Measurement reporting in wireless communication network

Abstract

There is disclosed method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting second feedback signalling representing and / or comprising second precoding matrix information, PMI, the second PMI being based on first PMI according to a configuration. The disclosure also pertains to related devices and methods.

Description

[0001]Measurement reporting in wireless communication network Technical field This disclosure pertains to wireless communication technology, in particular in the context of managing wireless communication utilising artificial intelligence-related techniques. Background For future wireless communication systems, increased use of artificial intelligence is envisaged, e.g., for physical layer operation, or higher layer operation. Approaches to manage AI and / or AI controlled network operation and / or large amounts of data are desirable. Summary It is an object of this disclosure to provide improved approaches of compression of data like measurement information, in particular using AI, in the context of wireless communication. The approaches are particularly suitable for millimeter wave communication, in particular for radio carrier frequencies around and / or above 52.6 GHz, which may be considered high radio frequencies (high frequency) and / or millimeter waves. The carrier frequency / ies may be between 52.6 and 140 GHz, e.g. with a lower border between 52.6, 55, 60, 71 GHz and / or a higher border between 71, 72, 90, 114, 140 GHz or higher, in particular between 55 and 90 GHz, or between 60 and 72 GHz; however, higher frequencies may be considered, in particular frequency of 71GHz or 72GHz or above, and / or 100 GHz or above, and / or 140 GHz or above. The carrier frequency may in particular refer to a center frequency or maximum frequency of the carrier. The radio nodes and / or network described herein may operate in wideband, e.g. with a carrier bandwidth of 1 GHz or more, or 2 GHz or more, or even larger, e.g. up to 8 GHz; the scheduled or allocated bandwidth may be the carrier bandwidth, orP111913WO01  1 / 86  be smaller, e.g. depending on channel and / or procedure. In some cases, operation may be based on an OFDM waveform or a SC-FDM waveform (e.g., downlink and / or uplink), in particular a FDF-SC-FDM-based waveform. However, operation based on a single carrier waveform, e.g. SC-FDE (which may be pulse-shaped or Frequency Domain Filtered, e.g. based on modulation scheme and / or MCS), may be considered for downlink and / or uplink. In general, different waveforms may be used for different communication directions. Communicating using or utilising a carrier and / or beam may correspond to operating using or utilising the carrier and / or beam, and / or may comprise transmitting on the carrier and / or beam and / or receiving on the carrier and / or beam. Operation may be based on and / or associated to a numerology, which may indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or duration of an allocation unit and / or an equivalent thereof, e.g., in comparison to an OFDM based system. A subcarrier spacing or equivalent frequency interval may for example correspond to 960kHZ, or 1920 kHz, e.g. representing the bandwidth of a subcarrier or equivalent. The approaches are particularly advantageously implemented in a future 6thGeneration (6G) telecommunication network or 6G radio access technology or network (RAT / RAN), in particular according to 3GPP (3rdGeneration Partnership Project, a standardisation organization). A suitable RAN may in particular be a RAN according to NR, for example release 18 or later, or LTE Evolution. However, the approaches may also be used with other RAT, for example future 5.5G systems or IEEE based systems. There is disclosed a method of operating a radio node, like a transmitter or a wireless device, in a wireless communication network. The method may comprise transmitting second feedback signalling representing and / or comprising second precoding matrix information, PMI, the second PMI being based on first PMI according to a configuration, wherein the configuration indicates the association between the second PMI and the first PMI. A radio node, like a transmitter or wireless device, for a wireless communication network is described. The radio node may be adapted for transmitting second feedback signalling representing and / or comprising second precoding matrix information, PMI, the second PMI being based on first PMI according to aP111913WO01  2 / 86  configuration, wherein the configuration indicates the association between the second PMI and the first PMI. Moreover, there is considered a method of operating a network node, like a signalling radio node or a receiver, in a wireless communication network, the method comprising configuring a radio node like a wireless device with a configuration indicating an association between first precoding matrix information, PMI, and second PMI. A network node, like a signalling radio node or receiver, for a wireless communication network is further proposed. The network node is adapted for configuring a radio node like a transmitter or wireless device, with a configuration indicating an association between first precoding matrix information, PMI, and second PMI. The configuration may be configured with configuration signalling, e.g., first signalling and / or higher layer signalling like RRC layer signalling or MAC layer signalling. In some cases, the configuration may be configured and / or configurable and / or pre- defined, e.g., according to a standard. The association may generally indicate and / or represent information according to which the second PMI may be determined and / or derived and / or encoded and / or decoded based on the first PMI. The second PMI may be considered partial PMI, which may be reconstructable as full PMI based on the first PMI and the association. The first PMI may be considered historical or base PMI for the second PMI and / or the second feedback signalling. The first PMI and / or first feedback signalling comprising and / or representing the first PMI may be transmitted, e.g., by the wireless device and / or radio node transmitting the second feedback signalling; e.g., it may be transmitted before transmission of the second feedback signalling. Multiple second feedback signallings associated to and / or based on the first PMI may be performed, e.g., based on the configuration. The first PMI may be reset, with further second feedback signalling being based on the new first PMI. The association may be indicated to a compression model, and / or may indicate deviation and / or difference and / or ratio values, e.g., relative to the first PMI, and / or may allow compressed representation relative to the first PMI. The configuration may configure one or more associations, which may be out of a set and / or plurality of multiple possibleP111913WO01  3 / 86  associations. Associations may differ regarding at least one or more of mathematical function / s and / or relation / s, and / or mapping / s and / or parameter / s and / or value / s used for associating first and second PMI. First and second PMI may in general represent information representing precoding matrix information, e.g., based on measurements performed on reference signalling like CSI-RS and / or other reference signalling, e.g., in a MIMO and / or MU-MIMO operation or scenario. An association may be indicated for the PMIs before compression and / or quantisation (such that the input for compression may be based on the association , e.g, for second PMI), or after compression and / or quantisation (such that it may refer to the compression output). An association may be indicated for the PMIs before decompression and / or dequantisation (such that the input for decompression may be based on the association, e.g, for second PMI), or after decompression and / or dequantisation (such that it may refer to the decompression output). It should be noted that compression and decompression may be considered to essentially be mirror-operations; associations for different nodes may represent such mirroring, and / or may be basis to allow such mirroring. In general, the second PMI may be based on, and / or computed based on, and / or computable and / or compressed and / or compressable and / or decompressable based on the first PMI. The first PMI may be considered anchor and / or reference and / or basis for constructing and / or computing and / or determining and / or de / compressing the second PMI. The configuration may be a measurement configuration, e.g., pertaining to measurement and / or reporting on CSI-RS measurements. This allows a common configuration, for ease of management and / or lower signalling overhead. It may be considered that the configuration may indicate first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI to be transmitted, and / or it may configure the second feedback signalling; configuring may indicate resource / s for transmission, and / or resources for measurement and / or associated reference signalling to be measured on. The resources may in particular pertain to time domain and / or frequency domain and / or layer domain and / or code domain and / or sequence domain. Thus, configuration may prepare signalling in time. In some cases, signalling according to a configuration may be activate and / or triggered with separate signalling, e.g., control signalling like DCI signalling, or MAC layer signalling. First feedback signalling mayP111913WO01  4 / 86  for example be triggered with second signalling, and / or second feedback signalling may be triggered with third signalling. Such triggering may trigger a (semi-static) configuration, e.g., with multiple transmissions unless deactivation by another separate control signalling. In some cases, aperiodic transmission may be triggered, which may trigger a specified number of transmissions, e.g. N1 for first feedback signalling (N1 may be an integer of 1 or larger), and / or N2 for second feedback signalling (N2 may be an integer of 1 or larger, in some cases, N2 may be larger than N1, and / or an integer multiple of N1, in particular if N1=1). Thus, flexible configuration and / or feedback signalling may be provided. The configuration may indicate a number N (e.g., N=N2) of transmissions of second feedback signalling for each transmission of first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI (e.g., N1=1). This may allow adaption to reliability of using the first PMI for determining the second PMIs, and / or optimise usage by reusing the same basis (first PMI) for multiple operations.. The second PMI and / or second feedback signalling may be considered partial PMI, which based on the first PMI and / or the association may be determinable and / or decodable. In general, the first PMI may be determined and / or be based on measurement / s taken, and / or the first feedback signalling may be transmitted, before the second PMI / s are determined and / or associated measurement / s are performed, and / or second feedback signalling is transmitted. e.g., in a slot or symbol or time interval earlier in time domain. Transmission of the second feedback signalling may be triggered by control signalling, which may be separate from configuration signalling configuring the configuration. The control signalling may be second signalling and / or DCI signalling and / or MAC layer signalling, e.g., utilising MAC CE. This facilitates efficient control signalling and / or quick operation with low latency. It may be considered that the second feedback signalling and / or first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI is based on measurement information compression, which may pertain to the first PMI and / or second PMI. Thus,P111913WO01  5 / 86  signalling overhead may be lowered. Thus, PMI may be compressed; the compression may be different for first PMI and for second PMI. Measurement information compression may be based on an Autoencoder, AE, encoder and an AE decoder, which may be implemented on different radio nodes. The measurement information compression may pertain to compression of first PMI and / or second PMI. An AE approach may allow efficient compression; on the other hand, using AI may lead to big data effects, such that additional measures may be useful, e.g., partial PMI as described herein. The first PMI may be considered historical information for compression (and / or decompression) of the second PMI according to the association. In some variants, the first PMI may be reset to new first PMI based on control signalling and / or the configuration. This allows refreshing the basis for partial PMI, e.g., to allow adaption to time domain developments of the channel. A radio node may be adapted for operation based on measurement information compression. The radio node may be the wireless device, or the network node. Operation based on measurement information compression for a radio node may in particular comprise and / or be based on decompressing compressed measurement report / ing, e.g., for a network node. Operation based on measurement information compression for a radio node may comprise and / or be based on compressing measurement information and / or a measurement result or report, e.g., for a WD or UE or terminal. Compression and / or decompression may be performed by a compression model and / or decompression model, e.g., based on AI and / or an AE, and / or may pertain to PMI, e.g., PMI for the second feedback signalling. In general, the configuration (e.g., measurement configuration and / or measurement report / ing configuration) may indicate timing for measurement operation, e.g., timing for measuring (and / or for signalling to be measured on, e.g., by scheduling or indicating CSI-RS) and / or timing for reporting. Timing may pertain to occasions for measuring and / or reporting, e.g., indicated based number of occasions and / or locationP111913WO01  6 / 86  of occasions (e.g., in frequency and / or time / frequency) and / or periodicity and / or window and / or number of reports. The configuration may indicate parameter / s and / or characteristics of the measuring, and / or may indicate whether to reset historical information, and / or which parameter / s and / or values to report with feedback signalling. Measurement operation may be performed based on, and / or in accordance with, a measurement indication (e.g., request) and / or measurement configuration (which may be referred to and / or indexed and / or pointed to by the indication). The measurement indication may be transmitted by, and / or received from, a or the network nod, e.g., as DCI or on a control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH, and / or as MAC layer signalling and / or on a data channel like PDSCH or PSSCH. It may be considered that in general the measurement indication may be in separate signalling from, and / or on a different (e.g., lower) signalling layer than, and / or in a different message and / or data block than, configuration signalling and / or the (measurement) configuration. This may allow triggering and / or ending of measurement and / or reporting according to the configuration with low signalling overhead. The indication may generally indicate start or stop of measurement and / or reporting, and / or reset of historical information, and / or may point to a specific configuration from a set of configurations (with one or more configuration that may configure different measurement operation options) provided by the measurement configuration. The measurement configuration may indicate historical information to be considered for measurement and / or reporting. The compression and / or decompression and / or operation based on measurement information compression may be based on the historical information, or a part thereof. Thus, time domain compression may be optimised, and / or the time behaviour of compression may be monitored. Historical information may pertain to, and / or represent, and / or be based on, earlier measurement results and / or measurement report, and / or earlier internal parameters of the model monitored. Historical information may be and / or represent and / or be based on historical CSI information and / or results and / or report / s. Earlier may refer to earlier in time domain, e.g., at one or more previous occasions for measurements and / or monitoring, e.g., one or mor earlier slots than a slot in which monitoring is performed. Historical information (also referred to as historical data) may be stored inP111913WO01  7 / 86  a memory and / or internally in a model. A model may refer to a compression model and / or decompression model, and / or AE model, and / or an AI model or ML model. Measurement information compression and / or decompression may be based on historical information and / or may comprise time domain compression. This may facilitate efficient compression, with low signalling overhead. The measurement information compression may pertain to CSI information, e.g., a CSI result and / or CSI report, in particular pertaining to PMI. Such reports may be provided with high frequency, and / or may require considerable resources, such that compression may be particularly suitable. However, other reports may be considered, e.g., higher layer reports, e.g., pertaining to positioning or other reports, e.g., for sensing / radar (in this case, the measurements may be performed on sensing signalling and / or radar signalling). Measurement information compression may be based on a Machine Learning, ML, model and / or Artificial Intelligence (AI), which may be based on historical information. In general, measurement information compression may be based on an Autoencoder, AE, encoder and an AE decoder, which may be implemented on different radio nodes. For example, a transmitter or wireless device or UE may provide compressed measurement reporting to a signalling radio node or network node, which may decompress such. Efficient use of radio resources may be achieved. Operation based on measurement information compression may pertain to compression of measurement information (also referred to compressed measurement report / ing), or decompression of compressed information (e.g., compressed measurement report / ing), and / or may be referring to operation as part of an autoencoder, and / or providing one side of an autoencoding system, e.g., the compression model or decompression model. Analogously, operation based on measurement information compression may comprise, and / or be based on transmitting compressed measurement information, or on receiving compressed measurement information.P111913WO01  8 / 86  Operation based on measurement information compression may be based on and / or comprise performing measurements on reference signalling. The reference signalling may be CSI-RS, or DM-RS, or PT-RS. The measurement may be CSI measurement or DM-RS measurement or PT-RS measurement. Performing measurement may be basis for a measurement result and / or measurement report, which may be provided as input for compression (and / or preprocessing for compression), e.g., for a compression model and / or AE encoder. A measurement report subject to compression may provide an output, which may be referred to as compressed measurement report. Such a compressed report may be transmitted to a receiver, e.g., as measurement report or CSI report or feedback signalling. Compression in general may comprise preprocessing and / or quantisation, e.g., to provide an output. Measurement information in general may represent and / or comprise and / or correspond to measurement report / ing and / or result / s of performed measurements. A measurement configuration may in general indicate parameter / s and / or resources and / or occasions for performing measurement, and / or reporting thereon, and / or for transmitting feedback signalling. Feedback signalling may comprise and / or represent reporting on measurement and / or measurement result. In some cases, feedback signalling may represent and / or comprise information for measurement, e.g., such that the receiver of the feedback signalling may determine and / or decode and / or reconstruct one or more second PMI, e.g., based on received first PMI and / or according to the association. A ML model may be used for compression and / or decompression, e.g., of measurement information. Different models may be available for the same functionality, e.g., to be switched between, and / or to be run in parallel (e.g., for monitoring, such that a suitable model may be used for operation). A ML model may be pre-trained, and / or may be trainable. A radio node, and / or transmitter and / or receiver may be adapted for operating in one or more modes, e.g., transmitter and / or receiver modes; the modes may be operated in parallel (e.g., for monitoring), or individually; this may depend on hardware and / or software capability of the receiver. A configuration may in general be configured or configurable to a radio node (e.g., transmitter radio node) by a signalling radio node, which may be a receiver radio node,P111913WO01  9 / 86  e.g., using configuration signalling, which may be higher layer signalling, e.g., RRC layer signalling and / or MAC layer signalling. An indication may be transmitted on and / or carried by and / or represented by lower layer signalling, and / or physical layer signalling, e.g., DCI signalling, or MAC layer signalling may be utilised to indicate and / or trigger use or activation of a configuration, and / or its deactivation, and / or reset of historical information. Configuration signalling and / or such lower layer signalling or physical layer signalling may be transmitted by the network, e.g., one or more network nodes and / or receivers. A transmitter radio node may be also referred to as a transmitting radio node or as transmitter. It may for example be implemented as a wireless device or UE or terminal, or in some cases a network node or BS or gNB or similar. A receiver radio node may also be referred to as receiving radio node or receiver or signalling radio node. It may for example be implemented as a network node or BS or gNB, or in some cases a wireless device (WD) or UE or terminal. A radio node or transmitting radio node may comprise, and / or be adapted to utilise, processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in particular a transmitter and / or transceiver, to process (e.g., trigger and / or schedule) and / or transmit control signalling and / or reference signalling and / or feedback signalling. A signalling radio node or receiving radio node may comprise, and / or be adapted to utilise, processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in particular a receiver and / or transmitter and / or transceiver, to receive and / or process (e.g. receive and / or demodulate and / or decode and / or perform blind detection and / or schedule or trigger such) reference signalling and / or control signalling and / or feedback signalling. Receiving may comprise demodulating and / or decoding signalling, e.g. based on associated reference signalling, in particular DMRS and / or tracking reference signalling, based on which timing and / or channel estimation may be performed, and / or based on historical information, e.g., first PMI. A signalling radio node or receiving radio node may comprise, and / or be adapted to utilise, processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, in particular a transmitter and / or transceiver, to process (e.g., trigger and / or schedule) and / or transmit control signalling and / or reference signalling and / or configuration signalling, which may in general configure a configuration, and / or an indication, e.g., as control signalling.P111913WO01  10 / 86  Feedback signalling may be associated to one or more transmission beams and / or beam pairs, and / or may comprise (as signalling type) reference signalling and / or data signalling, and / or in some cases control signalling. A beam or beam pair and / or resources for feedback signalling, and / or type of monitoring signalling may be indicated with the configuration. The configuration may indicate one or more beams and / or beam pairs to measure on, e.g., associated to (different) precoders. PMI may pertain to, and / or be based on, and / or represent, such configuration. Measurements may be performed on reference signalling like CSI-RS and / or PT-RS which may be transmitted to the radio node, e.g., by the signalling radio node. Measurements may pertain to, and / or be performed on, one or more beams or beam pairs, and / or one or more types or sequences of RS. Thus, significant measurement information may be provided to be reported on. There is also described a program product comprising instructions causing processing circuitry to control and / or perform a method as described herein. Moreover, a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product as described herein is considered. An