System and method for performing network switching

Abstract

A method (500) for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2) is disclosed. An access mobility and management function (AMF) receives one or more requests from each of the one or more UEs, where each request includes information corresponding to at least public land mobile network (PLMN) information from each of the one or more UEs (104) to a Unified Data Management (UDM). Upon receiving one or more requests from the AMF (202), the UDM checks the PLMN is included in a specialized UE-Usage-Type (UUT) enabled PLMN list. On detecting the at least one PLMN belongs to the UUT enabled PLMN list, the UDM performs the network switching, redirecting a first set of the UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network to the second network.

Description

SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PERFORMING NETWORK SWITCHINGTECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to the field of communication systems. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to systems and methods for performing network switching for a defined percentage of subscribers and a duration.DEFINITION

[0002] As used in the present disclosure, the following terms are generally intended to have the meaning as set forth below, except to the extent that the context in which they are used to indicate otherwise.

[0003] The term “Subscriber” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a user or a device that is connected to the network.

[0004] The term “Network entity” used hereinafter in the specification refers to an entity that serves a cellular network for providing voice services (i.e., calls) and data services to a user equipment. The network entity may include, but not be limited to, a base station controller, a base transceiver station, a cell site, a NodeB, an eNodeB, a gNodeB, a radio network controller, and any such entity obvious to a person skilled in the art.

[0005] The term “Wireless device” or “user equipment (UE)” or user equipments (UEs) used hereinafter in the specification refers to a computing device that is latched to the network entity to receive voice and data services. The wireless device may refer to any one of various cellular telephones, personal data assistants (PDA’s), palm-top computers, laptop computers with wireless modems, wireless electronic mail receivers, multimedia Internet-enabled cellular telephones, and similar personal electronic devices. A wireless device may include a programmable processor and memory. In a preferred embodiment, the wireless device is a cellular handhelddevice (e.g., a wireless device), which can communicate via a cellular telephone communications network. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the terms “wireless device” and “UE” may be used interchangeably throughout the disclosure.

[0006] The term “Key Performance Indicator (KPI)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to metrics used to assess various aspects of network performance, efficiency, and quality. The KPI comprises throughput, latency, coverage, quality, reliability, etc.

[0007] Fourth generation (4G) in cellular networks refers to the fourth generation of mobile communication technology, following 1G, 2G, and 3G. 4G is designed to provide faster data speeds, higher capacity, and improved reliability for mobile internet, voice services, and multimedia applications, with high data rates and low latency

[0008] The term “Fifth generation (5G)” network used hereinafter in the specification refers to the latest evolution in mobile telecommunications technology, succeeding the previous generations (1G, 2G, 2G, and 4G LTE). It introduces several revolutionary features and capabilities designed to significantly enhance mobile broadband and enable new applications across various industries.

[0009] The term “UE-Usage-Type (UUT)” used hereinafter in the specification indicates the usage characteristics of the UE that enable the selection of a specific dedicated core network (DCN) or data network. Different data networks are deployed by network service providers to serve specific subsets of subscribers. The DCN supports multiple Radio Access Network (RAN) types and includes regular core network nodes, such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME), S-GW (Serving Gateway), and P-GW (PDN Gateway). The UUT is stored in a HSS (Home Subscriber Server) within the subscription information of the UE. Each UE has one UUT. The UUT helps the network operators to tailor their services and manage resources better by understanding and categorizing how different devices are used.

[0010] The term “Attribute Value Pair (A VP)” used hereinafter in the specification indicates a format used to represent information in various domains. The A VP operates on a concept of key-value pairs. The attribute serves as the key, while the value corresponds to the associated data. This structure enables efficient storage, retrieval, and processing of information. The UUT AVP includes a value corresponding to the UUT. For example, if the UUT AVP has a value corresponding to 5G, and the user equipment may be connected to the 5G network.

[0011] The term “Home Subscriber Server (HSS)” used hereinafter in the specification indicates a function that is configured to manage subscriber information that contains subscriber information, device profile, and state information. HSS is configured to cater various tasks such as authentication, authorization, and mobility management functions for various networks. The HSS supports authentication and security procedures for network access by providing credentials and keys towards network entities (for example, MME). The HSS is a central database that contains all relevant details about a subscriber’s information and user authentication. The HSS also provides information for calls and IP session set up. This server makes it easier for service providers to manage the information of their subscribers in real time.

[0012] The term “Mobility Management Entity (MME)” used hereinafter in the specification is responsible for tasks such as user registration, session management, handover coordination, security, and location tracking. The MME is responsible for handling signals between active UEs and the network. It is also responsible for signaling between eNodeBs and the core network. For continuous functionality, the MME also keeps track of the UE’s location within the network. The MME authenticates the UEs by communicating with the HSS.

[0013] The term "User Data Management (UDM)" used hereinafter in the specification refers to the central entity responsible for managing user authentication, authorization, and identity in the network.

[0014] The term “outage” used hereinafter in the specification indicates a temporary disruption or interruption in service. This can occur due to various reasons, such as natural disasters, equipment failure, or maintenance. During the outage, a subscriber is unable to use the services such as data services, calling facilities etc.

[0015] The term “Modulo 100” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a process of generating sequence numbers or identifiers that are constrained within a certain range.

[0016] The term “Usage and Location Area" (ULA)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to an Update Location Request (ULR) command response for managing location updates in mobile networks, specifically in procedures related to subscriber location tracking and mobility management..

[0017] The term “UE Context” used hereinafter in the specification refers to the collection of information and parameters that characterize the current state and configuration of the UE. The UE context includes details such as the UE's identity, session information, quality of service parameters, and mobility-related data.

[0018] The term “UE Context Management (UECM)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to handling and maintenance of the UE contexts within the network. The UECM includes tasks such as creating, updating, deleting, and retrieving UE context information.

[0019] The term “UECM micro- service” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a micro-service specifically dedicated to handling UE context management tasks.

[0020] The term “PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to a network operated by a telecommunications provider to offer mobile communication services to subscribers. Each PLMN is uniquely identified by a combination of Mobile Country Code (MCC) and Mobile Network Code (MNC).

[0021] The term “Handover" used hereinafter in the specification refers to the process where a mobile device or the UE transitions its connection from one network to another network.

[0022] The term “New Radio (NR)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to radio access technology introduced as part of the 5G network standards.

[0023] The term “Register attempts” used hereinafter in the specification refer to the process where the UE attempts to establish an initial registration or re-registration with the network.

[0024] The term “eNodeB (eNB)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to the base station in a Long Term Evolution (LTE) (4G) networks that connects mobile devices (UE) to the LTE network infrastructure.

[0025] The term “gNodeB (gNB)” used hereinafter in the specification refers to the base station that connects devices (UEs) to the 5G network infrastructure.

[0026] These definitions are in addition to those expressed in the art.BACKGROUND

[0027] The following description of related art is intended to provide background information pertaining to the field of the disclosure. This section may include certain aspects of the art that may be related to various features of the present disclosure. However, it should be appreciated that this section be used only to enhance the reader's understanding with respect to the present disclosure, and not as admissions of prior art.

[0028] Conventional technique involves the adaptive strategies in telecommunications to ensure service continuity amidst the complexities of modern network technologies, specifically the transition between 5G and 4G networks. As the industry progresses with advanced networks like 5G and anticipate 6G, maintainingstability and uninterrupted service during network disruptions becomes increasingly important.

[0029] A UE-Usage-Type (UUT) is used to make the subscriber attach to the 4G network in case there is any outage or significant key performance indicator (KPI) drop observed in the 5G core network. The UUT provides a spontaneous, smooth, and transparent approach towards switching over a user equipment (UE) between different communication networks (4G, 5G and 6G). The changeover happens without touching the provisioning architecture of network entities or nodes. The subscriber profiles are not duplicated. The UUT value stored in a home subscriber server (HSS) is used by a mobility management entity (MME) to select a core network that should serve the UE. The HSS provides the UUT value in subscription information of the UE to the MME. The MME selects one of the multiple core networks deployed based on the UUT to network mapping.

[0030] When a serious service impact is observed in a circle of the 5G core network, the UUT feature is enabled on a User Data Management (UDM) / HSS for all subscribers of that circle. After enabling the UUT feature, the UE registration requests to the UDM are returned with “No 5G Subscription”. The UE attempts to attach to the 4G core, and a request comes to the HSS. The HSS returns a subscriber profile with the specific UUT value. Based on the UUT value received from the HSS, the MME selects the 4G core network instead of the 5G core network. The UE (voice and data) is then served through the 4G core network. The UE handover attempt to the 5G may fail due to “No 5G Subscription” to the UUT. The UE continues to be served through the 4G core network till the UUT is enabled for that circle.

[0031] Currently, when an outage is observed in the 5G core network, the operations team may enable the UUT feature on a list of public land mobile networks (PLMNs). All the 5G subscribers of these PLMNs are then switched from the 5G core network to the 4G core network. This might not always be required, as the 5G circle, facing outages because of a cyclic increase in the network signaling traffic, might bestabilized by moving only a small percentage of users of the 5G core network to the 4G core network.

[0032] There is a need for a method and a system that performs network switching of subscribers of the circle of the 5G core network to the 4G core network in an effective and efficient way.

[0033] There is, therefore, a need in the art to provide the method and the system that can mitigate the disadvantages of the prior art.OBJECTIVE

[0034] Some of the objectives of the present disclosure, which at least one embodiment herein satisfies, are as follows:

[0035] An objective of the present disclosure is to provide a system and a method for performing network switching for a defined percentage of subscribers and a duration.

[0036] Another objective of the present disclosure is to automatically enable a UE-usage-type (UUT) for affected public land mobile networks (PLMNs), with a defined percentage and duration.

[0037] Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to redirect the defined percentage of subscribers from a 5G core network to be served through a 4G core network.

[0038] Yet another objective of the present disclosure is to implicitly disable the UUT enforcement / override after the UUT-Duration.

[0039] Other objectives and advantages of the present disclosure will be more apparent from the following description, which is not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.SUMMARY

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, a method for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network to a second network is described. The method includes sending, by an access mobility and management function (AMF), one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs, to a unified data management (UDM). On receiving the one or more requests from the AMF, determining, by the UDM, whether the one or more UEs is associated with a UE-Usage-Type (UUT) list, and whether the determined UUT is enabled for the UE. On determining the UE is associated with the enabled UUT, performing the network switching, by the UDM, by redirecting a first set of UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network to the second network.

[0041] In an embodiment, the method includes redirecting, by the UDM, the first set of UEs from the first network to the second network based on a redirection criteria.

[0042] In an embodiment, the redirection criteria include generating, by the UDM, a redirection value of the one or more UEs. The redirection criteria include checking, by the UDM, whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value. The redirection criteria include responsive to identifying that the generated redirection value is greater than a preconfigured rejection value, determining, by the UDM, the first set of UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value and redirecting, by the UDM, the determined first set of UEs from the first network to the second network.

