Methods for enhancements on multi-radio access technology operations supporting voice call service
The MR-DS system addresses latency issues in 5G-6G coexistence by enabling UEs to register with both networks and perform targeted frequency searches, ensuring fast voice service connectivity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/114279
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-14
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-13
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-19
AI Technical Summary
In the early phase of 6G deployment, UEs using data services via 6G cells need to switch to 5G cells for voice services, leading to increased latency due to lengthy cell search times across all supported 5G frequencies.
Implementing a multi-RAT dual stack (MR-DS) system that allows UEs to register with both 5G and 6G networks, enabling them to receive a cause indication for voice services and trigger specific frequency searches only when necessary, reducing latency by fast switching to 5G cells.
Reduces voice call setup latency by allowing UEs to quickly identify and connect to 5G cells supporting voice services, enhancing voice call service performance in 5G-6G coexistence scenarios.
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Figure CN2025114279_19022026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
METHODS FOR ENHANCEMENTS ON MULTI-RADIO ACCESS TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS SUPPORTING VOICE CALL SERVICECROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED PATENT APPLICATION (S)
[0001] The present disclosure is part of a non-provisional application claiming the priority benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 63 / 682,827, filed 14 August 2024, the content of which herein being incorporated by reference in its entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present disclosure is generally related to mobile communications and, more particularly, to enhancements on multi-radio access technology (RAT) operations supporting voice call service.BACKGROUND
[0003] Unless otherwise indicated herein, approaches described in this section are not prior art to the claims listed below and are not admitted as prior art by inclusion in this section.
[0004] For current network implementations, one BS is operable to provide radio coverage to a specific geographical area using one or more cells to form a radio access network. The BS may support the operations of the cell (s) , and each cell may be operable to provide services to mobile phones and other mobile devices within its radio coverage by utilizing at least one RAT. Depending on the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, mobile phones and any mobile devices are varyingly known as user equipment (UE) , terminal equipment (TE) , mobile stations (MS) , or mobile termination (MT) , etc. Examples of different 3GPP RATs include 2nd generation (2G) Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , 3rd generation (3G) Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) , 4th generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) , 5th generation (5G) New Radio (NR) , beyond 5G (B5G) , and 6th Generation (6G) . Examples of different non-3GPP RATs include wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi) , Bluetooth (BT) , Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) , etc.
[0005] For 6G deployment, the phase of 5G-to-6G migration and 5G-6G coexistence is inevitable, and it is possible that the UE has to connect or associate to both 5G network and 6G network at the same time. For example, there is a case where some services may be available (only) on 5G network and other services may be (only) available on 6G network, e.g., data service is available via 6G and some important service such as the voice service is only available via 5G since Voice over 6G may not be available in the early phase of 6G deployment. As a result, when the UE is currently using data services via 6G cell (s) , and needs to use the voice service (e.g., to receive a mobile-terminated (MT) voice call) , the UE would have to switch to 5G / NR cell (s) to obtain the voice service. However, it may take a long time for the UE to search for a suitable cell across all supported 5G / NR frequencies, causing an increase in the latency of voice call setup.
[0006] Accordingly, how to design UE and NW operations across different RATs to support the voice service with reduced latency has become an important issue for newly developed wireless communication systems. Therefore, there is a need to provide proper schemes to address this issue.SUMMARY
[0007] The following summary is illustrative only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. That is, the following summary is provided to introduce concepts, highlights, benefits, and advantages of the novel and non-obvious techniques described herein. Select implementations are further described below in the detailed description. Thus, the following summary is not intended to identify essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended for use in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
[0008] One objective of the present disclosure is proposing schemes, concepts, designs, systems, methods, and apparatus pertaining to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service. It is believed that the above-described issues would be avoided or otherwise alleviated by implementing one or more of the proposed schemes described herein.
[0009] In one aspect, a method may involve an apparatus registering with a wireless network, which supports operations over both a first RAT and a second RAT, via a first cell utilizing the first RAT and a second cell utilizing the second RAT. The method may involve the apparatus receiving a message from the wireless network via the second cell of the second RAT, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service. The method may further involve the apparatus transmitting at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message to the wireless network via a selected cell of the first RAT.
[0010] In one aspect, a method may involve a network node receiving a registration request message from an apparatus via at least one of a first cell utilizing a first RAT and a second cell utilizing a second RAT, wherein the registration request message indicates a registration type for operations over both the first RAT and the second RAT. The method may also involve the network node transmitting a registration accept message to the apparatus via the at least one of the first cell and the second cell, wherein the registration accept message comprises at least one TAI associated with the first cell and the second cell. The method may further involve the network node transmitting a message to the apparatus via the second cell of the second RAT based on the at least one TAI, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service. The method may further involve the network node receiving at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message from the apparatus via one of the one or more cells of the first RAT, wherein the voice service is not supported via the second RAT.
[0011] It is noteworthy that, although description provided herein may be in the context of certain radio access technologies, networks and network topologies such as Long-Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced, LTE-Advanced Pro, 5th Generation (5G) , New Radio (NR) , Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) , beyond 5G (B5G) , and 6th Generation (6G) , the proposed concepts, schemes and any variation (s) / derivative (s) thereof may be implemented in, for and by other types of radio access technologies, networks and network topologies. Thus, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the examples described herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of the present disclosure. The drawings illustrate implementations of the disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure. It is appreciable that the drawings are not necessarily in scale as some components may be shown to be out of proportion than the size in actual implementation in order to clearly illustrate the concept of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 1 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0014] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of core network components under the current 5G NR framework.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of core network components of an e5GC network in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the logical representation of “ (e) 5GC” network components in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0017] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of an MR-DS UE connecting to both 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 6 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the registration procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 7 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the paging procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 8 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the coding for the Access Technology Identifier in Table 1 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 9 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the logical representation of “ (e) 5GC” network components in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 10 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of the data session establishment procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 11 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of subsequent signaling / operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 12 is a diagram depicting an example scenario of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 13 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 14 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 15 is a diagram depicting another example scenario of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an example communication system in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 17 is a flowchart of an example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 18 is a flowchart of another example process in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED IMPLEMENTATIONS
[0031] Detailed embodiments and implementations of the claimed subject matters are disclosed herein. However, it shall be understood that the disclosed embodiments and implementations are merely illustrative of the claimed subject matters which may be embodied in various forms. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments and implementations set forth herein. Rather, these exemplary embodiments and implementations are provided so that description of the present disclosure is thorough and complete and will fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. In the description below, details of well-known features and techniques may be omitted to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the presented embodiments and implementations. Overview
[0032] Implementations in accordance with the present disclosure relate to various techniques, methods, schemes, and / or solutions pertaining to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service. According to the present disclosure, a number of possible solutions may be implemented separately or jointly. That is, although these possible solutions may be described below separately, two or more of these possible solutions may be implemented in one combination or another.