information system comprising, and / or connected or connectable, to a radio node is also disclosed. Brief description of the drawings The drawings are provided to illustrate concepts and approaches described herein, they are not intended to limit their scope. The drawings comprise: Figure 1, showing an example of MIMO operation; Figure 2, showing an exemplary CSI Type II feedback scenario; Figure 3, showing an exemplary approach for CSI compression; Figure 4, showing an exemplary approach for CSI reporting;P111913WO01  11 / 86  Figure 5, showing an exemplary quantisation scenario; Figure 6, showing an exemplary approach of pre-processing; Figure 7, showing an exemplary approach of CSI compression; Figure 8, showing an exemplary approach of CSI reporting; Figure 9, showing examples of partial PMI reporting; Figure 10, showing an exemplary CSI reporting scenario; Figure 11, showing another exemplary CSI reporting scenario; Figure 12, showing another exemplary CSI reporting scenario; Figure 13, showing another exemplary CSI reporting scenario; Figure 14, showing another exemplary CSI reporting scenario; Figure 15, showing an exemplary radio node like a terminal or UE, e.g., operating based on a model; and Figure 16, showing another exemplary radio node like a network node, e.g., operating the model and / or monitoring operation according to the model. Detailed description The 5thgeneration mobile wireless communication system (a.k.a. NR) uses OFDM with configurable bandwidths and subcarrier spacing to efficiently support a diverse set of use cases and deployment scenarios. With respect to LTE, NR improves in deployment flexibility, user throughputs, latency and reliability. With NR comes also enhanced support for spatial multiplexing in which time-frequency resources are spatially shared across users, commonly referred to as Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO).P111913WO01  12 / 86  MU-MIMO operations is illustrated in Figure 1 where a multi-antenna base station with ^^்^antenna ports is spatially transmitting information to several UEs, in which sequence is aimed for UE(1), is aimed for UE(2), etc. Before modulation and transmission, precoding is applied to each sequence to spatially separate the transmissions, i.e., to mitigate multiplexing interference. At receiver sides, each UE demodulates its received signal and combines receiveantenna signals to obtain an estimate ^^^^^^of transmitted sequence. This estimate ^^^^^^can be expressed as where the second term represents the spatial multiplexing interference seen by UE^^^^. The goal for the base station is to construct the set of precoders such that thenorm is large whereas the norm ^^ is small. In otherwords, the precoder should correlate well with the channel observed by UE^^^^ whereas it should correlate poorly with other channels. To construct precoders for efficient MU-MIMO transmissions, the base station should acquire detailed knowledge of the channels ^^^^^^. In deployments where channel reciprocity holds, channel knowledge can be acquired from sounding reference signals (SRS) that are transmitted periodically, or on demand, by active UEs. Based on these SRS, the base station may estimate ^^^^^. However, when channel reciprocity does not hold, or when SRS coverage is limited, active UEs may feedback channel details to the base station. In NR (as well as in LTE), this is done by the base station periodically transmitting Channel State Information reference signals (CSI-RS) from which a UE can estimate its channel. The UE then reports CSI from which the base station can determine suitable precoders for MU-MIMO.P111913WO01  13 / 86  The CSI feedback mechanism targeting MU-MIMO operations in NR is referred to as CSI type II, in which a UE may report CSI feedback with high CSI resolution. It is based on specifying sets of DFT base functions (grid of beams) from which the UE selects those that best match its channel conditions (like classical codebook PMI). The number of beams the UE reports is configurable via RRC signalling. In Rel-16 Type II, the CSI report can be further compressed in the frequency domain (FD), where a set of FD DFT basis vectors are selected by the UE. The number of selected FD basis vectors is a function of the number of CQI subbands, the number of PMI subbands per CQI subband and a ratio that determines the FD compression (termed as ^^௩, where ^^ is the layer index), which is configured by gNB via RRC signalling. In addition, the UE also reports non-zero coefficients (NZCs) associated with the selected beams for Rel-15 Type II, which informs the gNB how these beams should be combined in terms of relative amplitude scaling and co-phasing for each subband. In Rel-16, the reported NZCs are then associated with selected beams and FD basis vectors. In Rel-16, to further compress the CSI report, gNB also configures a ratio, termed as ^^, to the UE via RRC signalling, that determines the maximum number of NZCs to be reported. For example, for a single layer transmission where 2^^ beams and ^^ FD basis vectors are configured by gNB, there are in total 2^^^^ linear combination coefficients. Then,only ⌈2^^^^^^⌉ NZCs will be reported at most, the remaining 2^^^^ െ ⌈2^^^^^^⌉ are treatedas zeros and are not reported. The selected beams are commonly used for all subbands and all transmission layers, whereas the NZCs (for both Rel-15 and Rel-16 Type II) and FD basis vectors (for Rel-16 Type II) are layer-specific. To further explain the structure of the Type II CSI, and example of the Rel-15 CSI type II is illustrated in Figure 2, from which it can be observed that the selection of DFT beam vectors ^^^, and their relative amplitudes ^^^, are determined from a wideband perspective whereas the co-phasing is per subband. Here, wideband means that the selected DFT beam vectors are the same for all subcarriers used in the OFDM transmission, whereas subband means that co-phasing parameters are determined over subsets of contiguous subcarriers. The co-phasing parameters are quantized such that ^^^ఏ^is taken from either a QPSK or 8PSK signal constellation.P111913WO01  14 / 86  With ^^ denoting a sub-band index, the precoder reported by the UE can be expressed as Note that the reporting overhead for Type II CSI is generally large, especially when comparing to the Type I CSI. A dominant part of the reporting overhead is from subband reporting, e.g., the layer-specific NZCs. For instance, it requires about 7 bits (the actual number depends on the release version and parameter configuration) to report the phase and amplitude for one coefficient. In NR, a UE can be configured with one or multiple CSI Report Settings, each configured by a higher layer parameter CSI-ReportConfig. Each CSI-ReportConfig is associated with a BWP and contains one or more of the following: ^ a CSI resource configuration for channel measurement ^ a CSI-IM resource configuration for interference measurement ^ reporting configuration type, i.e., aperiodic CSI (on PUSCH), periodic CSI (on PUCCH), or semi-persistent CSI on PUCCH or PUSCH ^ report quantity specifying what to be reported, such as RI, PMI, CQI ^ codebook configuration such as type I or type II CSI ^ frequency domain configuration, i.e., subband vs. wideband CQI or PMI, and subband size ^ CQI table to be used A UE shall perform aperiodic CSI reporting using PUSCH upon successful decoding of a DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 which triggers an aperiodic CSI trigger state. When a DCI format 0_1 schedules two PUSCH allocations, the aperiodic CSI report is carried on the second scheduled PUSCH. When a DCI format 0_1 schedules more than two PUSCH allocations, the aperiodic CSI report is carried on the penultimate scheduled PUSCH. A UE shall perform semi-persistent CSI reporting on the PUSCH upon successful decoding of a DCI format 0_1 or DCI format 0_2 which activates a semi-persistent CSIP111913WO01  15 / 86  trigger state. DCI format 0_1 and DCI format 0_2 contains a CSI request field which indicates the semi-persistent CSI trigger state to activate or deactivate. The PUSCH resources and MCS shall be allocated semi-persistently by an uplink DCI. CSI reporting on PUSCH can be multiplexed with uplink data on PUSCH. CSI reporting on PUSCH can also be performed without any multiplexing with uplink data from the UE. Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) can be reported together with a CSI report to inform the gNB about the channel quality and what the UE expects to be able to receive, assuming the gNB does a transmission with the reported precoding matrix indicator (PMI). The CQI indicates the highest modulation scheme and coding rate (MCS) the UE can receive data within a given block error probability. Recently neural network based autoencoders (AEs) have shown promising results for compressing downlink MIMO channel estimates for uplink feedback. Examples include using AEs to improve the accuracy of reported CSI from the UE to the NW and / or reduce the CSI reporting overhead. An AE may be considered a type of artificial neural network (NN) that can be used to compress and decompress data, in an unsupervised manner, often with high fidelity. Figure 3 illustrates a simple fully connected (dense) AE. The AE is divided into two parts: an encoder (used to compress the input data ^^), and a decoder (used to de- compress the (received compressed) input data ). AEs can have different architectures. For example, AEs can be based on dense NNs, multi-dimensional convolution NNs, variational, recurrent NNs, transformer networks, or any combination thereof. However, all AE architectures possess an encoder- bottleneck-decoder structure illustrated in Figure 3. The size of the codeword (denoted by ^^ in Figure 3) of an AE is typically a lot smaller than the size of the input data (^^ in Figure 3). The AE encoder thus reduces theP111913WO01  16 / 86  dimensionality of the input features ^^ down to ^^. The decoder part of the AE tries toinvert the encoder and reconstruct ^^ with minimal error, according to somepredefined loss function. Figure 4 illustrates how an AE might be used for AI / ML-enhanced CSI reporting in NR. The UE measures the channel in the downlink using CSI-RS. The UE estimates that channel for each subcarrier (SC) from each base station TX antenna and at each UE RX antenna. The estimate can be viewed as a three-dimensional channel matrix. The 3D channel matrix represents the MIMO channel estimated over several SCs and is input to the encoder. The AE encoder is implemented in the UE, and the AE decoder is implemented in the NW. The output of the AE encoder is signalled from the UE to the NW over the uplink, e.g., as a measurement report and / or CSI report. The codeword (the transmitted information) can be viewed a learned latent representation of the channel. The architecture of an AE (e.g. number of layers, nodes per layer, activation function etc) typically needs to be numerically optimized for CSI reporting via a process called hyperparameter tuning. Properties of the data (e.g., CSI-RS channel estimates), the channel size, uplink feedback rate, and hardware limitations of the encoder and decoder may be considered when optimizing the AE’s architecture. The weights and biases of an AE (with a fixed architecture) are trained to minimize the reconstruction error (the error between the input ^^ and output ^^^) on some training dataset. For example, the weights and biases can be trained to minimize the meansquared error (MSE) ^^^ െ ^^^^ଶ. Model training is typically done using some variant ofthe gradient descent algorithm on a large training data set. To achieve good performance during live operation, the training data set should be representative of the actual data the AE will encounter during live operation. In the AE-based CSI compression, the output of the UE-side encoder may be communicated over the air interface (e.g., representing the bottleneck) to the gNB decoder with the assigned CSI reporting payload. It may be quantised to a finite number of bits (e.g., 1-4 bits per sample for the UCI) to obtain an efficient transmission,P111913WO01  17 / 86  as shown in Figure 5. A quantisation layer may be connected at the output of the encoder, or directly included in the encoder. In an example, the quantisation layer may implement scalar quantisation which quantises the output of each neuron of the encoder output layer (the bottleneck layer of AE) to generate bits to fit the CSI reporting payload in the UCI. Other quantisation methods, e.g., vector quantisation, may also be used. A proper pre-processing on the input to the encoder can greatly reduce the size and complexity for designing and / or training an AI / ML model, and / or may improve the scalability and transferability of the model. In the CSI compression, a pre-processing method could be a transformation of the channel from antenna-frequency domain to beam-delay domain, or from the antenna-frequency-time domain to the beam-delay- doppler domain. In addition, the pre-processing may be used to reduce the need for multiple models depending on bandwidth variation and variation in the number of antenna ports at the gNB. To further explain this, the channel representation in the antenna-frequency domain is usually rich and hard to compress, however, its equivalent form in the beam-delay domain is sparse and easier to compress. Such sparsity, to some extent, reflects the physical interpretation of a propagation channel. That is, it reflects how the numerous sinusoidal signals traverse from the transmitting end, along different paths, to the receiving end. Essentially, each beam can be associated with a certain direction of a propagation path, and each delay can reflect the relative difference in distance if a signal propagates along different paths. Ideally, one can think of each pair of beam and delay is associated with a single propagation path, assuming infinite spatial resolution and delay resolution. In real propagation environment, dominant paths that contribute to conveying a signal are usually sparse if looking at the whole 3D space, since the signal cannot reach to the receiver end from every direction. Among other reasons, this is mainly limited by the antenna directivity and the number of antenna elements deployed at both the transmitter and the receiver, as well as the number of objects in the propagation environment that can reflect a signal without introducing significant loss. The above sparsity can be exploited to assist an AI / ML model. For example, the beam-delayP111913WO01  18 / 86  domain transformation could help the AI / ML model with an initial feature extraction. Another advantage of this pre-processing is that the beam-delay transformation can be achieved using FFTs, for which there are already fast implementations with hardware support. The sparsity can be further exploited by removing a number of insignificant beams and delays, so that the input dimensions could also be reduced with a marginal loss, likely resulting in smaller AI / ML models. The beam-delay transformation and feature extraction can be applied both cases of explicit channel feedback and eigenvector-based feedback. A brief example in described next for pre-processing of the eigenvector-based feedback. The first step is that the UE measures the channel on CSI-RS. For example, let the UE have 4 Rx-ports, the CSI Report configuration has 32 Tx-ports, and the bandwidth are 52 RBs corresponding to 10 MHz at 15 kHz subcarrier spacing. The feature extraction for eigenvector-based feedback is illustrated in Figure 6. The steps are as follows: 1. The UE does a spatial domain DFT on the 32x4 matrix per RB and selects the ^^ strongest beams out of 16 (for one polarization). This is done in a wideband manner, including the spatial oversampling of the spatial-domain (SD) basis, and the same beams are used for both polarizations. The covariance of the beam-space channel is summed over, e.g., 4 RBs to produce a covariance matrix for each subband. 2. For each covariance matrix (per subband) the UE extracts a number of eigenvectors and may select the rank, i.e., number of layers. 3. The UE does a frequency domain DFT per layer, transforming to delay domain, whereafter it selects the ^^ strongest taps. The resulting tensor of dimensions 2^^ x number of layers x ^^ is called the linear combination coefficients and can be used to reconstruct, by the UE suggested, precoding matrices. 4. The tensor of linear combination coefficients is used as input in the AI / ML model. The input could be further enhanced with information about the selected beams and taps, noise levels, etc.P111913WO01  19 / 86  Next to compression in the spatial and frequency domain, CSI compression in the temporal domain may be considered. For example, it may be considered utilising AI CSI compression and / or using past CSI information (historical information) to compress and reconstruct the present CSI at UE side (encoder) and NW side (decoder), respectively. The AI model can store past CSI information from previous slot(s) and use this information to better compress / recover the CSI of the present slot. The past information from previous slot(s) can be regarded as past CSI information, and the AI generated CSI feedback over the air-interface for the current slot can be considered as a delta CSI information on top of the past CSI information. If the channel of the current slot is correlated with the previous slot(s) and if the UE side (encoder) and NW side (decoder) have aligned past CSI information available, then, the CSI feedback overhead is expected to be further reduced compared to approaches considering only spatial and frequency domain CSI compression. Figure 1 shows an example of CSI compression including temporal domain aspects, where the past CSI information is generated based on data pre-processing. Figure 7 shows one example of AI model design to implement this new CSI-compression. In this case, the past CSI is generated based on the beam and delay domain information extracted from a channel measurement (^^୮ୟ^^) at a past time occasion. The beam domain information is denoted by the selected spatial domain basis vectors (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^) of the past channel measurement and the delay domain information is denoted by the selected frequency domain basis vectors (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^) of the past channel measurement.It is assumed that the past CSI information (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^) captures the long-termchannel characteristics, which does not change very fast in time. Further, it is assumedthat the past CSI information (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ୮ୟ^^) is known at both UE and NW side,e.g., via UE reporting the past CSI information to the NW as shown in Figure 8. Hence, this past CSI information can be reused to better compress / recover the CSI of the current slot t. For generating an AI-CSI report for the current time slot t, a UE first obtains channel measurement (^^^) at the current time slot t, then, it applies data preprocessing on thechannel measurement (^^^) using a past CSI information (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ୮ୟ^^) to obtain amatrix (^^^^, ^). The obtained matrix (^^^^, ^) is fed to the encoder to generate a CSIP111913WO01  20 / 86 feedback information ( ^^^ ). At the network side, a decoder is firstly used toreconstructed the matrix (^^^^^,^^) from the received CSI feedback information (^^^), then,it applies post-processing on the reconstructed matrix (^^^^^,^^) using the past CSIinformation (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^) to reconstruct the CSI (^^^^^) at the time slot t.Figure 8 shows an example of periodic AI-CSI reporting; the past CSI(^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ୮ୟ^^ ) is reported with a longer periodicity comparing to the encodergenerated AI-CSI reporting (^^^^. A UE is configured to report the encoder generated AI-CSI (^^^^ periodically, and for every N consecutive AI-CSI reporting, the UE isconfigured to include the ^^^^^, ^^^^^ of the first channel measurement in thecorresponding CSI report. The ^^^^and ^^^^will be used as past CSI information for the rest of the N-1 AI-CSI reporting. For existing eType II CSI reporting, the reported PMI for time instance ^^ includesinformation about ^^^^,^^, ^^^^,^^ and ^^^^,^^, which are derived by the UE according to thespecification and the corresponding configuration parameters received from the gNB.Since information about ^^^^,^^, ^^^^,^^ and ^^^^,^^ is included in the same CSI report, thefull PMI for time instance ^^ is known to both the UE and the gNB based on the CSI report corresponding to time instance ^^. For the AI-CSI (^^^^ reporting described above, we have the following: ^ The reported AI-CSI (^^^^ contains only partial PMI information of the current channel. That is, only compressed information of the matrix ^^^^, ^may be reported as part of CSI corresponding to time ^^. ^ The matrix ^^^^, ^used as input to the encoder is derived by applying data preprocessing on the channel measurement (^^^) at time instance ^^ using a past CSI information (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^). Hence, the reported AI-CSI (^^^^ relieson the past CSI information. ^ Hence, for the AI-CSI reporting, to get the full PMI information at the gNB, there is a need to indicate the association between partial PMI information reported in time ^^ to past CSI information so that the past CSI information is known and aligned at both the gNB and the UE.P111913WO01  21 / 86  In addition, in legacy CSI reporting, when PMI reporting is configured, the CQI shall be calculated based on a hypothetical PDSCH transmission, where a precoding matrix will be applied for this hypothetical PDSCH transmission. And this precoding matrix is corresponding to the reported PMI. To get the precoding matrix for hypothetical PDSCH transmission in order to compute the CQI, the full PMI information is needed. It is proposed that the compressed information on the partial PMI (e.g., compressed information of the matrix reported as part of CSI corresponding to time ^^ is to be related / associated to pastCSI information (e.g., past CSI information on ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^).Herein are described approaches for signalling the relation or association betweenpartial PMI information reported in time ^^ to past CSI information. There areconsidered signalling methods and approaches to support UE reporting of partial PMI related CSI (second precoding matrix related information) based on historical CSI information (first precoding matrix related information). More specifically, it is proposed to indicate the association between a partial PMI reported in time ^^ and a past CSIreported at an earlier time instance ^^′ wherein ^^ᇱ ^ ^^ . While approaches aredescribed in the context of NR, they may be applicable to other systems, in particular 6G systems. In particular, there is proposed a method of operating a wireless device like an UE, as well as there is proposed a wireless device. The WD may be adapted for and / or the method may comprise and / or be for CSI reporting (and / or transmitting measurement reporting and / or feedback signalling). The WD may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise one or more of the following: receiving, e.g., from a gNB or network node, a configuration for reporting (a) first precoding matrix related information and (a) second precoding matrix related information; and / or receiving, e.g., from a gNB or network node, first signalling indicating to relate or associate the first precoding matrix related information with the second precoding matrix related information; and / or receiving, e.g., from a gNB or network node, a second signalling indicating to report the first precoding matrix related information; and / or computing and reporting firstP111913WO01  22 / 86  precoding matrix related information, e.g., to the gNB, e.g., based on the configuration and / or second signalling; and / or receiving a third signalling indicating to report the second precoding matrix related information; and / or computing second precoding matrix related information using the relation or association signaled according to the first signalling; and / or reporting the second precoding matrix related information, e.g., based on the computing of the second precoding matrix .In general, first and / or second precoding matrix related information may be represented by, and / or be based on, and / or correspond to, and / or be considered as, first and / or second precoding matrix information, and / or may be (essentially or sufficiently for scheduling and / or processing purposes, e.g., within limit provided by the standard used for communication) isomorphically and / or unambiguously transferable and / or derivable from each other. In general, the second precoding matrix information may be reported over a plurality of CSI