[0043] In an embodiment, on identifying that the generated redirection value is less than the preconfigured rejection value, the method includes rejecting, by the UDM, the one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs by sending a rejection response to each of the one or more UEs, where the rejection response includes an unknown first network subscription message.

[0044] In an embodiment, the method includes indicating, by a home subscriber server (HSS) to the UDM, to restrict a handover of the one or more UEs, to which the HSS has enforced a UUT, to the first network by including the one or more UEs in an update location answer (ULA), where the HSS is configured to send an communication to a mobility management entity (MME) to restrict frequent handover of the one or more UEs while a session is established through the second network.

[0045] In an embodiment, the method includes enforcing, by the HSS, the UUT for the one or more UEs when a new registration is received from the MME for the handover from the first network to the second network to allow continuation of services through a combination of the first network and the second network.

[0046] In an embodiment, the one or more requests includes a registration request and a handover request.

[0047] In an embodiment, the method includes controlling, by the UDM, the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN, upon detecting an outage in the first network by at least one of a network node and a network service associated with the UDM.

[0048] In an embodiment, the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN is controlled for a predefined UUT time duration.

[0049] In an embodiment, the network node includes at least one of the HSS, an access and mobility management function (AMF), the MME, and the at least one network monitoring system.

[0050] In an embodiment, the network service associated with the UDM is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system and is further configured to analyse the received network performance data to detect the outage in the first network.

[0051] In an embodiment, the method includes automatically updating, by the UDM, the UUT enabled PLMN list by adding one or more PLMNs associated with the first network, upon detecting the outage in the first network.

[0052] In an embodiment, the UDM is configured to control the UUT for a PUMN list, the redirection value and the predefined UUT time duration for the UUT enabled PUMN list through an application programming interface (API) from the network node.

[0053] In an embodiment, the first network and the second network are different networks, and where the first network is a fifth generation (5G) network and the second network is a fourth generation (4G) network.

[0054] In another exemplary embodiment, a system for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network to a second network is described. The system includes a unified data management (UDM). The UDM includes a communication unit. The communication unit is configured to receive one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs from an access mobility and management function (AMF), where each request includes information corresponding to at least one public land mobile network (PUMN) associated with each of the one or more UEs, on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF, a processing unit is configured to check whether the at least one PLMN falls in a UE- Usage-Type (UUT) enabled PLMN list, and on detecting the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list, perform the network switching by redirecting a first set of UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network to the second network.

[0055] In an embodiment, the UDM is configured to redirect the first set of UEs from the first network to the second network based on a redirection criteria.

[0056] In an embodiment, to define a redirection criteria, the UDM is configured to generate a redirection value of the one or more UEs. The UDM isconfigured to check whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value. Upon detecting, the UDM determines the first set of UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value, and the UDM redirects the determined first set of UEs from the first network to the second network.

[0057] In an embodiment, on identifying the generated redirection value is less than the preconfigured rejection value, the system includes the UDM is configured to reject the one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs by sending a rejection response to each of the one or more UEs, where the rejection response includes an unknown first network subscription message.

[0058] In an embodiment, the system includes a home subscriber server (HSS) is configured to restrict a handover of the one or more UEs, to which the HSS has enforced a UUT, to the first network by including the one or more UEs in an update location answer (ULA), where the HSS is configured to send an indication to a mobility management entity (MME) to restrict frequent handover of the one or more UEs while a session is established through the second network.

[0059] In an embodiment, the HSS is configured to enforce the UUT for the one or more UEs when a new registration is received from the MME for the handover from the first network to the second network to allow continuation of services through a combination of the first network and the second network.

[0060] In an embodiment, the one or more requests includes a registration request and a handover request.

[0061] In an embodiment, the UDM is configured to control the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN, upon detecting an outage in the first network by at least one of network node and a network service associated with the UDM.

[0062] In an embodiment, the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN is controlled for a predefined UUT time duration.

[0063] In an embodiment, the network node includes at least one HSS, an access and mobility management function (AMF), the MME, and the at least one network monitoring system.

[0064] In an embodiment, the network service associated with the UDM is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system and is further configured to analyse the received network performance data to detect the outage in the first network.

[0065] In an embodiment, upon detecting the outage in the first network, the UDM is configured to automatically update the UUT enabled PEMN list by adding one or more PLMNs associated with the first network.

[0066] In an embodiment, the UDM is configured to control the UUT for a PLMN list, the redirection value and the predefined UUT time duration for the UUT enabled PLMN list through an application programming interface (API) from the network node.

[0067] In an embodiment, the first network and the second network are different networks, where the first network is a fifth generation (5G) network and the second network is a fourth generation (4G) network.

[0068] In another exemplary embodiment, a user equipment (UE) communicatively coupled with a system is described. The coupling includes receiving, by the system, a connection request to connect to a first network from UE. The coupling includes sending, by the system, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE. The coupling includes transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request to perform connection to the first network, where the system is configured to perform network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs)connected with the first network to a second network on detection of an outage in the first network. Upon performing the network switching from the first network to the second network, the coupling includes sending, by the system, a rejection response to the UE, where the rejection response includes an unknown first network subscription message, and where the first network is a fifth generation (5G) network, and the second network is a fourth generation (4G) network, as the method for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network to a second network

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network to a second network is described. The method includes monitoring, by a processing module , a plurality of key performance indicators (KPIs) to detect an outage in the first network after a predefined time and , upon detecting the outage in the first network, by the processing module enabling UE-Usage-Type (UUT) for at least one public land mobile network (PLMN) in a PLMN list corresponding to a unified data management (UDM) through an application programming interface (API), where the UDM is configured to enable a redirection criteria for a predefined UUT time duration for the at least one UUT enabled PLMN.

[0070] In an embodiment, the UDM is configured to perform the network switching from the first network to the second network by redirecting a first set of UEs from one or more UEs corresponding to at least one UUT enabled PLMN based on the redirection criteria.

[0071] In an embodiment, to define a redirection criteria, generating, by the UDM, a redirection value of the one or more UEs. Checking, by the UDM, whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value and upon detecting, determining by the UDM, the first set of UEs from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value.Redirecting, by the UDM, the determined first set of UEs from the first network to the second network.

[0072] In an embodiment, the first network and the second network are different networks, where the first network is a fifth-generation (5G) network, and the second network is a fourth-generation (4G) network.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWING

[0073] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein, and constitute a part of this disclosure, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosed methods and systems in which, like reference numerals, refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings. Components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale emphasis instead being placed upon clearly illustrating the principles of the present disclosure. Some drawings may indicate the components using block diagrams and may not represent the internal circuitry of each component. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that disclosure of such drawings includes disclosure of electrical components, electronic components or circuitry commonly used to implement such components.

[0074] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture for performing a network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network to a second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network architecture of the system for performing a switchover between the first network and the second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0076] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a system configured for performing the network switching of one or more UEs, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0077] FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a method for performing the switchover of the one or more UEs between the first network and the second network based on a defined percentage redirection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of the method for performing the network switching of the plurality of the UEs between the first network and the second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of the method for performing the network switching of the plurality of the UEs between the first network and the second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0080] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a computer system in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.

[0081] The foregoing shall be more apparent from the following more detailed description of the disclosure.LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS100 - Network architecture102-1, 102-2... 102-N - Plurality of Users104-1, 104-2... 104-N - Plurality of User Equipments106 - Network108 - System110-1, 110- 2- Base Station200 - Network architecture200-1- First Network200-2 - Second Network208 - Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF)204 - Session Management Function (SMF)206 - User Plane Function (UPF)208 - Policy Control Function (PCF)210 - Unified Data Manager (UDM) / Home Subscriber Server (HSS)212 - 5G network functions (NFs)214 - Mobility Management Entity (MME)216 - Serving Gateway (SGW)218 - Packet Network Data Gateway (PGW)220 - Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF)222 - Diameter Routing Agent (DRA) / Subscriber Location Function (SLF)224 - Evolved Packet Core (EPC) Nodes226-1, 226-2 - Data Network228 - Home Subscriber Server (HSS)300 - Block Diagram302 - Processor(s)304 - Memory306 - Plurality of Interfaces308 - Processing engine310 - Database312 - Communication unit314 - Processing unit316 - Processing module400 - Flow diagram500 - Method Flow Diagram600 - Computer System610 - External Storage Device620 - Bus620 - Main Memory640 - Read-Only Memory650 - Mass Storage Device660 - Communication Ports670 - ProcessorDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0082] In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, various specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent, however, that embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. Several features described hereafter can each be used independently of one another or with any combination of other features. An individual feature may not address any of the problems discussed above or might address only some of the problems discussedabove. Some of the problems discussed above might not be fully addressed by any of the features described herein. Example embodiments of the present disclosure are described below, as illustrated in various drawings in which like reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the different drawings.

[0083] The ensuing description provides exemplary embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the exemplary embodiments will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing an exemplary embodiment. It should be understood that various changes may be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as set forth.

[0084] Specific details are given in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by one of the ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.

[0085] Also, it is noted that individual embodiments may be described as a process that is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a flowchart may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed but could have additional steps not included in a figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination can correspond to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.

[0086] The word “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. For the avoidance of doubt, the subject matter disclosed herein is not limited by such examples. In addition, any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” and / or “demonstrative” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs, nor is it meant to preclude equivalent exemplary structures and techniques known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “has,” “contains,” and other similar words are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive like the term “comprising” as an open transition word without precluding any additional or other elements.

[0087] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” or “an instance” or “one instance” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0088] The terminology used herein is to describe particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be noted that the terms “mobile device”, “user equipment”, “user device”, “communication device”, “device” and similar terms are used interchangeably for the purpose of describing theinvention. These terms are not intended to limit the scope of the invention or imply any specific functionality or limitations on the described embodiments. The use of these terms is solely for convenience and clarity of description. The invention is not limited to any particular type of device or equipment, and it should be understood that other equivalent terms or variations thereof may be used interchangeably without departing from the scope of the invention as defined herein.

[0089] Further, the user device may also comprise a “processor” or “processing unit” includes processing unit, wherein processor refers to any logic circuitry for processing instructions. The processor may be a general-purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in association with a digital signal processing (DSP) core, a controller, a microcontroller, Application Specific Integrated Circuits, Field Programmable Gate Array circuits, any other type of integrated circuits, etc. The processor may perform signal coding data processing, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the working of the system according to the present disclosure. More specifically, the processor is a hardware processor.

[0090] As portable electronic devices and wireless technologies continue to improve and grow in popularity, the advancing of wireless technologies for data transfer are also expected to evolve and replace the older generations of technologies. In the field of wireless data communications, the dynamic advancement of various generations of cellular technology are also seen. The development, in this respect, has been incremental in the order of second generation (2G), third generation (2G), fourth generation (4G), and now fifth generation (5G), and more such generations are expected to continue in the forthcoming time.

