Electrically heated glass and vehicle

Abstract

The present application provides an electrically heated glass and a vehicle. The electrically heated glass comprises a laminated glass and at least two infrared-reflective elements. The laminated glass comprises a first glass pane, an adhesive layer, and a second glass pane. The first glass pane has a first surface and a second surface, and the second glass pane has a third surface and a fourth surface. The adhesive layer connects the second surface and the third surface, and the infrared-reflective elements are provided on at least two of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface. The infrared-reflective elements are used for heating the first glass pane and / or the second glass pane. The electrically heated glass has a total solar transmittance TTS, which is less than or equal to 50%. By providing the infrared-reflective elements, a first infrared-reflective film and a second infrared-reflective film cooperate with each other to reflect sunlight, so as to improve the heat insulation effect of the electrically heated glass and avoid local hot spots. Moreover, this arrangement can reduce the impact on the projection effect of the laminated glass caused by stacking multiple metal layers in the related art, thereby lowering costs.

Description

Electrically heated glass and vehicle

[0001]

[0002] The present disclosure claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411125544.0, filed on August 16, 2024, with the Chinese Patent Office, and entitled “Electrically heated glass and vehicle”, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application belongs to the technical field of glass, and particularly relates to electrically heated glass and vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0004] In the related art, the defrosting and demisting can be achieved by heating the vehicle window glass. However, in the process of heating, due to human error and other factors, there is a case of turning on the power at room temperature. The high temperature is easy to scald the driver, and the vehicle window glass is easy to generate local hot spots under sunlight, thereby reducing the driving safety. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of this, the first aspect of the present application provides an electrically heated glass, the electrically heated glass comprising a laminated glass and at least two infrared reflective elements, the laminated glass comprising a first glass sheet, a bonding layer, and a second glass sheet, the first glass sheet having a first surface and a second surface, the second glass sheet having a third surface and a fourth surface, the bonding layer connecting the second surface and the third surface, the at least two infrared reflective elements being provided on at least two of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface.

[0006] The infrared reflective element is used for heating the first glass sheet and / or the second glass sheet; the electrically heated glass has a total solar transmittance TTS, and the total solar transmittance TTS≤50%.

[0007] The total solar transmittance TTS is 30%~50%, or 30%~45%, or 35%~45%.

[0008] The infrared reflective element comprises a first infrared reflective film and / or a second infrared reflective film, the first infrared reflective film comprising at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer, and the second infrared reflective film comprising at least one of ITO, ATO, AZO, and FTO.

[0009] The first infrared reflective film satisfies one of the following conditions:

[0010] When the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal layer, the material of the metal layer is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Mo.

[0011] when the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal alloy layer, the material of the metal alloy layer is selected from silver alloys;

[0012] when the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal oxide layer, the material of the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0013] wherein the first infrared reflective film is arranged on the second surface and / or the third surface.

[0014] wherein the infrared reflective element comprises a second infrared reflective film, the physical thickness of the second infrared reflective film is 100 nm to 500 nm, or 150 nm to 450 nm, or 200 nm to 400 nm, or 250 nm to 350 nm.

[0015] wherein the infrared reflective element comprises a second infrared reflective film, the second infrared reflective film is arranged on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface.

[0016] wherein the electrically heated glass further comprises an electrical connection element, the electrical connection element is electrically connected to at least one of the infrared reflective elements.

[0017] wherein at least two of the infrared reflective elements are respectively electrically connected to different electrical connection elements, the two infrared reflective elements are respectively heated by a first working voltage and / or a second working voltage, the first working voltage U1 is 12 V to 16 V, and the second working voltage U2 is 36 V to 52 V.

[0018] wherein the heating power density E of the infrared reflective element is 3.0 W / dm 2 ~6.5 W / dm 2 , or 3.0 W / dm 2 ~5.5 W / dm 2 , or 3.0 W / dm 2 ~4.5 W / dm 2 , or 4.0 W / dm 2 ~5.5 W / dm 2 , or 5.0 W / dm 2 ~6.5 W / dm 2 .

[0019] wherein the electrical connection element is arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate or arranged on the second glass plate, the difference between the height of the electrical connection element and the height of the edge of the laminated glass is h, h is 30 mm to 60 mm, or 35 mm to 55 mm, or 40 mm to 50 mm.

[0020] The laminated glass further comprises a shielding layer arranged on the second surface and / or the fourth surface, and the electric connecting element is arranged corresponding to the shielding layer.

[0021] The electric heating glass further comprises a humidity sensor, and the humidity sensor is configured to detect air humidity, and when the air humidity detected by the humidity sensor is greater than a preset humidity value, the infrared reflecting element is controlled to heat.