reporting instances, e.g., with multiple (separate) transmission of signalling, e.g., feedback signalling, wherein the time duration between adjacent CSI reporting instances among the plurality of CSI reporting instances carrying the second precoding matrix information may be ^^ slots, e.g., according to a configuration. The second precoding matrix related information may include information on a set of amplitude coefficients and a set of phase coefficients corresponding to a set of spatial domain basis vectors. The information on the set of amplitude coefficients and the set of phase coefficients respectively may comprise a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators, to represent the respective coefficients. The information on the set of amplitude coefficients and the set of phase coefficients may generally comprise a set of coefficients compressed at the WD or UE via a compression model, e.g., an AI / ML model and / or an AE encoder. The first precoding matrix related information generally may include information on the set of spatial domain basis vectors. In some cases, the set of spatial domain basis vectors may be represented by a set of spatial domain basis vector indicators.P111913WO01  23 / 86  It may be considered that the second precoding matrix related information generally may include information on a set of amplitude coefficients and a set of phase coefficients corresponding to a set of spatial domain basis vectors and a set of frequency domain basis vectors. The information on the set of amplitude coefficients and the set of phase coefficients respectively generally may comprise a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicator. The information on the set of amplitude coefficients and the set of phase coefficients generally may comprise a set of coefficients compressed at the WD or UE via a compression model like an AI / ML model and / or AE encoder. In general, the first precoding matrix related information may include information on the set of spatial domain basis vectors and the set of frequency domain basis vectors. The set of spatial domain basis vectors and the set of frequency domain basis vectors may generally be respectively represented by a set of spatial domain basis vector indicators and a set of frequency domain basis vector indicators. The first signalling, the second signalling and the third signalling may be combined in a common signalling. The common signalling may be higher layer signalling like RRC signalling. The RRC signalling and / or higher layer signalling generally may configure periodic reporting of the first precoding matrix information and the second precoding matrix information, and / or may configure the configuration. Common signalling may be considered as, and / or represent a form of configuration signalling and / or control signalling. The first signalling, and / or second signalling and / or third signalling may be considered to be, and / or represent, a form of configuration signalling and / or control signalling. First, second and / or third signalling may be combined, and / or omitted. It may be considered that in some variants, for every instance of the first precodingmatrix related information being reported, N instances of the associated secondprecoding matrix information are reported, where the parameter ^^ may configured in the common signalling. In some variants, alternatively, or additionally, signalling like first, second and / or third, and / or common signalling, may be MAC CE signalling or DCI signalling. Common / second / third / control signalling may activate and / or trigger semi- persistent reporting of the second precoding matrix information, in particular if implemented as physical layer / DCI signalling, and / or MAC layer signalling (e.g., using MAC CE).P111913WO01  24 / 86  The first precoding matrix related information generally may be reported only at the first CSI reporting instance after activation of the semi-persistent reporting via the common signalling, and the associated second precoding matrix information generally may be reported at each CSI reporting instances until receiving another signalling that deactivates the semi-persistent reporting. In some cases, it may be considered that the second signalling and the third signalling may be MAC layer signalling like MAC CE signalling and / or DCI signalling, which may activate semi-persistent reporting of the second precoding matrix information, and / or the first signalling may be a combination of the MAC CE or the DCI singling and / or a RRC signalling that configures the semi-persistent reporting. In general, reporting and / or association between PMIs (first / second, e.g.) may be configured or configurable. The first precoding matrix related information (first PMI) may in some cases be only reported at the first CSI reporting instance after activation of the semi-persistent reporting, e.g., via the MAC CE, and in every ^^ consecutive CSI reporting occasions thereafter until the deactivation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting, e.g., via another MAC CE or DCI signalling. It may be considered that the second precoding matrix related information may be reported at every CSI reporting instances until the deactivation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting, e.g., via another MAC CE or DCI signalling. For each instance of first precoding matrix related information reporting, it may beassociated with the proceeding ^^ െ 1 consecutive instances of the second precodingmatrix related information reporting, where the parameter ^^ may be configured in the first signalling. The third signalling may be DCI signalling that triggers aperiodic reporting of the second precoding matrix related information, e.g., over one or more than one (e.g., L) occasions; L may be configured in a configuration, and / or in the signalling triggering the aperiodic reporting).P111913WO01  25 / 86  The configuration and / or first signalling and / or common signalling may configure a time window, based on which the UE may check the validity of the stored first precoding matrix information. The first signalling may be replaced by (e.g., using a configuration), and / or indicate specified values of the time window, and specified rules on UE checking the validity of first precoding matrix information based on the specified time offset values. In some cases, the WD or UE may consider the stored first precoding matrix information valid if the time distance between the reporting instance of the stored first precoding matrix information and the reporting instance of the second precoding matrix is within the time window. In general, there may be considered a network node and / or radio node, which may be adapted for transmitting first and / or second and / or third and / or common and / or configuration signalling as described herein, and / or adapted for configuring a WD or UE with a configuration. Moreover, there may be considered a method of operating a network node and / or radio node. The method may comprise transmitting first and / or second and / or third and / or common and / or configuration signalling as described herein, and / or may comprise configuring a WD or UE with a configuration. Alternatively, or additionally, the node may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise receiving first PMI and / or second PMI, e.g., in accordance with a configuration. The configuration described herein may be considered a measurement report configuration, and / or feedback configuration. Proposed approaches may enable nodes like UE and gNB to align on the historical CSI information to be used by the UE to construct and report a partial PMI, and to be used by the gNB to reconstruct the full PMI from the received partial PMI. Hence, the CSI reporting overhead can be reduced. Figure 9 shows examples of partial PMI reporting, where the partial PMI is derived by applying data preprocessing on the channel measurement using past CSI informationP111913WO01  26 / 86  associated with a set of SD basis vectors ^^^,୮ୟ^^and a set of FD basis vectors ^^^,୮ୟ^^. Top plot: without compression of the partial PMI. Bottom plot: with further compression of the partial PMI. For the example shown in the top part of . Figure 9, a matrix (^^ଶ,௧) is obtained at the UE by applying data preprocessing on the present channel measurement (^^௧) usingpast CSI information (^^^,୮ୟ^^, ^^^,୮ୟ^^). The (^^ଶ,௧) matrix obtained is referred to aspartial PMI, and this partial PMI is reported from the UE to the NW at slot ^^. The matrix ^^^,୮ୟ^^represents a set of spatial domain basis vectors selected and reported by theUE as part of a previous CSI report to the gNB at an earlier slot ^^′ wherein ^^ᇱ ^ ^^. Insome variants, the set of spatial domain basis vectors in W^,୮ୟ^^are reported as a set of spatial domain basis vector indicators. The matrix W^,୮ୟ^^represents a set of frequency domain basis vectors selected and reported by the UE as part of a previousCSI report at an earlier slot ^^′ wherein ^^ᇱ ^ ^^. The set of frequency domain basisvectors in W^,୮ୟ^^may be reported as a set of frequency domain basis vector indicators. The NW applies post-processing on the received partial PMI using thesame past CSI information (W^,୮ୟ^^, W^,୮ୟ^^) and recovers the channel measurement(V^௧) at time slot ^^.A NW may in general be represented by and / or correspond to a network node or radio node, e.g., the node receiving the reports. In the example shown in the bottom part of Figure 9, the obtained partial PMI (^^ଶ,௧) after data pre-processing is further compressed by an AI / ML model (e.g., an encoder) at the UE to generate a CSI feedback information (^^^). This generated CSI feedback information ^^^is reported as a compressed partial PMI from the UE to the network atslot ^^ . In this example, ^^^,୮ୟ^^ and ^^^,୮ୟ^^ are defined similar to the previousexample. The set of spatial domain basis vectors represented by ^^^,୮ୟ^^are reported by the UE as part of a previous CSI report to the network at an earlier slot^^ᇱ ^ ^^. Similarly, the set of frequency domain basis vectors represented by ^^^,୮ୟ^^ arereported by the UE to the network as part of a previous CSI report at the earlier slot^^ᇱ ^ ^^ . And at the network side, an AI / ML model (e.g., a decoder) is used toP111913WO01  27 / 86  reconstruct the matrix (^^^ଶ,௧) from the received CSI feedback information (^^^). Then, the network applies post-processing on the reconstructed matrix (^^^ଶ,௧) using the pastCSI information to reconstruct the CSI (^^^௧) at the time slot ^^.In some cases, past / historical CSI information may be obtained by feature extraction of the CSI information for one or multiple of the past / historical channel measurements. The reported PMI may contain only partial PMI information of a channel measurement, e.g., the PMI information after applying feature extraction. Different feature extraction of the past channel measurements may be considered: As an example, the past CSI information may comprise, and / or consist of, selected spatial domain basis vectors (^^^,୮ୟ^^) reported at a previous time slot ^^′ and selected frequency domain basis vectors (^^^,୮ୟ^^) of a past channel measurement reported at a previous time slot ^^′. The reported PMI (^^ଶ,௧^ can be derived by applying feature extraction (pre-processing) on the channel measurement ^^^௧^ using the past / historicalCSI information ^^^^,୮ୟ^^, ^^^,୮ୟ^^^. Specifically, there may be considered,a. when ^^௧ is the estimated raw channel, ^^௧^∈ gNB transmit antenna ൈsubbands^ per UE receive antenna can be transformed to beam-delay domain using: ^ beam domain transformation to obtain the spatial domain basis vectors given by ^^^, ୮ୟ^^, and ^ delay domain transformation to obtain the frequency domain basis vectors given by ^^^,୮ୟ^^, such that the beam-delay transformation is represented by ^^ଶ,௧per UE receive antenna, wherein ^^ଶ,௧ ൌ ^^^,୮ୟ^^^^௧^^^ு,୮ୟ^^.b. and / or when ^^௧ ^∈ gNB transmit antenna ൈ subbands^ is the eigenvector pertransmission layer, each eigenvector per transmission layer computed from the estimated raw channel can be transformed to beam-delay domain using:P111913WO01  28 / 86  ^ beam domain transformation to obtain the spatial domain basis vectors given by ^^^,୮ୟ^^, where the beam domain transformation is common across the transmission layer, and ^ delay domain transformation to obtain the frequency domain basis vectors given by ^^^,୮ୟ^^, where the delay domain transformation is applied per transmission layer, such that the beam-delay transformation is represented by ^^ଶ,௧, wherein ^^ଶ,௧,^corresponding to the ^^-th transmission layer can be represented by: where ^^ ∈ ^1,2, … , ^^^, and ^^ is the estimated rank. In the above equation, ^^^,୮ୟ^^,^corresponds to the frequency domain basis vectors associated with the ^^-th layer. As another example, the past CSI information may comprise, and / or consists of, only the selected spatial domain basis vectors (^^^, ୮ୟ^^) of a past channel measurement. The reported PMI (^^ଶ,௧^ can be derived by applying feature extraction (pre-processing) on the channel measurement ^^^௧^ using the past / historical CSI information ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^. Compared to the example above, here ^^௧is transformed to only beam domain leveraging the spatial domain basis vectors ^^^, ୮ୟ^^. As another example, the past CSI information may be obtained by using an AI / ML model or an algorithm, which may extract the long-term channel characteristics from one or more past / historical channel measurement(s) (e.g., given in matrix form as ^^୪୭୬^ି^^୰୫, ୮ୟ^^). In one example, the AI / ML model or algorithm may be implemented at the WD / UE-side, and the extracted long-term channel matrix may be reported from WD / UE to NW as past CSI information for CSI reporting. In another example, the AI / ML model or algorithm may be implemented at the NW-side, and the extracted long- term channel matrix may be sent from NW to UE / WD as past CSI information for CSI reporting. Thus, historical information and / or data may be provided by the WD to the NW, or vice versa. In general, the association between the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^and / or ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ and the reported partial PMI (^^^^,^^ or ^^^ ) may be indicated in theP111913WO01  29 / 86  configuration, e.g., measurement reporting configuration or CSI reporting configuration (e.g., CSI-ReportConfig IE as defined e.g., in 3GPP TS 38.331 V18.2.0) that may configures the CSI and / or PMI reporting. A single CSI Reporting Configuration may be used for reporting both the past / historical CSI information and the partial PMI. In a further variant, for every instance of past / historical CSI information (^^^^, ୮ୟ^^and / or ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^) being reported, ^^ instances of partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^ ) may be reported. The parameter ^^ may be configured as part of theconfiguration and / or CSI reporting configuration. As an example, consider the periodic CSI reporting example shown in Figure 10,where a UE is configured to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) periodically, and for every ^^ consecutive CSI reporting occasions, the UE is configured to report the past / historicalCSI information ^^^^^, ^^^^^ as part of every ^^௧^ CSI reporting occasion. The ^^^^ and^^^^will be used at the UE as past CSI information for generating CSI for the rest ofthe ^^ െ 1 CSI reporting occasions that carry only the partial PMI (^^^^,^^ or ^^^ ). Inthese example cases, the association between the past / historical CSI information and the reported partial PMI(s) is indicated by the gNB to the UE via a parameter ^^. Figure 10 in particular shows an example of periodic CSI reporting, where the UE is configured to report partial PMI (e.g., ^^^^,^^or ^^^) at every CSI reporting occasion, but only report past / historical CSI information (e.g., ^^^^and ^^^^) once for every N CSI reporting occasions. Figure 11 shows an example of semi-persistent CSI reporting, where the UE isconfigured to report partial PMI (e. g. ,^^^^,^^ or ^^^ ) at all CSI reporting occasions, butonly report past / historical CSI information (i.e., ^^^^and ^^^^) at the first CSI reporting occasion after activation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via MAC CE (top plot), or only report past / historical CSI information (i.e., ^^^^and ^^^^) at every ^^௧^CSI reporting occasion starting from the first CSI reporting occasion after activation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via MAC CE (bottom plot). Figure 11 shows two examples where a UE is configured with semi-persistent CSI reporting being activated by MAC CE.P111913WO01  30 / 86  For the example shown at the top of Figure 11, the UE is configured to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) on each CSI reporting occasion and only report the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ^^^^^ at the first CSI reporting occasion after theactivation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via a MAC CE. The ^^^^and ^^^^will be 995  used at the UE as past / historical CSI information for generating the rest of the CSI reporting that carries only the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) until the semi-persistent CSI reporting is deactivated via another MAC CE. In this example, the association between the past / historical CSI information and the reported partial PMI is implicitly indicated by the MAC CE signalling that activates the semi-persistent CSI reporting. 1000  The association between the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ andthe reported partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) may in general be indicated by MAC CE signalling and / or DCI signalling or other control signalling that activates a semi- persistent PMI reporting, which may index and / or point to a configuration, e.g., 1005  indicating a specific association from a set of configured associations. For the example shown at the bottom of Figure 11, the UE is configured to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) on each of the CSI reporting occasions. The UE is configured to only report the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ^^^^^ at the first CSI reporting1010  occasion after activation of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via MAC CE and in every N consecutive CSI reporting occasions thereafter until the deactivation of the semi- persistent CSI reporting via another MAC CE. The past / historical CSI information ^^^^ and ^^^^ will be used at the UE for generating the rest of the ^^ െ 1 CSI reportingthat carries only the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) till the semi-persistent CSI reporting is 1015  deactivated by MAC CE. This case is similar to the periodic CSI reporting case shown in Figure 10, except for that the first CSI reporting occasion to transmit ^^^^^, ^^^^^ isdetermined by the MAC CE signalling that activates the semi-persistent CSI reporting. Hence, in this example, the association between the past / historical CSI information and the reported partial PMI is indicated by both the MAC CE signalling that activates 1020  the semi-persistent CSI reporting and the parameter ^^ which can be configured by the NW as part of the semi-persistent CSI reporting configuration. P111913WO01  31 / 86 The association between the past CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ and the reportedpartial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) in some cases may be indicated by control signalling like the 1025  DCI or MAC CE signalling that activates a semi-persistent CSI reporting and parameter(s) in the CSI-ReportConfig that configures the semi-persistent CSI reporting. Figure 12 shows another example of semi-persistent CSI reporting, where the UE is1030  configured to report partial PMI (e. g. ,^^^^,^^ or ^^^ ) at all CSI reporting occasions, butonly report past / historical CSI information (i.e., ^^^^and ^^^^) at the first CSI reporting occasion after triggering of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via DCI (top plot), or only report past / historical CSI information (i.e., ^^^^and ^^^^) at every ^^௧^CSI reporting occasion starting from the first CSI reporting occasion after triggering of the semi- 1035  persistent CSI reporting via DCI (bottom plot). Figure 12 shows two examples where a UE is configured with semi-persistent CSI reporting being triggered via DCI. For the example shown at the top of Figure 12, the UE is configured to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) on each CSI reporting occasion and only report the1040  past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ^^^^^ at the first CSI reporting occasion after thetriggering of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via DCI. The ^^^^and ^^^^will be used at the UE as past / historical CSI information for generating the rest of the CSI reporting that carries only the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) until the semi-persistent CSI reporting is deactivated via another DCI. In this example, the association between the 1045  past / historical CSI information and the reported PMI is implicitly indicated by the DCI signalling that triggers the semi-persistent CSI reporting. The association between the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ andthe reported partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) may be indicated by DCI signalling that triggers 1050  a semi-persistent PMI reporting. For the example shown at the bottom of Figure 12, the UE is configured to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) on each of the CSI reporting occasions. The UE is configured to only report the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ^^^^^ at the first CSI reportingP111913WO01  32 / 86  1055  occasion after triggering of the semi-persistent CSI reporting via DCI and in every N consecutive CSI reporting occasions thereafter until the deactivation of the semi- persistent CSI reporting via another DCI. The past / historical CSI information ^^^^and ^^^^ will be used at the UE for generating the rest of the ^^ െ 1 CSI reporting thatcarries only the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) till the semi-persistent CSI reporting is 1060  deactivated. This case is similar to the periodic CSI reporting case shown in Figure 10, except for that the first CSI reporting occasion to transmit ^^^^^, ^^^^^ isdetermined by the DCI signalling that triggers the semi-persistent CSI reporting. Hence, in this example, the association between the past / historical CSI information and the reported partial PMI is indicated by both the DCI signalling that triggers the 1065  semi-persistent CSI reporting and the parameter ^^ which can be configured by the NW as part of the semi-persistent CSI reporting configuration. The association between the past CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ and the reportedpartial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) may be indicated by the DCI signalling that triggers a semi- 1070  persistent CSI reporting and parameter(s) in the CSI-ReportConfig that configures the semi-persistent CSI reporting. Figure 13 shows examples where a UE is configured with aperiodic CSI reporting to report the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) at time instance ^^, and the UE has reported the1075  past / historical CSI information (^^^^,^^ି^^, ^^^^,^^ି^^^ at time instance ^^ െ ^^ . The timedistance between the requested CSI reporting and the past / historical CSI information reporting, ^^, is assumed to be within a time window so that the past CSI information can still be considered as valid for generating the requested partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^). In this case, when a UE has reported a past / historical CSI information (^^^^,^^ି^^, ^^^^,^^ି^^^1080  at a time instance ^^ െ ^^, it will store the past / historical CSI information and start a timerto monitor the validity of this past / historical CSI information. If the UE is requested to send an aperiodic CSI report carrying the partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) at a time instance ^^, it will first check if the stored past CSI information is still valid. If so, the UE will use this past CSI information to generate the partial PMI and send the CSI report, 1085  otherwise, the UE will ignore the CSI request from the gNB (wrong CSI request decision made by the gNB). This UE behaviour and timer can be specified in the standard. P111913WO01  33 / 86 The association between the past / historical CSI information ^^^^^, ୮ୟ^^, ^^^^, ୮ୟ^^^ and1090  the reported partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) may be obtained based on pre-defined rules and / or timers specified in the standard. Figure 13 shows an example of aperiodic CSI reporting, where the UE is requested to report partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) at a CSI reporting occasion ^^, and the UE has reported1095  a past CSI information (^^^^,^^ି^^, ^^^^,^^ି^^^ at time instance ^^ െ ^^.In some cases, the network at a first time instance may indicate to the UE to report only the spatial and frequency domain basis information (^^^^,^^ି^^, ^^^^,^^ି^^^, which canbe used in the subsequent CSI reporting instances to compute and report the partial 1100  PMI information (^^^^,^^or ^^^) when indicated by the network. This has been illustrated in second half of Figure 13. Specifically, the UE at the first time instance, upon receiving indication from the network, compute and report (^^^^,^^ି^^, along withstoring them to compute the partial PMI information (^^^^,^^or ^^^) for subsequent CSI reports within the time window of size ^^. 