[0033] As previously mentioned, in the early phase of 6G deployment, data service may be available via 6G, but some important services, such as the voice service, may be only available via 5G. Consequently, when the UE is currently using data services via a 3GPP RAT2, e.g., 6G cell (s) , and needs to use the voice service (e.g. to receive a MT voice call) , the UE would have to switch to a 3GPP RAT1, e.g., 5G / NR cell (s) , to obtain the voice service. However, it may take a long time for the UE to search for a cell across all supported frequencies of the 3GPP RAT1, causing an increase in the latency of voice call setup. As such, how to design UE and NW operations across different RATs to ensure proper functioning of the voice service with reduced latency is an important issue for newly developed wireless communication systems.
[0034] In view of the above, the present disclosure proposes a number of schemes pertaining to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service. According to the proposed schemes of the present disclosure, a system including a multi-RAT dual stack (MR-DS) supporting UE and an MR-DS supporting network (which can be a public land mobile network (PLMN) or a stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) ) is disclosed. Specifically, both the MR-DS supporting UE and the MR-DS supporting network support MR-DS operations over a 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) and a 3GPP access RAT2 (e.g., 6G) . In this system, the UE may be registered with the network and receive a message (e.g., a paging message or a non-access stratum (NAS) notification message such as a (DL) NOTIFICATION message) including a cause indication for a voice service (e.g., Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) voice call) from a 1st cell (e.g., 6G cell) of the 3GPP access RAT2 (e.g., 6G) . In response to the paging or NAS notification message, the UE may determine whether the voice service is supported via the 3GPP access RAT2. If the determination returns a negative result (i.e., the voice service is not supported via the 3GPP access RAT2 (e.g., 6G) ) , the UE may trigger requesting the establishment of a radio resource control (RRC) connection via a specific cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) , and / or initiate a UE-triggered Service Request procedure via the specific cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) . In particular, the specific cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) may be searched by the UE (only) on a certain frequency (e.g., a frequency on which a cell supporting the voice service can be found or is available) , instead of searching across all supported frequencies. Accordingly, the UE may be able to reduce the cell search delay and enable fast switching to another 3GPP RAT (i.e., the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) ) to obtain the voice service as soon as possible.
[0035] FIG. 1 illustrates an example scenario 100 of a communication environment in which various solutions and schemes in accordance with the present disclosure may be implemented. Scenario 100 depicts a 5G-6G coexistence network involving an MR-DS supporting UE 110 in wireless communication with an MR-DS supporting network 120 (e.g., a wireless network including both a 5G core (5GC) and a 6G core (6GC) , or only an evolved 5GC (e5GC) capable of controlling 5G and 6G BS (s) and providing legacy 5G functions and 6G functions, such as sensing, computing, artificial intelligence (AI) , etc. ) via two radio access networks (RANs) including a 5G RAN (or called next-generation RAN (NG-RAN) ) 122 (which includes at least one network node such as a 5G BS, e.g., a next-generation NB (gNB) , or a transmission and reception point (TRP) , etc. ) and a 6G RAN 124 (which includes at least one network node such as a 6G BS, e.g., 6gNodeB (6gNB) ) . For example, the 5G RAN 122 may form one or more 5G cells to provide mobile services, including the voice service, to the UE 110, while the 6G RAN 124 may form one or more 6G cells to provide data services, not including the voice service, to the UE 110. In such a communication environment, the UE 110, the network 120, the 5G RAN 122, and the 6G RAN 124 may implement various schemes pertaining to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service in accordance with the present disclosure, as described below. It is noteworthy that, while the various proposed schemes may be individually or separately described below, in actual implementations some or all of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented jointly. Of course, each of the proposed schemes may be utilized or otherwise implemented individually or separately.
[0036] In the present disclosure, each of the following terms may be replaced by one another: “multi” , “dual” , “inter” , and “combined” ; and each of the following terms may be replaced by one another: “RAT” , “stack” , “access” , and “5G / NR and / or 6G” . For example, “dual stack” may be replaced with “dual access” , and vice versa; “dual stack” may be replaced with “dual RAT” , and vice versa; “dual stack” may be replaced with “multi access” , and vice versa; “dual stack” may be replaced with “multi RAT” , and vice versa; “dual stack” may be replaced with “multi stack” , and vice versa; “dual stack” may be replaced with “combined 5G and 6G” , and vice versa; “Multi-RAT Dual Stack” may be replaced with “Inter-RAT Dual Stack” ; “Mult-RAT Dual Stack” may be replaced with “Inter-RAT Dual Access” , etc.
[0037] In the present disclosure, “e” represents “evolved” or “enhanced” , and “e5GC” refers to an evolved / enhanced 5GC which has new capability / functionality to interwork with the 6G RAN and has original (backward-compatible) capability / functionality to interwork with NG-RAN. Additionally, or optionally, e5GC may also support new (network) function or functionality like sensing, computing, AI, etc. An e5GC may contain evolved / enhanced 5G network function (s) , e.g., evolved / enhanced Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) (eAMF) , evolved / enhanced User Plane Function (eUPF) , evolved / enhanced Session Management Function (eSMF) , etc. In the present disclosure, “e5GC” may be replaced with “6GC” , and vice versa; or “e5GC” may also be named as “5GC” which supports to be connected with 6G RAN, or named as Rel-20 / Rel-21 “5GC” or 5GC in / supports the enhanced N1 (eN1) mode. Additionally, “e5GS” may be replaced with “6GS” , and vice versa; or “e5GS” may also be named as “5GS” which supports to be connected with 6G RAN, or named as Rel-20 / Rel-21 “5GS” or 5GS in / supports the enhanced N1 (eN1) mode. Additionally, “e5G” may be replaced with “6G” , and vice versa; or “e5G” may also be named as “5G” which supports to be connected with 6G RAN, or named as Rel-20 / Rel-21 “5G” or 5G in / supports the enhanced N1 (eN1) mode.
[0038] In some implementations, the 6GC network may be evolved / enhanced from the 5GC network, and may be referred to as an e5GC network. FIG. 2 illustrates an example scenario 200 of core network components under the current 5G NR framework. Scenario 200 depicts the case of a 5GC network with a RAN (e.g., NG-RAN or non-3GPP access network (AN) ) that can be connected to the 5GC. FIG. 3 illustrates an example scenario 300 of core network components of an e5GC network in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Part (A) of FIG. 3 depicts the case of an e5GC network with a RAN (e.g., 6G-RAN or non-3GPP AN) that can be connected to the e5GC, where one or more of 5GC network components are evolved / enhanced to support 6G communication. Additionally, or optionally, an NG-RAN may also be connected to the e5GC. Part (B) of FIG. 3 depicts an exemplary view of the introduction of a 6G-RAN to be connected to the e5GC.
[0039] FIG. 4 illustrates an example scenario 400 of the logical representation of “ (e) 5GC” network components in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Part (A) of FIG. 4 depicts the case where legacy 5GC network components may need to have some evolved / enhanced logic implemented therein to work with the 6G-RAN, so that the pure legacy 5GC network elements (e.g., legacy AMF, legacy UPF) may not be able to work with 6G-RAN (i.e., no enhancement / evolution is required for the pure legacy 5GC network elements) . Part (B) of FIG. 4 depicts the case of the enhanced 5GC network components being able to connect to the 6G-RAN via the evolved / enhanced logic and connect to the NR-RAN via the pure legacy 5GC network elements, since the “ (e) 5GC” is evolved / enhanced from “5GC” and it still has the legacy 5GC (full) functions (i.e., it can also support NG-RAN by nature) .