[0022] The electric heating glass further comprises a temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor is configured to detect the temperature of the laminated glass, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than a preset temperature value, the infrared reflecting element is controlled to stop heating.

[0023] The second aspect of the present application provides a vehicle, which comprises a vehicle body and the electric heating glass provided by the first aspect of the present application, and the electric heating glass is arranged on the vehicle body.

[0024] The electric heating glass and the vehicle provided by the present application can reflect sunlight by arranging the infrared reflecting element on the laminated glass, and the first infrared reflecting film and the second infrared reflecting film cooperate with each other, which not only can improve the heat insulation effect of the electric heating glass, so that the total solar transmittance TTS is less than or equal to 50%, and local hot spots are avoided, but also can reduce the influence of the projection effect of the laminated glass caused by the stacking of multiple metal layers in the related art, and the cost is reduced. Moreover, the infrared reflecting element can be respectively applied with the first working voltage and / or the second working voltage, and the heating power of the infrared reflecting element can be adjusted according to different use scenarios, so as to reduce the risk of scalding the driver and improve the driving safety. In addition, the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor are further arranged to control the infrared reflecting element, so as to avoid the risk of scalding the driver and further improve the driving safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be described below.

[0026] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic view of the electric heating glass provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 2 is a structural schematic view of the electric heating glass provided by another embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals: electrically heatable glass 1, laminated glass 10, first glass pane 11, first face 111, second face 112, adhesive layer 12, second glass pane 13, third face 131, fourth face 132, shielding layer 14, infrared-reflecting element 20, first infrared-reflecting film 21, second infrared-reflecting film 22, electrically connecting element 30.

[0029] Embodiments of the present application

[0030] The following are preferred embodiments of the present application. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several improvements and refinements can be made without departing from the principles of the present application, and these improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0031] Unless otherwise stated or contradictory in context, the terms or phrases used in the present application have the following meanings:

[0032] In the present application, "first", "second", and the like are used only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features.

[0033] In the present application, "one or more" refers to any one, any two, or any two or more of the listed items. Among them, "several" refers to any two or more.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the present application provides an electrically heatable glass 1, which comprises a laminated glass 10 and at least two infrared-reflecting elements 20, the laminated glass 10 comprising a first glass pane 11, an adhesive layer 12, and a second glass pane 13, the first glass pane 11 having a first face 111 and a second face 112, the second glass pane 13 having a third face 131 and a fourth face 132, the adhesive layer 12 connecting the second face 112 and the third face 131, the at least two infrared-reflecting elements 20 being provided on at least two of the second face 112, the third face 131, and the fourth face 132.

[0035] The infrared-reflecting elements 20 are used to heat the first glass pane 11 and / or the second glass pane 13; the electrically heatable glass 1 has a total solar transmittance TTS, and the total solar transmittance TTS≤50%.

[0036] Specifically, the first glass sheet is an outer glass sheet of the laminated glass, the first glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface, the first surface is away from the bonding layer and contacts with the environment outside the vehicle, and the second surface is close to the bonding layer; the second glass sheet is an inner glass sheet of the laminated glass, the second glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface, the third surface is close to the bonding layer, and the fourth surface is away from the bonding layer and contacts with the environment inside the vehicle; and the bonding layer connects the second surface and the third surface.

[0037] The first glass sheet can be white glass, or ordinary green glass, or solar green glass. When the laminated glass is heat-insulating glass with heat reflection function and / or the vehicle is provided with a laser radar, the first glass sheet is ordinary white glass with high transmittance, and more preferably, super white glass with higher transmittance. The first glass sheet is obtained by high-temperature bending forming at a temperature of at least 500 DEG C. The physical thickness of the first glass sheet is 1.6 mm to 5.0 mm, and can be, for example, 1.6 mm, or 1.8 mm, or 2.1 mm, or 2.6 mm, or 3.2 mm, or 3.5 mm, or 4.0 mm, or 4.5 mm, or 5.0 mm, and preferably, the physical thickness of the first glass sheet is 1.8 mm or 2.1 mm.

[0038] The bonding layer is used to bond and fix the first glass sheet and the second glass sheet together. The material of the bonding layer is selected from polycarbonate (PC), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC), or polyvinyl butyral (PVB), or ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), or polyacrylate (PA), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), or polyurethane (PUR), or ionomer film (SGP), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. The bonding layer can be a transparent thermoplastic polymer film or a colored thermoplastic polymer film. In addition, the bonding layer can also be selected to have a local coloring function, for example, at least one colored area is arranged at the top of the front windshield to serve as a shade band to reduce the interference of sunlight on the human eye, and for example, a colored area is arranged at the bottom of the front windshield to serve as a shielding function. It can also be that the top or bottom of the front windshield is colored, and the middle visible area is spliced by two or three transparent film pieces. The bonding layer can also add an infrared absorber to have a heat and light absorption function. The bonding layer can also include at least two layers, one of which has a higher plasticizer content to have a sound insulation function, or one of which is wedge-shaped to have a head-up display (HUD) function, etc.