[0091] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the components and component parts of the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and otherchanges in the preferred embodiment as well as other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0092] The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for network switching of a user equipment (UE) or a user equipments (UEs) from a first network to a second network. As an example, the 4G and the 5G networks exist in tandem. The 5G core is a combo-core that serves migrated customers from the 4G network when the customers are in the 5G or the 4G coverage alike. A seamless, efficient, and transparent approach to switching between the UEs networks. The changeover happens without impact the provisioning architecture of network entities or nodes. The subscriber profiles are not duplicated.

[0093] In an embodiment, the UE usage type (UUT), stored in a home subscriber server (HSS), may be used by a serving network, for example, a mobility management entity (MME) to select a core network that should serve the UE. The HSS provides the UUT value in a subscription information of the UE to the MME. Based on UUT to network mapping, the MME selects one of the multiple core networks deployed. The UUT to network mapping is referred to by the MME while selecting the core network for the UE.

[0094] Currently, when an outage is observed in the 5G core network, operations team may enable the UUT feature on a list of a public land mobile network (PLMN). All the 5G subscribers of this list may then switch from the 5G core network to the 4G core network. The 5G network, which is currently facing outages due to cyclic increases in signaling traffic, may be stabilized if a small percentage of users is switched from the 5G core network to the 4G core network.

[0095] The present disclosure aims to overcome the above-mentioned and other existing problems in this field of technology by providing a system and a method for performing network switching of one or more UEs for a defined percentage-redirection of UEs and the UUT-duration. If the one or more UEs performing registration with the 5G network and the UUT-redirection is enabled in the PLMN(s) due to any outage / issue in the 5G network, then the defined percentage of the UEs may be redirected to the 4G network. The defined percentage of the UEs indicates the UEs that need to be redirected to be served through the 4G core in case the UUT-redirection is enforced. The UUT-duration indicates the duration for which the UUT-redirection is enabled. After the expiry of the UUT-duration, the UUT-redirection is implicitly disabled.

[0096] Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings FIG. 1- FIG. 7.

[0097] FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary network architecture 100 for implementing a system 108 for performing network switching of one or more UEs connected with a first network to a second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the network architecture 100 may include one or more computing devices or UEs 104-1, 104-2... 104-N associated with one or more users 104-1, 104-2... 104-N in an environment. A person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more users 104-1, 104-2... 104-N may be individually referred to as the user 104 and collectively referred to as the users 104. Similarly, a person of ordinary skill in the art will understand that one or more UEs 104-1, 104-2... 104-N may be individually referred to as the UE 104 and collectively referred to as the UEs 104. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the terms “computing device(s)” and “UE” may be used interchangeably throughout the disclosure. Although three UEs 104 are depicted in FIG. 1. However, any number of the UEs 104 may be included without departing from the scope of the ongoing description.

[0098] In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include smart devices operating in a smart environment, for example, an Internet of Things (loT) system. In such an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, smartphones, smartwatches, smart sensors (e.g., a mechanical sensor, a thermal sensor, an electrical sensor, a magnetic sensor, etc.), networked appliances, networked peripheral devices, networked lighting system, communication devices, networked vehicle accessories, networked vehicular devices, smart accessories, tablets, smart televisions (TVs), computers, smart security systems, smart home systems, other devices for monitoring or interacting with or for the user 104 and / or entities, or any combination thereof. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, intelligent, multi-sensing, network-connected devices, that can integrate seamlessly with each other and / or with a central server or a cloud-computing system or any other device that is network-connected.

[0099] In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, a handheld wireless communication device (e.g., a mobile phone, a smart phone, a phablet device, and so on), a wearable computer device (e.g., a head-mounted display computer device, a head-mounted camera device, a wristwatch computer device, and so on), a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, or another type of portable computer, a media playing device, a portable gaming system, and / or any other type of computer device with wireless communication capabilities, and the like. In an embodiment, the UE 104 may include, but is not limited to, any electrical, electronic, electro-mechanical, or an equipment, or a combination of one or more of the above devices such as virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, a laptop, a general-purpose computer, a desktop, a personal digital assistant, a tablet computer, a mainframe computer, or any other computing device. Further, the UE 104 may include one or more in-built or externally coupled accessories including, but not limited to, a visual aid device such as a camera, an audio aid, a microphone, a keyboard, and input devices for receiving input from the user 104 or an entity such as a touch pad, a touch enabled screen, an electronic pen, and the like. A person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the UE 104 may not be restricted to the mentioned devices and various other devices may be used.

[0100] In FIG. 1 , the UE 104 may communicate with the system 108 through the network 106. In particular, the UE 104 may be communicatively coupled with the network 106. The coupling includes steps of receiving, by network 106, a connection request from the UE 104. Upon receiving the connection request, the coupling includes steps of sending, by the network 106, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE 104. Further, the coupling includes steps of transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request.

[0101] In an embodiment, the network 106 may include at least one of the 4G network, the 5G network, the 6G network, or the like. The network 106 may include base station 110-1 and 110-2. The network 106 may enable the UE 104 to communicate with other devices in the network architecture 100 and / or with the system 108. The network 106 may include a wireless card or some other transceiver connection to facilitate this communication. In another embodiment, the network 106 may be implemented as, or include any of a variety of different communication technologies such as a wide area network (WAN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless network, a mobile network, a Virtual Private Network (VPN), an internet, an intranet, a public network, a private network, a packet-switched network, a circuit- switched network, an ad hoc network, an infrastructure network, a Public-Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a cable network, a cellular network, a satellite network, a fiber optic network, or some combination thereof. In another embodiment, the network 106 includes, by way of example but not limitation, at least a portion of one or more networks having one or more nodes that transmit, receive, forward, generate, buffer, store, route, switch, process, or a combination thereof, etc. one or more messages, packets, signals, waves, voltage or current levels, some combination thereof, or so forth.

[0102] In another exemplary embodiment, the network architecture 100 may include a centralized server (not shown) may include or comprise, by way of example but not limitation, one or more of a stand-alone server, a server blade, a server rack, a bank of servers, a server farm, a hardware supporting a part of a cloud service or a system, a home server, a hardware running a virtualized server, one or more processorsexecuting code to function as a server, one or more machines performing server-side functionality as described herein, at least a portion of any of the above, some combination thereof.

[0103] In an embodiment, the UE 104 establishes a communicative coupling with a network system. The UE 104 sends a connection request to join the first network, the 5G network. In response, the system 108 acknowledges the request, indicating readiness to establish the connection. Subsequently, the system 108 transmits multiple signals necessary for the connection to the 5G network. However, the system 108 may be designed to handle network disruptions. May be when an outage is detected in the first network, it can switch the UE 104 to a second network, such as the 4G network, ensuring continuity of service. Following the switch, the system sends a rejection response to the UE 104, which includes an "unknown first network subscription" message, clarifying that the UE 104 no longer has access to the 5G network due to the switch. The system 108 is configured to perform network switching of one or more UEs 104 connected with a first network to a second network as explained in detail in FIG. 3

[0104] Although FIG. 1 shows exemplary components of the network architecture 100, in other embodiments, the network architecture 100 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture 100 may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture 100.

[0105] FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary network architecture 200 of a system for switching the one or more UE 104 from a first network 200-1 to a second network 200- 2 on detection of an outage in the first network 200-1, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. In an aspect, the first network 200-1 is a 5Gnetwork or a combination of 4G and 5G cellular networks. In another example, the second network is a 4G network.

[0106] Referring to FIG. 2, the network architecture 200 includes the UE 104, a first network entity 200-1, and a second network entity 200-2. In an embodiment, the first network entity 110-1 may correspond to the gNodeB 110-1 in a 5G core network 200-1 (first network). In an embodiment, the second network entity 110-2 may correspond to the eNodeB 110-2 in a 4G core network 200-2 (second network). Although, the 5G core network and 4G core networks are defined, one can appreciate that the disclosure can be applied on advanced generation networks such as 6G core network, 5G core network and 4G core networks can be used, and also on lower generation networks such as 2G core network and 2G core network. In an embodiment, the first network entity 200-1 and the second network entity 200-2 may be configured to provide a cellular network to the UE 104 present in a cellular coverage range of either of the first network entity 200- 1 or the second network entity 110-2 and thereby, the UE 104 avails voice and data services using the cellular network.

[0107] Further, the first network 200-1 includes various components such as an access and the Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 202, a session management function (SMF) / gateway- control plane (GW-C) 204, the User Plane Function (UPF) / gateway-user plane (GW-U) 206, a policy control function (PCF) 208, a unified data manager (UDM) / HSS 210, and other 5G network functions (NFs) 212. The first network 200-1 corresponds to the first network of FIG. 2. The AMF 202 corresponds to the AMF in FIG. 2. In an aspect, the AMF 202 is a critical component in core networks, responsible for managing user access and mobility. The AMF 202 handles authentication, session management, mobility management, and ensures seamless connectivity and efficient network utilization. In one aspect, the SMF 204 is responsible for managing user data sessions from initiation to termination. The SMF 204 oversees session establishment, modification, and termination, enforces QoS and policies, and interacts with other network functions to ensure efficient data handling and a high-quality user experience. In an aspect, the GW-C 204 manages signaling,1 session setup, and mobility) and gateway functions (which handle data forwarding and routing). The GW-C 204 coordinates between components such as the AMF 202, the SMF 204, and the UPF 206 to ensure efficient management of both the control and data planes.

[0108] In an embodiment, the UPF 206 handles the actual data traffic between UE 104 and external networks. The UPF 206 manages data forwarding, bearer creation, QoS enforcement, and traffic steering. By interacting with other network functions like the SMF 204 and the AMF 202, the UPF 206 ensures efficient data transport and high- quality service for end-users. In an aspect, the GW-U 206 refers to the user plane functions of the gateway architecture. The GW-U 206 is responsible for handling the actual user data traffic, as opposed to the control plane, which manages signaling and network control. In one aspect, the PCF 208 is responsible for managing and enforcing policies related to network usage, quality of service (QoS), and other operational aspects. In an aspect, the UDM 210 function helps in managing user- related data, including subscription details and user profiles, across the network. In an aspect, the HSS 210 is responsible for managing subscriber information, including authentication, authorization, and accounting data.