[0040] In the present disclosure, MR-DS or multi-RAT dual access (MR-DA) UE refers to a UE (e.g., with a single SIM, PLMN subscription, or SNPN subscription) which supports to connect / associate to: (i) both 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time; and / or (ii) (a same first) control plane network function (e.g., (a first) (e) AMF) via one or both of 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time; and / or (iii) (asame first) user plane network function (e.g., (a first) (e) UPF) via one or both of 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time. On the other hand, MR-DS or MR-DA network refers to a network (e.g., PLMN or SNPN) which supports to allow a UE to connect / associate to: (i) both of its 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time; and / or (ii) (a same first) control plane network function (e.g., (a first) (e) AMF) via one or both of 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time; and / or (iii) (a same first) user plane network function (e.g., (a first) (e) UPF) via one or both of 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time.
[0041] It is noteworthy that, in addition to the aforementioned case where some services are available (only) on 5G and other services are (only) available on 6G, there is another case in which the feature of MR-DS may be needed. For example, in the case where data aggregation is needed, the UE may connect or associate to both 5G network and 6G network at the same time to achieve a higher peak / maximum data rate, by splitting / aggregating the data via both 5G and 6G radio and splitting / aggregating the data between the UE and the core NW (e.g., (e) UPF) . FIG. 5 illustrates an example scenario 500 of an MR-DS UE connecting to both 5G / NG-RAN and 6G (-RAN) at the same time in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Part (A) of FIG. 5 depicts the case with data service via 6G and voice service via 5G, while Part (B) of FIG. 5 depicts the case with data aggregation over both the 5G and 6G connections.
[0042] Under the first scheme of the present disclosure, the registration and paging procedures for supporting MR-DS operations are proposed. FIG. 6 illustrates an example scenario 600 of the registration procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6, the system where the registration procedure is performed may include an MR-DS supporting UE and an MR-DS supporting network. Specifically, the MR-DS supporting network supports MR-DS operations over one or more NR / 5G cells and one or more 6G cells, wherein one of the NR / 5G cells broadcasts a 1st tracking area identity (TAI) and one of the 6G cells broadcasts a 2nd TAI. The value of the 1st TAI and the value of the 2nd TAI may be the same or different. Additionally, or optionally, each of the NR / 5G cells and the 6G cells may broadcast an optional indication “MR-DS supported” . Based on the broadcast information, the MR-DS supporting UE may select and / or camp on one cell (e.g., the NR / 5G cell as depicted in Alternative 1 in FIG. 6, or the 6G cell as depicted in Alternative 2 in FIG. 6) . Then, on the currently camped cell, the UE may include an indication that the registration procedure is for MR-DS type registration in an uplink non-access stratum (NAS) message (e.g., REGISTRATION REQUEST) . Upon receiving the uplink NAS message, the network may reply to the UE with a downlink NAS message (e.g., REGISTRATION ACCEPT) including an (optional) indication that MR-DS registration is successful and a registration-area / TAI-list which contains one or both of the 1st TAI and the 2nd TAI. If the value of the 1st TAI and the value of the 2nd TAI are different, then both the 1st TAI and the 2nd TAI are included in the downlink NAS message. Otherwise, if the value of the 1st TAI and the value of the 2nd TAI are the same, then either the 1st TAI or the 2nd TAI is included in the downlink NAS message. After that, the UE may determine whether the MR-DS registration is successful or not based on the downlink NAS message. For example, if the downlink NAS message includes an indication that the MR-DS registration is successful or includes an indication that the registration-area / TAI-list contains TAI (s) used by 5G cell (s) and 6G cell (s) , then the UE may determine that the MR-DS registration is successful.
[0043] FIG. 7 illustrates an example scenario 700 of the paging procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 7, the system where the registration procedure is performed may include an MR-DS supporting UE and an MR-DS supporting network. Specifically, the MR-DS supporting network supports MR-DS operations over one or more NR / 5G cells and one or more 6G cells, wherein one of the NR / 5G cells broadcasts a 1st TAI and one of the 6G cells broadcasts the same 1st TAI. The MR-DS supporting UE successfully registers to the network with a registration-area / TAI-list containing the 1st TAI, and then enters the NR / 5G IDLE mode and the 6G IDLE mode. Next, when there is downlink data for the UE, the network (e.g., (e) AMF) which supports MR-DS may determine to page the UE previously registered with the registration-area / TAI-list == a 1st TAI, wherein the 1st TAI may contain one or more NR / 5G cell / RAN and one or more 6G cell / RAN, and the UE is in the NR / 5G IDLE mode and the 6G IDLE mode. To proceed with the paging process, the network (e.g., (e) AMF) may transmit paging messages to all cells / RANs associated with the 1st TAI, wherein the cells / RANs contain at least one NR / 5G cell and at least one 6G cell.
[0044] Under the second scheme of the present disclosure, universal subscriber identity module (USIM) enhancements for supporting MR-DS operations are proposed. The current USIM design may include the following elementary files (EFs) : (i) EFPLMNwAcT, i.e., User controlled PLMN selector with Access Technology; (ii) EFOPLMNwAcT, i.e., Operator controlled PLMN selector with Access Technology; and (iii) EFHPLMNwAcT, i.e., HPLMN selector with Access Technology. For each of these selectors, there is a priority list for PLMN / ACT candidates coded in the corresponding EF, as shown below in Table 1. Table. 1
[0045] FIG. 8 illustrates an example scenario 800 of the coding for the Access Technology Identifier in Table 1 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 8, 2 bytes (denoted as Byte 5n-1 and Byte 5n) are used to select the access technology where the meaning of each bit is as follows: (i) if bit = 1, it means that this access technology is selected; (ii) if bit = 0, it means that this access technology is not selected. In order to configure different prioritization for 6G (-RAN) , the 6G (-RAN) may be indicated in current Access Technology Identifier, e.g., (one of) the 2 Reserved for Future Use (RFU) bits (denoted with gray background in FIG. 8) may be used to indicate 6G (-RAN) or to indicate extended / enhanced / longer bits / Bytes for additional Access Technology Identifier for 6G.
[0046] Under the third scheme of the present disclosure, the network / PLMN selection procedure for supporting MR-DS operations is proposed. From the system view, an NG-RAN may include NR gNB (s) (that cannot support MR-DS) and / or Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (EUTRA) eNB (s) that connects to 5GC, and a 6G RAN may include 6gNB (s) (e.g., 6G-Radio, 6G BS, etc. ) , NR gNB (s) that connects to (e) 5GC (i.e., supports MR-DS) , and / or EUTRA eNB (s) that connects to (e) 5GC. FIG. 9 illustrates an example scenario 900 of the logical representation of “ (e) 5GC” network components in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Part (A) of FIG. 9 depicts the simplified view of the system architecture between (e) 5GC and NG-RAN / 6G-RAN, while Part (B) of FIG. 9 depicts the detailed view of the system architecture between (e) 5GC and NG-RAN / 6G-RAN.