[0039] The second glass sheet can be white glass, or ordinary green glass, or solar green glass. When the vehicle is provided with a laser radar, the second glass sheet must be ordinary white glass with high transmittance, and super white glass with higher transmittance is more preferred. The second glass sheet is obtained by high-temperature bending forming at a temperature of at least 500 DEG C. The physical thickness of the second glass sheet is 0.7mm to 5.0mm, and can be exemplified by 0.7mm, or 1.1mm, or 1.6mm, or 1.8mm, or 2.1mm, or 2.6mm, or 3.2mm, or 3.5mm, or 4.0mm, or 4.5mm, or 5.0mm, and preferably, the physical thickness of the first glass sheet is 1.8mm or 2.1mm.

[0040] The infrared reflecting element can be heated in an energized state to achieve defogging, defrosting, snow removal, ice removal, etc. The infrared reflecting element can also reflect sunlight. The infrared reflecting element has a layered shape. The infrared reflecting element can be a transparent conductive film. The infrared reflecting element is provided on the second surface, and / or the third surface, and / or the fourth surface. The number of infrared reflecting elements is two, or three, or four, or five, etc. The infrared reflecting element is used to heat the first glass sheet and / or the second glass sheet. At least one infrared reflecting element is electrically connected to the electrical connecting element. For example, the electrically heated glass includes two infrared reflecting elements, both of which are electrically connected to the electrical connecting element and can heat the laminated glass. For another example, the electrically heated glass includes two infrared reflecting elements, one of which is electrically connected to the electrical connecting element to heat the laminated glass, and the other of which is not connected to the electrical connecting element and only functions to reflect sunlight.

[0041] In the related art, if a metal layer is used alone as an infrared reflecting element, if the number of metal layers is small, the total solar transmittance TTS of the infrared reflecting element is too large, the heat insulation effect is poor, and if the number of metal layers is large, the cost is high, and the ghost color of the laminated glass is affected, which is not conducive to the projection performance of the head-up display.

[0042] The electrically heated glass has a total solar transmittance TTS, and the total solar transmittance TTS is less than or equal to 50%, which can be exemplified by 30%, or 35%, or 40%, or 45%, or 50%, etc. Preferably, the total solar transmittance TTS is 30% to 50%, more preferably, the total solar transmittance TTS is 30% to 45%, and further preferably, the total solar transmittance TTS is 35% to 45%. By providing at least two infrared reflecting elements, sunlight can be reflected, the heat insulation effect of the electrically heated glass is improved, the total solar transmittance TTS is less than or equal to 50%, local hot spots are avoided, and the influence of the multiple metal layers stacked in the related art on the projection effect of the laminated glass is reduced, and the cost is reduced.

[0043] The infrared reflective elements all contain metal and metal oxide. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the infrared reflective element 20 includes a first infrared reflective film 21 and / or a second infrared reflective film 22. The materials of the first infrared reflective film 21 and the second infrared reflective film 22 are not the same. For example, as shown in FIG. 1, at least two infrared reflective elements 20 include two first infrared reflective films 21. For another example, as shown in FIG. 2, at least two infrared reflective elements 20 include a first infrared reflective film 21 and a second infrared reflective film 22.

[0044] The infrared reflective element of the present application includes a first infrared reflective film, and the first infrared reflective film includes a metal layer, or a metal alloy layer, or a metal oxide layer. When the first infrared reflective film includes a metal layer, the material of the metal layer is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Mo. When the first infrared reflective film includes a metal alloy layer, the material of the metal alloy layer is selected from silver alloy. When the first infrared reflective film includes a metal oxide layer, the material of the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, antimony-doped tin oxide.

[0045] When the first infrared reflective film includes a metal layer or a metal alloy layer, the first infrared reflective film further includes at least two dielectric layers, and the metal layer or the metal alloy layer is located between the two dielectric layers. The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one of zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, titanium oxide, silicon oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, aluminum nitride, titanium metal layer. The dielectric layer can play the role of electrical isolation, signal transmission, protection, acting as a mask, etc. in the first infrared reflective film, thereby ensuring the reliability and stability of the first infrared reflective film in the electrically heated glass.

