Methods and systems for reference point indication
By determining delay values based on timing relationships between reference points, the method improves positioning accuracy and reduces beam sweeping overhead, addressing the challenges of high accuracy and low latency in communication systems.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/120424
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-14
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication systems struggle to meet stringent key performance indicators (KPIs) for high accuracy positioning, reliability, low latency, and low power consumption, which are essential for advanced sensing and communication services.
The method involves receiving and transmitting configurations for reference point sets, determining delay values based on timing relationships between reference points, and processing these values to estimate positions, thereby improving positioning accuracy and reducing beam sweeping overhead.
Enhances communication and sensing performance by providing accurate position information, reducing signaling overhead, and enabling multiplexing of signals without interference, thus improving capacity and efficiency in communication systems.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024120424_19022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS AND SYSTEMS FOR REFERENCE POINT INDICATION
[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 63 / 683, 025 filed on August 14, 2024, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0003] The application relates generally to wireless communications, and more specifically to reference point indication.BACKGROUND
[0004] Stringent sensing key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of high accuracy or reliability, low latency or update rate, low power requirements, and availability are new use cases in future generations of communication systems. High accuracy positioning information can help boost communication and sensing performance and capabilities of sensing and communication services. To obtain such levels of positioning accuracy, advanced technologies may be required, and erstwhile communication systems may neither support such level of sensing information (e.g., orientation, shapes, maps, etc. ) nor meet some of the stringent KPIs for positioning.SUMMARY
[0005] One or more implementations of the present application provide methods and systems for reference point indication. The techniques described in the application can improve the performance of a positioning or sensing process of a communication system.
[0006] According to a first aspect, a method is provided. The method includes receiving a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets. The method further includes determining one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the configuration.
[0007] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points is indicated in the configuration.
[0008] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the timing relationship includes timing differences with respect to one reference point in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0009] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, receiving the configuration includes receiving the configuration indicating a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets and a reference point index corresponding to each reference point of the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: receiving a plurality of sensing signals; and associating the plurality of sensing signals with the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0011] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, determining the one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points includes: determining one or more initial delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the plurality of sensing signals; and processing the one or more initial delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points to obtain one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.
[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.
[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, transmitting the one or more modified delay values includes transmitting a reference point index corresponding to each reference point in the plurality of reference points, and a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes determining a position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the one or more modified delay values.
[0015] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, determining the position information includes jointly processing the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in a same reference point set.
[0016] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes: determining an estimated position based on the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets; and transmitting the estimated position.
[0017] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations, determining the estimated position includes fusing the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0018] According to a second aspect, a method is provided. The method includes transmitting a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0019] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points is indicated in the configuration.
[0020] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the timing relationship includes timing differences with respect to one reference point in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0021] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, transmitting the configuration includes transmitting the configuration indicating a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets and a reference point index corresponding to each reference point of the plurality of reference points.
[0022] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes transmitting a plurality of sensing signals.
[0023] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes receiving an estimated position of a terminal device.
[0024] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes receiving one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.
[0025] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, receiving the one or more modified delay values includes receiving a reference point index corresponding to each reference point in the plurality of reference points, and a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0026] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes determining a position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the one or more modified delay values.
[0027] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, determining the position information includes jointly processing the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in a same reference point set.
[0028] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, the method further includes determining an estimated position based on the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0029] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations, determining the estimated position includes fusing the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0030] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is provided. The communication apparatus is configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0031] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a receiving unit configured to receive a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets. The communication apparatus further includes a processing unit configured to determine one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the configuration.
[0032] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes a transmitting unit configured to transmit a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0033] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes: one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to receive a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0034] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the communication apparatus includes one or more processors; and an interface circuit configured to transmit a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets. Each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets includes a plurality of reference points. A timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.
[0035] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations, the interface circuit includes one or more transceivers.
[0036] According to a fourth aspect, an apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes one or more processors and one or more memories. The one or more memories store instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0037] According to a fifth aspect, a communication system is provided. The communication system includes a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect. The communication system further includes a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method according to the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0038] According to a sixth aspect, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided. The non-transitory computer-readable storage has instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.
[0039] According to a seventh aspect, a computer program product storing instructions is provided. The computer program product stores instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method according to the first aspect or one or more implementations of the first aspect, or the second aspect or one or more implementations of the second aspect.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0040] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic illustration of an example communication system.
[0041] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system.
[0042] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of an apparatus wirelessly communicating with another apparatus in a communication system.
[0043] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus.
[0044] FIG. 5 illustrates another example apparatus.
[0045] FIG. 6 illustrates example active, semi-active, and passive positioning reference points (PRPs) .
[0046] FIG. 7 illustrates an example communication system including two PRP sets and a target UE.
[0047] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method for reference point indication, where a TRP is not a part of a SMF or a network node.
[0048] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of another example communication method for reference point indication, where a TRP is not a part of a SMF or a network node.
[0049] FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method for reference point indication, where a TRP is a part of a SMF or a network node.
[0050] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of another example communication method for reference point indication, where a TRP is a part of a SMF or a network node.
[0051] FIG. 12 illustrates example association between a PRP set and a TRP.
[0052] FIG. 13 illustrates an example communication system including N PRP sets and a target UE.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0053] Stringent sensing key performance indicators (KPIs) in terms of high accuracy or reliability, low latency or update rate, low power requirements, and availability are new use cases in future generations of communication systems. High accuracy positioning information can help boost communication and sensing performance and capabilities of sensing and communication services. To obtain such levels of positioning accuracy, advanced technologies may be required, and erstwhile communication systems may neither support such level of sensing information (e.g., orientation, shapes, maps, etc. ) nor meet some of the stringent KPIs for positioning. User Equipment (UE) position information is often used in cellular communication networks to improve various performance metrics for the network. Such performance metrics may include, but are not limited to, capacity, agility, and efficiency.
[0054] While the sensing system can be separate from the communication system, it could be beneficial to gather the information using an integrated system, which reduces the hardware (and / or cost) in the system as well as the time, frequency, or spatial resources needed to achieve both functionalities. However, using the communication system hardware to perform sensing of UE pose and environment information presents challenges, due to factors such as, but not limited to, the limited resolution of the communication system, the dynamicity of the environment, and the large number of objects whose electromagnetic properties and position are to be estimated. Accordingly, integrated sensing and communication (also known as integrated communication and sensing, or joint sensing and communication or joint communication and sensing, and other similar names) is a desirable feature in existing and future communication systems.
[0055] Accurate position information may be shown to assist in reducing signaling overhead in sensing-assisted communication applications. Normally, when a base station is to transmit a signal to a UE and a position of the UE is not known, the base station first carries out a beam sweeping operation to determine the position of the UE. The base station may use results of the beam sweeping operation to direct a transmitted signal to the UE. In contrast, if the position of the UE is known, then the base station may directly beamform a transmitted signal in the direction of the UE with a reduced amount of beam sweeping overhead.
[0056] Additionally, accurate position information may be shown to assist in improving performance of communication and sensing services and to assist in expanding capabilities of sensing and communication services. For instance, based on information that two different UEs are widely separated, the base station can multiplex signal transmitted to the two UEs on the same time-frequency resources without causing interference to one another.
