Device and method for supporting modulation symbols at high chip rate for ambient IoT communication in wireless communication system

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for supporting modulation symbols at a high chip rate for ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

Description

Device and method for supporting high-chip rate modulation symbols for ambient IOT communication in a wireless communication system

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a device and method for supporting high chip rate modulation symbols for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communications in a wireless communication system.

[0002]

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication services, such as voice and data. Typically, wireless communication systems are multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power). Examples of multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA).

[0004]

[0005] To solve the above-described problems, the present disclosure provides a device and method for supporting high chip rate modulation symbols for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0006] The technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are not limited to the technical problems mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by a person having ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongs from the description below.

[0007]

[0008] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a first device is provided, the method comprising: transmitting, to a second device, configuration information including an M value that is greater than a reference value M0, wherein the M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that a difference or ratio between a chip duration and a length of a CP is greater than a predetermined threshold value; periodically transmitting, to the second device, information related to a violation pattern based on a sampling frequency offset (SFO) of a specific range of the second device; transmitting, to the second device, a plurality of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols based on the M value, the plurality of OOK symbols including a CP period of the CP, and a position and a length of the CP based on the violation pattern; and transmitting, to the second device, control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP period.

[0009] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a method performed by a second device is provided, comprising: receiving, from a first device, configuration information including an M value that is greater than a reference value M0, wherein the M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that a difference or ratio between a chip duration and a length of a CP is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value; periodically receiving, from the first device, information related to a violation pattern based on a sampling frequency offset (SFO) of a specific range of the second device; receiving, from the first device, a plurality of On-Off Keying (OOK) symbols based on the M value, wherein the plurality of OOK symbols include a CP period of the CP, and a position and a length of the CP are based on the violation pattern; and receiving, from the first device, control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP period.

[0010] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0011] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided, comprising: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connectable to the at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, perform operations, wherein the operations include all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0012] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0013] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a control device for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided, the control device including at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, wherein the at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, the operations including all steps of a method performed by the second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0014] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a first device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0015] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, there is provided one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, wherein the one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, the operations including all steps of a method performed by a second device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0016]

[0017] In order to solve the above-described problem, the present disclosure can provide a device and method for supporting high chip rate modulation symbols for Ambient Internet of Things (Ambient IoT) communication in a wireless communication system.

[0018]

[0019] The accompanying drawings are intended to aid in understanding the present disclosure and, together with detailed descriptions, may provide embodiments of the present disclosure. However, the technical features of the present disclosure are not limited to specific drawings, and the features disclosed in each drawing may be combined with each other to form new embodiments. Reference numerals in each drawing may indicate structural elements.

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using the same.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless frame structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0023] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0024] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0025] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected through an intermediate node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0027] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0029] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0030] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device energy state according to an operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0031] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0032] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + indoor intermediate UE + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0033] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of data-0 and data-1 according to a UHF passive RFID method using PIE (Pulse Interval Encoding) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an initial OFDM symbol structure of an NR slot in which a long CP, a useful OFDM symbol, and a normal CP are composed of 10, 128, and 9 samples, respectively, based on a 1.92 MHz sampling standard in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0035] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure for performing valid OOK symbol reception by detecting, excluding, or auxiliary utilizing a CP section (10 or 9 samples) within a chip duration of 32 samples based on 1.92 MHz when M=4 in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0036] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a clock division structure based on a 4-bit counter based on a sampling clock in a system applicable to the present disclosure and each divided clock waveform.

[0037] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing relationship between NR OFDM symbols and OOK symbols, ME-based ON / OFF patterns, transition occurrence locations, and CP copy intervals when M=16 and ME are applied in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0038] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process for inferring a CP location based on an anomaly in a transition interval when M=32, which is greater than M=16, is applied to a section copied to a CP in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0039] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process for inferring a CP location or length based on an anomaly due to the absence of a transition when a pattern with a mid-symbol transition removed is transmitted without applying ME to a section copied to a CP in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0041] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0042] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0043]

[0044] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “A, B or C” may mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”

[0045] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, a slash ( / ) or a comma may mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C."

[0046] In various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Furthermore, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted as equivalent to “at least one of A and B.”

[0047] Additionally, in various embodiments of the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0048] Additionally, parentheses used in various embodiments of the present disclosure may mean "for example." Specifically, when indicated as "control information (PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." In other words, "control information" in various embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited to "PDCCH", and "PDDCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information." Furthermore, even when indicated as "control information (i.e., PDCCH)", "PDCCH" may be proposed as an example of "control information."

[0049] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0050]

[0051] Common signal transmission methods in 3GPP

[0052] Physical channels and general signal transmission

[0053] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of physical channels used in a system applicable to the present disclosure and a general signal transmission method using these channels. Specifically, FIG. 1 illustrates physical channels used in a 3GPP system and general signal transmission.

[0054] Figure 1 illustrates the physical channels and typical signal transmission used in the 3GPP system. In a wireless communication system, a terminal receives information from a base station via the downlink (DL), and the terminal transmits information to the base station via the uplink (UL). The information transmitted and received between the base station and the terminal includes data and various control information, and various physical channels exist depending on the type and purpose of the information they transmit and receive.

[0055] When a terminal is powered on again from a powered-off state or newly enters a cell, it performs an initial cell search operation, such as synchronizing with the base station (S11). To this end, the terminal receives the PSCH (Primary Synchronization Channel) and SSCH (Secondary Synchronization Channel) from the base station to synchronize with the base station and obtain information such as the cell ID (cell identity). In addition, the terminal can obtain broadcast information within the cell by receiving the PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel) from the base station. In addition, the terminal can receive the DL RS (Downlink Reference Signal) during the initial cell search phase to check the downlink channel status.

[0056] A terminal that has completed initial cell search can obtain more specific system information by receiving a PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and a corresponding PDSCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) (S12).

[0057] Thereafter, the terminal may perform a random access procedure to complete connection to the base station (S13-S16). Specifically, the terminal may transmit a preamble via a physical random access channel (PRACH) (S13) and receive a random access response (RAR) for the preamble via a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) and a corresponding PDSCH (S14). Thereafter, the terminal may transmit a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) using scheduling information in the RAR (S15) and perform a contention resolution procedure such as a PDCCH and a corresponding PDSCH (S16).

[0058] A terminal that has performed the above-described procedure can then perform PDCCH / PDSCH reception (S17) and PUSCH / PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) transmission (S18) as general uplink / downlink signal transmission procedures. Control information that the terminal transmits to the base station is referred to as UCI (Uplink Control Information). UCI includes HARQ ACK / NACK (Hybrid Automatic Repeat and reQuest Acknowledgement / Negative-ACK), SR (Scheduling Request), CSI (Channel State Information), etc. CSI includes CQI (Channel Quality Indicator), PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator), RI (Rank Indication), etc. UCI is generally transmitted through PUCCH, but can be transmitted through PUSCH when control information and data must be transmitted simultaneously. In addition, the terminal can aperiodically transmit UCI through PUSCH according to a request / instruction of the network.

[0059]

[0060] OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) Numerology

[0061] The new RAT system uses OFDM transmission scheme or a similar transmission scheme. The new RAT system may follow OFDM parameters different from those of LTE. Alternatively, the new RAT system may follow the existing LTE / LTE-A numerology but have a larger system bandwidth (e.g., 100 MHz). Alternatively, a single cell may support multiple numerologies. That is, UEs operating under different numerologies can coexist within a single cell.

[0062]

[0063] Radio frame structure

[0064] FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0065] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are structured as frames. A radio frame is 10ms long and is defined as two 5ms half-frames (HF). Each half-frame is defined as five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a regular CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols can include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0066] Table 1 illustrates that when CP is normally used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0067] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0068] N slot symb is the number of symbols in the slot. N frame,u slotis the number of slots in the frame. N subframe,u slot is the number of slots within a subframe.

[0069]

[0070] Table 2 illustrates that when extended CP is used, the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe vary depending on the SCS.

[0071] SCS (15*2^u)N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0072] NR supports multiple numerologies (or subcarrier spacings (SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports wide areas in traditional cellular bands; an SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban areas, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth; and an SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports bandwidths greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0073] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 3 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the "sub 6 GHz range", and FR2 can mean the "above 6 GHz range" and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0074] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0075] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency band above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, such as for vehicular communications (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0076] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0077] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0078]

[0079] FIG. 3 is a drawing illustrating an example of a slot structure used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0080] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, a slot contains 7 symbols for a regular CP, but 6 symbols for an extended CP. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) is defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can contain up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication is performed through activated BWPs, and only one BWP can be activated for a single terminal. Each element in the resource grid is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0081]

[0082] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a slot structure of a wireless frame used in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0083] Fig. 4 is an exemplary system, illustrating the slot structure of a frame of an NR system.

[0084] The frame structure of NR is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and UL control channel can all be included in a single slot unit, as shown in the example of FIG. 4. At this time, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc. can be transmitted in the DL control channel, and ACK / NACK information for DL ​​data, CSI information (modulation and coding scheme information, MIMO transmission-related information, etc.), scheduling requests, etc. can be transmitted in the UL control channel. In FIG. 4, a time gap for DL-to-UL or UL-to-DL switching may exist between the control region and the data region. In addition, some of DL control / DL data / UL data / UL control may not be configured within a single slot. Or, the order of each channel configuring a single slot may be different. (For example, DL control / DL data / UL control / UL data or UL control / UL data / DL control / DL data, etc.)