1105  In some cases, the network, along with the CSI report request (e.g., corresponding to control signalling activating / triggering / indicating transmission of measurement reporting), may indicate to the UE to recompute and report the spatial and frequency domain basis, i.e., ^^^^and ^^^^, which can be used by the UE to compute and report 1110  the current and next partial PMIs (^^^^or ^^ ) in subsequent time window of size ^^. For example, as shown in Figure 14, at a time ^^ᇱ, where ^^ᇱis within the time window of ^^, the network may detect a decrement in the performance possibly due change in the channel conditions. Accordingly, the network may request a CSI reporting along1115  with resetting of ^^^^^,^^ି^^, The UE then recompute and report along with reporting the corresponding partial PMI (^^^^,௧ᇲ,or ^^௧ᇲ,). Further, the UE stores the new as the historical CSI / PMI to be used to generate partial PMIs (^^^^,^^ or ^^^ ) for the subsequent time window of size ^^ , unless otherwiseinstructed by the network. This UE behaviour and timer can be specified in the P111913WO01  34 / 86  1120  standard. Figure 14 specifically shows an example of aperiodic CSI reporting, where initially the UE is requested to report partial PMI (^^^^,^^or ^^^) at a CSI reporting occasion ^^, and the UE has reported a past CSI information (^^^^,^^ି^^, ^^^^,^^ି^^^ at timeinstance ^^ െ ^^ . Subsequently, at time instance ^^ᇱ ^ ^^ , the UE is requested torecompute and report (^^^^,^^ᇲ,^^^^,^^ᇲ) and use them to compute the partial PMI (^^^^,௧ᇲ,or 1125  ^^௧ᇲ^. The new (^^^^,^^ᇲ ,^^^^,^^ᇲ) is further used to compute the partial PMIs (^^^^,^^or ^^^) for the subsequent time window of size ^^. In one variant, the CSI report may contain an indication on whether the CSI report contains information of ^^^^. For example, the indication may be one bit in 1130  the CSI report part 1 where the value of 0 may refer to no information on ^^^^and ^^^^, while the value of 1 may represent an indication that the CSI report contains information on ^^^^and ^^^^. If there is no info of ^^^^and ^^^^in the CSI report, the NW may assume that the UE uses ^^^^, past and / or ^^^^, past to obtain the PMI. In another example, the indication may be two bit indication which represent the existent 1135  of either or both ^^^^and ^^^^. E.g., the two bits may represent four codepoints where the codepoints represents the non-existent of ^^^^and ^^^^, the existent of ^^^^, the existent of ^^^^, and the existent of both ^^^^and ^^^^, respectively. Alternatively, the two bits may be a bitmap where the first bit may represent the existence (or non- existence) of ^^^^while the second bit represents the existence (or non-existence) of 1140  ^^^^. The term autoencoder (AE) may refer to the system comprising AE encoder and AE decoder, and / or may comprise a communication path. 1145  AI-based temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) domain CSI Compression may be considered. Next to AI CSI compression of a channel measurement in the spatial and 1150  frequency domain, CSI compression may also include temporal domain compression aspects. One category of considered AI CSI compression may utilise past CSI P111913WO01  35 / 86  information (historical information) to compress and reconstruct present CSI at the UE side (encoder) and NW side (decoder), respectively. The AI model can store past CSI information, e.g., from the one or more previous slot(s) and / or subframes or other 1155  transmission timing structure, and may use this information to better compress / recover the CSI of the present slot. The past information, e.g., from previous slot(s), can be regarded as past CSI information, and the AI-generated CSI feedback over the air- interface for the current slot can be considered as delta CSI information (representing deviation / difference) on top of the past CSI information. If the channel of the current 1160  slot is correlated with the previous slot(s), and if the UE side (encoder) and NW side (decoder) have aligned past CSI information available, then, the CSI feedback overhead is expected to be further reduced as compared to utilising only spatial and frequency domain CSI compression. 1165  Note the above descriptions are only examples and different architectures for exploiting the historical CSI information may also be used. In addition, a combination of the examples may also be applied. Note also that CSI compression with historical may be referred to as temporal-spatial-frequency (TSF) domain CSI compression. In AI TSF domain compression, the model’s performance depends on the number and 1170  quality of historical CSI information that is considered to produce the current CSI report. Performance monitoring mechanisms that are designed to manage TSF domain compression and their characteristics are desirable to efficiently operate AI TSF domain CSI compression. 1175  The concept of ‘network (NW)’ and / or a gNB can be understood as referring to and / or including at least one of generic network node, gNB, base station, unit within the base station, relay node, core network node, a core network node, or a device supporting D2D communication. The node may be deployed in a 5G network, or a 6G network. Moreover, although the term AI / ML model uses a single form, it should be well 1180  understood that it should not prevent the implementation of more than one AI / ML model. A WD or UE may either be configured or autonomously switch between the models depending on certain conditions and / or proprietary implementations. P111913WO01  36 / 86  The UE (and the NW for two-sided model cases) may be assumed to have the 1185  capability of running AI / ML models supporting the AI / ML-enabled features and its respective performance monitoring procedures. Note that although the mechanisms described below mostly mention AI-based CSI compression as a method to compress the CSI, this should not limit the 1190  implementation of the invention toward non-AI-based CSI compression, should performance monitoring be required for such compression mechanism. For example, heuristic non-AI based compression approaches may be considered, e.g., for handling large measurement reports (e.g., CSI reports) and / or report having a small granularity in frequency domain (e.g., on subcarrier-level, or below PRB level), and / or occurring 1195  often in time domain, and / or pertaining to a large number or beams / beam pairs. Historical CSI information may comprise, and / or represent, CSI information from previous occasion / s (times, e.g., slots) but may additionally, or optionally, comprise and / or represent (e.g., intrinsic or internal of the model) information generated when 1200  producing the previous CSI report, e.g., memory in the model, state of the model, etc. In general, compression may be based on historical information. A transmitted CSI report or measurement report may be based on compression (and may be referred to as a compressed report), a target CSI may represent an uncompressed report, and / or 1205  may represent a report not having subject to the monitored compression (e.g., it may be compressed with a loss-less compression and / or to provide quantised information in a form retrievable for the network). A UE part model may correspond to an AE encoder; a NW part model may correspond to an AE decoder. In general, it may be considered that the ground truth may refer to the input to a model and / or to a 1210  compression, in particular to an AE encoder, and / or may represent the input to a model and / or to a compression. The UE may reset the historical information contained in and / or used by the UE-part model when the UE receives a corresponding indication,e .g., a reset indication, e.g., 1215  in control signalling like DCI signalling and / or MAC CE signalling, and / or according to a configuration (which may for example configure a time window and / or number of measurement occasions and / or reports and / or report occasions after which a reset is P111913WO01  37 / 86  to be performed. Resetting in general may pertain to resetting all historical information, or to a partial reset (e.g., one or more subsets and / or one or more report / s of a larger 1220  set or number). Machine learning (ML) or Machine learning algorithms may refer to, and / or be based on, and / or comprise techniques using a set of training data for one or more training model / s (or model in general) and / or using trained model / s for various applications, 1225  e.g., including one or more of inference, classification, prediction. Machine learning algorithms may be classified into online and offline algorithms, where offline algorithms may rely on pre-trained models, while online algorithms may train the model on the fly (and / or during operation), e.g., while receiving new data samples. An online approach may be based on a previous offline pre-training of a model. ML may be further 1230  classified according to be supervised, unsupervised and / or reinforcement learning; learning approaches may be combined, in particular for online learning, e.g., based on offline learning. A ML, or a ML system and / or model and / or algorithm and / or technique, may be 1235  implemented in software and / or with data, and may alternatively referred to as ML model; in some cases, it may be implemented as and / or comprise hardware and / or firmware and / or associated components. A ML system may in general be adapted to obtain input, extract information based on the input and its training, and provide an output. ML, a ML system or model may be based on, and / or comprise a neural 1240  network, and / or may be based on a machine learning approach. The ML system may be based on a regressive or linear approach. In some cases, a deep learning system may be used as ML model. A model, ML or a ML system may be considered an (artificial) neural network, and / or may comprise one or more neural networks and / or one or more layers. A model may have component models, e.g., associated to different 1245  nodes. For example, an AE encoder may be on one node, and an AE decoder may be on another. Different nodes may be in communication connection, e.g., via wireless communication. A neural network may generally be an artificial neural network; in some cases, it may 1250  be referred to a model, and / or represented by a model. A model or neural network may comprise multiple layers. The layers may be of different type; in particular, the P111913WO01  38 / 86  neural network or model may comprise an input layer, for receiving data to be evaluated and / or as training data as input or base data, and an output layer, providing processed data as output and / or result. Between input layer and output layer, there 1255  may be one or more hidden layers, which may be interconnected to receive output of one layer as input, and / or to provide its output as input for another layer. The neural network may be linear, or non-linear. In some cases, the neural network may be recursive, e.g., such that the same layer (at least one layer) may be provided with output of a layer (e.g., itself, or a different layer) multiple times. A layer may operate 1260  based on matrix multiplication being applied on input. In some cases, a layer may operate based on convolution being applied on input. Base input may correspond to original data the network as a whole is intended to operate on to provide a result, which may be considered output of the last / output layer and / or the neural network as a whole. A neural network may be a convolutional neural network, e.g., comprising at least one 1265  convolutional layer. Inference may refer to the model providing prediction / s and / or conclusions based on new data, e.g., provided as input data to the (trained) model, e.g., during operation or application of the model. An artificial neural network may represent a class of machine learning algorithms 1270  provide a capability to approximate a general function based on training data set / s, and may facilitate parallel processing, which make these techniques attractive candidates for implementation on emerging AI accelerator hardware. A neural network may be based on interconnected processing units called neurons as depicted in Figure 1, where each neuron (shown as circular nodes, and arranged in layers) receives 1275  weighted version (indicated by the lines, weights indicated by w_in for input weight, w_out for output weight, w_hidden for weights of layer / s between input and output layers) of the other neuron’s outputs and compute the output based on a nonlinear transformation of the aggregated inputs using an activation function. Input data may represent input to the model and / or a layer, in particular an input layer. Output data 1280  may represent output of the network or a layer, in particular an output layer. Network data may represent the neural network (e.g., as software and / or with associated data / weights and / o connections and / or layers and / or nodes and / or neurons). Auxiliary data or intermediate data may comprise intermediate results, and / or additional information, in particular control information, e.g., pertaining to a target layer for output, 1285  and / or formatting of data, or similar. P111913WO01  39 / 86  AI / ML may be utilised for a wireless network or radio access network, e.g., an air interface like a NR Air Interface. Life cycle management (LCM) may be considered for such. AI / ML may be used for the physical layer of the wireless network, e.g., for design 1290  and / or operation of the physical layer and / or the radio access network. Model performance monitoring (or short model monitoring) may be considered. Model performance monitoring may refer to, and / or comprise, and / or be based on, a procedure that monitors an inference performance of an AI / ML model. 1295  In general, one or more of metrics / methods for monitoring, e.g., AI / ML model monitoring may be considered: Monitoring based on inference accuracy, which may include metrics related to intermediate KPIs (KPI may in general refer to key performance indicator, e.g., pre- defined parameters of performance, which may be indicative of individual radio links 1300  or overall link performance, e.g., based on (weighed) average and / or combined parameter / s and / or parameter sets); and / or Monitoring based on system performance, including metrics related to system performance KPIs; Monitoring based on data distribution, which can further include one or more 1305  of Input-based monitoring, monitoring the input data, e.g., validity of the AI / ML input based on out-of-distribution detection, drift detection of input data, etc.; and / or Output-based monitoring: e.g., drift detection of output data; and / or Monitoring based on applicable conditions and / or parameters, e.g. pre-defined 1310  and / or preconfigurable conditions and / or operational conditions. Model monitoring may be continuous or performed at a set of time occasions, periodically or on-demand. A network node or gNB may signal a monitoring configuration, and / or initiation and termination of monitoring, and / or trigger single- 1315  instance monitoring support from one or more UEs. The UEs may signal model monitoring support capability to the NW, e.g. with capability information, which may be transmitted in an RRC layer message. P111913WO01  40 / 86  In general, a transmitter like a UE or network node may be adapted to transmit 1320  signalling pertaining to measurements, e.g., measurement reporting and / or feedback signalling In general, feedback signalling and / or measurement reporting may be transmitted based on a configuration like a measurement configuration or measurement reporting configuration. A measurement (reporting) configuration may indicate transmitting parameters specific to the feedback or measurement reporting 1325  signalling. A transmitter may be configured or configurable with multiple (different) measurement configurations. In general, a transmitter may operate based on a transmitter model, and / or a receiver may operate based on a receiver model. The transmitter model may 1330  represent and / or comprise a compression model and / or an encoder, e.g., an AE encoder. The receiver model may represent and / or comprise decompression model and / or a decoder, e.g., an AE decoder. An encoder may be an example for a compression model, and / or a decoder may be an example of a decompression model. A compression model may be ML and / or AI-based, but compression models using 1335  non-AI approaches may be considered in general, e.g., to save power and / or limit processing cost. A decompression model may be ML and / or AI-based, but decompression models using non-AI approaches may be considered in general, e.g., to save power and / or limit processing cost. 1340  In some cases, signalling operation may comprise transmitting / transmission of signalling, and / or adapting such, and / or operating in a transmitter mode (also referred to as transmitting mode or transmission mode). In general, a model may be used for one or more functions and / or components for a 1345  transmitter or receiver, in particular one or more functions and / or components associated to the physical layer of a radio access network, e.g., for receiver and / or transmitter. Such a function may for example pertain to encoding and / or decoding, and / or compressing and / or decompressing, e.g., of CSI information and / or data. 1350  In general, a receiver may be represented by, and / or comprise, at least one receiver and / or transceiver circuitry and / or associated software and / or hardware and / or firmware and / or modules and / or components. A receiver may be a device adapted for P111913WO01  41 / 86  receiving signalling, and may be included in a larger device with additional functionality, e.g., for transmitting and / or user functions and / or server functions. A 1355  receiver may be implemented as a receiving device, in particular a receiving radio node, which may for example be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal or wireless device. A receiver may encompass and / or provide one or more functions and / or associated modules and / or components, which may be involved in receiving functions. A receiver may be a receiver for receiving signalling like measurement 1360  reports. A receiver may be adapted for transmitting configuration signalling and / or control signalling and / or first / second / third signalling and / or common signalling. In general, a transmitter may be represented by, and / or comprise, at least one transmitter and / or transceiver circuitry and / or associated software and / or hardware 1365  and / or firmware and / or modules and / or components. A transmitter may be a device adapted for transmitting signalling, and may be included in a larger device with additional functionality, e.g., for receiving and / or user functions and / or server functions. A transmitter may be implemented as a transmitting device, in particular a transmitting radio node, which may for example be a network node, or a user 1370  equipment or terminal or wireless device. A transmitter may encompass and / or provide one or more functions and / or associated modules and / or components, which may be involved in transmitting functions. A transmitter may be a transmitter for transmitting measurement reports. 1375  In some cases, measurement reporting and / or feedback signalling may be on a control channel, or a data channel, and / or a physical channel, or a transport channel or utilising a PDU like a MAC PDU. In some cases, the term receiver may refer to the receiver / transceiver circuitry and / or 1380  functions actually involved in reception of signalling, in others it may refer to the device / arrangement which comprises such circuitry and functions (e.g., radio node); unless it is clear from the context which interpretation is referred to, it should be assumed that both, or either, apply. In some cases, the term transmitter may refer to the transmitter / transceiver circuitry and / or functions actually involved in transmission 1385  of signalling, in others it may refer to the device / arrangement which comprises such P111913WO01  42 / 86  circuitry and functions (e.g., radio node); unless it is clear from the context which interpretation is referred to, it should be assumed that both, or either, apply. Figure 15 schematically shows a radio node, in particular a wireless device or terminal 1390  10 or a UE (User Equipment), which may be an example of a transmitter. Radio node 10 comprises processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 20, which may comprise a controller connected to a memory. Any module of the radio node 10, e.g. a communicating module or determining module, may be implemented in and / or executable by, the processing circuitry 20, in particular as module in the 1395  controller. Radio node 10 also comprises radio circuitry 22 providing receiving and transmitting or transceiving functionality (e.g., one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers), the radio circuitry 22 being connected or connectable to the processing circuitry. An antenna circuitry 24 of the radio node 10 is connected or connectable to the radio circuitry 22 to collect or send and / or amplify signals. Radio 1400  circuitry 22 and the processing circuitry 20 controlling it are configured for cellular communication with a network, e.g. a RAN as described herein, and / or for sidelink communication (which may be within coverage of the cellular network, or out of coverage; and / or may be considered non-cellular communication and / or be associated to a non-cellular wireless communication network). Radio node 10 may 1405  generally be adapted to carry out any of the methods of operating a radio node like a WD or terminal or UE disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules, e.g. software modules. It may be considered that the radio node 10 comprises, and / or is connected or connectable, to a power supply. 1410  Figure 16 schematically show a radio node 100, which may in particular be implemented as a network node 100, for example an eNB or gNB or similar for NR, and which may be an example of a receiver. Radio node 100 comprises processing circuitry (which may also be referred to as control circuitry) 120, which may comprise 1415  a controller connected to a memory. Any module, e.g. transmitting module and / or receiving module and / or configuring module of the node 100 may be implemented in and / or executable by the processing circuitry 120. The processing circuitry 120 is connected to control radio circuitry 122 of the node 100, which provides receiver and transmitter and / or transceiver functionality (e.g., comprising one or more transmitters P111913WO01  43 / 86  1420  and / or receivers and / or transceivers). An antenna circuitry 124 may be connected or connectable to radio circuitry 122 for signal reception or transmittance and / or amplification. Node 100 may be adapted to carry out any of the methods for operating a radio node or network node disclosed herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules. The antenna 1425  circuitry 124 may be connected to and / or comprise an antenna array. The node 100, respectively its circuitry, may be adapted to perform any of the methods of operating a network node or a radio node as described herein; in particular, it may comprise corresponding circuitry, e.g. processing circuitry, and / or modules. The radio node 100 may generally comprise communication circuitry, e.g. for communication with another 1430  network node, like a radio node, and / or with a core network and / or an internet or local net, in particular with an information system, which may provide information and / or data to be transmitted to a user equipment. The term “receiver” may be considered with broad meaning, e.g., to refer to an entity 1435  like a device and / or radio node and / or arrangement and / or circuitry and / or algorithm for receiving signalling, e.g., certain transmitted data, and / or for detecting and / or monitoring for and / or decoding and / or demodulating the signalling and / or transmitted data; signalling and / or transmitted data may be transmitted by a transmitter, which may be another entity like a device and / or radio node and / or arrangement and / or 1440  circuitry and / or algorithm for transmitting signalling, e.g., certain transmitted data. In general, a device or arrangement or node or entity may encompass both a transmitter and a receiver and / or corresponding functionality; in general, a transmitter of specific signalling and / or transmitted data may be considered to be a different entity of the receiver of such. 1445  In some cases, a transmitter may be represented by, and / or be part of, and / or be associated to, a wireless device. A receiver may for example be represented by, and / or be part of, and / or be associated to, a network node. However, cases in which a transmitter corresponds to a network node, and / or a receiver corresponds to a 1450  wireless device may be considered. Communicating may comprise transmitting or receiving. It may be considered that communicating like transmitting signalling is based on a SC-FDM based waveform, P111913WO01  44 / 86  and / or corresponds to a Frequency Domain Filtered (FDF) DFTS-OFDM waveform. 