[0047] In the current 5G NR framework, the UE can only obtain the PLMN ID of the network from the broadcasted system information, and it cannot tell whether the NR cell connects to either an (e) 5GC or a legacy 5GC. For example, assume that a network-L (e.g., PLMN_L) supporting legacy 5GC broadcasts system information indicative of “PLMN ID 111.11” via a 1st NR cell, while a network-E (e.g., PLMN_E) supporting (e) 5GC broadcasts system information indicative of “PLMN ID 222.22” via a 2nd NR cell. The network-E may support more functionalities (e.g., MR-DS, Sensing functionality, and / or computing / AI functionality, etc. ) than the network-L. In this case, if the network operator wants to configure PLMN ( / RAT) selection priority as follows: (i) Priority 1: PLMN 111.11 6G-RAN / (e) 5GC, (ii) Priority 2: PLMN 222.22 6G-RAN / (e) 5GC, (iii) Priority 3: PLMN 111.11 NG-RAN, and (iv) Priority 4: PLMN 222.22 NG-RAN, then the UE will have no information to determine whether each of the 1st NR cell associated with PLMN ID 111.11 and the 2nd NR cell associated with PLMN ID 222.22 connects to either an (e) 5GC or a legacy 5GC. To solve this problem, the 2nd NR cell needs to broadcast (e.g., for each PLMN ID) an additional indication that it connects to (e) 5GC, or it is 6G-RAN capable, or NR supports MR-DS. With this additional broadcast information, the UE knows that the 2nd NR cell associated with PLMN ID 222.22 connects to a 6G-RAN / (e) 5GC (e.g., this may also imply that the phone will display a 6G icon to the user) and the 2nd NR cell matches the second entry in the configured PLMN ( / RAT) selection priority list. In addition, if the 1st NR cell does not broadcast this additional indication, then the UE knows that the 1st NR cell associated with PLMN ID 111.11 connects to an NG-RAN and the 1st NR cell matches the third entry in the configured PLMN ( / RAT) selection priority list. Accordingly, the UE, in (automatic) PLMN selection procedure, may select the higher priority entry, i.e., “Priority 2: PLMN 222.22 6G-RAN / (e) 5GC” , in order to use more functions provided by the (e) 5GC.
[0048] In the current / legacy design of SNPN selection parameters, the mobile equipment (ME) is configured with a "list of subscriber data" containing zero or more entries, and each entry of the "list of subscriber data" consists of at least the following: (c) an SNPN identity of the subscribed SNPN; (g) optionally, if the MS supports access to an SNPN using credentials from a credentials holder, the SNPN selection parameters. Specifically, the SNPN selection parameters consist of: (i) a user controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs, where each entry contains an SNPN identity; (ii) a credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs, where each entry contains an SNPN identity; (iii) a credentials holder controlled prioritized list of group IDs for network selection (GINs) ; and (iv) optionally, if the MS supports access to an SNPN providing access for localized services in SNPN, the SNPN selection parameters for access for localized services in SNPN. Specifically, the SNPN selection parameters for access for localized services in SNPN consist of: (A) a "credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs for access for localized services in SNPN" , where each entry contains: an SNPN identity; validity information consisting of time validity information and optionally, location validity information; and optionally, location assistance information; and (B) a "credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred GINs for access for localized services in SNPN" , where each entry contains: a GIN; validity information consisting of time validity information and optionally, location validity information; and optionally, location assistance information.
[0049] To distinguish between SNPN connecting to 5GC and SNPN connecting to (e) 5GC, the SNPN selection parameters may need to be extended / enhanced as follows. The ME is configured with a "list of subscriber data" containing zero or more entries, and each entry of the "list of subscriber data" consists of at least the following: (c) an SNPN identity of the subscribed SNPN; (x) an optional Subscribed SNPN selector with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN) ; (g) optionally, if the MS supports access to an SNPN using credentials from a credentials holder and if the MS supports 6G, the SNPN selection parameters. Specifically, the SNPN selection parameters consist of: (i) a user controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN) , where each entry contains an SNPN identity and zero, one or more Access Technology; (ii) a credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN) , where each entry contains an SNPN identity and zero, one or more Access Technology; (iii) a credentials holder controlled prioritized list of Group IDs for Network Selection (GINs) with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN ) , where each entry contains an GIN and zero, one or more Access Technology; and (iv) optionally, if the MS supports access to an SNPN providing access for localized services in SNPN, the SNPN selection parameters for access for localized services in SNPN. Specifically, the SNPN selection parameters for access for localized services in SNPN consist of: (A) a "credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred SNPNs for access for localized services in SNPN" with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN) , where each entry contains: an SNPN identity and zero, one or more Access Technology; validity information consisting of time validity information and optionally, location validity information; and optionally, location assistance information; and (B) a "credentials holder controlled prioritized list of preferred GINs for access for localized services in SNPN" with Access Technology (Access Technology can be NG-RAN or 6G-RAN) , where each entry contains: a GIN and zero, one or more Access Technology; validity information consisting of time validity information and optionally, location validity information; and optionally, location assistance information.
[0050] Under the fourth scheme of the present disclosure, the design of MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service is proposed. Specifically, the design may involve a data session establishment procedure and subsequent signaling / operations for voice call service.
[0051] FIG. 10 illustrates an example scenario 1000 of the data session establishment procedure for supporting MR-DS operations in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 10, the system where the data session establishment procedure is performed may include an MR-DS supporting UE and an MR-DS supporting network. The MR-DS supporting network supports MR-DS operations over one or more NR / 5G cells and one or more 6G cells, wherein one of the NR / 5G cells broadcasts a 1st TAI and one of the 6G cells broadcasts a 2nd TAI. Additionally, or optionally, each of the NR / 5G cells and the 6G cells may broadcast an optional indication “MR-DS supported” . The UE is registered with the network, with the registration-area / TAI-list containing the 1st TAI and the 2nd TAI. The value of the 1st TAI and the value of the 2nd TAI may be the same or different. After successfully registered with the network, the UE may establish an MR-DS (PDU) session via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT1. Specifically, the UE may transmit a (PDU) Session Establishment Request Message to the network via the cell of the 3GPP access RAT1. The (PDU) Session Establishment Request Message may be included in an UL NAS TRANSPORT message. Either one or both of the (PDU) Session Establishment Request Message and the UL NAS TRANSPORT message may contain a (PDU) Session ID (e.g., PDU session ID=5) , and optionally a Request Type indicating “MR-DS Type” or “DualSteer PDU Session Type” and / or an MR-DS indication. Subsequently, the UE may receive a (PDU) Session Establishment Accept message from the network via the cell of the 3GPP access RAT1. The (PDU) Session Establishment Accept message may be included in a DL NAS TRANSPORT message. Either one or both of the (PDU) Session Establishment Accept Message and the DL NAS TRANSPORT message may contain the MR-DS session parameters, including traffic / packet steering / switching / splitting configurations. Additionally, or optionally, the UE may also establish the MR-DS (PDU) session via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT2. Specifically, the UE may transmit an UL NAS message (e.g., a (PDU) Session Establishment Request Message included in an UL NAS TRANSPORT message) to the network via the cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, to request additional RAT resources. Either one or both of the (PDU) Session Establishment Request Message and the UL NAS TRANSPORT message may contain the same (PDU) session ID (e.g., PDU session ID=5) , and optionally a Request Type indicating “MR-DS Type” or “DualSteer PDU Session Type” and / or an MR-DS indication. Then, the UE determines that the MR-DS (PDU) session is successfully established.