[0057] FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an example communication system according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown a communication system 100 that includes a radio access network (RAN) 120, one or more communication electronic devices (EDs) 10a, 110b, 110c, 110d, 110e, 110f, 110g, 110h, 110i, 110j (collectively referred to as 110) , a core network 130, a Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 . The RAN 120 may include, but is not limited to, a future generation RAN, or a legacy RAN such as, but not limited to, 5th generation (5G) , 4th generation (4G) , 3rd generation (3G) or 2nd generation (2G) radio access network. The RAN 120 may be, for example, an Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) , a NextGen RAN (NG RAN) , or some other type of RAN. Examples of RAN 120 based on the evolution of telecommunications standards include, but is not limited to, GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) and CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) for 2G, UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) based on WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) and CDMA2000 for 3G, LTE (Long-Term Evolution) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) for 4G, and NR (New Radio) for 5G. In some implementations, The RAN 120 may use any radio access technology (RAT) in the wireless interface between the one or more EDs 110 and the RAN 120. In some implementations, the term “radio access” may refer to the future generation air interface standards which may include both terrestrial networks (TNs) and non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) . These networks will be described in greater detail below in conjunction with various implementations. The one or more communication EDs 110 (also referred to as “user equipment” ) are configured to connect (e.g., communicatively couple) with each other or to one or more network nodes 170a, 170b (collectively referred to as 170) in the RAN 120. The core network (CN) 130 is a part of the communication system 100 and consists of network nodes (e.g., 170a, 170b) which provide support for the network features and telecommunication services. In some implementations, the CN 130 may be dependent on the RAT used in the communication system 100. In other implementations, the CN 130 may be access-agnostic, i.e., the CN 130 may be independent of the RAT used in the communication system 100. There are different types of CN 130, for different 3GPP system generations. For example, the CN 130 is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) in 4G, also known as the Evolved Packet System (EPS) . In another example, the CN 130 is the 5G Core (5GC) which was developed as part of the 5G System (5GS) . The CN 130 also enables integration of different 3GPP and non-3GPP access types. In some implementations and referring to FIG. 1, the CN 130 also provides the interface towards external networks that may include the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160 in the communication system 100.
[0058] In general, the communication system 100 facilitates interaction between multiple wireless or wired elements. The communication system 100 may transmit different types of content, such as voice, data, video, and / or text, through different transmission methods such as, but not limited to, broadcast, multicast, groupcast, and unicast. Additionally, the communication system 100 operates by allocating and / or sharing resources, such as carrier spectrum bandwidth, among its constituent elements.
[0059] The communication system 100 may provide a wide range of communication services and applications including, but not limited to, Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) services, Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) services, Massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) services, Integrated Sensing And Communication (ISAC) , immersive communication, Ultra-massive Machine-Type Communication (uMTC) , hyper reliable and low-latency communication, ubiquitous connectivity, integrated AI and communication, and other services that can be provided by a future generation communication system. The communication system 100 may provide other services and applications such as, but not limited to, earth monitoring, remote sensing, passive sensing and positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility and the like.
[0060] The communication system 100 may include a terrestrial communication system (or network) and / or a non-terrestrial communication system (or network) . The communication system 100 may provide a high degree of availability and robustness through a joint operation of the terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system. For example, integrating a non-terrestrial communication system (or components thereof) into a terrestrial communication system can result in a heterogeneous network comprising multiple layers. The heterogeneous network may achieve better overall performance through efficient multi-link joint operation, more flexible functionality sharing, and faster physical layer link switching between terrestrial networks and non-terrestrial networks. The terrestrial communication system and the non-terrestrial communication system could be considered as sub-systems of the communication system 100.
[0061] FIG. 2 illustrates another example communication system 100 according to an implementation of the present disclosure, there is shown the communication system 100 includes EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, 110d (collectively referred to as ED 110) , RANs 120a, 120b, one or more CNs 130, a PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and other networks 160. Additionally, the communication system 100 may also include a non-terrestrial network (NTN) 120c. The RANs 120a and120b may include network nodes 170a and 170b respectively. Examples of network nodes 170a, 170b include base stations, which can be generally referred to as terrestrial network (TN) devices or terrestrial transmit and receive points (T-TRPs) 170a and 170b (collectively referred to as 170) . In this context, the terms "TRP" and "base station" are used interchangeably unless otherwise specified. For simplicity, this disclosure primarily refers to network nodes as base stations; however, unless explicitly stated otherwise, references to TRP are considered non-limiting and interchangeable. The T-TRPs 170a, 170b may be base stations mounted on a building or tower. In one implementation, the NTN 120c includes a RAN node such as a base station 172, which may be generally referred to as an NTN device, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, or a non-terrestrial transmit and receive point (NT-TRP) 172.
[0062] In some implementations, the NT-TRP 172 is not attached to the ground, for example, as in the case of an airborne base station. An airborne base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a flying device. For example, a flying device may include, but is not limited to, an airborne platform (such as a blimp or an airship) , balloon, drone (such as quadcopter) , and other types of aerial vehicles. In some implementations, an airborne base station may be supported or carried by an unmanned aerial system (UAS) or an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , such as a drone. An airborne base station may be a moveable or mobile base station that can be flexibly deployed in different locations to meet network demand. A satellite base station is another example of a non-terrestrial base station. A satellite base station may be implemented using communication equipment supported or carried by a satellite. A satellite base station may also be referred to as an orbiting base station. High altitude platforms are yet another example of non-terrestrial base stations, including international mobile telecommunication base stations.
[0063] As referred to herein, and unless specified otherwise, a “TRP” may also refer to a T-TRP or an NT-TRP, a “T-TRP” may also refer to a “TN TRP” , and an “NT-TRP” may also refer to an “NTN TRP” . The NTN 120c may be considered a RAN, sharing operational aspects with RANs 120a, 120b. The NTN 120c may include at least one NTN device and at least one corresponding terrestrial network device. The at least one NTN device may function as a transport layer device and the at least one corresponding terrestrial network device may function as a RAN node, communicating with the ED 110 via the NTN device. Additionally, there may be an NTN gateway on the ground (referred to as a terrestrial network device) that also functions as a transport layer device facilitating communication with both the NTN device and the RAN node. The RAN node may communicate with the ED 110 via the NTN device and the NTN gateway. In some implementations, the NTN gateway and the RAN node may be located within the same device.
[0064] A base station 170 (also referred to as a TRP as stated above) is a network element within a radio access network responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells to or from the ED (such as a user equipment) . In different implementations, the base station 170 may also be known as a base transceiver station (BTS) , a radio base station, a network node, a network device, a device on the network side, a transmit / receive node, a Node B, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a Home eNodeB, a next Generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission point (TP) , a site controller, an access point (AP) , a wireless router, a relay station, a terrestrial node, a terrestrial network device, a terrestrial base station, a non-terrestrial node, a non-terrestrial network device, a non-terrestrial base station, and a positioning node, among other possibilities. The base station 170 may be a macro base station (BS) , a pico BS, a relay node, a donor node, or combinations thereof. When the base station 170 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the base station itself, one or more modules (or units) in the base station, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions within the base station.
[0065] The EDs 110a-110d and TRPs 170a-170b, 172 are examples of communication equipment configured to implement some or all of the operations and / or implementations described herein. The T-TRP 170a forms part of the RAN 120a, which may include other TRPs, and / or other devices. Also, the TRP 170b forms part of the RAN 120b, which may include other TRPs, and / or devices. Each TRP 170a, 170b may transmit and / or receive wireless signals within a particular geographic region or area, sometimes referred to as a “cell” or a “coverage area” . The TRPs 170a-170b may be responsible for allocating and / or configuring resources and transmission and / or reception in a set of cell (s) . A cell is a radio network object that can be uniquely identified by a cell identification that is broadcasted over a geographical region or area from base stations associated with the cell. A cell can work in either FDD or TDD mode. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors, and a base station 170a-170b may, for example, employ one or more transceivers to provide services to one or more sectors. Some implementations may include pico or femto cells if supported by the radio access technology. In some implementations, one or more transceivers could be used for each cell, such as with Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The number of RANs 120a-120b shown is merely an example. Any number of RANs may be contemplated when designing the communication system 100.