1455  However, the approaches may be applied to a Single Carrier based waveform, e.g. a SC-FDM or SC-FDE-waveform, which may be pulse-shaped / FDF-based. It should be noted that SC-FDM may be considered DFT-spread OFDM, such that SC-FDM and DFTS-OFDM may be used interchangeably. Alternatively, or additionally, the signalling (e.g., first signalling and / or second signalling) and / or beam / s (in particular, 1460  the first received beam and / or second received beam) may be based on a waveform with CP or comparable guard time. The received beam and the transmission beam of the first beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial extensions; the received beam and the transmission beam of the second beam pair may have the same (or similar) or different angular and / or spatial extensions. It may 1465  be considered that the received beam and / or transmission beam of the first and / or second beam pair have angular extension of 20 degrees or less, or 15 degrees or less, or 10 or 5 degrees or less, at least in one of horizontal or vertical direction, or both; different beams may have different angular extensions. An extended guard interval or switching protection interval may have a duration corresponding to essentially or at 1470  least N CP (cyclic prefix) durations or equivalent duration, wherein N may be 2, or 3 or 4. An equivalent to a CP duration may represent the CP duration associated to signalling with CP (e.g., SC-FDM-based or OFDM-based) for a waveform without CP with the same or similar symbol time duration as the signalling with CP. Pulse-shaping (and / or performing FDF for) a modulation symbol and / or signalling, e.g. associated to 1475  a first subcarrier or bandwidth, may comprise mapping the modulation symbol (and / or the sample associated to it after FFT) to an associated second subcarrier or part of the bandwidth, and / or applying a shaping operation regarding the power and / or amplitude and / or phase of the modulation symbol on the first subcarrier and the second subcarrier, wherein the shaping operation may be according to a shaping 1480  function. Pulse-shaping signalling may comprise pulse-shaping one or more symbols; pulse-shaped signalling may in general comprise at least one pulse-shaped symbol. Pulse-shaping may be performed based on a Nyquist-filter. It may be considered that pulse-shaping is performed based on periodically extending a frequency distribution of modulation symbols (and / or associated samples after FFT) over a first number of 1485  subcarrier to a larger, second number of subcarriers, wherein a subset of the first number of subcarriers from one end of the frequency distribution is appended at the other end of the first number of subcarriers. P111913WO01  45 / 86  In some variants, communicating may be based on a numerology (which may, e.g., 1490  be represented by and / or correspond to and / or indicate a subcarrier spacing and / or symbol time length) and / or an SC-FDM based waveform (including a FDF-DFTS-FDM based waveform) or a single-carrier based waveform. Whether to use pulse-shaping or FDF on a SC-FDM or SC-based waveform may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., MCS) used. Such waveforms may utilise a cyclic prefix and / or benefit particularly 1495  from the described approaches. Communicating may comprise and / or be based on beamforming, e.g. transmission beamforming and / or reception beamforming, respectively. It may be considered that a beam is produced by performing analog beamforming to provide the beam, e.g. a beam corresponding to a reference beam. Thus, signalling may be adapted, e.g. based on movement of the communication 1500  partner. A beam may for example be produced by performing analog beamforming to provide a beam corresponding to a reference beam. This allows efficient postprocessing of a digitally formed beam, without requiring changes to a digital beamforming chain and / or without requiring changes to a standard defining beam forming precoders. In general, a beam may be produced by hybrid beamforming, 1505  and / or by digital beamforming, e.g. based on a precoder. This facilitates easy processing of beams, and / or limits the number of power amplifiers / ADC / DCA required for antenna arrangements. It may be considered that a beam is produced by hybrid beamforming, e.g. by analog beamforming performed on a beam representation or beam formed based on digital beamforming. Monitoring and / or performing cell search 1510  may be based on reception beamforming, e.g. analog or digital or hybrid reception beamforming. The numerology may determine the length of a symbol time interval and / or the duration of a cyclic prefix. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable to SC-FDM, to ensure orthogonality, in particular subcarrier orthogonality, in corresponding systems, but may be used for other waveforms. Communicating may 1515  comprise utilising a waveform with cyclic prefix. The cyclic prefix may be based on a numerology, and may help keeping signalling orthogonal. Communicating may comprise, and / or be based on performing cell search, e.g. for a wireless device or terminal, or may comprise transmitting cell identifying signalling and / or a selection indication, based on which a radio node receiving the selection indication may select 1520  a signalling bandwidth from a set of signalling bandwidths for performing cell search. P111913WO01  46 / 86  A beam or beam pair may in general be targeted at one radio node, or a group of radio nodes and / or an area including one or more radio nodes. In many cases, a beam or beam pair may be receiver-specific (e.g., UE-specific), such that only one radio node 1525  is served per beam / beam pair. A beam pair switch or switch of received beam (e.g., by using a different reception beam) and / or transmission beam may be performed at a border of a transmission timing structure, e.g. a slot border, or within a slot, for example between symbols Some tuning of radio circuitry, e.g. for receiving and / or transmitting, may be performed. Beam pair switching may comprise switching from a 1530  second received beam to a first received beam, and / or from a second transmission beam to a first transmission beam. Switching may comprise inserting a guard period to cover retuning time; however, circuitry may be adapted to switch sufficiently quickly to essentially be instantaneous; this may in particular be the case when digital reception beamforming is used to switch reception beams for switching received 1535  beams. A reference beam may be a beam comprising reference signalling, based on which for example a of beam signalling characteristics may be determined, e.g. measured and / or estimated. A signalling beam may comprise signalling like control signalling 1540  and / or data signalling and / or reference signalling. A reference beam may be transmitted by a source or transmitting radio node, in which case one or more beam signalling characteristics may be reported to it from a receiver, e.g. a wireless device. However, in some cases it may be received by the radio node from another radio node or wireless device. In this case, one or more beam signalling characteristics may be 1545  determined by the radio node. A signalling beam may be a transmission beam, or a reception beam. A set of signalling characteristics may comprise a plurality of subsets of beam signalling characteristics, each subset pertaining to a different reference beam. Thus, a reference beam may be associated to different beam signalling characteristics. 1550  A beam signalling characteristic, respectively a set of such characteristics, may represent and / or indicate a signal strength and / or signal quality of a beam and / or a delay characteristic and / or be associated with received and / or measured signalling carried on a beam. Beam signalling characteristics and / or delay characteristics may 1555  in particular pertain to, and / or indicate, a number and / or list and / or order of beams with P111913WO01  47 / 86  best (e.g., lowest mean delay and / or lowest spread / range) timing or delay spread, and / or of strongest and / or best quality beams, e.g. with associated delay spread. A beam signalling characteristic may be based on measurement / s performed on reference signalling carried on the reference beam it pertains to. The measurement / s 1560  may be performed by the radio node, or another node or wireless device. The use of reference signalling allows improved accuracy and / or gauging of the measurements. In some cases, a beam and / or beam pair may be represented by a beam identity indication, e.g. a beam or beam pair number. Such an indication may be represented by one or more signalling sequences (e.g., a specific reference signalling sequences 1565  or sequences), which may be transmitted on the beam and / or beam pair, and / or a signalling characteristic and / or a resource / s used (e.g., time / frequency and / or code) and / or a specific RNTI (e.g., used for scrambling a CRC for some messages or transmissions) and / or by information provided in signalling, e.g. control signalling and / or system signalling, on the beam and / or beam pair, e.g. encoded and / or provided 1570  in an information field or as information element in some form of message of signalling, e.g. DCI and / or MAC and / or RRC signalling. A reference beam may in general be one of a set of reference beams, the second set of reference beams being associated to the set of signalling beams. The sets being 1575  associated may refer to at least one beam of the first set being associated and / or corresponding to the second set (or vice versa), e.g. being based on it, for example by having the same analog or digital beamforming parameters and / or precoder and / or the same shape before analog beamforming, and / or being a modified form thereof, e.g. by performing additional analog beamforming. The set of signalling beams may 1580  be referred to as a first set of beams, a set of corresponding reference beams may be referred to as second set of beams. Communicating utilising a beam pair or a beam may comprise receiving signalling on a received beam (which may be a beam of a beam pair), and / or transmitting signalling 1585  on a beam, e.g. a beam of a beam pair. The following terms are to be interpreted from the point of view of the referred radio node: a received beam may be a beam carrying signalling received by the radio node (for reception, the radio node may use a reception beam, e.g. directed to the received beam, or be non-beamformed). A transmission beam may be a beam used by the radio node to transmit signalling. A P111913WO01  48 / 86  1590  beam pair may consist of a received beam and a transmission beam. The transmission beam and the received beam of a beam pair may be associated to each and / or correspond to each other, e.g. such that signalling on the received beam and signalling on a transmission beam travel essentially the same path (but in opposite directions), e.g. at least in a stationary or almost stationary condition. It should be noted that the 1595  terms “first” and “second” do not necessarily denote an order in time; a second signalling may be received and / or transmitted before, or in some cases simultaneous to, first signalling, or vice versa. The received beam and transmission beam of a beam pair may be on the same carrier or frequency range or bandwidth part, e.g. in a TDD operation; however, variants with FDD may be considered as well. Different beam 1600  pairs may operate on the same frequency ranges or carriers or bandwidth parts (e.g., such that transmission beams operate on the same frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part, and received beams on the same frequency range or carriers or bandwidth part (the transmission beam and received beams may be on the same or different ranges or carriers or BWPs). Communicating utilizing a first beam pair and / or 1605  first beam may be based on, and / or comprise, switching from the second beam pair or second beam to the first beam pair or first beam for communicating. The switching may be controlled by the network, for example a network node (which may be the source or transmitter of the received beam of the first beam pair and / or second beam pair, or be associated thereto, for example associated transmission points or nodes in 1610  dual connectivity). Such controlling may comprise transmitting control signalling, e.g. physical layer signalling and / or higher layer signalling. In some cases, the switching may be performed by the radio node without additional control signalling, for example based on measurements on signal quality and / or signal strength of beam pairs (e.g., of first and second received beams), in particular the first beam pair and / or the second 1615  beam pair. For example, it may be switched to the first beam pair (or first beam) if the signal quality or signal strength measured on the second beam pair (or second beam) is considered to be insufficient, and / or worse than corresponding measurements on the first beam pair indicate. Measurements performed on a beam pair (or beam) may in particular comprise measurements performed on a received beam of the beam pair. 1620  It may be considered that the timing indication may be determined before switching from the second beam pair to the first beam pair for communicating. Thus, the synchronization may be in place 8and / or the timing indication may be available for synchronising) when starting communication utilizing the first beam pair or first beam. P111913WO01  49 / 86  However, in some cases the timing indication may be determined after switching to 1625  the first beam pair or first beam. This may be in particular useful if first signalling is expected to be received after the switching only, for example based on a periodicity or scheduled timing of suitable reference signalling on the first beam pair, e.g. first received beam. 1630  In some variants, reference signalling may be and / or comprise CSI-RS, e.g. transmitted by the network node. In other variants, the reference signalling may be transmitted by a UE, e.g. to a network node or other UE, in which case it may comprise and / or be Sounding Reference Signalling. Other, e.g. new, forms of reference signalling may be considered and / or used. In general, a modulation symbol of 1635  reference signalling respectively a resource element carrying it may be associated to a cyclic prefix. Data signalling may be on a data channel, for example on a PDSCH or PSSCH or PUSCH, or on a dedicated data channel, e.g. for low latency and / or high reliability, 1640  e.g. a URLLC channel. Control signalling may be on a control channel, for example on a common control channel or a PDCCH or PSCCH or PUCCH, and / or comprise one or more DCI messages or SCI messages. Reference signalling may be associated to control signalling and / or data signalling, e.g. DM-RS and / or PT-RS. 1645  Reference signalling, for example, may comprise DM-RS and / or pilot signalling and / or discovery signalling and / or synchronisation signalling and / or sounding signalling and / or phase tracking signalling and / or cell-specific reference signalling and / or user- specific signalling, in particular CSI-RS. Reference signalling in general may be signalling with one or more signalling characteristics, in particular transmission power 1650  and / or sequence of modulation symbols and / or resource distribution and / or phase distribution known to the receiver. Thus, the receiver can use the reference signalling as a reference and / or for training and / or for compensation. The receiver can be informed about the reference signalling by the transmitter, e.g. being configured and / or signalling with control signalling, in particular physical layer signalling and / or higher 1655  layer signalling (e.g., DCI and / or RRC signalling), and / or may determine the corresponding information itself, e.g. a network node configuring a UE to transmit reference signalling. Reference signalling may be signalling comprising one or more P111913WO01  50 / 86  reference symbols and / or structures. Reference signalling may be adapted for gauging and / or estimating and / or representing transmission conditions, e.g. channel conditions 1660  and / or transmission path conditions and / or channel (or signal or transmission) quality. It may be considered that the transmission characteristics (e.g., signal strength and / or form and / or modulation and / or timing) of reference signalling are available for both transmitter and receiver of the signalling (e.g., due to being predefined and / or configured or configurable and / or being communicated). Different types of reference1665  signalling may be considered, e.g. pertaining to uplink, downlink or sidelink, cell- specific (in particular, cell-wide, e.g., CRS) or device or user specific (addressed to a specific target or user equipment, e.g., CSI-RS), demodulation-related (e.g., DMRS) and / or signal strength related, e.g. power-related or energy-related or amplitude- related (e.g., SRS or pilot signalling) and / or phase-related, etc. 1670  References to specific resource structures like an allocation unit and / or block symbol and / or block symbol group and / or transmission timing structure and / or symbol and / or slot and / or mini-slot and / or subcarrier and / or carrier may pertain to a specific numerology, which may be predefined and / or configured or configurable. A 1675  transmission timing structure may represent a time interval, which may cover one or more symbols. Some examples of a transmission timing structure are transmission time interval (TTI), subframe, slot and mini-slot. A slot may comprise a predetermined, e.g. predefined and / or configured or configurable, number of symbols, e.g.6 or 7, or 12 or 14. A mini-slot may comprise a number of symbols (which may in particular be 1680  configurable or configured) smaller than the number of symbols of a slot, in particular 1, 2, 3 or 4, or more symbols, e.g. less symbols than symbols in a slot. A transmission timing structure may cover a time interval of a specific length, which may be dependent on symbol time length and / or cyclic prefix used. A transmission timing structure may pertain to, and / or cover, a specific time interval in a time stream, e.g. synchronized for 1685  communication. Timing structures used and / or scheduled for transmission, e.g. slot and / or mini-slots, may be scheduled in relation to, and / or synchronized to, a timing structure provided and / or defined by other transmission timing structures. Such transmission timing structures may define a timing grid, e.g., with symbol time intervals within individual structures representing the smallest timing units. Such a timing grid 1690  may for example be defined by slots or subframes (wherein in some cases, subframes may be considered specific variants of slots). A transmission timing structure may P111913WO01  51 / 86  have a duration (length in time) determined based on the durations of its symbols, possibly in addition to cyclic prefix / es used. The symbols of a transmission timing structure may have the same duration, or may in some variants have different duration. 1695  The number of symbols in a transmission timing structure may be predefined and / or configured or configurable, and / or be dependent on numerology. The timing of a mini- slot may generally be configured or configurable, in particular by the network and / or a network node. The timing may be configurable to start and / or end at any symbol of the transmission timing structure, in particular one or more slots. 1700  A transmission quality parameter may in general correspond to the number R of retransmissions and / or number T of total transmissions, and / or coding (e.g., number of coding bits, e.g. for error detection coding and / or error correction coding like FEC coding) and / or code rate and / or BLER and / or BER requirements and / or transmission 1705  power level (e.g., minimum level and / or target level and / or base power level P0 and / or transmission power control command, TPC, step size) and / or signal quality, e.g. SNR and / or SIR and / or SINR and / or power density and / or energy density. A transmission quality parameter may be considered an example of a KPI. 1710  There is generally considered a program product comprising instructions adapted for causing processing and / or control circuitry to carry out and / or control any method described herein, in particular when executed on the processing and / or control circuitry. Also, there is considered a carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product as described herein. 1715  A carrier medium arrangement may comprise one or more carrier media. Generally, a carrier medium may be accessible and / or readable and / or receivable by processing or control circuitry. Storing data and / or a program product and / or code may be seen as part of carrying data and / or a program product and / or code. A carrier medium 1720  generally may comprise a guiding / transporting medium and / or a storage medium. A guiding / transporting medium may be adapted to carry and / or carry and / or store signals, in particular electromagnetic signals and / or electrical signals and / or magnetic signals and / or optical signals. A carrier medium, in particular a guiding / transporting medium, may be adapted to guide such signals to carry them. A carrier medium, in 1725  particular a guiding / transporting medium, may comprise the electromagnetic field, e.g. P111913WO01  52 / 86  radio waves or microwaves, and / or optically transmissive material, e.g. glass fiber, and / or cable. A storage medium may comprise at least one of a memory, which may be volatile or non-volatile, a buffer, a cache, an optical disc, magnetic memory, flash memory, etc. 1730  A system comprising one or more radio nodes as described herein, in particular a network node and a user equipment, is described. The system may be a wireless communication system, and / or provide and / or represent a radio access network. 