[0109] Furthermore, the second network 200-2 may include a mobility MME 214, a serving gateway SGW 216, a packet network data gateway (PGW) 218, a policy and charging rules function (PCRF) 220, a Diameter routing agent (DRA) / subscriber location function (SLF) 222, the HSS 228, and other evolved packet core (EPC) nodes 224. The second network 200-2 corresponds to the second network of FIG. 2. The SGW 216 handles the user data traffic but is not responsible for the signaling data used. It transports internet protocol (IP) data from UEs 104 to the LTE network. The SGW 216 also routes incoming and outgoing IP packets and serves as an anchor for the UE 104 when it moves from one eNodeB 110-2 to another. The PGW 218 is the network node that connects the other EPC nodes 224, to external IP networks through the PCRF 220. The PCRF 220 is responsible for defining and managing policies for user services, including Quality of Service (QoS) and charging rules. The PGW 218 routes packetsto and from external IP networks. The PGW 218 also allocates an IP address to all the UEs 104 and enforces different policies regarding IP user traffic, such as packet filtering. As depicted in FIG. 2, the components (network functions) of the first network 200-1 may be communicatively coupled over a data network 226-1. Similarly, the other EPC nodes 224 of the 4G core network 200-2 may be communicatively coupled over a data network 226-2.

[0110] The HSS 228 is a database that stores and manages the subscriber profiles and service data. The HSS 228 corresponds to HSS of FIG. 2. The HSS 228 contains information such as the subscriber's identity, authentication parameters, service preferences, location, and contact details. The HSS 228 also assigns an IP Multimedia Private Identity (IMPI) and one or more IP Multimedia Public Identities (IMPUs) to each subscriber, which may be used for registration and authentication purposes.

[0111] The MME 214 is configured to manage the mobility of UEs 104 within the network. The MME 214 corresponds to the MME 214 of FIG. 2. By managing the movement of UEs 104, the MME 214 ensures that they remain connected to the network and can continue to communicate seamlessly and without interruption.

[0112] The DRA / SLF 222 may regulate network 106 connections for the UE 104 by determining whether it should use the 4G or the 4G / 5G network. When the MME 214 ends an authentication request, the DRA / SLF 222 directs it to the appropriate UDM / HSS 210 depending on the UE 104 network capability, facilitating secure communication. The DRA / SLF 222 manages location updates. During the random access procedure for the UE 104, the MME 214 issues an updated location request to the DRA / SLF 222. The request is forwarded to EPC nodes 224 and the UDM / HSS 210, where the HSS 228 checks the "PLMN-ID" AVP. The HSS 228 may override the UUT from the 5G to the 4G and sends back the configuration through the EPC nodes 224 to the DRA / SLF 222 and the MME 214.

[0113] As depicted in FIG. 2, the network architecture 200 may be employed at edge locations, a circle level, and a super core level. The UE 104 is in the coverage area of the 5G network, and therefore, attached to the 5G network 200-1. In an aspect, the circle level in network refers to specific operational or functional areas within the network's architecture. Coverage areas may be represented as circles on network maps. Each circle is represented by a PLMN identifier (ID) and corresponds to the area covered by one or more base stations. In an aspect, the edge locations refer to areas situated at or near the periphery of the network. These locations may be strategically placed closer to the end-users or devices to optimize various aspects of network performance, such as, but not limited to, gNodeB 110-1. In an aspect, the super core level represents an advanced and centralized level of the network infrastructure. The super core level handles extensive data processing, high-capacity traffic management, and provides robust and scalable network services. In an embodiment, where any outage occurs in the 5G network, then the one or more UEs 104 may latch to the 4G network 200-2. In an embodiment, services to the UEs 104 may be served by the 4G core network 200-2 based on a UUT. In an embodiment, the UUT is maintained / stored by the HSS 228. In an example, the UUT further includes an updated location value of the one or more the UEs 104.

[0114] Referring to FIG. 2, in an embodiment, the HSS 210 and / or the HSS 228 may be queried by the MME 214 to decide whether the UE 104 is required to connect with the 4G core network 200-2. The HSS 210 and / or the HSS 228 determine the UUT value and return this information to the MME 214.

[0115] In such an embodiment, if any issue is anticipated in the 5G core network, then the HSS 228 is configured to return 4G as the UUT to the MME 214. Therefore, the MME 214 is always configured to select the 4G core network 200-2 and the UE 104 may latch on to the 4G core network 200-2. When the issue is resolved in the 5G core network, the one or more UEs 104 may be configured to transfer back to the 5G core network. Therefore, the one or more UEs 104 is configured to move back to the 5G core network.

[0116] In an aspect, the MME 214 is configured to send a query to the HSS 228 for the UUT of one or more UEs 104. The HSS 228 is configured to generate the UUT corresponding to the one or more UEs 104. The UUT may refer to a defined aspect or attribute related to the UE 104 and its usage type within a telecommunication network. In some implementations, the UUT parameter may refer to the generation of cellular network (the 4G, the 5G, etc.) that the UE 104 is using or capable of connecting with. In an example, the HSS 228 is configured to store the UUT values of the UEs 104 connected to the network entity. The MME 214 receives the UUT value in subscription information of the UE 104 provided by the HSS 228. The MME 214 is further configured to determine a type of the one or more UEs 104 based on the received UUT value and switch the one or more UEs 104 to the second network based on the determined type of the one or more UEs 104. The MME 214 is configured to select the GW-C 204 or the GW-U 206 if the determined type of the one or more UEs 104 is 4G. The MME 214 is configured to select the SMF 204 or the UPF 206 if the determined type of the one or more UEs 104 is migrated to the 4G / 5G. The MME 214 is configured to map the UUT value with a set of predefined UUT values stored corresponding to a number of gateway planes connected with the first network 200-1 and the second network 200-2. In an example, the number of gateway planes includes the GW-C 204, a fully qualified domain name (FQDN), the GW-U 206, the SMF 204 or the UPF 206.

[0117] In an aspect, if the received UUT value corresponds to ‘no network’ and is mapped with UUT values from the set of predefined UUT values stored, the MME 214 is configured to select at least one of the GW-C 204, the fully qualified domain name (FQDN), and GW-U 206 connected with the second network 200-2.

[0118] In an aspect, if the received UUT value corresponds to 5G and mapped with the UUT values from the set of UUT values stored, the MME 214 is configured to select at least one of the GW-C 204 and the SMF 204 connected with the first network 200-1.

[0119] In an aspect, the network architecture 200 is configured to detect the outage based on a number of parameters. The outage includes an unexpected hardware or software outage of at least one serving cell in the first network 200-1. In an aspect, the hardware outages or software outages occur when components like servers, storage devices, or networking equipment fail or experience disruptions. Factors contributing to the hardware outages include component failure, power issues, overheating, natural disasters, human error, and software bugs. In an example, the number of parameters includes a reference signal received power (RSRP), a reference signal received quality (RSRQ), a received signal strength indicator (RS SI), and a signal-to-interference-plus- noise ratio (SINR). The RSRP is a parameter used in wireless communication systems to measure the quality of a received signal. The RSRP represents the power of a reference signal received by a receiver (UE), normalized to the power of a transmitted signal. The higher RSRP indicates a stronger signal, while a lower RSRP indicates a weaker signal. RSRP is commonly used to evaluate the quality of a received signal and estimate the amount of data that can be transmitted without errors. The UE 104 usually measures the RSRP or the RSRQ based on the direction (RRC message) from the network and reports the value. RS SI indicates the strength of the signal received by the UE 104. The RSSI considers not only the useful signal of a cell, but also all the secondary signals in the measured frequency range. For example, the RSSI value includes the signal of neighboring base stations, internal and external interference, and noise. The SINR measures signal quality by comparing the strength of a required signal compared to the unnecessary interference and noise. Mobile network operators seek to maximize the SINR at all sites to deliver the best possible customer experience, either by transmitting at a higher power, or by minimizing the interference and noise.

[0120] In some aspects, the UUT may include a UUT percentage-redirection and UUT-Duration. In an aspect, in the percentage-redirection, the UUT percentageredirection may indicate a percentage of one or more the UE 104 attempts that need to be redirected to be served through the 4G core network when the UUT is enforced / enabled. The value of the percentage-redirection parameter may be in therange of 1% to 100%. A UECM micro-service of the UDM may process the UUT percentage-redirection. The UECM microservice of the UDM rejects 5G register attempts for the defined percentage of attempts while accepting the remaining.

[0121] In an aspect, the UUT-Duration (for example, in minutes) may indicate the duration post which the UUT enforcement / override may be implicitly disabled. The UUT-duration is optional, and, in its absence, the operator may need to disable UUT override explicitly.

[0122] In an aspect, the system is configured to detect the outage on edge location level, a circle level, and a super core level. In an example, if the outage is detected in a circle level node(s), then the HSS 228 is configured to set the UUT value as the 4G for the defined percentage-redirection of the UE 104 latched to the circle level node(s). In an example, the circle level node(s) includes the PLMN. The HSS 210 / 228 is configured to update / set AVP (having UUT as attributes and values as network (the 4G or the 5G) for many operations, including adjusting server parameters, adjusting options, and configuring and tuning an instance (outage detection on circle level). When the HSS 210 / 228 sets, removes, or modifies a flag (for example, circlewise global flag) for the outage detection. Then, the flag value may persist for the instance until the HSS 210 / 228 removes it. In an aspect, if any issue is anticipated in the 5G core network, then the HSS 210 always returns 4G as the UUT value to the MME 214. Therefore, the MME 214 always selects the 4G core network 200-2 and the defined percentage of the one or more UEs 104 will be latched on to the 4G core network 200-2. Further, on resolving the outage in the circle level node(s), thereby the HSS 228 is configured to enable transfer of the UEs 104 to the 5G core network in the circle level node(s).

[0123] In an aspect, on receiving a registration request from the AMF 202, the UECM of the UDM may check if the PLMN in which subscriber / UE 104 is attaching falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list. Then, the UECM generates a random number and, after taking modulo 100, checks if the value is less than a configured rejectionpercentage. The UECM may reject the registration request with cause code: “unknown 5g subscription”. The UEs may perform the 4G attach attempts when the 5G register attempts may be rejected.

[0124] In an aspect, the HSS 228 may enforce the UUT only for fresh attempts by the UE (i.e., subscribers) on 4G i.e. when initial registration indication is received from the MME 214 while allowing for the 5G network to the 4G network handover cases. As the subscribers may be served through the combo core, the subscribers may continue to be served through combo core.

[0125] For the one or more UEs 104 to which the HSS 228 enforces the UUT, the HSS 228 may also indicate to the MME 214 to restrict handover to a new radio for the one or more UE 104, by sending NR to be restricted in an access restriction list in update location answer (ULA). This may prevent frequent (the 4G to the 5G) handover attempts by the one or more UEs 104 while the corresponding Protocol data unit (PDU) session is established through the 4G core. Registration on the 5G may be attempted only during an idle mode handover. Idle Mode handover refers to a process of transitioning a mobile device from one cell to another while it is in idle mode.

[0126] In an aspect, subsequently the 5G registrations may also be successful if the user manually attempts actions (e.g., airplane mode on / off, power off / on, manual re-selection of 5G network). In the absence of the optional parameter, 100% of 5G register attempts may be rejected with cause “No 5G subscription”.