[0066] A base station may be a single element, as shown in the figures, or multiple elements distributed throughout the corresponding RAN, or otherwise configured. In some implementations, a plurality of RAN nodes coordinates to assist the ED 110 in implementing radio access, and different RAN nodes separately implement and handle different functions of the base station. For example, the RAN node may be a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a CU-control plane (CP) , a CU-user plane (UP) , or a radio unit (RU) etc. The CU and the DU may be separately deployed, or included within the same element (i.e., a baseband unit (BBU) ) . The RU may be included in a radio frequency device or a radio frequency unit (i.e., a remote radio unit (RRU) , an active antenna unit (AAU) , or a remote radio head (RRH) ) . In different systems, the CU (or the CU-CP and the CU-UP) , the DU, or the RU may be known by different names, but their functions are understood by person skilled in the art. For example, in an open radio access network (ORAN) system, a CU may be referred to as an open CU (O-CU) , a DU may be referred to as an open DU (O-DU) , and a CU-CP may be referred to as an open CU-CP (O-CU-CP) . The CU-UP may also be referred to as an open CU-UP (O-CU-UP) , and the RU may also be referred to as an open RU (O-RU) . Any one of the CU (or the CU-CP, the CU-UP) , the DU, and the RU may be implemented using a software module, a hardware module, or a combination of a software module and a hardware module.
[0067] Furthermore, communication between different devices / apparatuses in various implementations of this disclosure may refer to direct communication (that is, without the need of forwarding by another device / apparatus) or may refer to communication (s) between different devices / apparatuses via another device / apparatus (that is, requiring forwarding by another device / apparatus) . Alternatively, such communication (s) may involve one functional unit inside a device / apparatus using another functional unit within the device / apparatus to communicate with another device / apparatus. In other words, phrases such as "sending (or transmitting) information to... (an ED or a base station) " in this disclosure may be understood as a destination endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including, sending / transmitting information directly or indirectly to an ED or a base station. Similarly, phrases like "receiving information from... (an ED or a base station) " may be understood as a source endpoint of the information being an ED or a base station, including directly or indirectly receiving information from an ED or a base station. Between the source endpoint that sends the information and the destination endpoint, necessary processing such as, but not limited to, format conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, amplification, and filtering may be performed on the information. However, the destination endpoint may understand valid information from the source endpoint. A similar understanding applies to other descriptions in this disclosure without reiterating details already described. In the present disclosure, the terms "send" and "transmit" may be used interchangeably in different implementations of this disclosure.
[0068] The ED 110 is used to connect people, objects, machines, and other entities. The ED 110 may be widely used in various scenarios including, but not limited to, cellular communications, device-to-device (D2D) , vehicle to everything (V2X) , peer-to-peer (P2P) , machine-to-machine (M2M) , MTC, internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, and autonomous delivery and mobility.
[0069] Each ED 110 represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to as, but not limited to) a user equipment (UE) or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , an MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus (such as a module, modem, or chip) in the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation EDs 110 may be referred to by other terms. When an ED 110 performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED itself, one or more modules (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, performing the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0070] Each ED 110 connected to TRPs 170a-170b, and / or TRPs 172 can be dynamically or semi-statically turned-on (i.e., established, activated, or enabled) , turned-off (i.e., released, deactivated, or disabled) and / or configured in response to one of more of:connection availability and connection necessity.
[0071] Any ED 110 may be alternatively or additionally configured to interface, access, or communicate with any of the TRPs 170a, 170b and 172, the Internet 150, the CN 130, the PSTN 140, the other networks 160, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the ED 110a may communicate an uplink (UL) and / or downlink (DL) transmission over a terrestrial air interface 190a with station-TRP 170a. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110b, 110c, and 110d may also communicate directly with one another via one or more sidelink (SL) air interfaces 190b. In some examples, the EDs 110a, 110d may communicate using an UL and / or DL transmission over a non-terrestrial air interface 190c with NT-TRP 172.
[0072] An air interface (such as, for example, 190a, 190b, 190c) generally includes a number of components and associated parameters that collectively specify how a transmission is to be sent and / or received over a wireless communications link between two or more communicating devices such as EDs and base station (s) . For example, an air interface may include one or more components defining the waveform (s) , frame structure (s) , multiple access scheme (s) , protocol (s) , coding scheme (s) and / or modulation scheme (s) for conveying information (such as, data) over a wireless communications link. The air interfaces 190a and 190b may use similar communication technology, that may include any suitable radio access technology.
[0073] The non-terrestrial air interface 190c can enable communication between the EDs 110a, 110d and one or more NT-TRPs 172 via a wireless link or simply a link. For some examples, the link is a dedicated connection for unicast transmission, a connection for broadcast transmission, or a connection between a group of EDs 110 and one or more NT-TRPs 172 for multicast transmission.
[0074] The TRPs 170a-170b, 172 may communicate with one another over one or more air interfaces 190e, 190f using wireless communication links (such as radio frequency (RF) , microwave, infrared (IR) , etc. ) or wired communication links. The air interfaces 190e, 190f may utilize any suitable radio access technology, and may be substantially similar to the air interfaces 190a, 190c over which the EDs 110a-110d communicate with one or more of the TRP 170a-170b, 172 or they may be substantially different. For example, the communication system 100 may implement one or more channel access methods, such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) , Low Density Signature Multicarrier Code Division Multiple Access (LDS-MC-CDMA) , Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) , Pattern Division Multiple Access (PDMA) , Lattice Partition Multiple Access (LPMA) , Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) , and Sparse Code Multiple Access (SCMA) .
[0075] The RANs 120a and 120b are in communication with the CN 130 to provide the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c with various services such as voice, data, multimedia, and other services. The RANs 120a and 120b and / or the CN 130 may be in direct or indirect communication with one or more other RANs (not shown) , which may or may not be directly served by the CN 130, and may employ different radio access technologies from RAN 120a and / or RAN 120b. The CN 130 may also serve as a gateway access between (i) the RANs 120a and 120b and / or the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c, and (ii) other networks (such as the PSTN 140, the Internet 150, and the other networks 160) . In addition, some or all of the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may include functionality for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links using different wireless technologies and / or protocols. For example, the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c communicate using different cellular communications protocols, such as, but not limited to, a Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) protocol, a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network protocol, a Push-to-Talk (PTT) protocol, a PTT over Cellular (POC) protocol, a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) protocol, a 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, a fifth generation (5G) protocol, a New Radio (NR) protocol, and the like. Instead of wireless communication (or in addition thereto) , the EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may communicate using wired communication channels to a service provider or switch (not shown) , and / or to the Internet 150. The PSTN 140 may include circuit switched telephone networks for providing plain old telephone service (POTS) . The Internet 150 may include a network of computers and subnets (intranets) or both, and incorporate protocols, such as internet protocol (IP) , transmission control protocol (TCP) , user datagram protocol (UDP) . EDs 110a 110b, and 110c may be multimode devices capable of operation according to multiple radio access technologies, and may incorporate one or multiple transceivers necessary to support such.
[0076] In addition, the communication system 100 may comprise a sensing agent (not shown) to manage the sensed data from ED 110 and / or any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In one implementation, the sensing agent may be part of any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. In another implementation, the sensing agent is a separate node that can communicate with the CN 130 and / or the RAN 120 (such as any one of TRPs 170a, 170b, 172) .
[0077] FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration showing an apparatus 310 wirelessly communicating with another apparatus 320 within a communication system (e.g., the communication system 100) according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 310 may be an electronic device (such as ED 110) . The apparatus 320 may be a network node (e.g., the network node 170) such as T-TRP 170 or an NT-TRP 172. Although only one apparatus 310, and one apparatus 320 are shown in the figure, the number of apparatus 310 and / or number of apparatus 320 can vary, potentially including one or more of each. For example, a single ED 110 may be served by a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) , or by multiple T-TRPs 170 (or multiple NT-TRPs 172) . Similarly, a single ED 110 may be served by one or more T-TRPs 170 and one or more NT-TRPs 172. Similarly, a single T-TRP 170 (or a single NT-TRP 172) may serve one or more EDs 110.