1735  Moreover, there may be generally considered a method of operating an information system, the method comprising providing information. Alternatively, or additionally, an information system adapted for providing information may be considered. Providing information may comprise providing information for, and / or to, a target system, which may comprise and / or be implemented as radio access network and / or a radio node, 1740  in particular a network node or user equipment or terminal. Providing information may comprise transferring and / or streaming and / or sending and / or passing on the information, and / or offering the information for such and / or for download, and / or triggering such providing, e.g. by triggering a different system or node to stream and / or transfer and / or send and / or pass on the information. The information system may 1745  comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to, a target, for example via one or more intermediate systems, e.g. a core network and / or internet and / or private or local network. Information may be provided utilising and / or via such intermediate system / s. Providing information may be for radio transmission and / or for transmission via an air interface and / or utilising a RAN or radio node as described herein. Connecting the 1750  information system to a target, and / or providing information, may be based on a target indication, and / or adaptive to a target indication. A target indication may indicate the target, and / or one or more parameters of transmission pertaining to the target and / or the paths or connections over which the information is provided to the target. Such parameter / s may in particular pertain to the air interface and / or radio access network 1755  and / or radio node and / or network node. Example parameters may indicate for example type and / or nature of the target, and / or transmission capacity (e.g., data rate) and / or latency and / or reliability and / or cost, respectively one or more estimates thereof. The target indication may be provided by the target, or determined by the information system, e.g. based on information received from the target and / or P111913WO01  53 / 86  1760  historical information, and / or be provided by a user, for example a user operating the target or a device in communication with the target, e.g. via the RAN and / or air interface. For example, a user may indicate on a user equipment communicating with the information system that information is to be provided via a RAN, e.g. by selecting from a selection provided by the information system, for example on a user application 1765  or user interface, which may be a web interface. An information system may comprise one or more information nodes. An information node may generally comprise processing circuitry and / or communication circuitry. In particular, an information system and / or an information node may be implemented as a computer and / or a computer arrangement, e.g. a host computer or host computer arrangement and / or 1770  server or server arrangement. In some variants, an interaction server (e.g., web server) of the information system may provide a user interface, and based on user input may trigger transmitting and / or streaming information provision to the user (and / or the target) from another server, which may be connected or connectable to the interaction server and / or be part of the information system or be connected or 1775  connectable thereto. The information may be any kind of data, in particular data intended for a user of for use at a terminal, e.g. video data and / or audio data and / or location data and / or interactive data and / or game-related data and / or environmental data and / or technical data and / or traffic data and / or vehicular data and / or circumstantial data and / or operational data. The information provided by the 1780  information system may be mapped to, and / or mappable to, and / or be intended for mapping to, communication or data signalling and / or one or more data channels as described herein (which may be signalling or channel / s of an air interface and / or used within a RAN and / or for radio transmission). It may be considered that the information is formatted based on the target indication and / or target, e.g. regarding data amount 1785  and / or data rate and / or data structure and / or timing, which in particular may be pertaining to a mapping to communication or data signalling and / or a data channel. Mapping information to data signalling and / or data channel / s may be considered to refer to using the signalling / channel / s to carry the data, e.g. on higher layers of communication, with the signalling / channel / s underlying the transmission. A target 1790  indication generally may comprise different components, which may have different sources, and / or which may indicate different characteristics of the target and / or communication path / s thereto. A format of information may be specifically selected, e.g. from a set of different formats, for information to be transmitted on an air interface P111913WO01  54 / 86  and / or by a RAN as described herein. This may be particularly pertinent since an air 1795  interface may be limited in terms of capacity and / or of predictability, and / or potentially be cost sensitive. The format may be selected to be adapted to the transmission indication, which may in particular indicate that a RAN or radio node as described herein is in the path (which may be the indicated and / or planned and / or expected path) of information between the target and the information system. A (communication) 1800  path of information may represent the interface / s (e.g., air and / or cable interfaces) and / or the intermediate system / s (if any), between the information system and / or the node providing or transferring the information, and the target, over which the information is, or is to be, passed on. A path may be (at least partly) undetermined when a target indication is provided, and / or the information is provided / transferred by 1805  the information system, e.g. if an internet is involved, which may comprise multiple, dynamically chosen paths. Information and / or a format used for information may be packet-based, and / or be mapped, and / or be mappable and / or be intended for mapping, to packets. Alternatively, or additionally, there may be considered a method for operating a target device comprising providing a target indicating to an information 1810  system. More alternatively, or additionally, a target device may be considered, the target device being adapted for providing a target indication to an information system. In another approach, there may be considered a target indication tool adapted for, and / or comprising an indication module for, providing a target indication to an information system. The target device may generally be a target as described above. 1815  A target indication tool may comprise, and / or be implemented as, software and / or application or app, and / or web interface or user interface, and / or may comprise one or more modules for implementing actions performed and / or controlled by the tool. The tool and / or target device may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving a user input, based on which a target indicating may be determined and / or 1820  provided. Alternatively, or additionally, the tool and / or target device may be adapted for, and / or the method may comprise, receiving information and / or communication signalling carrying information, and / or operating on, and / or presenting (e.g., on a screen and / or as audio or as other form of indication), information. The information may be based on received information and / or communication signalling carrying 1825  information. Presenting information may comprise processing received information, e.g. decoding and / or transforming, in particular between different formats, and / or for hardware used for presenting. Operating on information may be independent of or P111913WO01  55 / 86  without presenting, and / or proceed or succeed presenting, and / or may be without user interaction or even user reception, for example for automatic processes, or target 1830  devices without (e.g., regular) user interaction like MTC devices, of for automotive or transport or industrial use. The information or communication signalling may be expected and / or received based on the target indication. Presenting and / or operating on information may generally comprise one or more processing steps, in particular decoding and / or executing and / or interpreting and / or transforming information. 1835  Operating on information may generally comprise relaying and / or transmitting the information, e.g. on an air interface, which may include mapping the information onto signalling (such mapping may generally pertain to one or more layers, e.g. one or more layers of an air interface, e.g. RLC (Radio Link Control) layer and / or MAC layer and / or physical layer / s). The information may be imprinted (or mapped) on communication 1840  signalling based on the target indication, which may make it particularly suitable for use in a RAN (e.g., for a target device like a network node or in particular a UE or terminal). The tool may generally be adapted for use on a target device, like a UE or terminal. Generally, the tool may provide multiple functionalities, e.g. for providing and / or selecting the target indication, and / or presenting, e.g. video and / or audio, 1845  and / or operating on and / or storing received information. Providing a target indication may comprise transmitting or transferring the indication as signalling, and / or carried on signalling, in a RAN, for example if the target device is a UE, or the tool for a UE. It should be noted that such provided information may be transferred to the information system via one or more additionally communication interfaces and / or paths and / or 1850  connections. The target indication may be a higher-layer indication and / or the information provided by the information system may be higher-layer information, e.g. application layer or user-layer, in particular above radio layers like transport layer and physical layer. The target indication may be mapped on physical layer radio signalling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane, and / or the information may be mapped on physical 1855  layer radio communication signalling, e.g. related to or on the user-plane (in particular, in reverse communication directions). The described approaches allow a target indication to be provided, facilitating information to be provided in a specific format particularly suitable and / or adapted to efficiently use an air interface. A user input may for example represent a selection from a plurality of possible transmission modes or 1860  formats, and / or paths, e.g. in terms of data rate and / or packaging and / or size of information to be provided by the information system. P111913WO01  56 / 86  In general, a numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may indicate the bandwidth (in frequency domain) of a subcarrier of a carrier, and / or the number of subcarriers in a 1865  carrier and / or the numbering of the subcarriers in a carrier, and / or the symbol time length. Different numerologies may in particular be different in the bandwidth of a subcarrier. In some variants, all the subcarriers in a carrier have the same bandwidth associated to them. The numerology and / or subcarrier spacing may be different between carriers in particular regarding the subcarrier bandwidth. A symbol time 1870  length, and / or a time length of a timing structure pertaining to a carrier may be dependent on the carrier frequency, and / or the subcarrier spacing and / or the numerology. In particular, different numerologies may have different symbol time lengths, even on the same carrier. 1875  Signalling may generally comprise one or more (e.g., modulation) symbols and / or signals and / or messages. A signal may comprise or represent one or more bits. An indication may represent signalling, and / or be implemented as a signal, or as a plurality of signals. One or more signals may be included in and / or represented by a message. Signalling, in particular control signalling, may comprise a plurality of signals 1880  and / or messages, which may be transmitted on different carriers and / or be associated to different signalling processes, e.g. representing and / or pertaining to one or more such processes and / or corresponding information. An indication may comprise signalling, and / or a plurality of signals and / or messages and / or may be comprised therein, which may be transmitted on different carriers and / or be associated to different 1885  acknowledgement signalling processes, e.g. representing and / or pertaining to one or more such processes. Signalling associated to a channel may be transmitted such that represents signalling and / or information for that channel, and / or that the signalling is interpreted by the transmitter and / or receiver to belong to that channel. Such signalling may generally comply with transmission parameters and / or format / s for the 1890  channel. An antenna arrangement may comprise one or more antenna elements (radiating elements), which may be combined in antenna arrays. An antenna array or subarray may comprise one antenna element, or a plurality of antenna elements, which may be 1895  arranged e.g. two dimensionally (for example, a panel) or three dimensionally. It may P111913WO01  57 / 86  be considered that each antenna array or subarray or element is separately controllable, respectively that different antenna arrays are controllable separately from each other. A single antenna element / radiator may be considered the smallest example of a subarray. Examples of antenna arrays comprise one or more multi- 1900  antenna panels or one or more individually controllable antenna elements. An antenna arrangement may comprise a plurality of antenna arrays. It may be considered that an antenna arrangement is associated to a (specific and / or single) radio node, e.g. a configuring or informing or scheduling radio node, e.g. to be controlled or controllable by the radio node. An antenna arrangement associated to a UE or terminal may be 1905  smaller (e.g., in size and / or number of antenna elements or arrays) than the antenna arrangement associated to a network node. Antenna elements of an antenna arrangement may be configurable for different arrays, e.g. to change the beamforming characteristics. In particular, antenna arrays may be formed by combining one or more independently or separately controllable antenna elements or subarrays. The beams 1910  may be provided by analog beamforming, or in some variants by digital beamforming, or by hybrid beamforming combing analog and digital beamforming. The informing radio nodes may be configured with the manner of beam transmission, e.g. by transmitting a corresponding indicator or indication, for example as beam identify indication. However, there may be considered cases in which the informing radio 1915  node / s are not configured with such information, and / or operate transparently, not knowing the way of beamforming used. An antenna arrangement may be considered separately controllable in regard to the phase and / or amplitude / power and / or gain of a signal feed to it for transmission, and / or separately controllable antenna arrangements may comprise an independent or separate transmit and / or receive unit1920  and / or ADC (Analog-Digital-Converter, alternatively an ADC chain) or DCA (Digital-to- Analog Converter, alternatively a DCA chain) to convert digital control information into an analog antenna feed for the whole antenna arrangement (the ADC / DCA may be considered part of, and / or connected or connectable to, antenna circuitry) or vice versa. A scenario in which an ADC or DCA is controlled directly for beamforming may 1925  be considered an analog beamforming scenario; such controlling may be performed after encoding / decoding and7or after modulation symbols have been mapped to resource elements. This may be on the level of antenna arrangements using the same ADC / DCA, e.g. one antenna element or a group of antenna elements associated to the same ADC / DCA. Digital beamforming may correspond to a scenario in which P111913WO01  58 / 86  1930  processing for beamforming is provided before feeding signalling to the ADC / DCA, e.g. by using one or more precoder / s and / or by precoding information, for example before and / or when mapping modulation symbols to resource elements. Such a precoder for beamforming may provide weights, e.g. for amplitude and / or phase, and / or may be based on a (precoder) codebook, e.g. selected from a codebook. A 1935  precoder may pertain to one beam or more beams, e.g. defining the beam or beams. The codebook may be configured or configurable, and / or be predefined. DFT beamforming may be considered a form of digital beamforming, wherein a DFT procedure is used to form one or more beams. Hybrid forms of beamforming may be considered. 1940  A beam may be defined by a spatial and / or angular and / or spatial angular distribution of radiation and / or a spatial angle (also referred to as solid angle) or spatial (solid) angle distribution into which radiation is transmitted (for transmission beamforming) or from which it is received (for reception beamforming). Reception beamforming may 1945  comprise only accepting signals coming in from a reception beam (e.g., using analog beamforming to not receive outside reception beam / s), and / or sorting out signals that do not come in in a reception beam, e.g. in digital postprocessing, e.g. digital beamforming. A beam may have a solid angle equal to or smaller than 4*pi sr (4*pi correspond to a beam covering all directions), in particular smaller than 2* pi, or pi, or 1950  pi / 2, or pi / 4 or pi / 8 or pi / 16. In particular for high frequencies, smaller beams may be used. Different beams may have different directions and / or sizes (e.g., solid angle and / or reach). A beam may have a main direction, which may be defined by a main lobe (e.g., center of the main lobe, e.g. pertaining to signal strength and / or solid angle, which may be averaged and / or weighted to determine the direction), and may have 1955  one or more sidelobes. A lobe may generally be defined to have a continuous or contiguous distribution of energy and / or power transmitted and / or received, e.g. bounded by one or more contiguous or contiguous regions of zero energy (or practically zero energy). A main lobe may comprise the lobe with the largest signal strength and / or energy and / or power content. However, sidelobes usually appear due 1960  to limitations of beamforming, some of which may carry signals with significant strength, and may cause multi-path effects. A sidelobe may generally have a different direction than a main lobe and / or other side lobes, however, due to reflections a sidelobe still may contribute to transmitted and / or received energy or power. A beam P111913WO01  59 / 86  may be swept and / or switched over time, e.g., such that its (main) direction is changed, 1965  but its shape (angular / solid angle distribution) around the main direction is not changed, e.g. from the transmitter's views for a transmission beam, or the receiver's view for a reception beam, respectively. Sweeping may correspond to continuous or near continuous change of main direction (e.g., such that after each change, the main lobe from before the change covers at least partly the main lobe after the change, e.g. 1970  at least to 50 or 75 or 90 percent). Switching may correspond to switching direction non-continuously, e.g. such that after each change, the main lobe from before the change does not cover the main lobe after the change, e.g. at most to 50 or 25 or 10 percent. 1975  Signal strength may be a representation of signal power and / or signal energy, e.g. as seen from a transmitting node or a receiving node. A beam with larger strength at transmission (e.g., according to the beamforming used) than another beam does may not necessarily have larger strength at the receiver, and vice versa, for example due to interference and / or obstruction and / or dispersion and / or absorption and / or reflection 1980  and / or attrition or other effects influencing a beam or the signalling it carries. Signal quality may in general be a representation of how well a signal may be received over noise and / or interference. A beam with better signal quality than another beam does not necessarily have a larger beam strength than the other beam. Signal quality may be represented for example by SIR, SNR, SINR, BER, BLER, Energy per resource 1985  element over noise / interference or another corresponding quality measure. Signal quality and / or signal strength may pertain to, and / or may be measured with respect to, a beam, and / or specific signalling carried by the beam, e.g. reference signalling and / or a specific channel, e.g. a data channel or control channel. Signal strength may be represented by received signal strength, and / or relative signal strength, e.g. in 1990  comparison to a reference signal (strength). Uplink or sidelink signalling may be OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) or SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access) signalling. Downlink signalling may in particular be OFDMA signalling. However, signalling is not 1995  limited thereto (Filter-Bank based signalling and / or Single-Carrier based signalling, e.g. SC-FDE signalling, may be considered alternatives). P111913WO01  60 / 86  A radio node may generally be considered a device or node adapted for wireless and / or radio (and / or millimeter wave) frequency communication, and / or for 2000  communication utilising an air interface, e.g. according to a communication standard. A radio node may be a network node, or a user equipment or terminal. A network node may be any radio node of a wireless communication network, e.g. a base station and / or gNodeB (gNB) and / or eNodeB (eNB) and / or relay node and / or 2005  micro / nano / pico / femto node and / or transmission point (TP) and / or access point (AP) and / or other node, in particular for a RAN or other wireless communication network as described herein. The terms user equipment (UE) and terminal may be considered to be interchangeable 2010  in the context of this disclosure. A wireless device, user equipment or terminal may represent an end device for communication utilising the wireless communication network, and / or be implemented as a user equipment according to a standard. Examples of user equipments may comprise a phone like a smartphone, a personal communication device, a mobile phone or terminal, a computer, in particular laptop, a 2015  sensor or machine with radio capability (and / or adapted for the air interface), in particular for MTC (Machine-Type-Communication, sometimes also referred to M2M, Machine-To-Machine), or a vehicle adapted for wireless communication. A user equipment or terminal may be mobile or stationary. A wireless device generally may comprise, and / or be implemented as, processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry, which 2020  may comprise one or more chips or sets of chips. The circuitry and / or circuitries may be packaged, e.g. in a chip housing, and / or may have one or more physical interfaces to interact with other circuitry and / or for power supply. Such a wireless device may be intended for use in a user equipment or terminal. 2025  A radio node may generally comprise processing circuitry and / or radio circuitry. A radio node, in particular a network node, may in some cases comprise cable circuitry and / or communication circuitry, with which it may be connected or connectable to another radio node and / or a core network. 2030  Circuitry may comprise integrated circuitry. Processing circuitry may comprise one or more processors and / or controllers (e.g., microcontrollers), and / or ASICs (Application P111913WO01  61 / 86  Specific Integrated Circuitry) and / or FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Array), or similar. It may be considered that processing circuitry comprises, and / or is (operatively) connected or connectable to one or more memories or memory 2035  arrangements. A memory arrangement may comprise one or more memories. A memory may be adapted to store digital information. Examples for memories comprise volatile and non-volatile memory, and / or Random Access Memory (RAM), and / or Read-Only-Memory (ROM), and / or magnetic and / or optical memory, and / or flash memory, and / or hard disk memory, and / or EPROM or EEPROM (Erasable 2040  Programmable ROM or Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM). Radio circuitry may comprise one or more transmitters and / or receivers and / or transceivers (a transceiver may operate or be operable as transmitter and receiver, and / or may comprise joint or separated circuitry for receiving and transmitting, e.g. in 2045  one package or housing), and / or may comprise one or more amplifiers and / or oscillators and / or filters, and / or may comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to antenna circuitry and / or one or more antennas and / or antenna arrays. An antenna array may comprise one or more antennas, which may be arranged in a dimensional array, e.g.2D or 3D array, and / or antenna panels. A remote radio head (RRH) may 2050  be considered as an example of an antenna array. However, in some variants, an RRH may also be implemented as a network node, depending on the kind of circuitry and / or functionality implemented therein. Communication circuitry may comprise radio circuitry and / or cable circuitry. 