Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure comprises: a reception unit that receives a downlink carrier configuration and an uplink carrier configuration associated with each other, each of the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration corresponding to one or more frequencies; and a control unit that controls reception of a downlink signal on the basis of the downlink carrier configuration and controls transmission of an uplink signal on the basis of the uplink carrier configuration. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately define a configuration for a terminal even when transmission / reception points are densely disposed.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method and base station

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station in a next-generation mobile communication system.

[0002] Long Term Evolution (LTE) has been specified for Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) networks with the aim of achieving higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Document 1). LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) has also been specified with the aim of achieving higher capacity and more advanced features than LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP (registered trademark)) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (e.g., 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 or later, etc.) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, technologies (e.g., cell-free) that can increase the placement density of transmission / reception points (TRPs) per cell may be applied.

[0006] However, there has been insufficient consideration on how to specify settings for terminals (which may also be called terminals, user terminals, user equipment (UE)), etc.) suitable for high-density TRP allocation. If this consideration is insufficient, there is a risk that further improvement in communication throughput using high-density TRP allocation will be suppressed.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of the present disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that can appropriately specify settings for the terminal even when transmission and reception points are densely arranged.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes a receiver that receives downlink carrier settings and uplink carrier settings that are associated with each other, each of the downlink carrier settings and the uplink carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies, and a controller that controls reception of downlink signals based on the downlink carrier settings and controls transmission of uplink signals based on the uplink carrier settings.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, it is possible to appropriately define settings for terminals even when transmission and reception points are densely arranged.

[0010] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of MIMO. FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an overview of a cellular system. FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an overview of a cell-free system. FIG. 3A is a diagram illustrating an example of an overview of Assumption 1 of a cell-free configuration. FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating an example of an overview of Assumption 2 of a cell-free configuration. FIG. 3C is a diagram illustrating another example of an overview of Assumption 2 of a cell-free configuration. FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to embodiment 1-0. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to embodiment 1-1. FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of candidate configuration of a group for multiple carrier configurations according to embodiment 1-1-2. FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of candidate set configuration according to embodiment 1-2. FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to a second embodiment. FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to a third embodiment. FIG. 10A is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to Option 3-1. FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to Option 3-2. FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configuration according to a fourth embodiment. FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. Fig. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. Fig. 16 is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment.

[0011] (Cell-free) Existing wireless communication systems (e.g., 5G NR) have adopted a cellular system in which one cell is formed by one antenna / transmitting / receiving point (TRP). The area formed by the cell is a fixed / static area.

[0012] In addition, existing wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 16 and later) have introduced distributed multi-input multi-output (Distributed MIMO, e.g., multi-TRP using multiple TRPs), which forms a communication area using the coverage of multiple antennas / TRPs. Distributed MIMO allows simultaneous communication using multiple antennas / TRPs and communication using one antenna / TRP.

[0013] By adopting distributed MIMO, it is possible to create a more favorable line-of-sight environment and improve MIMO performance.

[0014] 1A and 1B are diagrams illustrating an overview of MIMO. Fig. 1A illustrates an example of co-located MIMO. In co-located MIMO, one UE communicates with one antenna / TRP.

[0015] On the other hand, Figure 1B illustrates an example of distributed MIMO, in which one UE communicates with multiple antennas / TRPs in cooperation with each other.

[0016] In future wireless communication systems (e.g., Rel. 20 and later), the introduction of cell-free communication is being considered with the aim of further improving performance and energy efficiency through reducing interference between multiple antennas / TRPs, creating a line-of-sight environment for high-frequency use, improving frequency utilization efficiency throughout the system, and applying equal, high-quality communication to each user.

[0017] Self-Free may also be referred to as cell-free massive MIMO (mMIMO) or large-scale distributed MIMO (D-MIMO). Self-Free uses coherent cooperation of multiple access points. Self-Free may include at least one of ultra-dense deployment, scalable cooperation, user-centric clustering, super-carrier aggregation, and analog fronthaul. The user plane for cell-free may perform more flexible scheduling than existing scheduling. The control plane for cell-free may retain some form of cell to facilitate signaling.