[0046] The first infrared reflective film includes a metal layer, and the number of the metal layer is one, or two, or three, or four. For example, the metal layer is a silver layer. For example, the first infrared reflective film includes one silver layer, and the first infrared reflective film is 2.5Ω / sq~4.0Ω / sq. For another example, the first infrared reflective film includes two silver layers, and the first infrared reflective film is 1.0Ω / sq~2.5Ω / sq. For another example, the first infrared reflective film includes three silver layers, and the first infrared reflective film is 0.5Ω / sq~1.0Ω / sq. Under the same voltage, the larger the surface electron, the smaller the power, and the worse the heating performance of the first infrared reflective film. Moreover, the more the number of the metal layer, the higher the cost, and the impact on the ghost color of the laminated glass, which is not conducive to the projection performance of the heads-up display. By limiting the number of the first metal layer to 1-3, the first infrared reflective film has sufficient heating performance to quickly achieve defogging, defrosting, snow removal, ice removal, etc., and reduces the impact of the multiple metal layer stacking in the related art on the projection effect of the laminated glass, thereby reducing the cost.

[0047] The first infrared reflective film is provided on the second surface and / or the third surface. When the first infrared reflective film is provided on the second surface or the third surface, the first glass sheet is preferably white glass or ultra-white glass. The first infrared reflective film can be deposited on the second surface or the third surface by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or physical vapor deposition (PVD), for example, by magnetron sputtering deposition. Preferably, the first infrared reflective film can withstand high-temperature heat treatment, such as heat treatment during bending processes, such as bending or tempering.

[0048] The infrared reflective element of the present application includes a second infrared reflective film, which includes an ITO layer, or an ATO layer, or an AZO layer, or an FTO layer. Specifically, the ITO layer is a transparent conductive film composed of indium oxide (In2O3) and tin oxide (SnO2). The ATO layer is a composite oxide film composed of antimony (Sb) and tin (Sn). The AZO layer is a transparent conductive film of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (ZnO). The FTO layer is a transparent conductive film composed of an N-type semiconductor material.

[0049] The second infrared reflective film further includes at least one stack structure, each stack structure including a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer stacked in sequence, the high refractive index layer having a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.8, and the low refractive index layer having a refractive index less than 1.8. The number of stack structures is 1 to 4, for example, 1, 2, 3, or 4, etc. The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from oxides of at least one of Zn, Sn, Nb, Ti, Ni, Cr, and Ta; or, selected from nitrides or oxynitrides of at least one of Si, Zr, and Al. The material of the low refractive index layer is selected from oxides of at least one of Si, Al, and B; or, selected from fluorides of at least one of Mg, Al, and Ba.

[0050] Optionally, the ITO layer, or the ATO layer, or the AZO layer, or the FTO layer is provided on the side of the stack structure away from the first glass sheet. Optionally, the ITO layer, or the ATO layer, or the AZO layer, or the FTO layer is sandwiched between two stack structures. Optionally, the ITO layer, or the ATO layer, or the AZO layer, or the FTO layer serves as the high refractive index layer or the low refractive index layer in the stack structure.

[0051] The infrared reflective element includes a second infrared reflective film having a physical thickness of 100 nm to 500 nm, for example, 100 nm, 150 nm, 200 nm, 250 nm, 300 nm, 350 nm, 400 nm, 450 nm, or 500 nm, preferably 150 nm to 450 nm, more preferably 200 nm to 400 nm, and more preferably 250 nm to 350 nm.

[0052] The second infrared reflection film is arranged on at least one of the second surface, the third surface and the fourth surface. Preferably, the second infrared reflection film is arranged on the fourth surface. The second infrared reflection film can be directly deposited on the fourth surface by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or a physical vapor deposition (PVD) method, for example, by a magnetron sputtering deposition; and preferably, the second infrared reflection film can withstand high-temperature heat treatment, such as heat treatment processes of bending or tempering and the like.

[0053] In summary, the first infrared reflection film and the second infrared reflection film have a reflection effect on solar energy, reduce the total solar energy transmittance, and play a heat insulation role. Moreover, by increasing the electrical connection elements and the power input on the first infrared reflection film and the second infrared reflection film, the first infrared reflection film and the second infrared reflection film have conductive properties, heat the laminated glass, and can play a defrosting and defogging function.

[0054] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the electrically heated glass 1 further comprises at least two electrical connection elements 30, which are electrically connected to at least one of the infrared reflection elements 20. Specifically, the two electrical connection elements 30 are respectively electrically connected to opposite ends of one infrared reflection element 20, so that the infrared reflection element 20 is uniformly heated. The material of the electrical connection elements is selected from at least one of a metal foil and a conductive silver paste.