[0078] The apparatus 310 may include one or more processors 210. For clarity and to avoid overcrowding the illustration, only a single processor 210 is illustrated. The apparatus 310 may further include a transmitter 201 and a receiver 203 coupled to one or more antennas 204. For clarity, only a single antenna 204 is illustrated. One, some, or all of the antennas 204 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may be integrated into a single unit, for example, as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by the one or more antennas 204 or a network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver may also be configured to demodulate data or other content received by the one or more antennas 204. A transceiver may include any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or for processing signals received through wireless or wired communication. Each antenna 204 includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. The apparatus 310 may include a memory 208. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 may include multiple memories 208. Only a single transmitter 201, receiver 203, processor 210, memory 208, and antenna 204 is illustrated for simplicity, but the apparatus 310 may include one or more other components. In some implementations of the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 201 and / or receiver 203) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0079] The memory 208 is configured to store instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also be configured to store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 310. For example, the memory 208 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or operations described herein and that which are executed by the one or more processors 210.
[0080] The apparatus 310 may further include one or more input / output devices (not shown) or interfaces. The input / output devices or interfaces facilitate interaction with a user or other devices in the network. Each input / output device or interface includes suitable components for facilitating transmission of information to a user and reception of information from a user, and for various network interface communications. Such components may include, but are not limited to, a speaker, microphone, keypad, keyboard, display, touch screen, and the like.
[0081] The processor 210 may be configured to perform (or control the apparatus 310 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 310. For example, the processor 210 performs or controls the apparatus 310 to perform the operations of: a) receiving one or more transport blocks (TBs) , b) using a resource for decoding at least one of the received TBs, c) releasing the resource for decoding another of the received TBs, and / or d) receiving configuration information configuring a resource. Specifically, the operations may include tasks related to: preparing a transmission for UL transmission to the apparatus 320, processing DL transmissions received from the apparatus 320, and handling SL transmission to and from another apparatus 310. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for UL transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing DL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating and decoding received symbols. Processing operations related to processing SL transmissions may include operations such as, but not limited to, transmit / receive beamforming, modulating / demodulating and encoding / decoding symbols. Depending upon the implementation, a DL transmission may be received by the receiver 203, possibly using receive beamforming, and the processor 210 may extract signaling from the DL transmission (such as by detecting and / or decoding the signaling) . An example of signaling may be a reference signal transmitted by the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 implements the transmit beamforming and / or the receive beamforming based on the indication of beam direction, such as beam angle information (BAI) , received from the apparatus 320. In some implementations, the processor 210 may be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or downlink synchronization, which includes operations for detecting a synchronization sequence, decoding and obtaining the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 210 may perform channel estimation, such as using a reference signal received from the apparatus 320.
[0082] Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 210 may either be a part of the transmitter 201 or a part of the receiver 203 or a part of both the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the memory 208 may be a part of the processor 210.
[0083] The processor 210, along with the processing components of the transmitter 201 and the receiver 203 may each be implemented by one or more processors that may the same or different. These processors are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory (such as in the memory 208) .
[0084] The apparatus 320 includes one or more processors 260 (only one processor 260 is illustrated ) . The apparatus 320 may further include one or more transmitters 252 and one or more receivers 254 coupled to one or more antennas 256. Only a single antenna 256 is illustrated to avoid clutter in the illustration. One, some, or all of the antennas 256 may alternatively be panels. In some implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 are separate from each other. In other implementations, the transmitter 252 and the receiver 254 may be integrated into a single unit such as, for example, as a transceiver. The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may include multiple memories 258. The apparatus 320 may further include a scheduler 253. Only a single transmitter 252, receiver 254, processor 260, memory 258, antenna 256 and scheduler 253 are illustrated for simplicity, however the apparatus 320 may include one or more other components. In the present disclosure, in some implementations, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0085] In some implementations, various components of the apparatus 320 may be distributed. For example, some of the modules of the apparatus 320 may be located remotely from the equipment housing the antennas 256 for the apparatus 320 (and therefore also can be viewed as one or more nodes) . These modules, which can be considered as one or more nodes, may be coupled to the equipment that houses the antennas 256 over a communication link (not shown) , sometimes referred to as front haul, such as the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI) . Therefore, in some implementations, the term apparatus 320 may also refer to network-side nodes that perform processing operations such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, resource allocation (scheduling) , message generation, and encoding / decoding, and that which are not necessarily part of the equipment that houses the antennas 256 of the apparatus 320. The nodes may also be coupled to other apparatuses 320. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may actually be a plurality of nodes that are operating together to serve the apparatus 310, such as through the use of coordinated multipoint transmissions, or through the use of ORAN system as described above in the disclosure.
[0086] The processor 260 is configured to perform operations including those related to: preparing a transmission for DL transmission to the apparatus 310, processing an UL transmission received from the apparatus 310, preparing a transmission for backhaul transmission to another apparatus 320, and processing a transmission received over backhaul from another apparatus 320. Processing operations related to preparing a transmission for DL or backhaul transmission may include operations such as, but not limited to, encoding, modulating, precoding (such as MIMO precoding) , transmit beamforming, and generating symbols for transmission. Processing operations related to processing received transmissions in the UL or over backhaul may include operations such as, but not limited to, receive beamforming, demodulating received symbols, and decoding received symbols. The processor 260 may also be configured to perform operations relating to network access (such as initial access) and / or DL synchronization, such as generating the content of synchronization signal blocks (SSBs) , generating the system information, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 is further configured to generate an indication of beam direction, such as BAI, which may be scheduled for transmission by the scheduler 253 which will be described below. In some implementations, the processor 260 implements the transmit beamforming and / or receive beamforming based on beam direction information (such as BAI) received from another apparatus 320. The processor 260 is configured to perform other network side processing operations described herein, such as, but not limited to, determining the location of the apparatus 310, determining where to deploy another apparatus 320, and the like. In some implementations, the processor 260 may generate signaling data, to configure one or more parameters of the apparatus 310 and / or one or more parameters of another apparatus 320. Any signaling data generated by the processor 260 is sent by the transmitter 252. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 implements physical layer processing. In some implementations, the apparatus 320 may perform higher layer functions such as those at the Medium Access Control (MAC) or Radio Link Control (RLC) layers in addition to physical layer processing. In the apparatus 320, the scheduler 253 may be coupled to the processor 260 or integrated within the processor 260. In some implementations, the scheduler 253 may be integrated within the apparatus 320 or may be operated separately from the apparatus 320. The scheduler 253 may schedule UL, DL, SL, and / or backhaul transmissions, including issuing scheduling grants and / or configuring scheduling-free (such as “configured grant” ) resources.
[0087] The apparatus 320 may further include a memory 258 that is configured to store instructions for performing the operations described herein. The memory 258 may also store data that is used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 320. For example, the memory 258 can store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionalities and / or implementations described herein and that which are executed by the processor 260.
[0088] Although not illustrated, the processor 260 may be implemented as part of the transmitter 252 and / or a part of the receiver 254. Although not illustrated, in some implementations, the processor 260 may implement the scheduler 253 and the memory 258 may be implemented as part of the processor 260.
[0089] The processor 260, the scheduler 253, the processing components of the transmitter 252, and the processing components of the receiver 254 may each be implemented by the same or different processors that are configured to execute instructions stored in a memory, such as in the memory 258.
[0090] The apparatus 320 and / or the apparatus 310 may include other components, not shown or described herein for the sake of clarity.
[0091] Note that the term “signaling” , as used herein, may alternatively be referred to as control signaling, control message, control information, or message for simplicity. Signaling between a base station (such as the TRP 170a. 170b, 172) and a UE or sensing device (such as ED 110) , or signaling between a different UE or sensing device (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be carried in physical layer signaling (also called as dynamic signaling) , which is transmitted in a physical layer control channel. For DL, the physical layer signaling may be known as downlink control information (DCI) which is transmitted in a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) . For UL, the physical layer signaling may be known as uplink control information (UCI) which is transmitted in a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) . For SL, signaling between different UEs or sensing devices (such as between ED 110a and ED 110b) may be known as SL control information (SCI) which is transmitted in a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . Signaling may be carried in a higher layer (such as higher than physical layer) signaling, which is transmitted in a physical layer data channel, such as in a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) for downlink signaling, in a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) for uplink signaling, and in a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) for SL signaling. Higher layer signaling may also be called static signaling, or semi-static signaling. The higher layer signaling may include radio resource control (RRC) protocol signaling or media access control -control element (MAC-CE) signaling. Signaling may be included in a combination of physical layer signaling and higher layer signaling.