[0052] In some implementations, the UE may determine to establish both 3GPP access RAT1 and 3GPP access RAT2 connections to send uplink UP packets (e.g., application UL IP packets) of the MR-DS (PDU) session. For example, the UE, via both a 3GPP access RAT1 cell and a 3GPP access RAT2 cell, may trigger requesting the establishment of an RRC connection, and / or initiate a UE-triggered service request procedure.
[0053] FIG. 11 illustrates an example scenario 1100 of subsequent signaling / operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 11, after the UE is registered with the network and successfully establishes an MR-DS (PDU) session (e.g., for IMS voice (over PS session) ) with the network, the UE enters the IDLE mode over the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G / NR) and the IDLE mode over the 3GPP access RAT2 (e.g., 6G) . When in the IDLE mode, the UE camps on a cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, i.e., the UE’s serving cell is a cell of RAT2, while maintaining the established MR-DS (PDU) session. Additionally, or optionally, the network may support the paging cause indication for voice service (e.g., similar to the paging design defined in 3GPP TS 38.331 and / or TS 38.413) . Next, as depicted by arrow 1, the first network function (e.g., (e) UPF) detects that there is DL IMS data for the UE (e.g., receives a SIP Invite message for the UE) . As depicted by arrow 2A, the first network function (e.g., (e) UPF) transmits a data notification to the second network function (e.g., (e)SMF) . In reply, as depicted by arrow 2B, the second network function transmits a data notification acknowledgement to the first network function. Then, as depicted by arrow 2C, the first network function forwards the data for the UE to the second network function. Subsequently, as depicted by arrow 3A, the second network function transmits an Namf_Communication_N1N2Message Transfer to the third network function (e.g., (e) AMF) . In reply, as depicted by arrow 3B, the third network function transmits an Namf_Communication_N1N2Message Transfer Response to the second network function. Then, as depicted by arrows 4A and 4B, the third network function prepares and transfers the paging message for the UE to the cells associated with the registration area of the UE (i.e., the cells associated with the 1st TAI and the 2nd TAI) . Specifically, the paging message includes a paging cause indication for voice service, and optionally, includes an indication that the paging is associated with the MR-DS (PDU) session (for IMS voice over PS session) .
[0054] When camped on a cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, the UE only monitors the paging message from this serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, i.e., the UE does not monitor the paging message from the cell (s) of the 3GPP access RAT1 (i.e., the paging message sent from the cell (s) of the 3GPP access RAT1 is not received by the UE) even though the UE is in the IDLE mode over the 3GPP access RAT1. Next, when receiving the paging message with the paging cause indication for voice service from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, the UE first determines that the IMS voice call (over PS session) is not supported via / on the 3GPP access RAT2 (i.e., 6G RAT does not support voice call service) , based on at least one of the following information: (i) broadcast information; (ii) a NAS / RRC message received from the network; and (iii) network information stored in the USIM. Then, the UE triggers requesting the establishment of an RRC connection (i.e., transmits an RRC Connection Request message) via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT1, and / or initiates a UE-triggered Service Request (i.e., transmits a Service Request message) via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT1. Specifically, the cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 is different from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, and the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G / NR) is different from the 3GPP access RAT2 (6G 3GPP access (e.g., 6G) . It is noteworthy that the paging message is received by the UE from the (serving) cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, but the UE can trigger the RRC connection establishment and / or initiate the Service Request via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT1, instead of the cell of the 3GPP access RAT2. Accordingly, the design allows the UE to switch between two 3GPP access RATs (e.g., 5G / NR and 6G) more smoothly and efficiently to acquire the voice service via a cell or a RAT that support (native) voice service.
[0055] Under the fifth scheme of the present disclosure, certain enhancements on the design of MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service are proposed to reduce the cell search delay, thereby allowing the UE to obtain the voice call service as soon as possible. Specifically, the enhancements may involve different solutions regarding how to inform the UE of an incoming voice call when the UE is in the idle mode or connected mode over the 3GPP access RAT2, and different solutions regarding abnormal case handling related to cell search.
[0056] FIG. 12 illustrates an example scenario 1200 of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Scenario 1200 depicts a case similar to scenario 1100, except with some enhancements. Specifically, one enhancement may involve that the cell of the 3GPP access RAT2 additionally broadcasts an indication of a specific frequency (denoted as 1st frequency) on which RAT1 cell (s) supporting the voice service (e.g., voice over NR (VoNR) ) is / are available, and another enhancement may involve that when receiving the paging message with the paging cause indication for voice service from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, the UE searches for a RAT1 cell specifically on the 1st frequency, instead of searching across all supported frequencies of the 3GPP access RAT1. It is noteworthy that by limiting the cell search on a specific frequency, the UE is able to reduce the cell search delay, thereby enabling faster switching or access to another 3GPP RAT (i.e., the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., 5G) ) to obtain the voice service as soon as possible.
[0057] In some implementations, the UE may learn or determine the specific frequency based on at least one of the following: (i) a system information block (SIB) indicating the frequency (e.g., by an absolute radio frequency channel number (ARFCN) value) , which is broadcasted by the 1st cell or another cell of the 3GPP access RAT2 (e.g., 6G) ; (ii) a dedicated signaling / control message indicating the frequency, which is received from the network; (iii) stored information in the UE.
[0058] In some implementations, the stored information may be based on at least one of the following: (i) previously received indication (e.g., a radio access network (RAN) broadcast information, a NAS message, or an RRC message received from the network) ; (ii) previous visit of a cell on the specific frequency of the 3GPP access RAT1 (e.g., learnt from the visit that this cell supports voice service (e.g., VoNR) ; and (iii) previously successful voice call setup procedure (e.g., the UE stores the information about a voice call being successfully made via a cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 on the certain frequency) .
[0059] In some implementations, the indication of the frequency may be further associated with at least one of the following: (i) a particular cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 or RAT2, e.g., with a cell identity; (ii) a particular TAI associated with the 3GPP access RAT1 or RAT2; (iii) a particular registration area (i.e., one or more TAIs) associated with the 3GPP access RAT1 or RAT2; (iv) a particular RNA (RAN-based notification area) associated with the 3GPP access RAT1 or RAT2; and (v) geolocation information (e.g., a geographical area as defined in TS 24.501 V18.6, Figure 9.11.3.51.11C) .
[0060] FIG. 13 illustrates an example scenario 1300 of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Scenario 1300 depicts a case similar to scenario 1200, except that the UE enters the CONNECTED mode over the 3GPP access RAT2 after successfully registered and established an MR-DS (PDU) session with the network and that, instead of receiving a paging message, the UE is notified of an incoming call by receiving a (DL) NOTIFICATION message (which is a NAS message, not a paging message) with a cause indication for voice service from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2. Another difference from scenario 1200 is that, as depicted by arrow 4, the (e) AMF prepares and transfers the NOTIFICATION message for the UE to only the cell (s) which the UE is operating in RAT2 (e.g., 6G) (RRC) CONNECTED state / mode with. Additionally, or optionally, when receiving the NOTIFICATION message, the UE may search for a RAT1 cell specifically on the 1st frequency, if the 1st frequency was indicated by the network (e.g., via broadcast information, or a dedicated message such as the received NOTIFICATION message itself) or can be determined by the UE (e.g., based on previously received indication of the 1st frequency, previous visit of a cell on the 1st frequency, and / or previous successful voice call setup via a cell on the 1st frequency) .