[0055] The heating power density E of the infrared reflection element is 3.0 W / dm 2 ~6.5 W / dm 2 , specifically, 3.0 W / dm 2 , or 3.5 W / dm 2 , or 4.0 W / dm 2 , or 4.5 W / dm 2 , or 5.0 W / dm 2 , or 5.5 W / dm 2 , or 6.0 W / dm 2 , or 6.5 W / dm 2 , etc. Preferably, 3.0 W / dm 2 ~5.5 W / dm 2 , more preferably, 3.0 W / dm 2 ~4.5 W / dm 2 , further more preferably, 4.0 W / dm 2 ~5.5 W / dm 2 , yet further more preferably, 5.0 W / dm 2 ~6.5 W / dm 2 , so as to realize rapid defogging, defrosting, snow removing and ice removing, and control the heating temperature in a suitable range, thereby reducing the risk of scalding the driver and improving the driving safety.

[0056] At least two of the infrared reflection elements are respectively electrically connected with different electrical connection elements, and the two infrared reflection elements are respectively heated by using a first working voltage and / or a second working voltage, the first working voltage U1 is 12V-16V, and specific examples can be 12V, or 13V, or 14V, or 15V, or 16V, etc.; the second working voltage U2 is 36V-52V, and specific examples can be 36V, or 37V, or 38V, or 39V, 40V, or 41V, or 42V, or 43V, or 44V, or 45V, or 46V, or 47V, or 48V, or 49V, or 50V, etc.

[0057] The infrared reflection elements can respectively use the first working voltage and / or the second working voltage, and are selected according to different use scenarios, which is conducive to adjusting the heating power of the infrared reflection elements, thereby reducing the risk of scalding the driver and improving the driving safety.

[0058] The electrically heated glass has two infrared reflection elements. For example, both of the two infrared reflection elements use the first working voltage. For another example, both of the two infrared reflection elements use the second working voltage. For another example, one of the two infrared reflection elements uses the first working voltage, and the other infrared reflection element uses the second working voltage. Further, the heating power and time parameters can be further limited according to the scene requirements. For example, the two infrared reflection elements are heated at the same time first, and only one of the two infrared reflection elements is heated after a certain time. For another example, the first working voltage is used for heating first, and then the second working voltage is used for heating.

[0059] The electrical connection element is arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, or arranged on the second glass plate. For example, when the electrical connection element is arranged on the first infrared reflection film of the second surface, the electrical connection element is located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and the power supply can make the heating current flow through the first infrared reflection film through the electrical connection element, and the first infrared reflection film generates heat and produces heat under the action of the heating current, so that the electrically heated glass has the functions of defrosting, defogging, deicing, etc. For another example, when the electrical connection element is arranged on the second infrared reflection film of the fourth surface, the electrical connection element is located on the second glass plate, and the power supply can make the heating current flow through the second infrared reflection film through the electrical connection element, and the second infrared reflection film generates heat and produces heat under the action of the heating current, so that the electrically heated glass has the function of defogging.

[0060] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the height difference between the electrical connecting element 30 and the edge of the laminated glass 10 is h, h is 30mm-60mm, for example, 30mm, or 35mm, or 40mm, or 45mm, or 50mm, or 55mm, or 60mm, preferably, 35mm-55mm, more preferably, 40mm-50mm, thereby reducing the probability of damage to the electrical connecting element 30.

[0061] As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, the laminated glass 10 further comprises a shielding layer 14, the shielding layer 14 is arranged on the second surface 112 and / or the fourth surface 132, and the electrical connecting element 30 is arranged corresponding to the shielding layer 14. Specifically, the shielding layer comprises a top shielding layer and a bottom shielding layer arranged at intervals, one electrical connecting element corresponds to the top shielding layer, and the other electrical connecting element corresponds to the bottom shielding layer.

[0062] The shielding layer is used to improve the appearance, protect the parts in the vehicle, and improve the adhesion of the local part, or use a thermoplastic intermediate layer with coloring function as a shielding layer. Alternatively, the visible light transmittance of the shielding layer is less than or equal to 5.0%, preferably less than or equal to 1.5%. The material of the shielding layer is selected from at least one of dark ink, opaque polymer film, and light modulation film. The dark ink can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink, which is printed on the second surface and / or the fourth surface by screen printing, inkjet printing and other processes, and forms the shielding layer after curing or high-temperature sintering.

[0063] The electrically heated glass further comprises a humidity sensor, which is used to detect the air humidity, and when the air humidity detected by the humidity sensor is greater than a preset humidity value, the infrared reflecting element is controlled to heat. Alternatively, the preset humidity value is 60%, or 65%, or 70%, or 75%, or 80%, etc.

[0064] Specifically, the humidity sensor calculates the humidity by measuring the moisture content in the air and converts it into an electrical signal output. The humidity sensor generally consists of a sensing element and a signal processing unit. The sensing element generally uses electrochemical, capacitive or resistive technology. Among them, the electrochemical humidity sensor uses the electrochemical reaction of the material under the change of humidity to measure the humidity. The capacitive humidity sensor determines the humidity by measuring the effect of moisture in the air on the capacitance. The resistive humidity sensor obtains the humidity value by measuring the resistance of the material under the change of humidity. The signal processing unit converts the electrical signal measured by the sensing element into a digital signal and transmits it to the vehicle system for processing.