[0092] It should be noted that in the present disclosure, “information” , when different from “message” , may be carried within a single message, or may be carried in multiple separate messages.
[0093] FIG. 4 illustrates an example apparatus 410 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 410 may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device such as the ED 110 or the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172. For example, the apparatus 410 implemented in an ED may be an integrated circuit, which in some instances may be referred to as a chip, a modem, a modem chip, a baseband chip, or a baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus 410 can include one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within the ED 110, or within the apparatus 310. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be a module within one of the TRPs 170a, 170b, 172, or the apparatus 320.
[0094] In an example, the apparatus 410 may include one or more processors 411, and an interface circuit 412. The apparatus 410 may further include a memory 413. The one or more processors 411 are configured to process signals and execute one or more communication protocols. The memory 413 is configured to store at least a part of corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. In an example, the one or more processors 411 execute the computer program instructions stored in the memory 413 to implement related operations (for example, inputting, outputting, receiving, and transmitting) in the method embodiments disclosed herein. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store all of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data for execution by the one or more processors 411. In some implementations, the memory 413 being configured to store the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may mean that the memory 413 is configured to store a part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data. For example, the part of the corresponding computer program instructions and / or data may include computer program instructions and / or data that need to be currently executed by the one or more processors 411. Thus, the memory 413 may store different parts of computer program instructions and / or data for a plurality of times for the one or more processors 411 to perform related operations in the method embodiments disclosed herein. As a communication interface, the interface circuit 412 is configured to implement communication with another component. For example, the interface circuit 412 may communicate a signal with another apparatus or system, such as a radio frequency processing apparatus or another processor. The signal may include or carry information intended as a payload, such as user data, control information, etc. The signal may also include or carry information useful to a receiver, but not necessarily as a payload, such as a pilot signal or reference signal. Communicating the signal may include transmitting the signal to another component or device. Communicating the signal may additionally or alternatively include receiving the signal from another component or device. Transmitting the signal may include outputting the signal to a component or device that is directly or indirectly coupled to the interface circuit 412. Receiving the signal may include inputting or obtaining the signal from a component or device that is directly or indirectly couped to the interface circuit 412. Optionally, to reduce a load of the one or more processors, a baseband signal processing circuit 414 may be also disposed to implement processing of at least a part of baseband signals, including signal demodulation, modulation, encoding, decoding, or the like.
[0095] The apparatus 410 may be the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) , in some scenarios, or may be included within the processor 210 (or 260) within the apparatus 310 (or 320) in some scenarios. The apparatus 410 may be a baseband chip or may include a baseband chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be independently packaged into a chip. In some implementations, the apparatus 310 (or 320) includes different types of chips. The apparatus 410 may be packaged into a processor chip (for example, an SoC chip or an SIP chip) with the different types of chips. In some implementations, the apparatus 410 may be packaged into a chip with some or all of circuits of a radio frequency processing system that may further be included in the apparatus 310 (or 320) .
[0096] FIG. 5 illustrates example apparatus 510 according to an implementation of the present disclosure. The apparatus 510 may include corresponding modules or units configured to implement methods and / or implementations described herein. In some implementations, the apparatus 510 includes a processing unit 512 and a communication unit 513. Optionally, the apparatus 510 may further include a storage unit 511 configured to store apparatus program code (or instructions) and / or data.
[0097] The apparatus 510 may be an ED side apparatus, for example, an ED or a module in an ED, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in an ED. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be the apparatus 310. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 210. The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 201 and / or the receiver 203 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 208.
[0098] The apparatus 510 may be a base station side apparatus, for example, a base station or a module in a base station, or a circuit or a chip responsible for a communication function in a base station. In some implementations, apparatus 510 may be apparatus 320. The processing unit 512 may be the processor 260 (the scheduler 253 may also be included) . The communication unit 513 may comprise a receiving unit and / or a transmitting unit. The receiving unit and / or the transmitting unit may be the transmitter 252 and / or the receiver 254 respectively. The storage unit 511 may be the memory 258.
[0099] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is an ED 110 or a module in an ED 110, a function of the apparatus 510 may be implemented by one or more processors. Specifically, the processor may include a modem chip, or a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by a transceiver circuit.
[0100] In some implementations, when the apparatus 510 is a circuit or a chip that is responsible for a communication function in an ED 110, -such as a modem chip, a system on chip (SoC) chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem core -a function of the processing unit 512 may be implemented by a circuit system within the chip which includes one or more processors. A function of the communication unit 513 may be implemented by an interface circuit or a data transceiver circuit on the chip.
[0101] It may be understood that the units in the apparatus 510 may be logical or functional. Each function may correspond to one functional unit, or two or more functions may be integrated into a single functional unit. In actual implementation, all or some of the units may be integrated into a single physical entity, or may be distributed across different physical entities. In addition, the functional units may be implemented in the form of hardware, software, or a combination of hardware and software. Whether a function is implemented in the form of hardware or software depends on particular applications and design constraint conditions of the technical solutions. A person skilled in the art may use different methods to implement the described functions for specific applications, but it should not be considered that the implementation goes beyond the scope of this disclosure.
[0102] In an example, a functional unit in any one of the apparatuses may be configured as one or more integrated circuits for implementing the methods disclosed herein, for example, as one or more application-specific integrated circuits (application-specific integrated circuits, ASICs) , one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more microprocessors or microprocessor units (MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers or microcontroller units (MCUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , or a combination of these.
[0103] In an example, the storage unit 511 may include a random access memory, a flash memory, a read-only memory, a programmable read-only memory, an electrically erasable programmable memory, and / or a register.
[0104] A processor may be referred to as a processor system, an application processor, a baseband processor, a processor circuit, or a processor core. The processor may include one or a combination of one or more central processing units (CPUs) , one or more digital signal processors (DSPs) , one or more microprocessors (microprocessor units, MPUs) , one or more microcontrollers (microcontroller units, MCUs) , one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , one or more artificial intelligence processors (AI processors) , or one or more neural network processing units (NPUs) .
[0105] Memory or a storage unit may include one or more of the following storage media: a random access memory (RAM) , a static random access memory (static RAM, SRAM) , a dynamic random access memory (dynamic RAM, DRAM) , a phase-change memory (PCM) , a resistive random access memory (resistive RAM, ReRAM) , a magnetoresistive random access memory (magnetoresistive RAM, MRAM) , a ferroelectric random access memory (ferroelectric RAM, FRAM) , a cache, a register, a read-only memory (ROM) , a flash memory (flash memory) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable programmable ROM, EPROM) , a hard disk, and the like. In an example, computer program instructions used to execute embodiments may be stored in a non-volatile memory, for example, at least a part of a memory or storage unit (for example, one or more of a ROM, a flash memory, an EPROM, or a hard disk) . When a terminal runs, a part or all of corresponding computer program instructions may be loaded to a memory that has a higher transmission speed with the processor, for example, at least a part of a memory or a storage unit (for example, one or more of a RAM, an SRAM, a DRAM, a PCM, a RERAM, an MRAM, a FRAM, a cache, or a register) , so that the processor executes the computer program instructions to perform the steps in the method embodiments disclosed herein.
[0106] High accuracy sensing and localization with the current 5G-NR positioning techniques may require tight synchronization between the sensing or positioning nodes, which might not be feasible. For example, centimeter-level positioning accuracy may need very tight synchronization (< 0.1 ns) between positioning anchors, which may be challenging for the “active” sensing / localization anchors who have their own RF circuitry including an oscillator, clocks, etc. This imposes significant hardware constraint on the nodes in terms of using high-end materials or technology, which makes such high accuracy positioning infeasible.