[0018] In cell-free, unlike conventional cellular systems, one area (which may be called a cell / sub-cell, etc.) may be formed by multiple antennas / TRPs. In other words, the area may mean a cell that is independent of the location of the antenna / TRP.

[0019] In cell-free, the set of antennas / TRPs used to form a coverage area may be changed according to the needs of UEs. For example, the set of antennas / TRPs may be changed based on the number of UEs, the number of traffic, communication purposes (e.g., initial access, data communication, measurement, reporting, etc.), etc., rather than the coverage of the antennas / TRPs.

[0020] In other words, in cell-free, the coverage between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0021] In cell-free mode, the direction in which a synchronization signal (which may also be called, for example, a synchronization signal block (SSB), a synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel (SS / PBCH) block, etc.) is transmitted may be controlled for each antenna / TRP.

[0022] In addition, in cell-free, a central unit (CU) / distributed unit (DU) may be virtualized for each antenna, or each antenna may be managed by only the CU.

[0023] Fig. 2A is a diagram showing an overview of a cellular system, in which cells formed by each antenna / TRP are shown, and UEs communicate based on these cells.

[0024] On the other hand, Figure 2B is a diagram showing an overview of a cell-free system. In the example shown in Figure 2B, the installed antennas / TRPs do not form fixed / static cells in a cellular system. As shown in Figure 2B, in a cell-free system, one or more antennas / TRPs form areas according to conditions. Therefore, in a cell-free system, each antenna / TRP does not need to correspond to the same physical cell ID, and the areas between multiple antennas / TRPs may overlap.

[0025] Self-regulation may be achieved, for example, by coordinating a set of antennas / TRPs controlled by a central control unit (e.g., CU).

[0026] In a cell-free system, a first cell (which may be called, for example, a cell / super cell / macro cell / large cell, etc.) with a fixed physical range like a cell in a 5G NR system, and a second cell (which may be called, for example, a subcell / area / micro cell / cell / small cell / second cell within the first cell, etc.) with a quasi-static / dynamic physical range that varies based on conditions may be formed.

[0027] For example, a first cell may be referred to as a supercell to distinguish it from a second cell. When a supercell is composed of multiple second cells, the second cells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR. For example, a second cell may be referred to as a subcell to distinguish it from a first cell. When a supercell or a cell is composed of multiple subcells, the subcells may have the same definition / operation / coverage as existing cells in NR.

[0028] The first cell may be a cell that is newly defined in a future wireless communication system, or may be a cell defined in an existing wireless communication system that is reused.

[0029] The configurations of the first cell and the second cell can be considered under the following assumptions 1 and 2: Assumption 1: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs with a single cell ID (physical cell ID (PCI)). The multiple TRPs can transmit and receive in coordination. Assumption 2: The first cell is composed of multiple TRPs (or sub-cells) with different cell IDs. The multiple TRPs / sub-cells can transmit and receive in coordination.

[0030] 3A is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 1. In the example shown in FIG. 3A, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has the same PCI (PCI #0). Multiple TRPs can communicate with one UE in a coordinated manner.

[0031] Figure 3B is a diagram showing an example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 2. In the example shown in Figure 3B, each TRP included in the first cell (super cell / cell) has a different PCI (PCI #0 to #9). Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE.

[0032] Figure 3C is a diagram showing another example of the outline of the cell-free configuration assumption 2. In the example shown in Figure 3C, a PCI is assigned to each TRP included in the first cell (supercell / cell). In the example shown in Figure 3C, unlike the example in Figure 3B, the same PCI may correspond to multiple TRPs. Multiple TRPs can communicate cooperatively with one UE.

[0033] Transmission / reception with TRP / subcell coordination may be based on at least one of the following schemes supported in NR: - Transmission of a single TRP / subcell with dynamic TRP / subcell switching (single-TRP transmission). - Joint transmission using multiple TRPs / subcells (multi-TRP joint transmission). The joint transmission may be based on a single DCI or multiple DCIs. The joint transmission may be non-coherent joint transmission (NCJT) or coherent joint transmission (CJT).