[0085]

[0086] Ambient IoT communication (Rel-18)

[0087] The Ambient Internet of Things (A-IoT) may be a new type / segment of devices that operate solely on energy harvested from the surrounding environment. For example, A-IoT could refer to a new type of Internet of Things device that is powered by various energy sources harvested from the surrounding environment, such as radio waves, light, motion, and heat. Table 5 presents examples of A-IoT use cases.

[0088] Inventory: Smart labeling / identification in warehouse, supply chain, airport shipping, manufacturing, logistics, retail, etc. Sensor: Environment sensing in smart farm, smart city, smart home, smart grid, etc. Positioning: Location tracking and ranging in indoor / outdoor for assets, products, personal item tracking, etc. Command: Actuator, device activation / deactivation, electronic labeling, etc.

[0089] The following shows IoT communication-related issues discussed in 3GPP RAN.

[0090] This study targets at a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0091] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0092]

[0093] In terms of energy storage, the study will consider the following device characteristics:

[0094] - Pure batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and completely dependent on the availability of an external source of energy

[0095] - Devices with limited energy storage capability that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually.

[0096] Device categorization based on corresponding characteristics (e.g. energy source, energy storage capability, passive / active transmission, etc.) may be discussed during the study, in relation with the relevant use cases.

[0097] The device's peak power consumption shall be limited by its practical form factor for the intended use cases, and shall consider its energy source.

[0098]

[0099] Identify the suitable deployment scenarios and their characteristics, at least for the use cases / services agreed in SA1's "Study on Ambient power-enabled internet of Things", comprising among at least the following aspects:

[0100] - Indoor / outdoor environment

[0101] - Basestation characteristics, e.g. macro / micro / pico cell-based deployments

[0102] - Connectivity topologies, including which node(s), e.g., basestation, UE, relay, repeater, etc. can communicate with target devices

[0103] - TDD / FDD and frequency bands in licensed or unlicensed spectrum

[0104] - Coexistence with UEs and infrastructure in frequency bands for existing 3GPP technologies

[0105] - Device originated and / or device terminated traffic assumption

[0106]

[0107] NOTE: There can be more than one deployment scenario identified for a use case, and a deployment scenario may be common to more than one use case.

[0108] NOTE: Where more than one deployment scenario is identified for a use case, the trade-offs between them should also be studied.

[0109] NOTE: The study shall not prioritize deployment aspects that should be coordinated with SA, e.g., public or private network, with or without CN connection.

[0110] NOTE: A representative use case can be studied for a group of use cases that have similar requirements.

[0111]

[0112] Formulate a set of RAN design targets based on the identified deployment scenarios and their characteristics for the relevant use cases, at least including:

[0113] - Power consumption

[0114] - Complexity

[0115] - Coverage

[0116] - Data rate

[0117] - Positioning accuracy

[0118]

[0119] NOTE: The requirements from SA1 on the relevant use cases shall be taken into consideration.

[0120] NOTE: The study shall aim to provide better coverage compared to existing non-3GPP technologies for the relevant use cases.

[0121] NOTE: Other RAN design targets in relation to connection density, mobility, security, latency, reliability, etc. may be discussed, if necessary for the relevant use cases.

[0122] NOTE: Detailed definitions of the RAN design targets should be discussed during the study.

[0123]

[0124] Compare and assess the feasibility of meeting the design targets for relevant use cases on the basis of the deployment scenario(s) appropriate to it, and identify assumptions on required functionality to be supported.

[0125] NOTE: This is not to require a detailed WG-level of analysis.

[0126]

[0127] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g. NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0128] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0129]

[0130] For example, active signal generation and / or backscattering may be among the communication technologies considered to achieve low-power operation of A-IoT devices. For example, backscattering is a technique widely used in radio frequency identification (RFID), which allows devices to communicate with a network by reflecting incident waves after modulating them with information to be transmitted. For example, the device may be powered by the incident RF signal or by stored energy.

[0131] For example, IoT devices can be classified into various device types, such as passive, semi-passive, and active, depending on how they store energy and generate transmission signals. For example, a passive device does not have an energy storage device (e.g., a capacitor) and can communicate based on backscatter communication technology. For example, a semi-passive device has an energy storage device and can communicate using backscatter communication technology with the help of the energy storage device. For example, an active device has an energy storage device and can actively generate signals using active RF components and the stored energy to communicate. For example, in the present disclosure, the following three types of IoT devices can be considered. For example, device A can be a device without energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). For example, device B can be a device with energy storage and without independent signal generation (e.g., a device that supports backscatter transmission). In this case, for example, the use of stored energy may involve amplification of the reflected signal. For example, device C may be a device with energy storage and independent signal generation (e.g., a device with an active RF component for transmission).

[0132] For example, the following basic topologies may be considered to support A-IoT devices in indoor and outdoor scenarios. For example, the basic topologies may include direct connections between base stations and A-IoT devices, connections between base stations and intermediate nodes and A-IoT devices, connection support by auxiliary nodes, and / or connections between terminals and A-IoT devices. The basic topologies proposed in this disclosure are merely examples, and the proposals in this disclosure may be extended / applied to other topologies.

[0133]

[0134] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 1) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0135] The embodiment of FIG. 5 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0136] Referring to FIG. 5, the A-IoT device can communicate directly and bidirectionally with the base station. For example, communication between the base station and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 5, the base station transmitting to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving from the A-IoT device may be different. For example, in the topology 1, the base station and the A-IoT device in a micro-cell environment may communicate directly with each other. For example, the base station may be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with an existing 3GPP technology.

[0137]

[0138] FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 2) in which a base station and an A-IoT device are connected through an intermediate node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0139] The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0140] Referring to FIG. 6, an A-IoT device can bidirectionally communicate with an intermediate node between the device and a base station. Here, for example, the intermediate node can be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a terminal, a repeater, etc. For example, the intermediate node can transmit A-IoT data and / or signals between the base station and the A-IoT device. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals can be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel). In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the intermediate node transmitting to the A-IoT device and the intermediate node receiving from the A-IoT device can be different. For example, in the topology 2, an intermediate node can exist between a base station in a macro-cell environment and the A-IoT device. For example, the base station can be located at a co-site with a base station equipped with an existing 3GPP technology. For example, intermediate nodes may be limited to terminals, and intermediate nodes may be located indoors.

[0141]

[0142] FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0143] FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 3) supported by an auxiliary node in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0144] The embodiments of FIGS. 7 and 8 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0145] Referring to Fig. 7, an auxiliary node may be supported for downlink reception. For example, an A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to a base station, and the A-IoT device may receive data / signals from the auxiliary node. Referring to Fig. 8, an auxiliary node may be supported for uplink transmission. For example, an A-IoT device may receive data / signals from a base station, and the A-IoT device may transmit data / signals to an auxiliary node. Here, for example, the auxiliary node may be an A-IoT-capable relay, an IAB node, a terminal, a repeater, etc.

[0146]

[0147] FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of a topology (topology 4) in which a terminal and an A-IoT device are directly connected in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0148] The embodiment of FIG. 9 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0149] Referring to FIG. 9, the A-IoT device can communicate bidirectionally with the terminal. For example, communication between the terminal and the A-IoT device may include A-IoT data and / or signals. For example, the A-IoT data and / or signals may be transmitted or received based on a control channel and / or a data channel (e.g., a shared channel).

[0150] For example, transmission by an A-IoT device may be performed over a frequency division duplexing (FDD) spectrum (e.g., an FDD UL spectrum).

[0151]

[0152] Ambient IoT solutions SI (Rel-19)

[0153] A study item titled "Study on solutions for Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in NR" was approved in 3GPP NR Release 19. Specifically, the study item will be conducted in 3GPP NR Release 19 based on the following:

[0154]

[0155] The following is an excerpt from 3GPP Draft RP-234058.

[0156] This study targets a further assessment at RAN WG-level of Ambient IoT, a new 3GPP IoT technology, suitable for deployment in a 3GPP system, which relies on ultra-low complexity devices with ultra-low power consumption for the very-low end IoT applications.

[0157] The study shall provide clear differentiation, i.e. addressing use cases and scenarios that cannot otherwise be fulfilled based on existing 3GPP LPWA IoT technology e.g. NB-IoT including with reduced peak Tx power.

[0158]

[0159] General Scope

[0160] The definitions provided in TR 38.848 are taken into this SI, and the following are included in the exclusive general scope:

[0161]

[0162] A. The overall objective shall be to study a harmonized air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT to enable the following devices:

[0163]

[0164] i. ~1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0165]

[0166] ii. ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission may be generated internally by the device, or be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0167]

[0168] X is to be decided in WGs.

[0169] Coverage design goal: Maximum distance of 10-50 m ("...a range that WGs can sub-select within") for indoor devices according to TR 38.848.

[0170] For Topologies 1 & 2 (UE as intermediate node under NW control) per TR 38.848, with no RRC states, no mobility (i.e. at least no cell selection / re-selection -like function), no HARQ, no ARQ.

[0171] NOTE 1: It is to be understood that "≤ a few hundred μW" means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the "≤ a few hundred μW" requirement.

[0172]

[0173] B. Deployment Scenarios with the following characteristics, referenced to the tables in Clause 4.2.2 of TR 38.848:

[0174]

[0175] Deployment Scenario 1 (Topology 1): Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Micro-cell, co-site.

[0176] Deployment scenario 2 (Topology 2): Using a UE as an intermediate node under network control. Basestation and coexistence characteristics: Macro-cell, co-site.

[0177] The location of the intermediate node is indoor.

