[0283] For example, the description of the first wireless device (or device) and the second wireless device (or device) below may be extended to the third wireless device (300) (or device) or a wireless device (or device) corresponding to a subsequent reference number. For example, the reference number of the processor of the third wireless device (300) may be 302, and the reference number of the transceiver may be 306.

[0284] A first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may further include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memories (104) and / or the transceivers (106), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information in the memory (104) to generate first information / signal, and then transmit a wireless signal including the first information / signal via the transceiver (106). Furthermore, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal including second information / signal via the transceiver (106), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement a wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (106) may be used interchangeably with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0285] A second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202), one or more memories (204), and may further include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memories (204) and / or the transceivers (206), and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information in the memory (204) to generate third information / signals, and then transmit a wireless signal including the third information / signals via the transceivers (206). In addition, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal including fourth information / signals via the transceivers (206), and then store information obtained from signal processing of the fourth information / signals in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may perform some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202), or may store software code including commands for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals via one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or a receiver. The transceiver (206) may be used interchangeably with an RF unit. In the present disclosure, a wireless device may also mean a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0286] Hereinafter, the hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or one or more Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) can generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals and / or methods disclosed herein, and provide the signals to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) can receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.

[0287] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software configured to perform one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and executed by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of codes, instructions and / or sets of instructions.

[0288] One or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be configured as ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drives, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. The one or more memories (104, 204) may be located internally and / or externally to the one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, the one or more memories (104, 204) may be coupled to the one or more processors (102, 202) via various technologies, such as wired or wireless connections.

[0289] One or more transceivers (106, 206) can transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or flowcharts of this document, to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) can receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of this document, from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) can be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and can transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) can control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be coupled to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, or the like, as referred to in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operational flowcharts disclosed herein, via one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. from RF band signals to baseband signals in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) may convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed by one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include an (analog) oscillator and / or filter.

[0290] FIG. 15 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmission signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 15 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0291] Referring to FIG. 15, the signal processing circuit (1000) may include a scrambler (1010), a modulator (1020), a layer mapper (1030), a precoder (1040), a resource mapper (1050), and a signal generator (1060). Although not limited thereto, the operations / functions of FIG. 15 may be performed in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. The hardware elements of FIG. 15 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) and / or the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14. Additionally, blocks 1010 to 1050 may be implemented in the processor (102, 202) of FIG. 14, and block 1060 may be implemented in the transceiver (106, 206) of FIG. 14.

[0292] The codeword can be converted into a wireless signal through the signal processing circuit (1000) of FIG. 15. Here, the codeword is an encoded bit sequence of an information block. The information block can include a transport block (e.g., an UL-SCH transport block, a DL-SCH transport block). The wireless signal can be transmitted through various physical channels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

[0293] Specifically, the codeword can be converted into a bit sequence scrambled by a scrambler (1010). The scramble sequence used for scrambling is generated based on an initialization value, and the initialization value may include ID information of the wireless device, etc. The scrambled bit sequence can be modulated into a modulation symbol sequence by a modulator (1020). The modulation method may include pi / 2-BPSK (pi / 2-Binary Phase Shift Keying), m-PSK (m-Phase Shift Keying), m-QAM (m-Quadrature Amplitude Modulation), etc. The complex modulation symbol sequence can be mapped to one or more transmission layers by a layer mapper (1030). The modulation symbols of each transmission layer can be mapped to the corresponding antenna port(s) by a precoder (1040) (precoding). The output z of the precoder (1040) can be obtained by multiplying the output y of the layer mapper (1030) by a precoding matrix W of N*M. Here, N is the number of antenna ports, and M is the number of transmission layers. Here, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) on complex modulation symbols. In addition, the precoder (1040) can perform precoding without performing transform precoding.

[0294] The resource mapper (1050) can map modulation symbols of each antenna port to time-frequency resources. The time-frequency resources can include multiple symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols, DFT-s-OFDMA symbols) in the time domain and multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. The signal generator (1060) generates a wireless signal from the mapped modulation symbols, and the generated wireless signal can be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end, the signal generator (1060) can include an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) module, a Cyclic Prefix (CP) inserter, a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC), a frequency uplink converter, etc.

[0295] The signal processing process for receiving signals in a wireless device can be configured in reverse order of the signal processing process (1010 to 1060) of FIG. 15. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100, 200 of FIG. 14) can receive wireless signals from the outside through an antenna port / transceiver. The received wireless signals can be converted into baseband signals through a signal restorer. For this purpose, the signal restorer can include a frequency downlink converter, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fourier transform (FFT) module. Thereafter, the baseband signal can be restored to a codeword through a resource demapper process, a postcoding process, a demodulation process, and a descrambling process. The codewords can be restored to the original information blocks through decoding. Accordingly, a signal processing circuit (not shown) for a received signal may include a signal restorer, a resource de-mapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a de-scrambler, and a decoder.

[0296] Figure 16 illustrates a wireless device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use case / service (see Figure 13). The embodiment of Figure 16 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0297] Referring to FIG. 16, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 14 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / units, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and an additional element (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and a transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 14. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 14. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and the additional elements (140) and controls the overall operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on the program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). In addition, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external device (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface in the memory unit (130).

[0298] The additional element (140) may be configured in various ways depending on the type of the wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 13, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 13, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 13, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 13, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 13, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 13, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, an AI server / device (Fig. 13, 400), a base station (Fig. 13, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices may be mobile or stationary depending on the use / service.