[0127] In an aspect, the application programming interface (API) may also be exposed to a network key performance indicator (KPI) monitoring system. On observing any major deviation in the KPIs, the network KPI monitoring system may initiate to automatically enable the UUT for the affected PLMNs, with the defined percentage and the duration. The KPIs may include, but are not limited to, network throughput, latency, uplink and downlink user data rate, QoS, packet loss, etc. In an aspect, the super core level includes at least one data center. The system is configured to detect the hardware and software outages in the data center.

[0128] In an example, if the outage is detected in super core level node(s), the HSS 228 is configured to enable a global flag and sets the UUT value as 4G for the UEs 104 latched to the super core level node(s). The HSS 210 / 228 is configured to update / set flags for the table (having UUT as attributes and value as network (4G or 5G) for many operations, including adjusting server parameters, adjusting options, and configuring and tuning an instance (outage detection). When the HSS 210 / 228 sets, removes, or modifies a flag (for example, global flag) for the outage detection, the table might be restarted. The flag value is then persisted for the instance until the HSS 228 removes it. The UUT value indicates the usage characteristics of the UE 104 that enables the selection of a core network. The global flag may set a value of the UUT as 4G for all subscribers such as the UE 104 latched in that particular circle as well as for subscribers belonging to circles parented by the impacted super core location. For example, if UPF 206 of location 1 is not serviceable and PCF 208 of location 2 is also unavailable, the HSS 228 is configured to set the value of the UUT as 4G for all subscribers latched in the location 1 , which is configured to also include subscribers of other circles roaming in the location 1, and for all subscribers with home PLMN belonging to the location 2 as well as circles parented to the location 2. In this scenario, the value of the UUT is returned to the impacted circle’s the MME 214, in this example, to the MME 214 of location 1. Hence, subscribers latched in location 1 are served in 4G core network. Further, the HSS 228 returns the value of the UUT to the MME 214 affected because of the PCF 208 at location 2 not being serviceable.

[0129] The HSS 210 / 228 is configured to disable the global flag on resolving the outage in the super core level node(s), thereby enabling transfer of the at least one UE 104 to the super core level node(s). In an embodiment, on restoration of the impacted super core level nodes, i.e. the PCF 208, global flag (settings) of the HSS 210 again overwrite the value of the UUT and return the value of the UUT as 5G to the affected MME 214. For all impacted 5G subscribers, the affected MME 214 gradually selects the 5G core network (i.e. 200-1) for new attach requests coming from the UE 104 over the 4G radio.

[0130] Although FIG. 2 shows exemplary components of the network architecture 200, in other embodiments, the network architecture 200 may include fewer components, different components, differently arranged components, or additional functional components than depicted in FIG. 2. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more components of the network architecture 200, may perform functions described as being performed by one or more other components of the network architecture 200.

[0131] FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram 300 of the system 108 configured for performing the network switching of one or more UEs 104 connected with the first network to the second network, in accordance with an embodiment of the disclosure. FIG. 3 is explained in conjunction with FIG. 1. In an embodiment, the network may be, for example, the 4G network, the 5G network, the 6G network, and the like.

[0132] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include one or more processor(s) 302. The system 108 corresponds to the UDM / HSS 310. The one or more processor(s) 302 may be implemented as one or more microprocessors, microcomputers, microcontrollers, digital signal processors, central processing units, logic circuitries, and / or any devices that process data based on operational instructions. Among other capabilities, the one or more processor(s) 302 may be configured to fetch and execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory 304 of the system 108. The memory 304 may be configured to store one or more computer-readable instructions or routines in a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, which may be fetched and executed to create or share data packets over a network service. The memory 304 may include any non-transitory storage device including, for example, volatile memory such as a Random-Access Memory (RAM), or a nonvolatile memory such as an Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EPROM), a flash memory, and the like.

[0133] In an embodiment, the system 108 may include an interface(s) 306. The interface(s) 306 may include a variety of interfaces, for example, interfaces for data input and output devices (I / O), storage devices, and the like. The interface(s) 306 may facilitate communication through the system 108. The interface(s) 306 may also provide a communication pathway for one or more components of the system 108. Examples of such components include, but are not limited to, a processing engine 308 and a database 310. The processing engine 308 further includes a communication unit 312 and a processing unit 314. In an embodiment, the communication unit 312, and the processing unit 314 may be in communication with each other.

[0134] In an embodiment, the processing engine 308 including the communication unit 312 the processing unit 314 and a processing module 316, may be implemented within one or more UEs 104 from the AMF 202. In other words, the system 108 may be implemented with each of the one or more UEs 104 from the AMF 202. In another embodiment, the processing engine 308 including the communication unit 312, the processing unit 314 and the processing module 316, may be in communication with each of the one or more UEs 104 from the AMF 202 within the network.

[0135] The system 108 may be associated with or part of the UDM 210. In order to perform network switching of one or more UE 104, initially, the communication unit 312 is configured to receive one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs 104 from the AMF 202, where each request includes information corresponding to at least one PLMN associated with each of the one or more UEs 104. In an embodiment, the communication unit 312 is a component of the UDM 210 system, designed to manage network switching operations. Some responsibilities of the communication unit 312 are to receive requests from the UEs 104 through the AMF 202. The requests include information about PLMN associated with each of the UE 104. The PLMN is used in determining network switching eligibility. Upon receiving the UE 104 requests, the communication unit 312 ensures accurate transmission of information to the processing unit 314 within the UDM 210.The process is used for the subsequent analysis and decision-making concerning the transition of the UEs 104 from the first network to the second network. Additionally, the communication unit 312 serves as an intermediary between the AMF 202 and the UDM 210, facilitating seamless data flow and communication.

[0136] For example, where a mobile device operating the UE 104 is connected to the 5G network but needs to switch to the 4G network due to congestion or service optimization. The communication unit 312 within the UDM 210 system plays an important role in facilitating this switch. When the need for network switching arises, the UE 104 sends a request through the AMF 202. The request includes information about the PLMN associated with the UE 104. Upon receiving the request, the communication unit 312 processes the information and relays it to the processing unit 314 within the UDM 210. The processing unit 314 evaluates whether the current PLMN may be on the list of the PLMNs that may be enabled for the UUT switching. If the PLMN is eligible, the processing unit 314 initiates the switching process based on predefined criteria, such as network load and the UE 104 priority. Throughout the process, the communication unit 312 acts as an intermediary, ensuring that all necessary data may be accurately conveyed between the AMF 202, the UDM 210, and the UE 104, thus enabling a seamless transition from the 5G network to the more optimal 4G network.

[0137] In response to communication performed by the communication unit 312, the processing unit 314 is configured to check whether the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list. The processing unit 314 may be configured to on detecting the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list, perform the network switching by redirecting a first set of UEs 104 from the one or more UEs 104 corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network to the second network. The processing unit 314 is an essential component for the UDM 210 system, responsible for determining and executing network switching for the UE 104 based on specific criteria. The processing unit 314 primary function is to verify whether thePLMN associated with a UE 104 is on a predefined list of PLMNs enabled for the UUT.

[0138] For example, where several of the UEs 104 are currently connected to the 5G network. The network has an active UUT-enabled PLMN list, which prioritizes switching some UEs 104 to the 4G network under specific conditions, such as congestion in the 5G network or improved service availability in the 4G network. The processing unit 314 receives a request from the UE 104, checks the associated PLMN, and determines whether it is on the UUT-enabled list. If the PLMN is present on this list, the processing unit 314 identifies a subset of UE 104s here termed as the first set of the UEs 104 eligible for switching based on criteria like their usage type and current network load. Upon confirmation, the processing unit 314 executes the network switching, redirecting the UEs 104 from the 5G network to the 4G network. The redirection supports the UEs 104 to maintain robust network connectivity and optimal performance. For example, if the 5G network is experiencing high data traffic, offloading some UEs 104 to the 4G network can help balance the load and enhance service reliability. The process exemplifies the role of the processing unit 314 in dynamically managing network resources to provide a seamless user experience and efficient network operation.

[0139] In an embodiment, the system 108 includes the UDM 210 is configured to redirect the first set of UEs 104 from the first network to the second network based on a redirection criteria. The system 108 includes the UDM 210 component configured to redirect a first set of the UEs 104 from the first network to the second network. The redirection may be based on specific redirection criteria.. The UDM 210 role is likely to assess these criteria and dynamically manage the connectivity of the UEs 104 to optimize network performance and user experience.

[0140] In an embodiment, the system 108 includes the redirection criteria. The UDM 210 is configured to generate a redirection value of the one or more UEs 104. The system 108 check whether the generated redirection value is less than apreconfigured rejection value. The system 108 upon detecting, determines the first set of UEs 104 from the one or more UEs 104 corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value. The system 108 redirect the determined first set of UEs 104s from the first network to the second network. The system involves 108 redirecting the first set of UEs 104s from one network to another, managed by the UDM 210 component. The UDM 210 generates a redirection value for each of the UEs 104, possibly based on factors like network load or the UE 104 priority. The value is compared with a preconfigured rejection threshold. If the redirection value is lower than the rejection value, it indicates that redirection could be beneficial. The UDM 210 then identifies a subset of the UEs 104, associated with at least one the PLMN, that meets the criteria for redirection. The UEs 104 may be then redirected from their current network (first network) to an alternative network (second network), potentially for network performance optimization or improved service delivery. The approach helps in optimizing resource allocation and enhancing network efficiency.

[0141] In one aspect of the present disclosure, on identifying the generated redirection value is less than the preconfigured rejection value, the UDM 210 is configured to reject the one or more requests received from each of the one or more the UEs 104 by sending a rejection response to each of the one or more the UEs 104, where the rejection response comprises an unknown first network subscription message.

[0142] In an embodiment, the HSS 210 is configured to restrict a handover of the one or more UEs 104, to which the HSS 210 has enforced a UUT, to the first network by including the one or more UEs 104 in an update location answer (ULA), where the HSS 210 is configured to send an indication to the MME 214 to restrict frequent handover of the one or more UEs 104 while a session is established through the second network. The system 108 described involves the HSS and its role in managing handovers for the UE 104. The HSS 210 is tasked with restricting the handover of the UEs 104, which have undergone the UUT, to the first network. The restriction is applied by the UEs 104 in the ULA. Furthermore, the HSS sends an indication to the MME 214 to limit the frequency of handovers for the UEs 104 whilea session is active through the second network. The setup is likely intended to stabilize connections and optimize network resources by preventing unnecessary or frequent handovers between networks.

[0143] The aspect of the present disclosure includes the HSS 210 which is configured to enforce the UUT for the one or more UEs 104 when a new registration is received from the MME 214 for the handover from the first network to the second network to allow continuation of services through a combination of the first network and the second network.