[0178] C. FR1 licensed spectrum in FDD.

[0179] D. Spectrum deployment in-band to NR, in guard-band to LTE / NR, in standalone band(s).

[0180] E. Traffic types DO-DTT, DT, with focus on rUC1 (indoor inventory) and rUC4 (indoor command).

[0181]

[0182] From RAN#104, the study will assess whether the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) can address the DO-A (Device-originated autonomous) use case.

[0183] Only to identify which part(s) of the harmonized air interface design (per bullet 'A' above) is / are not sufficient for the DO-A use case.

[0184] Transmission from Ambient IoT devices (including backscattering when used) can occur at least in UL spectrum.

[0185]

[0186] The following objectives are set within the General Scope:

[0187]

[0188] 1. Evaluation assumptions

[0189] a) Conclude at least the following aspects of design targets left to WGs in Clause 5 (RAN design targets) of TR 38.848 [RAN1]:

[0190]

[0191] Clause 5.3: Applicable maximum distance target value(s)

[0192] Clause 5.6: Refine the definition of latency suitable for use in RAN WGs

[0193] Clause 5.8: 2D distribution of devices

[0194] b) Define necessary further evaluation assumptions of deployment scenarios for coverage and coexistence evaluations [RAN1, RAN4].

[0195] c) Identify basic blocks / components of possible Ambient IoT device architectures, taking into account state of the art implementations of low-power low-complexity devices which meet the RAN design target for power consumption and complexity. [RAN1].

[0196] d) Define link budget calculation for coverage, including whether / how to model carrier wave from node(s) inside or outside the connectivity topology.

[0197]

[0198] NOTE: Assessment performance of the design targets is conducted within the study of feasibility and necessity of proposals in the following objectives, e.g., by inspection of reference implementations in the field, simulations, and analytically.

[0199] NOTE: Strive to minimize evaluation cases in RAN1.

[0200]

[0201] 2. Study necessary and feasible solutions for Ambient IoT as prescribed in the General Scope.

[0202] Determining which functions, procedures, etc. are needed and not needed, and ensuring at least the required functionalities in Section 6.2 of TR 38.848.

[0203] Study of positioning in Rel-19 is RAN3-led, limited to functionalities which would have no, or minimal, specification impact.

[0204] Note: this does not imply any decision relating to WI creation.

[0205] Study the feasibility and required functionalities for proximity determination.

[0206] Coordination with SA3 is required for privacy aspects.

[0207] RAN1-led:

[0208] For the Ambient IoT DL and UL, study the following items:

[0209] Frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access

[0210] Numerologies, bandwidths, and multiple access

[0211] Waveforms and modulations

[0212] Channel coding

[0213] Downlink channel / signal aspects

[0214] Uplink channel / signal aspects

[0215] Scheduling and timing relationships

[0216] Study necessary characteristics of carrier-wave waveform for a carrier wave provided externally to the Ambient IoT device, including for interference handling at Ambient IoT UL receiver and at NR basestation.

[0217] For Topology 2, no difference in physical layer design from Topology 1.

[0218] RAN2-led:

[0219] Study and decide which functions are needed for an Ambient IoT compact protocol stack and lightweight signaling procedure to enable DO-DTT and DT data transmission, and study those functions.

[0220] example:

[0221] Paging

[0222] Random access

[0223] Data transmission, including necessary radio resource control aspects, respecting the limitation in the General Scope

[0224] Interactions with upper layers

[0225] For functionalities not listed above, they are studied only if found essential.

[0226] RAN3-led:

[0227] Identify necessary impacts on signaling and procedures for CN-RAN interface to enable:

[0228] Paging

[0229] Device context management

[0230] Data transport

[0231] Identify RAN architecture aspects, including whether support for split architecture is necessary.

[0232] Identify potential solutions for locating an Ambient IoT device with no specification impact, e.g., reusing existing user location report, or minimal specification impact to convey location information to core network.

[0233] RAN4-led:

[0234] Coexistence study of Ambient IoT and NR / LTE.

[0235] RF requirements study for Ambient IoT:

[0236] Ambient IoT BS transmission and reception

[0237] Ambient IoT Device, as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0238] Intermediate node (UE), as per the General Scope, transmission and reception

[0239] RAN2 and RAN3 are expected to identify RAN-CN functional split in coordination with SA2.

[0240]

[0241] Note: This study shall target for an IoT segment well below the existing 3GPP IoT technologies, e.g. NB-IoT, eMTC, RedCap, etc.

[0242] This study shall not aim to replace existing 3GPP LPWA technologies.

[0243]

[0244]

[0245] For example, as in the 3GPP Draft RP-234058, the types of A-IoT devices can be divided into two as follows. For example, a Type 1 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately 1 uW, can store energy, has no amplification function, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a reader such as a base station or a terminal, or a separate node). For example, a Type 2 device has a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred uW, can store energy, has an amplification function, and can transmit by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a reader such as a base station or a terminal, or a separate node) or using a signal generated internally by itself.

[0246] For example, in addition to the above-described classification methods, the type / class of A-IoT devices can be distinguished based on parameters associated with device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of BPF (band-pass filter), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or a combination of parameters. Here, for example, BPF capability can be distinguished by 3-dB bandwidth of supported BPF, sharpness, etc., and UL transmission methods can be distinguished by, for example, backscatter UL transmission, UL transmission by internal signal generation, etc.

[0247] In addition, the type / class of A-IoT devices can be subdivided based on parameters associated with the device characteristics (e.g., presence / capacity of energy storage, level of energy / power consumption, presence / capacity of amplification, presence / capacity of band-pass filter (BPF), supported DL / UL transmission method(s), etc.) or a combination of parameters. For example, the above-described Type 2 device can be classified into Type 2a if it performs transmission by backscattering a carrier wave (CW) provided from the outside (e.g., a reader such as a base station or terminal or a separate node), and Type 2b if it performs transmission using a signal generated internally by itself. In this case, Type 2a and 2b can be the same in that they have a maximum power consumption of approximately several hundred microwatts, are capable of energy storage, and have an amplification function.

[0248] For example, some types / classes of A-IoT devices (e.g., Device B, Device C, Type 1 devices, and / or Type 2 devices) may have energy storage capabilities (e.g., capacitors or charging batteries) for the following purposes:

[0249] - Stable energy security at the time of reception / transmission

[0250] - Operation of low-power communication modules through energy storage in low RF energy states

[0251] For example, the minimum RF reception sensitivity for operation of a low-power communication module may be -20 dBm, and the minimum reception sensitivity for energy harvesting may be -20 dBm. In this case, if the reception power of the A-IoT device ranges between -30 and -20 dBm, communication may not be possible without a capacitor, but communication may be possible after a charging time with a capacitor.

[0252] - Energy harvested from different energy sources (e.g. solar, thermal, wind, kinetic, etc.) is accumulated in a single capacitor and used to operate a low-power communication module at a desired time.

[0253]

[0254] FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of power consumption according to the operating state of an energy harvesting-based device with energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0255] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a device energy state according to an operating state of an energy harvesting-based device having energy storage capability in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0256] The embodiments of FIG. 10 and FIG. 11 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0257] Referring to FIG. 11, S1 may be a sleep state, S2 may be an active state, and P1 and P2 may be power consumption in S1 and S2, respectively. For example, the active state may mean a state in which the device consumes power to perform operations such as receiving / transmitting for communication and sensing, and the sleep state may be a state in which it is not an active state.

[0258] Fig. 10 may represent a device energy state corresponding to Fig. 11. Referring to Fig. 10, the E1 value and the E2 value may vary depending on the device (type / class), and the device may report information related to the E1 value and / or information related to the E2 value to R and / or the base station as capability parameters. For example, the E2 value may be defined as an energy value in a buffered state, and the E1 value may be defined as a minimum energy value required in an active state.

[0259] For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible only when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2. For example, a transition from S1 to S2 may be possible when the device energy state value is greater than E1 (i.e., in the range between E1 and E2). The embodiments of FIGS. 10 and 11 illustrate examples in which a transition from S1 to S2 is performed when the device energy state value is E2 or has reached E2.

[0260] For example, A-IoT devices may require externally provided CW for backscatter transmission. For example, CW may be used to power A-IoT devices or as CW for downlink transmission, regardless of the transmission mode (e.g., backscatter transmission or internally generated transmission).

[0261] For example, CW waveforms can be supported in various types. For example, the CW waveform type can be a single-tone CW waveform type or a more complex multi-tone CW waveform type. For example, single-tone CW can be advantageous over multi-tone CW in terms of the multiplexing capacity of tags or readers and in terms of interference because it uses fewer resources. On the other hand, multi-tone CW has advantages such as being able to transfer more energy when transmitting CW in DL, and also securing greater coverage from a single device.

[0262] Considering the advantages of these different CW waveform types, multiple CW waveform types can be supported in the A-IoT system, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure the CW waveform type. For example, one or more CW waveform types supported in the A-IoT communication system can be configured / defined in advance, and the base station / IN / AN / UE can select one of the one or more supported CW waveform types and transmit it to the A-IoT device. For example, the base station / IN / AN / UE can configure / instruct / indicate the selected CW waveform type to the A-IoT device in the form of a command / message transmitted as a preamble / frame-sync or payload.