[0065] In rainy and snowy days, or in weather with large temperature difference between inside and outside of the car, a layer of fog will condense on the inside glass, especially on the front windshield. This situation seriously affects the safety of driving. By setting a humidity sensor, when the humidity sensor detects that the air humidity is greater than the preset humidity value, the infrared reflecting element is controlled to heat, automatically adjusting the humidity in the car, and realizing rapid defogging.

[0066] Optionally, the electric heating glass is used as the front windshield, and the humidity sensor can be installed at the top end of the center console below the inside of the front windshield, which can monitor the air humidity condition in the car in real time. For example, when the air humidity in the car is higher than 75%, the moisture in the air will gradually condense into fine water droplets and condense on the car wall with large temperature difference, forming fog, which seriously affects the driver's forward vision. At this time, the humidity sensor installed in the car will detect that the air humidity is out of standard, so the system will automatically turn on the front windshield heating function to defog.

[0067] The electric heating glass also includes a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the laminated glass, and when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is greater than a preset temperature value, the infrared reflecting element is controlled to stop heating. Optionally, the preset temperature value is 60℃, or 65℃, or 70℃, or 75℃, or 80℃, etc.

[0068] Specifically, the temperature sensor measures temperature by using the characteristic that the resistance value of ceramic semiconductor material changes with temperature. The temperature sensor can be arranged below the instrument panel and below the rear windshield, which can be used to detect the temperature of the glass in real time. When the temperature of the glass exceeds its set value (for example: 70℃), the system can start the automatic power-off function through the controller to stop the electric heating glass from heating. Optionally, the temperature sensor can be a thermocouple sensor, or a thermistor sensor, or a bimetallic strip sensor, or an infrared temperature sensor, or a digital temperature sensor, etc. The thermocouple sensor is composed of two different metals, which uses the Seebeck effect, that is, two different conductors generate thermoelectric power under temperature difference, thereby measuring temperature change. The thermistor sensor is a resistance sensor whose resistance value changes with temperature. By measuring the change of resistance value, the change of temperature can be determined. The bimetallic strip sensor uses two metals with different expansion coefficients to produce mechanical bending motion when heated due to the different expansion degrees of different metals, thereby indicating the temperature. The infrared temperature sensor measures temperature by detecting the infrared energy radiated by the object, which is suitable for non-contact temperature measurement. The digital temperature sensor is produced by silicon technology, which converts temperature into digital signal by using PTAT (positive temperature coefficient) structure, which is suitable for high-precision temperature measurement.

[0069] By setting the humidity sensor and the temperature sensor, the infrared reflecting element is further controlled to avoid the risk of scalding the driver, and the driving safety is further improved.

[0070] The application also provides a vehicle comprising a vehicle body and the electrically heated glass provided above.

[0071] When the electrically heated glass is installed on a vehicle, it is preferably used as a front windshield of the vehicle. However, it is not limited thereto, and the electrically heated glass can also be used as a rear windshield or a side window glass, thereby providing more display scene applications for the vehicle.

[0072] In order to make the purposes and advantages of the application more clear, the effects of the electrically heated glass of the application are further described in detail below in combination with specific examples 1-2.

[0073] Example 1:

[0074] The first infrared reflection film with three metal layers having a surface resistance of 0.5 Ω / sq~1.0 Ω / sq is arranged on the second surface of the first glass sheet, and the first infrared reflection film with one metal layer having a surface resistance of 2.5 Ω / sq~4.0 Ω / sq is arranged on the third surface of the second glass sheet. When the total energy of the sunlight penetrates the first glass sheet to reach the first infrared reflection film with three metal layers, a part of the solar energy is reflected, and the remaining energy reaches the first infrared reflection film with one metal layer after being absorbed by the bonding layer, and continues to reflect the solar energy. At this time, the overall product combination TTS is about 30%~45%. The first glass sheet and the second glass sheet of this embodiment are both white glass, and the bonding layer is white PVB. In this way, the visible light transmittance TL is ensured to be >70% under the premise of heat insulation, and the product can be used for front windshield.

[0075] When the electrically heated glass is provided with a first working voltage of 12V~16V, i.e. the traditional vehicle voltage, the first infrared reflection film with three metal layers can be used for heating, and the power density can reach 3.0 W / dm 2 ~4.5 W / dm 2 After heating for 5 minutes, the glass surface temperature rises by ≥5℃. The first infrared reflection film with three metal layers and the first infrared reflection film with one metal layer can also be heated at the same time, and then the glass surface temperature rises by ≥7℃ after heating for 5 minutes.