[0061] It should be noted that according to the 3GPP standards (e.g., TS 38.304) , the cell selection process is specified that on a frequency, the UE needs only search for the strongest cell. However, for a UE currently camped on a RAT2 cell (e.g., 6G cell) and is near the edge of the registration area (e.g., the 1st TAI) , if it decides to switch to RAT1 (e.g., 5G) and discovers in the cell selection process that the best RAT1 (e.g., 5G) cell on the frequency is outside its registration area (e.g., identified by TAI list) , then the UE would have to firstly perform a registration update procedure instead of the service request procedure, and the registration update procedure is more complex than the service request procedure. As a result, the registration update procedure will inevitably delay the call initiation. In order to handle such (abnormal) case related to cell search, solutions are proposed as follows.
[0062] FIG. 14 illustrates an example scenario 1400 of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Scenario 1400 depicts a case similar to scenario 1200, except with an additional enhancement. Specifically, when receiving the paging message with the paging cause indication for voice service from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, the UE is allowed to search for the next strongest cell (s) from which the UE selects a cell that belongs to the UE’s current registration area (RA) (e.g., the 1st TAI) . In one example, the UE may search, on the 1st frequency of the 3GPP access RAT1, for the strongest cell and non-strongest cell (s) as well. That is, the UE may find a 1st cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 on the 1st frequency, which is the non-strongest cell on the 1st frequency and broadcasts a TAI included in the registration-area / tai-list, and find a 2nd cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 on the 1st frequency, which is the strongest cell on the 1st frequency but does not broadcast any TAI included in the registration-area / tai-list. Based on the search result, the UE may select / choose the 1st cell (i.e., the non-strongest cell) of the 3GPP access RAT1 on the 1st frequency, and then trigger requesting the establishment of an RRC connection via this selected cell and / or initiate the UE-triggered service request via this selected cell.
[0063] In some implementations, the UE’s selection of the 1st cell (which is not the strongest cell on the 1st frequency) may further include certain determination condition (s) . For example, there may be a signal strength threshold (e.g., Thresh_select (rxlev) ) , a signal quality threshold (e.g., Thresh_select (qual) ) , and / or a score threshold calculated based on the signal strength value or the signal quality value. Based on these thresholds, the UE may select / choose the 1st cell, if the signal strength value, the signal quality value, and / or the calculated score value of the 1st cell exceeds the Thresh_select (rxlev) , the Thresh_select (qual) , and / or the score threshold value. The signal strength threshold, the signal quality threshold, and / or the score threshold may be determined based on a previously received indication (e.g., RAN broadcast information, RRC message, or NAS message received from the network) , or may be determined by the UE.
[0064] FIG. 15 illustrates an example scenario 1500 of enhanced MR-DS operations for supporting voice call service in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Scenario 1500 depicts a case similar to scenario 1200, except with an additional enhancement. Specifically, when camped on a cell of the 3GPP access RAT2 in the IDLE mode, the UE may (periodically) monitor the best cell of the 3GPP access RAT1 (on the 1st frequency) , and if the best cell is outside of its registration area (e.g., the TAI broadcasted by the best cell is 3rd TAI which is not included in the registration-area / tai-list (e.g., containing 1st TAI and 2nd TAI) ) , the UE may trigger a (presumptive) registration update procedure via the best cell of the 3GPP access RAT1. In this way, when a paging message with a paging cause indication for voice service is received from the serving cell of the 3GPP access RAT2, the UE may directly trigger / initiate the RRC connection establishment procedure and / or the service request procedure via the best cell of the 3GPP access RAT1, without the latency caused by cell search and registration update. Illustrative Implementations
[0065] FIG. 16 illustrates an example communication system 1600 having an example communication apparatus 1610 and an example network apparatus 1620 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Each of communication apparatus 1610 and network apparatus 1620 may perform various functions to implement schemes, techniques, processes, and methods described herein pertaining to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service, including scenarios / schemes described above as well as processes 1700 and 1800 described below.
[0066] Communication apparatus 1610 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a UE such as a portable or mobile apparatus, a wearable apparatus, a wireless communication apparatus, or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1610 may be implemented in a smartphone, a smartwatch, a personal digital assistant, an electronic control unit (ECU) in a vehicle, a digital camera, or a computing equipment such as a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a notebook computer. Communication apparatus 1610 may also be a part of a machine-type apparatus, which may be a reduced-capability (ReCap) UE, an IoT, NB-IoT, eMTC, or IIoT UE, such as an immobile or a stationary apparatus, a home apparatus, a roadside unit (RSU) , a wire communication apparatus, or a computing apparatus. For instance, communication apparatus 1610 may be implemented in a smart thermostat, a smart fridge, a smart door lock, a wireless speaker, or a home control center. Alternatively, communication apparatus 1610 may be implemented in the form of one or more integrated-circuit (IC) chips, such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, one or more reduced-instruction-set computing (RISC) processors, or one or more complex-instruction-set-computing (CISC) processors. Communication apparatus 1610 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 16, such as a processor 1612, for example. Communication apparatus 1610 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of communication apparatus 1610 are neither shown in FIG. 16 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0067] Network apparatus 1620 may be a part of an electronic apparatus, which may be a network node such as a BS (e.g., a 6gNB, gNB, TRP, or eNB) , a small cell, a network function (entity) (e.g., (e) AMF, (e)SMF, or (e) UPF) , a router, or a gateway of a wireless network. For instance, network apparatus 1620 may be implemented in a BS in a 5G / 6G, IoT, NB-IoT, or IIoT network. Alternatively, network apparatus 1620 may be implemented in the form of one or more IC chips, such as, for example and without limitation, one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more RISC or CISC processors. Network apparatus 1620 may include at least some of those components shown in FIG. 16, such as a processor 1622, for example. Network apparatus 1620 may further include one or more other components not pertinent to the proposed scheme of the present disclosure (e.g., internal power supply, display device and / or user interface device) , and, thus, such component (s) of network apparatus 1620 are neither shown in FIG. 16 nor described below in the interest of simplicity and brevity.
[0068] In one aspect, each of processor 1612 and processor 1622 may be implemented in the form of one or more single-core processors, one or more multi-core processors, or one or more CISC processors. That is, even though a singular term “a processor” is used herein to refer to processor 1612 and processor 1622, each of processor 1612 and processor 1622 may include multiple processors in some implementations and a single processor in other implementations in accordance with the present disclosure. In another aspect, each of processor 1612 and processor 1622 may be implemented in the form of hardware (and, optionally, firmware) with electronic components including, for example and without limitation, one or more transistors, one or more diodes, one or more capacitors, one or more resistors, one or more inductors, one or more memristors and / or one or more varactors that are configured and arranged to achieve specific purposes in accordance with the present disclosure. In other words, in at least some implementations, each of processor 1612 and processor 1622 is a special-purpose machine specifically designed, arranged and configured to perform specific tasks, including enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service, in a device (e.g., as represented by communication apparatus 1610) and a network node (e.g., as represented by network apparatus 1620) in accordance with various implementations of the present disclosure.