[0299] In FIG. 16, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least some may be wirelessly connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be wired, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be wirelessly connected via the communication unit (110). In addition, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may further include one or more elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more processor sets. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of a random access memory (RAM), a dynamic RAM (DRAM), a read only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and / or a combination thereof.

[0300] Below, the implementation example of Fig. 16 is described in more detail with reference to the drawings.

[0301] FIG. 17 illustrates a mobile device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The mobile device may include a smartphone, a smart pad, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smartglasses), or a portable computer (e.g., a laptop, etc.). The mobile device may be referred to as a Mobile Station (MS), a User Terminal (UT), a Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS), a Subscriber Station (SS), an Advanced Mobile Station (AMS), or a Wireless Terminal (WT). The embodiment of FIG. 17 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure, and some descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operations of the embodiments may be omitted.

[0302] Referring to FIG. 17, the portable device (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), a power supply unit (140a), an interface unit (140b), and an input / output unit (140c). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as a part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 to 130 / 140a to 140c correspond to blocks 110 to 130 / 140 of FIG. 16, respectively.

[0303] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with other wireless devices and base stations. The control unit (120) can control components of the mobile device (100) to perform various operations. The control unit (120) can include an AP (Application Processor). The memory unit (130) can store data / parameters / programs / codes / commands required for operating the mobile device (100). In addition, the memory unit (130) can store input / output data / information, etc. The power supply unit (140a) supplies power to the mobile device (100) and can include a wired / wireless charging circuit, a battery, etc. The interface unit (140b) can support connection between the mobile device (100) and other external devices. The interface unit (140b) can include various ports (e.g., audio input / output ports, video input / output ports) for connection with external devices. The input / output unit (140c) can input or output video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from a user. The input / output unit (140c) may include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit (140d), a speaker, and / or a haptic module.

[0304] For example, in the case of data communication, the input / output unit (140c) obtains information / signals (e.g., touch, text, voice, image, video) input by the user, and the obtained information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130). The communication unit (110) converts the information / signals stored in the memory into wireless signals, and can directly transmit the converted wireless signals to other wireless devices or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit (110) can receive wireless signals from other wireless devices or base stations, and then restore the received wireless signals to the original information / signals. The restored information / signals can be stored in the memory unit (130) and then output in various forms (e.g., text, voice, image, video, haptic) through the input / output unit (140c).

[0305] The claims set forth in this disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of this disclosure and the technical features of the device claims of this disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In the method, a step of transmitting at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and A step of receiving, from a second device, at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, A method wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one first power value.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above sensing transmitter switching is triggered by a first device.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein, based on the above sensing transmitter switching, a second sensing signal after the at least one first sensing signal is transmitted by a third device.

4. In paragraph 3, A method in which sensing of the target object is performed based on at least one of the first sensing signal or the second sensing signal.

5. In paragraph 3, Further comprising a step of transmitting a signal related to triggering to a fourth device based on the above sensing transmitter switching being triggered, A method wherein the second sensing signal is transmitted by the third device based on information that the fourth device transmits to the third device based on reception of a signal related to the triggering.

6. In paragraph 5, A method wherein the fourth device is a sensing management function (SMF).

7. In paragraph 1, A method wherein said transmitter switching is triggered based on said at least one first power value and a first threshold value.

8. In paragraph 7, A method wherein the transmitter switching is triggered based on a length of a consecutive time interval during which the at least one first power value is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

9. In paragraph 1, The sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on a ratio of a second value included in the at least one power value to a first value included in the at least one power value and a first threshold value, and A method wherein a second sensing signal associated with the second value is transmitted later than a first sensing signal associated with the first value.

10. In paragraph 9, A method wherein the transmitter switching is triggered based on a length of a consecutive time interval during which the ratio is less than the first threshold value being greater than a second threshold value.

11. In paragraph 1, Further comprising the step of transmitting a request for said at least one first power value to said second device, A method wherein at least one of the first power values ​​is received by the request.

12. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the second device is a terminal or a base station.

13. In paragraph 12, A method, wherein the above method is performed by a first device.

14. In the first device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and Receive from the second device at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, A first device, wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one first power value.

15. In a processing device set to control the first device, at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the first device to: Transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and Receive from the second device at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, A processing device, wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one of the first power values.

16. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that records commands, The above commands, when executed, cause the first device to: Transmit at least one first sensing signal toward a target object; and Receive from the second device at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal reflected by the target object, A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one first power value.

17. In the method, A step of receiving at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object; A step of obtaining at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the first sensing signal; and A step of transmitting at least one first power value to a first device that transmitted at least one first sensing signal, A method wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one first power value.

18. In paragraph 17, Further comprising a step of receiving a second sensing signal after the at least one first sensing signal based on the above sensing transmitter switching, A method wherein the second sensing signal is transmitted by a third device different from the first device.

19. In the second device, At least one transmitter / receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions, The above instructions, based on being executed by the at least one processor, cause the second device to: Receive at least one first sensing signal reflected by a target object; Obtaining at least one first power value associated with the at least one first sensing signal based on a measurement of the at least one first sensing signal; and Transmitting at least one first power value to the first device that transmitted the at least one first sensing signal, A second device, wherein sensing transmitter switching is triggered based on at least one of the first power values.

20. In paragraph 19, The above commands cause the second device to: Based on the above sensing transmitter switching, a second sensing signal is received after the at least one first sensing signal, A second device, wherein the second sensing signal is transmitted by a third device different from the first device.

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