2055  Communication circuitry generally may comprise one or more interfaces, which may be air interface / s and / or cable interface / s and / or optical interface / s, e.g. laser-based. Interface / s may be in particular packet-based. Cable circuitry and / or a cable interfaces may comprise, and / or be connected or connectable to, one or more cables (e.g., optical fiber-based and / or wire-based), which may be directly or indirectly (e.g., via 2060  one or more intermediate systems and / or interfaces) be connected or connectable to a target, e.g. controlled by communication circuitry and / or processing circuitry. Any one or all of the modules disclosed herein may be implemented in software and / or firmware and / or hardware. Different modules may be associated to different 2065  components of a radio node, e.g. different circuitries or different parts of a circuitry. It P111913WO01  62 / 86  may be considered that a module is distributed over different components and / or circuitries. A program product as described herein may comprise the modules related to a device on which the program product is intended (e.g., a user equipment or network node) to be executed (the execution may be performed on, and / or controlled 2070  by the associated circuitry). A wireless communication network may be or comprise a radio access network and / or a backhaul network (e.g. a relay or backhaul network or an IAB network), and / or a Radio Access Network (RAN) in particular according to a communication standard. A 2075  communication standard may in particular a standard according to 3GPP and / or 5G, e.g. according to NR or LTE, in particular LTE Evolution. A wireless communication network may be and / or comprise a Radio Access Network (RAN), which may be and / or comprise any kind of cellular and / or wireless radio 2080  network, which may be connected or connectable to a core network. The approaches described herein are particularly suitable for a 5G network, e.g. LTE Evolution and / or NR (New Radio), respectively successors thereof. A RAN may comprise one or more network nodes, and / or one or more terminals, and / or one or more radio nodes. A network node may in particular be a radio node adapted for radio and / or wireless 2085  and / or cellular communication with one or more terminals. A terminal may be any device adapted for radio and / or wireless and / or cellular communication with or within a RAN, e.g. a user equipment (UE) or mobile phone or smartphone or computing device or vehicular communication device or device for machine-type-communication (MTC), etc. A terminal may be mobile, or in some cases stationary. A RAN or a 2090  wireless communication network may comprise at least one network node and a UE, or at least two radio nodes. There may be generally considered a wireless communication network or system, e.g. a RAN or RAN system, comprising at least one radio node, and / or at least one network node and at least one terminal. 2095  Transmitting in downlink may pertain to transmission from the network or network node to the terminal. Transmitting in uplink may pertain to transmission from the terminal to the network or network node. Transmitting in sidelink may pertain to (direct) transmission from one terminal to another. Uplink, downlink and sidelink (e.g., sidelink transmission and reception) may be considered communication directions. In some P111913WO01  63 / 86  2100  variants, uplink and downlink may also be used to described wireless communication between network nodes, e.g. for wireless backhaul and / or relay communication and / or (wireless) network communication for example between base stations or similar network nodes, in particular communication terminating at such. It may be considered that backhaul and / or relay communication and / or network communication is 2105  implemented as a form of sidelink or uplink communication or similar thereto. Control information or a control information message or corresponding signalling (control signalling) may be transmitted on a control channel, e.g. a physical control channel, which may be a downlink channel or (or a sidelink channel in some cases, 2110  e.g. one UE scheduling another UE). For example, control information / allocation information may be signaled by a network node on PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel) and / or a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ- specific channel. Acknowledgement signalling, e.g. as a form of control information or signalling like uplink control information / signalling, may be transmitted by a terminal 2115  on a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and / or PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel) and / or a HARQ-specific channel. Multiple channels may apply for multi-component / multi-carrier indication or signalling. Transmitting acknowledgement signalling may in general be based on and / or in 2120  response to subject transmission, and / or to control signalling scheduling subject transmission. Such control signalling and / or subject signalling may be transmitted by a signalling radio node (which may be a network node, and / or a node associated to it, e.g. in a dual connectivity scenario. Subject transmission and / or subject signalling may be transmission or signalling to which ACK / NACK or acknowledgement information 2125  pertains, e.g. indicating correct or incorrect reception and / or decoding of the subject transmission or signalling. Subject signalling or transmission may in particular comprise and / or be represented by data signalling, e.g. on a PDSCH or PSSCH, or some forms of control signalling, e.g. on a PDCCH or PSSCH, for example for specific formats. 2130  A signalling characteristic may be based on a type or format of a scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment, and / or type of allocation, and / or timing of acknowledgement signalling and / or the scheduling grant and / or scheduling P111913WO01  64 / 86  assignment, and / or resources associated to acknowledgement signalling and / or the 2135  scheduling grant and / or scheduling assignment. For example, if a specific format for a scheduling grant (scheduling or allocating the allocated resources) or scheduling assignment (scheduling the subject transmission for acknowledgement signalling) is used or detected, the first or second communication resource may be used. Type of allocation may pertain to dynamic allocation (e.g., using DCI / PDCCH) or semi-static 2140  allocation (e.g., for a configured grant). Timing of acknowledgement signalling may pertain to a slot and / or symbol / s the signalling is to be transmitted. Resources used for acknowledgement signalling may pertain to the allocated resources. Timing and / or resources associated to a scheduling grant or assignment may represent a search space or CORESET (a set of resources configured for reception of PDCCH 2145  transmissions) in which the grant or assignment is received. Thus, which transmission resource to be used may be based on implicit conditions, requiring low signalling overhead. Scheduling may comprise indicating, e.g. with control signalling like DCI or SCI 2150  signalling and / or signalling on a control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH, one or more scheduling opportunities of a configuration intended to carry data signalling or subject signalling. The configuration may be represented or representable by, and / or correspond to, a table. A scheduling assignment may for example point to an opportunity of the reception allocation configuration, e.g. indexing a table of scheduling 2155  opportunities. In some cases, a reception allocation configuration may comprise 15 or 16 scheduling opportunities. The configuration may in particular represent allocation in time. It may be considered that the reception allocation configuration pertains to data signalling, in particular on a physical data channel like PDSCH or PSSCH. In general, the reception allocation configuration may pertain to downlink signalling, or in 2160  some scenarios to sidelink signalling. Control signalling scheduling subject transmission like data signalling may point and / or index and / or refer to and / or indicate a scheduling opportunity of the reception allocation configuration. It may be considered that the reception allocation configuration is configured or configurable with higher- layer signalling, e.g. RRC or MAC layer signalling. The reception allocation 2165  configuration may be applied and / or applicable and / or valid for a plurality of transmission timing intervals, e.g. such that for each interval, one or more opportunities may be indicated or allocated for data signalling. These approaches P111913WO01  65 / 86  allow efficient and flexible scheduling, which may be semi-static, but may updated or reconfigured on useful timescales in response to changes of operation conditions. 2170  Control information, e.g., in a control information message, in this context may in particular be implemented as and / or represented by a scheduling assignment, which may indicate subject transmission for feedback (transmission of acknowledgement signalling), and / or reporting timing and / or frequency resources and / or code resources. 2175  Reporting timing may indicate a timing for scheduled acknowledgement signalling, e.g. slot and / or symbol and / or resource set. Control information may be carried by control signalling. Subject transmissions may comprise one or more individual transmissions. 2180  Scheduling assignments may comprise one or more scheduling assignments. It should generally be noted that in a distributed system, subject transmissions, configuration and / or scheduling may be provided by different nodes or devices or transmission points. Different subject transmissions may be on the same carrier or different carriers (e.g., in a carrier aggregation), and / or same or different bandwidth parts, and / or on the 2185  same or different layers or beams, e.g. in a MIMO scenario, and / or to same or different ports. Generally, subject transmissions may pertain to different HARQ or ARQ processes (or different sub-processes, e.g. in MIMO with different beams / layers associated to the same process identifier, but different sub-process-identifiers like swap bits). A scheduling assignment and / or a HARQ codebook may indicate a target 2190  HARQ structure. A target HARQ structure may for example indicate an intended HARQ response to a subject transmission, e.g. the number of bits and / or whether to provide code block group level response or not. However, it should be noted that the actual structure used may differ from the target structure, e.g. due to the total size of target structures for a subpattern being larger than the predetermined size. 2195  Signalling may generally be considered to represent an electromagnetic wave structure (e.g., over a time interval and frequency interval), which is intended to convey information to at least one specific or generic (e.g., anyone who might pick up the signalling) target. A process of signalling may comprise transmitting the signalling. 2200  Transmitting signalling, in particular control signalling or communication signalling, e.g. comprising or representing acknowledgement signalling and / or resource P111913WO01  66 / 86  requesting information, may comprise encoding and / or modulating. Encoding and / or modulating may comprise error detection coding and / or forward error correction encoding and / or scrambling. Receiving control signalling may comprise corresponding 2205  decoding and / or demodulation. Error detection coding may comprise, and / or be based on, parity or checksum approaches, e.g. CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check). Forward error correction coding may comprise and / or be based on for example turbo coding and / or Reed-Muller coding, and / or polar coding and / or LDPC coding (Low Density Parity Check). The type of coding used may be based on the channel (e.g., physical 2210  channel) the coded signal is associated to. A code rate may represent the ratio of the number of information bits before encoding to the number of encoded bits after encoding, considering that encoding adds coding bits for error detection coding and forward error correction. Coded bits may refer to information bits (also called systematic bits) plus coding bits. 2215  Communication signalling may comprise, and / or represent, and / or be implemented as, data signalling, and / or user plane signalling. Communication signalling may be associated to a data channel, e.g. a physical downlink channel or physical uplink channel or physical sidelink channel, in particular a PDSCH (Physical Downlink 2220  Shared Channel) or PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel). Generally, a data channel may be a shared channel or a dedicated channel. Data signalling may be signalling associated to and / or on a data channel. An indication generally may explicitly and / or implicitly indicate the information it 2225  represents and / or indicates. Implicit indication may for example be based on position and / or resource used for transmission. Explicit indication may for example be based on a parametrisation with one or more parameters, and / or one or more index or indices, and / or one or more bit patterns representing the information. It may in particular be considered that control signalling as described herein, based on the 2230  utilised resource sequence, implicitly indicates the control signalling type. A resource element may generally describe the smallest individually usable and / or encodable and / or decodable and / or modulatable and / or demodulatable time- frequency resource, and / or may describe a time-frequency resource covering a 2235  symbol time length in time and a subcarrier in frequency. A signal may be allocatable P111913WO01  67 / 86  and / or allocated to a resource element. A subcarrier may be a subband of a carrier, e.g. as defined by a standard. A carrier may define a frequency and / or frequency band for transmission and / or reception. In some variants, a signal (jointly encoded / modulated) may cover more than one resource elements. A resource 2240  element may generally be as defined by a corresponding standard, e.g. NR or LTE. As symbol time length and / or subcarrier spacing (and / or numerology) may be different between different symbols and / or subcarriers, different resource elements may have different extension (length / width) in time and / or frequency domain, in particular resource elements pertaining to different carriers. 2245  A resource generally may represent a time-frequency and / or code resource, on which signalling, e.g. according to a specific format, may be communicated, for example transmitted and / or received, and / or be intended for transmission and / or reception. 2250  A border symbol may generally represent a starting symbol or an ending symbol for transmitting and / or receiving. A starting symbol may in particular be a starting symbol of uplink or sidelink signalling, for example control signalling or data signalling. Such signalling may be on a data channel or control channel, e.g. a physical channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel (like PUSCH) or a sidelink data or shared 2255  channel, or a physical uplink control channel (like PUCCH) or a sidelink control channel. If the starting symbol is associated to control signalling (e.g., on a control channel), the control signalling may be in response to received signalling (in sidelink or downlink), e.g. representing acknowledgement signalling associated thereto, which may be HARQ or ARQ signalling. An ending symbol may represent an ending symbol 2260  (in time) of downlink or sidelink transmission or signalling, which may be intended or scheduled for the radio node or user equipment. Such downlink signalling may in particular be data signalling, e.g. on a physical downlink channel like a shared channel, e.g. a PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel). A starting symbol may be determined based on, and / or in relation to, such an ending symbol. 2265  Configuring a radio node, in particular a terminal or user equipment, may refer to the radio node being adapted or caused or set and / or instructed to operate according to the configuration. Configuring may be done by another device, e.g., a network node (for example, a radio node of the network like a base station or eNodeB) or network, P111913WO01  68 / 86  2270  in which case it may comprise transmitting configuration data to the radio node to be configured. Such configuration data may represent the configuration to be configured and / or comprise one or more instruction pertaining to a configuration, e.g. a configuration for transmitting and / or receiving on allocated resources, in particular frequency resources. A radio node may configure itself, e.g., based on configuration 2275  data received from a network or network node. A network node may utilise, and / or be adapted to utilise, its circuitry / ies for configuring. Allocation information may be considered a form of configuration data. Configuration data may comprise and / or be represented by configuration information, and / or one or more corresponding indications and / or message / s 2280  Generally, configuring may include determining configuration data representing the configuration and providing, e.g. transmitting, it to one or more other nodes (parallel and / or sequentially), which may transmit it further to the radio node (or another node, which may be repeated until it reaches the wireless device). Alternatively, or 2285  additionally, configuring a radio node, e.g., by a network node or other device, may include receiving configuration data and / or data pertaining to configuration data, e.g., from another node like a network node, which may be a higher-level node of the network, and / or transmitting received configuration data to the radio node. Accordingly, determining a configuration and transmitting the configuration data to the 2290  radio node may be performed by different network nodes or entities, which may be able to communicate via a suitable interface, e.g., an X2 interface in the case of LTE or a corresponding interface for NR. Configuring a terminal may comprise scheduling downlink and / or uplink transmissions for the terminal, e.g. downlink data and / or downlink control signalling and / or DCI and / or uplink control or data or communication 2295  signalling, in particular acknowledgement signalling, and / or configuring resources and / or a resource pool therefor. A resource structure may be considered to be neighbored in frequency domain by another resource structure, if they share a common border frequency, e.g. one as an 2300  upper frequency border and the other as a lower frequency border. Such a border may for example be represented by the upper end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n, which also represents the lower end of a bandwidth assigned to a subcarrier n+1. A resource structure may be considered to be neighbored in time P111913WO01  69 / 86  domain by another resource structure, if they share a common border time, e.g. one 2305  as an upper (or right in the figures) border and the other as a lower (or left in the figures) border. Such a border may for example be represented by the end of the symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n, which also represents the beginning of a symbol time interval assigned to a symbol n+1. 2310  Generally, a resource structure being neighbored by another resource structure in a domain may also be referred to as abutting and / or bordering the other resource structure in the domain. A resource structure may generally represent a structure in time and / or frequency 2315  domain, in particular representing a time interval and a frequency interval. A resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of resource elements, and / or the time interval of a resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of symbol time interval / s, and / or the frequency interval of a resource structure may comprise and / or be comprised of subcarrier / s. A resource element may be considered an example for 2320  a resource structure, a slot or mini-slot or a Physical Resource Block (PRB) or parts thereof may be considered others. A resource structure may be associated to a specific channel, e.g. a PUSCH or PUCCH, in particular resource structure smaller than a slot or PRB. 2325  Examples of a resource structure in frequency domain comprise a bandwidth or band, or a bandwidth part. A bandwidth part may be a part of a bandwidth available for a radio node for communicating, e.g. due to circuitry and / or configuration and / or regulations and / or a standard. A bandwidth part may be configured or configurable to a radio node. In some variants, a bandwidth part may be the part of a bandwidth used 2330  for communicating, e.g. transmitting and / or receiving, by a radio node. The bandwidth part may be smaller than the bandwidth (which may be a device bandwidth defined by the circuitry / configuration of a device, and / or a system bandwidth, e.g. available for a RAN). It may be considered that a bandwidth part comprises one or more resource blocks or resource block groups, in particular one or more PRBs or PRB groups. A 2335  bandwidth part may pertain to, and / or comprise, one or more carriers. P111913WO01  70 / 86  A carrier may generally represent a frequency range or band and / or pertain to a central frequency and an associated frequency interval. It may be considered that a carrier comprises a plurality of subcarriers. A carrier may have assigned to it a central 2340  frequency or center frequency interval, e.g. represented by one or more subcarriers (to each subcarrier there may be generally assigned a frequency bandwidth or interval). Different carriers may be non-overlapping, and / or may be neighboring in frequency domain. 2345  It should be noted that the term “radio” in this disclosure may be considered to pertain to wireless communication in general, and may also include wireless communication utilising millimeter waves, in particular above one of the thresholds 10 GHz or 20 GHz or 50 GHz or 52 GHz or 52.6 GHz or 60 GHz or 72 GHz or 100 GHz or 114 GHz. Such communication may utilise one or more carriers, e.g. in FDD and / or 2350  carrier aggregation. Upper frequency boundaries may correspond to 300 GHz or 200 GHz or 120 GHz or any of the thresholds larger than the one representing the lower frequency boundary. A radio node, in particular a network node or a terminal, may generally be any device 2355  adapted for transmitting and / or receiving radio and / or wireless signals and / or data, in particular communication data, in particular on at least one carrier. The at least one carrier may comprise a carrier accessed based on an LBT procedure (which may be called LBT carrier), e.g., an unlicensed carrier. It may be considered that the carrier is part of a carrier aggregate. 2360  Receiving or transmitting on a cell or carrier may refer to receiving or transmitting utilizing a frequency (band) or spectrum associated to the cell or carrier. A cell may generally comprise and / or be defined by or for one or more carriers, in particular at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission (called UL carrier) and at least 2365  one carrier for DL communication / transmission (called DL carrier). It may be considered that a cell comprises different numbers of UL carriers and DL carriers. Alternatively, or additionally, a cell may comprise at least one carrier for UL communication / transmission and DL communication / transmission, e.g., in TDD- based approaches. 2370  P111913WO01  71 / 86  A channel may generally be a logical, transport or physical channel. A channel may comprise and / or be arranged on one or more carriers, in particular a plurality of subcarriers. A channel carrying and / or for carrying control signalling / control information may be considered a control channel, in particular if it is a physical layer 2375  channel and / or if it carries control plane information. Analogously, a channel carrying and / or for carrying data signalling / user information may be considered a data channel, in particular if it is a physical layer channel and / or if it carries user plane information. A channel may be defined for a specific communication direction, or for two complementary communication directions (e.g., UL and DL, or sidelink in two 2380  directions), in which case it may be considered to have two component channels, one for each direction. Examples of channels comprise a channel for low latency and / or high reliability transmission, in particular a channel for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), which may be for control and / or data. 2385  In general, a symbol may represent and / or be associated to a symbol time length, which may be dependent on the carrier and / or subcarrier spacing and / or numerology of the associated carrier. Accordingly, a symbol may be considered to indicate a time interval having a symbol time length in relation to frequency domain. A symbol time length may be dependent on a carrier frequency and / or bandwidth and / or numerology 2390  and / or subcarrier spacing of, or associated to, a symbol. Accordingly, different symbols may have different symbol time lengths. In particular, numerologies with different subcarrier spacings may have different symbol time length. Generally, a symbol time length may be based on, and / or include, a guard time interval or cyclic extension, e.g. prefix or postfix. 