[0069] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1610 may also include a transceiver 1616 coupled to processor 1612 and capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1616 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs and / or wireless networks of different RATs, such as 4G / 5G / B5G / 6G. In some implementations, transceiver 1616 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1616 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications. In some implementations, network apparatus 1620 may also include a transceiver 1626 coupled to processor 1622. Transceiver 1626 may include a transceiver capable of wirelessly transmitting and receiving data. In some implementations, transceiver 1626 may be capable of wirelessly communicating with different types of UEs of different RATs. In some implementations, transceiver 1626 may be equipped with a plurality of antenna ports (not shown) such as, for example, four antenna ports. That is, transceiver 1626 may be equipped with multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas for MIMO wireless communications. In some implementations, transceiver 1626 may be equipped with a wired network interface, such as a fiber optic cable, for communicating with other network nodes / functions.
[0070] In some implementations, communication apparatus 1610 may further include a memory 1614 coupled to processor 1612 and capable of being accessed by processor 1612 and storing data therein. In some implementations, network apparatus 1620 may further include a memory 1624 coupled to processor 1622 and capable of being accessed by processor 1622 and storing data therein. Each of memory 1614 and memory 1624 may include a type of random-access memory (RAM) such as dynamic RAM (DRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , thyristor RAM (T-RAM) , and / or zero-capacitor RAM (Z-RAM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1614 and memory 1624 may include a type of read-only memory (ROM) such as mask ROM, programmable ROM (PROM) , erasable programmable ROM (EPROM) , and / or electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) . Alternatively, or additionally, each of memory 1614 and memory 1624 may include a type of non-volatile random-access memory (NVRAM) such as flash memory, solid-state memory, ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) , and / or phase-change memory.
[0071] Each of communication apparatus 1610 and network apparatus 1620 may be a communication entity capable of communicating with each other using various proposed schemes in accordance with the present disclosure. For illustrative purposes and without limitation, a description of capabilities of communication apparatus 1610, as a UE, and network apparatus 1620, as a network node (e.g., a BS) , is provided below with processes 1700 and 1800. Illustrative Processes
[0072] FIG. 17 illustrates an example process 1700 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1700 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service. Process 1700 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of communication apparatus 1610. Process 1700 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1710 to 1730. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1700 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1700 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 17 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1700 may be implemented by communication apparatus 1610 or any suitable UE or machine-type devices. Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1700 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1610 as a UE. Process 1700 may begin at block 1710.
[0073] At block 1710, process 1700 may involve processor 1612 of communication apparatus 1610, registering with a wireless network, which supports operations over both a first RAT and a second RAT, via a first cell utilizing the first RAT and a second cell utilizing the second RAT. Process 1700 may proceed from block 1710 to block 1720.
[0074] At block 1720, process 1700 may involve processor 1612 receiving, via transceiver 1616, a (e.g., Paging, or NOTIFICATION) message from the wireless network via the second cell of the second RAT, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service. Process 1700 may proceed from block 1720 to block 1730.
[0075] At block 1730, process 1700 may involve processor 1612 transmitting, via transceiver 1616, at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message to the wireless network via a selected cell of the first RAT.
[0076] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 determining a frequency on which one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service are available, and searching, via transceiver 1616, for one cell of the first RAT on the frequency to serve as the selected cell.
[0077] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 determining whether the voice service is supported via the second RAT, wherein the cell search on the frequency is performed in an event that the voice service is not supported via the second RAT.
[0078] In some implementations, the frequency may be determined based on at least one of the following: (i) a SIB received from one cell of the second RAT, wherein the SIB indicates the frequency; (ii) a dedicated message received from the wireless network, wherein the dedicated message indicates the frequency; and (iii) stored information in communication apparatus 1610, wherein the stored information indicates the frequency according to a previous visit of one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service on the frequency, or according to a voice call previously made via one cell of the first RAT on the frequency.
[0079] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 determining at least one of the following information associated with the frequency, to assist in the cell search on the frequency: (i) a cell identity; (ii) a TAI; (iii) a registration area; (iv) an RNA; and (v) geolocation information.
[0080] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 establishing, via transceiver 1616, a data session for the voice service with the wireless network via the first cell and the second cell, and entering an idle mode over the first RAT and the second RAT, while maintaining the data session. Additionally, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 camping, via transceiver 1616, on the second cell to monitor the message, wherein the message comprises a paging message.
[0081] In some implementations, the paging message may include an indication that the paging is associated with the data session for the voice service.
[0082] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 establishing, via transceiver 1616, a data session for the voice service with the wireless network via the first cell and the second cell, and entering an idle mode over the first RAT and a connected mode over the second RAT, while maintaining the data session, wherein the message comprises a NAS notification message.
[0083] In some implementations, the cell search on the frequency may include: selecting, among searched cells of the first RAT on the frequency, one cell that is not a strongest cell but belongs to a same TAI of the first cell.
[0084] In some implementations, process 1700 may further involve processor 1612 monitoring, via transceiver 1616, a best cell of the first RAT on the frequency, and initiating, via transceiver 1616, a registration update procedure via the best cell of the first RAT on the frequency, in an event that the best cell is not within a registration area where the first cell and the second cell belongs.
[0085] In some implementations, the second RAT may be more advanced than the first RAT.
[0086] In some implementations, the second RAT may include a 6G 3GPP access, and the first RAT may include a 5G 3GPP access.
[0087] In some implementations, the voice service may include an IMS voice call.
[0088] FIG. 18 illustrates an example process 1800 in accordance with an implementation of the present disclosure. Process 1800 may be an example implementation of above scenarios / schemes, whether partially or completely, with respect to enhancements on multi-RAT operations supporting voice call service. Process 1800 may represent an aspect of implementation of features of network apparatus 1620. Process 1800 may include one or more operations, actions, or functions as illustrated by one or more of blocks 1810 to 1840. Although illustrated as discrete blocks, various blocks of process 1800 may be divided into additional blocks, combined into fewer blocks, or eliminated, depending on the desired implementation. Moreover, the blocks of process 1800 may be executed in the order shown in FIG. 18 or, alternatively, in a different order. Process 1800 may be implemented by network apparatus 1620 or any suitable network node (supporting certain network function (s) ) . Solely for illustrative purposes and without limitation, process 1800 is described below in the context of communication apparatus 1610, as a UE, and network apparatus 1620, as a network node (e.g., (e) AMF) . Process 1800 may begin at block 1810.
[0089] At block 1810, process 1800 may involve processor 1622 of network apparatus 1620, receiving, via transceiver 1626, a registration request message from communication apparatus 1610 via at least one of a first cell utilizing a first RAT and a second cell utilizing a second RAT, wherein the registration request message indicates a registration type for operations over both the first RAT and the second RAT. Process 1800 may proceed from block 1810 to block 1820.
[0090] At block 1820, process 1800 may involve processor 1622 transmitting, via transceiver 1626, a registration accept message to communication apparatus 1610 via the at least one of the first cell and the second cell, wherein the registration accept message comprises at least one TAI associated with the first cell and the second cell. Process 1800 may proceed from block 1820 to block 1830.