[0144] In the system 108, the HSS is utilized in managing network transitions for the UE 104. When the MME 214 submits a new registration request for a handover from the first network to the second network, the HSS 210 enforces an UUT for the involved the UEs 104. The enforcement enables the continuation of services for the UEs 104 across both networks. Essentially, the HSS 210 facilitates seamless service delivery by allowing a combination of the first and the second networks, ensuring that users experience uninterrupted connectivity and service availability during and after the handover process.

[0145] In an embodiment, the system 108 includes the one or more requests comprise a registration request and a handover request.

[0146] The requests made, which could be one or multiple, include a registration request and a handover request. Where a registration request might involve a device connecting to a network, and a handover request pertains to the transfer of an ongoing connection from one cell or base station to another, ensuring seamless connectivity. The system 108 includes one or more requests that include both a registration request and a handover request. In communications, the registration request is usually for a device to register with a network, while the handover request pertains to the transfer of an active connection between different network segments or cells.

[0147] In present disclosure, the system 108 includes the UDM 210 which is configured to control the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN, upon detecting an outage in the first network by at least one of network node and a network service associated with the UDM 210. The system 108 includes a mechanism by which the UDM 210 component helps maintain network continuity. Operating within a telecommunication network architecture that includes various the PUMNs, the UDM 210 manages user data and subscription profiles. The system 108 ensures resilience by detecting outages in the primary network, utilizing either network nodes or network services to identify disruptions. When an outage is detected, the UDM 210 controls the redirection values associated with the PUMN, steering user connections to operational parts of the network. The redirection capability minimizes service disruptions, maintaining service reliability and an optimal user experience even amidst network failures.

[0148] In an embodiment, the system 108 includes the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PUMN is controlled for the predefined UUT time duration. The redirection value associated with at least one the PUMN is managed for a predefined the UUT time duration. This implies a control mechanism is in place to adjust the redirection value based on a set time period to perhaps optimize network performance or manage traffic loads efficiently.

[0149] In an embodiment, the system 108 includes the network node. The network node comprises at least one of the HSS, the AMF 202, the MME 214, and the at least one network monitoring system. The HSS was configured to store and manage subscription data and facilitate authentication and authorization processes. The AMF 202 may be responsible for managing signaling, access control, and mobility events in 5G networks. The MME 214 may be designed to control signaling for LTE networks, manage bearer activation and deactivation, and handle mobility functions such as handovers and tracking area updates. The network monitoring system configured to oversee, analyze, and ensure the performance and security of the network by providingreal-time insights into network traffic and potential issues, enabling proactive management and optimization of network operations.

[0150] In the present disclosure, the system 108 includes the network service associated with the UDM 210. The UDM 210 is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system and is further configured to analyse the received network performance data to detect the outage in the first network. In an example, the processing module 316 is configured to monitor a plurality of KPIs to detect an outage in the network 200 after a predefined time. Responsive to detecting the outage, the processing module 316 is configured to enable a UUT for at least PLMN in the PLMN list corresponding to the UDM 210 through an API.

[0151] In the system 108, when an outage is detected in a primary network, the UDM 210 component is configured to automatically update the UUT enabled the PUMN list by incorporating the one or more PUMNs associated with the affected network. The proactive update ensures seamless service continuity by redirecting users to alternative networks. Additionally, the UDM 210 is capable of controlling various aspects of the UUT through an application programming interface (API) from a network node. This control includes managing the PUMN list, adjusting the redirection value, and setting a predefined time duration for the UUT-enabled PUMN list. The capabilities enable the system 108 to dynamically respond to network conditions and optimize resource management for enhanced network reliability and user experience.

[0152] The system 108 includes redirecting the UE 104 from one network to another, managed by the UDM 210 component. The UDM 210 generates a redirection value for each UE 104, possibly based on factors like network load or the UE 104 priority. The redirection value is compared with a preconfigured rejection threshold. If the redirection value is lower than the rejection value, it indicates that redirection could be beneficial. The UDM 210 then identifies a subset of the UEs 104, associated with at least one PLMN, that meet the criteria for redirection. The UEs 104 may be thenredirected from their current network (first network) to an alternative network (second network), potentially for network performance optimization or improved service delivery.

[0153] In an embodiment, the processing engine 308 may be implemented as a combination of hardware and programming (for example, programmable instructions) to implement one or more functionalities of the processing engine 308. In the examples described herein, such combinations of hardware and programming may be implemented in several different ways. For example, the programming for the processing engine 308 may be processor-executable instructions stored on a non- transitory machine-readable storage medium and the hardware for the processing engine 308 may comprise a processing resource (for example, one or more processors), to execute such instructions. In the present examples, the machine-readable storage medium may store instructions that, when executed by the processing resource, implement the processing engine 308. In such examples, the system 108 may comprise the machine-readable storage medium storing the instructions and the processing resource to execute the instructions, or the machine-readable storage medium may be separate but accessible to the system 108 and the processing resource. In other examples, the processing engine 308 may be implemented by electronic circuitry.

[0154] In an embodiment, the database 310 may include data that may be either stored or generated as a result of functionalities implemented by any of the components of the processing engine 308.

[0155] Although FIG. 3 shows the processing module 316 as part of processing engine 308, it may be noted that the processing module 316 can also be a part of the network monitoring system operating from a server or any network node in data network 226. In some examples, the processing module 316 and the processing unit 314 may be combined as a single unit or can be implemented as a multiple units across multiple network nodes. FIG. 4 illustrates an example flow diagram of a method (400) for network switching of the UEs 104 between 5G network and 4G network for thedefined percentage-redirection, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0156] At step 402, when the AMF 202 may receive registration requests from the one or more UEs 104 falling in the 5 G network circle area experiencing the outage. The 5G network circle may face outage because of cyclic increase in the network.

[0157] At step 404, the AMF 202 may forward the received registration requests to the UDM 210.

[0158] At step 406, on detecting the 5G network circle facing outage because of cyclic increase in the network, the UDM 210 may check whether the one or more UEs 104 falling into a UUT enabled PEMN list. The HSS 228 may generate the UUT for the one or more UEs 104 in the serving network (e.g., 4G or 5G) for the PLMNs. The HSS 228 may maintain the UUT enabled PLMN list for the UEs 104.

[0159] At step 408, the UDM 210 may generate a percentage-redirection for the one or more UEs 104. The percentage-redirection indicates the percentage of the UE 104 attempts that need to be redirected to be served through 4G core in case the UUT is enforced / enabled. The value of percentage-redirection may be in the range 1% to 100%. In an aspect, the UDM 210 may generate a random number and take modulo 100 of the generated random number. For example, if the generated random number is 245, then 245 modulo 100 = 45. So, the generated percentage-redirection = 45%.

[0160] At step 410, the UDM 210 may check whether the generated percentage-redirection is less than a preconfigured rejection-percentage. In an aspect, the preconfigured rejection percentage refers to the percentage of incoming registration requests that may be expected to be rejected or denied under normal operating conditions. The preconfigured rejection-percentage is ((Total Number of Registration Attempts / Number of Rejected Registration Attempts) * 100). For example, 10,000 UE 104 registration attempts per hour, number of rejected registration attempts is 5000, The rejection percentage = ((5000 / 10000)* 100) = 50%. n one embodiment, thegenerated percentage-redirection is 45% and the preconfigured rejection-percentage is 50%. So, the generated percentage-redirection is less than the preconfigured rejectionpercentage.

[0161] At step 412, on detecting that the generated percentage-redirection is less than a preconfigured rejection-percentage, the UDM 210 may send “UNKNOWN 5G SUBSCRIPTION” to the AMF 202 for the generated percentage-redirection.

[0162] At step 414, the UDM 210 initiates a process to redirect a certain percentage of one or more UEs 104 from the 5G network to the 4G network. For example, the UDM 210 may redirect 45% of the UEs 104 from the 5G network to the 4G network.

[0163] At step 416, the generated percentage-redirection of the UEs 104 results in their connection to the 4G network. The UEs 104 are connected to the 4G network.

[0164] In an aspect, the HSS 228 may indicate to the MME 214 to restrict handover to New Radio for the UEs 104. In an aspect, to restrict handover to New Radio, the UUT is enforced by sending NR to be restricted in the access restriction list in ULA. This prevents frequent (4G to 5G) handover attempts by the UEs 104 while its PDU session is established through the 4G core network. Further, only during idle mode handover, registration on 5G may be attempted. Furthermore, 5G registration may also be successful if the user makes manual attempts (airplane mode on / off, power off / on, manual re-selection of 5G network).

[0165] In an aspect, when the percentage-redirection is disabled, 100% of 5G register attempts shall be rejected with cause “No 5G subscription”.

[0166] In an aspect, the UUT-Duration (in minutes) may indicate the duration after which the UUT enforcement / override may be implicitly disabled. Further, in absence of the UUT-Duration, the operator may need to explicitly disable UUToverride. For example, the UUT-Duration = 5 minutes. After the UUT-Duration = 5 minutes, the UUT enforcement is disabled.

[0167] FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a method 500 for performing network switching of a plurality of the UEs 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method 500 comprises network switching of the plurality of the UEs 104 connected with the first network 200-1 (e.g., 5G) to the second network 200-2 (e.g., 4G) on detection of the outage in the first network 200-1.

[0168] In an aspect of the present disclosure the first network 200- land the second network 200-2 may be different networks, where the first network 200-1 is a fifth generation (5G) network and the second network 200-2 is a fourth generation (4G) network.

[0169] At step 502, the method 500 includes sending, by the AMF, one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs 104, to the UDM 210,

[0170] In an embodiment, the one or more requests comprise a registration request and a handover request. The registration request is initiated by the UE 104 to establish a new network connection, enabling authentication and resource allocation. The handover request handles the transfer of an active session as the UE 104 moves between cells, ensuring uninterrupted service. The dual request handling ensures seamless connectivity and mobility management within the network.

[0171] At step 504, the method 500 includes, on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF 202, determining , by the UDM 210, whether the one or more UEs (104) is associated with the UUT list and whether the determined UUT is enabled for the UE. The step 504 is essential for managing efficient resource allocation and maintaining the quality of service, aligning the UE 104 capabilities with network operator policies.

[0172] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes the UDM automatically updates the UUT enabled the PLMN list in response to detect an outage in a first network 200-1. The update involves adding one or more PLMNs associated with the first network 200-1. to the list. By doing so, the network ensures continuity of service by allowing the UE 104 to access alternative PLMNs that can support the required usage types during the outage. The automatic updating mechanism enhances network resilience, enabling seamless transitions for the UEs 104 to maintain service levels without manual intervention, even during disruptions.