[0263] For example, the present disclosure may propose at least one of the following for A-IoT communication: frame structure, synchronization and timing, random access, numerology, bandwidth, multiple access, waveforms, modulation, channel coding, channel / signal aspects, scheduling and timing relationships, and / or required characteristics of carrier waveforms for carriers provided external to the A-IoT device (including interference handling at the A-IoT device UL receiver and the NR base station). For example, the present disclosure may propose at least one of the following for A-IoT communication: paging, random access, data transmission including required radio resource control aspects to comply with general range limitations, interaction with upper layers (e.g., RRC layer, non-access stratum (NAS) layer, application layer, etc.), device context management, data transmission, coexistence of A-IoT and 6G / NR / LTE, and / or RF requirements for A-IoT.

[0264]

[0265] Technical terms used in this disclosure

[0266] - SSB: Synchronization Signal Block

[0267] - MIB: Master Information Block

[0268] - RMSI: Remaining Minimum System Information

[0269] - FR1: Frequency Range 1. Refers to the frequency range below 6 GHz (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz).

[0270] - FR2: Frequency Range 2. Refers to the millimeter wave (mmWave) range above 24 GHz (e.g., 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz).

[0271] - BW: Bandwidth

[0272] - BWP: Bandwidth Part

[0273] - RNTI: Radio Network Temporary Identifier

[0274] - CRC: Cyclic Redundancy Check

[0275] - SIB: System Information Block

[0276] - SIB1: SIB1 for NR devices = RMSI (Remaining Minimum System Information). Broadcasts information necessary for NR terminals to connect to the cell.

[0277] - CORESET (COntrol REsource SET): Time / frequency resource for NR terminal to attempt candidate PDCCH decoding

[0278] - CORESET#0: CORESET for Type0-PDCCH CSS set for NR devices (configured in MIB)

[0279] - Type0-PDCCH CSS set: a search space set in which an NR UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0280] - MO: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0281] - SIB1-R: (additional) SIB1 for reduced capability NR devices. May be limited to cases where it is generated as a separate TB from SIB1 and transmitted on a separate PDSCH.

[0282] - CORESET#0-R: CORESET#0 for reduced capability NR devices

[0283] - Type0-PDCCH-R CSS set: a search space set in which a redcap UE monitors a set of PDCCH candidates for a DCI format with CRC scrambled by a SI-RNTI

[0284] - MO-R: PDCCH Monitoring Occasion for Type0-PDCCH CSS set

[0285] - Cell defining SSB (CD-SSB): SSB containing RMSI scheduling information among NR SSBs

[0286] Non-cell defining SSB (non-CD-SSB): An SSB that is placed in the NR sync raster but does not contain RMSI scheduling information for the corresponding cell for measurement purposes. However, it may contain information indicating the location of the cell defining SSB.

[0287] - SCS: subcarrier spacing

[0288] - SI-RNTI: System Information Radio-Network Temporary Identifier

[0289] - Camp on: "Camp on" is the UE state in which the UE stays on a cell and is ready to initiate a potential dedicated service or to receive an ongoing broadcast service.

[0290] - TB: Transport Block

[0291] - RSA (Redcap standalone): Redcap device 또는 service만 지원하는 cell.

[0292] - SIB1(-R)-PDSCH: SIB1(-R)을 전송하는 PDSCH

[0293] - SIB1(-R)-DCI: SIB1(-R)-PDSCH를 scheduling하는 DCI. DCI format 1_0 with CRC scrambled by SI-RNTI.

[0294] - SIB1(-R)-PDCCH: SIB1(-R)-DCI를 전송하는 PDCCH

[0295] - FDRA: Frequency Domain Resource Allocation

[0296] - TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0297] - RA: Random Access

[0298] - MSGA: preamble and payload transmissions of the random access procedure for 2-step RA type.

[0299] - MSGB: response to MSGA in the 2-step random access procedure. MSGB may consist of response(s) for contention resolution, fallback indication(s), and backoff indication.

[0300] - RO-N: RO (RACH Occasion) for normal UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0301] - RO-N1, RO-N2: When a separate RO is set for normal UE 2-step RACH, it is divided into RO-N1 (4-step) and RO-N2 (2-step).

[0302] - RO-R: RO (RACH Occasion) set separately from RO-N for redcap UE 4-step RACH and 2-step RACH (if configured)

[0303] - RO-R1, RO-R2: When separate ROs are set for redcap UE 2-step RACH, they are distinguished as RO-R1 (4-step) and RO-R2 (2-step).

[0304] - PG-R: MsgA-Preambles Group for redcap UEs

[0305] - RAR: Random Access Response

[0306] - RAR window: the time window to monitor RA response(s)

[0307] - FH: Frequency Hopping

[0308] - iBWP: initial BWP

[0309] - iBWP-DL(-UL): initial DL(UL) BWP

[0310] - iBWP-DL(-UL)-R: (separate) initial DL(UL) BWP for RedCap

[0311] - CS: Cyclic shift

[0312] - NB: Narrowband

[0313] - TO: Traffic Offloading

[0314] - mMTC; massive Machine Type Communications

[0315] - eMBB: enhanced Mobile Broadband Communication

[0316] - URLLC: Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication

[0317] - RedCap: Reduced Capability

[0318] - eRedCap: enhanced RedCap

[0319] - FDD: Frequency Division Duplex

[0320] - HD-FDD: Half-Duplex-FDD

[0321] - DRX: Discontinuous Reception

[0322] - RRC: Radio Resource Control

[0323] - RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0324] - MM: Mobility Management

[0325] - IWSN: Industrial Wireless Sensor Network

[0326] - LPWA: Low Power Wide Area

[0327] - RB: Resource Block

[0328] - CCE: Control Channel Element

[0329] - AL: Aggregation Level

[0330] - PRG: Physical Resource-block Group

[0331] - DFT-s-OFDM: DFT-spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0332] - PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0333] - A-PBCH: Additional PBCH

[0334] - BD: blind detection

[0335] - EPRE: Energy Per RE

[0336] - SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio

[0337] - TDM: Time Division Multiplexing

[0338] - FDM: Frequency Division Multiplexing

[0339] - DMRS: DeModulation Reference Signal

[0340] - TDD: Time Division Duplex

[0341] - PCI: Physical layer Cell ID

[0342] - EH: Energy Harvesting

[0343] - EH device: A device that operates based on EH. It can include all of Device A / B / C being discussed in 3GPP. In addition, although this disclosure primarily considers RF EH, an EH device does not necessarily have to be RF EH-based.

[0344] - ES: Energizing Signal. A signal / channel transmitted by a base station / IN / AN / UE for the purpose of supplying RF energy to a device operating on RF-based energy harvesting. (Modulated) CW, NR / LTE DL / UL signals, etc. can be ES, and a dedicated signal / channel for ES can also be designed and supported.

[0345] - ET: Energy Transfer

[0346] CW: Carrier wave. Ambient IoT devices supporting backscattering-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating and backscattering "externally provided" CW. Ambient IoT devices supporting independent signal generation-based UL transmission transmit information by modulating "internally generated" CW. Unless otherwise specified, "externally provided" CW for backscattering is assumed. CW can also be used as an energizing signal (ES) for RF energy transfer.

[0347] - CWN: Carrier Wave Node. A node that provides the CW. It may be a base station / IN / AN / UE, and there may be a separate CWN for CW provision purposes.

[0348] - R: Reader / interrogator. This is a standard RFID term. In the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, readers can include gNB / eNB, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs, depending on the topology. Furthermore, Ambient IoT is not limited to 4G / 5G communication systems, and can include base stations, intermediate / assisting nodes, and UEs in next-generation communication systems. This can also refer to Ambient IoT readers.

[0349] - T: Tag / ambient IoT device. RFID standard term. In this disclosure, it can be interchanged with EH device, and in the 3GPP Ambient IoT context, it mainly refers to Ambient IoT device, Device A / B / C.

[0350] - D: Ambient IoT device (may have the same meaning as T above)

[0351] - R→T: Reader-to-Tag or Reader-to-Tag communication link. If the base station or intermediate / assisting node is the reader, it may have the same meaning as DL or forward link.

[0352] - R2D: R-to-D link (can mean the same thing as R→T. Can also be written as R→D.)

[0353] - CW2D: CWN-to-D link (CW node to Ambient IoT device link)

[0354] - T→R: Tag-to-Reader or Tag-to-Reader communication link. When the base station or intermediate / assisting node is the reader, it may have the same meaning as UL or reverse / backward link.

[0355] - D2R: It can have the same meaning as T→R. It can be written as D→R.

[0356] - R↔T: Includes cases of R→T and T→R, or R→T or T→R. It may be the case that both R→T and T→R apply.

[0357] - R↔D: Includes cases of R2D and D2R, or R2D or D2R. This may apply to both R2D and D2R. (This may have the same meaning as R↔T.)

[0358] - RF-EH: RF energy harvesting

[0359] - PRDCH: Physical R2D CHannel (may be written as PR2DCH). A physical channel for R2D communication.

[0360] - PDRCH: Physical D2R CHannel (may be denoted as PD2RCH). Physical channel for D2R communication.

[0361] - BS: Base Station

[0362] - IN: Intermediate node. In Topology 2 (BS ↔ IN ↔ Ambient IoT device), IN acts as the reader. Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be IN.

[0363] - AN: Assisting node. It can assist DL transmission in Topology 3-1 (BS → AN → Ambient IoT device → BS), or assist UL transmission in Topology 3-2 (BS → Ambient IoT device → AN → BS). Relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc. can be AN.

[0364] - UE: User Equipment. In the case of LTE, NR, or next-generation communication systems, it refers to the LTE, NR, or next-generation communication system UE / terminal, respectively. It is a general wireless communication terminal type that is distinct from Ambient IoT devices or Device A / B / C. In Topology 4 (UE ↔ Ambient IoT device), the UE acts as the reader.