[0034] For cell-free, assuming ideal backhaul and tight coordination, in the joint transmission scheme, CJT may be prioritized over NCJT, and single DCI-based joint transmission may be prioritized over multi-DCI-based joint transmission.

[0035] Selfly can realize large-scale distributed MIMO, low layer (e.g., L2 / L1) mobility, and flexible TRP clustering. For example, when applied to ultra-high density TRP, cell / TRP clustering for mobility / control and data can be separated.

[0036] The cell-free approach has the following features: - It can increase the TRP deployment density per cell, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for all UEs, including those in conventional cell edge areas. - It can realize flexible (e.g., UE-centric) TRP clustering for cell construction, thereby reducing the number of UEs affected by inter-cell / inter-TRP interference. - It can realize mobility at lower layers. Since more TRPs can be considered in one clustering, seamless mobility can be achieved, for example, by operating at the L1 level.

[0037] For selfies, the following concepts 1 or 2 may be applied.

[0038] <Concept 1> Selfry selects multiple TRPs / access points (APs), and transmission / reception with the TRPs / APs targets only data (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., at the physical / MAC layer). In this case, cell selection, initial access, and mobility are not significantly affected compared to existing methods. LTM (L1L2-triggered mobility, e.g., LTM before Rel. 18) may be reused, or enhanced LTM functionality may be implemented. L1 measurement / reporting or extended SRS transmission for multiple TRPs / APs selection, CSI measurement / reporting or extended SRS transmission for CSI of TRPs / APs in different clusters, etc. may be implemented.

[0039] Concept 2: Selection of multiple TRPs / APs and transmission / reception with TRPs / APs covers both control channels / signals (e.g., in RRC) and data (e.g., PDSCH / PUSCH) (e.g., in the physical / MAC layer).

[0040] In this case, compared to existing methods, there are impacts on cell selection, initial access, and mobility in addition to the measurement / reporting of data L1 / CSI in Concept 1. For example, since a UE needs to access multiple TRPs / APs during initial access, SSB / SI / RACH also need to be redesigned.

[0041] When clustering multiple TRPs / APs for control channels / signaling and data, the clustering method (e.g., TRPs / APs in a cluster) may be the same or different, which may have potential impacts when clustering multiple DUs / CUs that are not in the same geographical location.

[0042] <CCs of Different Frequencies (Carrier Aggregation (CA) Scenario)> Selfry may be applied to CCs of different frequencies (CA scenario). The above multiple TRPs / APs may be processed individually for each CC or jointly across multiple CCs. For example, clustering and scheduling may take into account both the TRP dimension and the CC dimension.

[0043] (Analysis) In existing wireless communication systems (defined up to Rel. 18), the RRC parameter ServingCellConfig is used as the serving cell configuration.

[0044] The ServingCellConfig may include a serving cell index (ServCellIndex) for identifying the serving cell, a corresponding physical cell ID (PCI, PhysCellID), DL-related settings, UL-related settings, and CSI measurement settings (CSI-MeasConfig).

[0045] The DL-related configuration may include, for example, a PDCCH configuration (PDCCH-Config), a PDSCH configuration (PDSCH-Config), and a radio link monitoring configuration (RLM-Config).

[0046] The UL-related configuration may include, for example, a PUCCH configuration (PUCCH-Config), a PUSCH configuration (PUSCH-Config), a sounding reference signal (SRS) configuration (SRS-Config), and a RACH configuration (RACH-Config).

[0047] In addition, in existing scenarios (defined up to Rel. 18) that utilize multiple cells (cell groups) (e.g., carrier aggregation (CA) framework), the cell group configuration (CellGroupConfig) is provided by RRC reconfiguration.

[0048] The cell group configuration (CellGroupConfig) may include a cell group ID (cellGroupID) for identifying the cell group, configuration for MAC logical channels (rlc-BearerToAddModList), MAC parameter configuration for the cell group (including DRX (Discontinuous Reception)) (mac-CellGroupConfig), configuration of cell group-specific L1 parameters (physicaCellGroupConfig), configuration of special cells (SpCell, e.g., PCell) (spCellConfig), and configuration / list of secondary cells (SCell) (sCellToAddModList).