[0091] At block 1830, process 1800 may involve processor 1622 transmitting, via transceiver 1626, a message to communication apparatus 1610 via the second cell of the second RAT based on the at least one TAI, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service. Process 1800 may proceed from block 1830 to block 1840.
[0092] At block 1840, process 1800 may involve processor 1622 receiving, via transceiver 1626, at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message from communication apparatus 1610 via one of the one or more cells of the first RAT, wherein the voice service is not supported via the second RAT.
[0093] In some implementations, process 1800 may further involve processor 1622 transmitting, via transceiver 1626, an indication of a frequency on which one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service are available to communication apparatus 1610, wherein the one of the one or more cells of the first RAT is on the frequency.
[0094] In some implementations, the indication of the frequency may further include at least one of the following information associated with the frequency, to assist communication apparatus 1610 in a cell search on the frequency: (i) a cell identity; (ii) a TAI; (iii) a registration area; (iv) an RNA; and (v) geolocation information.
[0095] In some implementations, the message may include a paging message in an event that communication apparatus 1610 is in an idle mode over the first RAT and the second RAT.
[0096] In some implementations, the message may include a NAS notification message in an event that communication apparatus 1610 is in an idle mode over the first RAT and a connected mode over the second RAT.
[0097] In some implementations, the indication of the frequency may be transmitted in a SIB or in a dedicated message.
[0098] In some implementations, the second RAT may be more advanced than the first RAT.
[0099] In some implementations, the second RAT may include a 6G 3GPP access, and the first RAT may include a 5G 3GPP access.
[0100] In some implementations, the voice service may include an IMS voice call. Additional Notes
[0101] The herein-described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely examples, and that in fact many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively "associated" such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as "associated with" each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being "operably connected" , or "operably coupled" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being "operably couplable" , to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include but are not limited to physically mateable and / or physically interacting components and / or wirelessly interactable and / or wirelessly interacting components and / or logically interacting and / or logically interactable components.
[0102] Further, with respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
[0103] Moreover, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims, e.g., bodies of the appended claims, are generally intended as “open” terms, e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to, ” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least, ” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to, ” etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases "at least one" and "one or more" to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles "a" or "an" limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to implementations containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases "one or more" or "at least one" and indefinite articles such as "a" or "an, " e.g., “a” and / or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more; ” the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number, e.g., the bare recitation of "two recitations, " without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations. Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc. ” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention, e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and / or A, B, and C together, etc. It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and / or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B. ”
[0104] From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various implementations of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various implementations disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
Claims
1.A method, comprising:registering, by a processor of an apparatus, with a wireless network, which supports operations over both a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second RAT, via a first cell utilizing the first RAT and a second cell utilizing the second RAT;receiving, by the processor, a message from the wireless network via the second cell of the second RAT, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service; andtransmitting, by the processor, at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message to the wireless network via a selected cell of the first RAT.2.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:determining, by the processor, a frequency on which one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service are available; andsearching, by the processor, for one cell of the first RAT on the frequency to serve as the selected cell.3.The method of Claim 2, further comprising:determining, by the processor, whether the voice service is supported via the second RAT,wherein the cell search on the frequency is performed in an event that the voice service is not supported via the second RAT.4.The method of Claim 2, wherein the frequency is determined based on at least one of the following:a system information block (SIB) received from one cell of the second RAT, wherein the SIB indicates the frequency;a dedicated message received from the wireless network, wherein the dedicated message indicates the frequency; andstored information in the apparatus, wherein the stored information indicates the frequency according to a previous visit of one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service on the frequency, or according to a voice call previously made via one cell of the first RAT on the frequency.5.The method of Claim 2, further comprising:determining, by the processor, at least one of the following information associated with the frequency, to assist in the cell search on the frequency:a cell identity;a tracking area identity (TAI) ;a registration area;a radio access network (RAN) -based notification area (RNA) ; andgeolocation information.6.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:establishing, by the processor, a data session for the voice service with the wireless network via the first cell and the second cell;entering, by the processor, an idle mode over the first RAT and the second RAT, while maintaining the data session; andcamping, by the processor, on the second cell to monitor the message, wherein the message comprises a paging message.7.The method of Claim 6, wherein the paging message comprises an indication that the paging is associated with the data session for the voice service.8.The method of Claim 1, further comprising:establishing, by the processor, a data session for the voice service with the wireless network via the first cell and the second cell; andentering, by the processor, an idle mode over the first RAT and a connected mode over the second RAT, while maintaining the data session;wherein the message comprises a non-access stratum (NAS) notification message.9.The method of Claim 2, wherein the cell search on the frequency comprises:selecting, among searched cells of the first RAT on the frequency, one cell that is not a strongest cell but belongs to a same tracking area identity (TAI) of the first cell.10.The method of Claim 2, further comprising:monitoring, by the processor, a best cell of the first RAT on the frequency; andinitiating, by the processor, a registration update procedure via the best cell of the first RAT on the frequency, in an event that the best cell is not within a registration area where the first cell and the second cell belongs.11.The method of Claim 1, wherein the second RAT is more advanced than the first RAT.12.The method of Claim 11, wherein the second RAT comprises a 6th generation (6G) 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) access, and the first RAT comprises a 5th generation (5G) 3GPP access.13.The method of Claim 1, wherein the voice service comprises an Internet protocol (IP) multimedia subsystem (IMS) voice call.14.A method, comprising:receiving, by a processor of a network node, a registration request message from an apparatus via at least one of a first cell utilizing a first radio access technology (RAT) and a second cell utilizing a second RAT, wherein the registration request message indicates a registration type for operations over both the first RAT and the second RAT;transmitting, by the processor, a registration accept message to the apparatus via the at least one of the first cell and the second cell, wherein the registration accept message comprises at least one tracking area identity (TAI) associated with the first cell and the second cell;transmitting, by the processor, a message to the apparatus via the second cell of the second RAT based on the at least one TAI, wherein the message comprises a cause indication for a voice service; andreceiving, by the processor, at least one of a connection establishment request message and a service request message from the apparatus via one of the one or more cells of the first RAT, wherein the voice service is not supported via the second RAT.15.The method of Claim 14, further comprising:transmitting, by the processor, an indication of a frequency on which one or more cells utilizing the first RAT and supporting the voice service are available to the apparatus, wherein the one of the one or more cells of the first RAT is on the frequency.16.The method of Claim 15, wherein the indication of the frequency further comprises at least one of the following information associated with the frequency, to assist the apparatus in a cell search on the frequency:a cell identity;a tracking area identity (TAI) ;a registration area;a radio access network (RAN) -based notification area (RNA) ; andgeolocation information.17.The method of Claim 14, wherein the message comprises a paging message in an event that the apparatus is in an idle mode over the first RAT and the second RAT.18.The method of Claim 14, wherein the message comprises a non-access stratum (NAS) notification message in an event that the apparatus is in an idle mode over the first RAT and a connected mode over the second RAT.19.The method of Claim 15, wherein the indication of the frequency is transmitted in a system information block (SIB) or in a dedicated message.20.The method of Claim 14, wherein the second RAT is more advanced than the first RAT.
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