[0365] - Device: Unless otherwise stated, and when used alone, refers to EH device, Ambient IoT device, or Device A / B / C indiscriminately.

[0366] - AmIoT: Ambient IoT (=A-IoT)

[0367] - F-gap: Frequency gap

[0368] - T-gap: Time gap

[0369] - TD: Time Domain

[0370] - FD: Frequency Domain

[0371] - PEI: Paging Early Indication

[0372] - LP-WUS: Low-Power Wake-Up Signal

[0373] - LP-SS: Low-Power Synchronization Signal

[0374] - RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power

[0375] - ESRP: ES Received Power. This may refer to RSRP measured using ES. It may have the same meaning as ES-RSRP.

[0376] - PRB: Physical Resource Block

[0377] - EH circuit: A circuit that performs EH operations. An EH device can be viewed as containing an EH circuit in component form.

[0378] - PHR: Power Headroom Report

[0379] - EHR: Energy Headroom Report

[0380] - BPF: Band-Pass Filter

[0381] - SM: Subcarrier Modulation

[0382] - FS: Frequency Shift. In FDD, it can be divided into small FS, which is performed within a small range (e.g., hundreds of kHz) within the DL spectrum or within the UL spectrum (mainly through baseband processing), and large FS, which is performed over a relatively large range (e.g., tens of MHz) from the DL to the UL spectrum or from the UL to the DL spectrum.

[0383] - SFO: Sampling Frequency Offset

[0384] - ASK: Amplitude Shift Keying

[0385] -DSB-ASK: Double-SideBand ASK

[0386] -SSB-ASK: Single-SideBand ASK

[0387] - PR-ASK: Phase-Reversal ASK

[0388] - OOK: On-Off Keying

[0389] - PSK: Phase-Shift Keying

[0390] - BPSK: Binary-PSK

[0391] - FSK: Frequency-Shift Keying

[0392] - B-FSK: Binary FSK

[0393] - M-FSK: M-ary FSK

[0394] - PIE: Pulse-Interval Encoding

[0395] - Ncp-ofdm, Ncp, Nu: The length of the sample unit of the CP-OFDM symbol section, CP section, and useful OFDM symbol section, respectively, in the CP-OFDM symbol. Ncp-ofdm=Ncp+Nu.

[0396]

[0397] Description of prior art

[0398] UHF passive RFID communication (ISO 18000-6C) can be considered as a standardized conventional technology that uses a communication method similar to Ambient IoT communication. This UHF passive RFID supports PIE (Pulse-Interval Encoding) as a data encoding method for R=>T communication and DSB-ASK and / or SSB-ASK and / or PR-ASK as modulation methods. In addition, for T=>R communication, it supports FM0 baseband encoding and Miller modulated subcarrier as data encoding methods and ASK and / or PSK-based backscatter modulation as modulation method.

[0399]

[0400] Composition and Method of the Invention

[0401] In this disclosure, '()' can be interpreted as both excluding the content within () and including the content within the parentheses.

[0402] In this disclosure, ' / ' may mean including all of the contents separated by / (and) or including only some of the contents separated by / (or).

[0403] Meanwhile, supporting Ambient IoT in 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems requires determining data encoding and modulation methods that take into account requirements different from conventional UHF passive RFID, device types, (spectrum) deployment scenarios, connectivity topologies, design targets, and functions. Furthermore, coexistence with efficient 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems must also be considered.

[0404] The present invention proposes a data encoding method, a modulation method, and a method of mapping generated modulation symbols to an OFDM-based waveform for coexistence with efficient 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems, taking into account the points mentioned above, and a method of receiving the same in a receiver.

[0405]

[0406] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0407] FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + indoor intermediate UE + indoor Ambient IoT device) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0408] The methods proposed in the present invention can be applied to both topology 1 and topology 2. They can also be applied to both deployment scenario 1 and deployment scenario 2. To support Ambient IoT communication in 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems, the following combinations of topology, deployment scenario, and CW node type (CW inside topology or CW outside topology) are being considered.

[0409] First, in Deployment scenario 1 with topology 1 (indoor BS + indoor AIoT device), as shown in Fig. 12, the case where external CW is within the topology (D1T1-A), the case where external CW is outside the topology (D1T1-B), and the case where there is no external CW (i.e., D2R transmission using internally generated CW, D1T1-C) are considered.

[0410] Next, in Deployment scenario 2 with topology 2 (outdoor BS + Indoor Intermediate UE + Indoor AIoT device), as shown in Fig. 13, cases where external CW is within the topology (D2T2-A), cases where external CW is outside the topology (D2T2-B), and cases where there is no external CW (i.e., D2R transmission using internally generated CW, D2T2-C) are being considered.

[0411]

[0412] Data encoding and modulation method

[0413] FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of data-0 and data-1 according to a UHF passive RFID method using PIE (Pulse Interval Encoding) in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0414] For R2D / D2R communication, low-power / low-complexity modulation methods such as ASK (e.g., OOK), PSK (e.g., BPSK), and FSK (e.g., B-FSK) can be considered. In addition, for efficient control of R2D / D2R communication, a chip, which is the basic unit of modulation application, can be defined, and based on this, the start and / or end points can be aligned between the transmission symbols of coexisting 4G / 5G / 6G communication systems (e.g., OFDM symbols) and AmIoT transmission symbols, or parameters for R2D / D2R communication (e.g., R2D / D2R data / chip rate, FS value) can be directed / controlled.

[0415] A chip, which is the basic unit of modulation application, can be defined as a unit of bit sequence or phase sequence of the channel / baseband / data encoder output. For example, when Manchester Encoding (ME, e.g., data-0 is mapped to {+phase, -phase} or {1, 0}, and data-1 is mapped to {-phase, +phase} or {0, 1}, or conversely, data-0 is mapped to {-phase, +phase} or {0, 1}, and data-1 is mapped to {+phase, -phase} or {1, 0}) is applied to data-0, a 2-chip Manchester codeword consisting of {1, 0} is generated.

[0416] Based on the definition of these chips, the codeword duration can be defined for the channel / baseband / data encoding schemes considered in AmIoT communication. As explained above, in the case of the ME codeword, the codeword duration can be 2 chips. In the case of the Extended / Repeated ME (e-ME / r-ME), the codeword duration can be defined as 4 chips, 8 chips, etc. depending on the degree of extension / repetition. For example, in the case of e-ME / r-ME, in the case of 4 chips, data-0 can be mapped to {1, 1, 0, 0} or {1, 0, 1, 0}, respectively.

[0417] In the case of PIE, as shown in Fig. 14, which is an example of UHF passive RFID application, the length of the low section (PW) is set equally by R regardless of data-0 and data-1, and data-0 and data-1 are identified by the difference in the high section. R can select / determine the length of data-0 and data-1 within a certain range, and can instruct T about this selection / decision related information through R→T preamble or frame sync. In order to support this method in Topology 2 for AmIoT communication, the base station can set / instruct IN (eg, UE) about information related to the length of data-0 and data-1. Or, it can set / instruct information related to the difference between the length of data-0, the length of data-1, and the length of data-0. IN (eg, UE) can perform R2D transmission and / or D2R reception operations using the set / instructed information.

[0418] When applying the PIE method for AmIoT communication, the chip can be defined in the following two ways.

[0419] (1) Method 1) A method of defining a chip based on the duration of low / off / -phase (e.g., PW in Fig. 14)

[0420] (1-1) The codeword / encoded (symbol) duration of Data-0 can be defined as 2 chips, and Data-1 can be defined as N1(>2) chips.

[0421] (1-2) Eg, data-0 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration can be defined in the form of {high, low} with 2 chips, and data-1 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration can be defined in the form of {high, high, low} with 3 chips (N1=3), and {high, high, high, low} with 4 chips (N1=4).

[0422] (1-3) In order to apply method 1, the data-0 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration may be limited to twice the chip duration, and the data-1 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration may be limited to an integer multiple of the chip duration, or method 1 may be applied only when these conditions are satisfied.

[0423] (2) Method 2) A method of defining a chip based on the Reference (e.g., data-0) codeword / encoded (symbol) duration (e.g., based on Tari in Fig. 14)

[0424] (2-1) It can be a method in which the codeword / encoded (symbol) duration of Data-0 is defined as 1 chip, and Data-1 is defined as N2(>1) chips.

[0425] (2-2) Eg, data-0 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration is defined as {high, low} in the form of 1 chip, and data=1 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration can be in the form of {high, high, low} in the case of 1.5 chip (N2=1.5), and in the form of {high, high, high, low} in the case of 2 chip (N2=2).

[0426] (2-3) In order to apply method 2, the data-1 codeword / encoded (symbol) duration can be limited to X / 2 times the chip duration (where X is an integer greater than or equal to 3), or method 2 can be applied only when this condition is satisfied.

[0427]

[0428] Codeword / encoded (symbol) duration, data rate, FS value, etc. can be controlled in units of chips defined above, and such control information can be transmitted / indicated through preamble / midamble / postamble / sync signals and / or payload.

[0429] The reader (or AmIoT device) can select / decide between the above method 1 and method 2, and transmit / instruct the selection / decision information to the AmIoT device (or reader) via frame sync / preamble / midamble / postamble / sync signals. Or, in Topology 2 for AmIoT communication, the base station can set / instruct the IN (e.g., UE) to one of method 1 and method 2. The IN (e.g., UE) can perform R2D transmission and / or D2R reception operations by applying the set / instructed method.