[0076] The setting voltage is the first working voltage 12V~16V, when the windshield defrosting and demisting is needed, the first infrared reflective film with three metal layers and the first infrared reflective film with one metal layer heating system can be started at the same time. The humidity sensor is used for detection, when the humidity is 90%~95%, the heating system of the first infrared reflective film with three metal layers can be disconnected, the first infrared reflective film with one metal layer can be kept heating to keep from fogging; when the humidity is 95%~100%, the heating system of the first infrared reflective film with one metal layer can be disconnected, the heating system of the first infrared reflective film with three metal layers can be kept to keep from fogging.

[0077] When the voltage provided for the electric heating glass is the second working voltage 36V~52V high voltage, in order to avoid excessive power and high temperature of the glass surface, we give the first infrared reflective film with one metal layer power heating, the power density can reach 4.0W / dm 2 ~5.5W / dm 2 ; the first infrared reflective film with three metal layers is powered and heated, the power density can reach 5.0W / dm 2 ~6.5 W / dm 2 , according to the defrosting and demisting requirements, different first infrared reflective films can be selected for heating.

[0078] Using this scheme can not only ensure the heat insulation performance of the product, but also select different infrared reflective elements for heating according to different input voltages, avoid local hot spots, and achieve the sharing of low voltage and high voltage, that is, the sharing of the first working voltage and the second working voltage. According to different heating performance requirements, the first infrared reflective film with three metal layers and the first infrared reflective film with one metal layer can also be replaced by the first infrared reflective film with two metal layers, which can be replaced at the same time or separately.

[0079] When the setting voltage is the second working voltage 36V~52V, the temperature sensor is used for detection, when the glass surface temperature reaches 70℃, the power can be automatically disconnected. In snowy or foggy weather, the low voltage heating can be switched to keep from icing or fogging, and energy can be saved.

[0080] Example 2:

[0081] The first infrared reflection film with three metal layers having a surface resistance of 0.5 Ω / sq~1.0 Ω / sq or the first infrared reflection film with two metal layers having a surface resistance of 1.0 Ω / sq~2.5 Ω / sq is arranged on the second surface of the first glass plate or the third surface of the second glass plate, and the second infrared reflection film is arranged on the fourth surface of the second glass plate. The second infrared reflection film has a large surface resistance and can be used for defogging, and the film layers have the functions of keeping warm in winter and cool in summer. The humidity sensor is used for detection, when the humidity is 90%~95%, the second infrared reflection film of the second glass plate is kept in the energized heating state to keep from fogging; when the humidity is 95%~100%, the first infrared reflection film is kept in the heating state to keep from fogging. In order to quickly defrost and defog, the first infrared reflection film and the second infrared reflection film are suggested to be heated simultaneously, and high-voltage 36~52V heating is preferentially selected. After the high-voltage 36~52V heating is used to quickly defrost and defog, the low-voltage 12~16V heating is switched to, which can keep from fogging or icing and save energy.

[0082] The second infrared reflection film can be selected according to the defrosting requirements of customers, and the first infrared reflection film with three metal layers is arranged on the second surface or the third surface for products with high power density requirements, and the first infrared reflection film with two metal layers is arranged on the second surface or the third surface for products with low power density requirements. The first infrared reflection film and the second infrared reflection film have the function of reflecting solar energy, and thus have the function of heat insulation.

[0083] In addition, both the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 can be combined with the temperature sensor and the humidity sensor to achieve the effect of automatic on-off.

[0084] The above provides a detailed introduction to the content provided by the embodiments of the present application, and the principles and embodiments of the present application are described and explained in this paper. The above description is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present application; at the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific embodiments and application range will be changed, and the above description should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. An electrically heatable glass, characterized in that The electrically heated glass comprises a laminated glass and at least two infrared reflective elements, the laminated glass comprises a first glass sheet, a bonding layer, and a second glass sheet, the first glass sheet has a first surface and a second surface, the second glass sheet has a third surface and a fourth surface, the bonding layer connects the second surface and the third surface, the at least two infrared reflective elements are arranged on at least two of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface; The infrared reflective elements are used for heating the first glass sheet and / or the second glass sheet; The electrically heated glass has a total solar transmittance TTS, and the total solar transmittance TTS is less than or equal to 50%.

2. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The total solar transmittance TTS is 30% to 50%, or 30% to 45%, or 35% to 45%.

3. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The infrared reflective elements comprise a first infrared reflective film and / or a second infrared reflective film, the first infrared reflective film comprises at least one of a metal layer, a metal alloy layer, and a metal oxide layer, and the second infrared reflective film comprises at least one of ITO, ATO, AZO, and FTO.