[0107] An alternative approach would be to define positioning or sensing anchors which do not independently transmit RF signals, and hence would not introduce any timing error of their own in the sensing / localization process. One category of such anchors is virtual transmission points (vTPs) which are defined as the mirror images of the actual transmitting “active” anchors over the reflective surface of an object. There can be at least two advantages associated with this approach: (i) Eliminating the timing synchronization error between anchors, since vTP can be considered as an anchor with total synchronization with the actual TP; (ii) Eliminating the Non-Line of Sight (NLOS) bias as each multi-path component can be considered as a line-of-sight (LOS) link between a vTP and the UE. The vTPs can also be considered as reference points (RPs or RfPs) or positioning reference points (PRPs) . In this application, the term “reference point” or “RP” can refer to a fixed, active or passive, position or object used to orient itself or to make comparisons. RPs can serve as a basis for measurement or evaluation. In some implementations, a reference point can be referred to as a positioning reference point (PRP) when it is used for sensing and / or positioning. In this application, the terms “reference point, ” “RfP, ” “RP, ” “positioning reference point, ” and “PRP” can be used interchangeably unless otherwise noted.
[0108] Introducing the notion of PRPs or RPs can expand the scope of anchors in future generations of communication networks. Positioning reference points in general can be either active, semi-active, or entirely passive. As shown in FIG. 6, a TRP 602 can be considered as an active PRP, and a wireless relay 604 can be considered as a semi-active PRP, while a vTP 606 can be considered as a passive PRP. Referring to FIG. 6, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) 608 can also be considered as a PRP. Existing approaches for positioning may be limited due to lack of association definition between the positioning anchors to be exploited in the positioning process. FIG. 6 shows that received signal at a UE 610 can be categorized into different types. One or more implementations in this application provide methods of indicating a PRP to a target UE (e.g., the UE 610) and a positioning procedure.
[0109] Current positioning techniques in 5G-NR include downlink / uplink time difference of arrival (DL / UL-TDOA) and downlink angle of departure (DL-AoD) or uplink angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning in NR. DL-TDOA is a positioning methodology that determines the difference between the time-of-arrival (ToA) of radio signals. DL-TDOA can be used in a real-time location system (RTLS) to accurately calculate the location of tracked entities, such as tracking tags affixed to personnel or key assets, in real time. For optimal performance, it is necessary that the fixed anchors are accurately synchronized to operate on the same clock.
[0110] UL-TDOA is similar to DL-TDOA. However, this is a positioning technology based on uplink signals. The base station measures the uplink relative time of arrival (UL-RTOA) for the enhanced detection of a sensing reference signal (SRS) received by multiple TRPs at different locations and reports measurements related to UL-TDOA to the location server. The location server then determines the terminal's position based on the SRS received from the multiple TRPs.
[0111] However, TDOA schemes are limited by the synchronization error (in time domain / spatial domain) of the positioning anchors, where centimeter-level accuracy requires a synchronization error of less than 0.1 ns, and may be cost intensive and energy intensive to achieve.
[0112] In DL-AoD, the terminal measures and reports the received power of the downlink reference signal beam (i.e., the DL Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) of each base station's beam) and estimates the terminal's position angle based on the direction of the transmitted beam. The location server (or the Location Management Function (LMF) ) solves the equation group based on the estimated values from multiple base stations to obtain the terminal position. For instance, the LMF obtains the measurements from different TRPs (e.g., at least three TRPs for 3D positioning) and solves the equations to obtain the position coordinates x, y, z, based on these measurements.
[0113] UL-AoA is similar to DL-AoD, however UL-AoA is a positioning technology based on uplink signals. Multiple base stations measure the angle of arrival of the terminal's uplink signal, report the angle of arrival of the uplink signal to the location server, and the location server solves the equation group based on the measured angles from multiple base stations to obtain the terminal position. For instance, the LMF obtains the measurements from different TRPs (e.g., at least three TRPs for 3D positioning) and solves the equations to obtain the position coordinates x, y, z, based on these measurements.
[0114] Although synchronization is not required between the positioning anchors, a drawback in AoA / AoD schemes may be the significant hardware-software complexity and high cost required to obtain precise angular information, the high sensitivity to multipath, and increase in location uncertainty with distance.
[0115] Some aspects of the present disclosure relate to improving the positioning accuracy in the future generations of communication networks by providing a method for indication of positioning anchors. The methods of positioning reference point (PRP) indication include the steps of transmitting from a network (NW) or transmit (TX) sensing node to the target UE an indication of at least one PRP set. For example, FIG. 7 illustrates two PRP sets PRP set #1 and PRP set #2. As shown in FIG. 7, each of the at least one PRP set includes a plurality of PRPs, which are associated with each other in some domains (e.g., time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain) . For example, the PRP set #1 of FIG. 7 includes PRPs such as TRP #1, PRP # (1, 1) , PRP #(1, 2) , PRP # (1, 3) , and PRP # (1, 4) . The PRP set #2 of FIG. 7 includes PRPs such as TRP #2, PRP # (2, 1) , PRP # (2, 2) , PRP # (2, 3) , and PRP # (2, 4) . In some implementations, a timing relationship can exist between the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set. In the example of FIG. 7, a timing relationship can exist between TRP #1, PRP # (1, 1) , PRP # (1, 2) , PRP # (1, 3) , and PRP # (1, 4) of the PRP set #1, and another timing relationship can exist between TRP #2, PRP # (2, 1) , PRP # (2, 2) , PRP # (2, 3) , and PRP # (2, 4) of the PRP set #2. The timing relationship can include timing differences with respect to one PRP in each PRP set (e.g., TRP #1 in PRP set #1 or TRP #2 in PRP set #2) .
[0116] Aspects of the present disclosure are related to providing methods for obtaining high accuracy positioning information for a target UE or a group of target UEs (for example, in cases using broadcast information) . The methods representative of aspects of the present disclosure are related to associating groups of PRPs to certain TRPs and indicating them and their associated parameters as groups to target UEs. The advantage of using the methods representative of aspects of the present disclosure is to eliminate the adverse impact of time synchronization offset between the positioning anchors by allowing the target UE to jointly process the measurements corresponding to the PRPs in the same set. Since the PRPs in the same set are associated in a deterministic way, by knowing this association information, the target UE can process the measurements as if the PRPs are fully synchronized.
[0117] An aspect of the present disclosure is related to transmitting a binary indication from the TRP to the UE denoting the availability of a PRP set or a group of PRP sets as an associated group to the TRP.
[0118] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to definitions of the PRP set by the NW which includes a plurality of PRPs for which some association exists in a domain. Additionally, aspects of the present disclosure involve transmission of at least one indication of the association information by the TRP to the target UE.
[0119] Aspects of the present disclosure are related to defining an association between the PRPs within a same PRP set and the TRP in time, spatial, or frequency domains.
[0120] Another aspect of the present disclosure is related to the target UE’s behavior when processing the received indication of the PRP sets and the individual PRPs in each PRP set and their association information to obtain high accuracy position information by employing TDOA, TDOA+AoA or other similar techniques.
[0121] According to various implementations of the present disclosure, three nodes or terminals may be involved in the sensing procedures, namely, a sensing management function (SMF) , a target UE, and a TRP. The SMF may be implemented as physical network entity or a logical network entity. The SMF may be shown to orchestrate sensing procedures representative of aspects of the present disclosure. At the target UE, the logical network entity version of the SMF may, for example, be a standalone implementation or may be a part of the SMF.
[0122] Functions of the target UE may include, but are not limited to, receiving parts of a configuration of a sensing signal from the SMF, transmitting signals to a plurality of TRPs and receiving signals from a plurality of TRPs. In some implementations, the target UE may be a sensing receive (RX) node, a mobile terminal, or a user equipment.