[0430]

[0431] OFDM waveform-based R2D transmission method

[0432] In OFDM waveform-based R2D / D2R transmission, unintended phase / energy / value transitions / changes may be detected at the R2D receiver due to CP insertion. AmIoT devices may (depending on the device type or capability) be able to handle (Assumption 1) or not (Assumption 2) these unintended phase / energy / value transitions / changes due to CP insertion during OFDM-based R2D reception. For these AmIoT devices, the following CP handling methods at the R2D transmitter are being considered.

[0433] (1) Method Type 1: Removal of CP at device without specified transmit-side operation (based on assumption 1)

[0434] (2) Method Type 2: Ensure the CP insertion of OFDM-based waveform will not introduce false rising / falling edge between the last OOK chip in OFDM symbol (n-1) and the first OOK chip in OFDM symbol n. (based on assumption 2)

[0435] Method Type 2 may be a method that satisfies the following conditions, for example:

[0436] (2-1) To prevent false rising / falling edges from occurring even after CP insertion, the values ​​of the first X chip(s) and the last X chip(s) in the OFDM symbol are the same.

[0437] (2-1-1) X=1 or 2. If the number of chips in an OFDM symbol, M, is less than or equal to M0, then X=1; otherwise, X=2. M0 is a value determined based on (Nu+Ncp) / Ncp, and can be the maximum value that satisfies the condition M0 < (Nu+Ncp) / Ncp. (e.g., M0=8)

[0438] (2-2) After CP insertion, the length of all chips is the same.

[0439]

[0440] The reader (or AmIoT device) can select / decide on one of the above methods (Method Type 1 and Method Type 2), and transmit / instruct the selection / decision information to the AmIoT device (or reader) through frame sync / preamble / midamble / postamble / sync signals / R2D (or D2R) control info / payload transmitted on PRDCH (or PDRCH). Or, in Topology 2 for AmIoT communication, the base station can configure / instruct the IN (e.g., UE) to one of the above methods. The IN (e.g., UE) can perform R2D transmission and / or D2R reception operations by applying the configured / instructed method.

[0441] Whether Method Type 1 or Method Type 2 is supported and / or applied may be determined based on the number of chips M in the supported OFDM symbol. For example, Method Type 2 may be supported / applied / configured only when the M value is greater than a specific value M1 (e.g., M1=4).

[0442] Alternatively, whether Method Type 1 or Method Type 2 is supported and / or applied may be determined by other R2D / D2R transmission parameters. For example, considering that Method Type 1 is relatively easy to apply when line coding (e.g., ME, PIE) is applied, when line coding is set / applied, only Type 1 can be set / applied without any additional settings.

[0443]

[0444] How to support high chip rate (M>M0)

[0445] FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of an initial OFDM symbol structure of an NR slot in which a long CP, a useful OFDM symbol, and a normal CP are composed of 10, 128, and 9 samples, respectively, based on a 1.92 MHz sampling standard in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0446] The following methods are being considered as detailed methods of Method Type 1.

[0447] (1) Alt 1: Device assumes same CP length for each OFDM symbol, ie does not distinguish exact CP length among different OFDM symbols

[0448] (2) Alt 2: duration between transition edges is utilized by device to determine CP location / length, ie if the duration appears to be invalid based on known chip duration

[0449] Figure 15 illustrates the first OFDM symbol and the first part of the second OFDM symbol in an NR slot. Due to the NR slot structure, there are OFDM symbols with relatively long CP lengths, such as the first OFDM symbol in Figure 15, at the beginning of every 0.5 ms period. These relatively long CPs are referred to as long CPs, and the remaining general CPs are referred to as normal CPs. The lengths of the long CP and the normal CP are 160 samples and 144 samples, respectively, based on a 30.72 MHz sampling frequency. If a sampling clock of 1.92 MHz is used to generate OOK symbols for Ambient IoT, these become 10 samples and 9 samples, respectively, as shown in Figure 15. At this time, the number of samples in a useful OFDM symbol is 128.

[0450] In this NR-based AmIoT communication environment for OOK symbol generation and transmission, in the case of Method Type 1 Alt.1, the AmIoT device can assume the same CP length without distinguishing between long CP and normal CP. For example, the AmIoT device can assume the length of normal CP (e.g., 9 samples @ 1.92 MHz sampling) as the fixed CP length. Alternatively, the device can operate by assuming the fixed CP length as the average value of the length of the CP section per OFDM symbol, which is the sum of the CP lengths within 0.5 ms or 1 ms divided by the number of OFDM symbols within that time. That is, when converted to a 1.92 MHz sampling clock, it can operate by assuming a fixed CP length of (10+6*9) / 7 = 9.1428㪋. The slight performance degradation caused by this operation may not be significant considering the SFO quality of 10^-4 to 10^-5 ppm.

[0451]

[0452] FIG. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a structure for performing valid OOK symbol reception by detecting, excluding, or auxiliary utilizing a CP section (10 or 9 samples) within a chip duration of 32 samples based on 1.92 MHz when M=4 in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0453] On the other hand, Method Type 1 Alt.2 is a method in which the AmIoT device uses the existing implementation method of detecting the transition / change of the phase / energy / value of the received signal to determine the CP position / length, etc. on its own and excludes or uses this as an auxiliary method to receive the R2D signal / channel within the valid chip duration.

[0454] Method Type 1 Alt.2 Example #1)

[0455] For example, when there are 4 chips in one NR OFDM symbol as in Fig. 16 (M=4), the AmIoT device determines that the transition / change of the phase / energy / value of the received signal that occurs at an interval of 10 samples (long CP) or 9 samples (normal CP) that is smaller than the set chip duration of 32 samples @ 1.92 MHz is due to the CP position / length and considers it as an invalid section, or, for example, utilizes it when receiving the OOK symbol of Chip 3, which is the last chip in the OFDM symbol, by utilizing the CP relationship.

[0456]

[0457] In the description of Method Type 2 above, the M0 value was defined as the maximum value satisfying the condition of M0 < (Nu+Ncp) / Ncp (i.e., M0=8). Under this definition, if the number of chips M in an OFDM symbol is less than or equal to M0, there may be no problem in handling CP by applying the operation of Alt.2 Example #1 above. However, if M is greater than M0, the chip duration is smaller than the CP period, and phase / energy / value transition / change may occur in units of chip duration within the CP period, so it may be difficult to determine the CP position / length by the operation of Alt.2 Example #1 above.

[0458] To support CP handling based on Alt.2 even when M > M0, the following methods are proposed.

[0459] [Method 1] A method for determining CP position / length based on Sync information.

[0460] Sync information includes both the start or end time of reception of preamble / midamble / postamble and / or sync signals and the control / scheduling information (e.g., TDRA information) transmitted via preamble / midamble / postamble and / or sync signals. Based on this sync information, the AmIoT device can determine the position / start point / end point / interval of an NR OFDM symbol or slot. Also, based on this, the CP position / length can be inferred / determined. For this operation, the AmIoT device can determine the period from time X (e.g., 0 ms) to time Y (e.g., Ncp) after the preamble as the CP (including) period. Time X and period Y can be defined in specific time units (e.g., ms / sample / chip units). In addition, the AmIoT device can then track the location of the CP through its own clock counting (e.g., through a rule in which a CP of 9 samples (10 samples in the case of a long CP) is repeated every 129+9 samples (128+10 samples in the case of a long CP) based on a 1.92 MHz sampling clock, as in the example of Fig. 16).

[0461] To facilitate this operation, sync information can be transmitted consecutively so that there is no time gap between the start of the first CP interval following the preamble. In this case, the AmIoT device can assume that the CP exists for Y intervals from the first sample / chip after the end of the preamble transmission. Alternatively, if there is a time gap between the sync information and the start of the first CP interval following the preamble, additional / periodic sync reference signals (e.g., midamble / postamble / sync signals) may be required depending on the size of the gap.

[0462] Method 1 Example #1)

[0463] When M=16 (chip index m = 0~15), the AmIoT device receives 17 OOK symbols including the CP section (in the case of the first OOK symbol, it is detected as an OOK symbol by the CP section), and then discards the first OOK symbol (which is the CP section) with the help of the sync information, or utilizes this CP section by using the CP relationship when receiving the last (m=15) OOK symbol (for example, by double check, combining, etc.).

[0464] In the above example, in order to perform sync tracking (of OFDM symbols) considering the large SFO (e.g., 10^4 ~ 10^5 ppm) which is a characteristic of AmIoT devices, sync signals (e.g., midamble) and / or signals with a periodic violation pattern can be transmitted periodically (e.g., every 1 ms or 10 ms). Here, the violation pattern includes the meaning of the chip duration for AmIoT communication (based on the M value setting) or the chip duration or ON / OFF length that is not used for the chip / symbol duration of sync signals, and the AmIoT can detect this pattern and determine the start or end point of an NR OFDM symbol or slot based on the start or end point of reception of the violation pattern, and can also infer / determine the CP position / length through this.

[0465]

[0466] [Method 2] A method that supports only a subset of Large M (e.g., M > M0) values.

[0467] For example, based on NR 15 kHz SCS, it is possible to support the M values ​​listed in [Table 6] and their respective bit rates. The second column of [Table 6] indicates the transmission bandwidth in RB units according to the M value, the third column indicates the chip rate, and the fourth and fifth columns indicate the maximum bit rate in kbps when using ME and PIE, respectively.