[0173] At step 506, the method 500 includes, on determining that the UE 104 is associated with the enabled UUT, performing the network switching, by the UDM, by redirecting a first set of the UEs 104 from the one or more UEs 104 corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2. In step 506 of method 500, upon detecting that the PLMN is part of the UUT enabled PLMN list, the UDM carries out network switching. The process involves redirecting a set of the UEs 104 from the current PLMN on the first 200-1 to the suitable PLMN on the second network 200-2. This redirection is crucial for maintaining continuity of service, particularly during network congestion or outages, ensuring optimal use of network resources. The UDM continually monitors PLMN performance-related metrics, and when the PLMN is determined to be within the UUT enabled list, it signifies the network's readiness to manage specific usage types. The UDM collaborates with the AMF 202 to initiate the redirection process, which involves transferring session data efficiently to sustain service quality. For instance, if a network segment becomes congested, the UDM identifies affected UEs 104 and redirects them to another available network segment, ensuring their sessions continue seamlessly without noticeable disruption to the user.

[0174] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes redirecting, by the UDM, the first set of UEs 104 from the first network 200- 1 to the second network 200-2 based on a redirection criteria.

[0175] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes the criteria for redirecting the UEs 104 including several steps managed by the UDM. First, the UDM generates a redirection value for the UEs 104, which is used to evaluate their eligibility for network switching. The UDM then compares this generated redirection value against a preconfigured rejection value, which serves as a threshold. If the redirection value is less than this rejection value, it indicates that the UE 104 is suitable for redirection. Based on this comparison, the UDM identifies the first set of UEs 104 that meet the criteria from those connected to the specified PLMN. Once the UEs 104 may be determined, the UDM proceeds to redirect them from the first network 200-1 to a second network 200-2.

[0176] In an embodiment, the UDM identifying that the generated redirection value for the UE 104 is less than a preconfigured rejection value, it proceeds to reject the requests received from the UEs 104. This is executed by sending a rejection response back to each of the UE 104. The rejection response includes an unknown first network 200-1 subscription message, indicating to the UE 104 that its current network subscription cannot be recognized or supported within the context of the detected network criteria.

[0177] In an embodiment, the UDM controlling the redirection value associated with at least one PLMN upon detecting an outage in the first network 200- 1. The detection is carried out by either a network node or a network service linked to the UDM. By adjusting the redirection value, the UDM effectively manages how the UEs 104 may be redirected.

[0178] In an embodiment, the UDM controls the redirection value for the PLMN for the predefined UUT time duration, ensuring optimized network performance and resource allocation during the period.

[0179] In an embodiment, the UDM controls the UUT for the PLMN list, including the redirection value and the predefined UUT time duration for the UUT enabled the PLMN list, through an application programming interface (API) from thenetwork node. The configuration allows dynamic and efficient management of network parameters through API interactions, facilitating precise adjustments to network behavior based on current conditions and objectives.

[0180] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes the HSS 228 indicating a restriction on handover for certain of the UEs 104 to the first network 200-1. The restriction is applied to the UEs 104 for which the HSS has enforced the UUT. The UEs 104 may be included in an Update Location Answer (ULA) to communicate this restriction. The HSS 228 sends an indication to the MME 214, instructing it to limit frequent handovers of the UEs 104 while a session is active through the second network 200-2.

[0181] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes the HSS enforcing the UUT for the UEs 104 when a new registration is received from the MME 214 for a handover from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2.

[0182] In an embodiment the method 500 includes the network service associated with the UDM is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system. The UDM is equipped to analyze this data to detect outages in the first network 200-1.

[0183] In an embodiment, the method 500 includes that the network node can include one or more of the following components: the HSS 228, the AMF 202, the MME 214, and at least one network monitoring system.

[0184] In the present disclosure, network monitoring system includes handling network switching of one or more user equipment UEs 104 from the first network 200- 1 to the second network 200-2. The network monitoring system includes a processing unit 314 configured to monitor various key performance indicators KPIs to detect an outage in the first network 200-1 after a predefined time period. Upon detecting such an outage, the network monitoring system enables a UUT for at least one PLMN in the PLMN list associated with the UDM through the API. The UDM is designed to enablea redirection criterion for the specified UUT time duration for the selected UUT- enabled PLMN.

[0185] In an embodiment, the network monitoring system includes the UDM to facilitate network switching from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200- 2 by redirecting a selected set of UEs 104 from the total UEs 104 associated with the at least one UUT-enabled PLMN, based on the redirection criteria.

[0186] In an embodiment, the process of defining redirection criteria includes the UDM generating a redirection value for the UEs 104. If this redirection value is found to be less than a preconfigured rejection value, the network monitoring system identifies the first set of UEs 104 from the total UEs 104 associated with the relevant PLMN based on the redirection value. The selected UEs 104 are then redirected from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2.

[0187] In an embodiment, the first network 200-1 and the second network 200- 2 are distinct, with the first network 200-1 being the 5G network and the second network 200-1 being the 4G network.

[0188] FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram of a method 600 for performing network switching of a plurality of the UEs 104, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0189] At step 602, the method 600 for performing network switching involves the processing module 316 monitoring a range of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the first network. These KPIs, such as signal strength, latency, and packet loss, are tracked over a predefined time interval to identify any performance issues indicative of an outage. If these KPIs consistently deviate from normal thresholds during this period, the processing module 316 determines that an outage is occurring. The processing engine 308 and processing module 316 are to form a similar function. The processing engine 308 and processing module 316 can be implemented separately to form perform similar function. The outage detection initiates the network switching process,transferring UEs 104 to a second, more reliable network to maintain continuity of service.

[0190] At step 604, upon detecting an outage in the first network 200-1, the processing module 316 activates the UUT for at least one PLMN listed in the UDM 210 system. This activation is performed via an application programming interface (API). The UDM 210 is set up to activate specific redirection criteria that guide the network switching process. It allows the redirection of user equipment to the newly enabled PLMN based on the UUT for a predefined time duration. This configuration facilitates efficient and targeted switching of network services to ensure continued connectivity despite the outage in the initial network.

[0191] In an embodiment, the UDM 210 is configured to perform the network switching from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2 by redirecting a first set of UEs 104 from one or more UEs 104 corresponding to at least one UUT enabled PLMN based on the redirection criteria.

[0192] In an embodiment, to define a redirection criteria, the method 600 includes generating, by the UDM 210, a redirection value of the one or more UEs 104. Checking, by the UDM 210, whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value. Upon detecting, determining by the UDM 210, the first set of UEs 104 from the one or more UEs 104 corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value and redirecting, by the UDM 210, the determined first set of UEs 104 from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2.

[0193] In an embodiment, the first network 200-1 and the second network 200- 2 are different networks, and wherein the first network 200-1 is the 5G network, and the second network 200-2 is the 4G network.

[0194] FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary computer system 700 in which or with which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in FIG.7, the computer system 700 may include an external storage device 710, a bus 720, a main memory 720, a read-only memory 740, a mass storage device 750, communication port(s) 760, and a processor 770. A person skilled in the art will appreciate that the computer system 700 may include more than one processor and communication ports. The processor 770 may include various modules associated with embodiments of the present disclosure. The communication port(s) 760 may be any of an RS-222 port for use with a modem-based dialup connection, a 10 / 100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit or 10 Gigabit port using copper or fiber, a serial port, a parallel port, or other existing or future ports. The communication port(s) 760 may be chosen depending on a network, such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 700 connects.

[0195] The main memory 720 may be Random- Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device commonly known in the art. The read-only memory 740 may be any static storage device(s) e.g., but not limited to, a Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information e.g., start-up or Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) instructions for the processor 770. The mass storage device 750 may be any current or future mass storage solution, which can be used to store information and / or instructions. The mass storage device 750 includes, but is not limited to, Parallel Advanced Technology Attachment (PATA) or Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) hard disk drives or solid-state drives (internal or external, e.g., having Universal Serial Bus (USB) and / or Lirewire interfaces), one or more optical discs, a Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) storage, e.g. an array of disks.

[0196] The bus 720 communicatively couples the processor 770 with the other memory, storage, and communication blocks. The bus 720 may be, e.g. a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) / PCI Extended (PCI-X) bus, Small Computer System Interface (SCSI), Universal Serial Bus (USB), or the like, for connecting expansion cards, drives, and other subsystems as well as other buses, such a front side bus (LSB), which connects the processor 770 to the computer system 700.

[0197] Optionally, operator and administrative interfaces, e.g. a display, keyboard, joystick, and a cursor control device, may also be coupled to the bus 720 to support direct operator interaction with the computer system 700. Other operators and administrative interfaces can be provided through network connections connected through the communication port(s) 760. The components described above may be meant only to exemplify various possibilities. In no way should the aforementioned exemplary computer system 700 limit the scope of the present disclosure.

[0198] In another exemplary embodiment, the system 108 for performing network switching of one or more UEs 104 connected with a first network to a second network, the system includes a unified data management (UDM) is described. The system 108 includes a communication unit 312 configured to receive one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs 104 from the AMF, where each request includes information corresponding to at least one the PLMN associated with each of the one or more UEs 104. The system 108 includes on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF, a processing unit 314 is configured to check whether the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list. The system 108 includes on detecting the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled the PLMN list, performs the network switching by redirecting a first set of the UEs 104 from the one or more UEs 104 corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network 200-1 to the second network 200-2.

[0199] While the foregoing describes various embodiments of the invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof. The scope of the invention is determined by the claims that follow. The invention is not limited to the described embodiments, versions or examples, which may be included to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make and use the invention when combined with information and knowledge available to the person having ordinary skill in the art.

[0200] The method and system of the present disclosure may be implemented in a number of ways. For example, the methods and systems of the present disclosure may be implemented in the infrastructure of telecommunications operators that manage multi-generational networks, such as those providing both the 5G and the 4G services. The above-described order for the steps of the method is for illustration only, and the steps of the method of the present disclosure are not limited to the order specifically described above unless specifically stated otherwise. The present disclosure also covers a method for performing network switching of one or more UEs 104 connected with a first network 200-1 to a second network 200-2 according to the present disclosure.

[0201] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that many embodiments can be made and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiments without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be implemented merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

[0202] The present disclosure offers significant technical advancements to overcome the challenges associated with managing UEs 104 in a multi-network environment, specifically between differing generations like the 5G and the 4G. One primary issue that may be addressed is the need for seamless network switching during outages or performance degradations. By leveraging components such as the UDM, the AMF 202, and the HSS 210 / 228, the method ensures that network resources are optimally utilized, and service continuity is maintained. It involves evaluating network performance data and predefined criteria, allowing the system to dynamically redirect the UEs 104 to the most suitable network, thereby alleviating congestion and service interruptions.