[0123] Functions of a TRP may include, but are not limited to, receiving parts of a configuration of sensing signals and sensing patterns from the SMF, transmitting positioning signals and sensing signals to the target UE, fusing measurements received from the target UE, and receiving measurement reports from the target UE. In some implementations, the TRP may be a sensing TX node, a TP, an active wireless relay, or a semi-active wireless relay.
[0124] In some implementations, a TRP may be separate from a network device or the sensing SMF as illustrated in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9. In other implementations, the TRP may be co-located with the network device or the SMF, or the TRP and the SMF may be part of a same network device as illustrated in FIG. 10 and FIG. 11.
[0125] According to an implementation of the present disclosure, the method includes transmitting, from either the NW node or the SMF, an indication of one or more PRP sets to the sensing RX node or the target UE. Each PRP set includes a plurality of PRPs which are associated with each other in the time domain. The method further includes transmitting, from either the NW node or the SMF, at least one indication of the association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set, to the sensing RX node or the target UE. In other words, a configuration corresponding to the one or more PRP sets can include the indication of the one or more PRP sets and the at least one indication of the association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set.
[0126] The target UE’s behavior is described according to various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0127] FIG. 8 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method 800 for reference point indication, where a TRP is not a part of a SMF or a network node. As illustrated in FIG. 8, a sensing RX node or a target UE 806 receives an indication of one or more PRP sets and at least one indication of association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from a NW node or a SMF 802. For example, at 808, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 receives the indication of one or more PRP sets from the NW node or the SMF 802. At 810, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 receives the at least one indication of the association information from the NW node or the SMF 802. The sensing RX node or the target UE 806 receives sensing or positioning signals and associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. For example, at 812, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 receives the sensing or positioning signals from a sensing TX node (also referred to as a TRP) 804. At 814, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. At 816, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 then determines delay values of the sensing or positioning signals based on the received association information. In some implementations, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 can determine initial delay values associated with the PRPs in each PRP set based on the sensing or positioning signals. The sensing RX node or the target UE 806 can determine the delay values by modifying the initial delay values of the received sensing or positioning signals based on the association information. At 818, the sensing RX node or the target UE 806 then obtains position information for each PRP set and fuses the position information of all the PRP sets. At 820, the RX node or the target UE 806 may then feedback the fused position information to the network node or the SMF 802. In some implementations, there may be only one PRP set. In such cases, the RX node or the target UE 806 does not need to perform any fusing operation and may feedback the position information of the single PRP set.
[0128] FIG. 9 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method 900 for reference point indication, where a TRP is not a part of a SMF or a network node. As illustrated in FIG. 9, a sensing RX node or a target UE 906 receives an indication of one or more PRP sets and at least one indication of association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from a NW node (also referred to as a SMF) 902. For example, at 908, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 receives the indication of one or more PRP sets from the NW node or the SMF 902. At 910, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 receives the at least one indication of the association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from the NW node or the SMF 902. The sensing RX node or the target UE 906 receives sensing or positioning signals and associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. For example, at 912, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 receives the sensing or positioning signals from a sensing TX node (also referred to as a TRP) 904. At 914, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. At 916, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 then determines delay values of the sensing or positioning signals based on the received association information. In some implementations, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 can determine initial delay values associated with the PRPs in each PRP set based on the sensing or positioning signals. The sensing RX node or the target UE 906 can determine the delay values (e.g., modified delay values) by modifying the initial delay values of the received sensing or positioning signals based on the association information. At 918, the sensing RX node or the target UE 906 may feedback modified measurements (e.g., the modified delay values) to the sensing TX node or the TRP 904. In some implementations, the modified measurements are indexed with corresponding PRP set indices and the PRP indices. At 920, the TRP or the sensing TX node 904 can perform a process of calculating the position information of each PRP set based on the corresponding modified delay values. At 920, the TRP or the sensing TX node 904 can also fuse the position information of each PRP set. Optionally, at 922, the sensing TX node or the TRP 904 may feedback the fused position information to the network node or the SMF 902. In some implementations, there may be only one PRP set. In such cases, the sensing TX node or the TRP 904 does not need to perform any fusing operation and may feedback the position information of the single PRP set.
[0129] FIG. 10 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method 1000 for reference point indication, where a TRP is a part of a SMF or a network node. As illustrated in FIG. 10, a target UE (also referred to a sensing RX node) 1006 receives an indication of one or more PRP sets and at least one indication of association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from a TRP 1002. For example, at 1008, the target UE 1006 receives the indication of one or more PRP sets from the TRP 1002. At 1010, the target UE 1006 receives the at least one indication of the association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from the TRP 1002. The target UE 1006 receives sensing or positioning signals and associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. For example, at 1012, the target UE 1006 receives the sensing or positioning signals from the TRP 1002. At 1014, the target UE 1006 associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. At 1016, the target UE 1006 then determines delay values of the sensing or positioning signals based on the received association information. In some implementations, the target UE 1006 can determine initial delay values associated with the PRPs in each PRP set based on the sensing or positioning signals. The target UE 1006 can determine the delay values (e.g., modified delay values) by modifying the initial delay values of the received sensing or positioning signals based on the association information. At 1018, the target UE 1006 then obtains the position information for each PRP set and fuses the position information of all the PRP sets. At 1020, the target UE 1006 may then feedback the fused position information to the TRP 1002. In some implementations, there may be only one PRP set. In such cases, the target UE 1006 does not need to perform any fusing operation and may feedback the position information of the single PRP set.
[0130] FIG. 11 illustrates a flow chart of an example communication method 1100 for reference point indication, where a TRP is a part of a SMF or a network node. As illustrated in FIG. 11, a target UE (also referred to a sensing RX node) 1106 receives an indication of one or more PRP sets and at least one indication of association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from a TRP 1102. For example, at 1108, the target UE 1106 receives the indication of one or more PRP sets from the TRP 1102. At 1110, the target UE 1106 receives the at least one indication of association information corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set from the TRP 1102. The target UE 1106 receives sensing or positioning signals and associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. For example, at 1112, the target UE 1106 receives the sensing or positioning signals from the TRP 1102. At 1114, the target UE 1106 associates the received sensing or positioning signals to the respective PRPs in each PRP set. At 1116, the target UE 1106 then determines delay values of the sensing or positioning signals based on the received association information. In some implementations, the target UE 1106 can determine initial delay values associated with the PRPs in each PRP set based on the sensing or positioning signals. The target UE 1106 can determine the delay values (e.g., modified delay values) by modifying the initial delay values of the received sensing or positioning signals based on the association information. At 1118, the target UE 1106 may feedback the modified measurements (e.g., the modified delay values) to the TRP 1102. In some implementations, the modified measurements are indexed with corresponding PRP set indices and the PRP indices. At 1120, the TRP 1102 performs a process of calculating the position information of each PRP set based on the corresponding modified delay values. At 1120, the TRP 1102 can also fuse the position information of each PRP set. In some implementations, there may be only one PRP set. In such cases, the TRP 1102 does not need to perform any fusing operation.
[0131] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to method for associating a PRP set to a specific TRP as illustrated in FIG. 12. In some implementations, the indication of one or more PRP sets received by the target UE (e.g., at 808 of FIG. 8, 908 of FIG. 9, 1008 of FIG. 10, or 1108 of FIG. 11) can be a PRP set index corresponding to each PRP set of the one or more PRP sets and a PRP index corresponding to each PRP of the plurality of PRPs in each PRP set of the one or more PRP sets. For example, the PRP set index can be an index k for each PRP set #k of FIG. 12. The index k can be an integer between 1 and N, where N is the total number of PRP sets in the one or more PRP sets. Each PRP index can be (k, i) for a respective PRP in the PRP set #k of FIG. 12. The value i can be an integer between 0 and M-1, where M is the total number of PRPs in the PRP set #k. For example, in the example of FIG. 12, the PRP set #k has five PRPs including one TRP, and the PRP set indices can include TRP #k (also referred to as PRP #(k, 0) ) , PRP # (k, 1) , PRP # (k, 2) , PRP # (k, 3) , and PRP # (k, 4) .