[0468] MB tx,R2D# of PRBskilocips / skbpsManchester encodedkbpsPIE encoded with example of 0:1 = 2-chip:4-chip encodingNumber of samples per chip @ 1.92MHz111474.671282128149.336441562818.673261, 2, 484422821.3333333382, 41125637.3316122168845610.66666667163, 422411274.6782443361681125.333333333

[0032] [6]448224149.334

[0469]

[0470] FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a clock division structure based on a 4-bit counter based on a sampling clock in a system applicable to the present disclosure and each divided clock waveform.

[0471] In the 6th column of Table 6, the number of samples to express one OOK symbol or chip duration for each M value is indicated based on the sampling clock of 1.92 MHz. The reason why 1.92 MHz is used as an example here is that it has the advantage of allowing simple clock division by 1 / 16 from the NR sampling clock of 30.72 MHz using a 4-bit counter as illustrated in Fig. 17, while supporting the maximum M value under consideration, M=32, and the corresponding 6 PRB bandwidth with minimal power / cost.

[0472] Previously, it was explained that the number of CP samples of an NR OFDM symbol based on a 1.92 MHz sample clock is 10 for long CP and 9 for normal CP.

[0473] In Method 2, a subset of values ​​for which M > M0 may be comprised of M values ​​for which the difference or ratio between the chip duration (or an integer multiple of the chip duration) and the CP length is greater than or equal to a certain threshold. Here, the threshold may be set to a value that allows discrimination (with a certain probability or greater) under the assumption of SFO.

[0474] Method 2 Example #1) Assuming a sampling frequency of 1.92 MHz, the number of CP samples is 9 samples for normal CP and 10 samples for long CP. The 7th and 8th columns of [Table 7] indicate the size of the chip duration compared to normal CP and long CP, respectively. For values ​​of M=12, 16, 24, 32 that satisfy the condition M>M0, if the ratio of the chip duration (or an integer multiple of the chip duration) to the CP length is determined and the threshold is 10%, then all values ​​of M=12, 16, 24, 32 are supported for normal CP, and only M=16, 32 may be supported for long CP. In Table J4, the M values ​​that are problematic due to these conditions are underlined. The subset of M values ​​for supporting Method 2 may be composed of M values ​​that satisfy the above conditions for both normal CP and long CP, or may be composed of M values ​​that satisfy the above conditions only for normal CP, taking into account their relative frequencies. In the former case, the subset of M values ​​may be composed of M=16, 32 or some of the values ​​therein in the above example, and in the latter case, the subset of M values ​​may be composed of M=12, 16, 24, 32 or some of the values ​​therein.

[0475] MB tx,R2D# of PRBskilochips / skbpsManchester encodedkbpsPIE encoded with example of 0:1 = 2-chip:4-chip encodingNumber of samples per chip @ 1.92MHzChip-to-normalCP ratio @ 1.92 MHzChip-to-longCP ratio @ 1.92 MHz111474.67128.0014.2212.802128149.3364.007.116.4041562818.6732.003.563.2061, 2, 484422821.332.372.1382, 41125637.3316.001.781.60122168845610.671.191.07163, 422411274.678.000.890.802443361681125.330.590.53

[0032] [6]448224149.334.000.440.40

[0476]

[0477] Method 2 Example #2) Or, considering an implementation that distinguishes by the number of baseband samples, etc. based on a specific sampling frequency in the device, a subset can be formed with M values ​​whose difference based on the number of samples is greater than a certain threshold value. The 7th and 8th columns of [Table 8] display the number of normal CP and long CP samples minus the number of samples of the chip duration, respectively, based on a sampling frequency of 1.92 MHz. Among the values ​​of M=12, 16, 24, 32 that satisfy the condition M>M0, if the difference in the number of samples between the CP and the chip duration or an integer multiple of the chip duration must be 1 or more, then for normal CP, a subset can be formed with all values ​​of M=12, 16, 24, 32, that is, all M values ​​are supported, and for long CP, a subset can be formed with only M=16, 32. Alternatively, if the difference in the number of samples must be greater than 1.5, a subset can be formed with only M=12, 24 for normal CP, and a subset can be formed with only M=16, 32 for long CP.

[0478]

[0479] MB tx,R2D# of PRBskilocips / skbpsManchester encodedkbpsPIE encoded with example of 0:1 = 2-chip:4-chip encodingNumber of samples per chip @ 1.92MHzNsamples_normalCP - Nsamples_chip @ 1.92 MHzNsamples_longCP - Nsamples_chip @ 1.92 MHz111474.67128.00-119.00-118.002128149.3364.00-55.00-54.0041562818.6732.00-23.00-22.0061, 2, 484422821.33-12.33-11.3382, 41125637.3316.00-7.00-6.00122168845610.67-1.67-0.67163, 422411274.678.001.002.002443361681125.333.674.67

[0032] [6]448224149.334.005.006.00

[0480]

[0481] The subset of M values ​​for supporting the above method 2 may be composed of M values ​​that satisfy the above conditions for both normal CP and long CP, or may be composed of M values ​​that satisfy the above conditions only for normal CP, taking relative frequencies into account. In the above example #1, the subset of M values ​​may be composed of M=16, 32, or some of them in the former case, and may be composed of M=12, 16, 24, 32, or some of them in the latter case.

[0482]

[0483] [Method 3] Determining CP location / length based on violation pattern information

[0484] In order to determine the CP location / length of the AmIoT device, the last X OOK values ​​are configured as a violation pattern, and the AmIoT device determines the CP location / length by detecting the violation pattern and invalidates / discards the CP section or OOK symbol values ​​including the CP, or utilizes this CP section (e.g., by double check, combining, etc.) when receiving the last OOK symbol(s) by using the CP relationship. The AmIoT device can detect a violation when the difference between the chip duration determined by the set / instructed M value and the actually measured chip duration exceeds a specific value, or when the transition / change of phase / energy / value does not occur at the expected time and / or interval.

[0485]

[0486] FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of a timing relationship between NR OFDM symbols and OOK symbols, ME-based ON / OFF patterns, transition occurrence locations, and CP copy intervals when M=16 and ME are applied in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0487] Method 3 Example #1) A method of applying an M value that is smaller or larger than the M value set / instructed for R2D reception for the last X OOK symbols that include the part copied to CP.

[0488] Figure 18 shows the relationship between NR OFDM symbol duration and OOK symbol duration or chip duration when ME is applied when M=16. In addition, when ME is applied according to the input bit sequence, the ON / OFF pattern is indicated, and the location where a transition is expected to occur due to ME application is indicated with an arrow at the bottom of Figure 18. In addition, the CP part and the part copied to the CP are indicated in red. In the case of M=16, the length of the normal CP and the length of the chip duration are 9 samples (10 samples in the case of long CP) and 8 samples, respectively, based on the 1.92 MHz sampling clock.

[0489]

[0490] FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process for inferring a CP location based on an anomaly in a transition interval when M=32, which is greater than M=16, is applied to a section copied to a CP in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0491] To explain Method 3 Example #1, the case where M=32, which is larger than the M=16 value set / instructed for R2D reception during the last 2 OOK symbols including the part copied to CP in FIG. 19 or during the 2 chip duration, is applied is illustrated. When Method 3 Example #1 is applied, AmIoT can detect a violation where the expected position of the rising / falling edge based on M=16 and the interval between the phase / energy / value transition / change are unusually small, and then infer the next CP position by combining these two pieces of information. Although the application of ME is assumed in FIG. 19, Method 3 including Method 3 Example #1 can be applied regardless of whether line coding is applied or the applied line coding technique.

[0492]

[0493] FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a process for inferring a CP location or length based on an anomaly due to the absence of a transition when a pattern with a mid-symbol transition removed is transmitted without applying ME to a section copied to a CP in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0494] Method 3 Example #2) Constructing an invalid codeword within or including the last X OOK symbols that contain the part copied to CP. (e.g., no mid-symbol transition when Manchester encoding is used.)

[0495] To illustrate Method 3 Example #2, a case is illustrated in which a pattern is transmitted in which the ME set / instructed for R2D reception is not applied during the last 2 OOK symbols including the part copied to CP in FIG. 20 or during the 2 chip duration, and the mid-symbol transition (i.e., 0→1 or 1→0 transition), which is an inherent characteristic of ME, is intentionally removed. When Method 3 Example #2 is applied, AmIoT can detect the expected position of the rising / falling edge by ME based on M=16 and the violation that the phase / energy / value transition / change does not occur at the expected position, and then combine these two pieces of information to infer the next CP position / length. Although ME application is assumed in FIG. 20, Method 3, including Method 3 Example #1, can also be applied to other line coding techniques (e.g., PIE) that frequently occur in transitions.

[0496]

[0497] [Description of the first device (base station / IN / AN / UE) claim]

[0498] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 21 in terms of the operation of the first device. The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for or combined with some components of another method, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0499] FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a first device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0500] In the embodiment of FIG. 21, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0501] At step S2110, the first device transmits setting information including a value M that is greater than a reference value M0 to the second device.

[0502] The above M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that the difference or ratio between the chip duration and the length of the CP is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

[0503] At step S2120, the first device periodically transmits information related to a violation pattern to the second device based on a specific range of sampling frequency offsets (SFO) of the second device.

[0504] At step S2130, the first device transmits to the second device a plurality of OOK (On-Off Keying) symbols based on the M value.

[0505] The above plurality of OOK symbols include a CP section of the CP, and the position and length of the CP are based on the violation pattern.

[0506] A step of transmitting control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP section to the second device,

[0507] In step S2140, the first device transmits control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP section to the second device.