[0049] The special cell configuration (spCellConfig) and secondary cell configuration / list (sCellToAddModList) refer to the RRC parameter ServingCellConfig. The SpCell configured by the special cell configuration (spCellConfig) and one or more SCells configured by the SCell configuration / list (sCellToAddModList) are each configured by a separate HARQ entity.

[0050] In the existing mobility (e.g., LTM) scenario (defined up to Rel. 18), candidate cells for mobility in the same / different frequency are provided with LTM configuration (LTM-Config), which is provided by RRC reconfiguration.

[0051] The LTM configuration (LTM-Config) includes a reference configuration (ltm-ReferenceConfiguration), an LTM candidate configuration (ltm-Candidate) for configuring a candidate cell of the same / different frequency for LTM, and a CSI resource configuration for LTM (ltm-CSI-ResourceConfig) for configuring RS from a candidate cell for early L1 beam measurement / reporting.

[0052] On the other hand, in cell-free systems that may be adopted in future wireless communication systems, in order to achieve seamless mobility, it is preferable to provide the UE with the configuration of multiple antenna points (APs) / transmitting / receiving points (TRPs) in advance using a single RRC information element (rather than specifying the LTM configuration as separate RRC information elements).

[0053] Also, in cell-free mode, TRP clustering / DL and UL operating frequencies may be different, so it is preferable that the new RRC signaling framework for cell-free mode supports independent DL / UL resource configuration (which may be referred to as DL / UL decoupling resource configuration, for example).

[0054] Furthermore, for cell-free optimization, it is possible to further divide the DL / UL RSs / channels / functions and use different frequencies. In this case, the operating frequency of a specific DL / UL RS / channel / function can be updated as the UE moves. It is preferable to introduce an RRC signaling framework for such use of different frequencies and frequency updates.

[0055] However, these specific methods have not been sufficiently studied. If the study is insufficient, it may not be possible to set up a system suitable for cell-free communication, which may hinder further improvement of communication throughput.

[0056] Therefore, the present inventors came up with a method for solving this problem.

[0057] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. Wireless communication methods according to the embodiments may be applied independently or in combination.

[0058] (Various Reinterpretations) In the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "( )" in a sentence may indicate an explanation of the word immediately preceding it (for example, an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, a supplementary explanation, etc. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, a word enclosed in "[ ]" in a sentence may be interpreted including the word in the meaning of the entire sentence, or may be interpreted excluding (ignoring) the word in the meaning of the entire sentence. Note that "( )" and "[ ]" may also be used for purposes / meanings other than those mentioned above.

[0059] In the present disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted interchangeably. Also, in the present disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C."

[0060] In the present disclosure, terms such as notify, activate, deactivate, indicate (or indicate), select, configure, update, and determine may be read interchangeably. In the present disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and operate may be read interchangeably.

[0061] In the present disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher layer parameters, fields, information elements (IEs), settings, etc. may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, Medium Access Control (MAC) control elements (CEs), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc. may be interchangeable.

[0062] In the present disclosure, the higher layer signaling may be, for example, any one of Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, other messages (e.g., messages from the core network such as positioning protocol (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages), or a combination thereof.

[0063] In the present disclosure, MAC signaling may use, for example, a MAC Control Element (MAC CE), a MAC Protocol Data Unit (PDU), etc. Broadcast information may be, for example, a Master Information Block (MIB), a System Information Block (SIB), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSI), Other System Information (OSI), etc.

[0064] In the present disclosure, physical layer signaling may be, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI), and the like.