[0203] Moreover, the approach tackles the difficulty of efficiently managing network switches without manual intervention, which is crucial in maintaining servicequality and user satisfaction amid fluctuating network conditions. The inclusion of redirection criteria, based on factors like the PLMNs and outage detection, enables proactive decision-making. This ensures that even when unexpected network performance issues arise, the UEs 104 may be seamlessly transferred to alternate networks, maintaining connectivity and avoiding downtime. Overall, it provides a robust framework for network operators to manage resources efficiently across different network generations.ADVANTAGES OF THE PRESENT DISCLOSURE

[0204] The present disclosure introduces a Percentage-redirection parameter. The Percentage-redirection parameter defines the percentage of user equipments (UEs) attempts to be redirected to the 4G core when a UE-Usage-Type (UUT)-is enforced, with acceptable values ranging from 1% to 100%. The UECM micro-service of the UDM handles this parameter by rejecting 5G registration attempts for the specified percentage and allowing the remainder.

[0205] The present disclosure outlines a process where, upon receiving an AMF Registration Request, the UECM verifies if the subscriber public land mobile network (PLMN) is included in the UUT-enabled list. The AMF Registration Request then generates a random number and performs a modulo 100 operation to assess if the resulting value falls below the configured rejection percentage. If the AMF Registration Request falls below the configured rejection percentage, the registration request is rejected with the cause code: UNKNOWN 5GS SUBSCRIPTION.

[0206] The present disclosure describes that following the rejection of 5G registration attempts, UEs proceed with 4G attachment attempts. Enhancements made to HSS ensure that UUT is enforced only for new UE attempts on the 4G network upon receiving an Initial Registration indication from mobility management entity (MME). This enforcement does not apply to 5Gto 4G handover scenarios, as those subscribers are already using the combo core network.

[0207] The present disclosure explains that for UEs where a home subscriber server (HSS) enforces the UUT, an indication is sent to the MME to restrict New Radio handover by including New Radio (NR) in the access restriction list within update location answer (ULA). This measure prevents frequent 4G to 5G handovers while the UE's Protocol data unit (PDU) session is active on the 4G core. 5G registration will only be attempted during Idle Mode handovers.

[0208] The present disclosure notes that subsequent 5G registration attempts may succeed if the user manually intervenes, such as by toggling airplane mode, powering the device off and on, or manually reselecting the 5G network. The present disclosure states that in the absence of these optional parameters, 100% of 5G registration attempts will be rejected with the cause "No 5G subscription," consistent with the current implementation.

Claims

We claim:

1. A method (500) for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) (104) connected with a first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2), the method comprising: sending, by an access mobility and management function (AMF), one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs (104), to a unified data management (UDM); on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF (202), determining, by the UDM, whether the one or more UEs (104) is associated with a UE-Usage-Type (UUT) list, and whether the determined UUT is enabled for the UE; and on determining the UE is associated with the enabled UUT, performing the network switching, by the UDM, by redirecting a first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs (104) corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

2. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising: redirecting, by the UDM, the first set of UEs (104) from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2) based on a redirection criteria.

3. The method (500) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the redirection criteria comprising: generating, by the UDM, a redirection value of the one or more UEs (104); checking, by the UDM, whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value;responsive to identifying that the generated redirection value is greater than a preconfigured rejection value, determining, by the UDM, the first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs (104) corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value; and redirecting, by the UDM, the determined first set of UEs (104) from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

4. The method (500) as claimed in claim 3, comprising: on identifying that the generated redirection value is less than the preconfigured rejection value, rejecting, by the UDM, the one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs (104) by sending a rejection response to each of the one or more UEs (104), wherein the rejection response comprises an unknown first network (200-1) subscription message.

5. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising: indicating, by a home subscriber server (HSS) to the UDM, to restrict a handover of the one or more UEs (104), to which the HSS has enforced a UUT, to the first network (200-1) by including the one or more UEs (104) in an update location answer (ULA), wherein the HSS is configured to send an communication to a mobility management entity (MME) (214) to restrict frequent handover of the one or more UEs (104) while a session is established through the second network (200-2).

6. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising: enforcing, by the HSS, the UUT for the one or more UEs (104) when a new registration is received from the MME (214) for the handover from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2) to allow continuation of services through a combination of the first network (200-1) and the second network (200-2).

7. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the one or more requests comprise a registration request and a handover request.

8. The method (500) as claimed in claim 2, comprising: controlling, by the UDM, the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN, upon detecting an outage in the first network (200-1) by at least one of a network node and a network service associated with the UDM.

9. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN is controlled for a predefined UUT time duration.

10. The method (500) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the network node comprises at least one of the HSS, an access and mobility management function (AMF), the MME (214), and the at least one network monitoring system.

11. The method (500) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the network service associated with the UDM is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system and is further configured to analyse the received network performance data to detect the outage in the first network (200-1).

12. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, comprising: automatically updating, by the UDM, the UUT enabled PEMN list by adding one or more PLMNs associated with the first network (200-1), upon detecting the outage in the first network (200-1).

13. The method (500) as claimed in claim 9, wherein the UDM is configured to control the UUT for a PLMN list, the redirection value and the predefined UUT time duration for the UUT enabled PLMN list through an application programming interface (API) from the network node.

14. The method (500) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first network (200-1) and the second network (200-2) are different networks, and wherein the first network (200-1) is a fifth generation (5G) network and the second network 200-2 is a fourth generation (4G) network.

15. A system (108) for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) (104) connected with a first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2), the system comprising a unified data management (UDM), the UDM comprising: a communication unit (312) configured to: receive one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs from an access mobility and management function (AMF), wherein each request includes information corresponding to at least one public land mobile network (PEMN) associated with each of the one or more UEs (104); and on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF (202), a processing unit (314) is configured to: check whether the at least one PLMN falls in a UE-Usage-Type (UUT) enabled PLMN list; and on detecting the at least one PLMN falls in the UUT enabled PLMN list, perform the network switching by redirecting a first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

16. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the UDM is configured to redirect the first set of UEs (104) from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2) based on a redirection criteria.

17. The system (108) as claimed in claim 16, wherein to define a redirection criteria, the UDM is configured to: generate a redirection value of the one or more UEs (104); check whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value; and upon detecting, determine the first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs (104) corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value; and redirect the determined first set of UEs (104) from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

18. The system (108) as claimed in claim 17, wherein on detecting the generated redirection value is less than the preconfigured rejection value, the UDM is configured to reject the one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs (104) by sending a rejection response to each of the one or more UEs (104), wherein the rejection response comprises an unknown first network (200-1) subscription message.

19. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, comprises a home subscriber server (HSS) configured to restrict a handover of the one or more UEs (104), to which the HSS has enforced a UUT, to the first network (200-1) by including the one or more UEs (104) in an update location answer (ULA), wherein the HSS is configured to send an indication to a mobility management entity (MME) to restrict frequent handover of the one or more UEs (104) while a session is established through the second network (200-2).

20. The system (108) as claimed in claim 19, the HSS is configured to enforce the UUT for the one or more UEs (104) when a new registration is received from the MME (214) for the handover from the first network (200-1) to the secondnetwork (200-2) to allow continuation of services through a combination of the first network (200-1) and the second network (200-2).

21. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the one or more requests comprise a registration request and a handover request.

22. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the UDM is configured to control the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN, upon detecting an outage in the first network (200-1) by at least one of network node and a network service associated with the UDM.

23. The system (108) as claimed in claim 17, the redirection value corresponding to the at least one PLMN is controlled for a predefined UUT time duration.

24. The system (108) as claimed in claim 22, wherein the network node comprises at least one of the HSS, an access and mobility management function (AMF), the MME (214), and the at least one network monitoring system.

25. The system (108) as claimed in claim 22, wherein the network service associated with the UDM is configured to receive network performance data from at least one network monitoring system and is further configured to analyse the received network performance data to detect the outage in the first network (200-1).

26. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, wherein upon detecting the outage in the first network (200-1), the UDM is configured to automatically update the UUT enabled PLMN list by adding one or more PLMNs associated with the first network (200-1).

27. The system (108) as claimed in claim 23, wherein the UDM is configured to control the UUT for a PLMN list, the redirection value and the predefined UUT time duration for the UUT enabled PLMN list through an application programming interface (API) from the network node.

28. The system (108) as claimed in claim 15, wherein the first network (200-1) and the second network (200-1) are different networks, wherein the first network (200-1) is a fifth generation (5G) network and the second network (200-2) is a fourth generation (4G) network.

29. A user equipment (UE) (104) communicatively coupled with a system, the coupling comprises of: receiving, by the system, a connection request to connect to a first network (200-1) from UE (104); sending, by the system, an acknowledgment of the connection request to the UE (104); and transmitting a plurality of signals in response to the connection request to perform connection to the first network (200-1), wherein the system is configured to perform network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) (104) connected with the first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2) on detection of an outage in the first network (200-1). upon performing the network switching from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2), sending, by the system, a rejection response to the UE (104), wherein the rejection response comprises an unknown first network subscription message, and wherein the first network (200-1) is a fifth generation (5G) network, and the second network (200-2) is a fourth generation (4G) network, as claimed in claim 1.

30. A method (600) for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) connected with a first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2), the method comprising: monitoring, by the processing module (316), a plurality of key performance indicators (KPIs) to detect an outage in the first network (200-1) after a predefined time; and upon detecting the outage in the first network (200-1), enabling, by the processing module (316), UE-Usage-Type (UUT) for at least one public land mobile network (PLMN) in a PLMN list corresponding to a unified data management (UDM) through an application programming interface (API), wherein the UDM is configured to enable a redirection criteria for a predefined UUT time duration for the at least one UUT enabled PLMN.

31. The method (600) as claimed in claim 30, wherein the UDM is configured to perform the network switching from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2) by redirecting a first set of UEs (104) from one or more UEs (104) corresponding to at least one UUT enabled PLMN based on the redirection criteria.

32. The method (600) as claimed in claim 30, wherein to define a redirection criteria comprises: generating, by the UDM, a redirection value of the one or more UEs (104); checking, by the UDM, whether the generated redirection value is less than a preconfigured rejection value; and upon detecting, determining by the UDM, the first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs (104) corresponding to the at least one PLMN based on the generated redirection value; and redirecting, by the UDM, the determined first set of UEs (104) from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

33. The method (600) as claimed in claim 30, wherein the first network (200-1) and the second network (200-2) are different networks, and wherein the first network (200-1) is a fifth-generation (5G) network, and the second network (200-2) is a fourth-generation (4G) network.

34. A computer program product comprising a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform a method for performing network switching of one or more user equipments (UEs) (104) connected with a first network (200-1) to a second network (200-2), the method comprising: sending, by an access mobility and management function (AMF), one or more requests received from each of the one or more UEs (104), to a unified data management (UDM); on receiving the one or more requests from the AMF (202), determining, by the UDM, whether the one or more UEs (104) is associated with a UE-Usage-Type (UUT) list, and whether the determined UUT is enabled for the UE; and on determining the UE is associated with the enabled UUT, performing the network switching, by the UDM, by redirecting a first set of UEs (104) from the one or more UEs (104) corresponding to the at least one PLMN from the first network (200-1) to the second network (200-2).

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