[0508]

[0509] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, information related to the violation pattern may be transmitted based on one of a preamble, a midamble, a postamble, or a sync signal.

[0510] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be based on a second M value set to be greater than or less than the M value within the last X OOK symbols that include a portion copied to the CP.

[0511] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be configured to include an invalid codeword within the last X OOK symbols that include a portion copied to the CP.

[0512] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be transmitted at a 1 ms or 10 ms cycle.

[0513] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the control information may be transmitted via a Physical Reader to Device CHannel (PRDCH).

[0514] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, based on the control information, the first OOK symbol detected in the CP interval may be discarded, or the CP interval may be used for double checking or combining the last OOK symbol.

[0515]

[0516] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device is provided in a wireless communication system. The first device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the first device according to FIG. 21.

[0517]

[0518] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a first device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the first device according to FIG. 21 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0519]

[0520] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more commands are provided. The one or more commands, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a first device according to FIG. 21.

[0521]

[0522] [Description of the second device (Ambient IoT device) claim]

[0523] The embodiments described below are specifically described with reference to FIG. 22 in terms of the operation of a second device (Reader / interrogator or base station (BS)). The methods described below are distinguished for convenience of explanation, and it is understood that some components of one method may be substituted for some components of another method, or may be applied in combination with each other, as long as they are not mutually exclusive.

[0524] FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of an operation process of a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0525] In the embodiment of FIG. 22, the first device may correspond to a base station / IN / AN / UE, and the second device may correspond to an Ambient IoT device.

[0526] At step S2210, the second device receives setting information from the first device that includes a value M that is greater than the reference value M0.

[0527] The above M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that the difference or ratio between the chip duration and the length of the CP is greater than a predetermined threshold value.

[0528] At step S2220, the second device periodically receives information related to a violation pattern from the first device based on a specific range of sampling frequency offset (SFO) of the second device.

[0529] At step S2230, the second device receives a plurality of OOK (On-Off Keying) symbols based on the M value from the first device.

[0530] The above plurality of OOK symbols include a CP section of the CP, and the position and length of the CP are based on the violation pattern.

[0531] In step S2240, the second device receives control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP section from the first device.

[0532]

[0533] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, information related to the violation pattern may be received based on one of a preamble, a midamble, a postamble, or a sync signal.

[0534] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be based on a second M value set to be greater than or less than the M value within the last X OOK symbols that include a portion copied to the CP.

[0535] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be configured to include an invalid codeword within the last X OOK symbols that include a portion copied to the CP.

[0536] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the violation pattern may be received at a 1 ms or 10 ms cycle.

[0537] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, the control information may be received via a Physical Reader to Device CHannel (PRDCH).

[0538] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, based on the control information, the first OOK symbol detected in the CP interval may be discarded, or the CP interval may be used for double checking or combining the last OOK symbol.

[0539]

[0540] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device is provided in a wireless communication system. The second device includes a transceiver and at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor may be configured to perform the operating method of the second device according to FIG. 22.

[0541]

[0542] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, an apparatus for controlling a second device in a wireless communication system is provided. The apparatus includes at least one processor and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor. The at least one memory may be configured to store instructions for performing an operating method of the second device according to FIG. 22 based on instructions executed by the at least one processor.

[0543]

[0544] According to various embodiments of the present disclosure, one or more non-transitory computer-readable media (CRM) storing one or more instructions are provided. The one or more instructions, when executed by one or more processors, perform operations, and the operations may include a method of operating a second device according to FIG. 22.

[0545]

[0546] Wireless devices applicable to the present disclosure

[0547] Below, examples of wireless devices to which various embodiments of the present disclosure are applied are described.

[0548] FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of the structure of a first device and a second device in a system applicable to the present disclosure.

[0549] The first device (1600) may include a processor (1610), an antenna unit (1620), a transceiver (1630), and a memory (1640).

[0550] The processor (1610) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1611) and a physical layer processing unit (1615). The higher layer processing unit (1611) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1615) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the first device (1600) is a base station device in base station-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform uplink reception signal processing, downlink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the first device (1600) is a first terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1615) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink transmission signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1610) may also control the overall operation of the first device (1600).

[0551] The antenna unit (1620) may include one or more physical antennas, and when it includes multiple antennas, it may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1630) may include an RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1640) may store information processed by the processor (1610), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the first device (1600), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0552] The processor (1610) of the first device (1600) may be configured to implement the operation of the base station in the base station-to-terminal communication (or the operation of the first terminal device in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0553]

[0554] The second device (1650) may include a processor (1660), an antenna unit (1670), a transceiver (1680), and a memory (1690).

[0555] The processor (1660) performs baseband-related signal processing and may include a higher layer processing unit (1661) and a physical layer processing unit (1665). The higher layer processing unit (1661) may process operations of a MAC layer, an RRC layer, or higher layers. The physical layer processing unit (1665) may process operations of a PHY layer. For example, when the second device (1650) is a terminal device in base station-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, etc. For example, when the second device (1650) is a second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication, the physical layer processing unit (1665) may perform downlink reception signal processing, uplink transmission signal processing, sidelink reception signal processing, etc. In addition to performing baseband-related signal processing, the processor (1660) may also control the overall operation of the second device (1660).

[0556] The antenna unit (1670) may include one or more physical antennas, and when including multiple antennas, may support MIMO transmission and reception. The transceiver (1680) may include an RF transmitter and an RF receiver. The memory (1690) may store information processed by the processor (1660), and software, an operating system, applications, etc. related to the operation of the second device (1650), and may also include components such as a buffer.

[0557] The processor (1660) of the second device (1650) may be configured to implement operations of the terminal in base station-to-terminal communication (or operations of the second terminal device in terminal-to-terminal communication) in the embodiments described in the present disclosure.

[0558] In the operation of the first device (1600) and the second device (1650), the same explanations given for the base station and the terminal (or the first terminal and the second terminal in the terminal-to-terminal communication) in the examples of the present disclosure may be applied, and any duplicate explanations are omitted.

[0559]

[0560] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the device (1600, 1650) of the present disclosure may include LTE, NR, and 6G as well as various other wireless communication technologies.

[0561]

[0562] The claims described in the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims of the various embodiments of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method performed by a first device, A step of transmitting setting information including a value M greater than a reference value M0 to a second device, The above M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that the difference or ratio between the chip duration and the length of the CP is greater than a predetermined threshold value; A step of periodically transmitting information related to a violation pattern to the second device based on a specific range of sampling frequency offset (SFO) of the second device; A step of transmitting a plurality of OOK (On-Off Keying) symbols based on the M value to the second device, The above plurality of OOK symbols include a CP section of the CP, and the position and length of the CP are based on the violation pattern; A step of transmitting control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP section to the second device, method.

2. In paragraph 1, Information related to the above violation pattern is transmitted based on one of the preamble, midamble, postamble, or sync signal. method.

3. In paragraph 1, The above violation pattern is based on a second M value set greater than or less than the M value within the last X OOK symbols that include the portion copied to the CP. method.

4. In paragraph 1, The above violation pattern is configured to include an invalid codeword within the last X OOK symbols that include the portion copied to the CP. method.

5. In paragraph 1, The above violation pattern is transmitted in 1ms or 10ms cycles, method.

6. In paragraph 1, The above control information is transmitted through PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device CHannel). method.

7. In paragraph 1, Based on the above control information, the first OOK symbol detected in the CP section is discarded, or the CP section is used for double checking or combining the last OOK symbol. method.

8. In a method performed by a second device, A step of receiving setting information including a value M greater than a reference value M0 from a first device, The above M value is a specific value included in a plurality of M values, and the M value is set such that the difference or ratio between the chip duration and the length of the CP is greater than a predetermined threshold value; A step of periodically receiving information related to a violation pattern from the first device based on a specific range of sampling frequency offset (SFO) of the second device; A step of receiving a plurality of OOK (On-Off Keying) symbols based on the M value from the first device, The above plurality of OOK symbols include a CP section of the CP, and the position and length of the CP are based on the violation pattern; A step of receiving control information related to discarding or combining the OOK symbols including the CP section from the first device, method.

9. In paragraph 8, Information related to the above violation pattern is received based on one of the preamble, midamble, postamble, or sync signal. method.

10. In paragraph 8, The above violation pattern is based on a second M value set greater than or less than the M value within the last X OOK symbols that include the portion copied to the CP. method.

11. In paragraph 8, The above violation pattern is configured to include an invalid codeword within the last X OOK symbols that include the portion copied to the CP. method.

12. In paragraph 8, The above violation pattern is received at 1ms or 10ms cycles, method.

13. In paragraph 8, The above control information is received through PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device CHannel). method.

14. In paragraph 8, Based on the above control information, the first OOK symbol detected in the CP section is discarded, or the CP section is used for double checking or combining the last OOK symbol. method.

15. In the first device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, First device.

16. In the second device, Transmitter and receiver; at least one processor; and At least one memory operably connectable to said at least one processor and storing instructions that, when executed by said at least one processor, perform operations; The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Second device.

17. In a control device that controls the first device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, controller.

18. In a control device that controls a second device, at least one processor; and comprising at least one memory operably connected to at least one of the processors; The at least one memory stores instructions for performing operations based on being executed by the at least one processor, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, controller.

19. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, Computer readable medium.

20. In one or more non-transitory computer-readable media storing one or more instructions, The one or more instructions perform operations based on being executed by one or more processors, The above actions are, Comprising all steps of the method according to any one of claims 8 to 14, Computer readable medium.

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