[0132] In some implementations, the TRP (e.g., the TRP 804, the TRP 904, the TRP 1002, or the TRP 1102) may transmit its position (x0, y0, z0) . The coordinate value (x0, y0, z0) represents a location in a 3D space, where x is the latitude, y is the latitude, and z is the height or altitude. In an implementation, the TRP (e.g., the TRP 804, the TRP 904, the TRP 1002, or the TRP 1102) may transmit, in addition to its position (x0, y0, z0) , a binary indication PRPSetExist to the target UE (e.g., the target UE 806, 906, 1006, or 1106) indicating the availability of PRP sets for a particular TRP. If PRPSetExist=0, there is no PRP set for that particular TRP, and hence the information may be processed in the same way as the baseline using current positioning techniques in NR, e.g., DL-TDOA, DL-AoD, or Multi Round Trip Time (M-RTT) . If PRPSetExist=1, it denotes that there is at least one PRP set or at least one PRP having a timing association with the TRP that exists. If PRPSetExist=1, detailed information about the PRP set may be available as follows:
[0133] A vector containing the location of the PRPs can be in the form of N can be a quantity of the PRPs in a PRP set. The coordinate value (xi, yi, zi) can represent a location of the i-th PRP in the PRP set, wherein i is an integer and 1 ≤ i ≤ N. In some embodiments, the location can be expressed with reference to the TRP position, i.e. where (Δxi, Δyi, Δzi) = (xi, yi, zi) - (x0, y0, z0) .
[0134] Aspects of the present disclosure relate to indicating timing association information to the target UE as illustrated in Table 1. That is, the association information received by the target UE (e.g., at 810 of FIG. 8, 910 of FIG. 9, 1010 of FIG. 10, or 1110 of FIG. 11) can be the timing association information. This indication denotes the methods of adjustments of timing measurement from each PRP in reference to the timing measurement of the TRP.
[0135] Table 1: Indication of timing association
[0136] In an implementation, timing measurement (e.g., the association information) can be indicated in the form of Δti for PRP #i. If PRP #i is a vTP (passive reference point) , then Δti = 0, otherwise, Δti can be computed from where d0i denotes the distance between TRP and PRP #i, c is the speed of light and t*is a configurable delay (in case of wireless relay) .
[0137] In another implementation, Δti can be expressed as Δti=MiTs where Mi∈Z can be bounded between -Mmax, Mmax, and Ts is the time unit which can be configured based on the required accuracy. The PRP field may also contain a signature index which implies the delta between the signal configuration sent by the TRP and the signal received from a particular PRP.
[0138] In yet another implementation, the target UE may first associate the received signals to each PRP index including a PRP set index and a PRP index within the set (e.g., at 814-816, 914-916, 1014-1016, or 1114-1116) by employing the configuration information about the individual PRPs and PRP sets as illustrated in FIG. 13. The procedure is described as follows.
[0139] For PRP set #i from 1: N (where i represents an index for each PRP set and can be an integer between 1 and N:
[0140] For PRP index from (i, 1) : (i, Ni) :
[0141] modified delay values for the PRP (i, k) can be determined using:
[0142] where τi, k denotes the measured delay received from the PRP index (i, k) and Δti, k is the association information already communicated to the target UE.
[0143] In some implementations, the target UE can obtain the PRP sets which provide enough equations to obtain target UE position single-handedly. If Sen denotes the list of PRP sets, for each PRP set i∈Sen, the target UE can calculate its position using the modified delay values along with possible angle information and obtains its own position
[0144] The target UE can fuse the estimated positions (e.g., at 818 or 1018) . In some implementations, the fusion operation can be performed using weighted average such as where is the fused position, and wi are some weights. In some implementations, the target UE shall fuse the estimated position inter-PRP set instead of fusing the measurements for the PRPs. In case Sen is empty, the TRP may send a notification to the NW and the NW may configure the UE to fall back positioning mode (e.g., NR) .
[0145] In some implementations, the target UE can transmit the modified measurements to the TRP (e.g., at 918 or 1118) . For example, the modified measurements can be the one or more modified delay values (e.g., the modified delay values ) associated with the PRPs in each PRP set. The target UE can transmit the one or more modified delay values indexed with PRP set index and PRP index. For example, transmitting the one or more modified delay values can include transmitting a PRP index corresponding to each PRP in a respective PRP set and transmitting a PRP set index corresponding to each PRP set of the one or more PRP sets. Accordingly, the TRP can determine a fused position of the target UE (e.g., at 920 or 1120) by jointly process the one or more modified delay values (e.g., using a weighted average method described above) .
[0146] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0147] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0148] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0149] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0150] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0151] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0152] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0153] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0154] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the other programmable data processing device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0155] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
[0156] Acronyms / Abbreviations / Initialisms
Claims
1.A method comprising:receiving a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets; anddetermining one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the configuration.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points is indicated in the configuration.3.The method of claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the timing relationship comprises timing differences with respect to one reference point in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein receiving the configuration comprises receiving the configuration indicating a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets and a reference point index corresponding to each reference point of the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising:receiving a plurality of sensing signals; andassociating the plurality of sensing signals with the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.6.The method of claim 5, wherein determining the one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points comprises:determining one or more initial delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the plurality of sensing signals; andprocessing the one or more initial delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points to obtain one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising transmitting the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.8.The method of claim 7, wherein transmitting the one or more modified delay values comprises transmitting a reference point index corresponding to each reference point in the plurality of reference points, and a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.9.The method of claim 6, further comprising determining a position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the one or more modified delay values.10.The method of claim 9, wherein determining the position information comprises jointly processing the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in a same reference point set.11.The method of claim 9 or claim 10, further comprising:determining an estimated position based on the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets; andtransmitting the estimated position.12.The method of claim 11, wherein determining the estimated position comprises fusing the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.13.A method comprising:transmitting a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the timing relationship between the plurality of reference points is indicated in the configuration.15.The method of claim 13 or claim 14, wherein the timing relationship comprises timing differences with respect to one reference point in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.16.The method of any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein transmitting the configuration comprises transmitting the configuration indicating a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets and a reference point index corresponding to each reference point of the plurality of reference points.17.The method of any one of claims 13 to 16, further comprising:transmitting a plurality of sensing signals.18.The method of claim 17, further comprising:receiving an estimated position of a terminal device.19.The method of claim 17, further comprisingreceiving one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points.20.The method of claim 19, wherein receiving the one or more modified delay values comprises receiving a reference point index corresponding to each reference point in the plurality of reference points, and a reference point set index corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.21.The method of claim 19, further comprising determining a position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets based on the one or more modified delay values.22.The method of claim 21, wherein determining the position information comprises jointly processing the one or more modified delay values associated with the plurality of reference points in a same reference point set.23.The method of claim 21, further comprising determining an estimated position based on the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.24.The method of claim 23, wherein determining the estimated position comprises fusing the position information corresponding to each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.25.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or claims 13 to 24.26.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a receiving unit configured to receive a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets; anda processing unit configured to determine one or more delay values associated with the plurality of reference points based on the configuration.27.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:a transmitting unit configured to transmit a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.28.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to receive a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.29.The communication apparatus of claim 25, comprising:one or more processors; andan interface circuit configured to transmit a configuration corresponding to one or more reference point sets, each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets comprising a plurality of reference points, wherein a timing relationship exists between the plurality of reference points in each reference point set of the one or more reference point sets.30.The communication apparatus of claim 28 or claim 29, wherein the interface circuit comprises one or more transceivers.31.An apparatus comprising:one or more processors; andone or more memories storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or claims 13 to 24.32.A communication system, wherein the communication system comprises a first communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 and a second communication apparatus configured to perform the method of any one of claims 13 to 24.33.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or claims 13 to 24.34.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 12 or claims 13 to 24.
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