2395  A sidelink may generally represent a communication channel (or channel structure) between two UEs and / or terminals, in which data is transmitted between the participants (UEs and / or terminals) via the communication channel, e.g. directly and / or without being relayed via a network node. A sidelink may be established only 2400  and / or directly via air interface / s of the participant, which may be directly linked via the sidelink communication channel. In some variants, sidelink communication may be performed without interaction by a network node, e.g. on fixedly defined resources and / or on resources negotiated between the participants. Alternatively, or additionally, it may be considered that a network node provides some control P111913WO01  72 / 86  2405  functionality, e.g. by configuring resources, in particular one or more resource pool / s, for sidelink communication, and / or monitoring a sidelink, e.g. for charging purposes. Sidelink communication may also be referred to as device-to-device (D2D) communication, and / or in some cases as ProSe (Proximity Services) 2410  communication, e.g. in the context of LTE. A sidelink may be implemented in the context of V2x communication (Vehicular communication), e.g. V2V (Vehicle-to- Vehicle), V2I (Vehicle-to-Infrastructure) and / or V2P (Vehicle-to-Person). Any device adapted for sidelink communication may be considered a user equipment or terminal. 2415  A sidelink communication channel (or structure) may comprise one or more (e.g., physical or logical) channels, e.g. a PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control CHannel, which may for example carry control information like an acknowledgement position indication, and / or a PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared CHannel, which for example may carry data and / or acknowledgement signalling). It may be considered that a 2420  sidelink communication channel (or structure) pertains to and / or used one or more carrier / s and / or frequency range / s associated to, and / or being used by, cellular communication, e.g. according to a specific license and / or standard. Participants may share a (physical) channel and / or resources, in particular in frequency domain and / or related to a frequency resource like a carrier) of a sidelink, such that two or 2425  more participants transmit thereon, e.g. simultaneously, and / or time-shifted, and / or there may be associated specific channels and / or resources to specific participants, so that for example only one participant transmits on a specific channel or on a specific resource or specific resources, e.g., in frequency domain and / or related to one or more carriers or subcarriers. 2430  A sidelink may comply with, and / or be implemented according to, a specific standard, e.g. an LTE-based standard and / or NR. A sidelink may utilise TDD (Time Division Duplex) and / or FDD (Frequency Division Duplex) technology, e.g. as configured by a network node, and / or preconfigured and / or negotiated between the participants. A 2435  user equipment may be considered to be adapted for sidelink communication if it, and / or its radio circuitry and / or processing circuitry, is adapted for utilising a sidelink, e.g. on one or more frequency ranges and / or carriers and / or in one or more formats, in particular according to a specific standard. It may be generally considered that a P111913WO01  73 / 86  Radio Access Network is defined by two participants of a sidelink communication. 2440  Alternatively, or additionally, a Radio Access Network may be represented, and / or defined with, and / or be related to a network node and / or communication with such a node. Communication or communicating may generally comprise transmitting and / or 2445  receiving signalling. Communication on a sidelink (or sidelink signalling) may comprise utilising the sidelink for communication (respectively, for signalling). Sidelink transmission and / or transmitting on a sidelink may be considered to comprise transmission utilising the sidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuitry and / or the air interface. Sidelink reception 2450  and / or receiving on a sidelink may be considered to comprise reception utilising the sidelink, e.g. associated resources and / or transmission formats and / or circuitry and / or the air interface. Sidelink control information (e.g., SCI) may generally be considered to comprise control information transmitted utilising a sidelink. 2455  Generally, carrier aggregation (CA) may refer to the concept of a radio connection and / or communication link between a wireless and / or cellular communication network and / or network node and a terminal or on a sidelink comprising a plurality of carriers for at least one direction of transmission (e.g. DL and / or UL), as well as to the aggregate of carriers. A corresponding communication link may be referred to as 2460  carrier aggregated communication link or CA communication link; carriers in a carrier aggregate may be referred to as component carriers (CC). In such a link, data may be transmitted over more than one of the carriers and / or all the carriers of the carrier aggregation (the aggregate of carriers). A carrier aggregation may comprise one (or more) dedicated control carriers and / or primary carriers (which may e.g. be referred 2465  to as primary component carrier or PCC), over which control information may be transmitted, wherein the control information may refer to the primary carrier and other carriers, which may be referred to as secondary carriers (or secondary component carrier, SCC). However, in some approaches, control information may be sent over more than one carrier of an aggregate, e.g. one or more PCCs and one PCC and 2470  one or more SCCs. P111913WO01  74 / 86  A transmission may generally pertain to a specific channel and / or specific resources, in particular with a starting symbol and ending symbol in time, covering the interval therebetween. A scheduled transmission may be a transmission scheduled and / or 2475  expected and / or for which resources are scheduled or provided or reserved. However, not every scheduled transmission has to be realized. For example, a scheduled downlink transmission may not be received, or a scheduled uplink transmission may not be transmitted due to power limitations, or other influences (e.g., a channel on an unlicensed carrier being occupied). A transmission may be scheduled for a 2480  transmission timing substructure (e.g., a mini-slot, and / or covering only a part of a transmission timing structure) within a transmission timing structure like a slot. A border symbol may be indicative of a symbol in the transmission timing structure at which the transmission starts or ends. 2485  Predefined in the context of this disclosure may refer to the related information being defined for example in a standard, and / or being available without specific configuration from a network or network node, e.g. stored in memory, for example independent of being configured. Configured or configurable may be considered to pertain to the corresponding information being set / configured, e.g. by the network or a network 2490  node. A configuration or schedule, like a mini-slot configuration and / or structure configuration and / or monitoring configuration, may schedule or indicate transmissions, e.g. for the time / transmissions it is valid, and / or transmissions may be scheduled by separate 2495  signalling or separate configuration, e.g. separate RRC signalling and / or downlink control information signalling. The transmission / s scheduled may represent signalling to be transmitted by the device for which it is scheduled, or signalling to be received by the device for which it is scheduled, depending on which side of a communication the device is. It should be noted that downlink control information or 2500  specifically DCI signalling may be considered physical layer signalling, in contrast to higher layer signalling like MAC (Medium Access Control) signalling or RRC layer signalling. The higher the layer of signalling is, the less frequent / the more time / resource consuming it may be considered, at least partially due to the information contained in such signalling having to be passed on through several layers, each layer 2505  requiring processing and handling. P111913WO01  75 / 86  A scheduled transmission, and / or transmission timing structure like a mini-slot or slot, may pertain to a specific channel, in particular a physical uplink shared channel, a physical uplink control channel, or a physical downlink shared channel, e.g. PUSCH, 2510  PUCCH or PDSCH, and / or may pertain to a specific cell and / or carrier aggregation. A corresponding configuration, e.g. scheduling configuration or symbol configuration may pertain to such channel, cell and / or carrier aggregation. It may be considered that the scheduled transmission represents transmission on a physical channel, in particular a shared physical channel, for example a physical uplink shared channel or 2515  physical downlink shared channel. For such channels, semi-persistent configuring may be particularly suitable. Generally, a configuration may be a configuration indicating timing, and / or be represented or configured with corresponding configuration data. A configuration may 2520  be embedded in, and / or comprised in, a message or configuration or corresponding data, which may indicate and / or schedule resources, in particular semi-persistently and / or semi-statically. A control region of a transmission timing structure may be an interval in time and / or 2525  frequency domain for intended or scheduled or reserved for control signalling, in particular downlink control signalling, and / or for a specific control channel, e.g. a physical downlink control channel like PDCCH. The interval may comprise, and / or consist of, a number of symbols in time, which may be configured or configurable, e.g. by (UE-specific) dedicated signalling (which may be single-cast, for example 2530  addressed to or intended for a specific UE), e.g. on a PDCCH, or RRC signalling, or on a multicast or broadcast channel. In general, the transmission timing structure may comprise a control region covering a configurable number of symbols. It may be considered that in general the border symbol is configured to be after the control region in time. A control region may be associated, e.g. via configuration and / or 2535  determination, to one or more specific UEs and / or formats of PDCCH and / or DCI and / or identifiers, e.g. UE identifiers and / or RNTIs or carrier / cell identifiers, and / or be represented and / or associated to a CORESET and / or a search space. A search space may comprise and / or be associated to a control region or CORESET and / or time and / or frequency resources, which may be configured and / or indicated for reception P111913WO01  76 / 86  2540  of control information and / or signalling on a (e.g., physical) control channel like PDCCH or PSCCH. To a search space, additional parameters and / or conditions may be provided and / or associated, e.g. defining and / or configuring and / or indicating and / or specifying control signalling or control information to search for and / or monitor in the search space, and / or associated control region or CORESET or resources. For 2545  example, one or more signalling characteristics of such control signalling and / or control information may be provided, e.g. signalling format and / or possible position within the resources and / or repetition and / or coding and / or priority between different types or formats and / or hashing function. 2550  Feedback signalling may be considered a form or control signalling, e.g. uplink or sidelink control signalling, like UCI (Uplink Control Information) signalling or SCI (Sidelink Control Information) signalling. Feedback signalling may in particular comprise and / or represent acknowledgement signalling and / or acknowledgement information and / or measurement reporting. In some cases, monitoring signalling may 2555  be considered a form of feedback signalling, and / or may be included and / or added and / or attached to measurement reporting. Signalling utilising, and / or on and / or associated to, resources or a resource structure may be signalling covering the resources or structure, signalling on the associated 2560  frequency / ies and / or in the associated time interval / s. It may be considered that a signalling resource structure comprises and / or encompasses one or more substructures, which may be associated to one or more different channels and / or types of signalling and / or comprise one or more holes (resource element / s not scheduled for transmissions or reception of transmissions). A resource substructure, 2565  e.g. a feedback resource structure, may generally be continuous in time and / or frequency, within the associated intervals. It may be considered that a substructure, in particular a feedback resource structure, represents a rectangle filled with one or more resource elements in time / frequency space. However, in some cases, a resource structure or substructure, in particular a frequency resource range, may 2570  represent a non-continuous pattern of resources in one or more domains, e.g. time and / or frequency. The resource elements of a substructure may be scheduled for associated signalling. P111913WO01  77 / 86  Example types of signalling comprise signalling of a specific communication 2575  direction, in particular, uplink signalling, downlink signalling, sidelink signalling, as well as reference signalling (e.g., SRS or CRS or CSI-RS), communication signalling, control signalling, and / or signalling associated to a specific channel like PUSCH, PDSCH, PUCCH, PDCCH, PSCCH, PSSCH, etc.). 2580  In the context of this disclosure, there may be distinguished between dynamically scheduled or aperiodic transmission and / or configuration, and semi-static or semi- persistent or periodic transmission and / or configuration. The term “dynamic” or similar terms may generally pertain to configuration / transmission valid and / or scheduled and / or configured for (relatively) short timescales and / or a (e.g., predefined and / or 2585  configured and / or limited and / or definite) number of occurrences and / or transmission timing structures, e.g. one or more transmission timing structures like slots or slot aggregations, and / or for one or more (e.g., specific number) of transmission / occurrences. Dynamic configuration may be based on low-level signalling, e.g. control signalling on the physical layer and / or MAC layer, in particular 2590  in the form of DCI or SCI. Periodic / semi-static may pertain to longer timescales, e.g. several slots and / or more than one frame, and / or a non-defined number of occurrences, e.g., until a dynamic configuration contradicts, or until a new periodic configuration arrives. A periodic or semi-static configuration may be based on, and / or be configured with, higher-layer signalling, in particular RCL layer signalling and / or 2595  RRC signalling and / or MAC signalling. In this disclosure, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth (such as particular network functions, processes and signalling steps) in order to provide a thorough understanding of the technique presented herein. It will be 2600  apparent to one skilled in the art that the present concepts and aspects may be practiced in other variants and variants that depart from these specific details. For example, the concepts and variants are partially described in the context of Long Term Evolution (LTE) or LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) or New Radio mobile or wireless 2605  communications technologies; however, this does not rule out the use of the present concepts and aspects in connection with additional or alternative mobile communication technologies such as the Global System for Mobile Communications P111913WO01  78 / 86  (GSM) or IEEE standards as IEEE 802.11ad or IEEE 802.11 ay. While described variants may pertain to certain Technical Specifications (TSs) of the Third Generation 2610  Partnership Project (3GPP), it will be appreciated that the present approaches, concepts and aspects could also be realized in connection with different Performance Management (PM) specifications. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the services, functions and steps 2615  explained herein may be implemented using software functioning in conjunction with a programmed microprocessor, or using an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or general purpose computer. It will also be appreciated that while the variants described herein are elucidated in the context of methods and devices, the concepts 2620  and aspects presented herein may also be embodied in a program product as well as in a system comprising control circuitry, e.g. a computer processor and a memory coupled to the processor, wherein the memory is encoded with one or more programs or program products that execute the services, functions and steps disclosed herein. 2625  It is believed that the advantages of the aspects and variants presented herein will be fully understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, constructions and arrangement of the exemplary aspects thereof without departing from the scope of the concepts and aspects described herein or without sacrificing all of its advantageous effects. The aspects 2630  presented herein can be varied in many ways. Some useful abbreviations comprise Abbreviation Explanation 2635  3GPP 3rdGeneration Partnership Project ACK / NACK Acknowledgment / Negative Acknowledgement AE Auto Encoder AI Artificial Intelligence ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest 2640  BER Bit Error Rate BLER Block Error Rate P111913WO01  79 / 86  BPSK Binary Phase Shift Keying BWP BandWidth Part CAZAC Constant Amplitude Zero Cross Correlation 2645  CB Code Block CBG Code Block Group CCE Control Channel Element CDM Code Division Multiplex CM Cubic Metric 2650  CORESET Control Resource Set CQI Channel Quality Information CRB Common Resource Block CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check CRI CSI-RS Indicator 2655  CRS Common reference signal CSI Channel State Information CSI-RS Channel state information reference signal DAI Downlink Assignment Indicator DCI Downlink Control Information 2660  DFT Discrete Fourier Transform DFTS-FDM DFT-spread-FDM DM(-)RS Demodulation reference signal(ing) eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBand eType II CB Enhanced Type II codebook 2665  EVM Error Vector Magnitude FDD Frequency Division Duplex FDE Frequency Domain Equalisation FDF Frequency Domain Filtering FDM Frequency Division Multiplex 2670  FE (radio) Front End FR1 Frequency Range 1 (for NR) FR2 Frequency Range 2 (for NR) GCS Golay Complementary Sequence(s) HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request 2675  IAB Integrated Access and Backhaul P111913WO01  80 / 86  IE Information Element IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform IR Impulse Response ISI Inter Symbol Interference 2680  LCM Life cycle management LSB Least significant bit MBB Mobile Broadband MCS Modulation and Coding Scheme MIMO Multiple-input-multiple-output 2685  ML Machine Learning MPR Maximum Power Reduction MRC Maximum-ratio combining MRT Maximum-ratio transmission MSB Most significant bit 2690  MU-MIMO Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output NN Neural Network OFDM / A Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple Access PA Power Amplifier PAPR Peak to Average Power Ratio 2695  PBCH Physical Broadcast CHannel PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel PMI Precoder Matrix Indicator PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel 2700  PRB Physical Resource Block PUCCH Physical Uplink Control Channel PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared Channel PSD Power Spectral Density (P)SCCH (Physical) Sidelink Control Channel 2705  PSS Primary Synchronisation Signal(ing) (P)SSCH (Physical) Sidelink Shared Channel PT(-)RS Phase-Tracking RS QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation OCC Orthogonal Cover Code P111913WO01  81 / 86  2710  QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying PSD Power Spectral Density RAN Radio Access Network RAT Radio Access Technology RB Resource Block 2715  REG Resource Element Group RI Rank Indicator RNTI Radio Network Temporary Identifier RRC Radio Resource Control RS Reference Signal(ing) 2720  RX Receiver, Reception, Reception-related / side SA Scheduling Assignment SC-FDE Single Carrier Frequency Domain Equalisation SC-FDM / A Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiplex / Multiple Access SCI Sidelink Control Information 2725  SIB System Information Block SINR Signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio SIR Signal-to-interference ratio SNR Signal-to-noise-ratio SR Scheduling Request 2730  SRS Sounding Reference Signal(ing) SSS Secondary Synchronisation Signal(ing) SVD Singular-value decomposition TB Transport Block T-CSI Target CSI 2735  TD Time Domain TDD Time Division Duplex TDM Time Division Multiplex TX Transmitter, Transmission, Transmission-related / side UCI Uplink Control Information 2740  UE User Equipment URLLC Ultra Low Latency High Reliability Communication VL-MIMO Very-large multiple-input-multiple-output VRB Virtual Resource Block P111913WO01  82 / 86  ZF Zero Forcing 2745  ZP Zero-Power, e.g. muted CSI-RS symbol Abbreviations may be considered to follow 3GPP usage if applicable. P111913WO01  83 / 86

Claims

Claims 2750  1. Method of operating a wireless device in a wireless communication network, the method comprising transmitting second feedback signalling representing and / or comprising second precoding matrix information, PMI, the second PMI being based on first PMI according to a configuration, wherein the configuration indicates the association between the second PMI and the first PMI. 2755  2. Wireless device for a wireless communication network, the wireless device being adapted for transmitting second feedback signalling representing and / or comprising second precoding matrix information, PMI, the second PMI being based on first PMI according to a configuration wherein the configuration indicates the association 2760  between the second PMI and the first PMI.

3. Method of operating a network node in a wireless communication network, the method comprising configuring a wireless device with a configuration indicating an association between first precoding matrix information, PMI, and second PMI. 2765  4. Network node for a wireless communication network, the network node being adapted for configuring a wireless device with a configuration indicating an association between first precoding matrix information, PMI, and second PMI. 2770  5. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the configuration is a measurement configuration, e.g., pertaining to measurement and / or reporting on CSI-RS measurements.

6. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the 2775  configuration indicates first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI to be transmitted.

7. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the configuration indicates a number N of transmissions of second feedback signalling for 2780  each transmission of first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI. P111913WO01  84 / 86 8. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second PMI and / or second feedback signalling is partial PMI, which based on the first PMI and / or 2785  the association is determinable and / or decodable.

9. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein transmission of the second feedback signalling is triggered by control signalling, which may be separate from configuration signalling configuring the configuration. 2790  10. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second feedback signalling and / or first feedback signalling representing and / or comprising the first PMI is based on measurement information compression pertaining to the first PMI and / or second PMI. 2795  11. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein measurement information compression is based on an Autoencoder, AE, encoder and an AE decoder, which are implemented on different radio nodes, the measurement information compression pertaining to compressing of first PMI and / or second PMI. 2800  12. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first PMI is historical information for compression of the second PMI according to the association. 2805  13. Method or device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first PMI is reset to new first PMI based on control signalling and / or the configuration.

14. Program product comprising instructions causing processing circuitry to control and / or perform a method according to one of claims 1, 3, or 5 to 13. 2810  15. Carrier medium arrangement carrying and / or storing a program product according to claim 14. P111913WO01  85 / 86

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