4. The electrically heated glass of claim 3, wherein, The first infrared reflective film satisfies one of the following conditions: When the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal layer, the material of the metal layer is selected from at least one of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, and Mo; When the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal alloy layer, the material of the metal alloy layer is selected from a silver alloy; When the first infrared reflective film comprises a metal oxide layer, the material of the metal oxide layer is selected from at least one of indium tin oxide, tin zinc oxide, fluorine-doped tin dioxide, aluminum-doped tin dioxide, gallium-doped tin dioxide, boron-doped tin dioxide, and antimony-doped tin oxide.

5. The electrically heated glass of claim 3, wherein, The first infrared reflective film is arranged on the second surface and / or the third surface.

6. The electrically heated glass of claim 3, wherein, The infrared reflective elements comprise a second infrared reflective film, and the physical thickness of the second infrared reflective film is 100 nm to 500 nm, or 150 nm to 450 nm, or 200 nm to 400 nm, or 250 nm to 350 nm.

7. The electrically heated glass of claim 3, wherein, The infrared reflective elements comprise a second infrared reflective film, and the second infrared reflective film is arranged on at least one of the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface.

8. The electrically heated glass according to claim 3 or 6 or 7, wherein The second infrared reflective film further comprises at least one stack structure, each stack structure comprises a high refractive index layer and a low refractive index layer which are sequentially stacked, the refractive index of the high refractive index layer is greater than or equal to 1.8, and the refractive index of the low refractive index layer is less than 1.

8.

9. The electrically heated glass of claim 8, wherein, The number of the stack structures is 1 to 4; The material of the high refractive index layer is selected from oxides of at least one of Zn, Sn, Nb, Ti, Ni, Cr, and Ta; or, selected from nitrides or oxynitrides of at least one of Si, Zr, and Al; The material of the low refractive index layer is selected from oxides of at least one of Si, Al, and B; or, selected from fluorides of at least one of Mg, Al, and Ba.

10. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The electrically heated glass further comprises an electrical connection element, and the electrical connection element is electrically connected to at least one of the infrared reflective elements.

11. The electrically heated glass of claim 10, wherein, At least two of the infrared reflective elements are respectively electrically connected to different electrical connection elements, and the two infrared reflective elements are heated by using a first working voltage and / or a second working voltage, the first working voltage U1 is 12V-16V, and the second working voltage U2 is 36V-52V.

12. The electrically heated glass of claim 11, wherein, The heating power density E of the infrared reflecting element is 3.0 W / dm 2 ~ 6.5 W / dm 2 or 3.0 W / dm 2 ~ 5.5 W / dm 2 or 3.0 W / dm 2 ~ 4.5 W / dm 2 or 4.0 W / dm 2 ~ 5.5 W / dm 2 or 5.0 W / dm 2 ~ 6.5 W / dm 2 .

13. The electrically heated glass of claim 11, wherein, The electrical connection element is arranged between the first glass plate and the second glass plate or on the second glass plate, and the height difference between the electrical connection element and the edge of the laminated glass is h, h is 30mm-60mm, or 35mm-55mm, or 40mm-50mm.

14. The electrically heated glass of claim 11, wherein, The laminated glass further comprises a shielding layer arranged on the second surface and / or the fourth surface, and the electrical connection element is arranged corresponding to the shielding layer.

15. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The electrically heated glass further comprises a humidity sensor for detecting air humidity, and when the air humidity detected by the humidity sensor is greater than a preset humidity value, the infrared reflective element is controlled to heat.

16. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The electrically heated glass further comprises a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the laminated glass, and when the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is greater than a preset temperature value, the infrared reflective element is controlled to stop heating.

17. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The physical thickness of the first glass plate is 1.6mm-5.0mm, and the physical thickness of the second glass plate is 0.7mm-5.0mm.

18. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The second surface of the first glass plate is arranged with a first infrared reflective film with three metal layers, and the surface resistance is 0.5Ω / sq-1.0Ω / sq. The third surface of the second glass plate is arranged with a first infrared reflective film with one metal layer, and the surface resistance is 2.5Ω / sq-4.0Ω / sq.

19. The electrically heated glass of claim 1, wherein, The second surface of the first glass plate or the third surface of the second glass plate is arranged with a first infrared reflective film with three metal layers, and the surface resistance is 0.5Ω / sq-1.0Ω / sq. Or, a first infrared reflective film with two metal layers, and the surface resistance is 1.0Ω / sq-2.5Ω / sq. The fourth surface of the second glass plate is arranged with a second infrared reflective film.

20. A vehicle characterized by The vehicle comprises a vehicle body and the electrically heated glass according to any one of claims 1-19, and the electrically heated glass is arranged on the vehicle body.

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