[0065] In the present disclosure, the following terms are used: SRS [resource [set]], SSB, CSI-RS, DMRS, TRS, DL-RS, UL-RS, panel, UE panel, panel group, beam, beam group, precoder, Uplink (UL) transmitting entity, Transmission / Reception Point (TRP), TRP ID, base station, Spatial Relation Information (SRI), Spatial Relation, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), Control Resource Set (CONTROLLER RESEARCH SET (CORESET)), Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), Reference Signal (RS), Antenna Port (e.g., Demodulation Reference Signal (DRM)), The terms "DMRS (Distributed Modem Radio Resources) port," "antenna port group" (e.g., DMRS port group), "group" (e.g., spatial relationship group, Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, reference signal group, CORESET group, Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) group, PUCCH resource group), "resource" (e.g., reference signal resource, SRS resource), "resource set" (e.g., reference signal resource set), CORESET pool, "Transmission Configuration Indication state" (TCI state), "downlink TCI state" (DL TCI state), "uplink TCI state" (UL TCI state), "unified TCI state," "common TCI state," "indicated TCI state," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "QCL assumption," and the like may be read interchangeably.

[0066] In the present disclosure, the terms frequency, carrier frequency, band, component carrier (CC), absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), bandwidth portion (BWP), partial bandwidth, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0067] In the present disclosure, L1-RSRP, L1-SINR, L1-RSRQ, L3-RSRP, L3-SINR, L3-RSRQ, and filtered / extended L1 measurements (results), etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0068] In the present disclosure, the terms channel, signal, reference signal (RS), function, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably. In the present disclosure, a function may mean an operation / control using a specific channel / signal, or may mean the specific channel / signal.

[0069] (Wireless Communication Method) First Embodiment The first embodiment relates to settings for multiple frequencies / TRPs.

[0070] The radio resource configuration for one frequency may be configured by one RRC information element.

[0071] The RRC information element may be transmitted, for example, using SIB / RRC signaling.

[0072] The RRC information element may be called, for example, a carrier configuration (e.g., CarrierConfig).

[0073] In the present disclosure, one or more frequency / carrier configurations may correspond to a first cell, and one or more TRPs (TRP sets / clusters) (corresponding to the same / different frequency / carrier configurations) may correspond to a second cell.

[0074] <<Embodiment 1-0>> The carrier configuration may include, for example, configuration of one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets (sets of TRPs) / cells in one frequency.

[0075] The carrier configuration may include one or more common parameters for one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets (sets of TRPs) / cells on one frequency.

[0076] The common parameters for one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets / cells may be, for example, configuration parameters for a particular channel / RS / function, such as at least one of: PDCCH time / frequency resource configuration parameters, PDSCH time / frequency resource configuration parameters, PUCCH time / frequency resource configuration parameters, PUSCH time / frequency resource configuration parameters, SRS time / frequency resource configuration parameters, DL / UL DMRS configuration parameters, and PRACH configuration parameters.

[0077] The carrier configuration may include one or more separate parameters for each AP / TRP / beam / TRP set (set of TRPs) / cell on a frequency.

[0078] The separate parameters for each AP / TRP / beam / TRP set / cell may be, for example, configuration parameters for a particular channel / RS / function, such as at least one of: CSI-RS resource configuration parameters, beam / RS / CSI measurement and reporting configuration parameters, TCI state configuration parameters, radio link monitoring configuration parameters, and PRACH configuration parameters.

[0079] In addition, which configuration parameters are common parameters for one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets / cells, or which are separate parameters for each AP / TRP / beam / TRP set / cell, may be specified in advance or may be set using higher layer signaling.

[0080] Common parameters for one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets / cells may, for example, be configured in one configuration (e.g., a reference configuration) or may refer to one reference TRP set.

[0081] Furthermore, common parameters for one or more APs / TRPs / beams / TRP sets / cells may be configured for a corresponding reference frequency or may be pre-specified, for example, if a specific configuration does not include the common parameters. The UE may determine the configuration for a specific channel / RS / function corresponding to the specific configuration based on the configuration for the reference frequency.

[0082] Separate carrier configurations may be defined / provided for different frequencies.

[0083] With each carrier configuration, the UE may receive complete configurations for multiple (e.g., all) channels / RSs / functions (e.g., PUCCH configuration / PRACH configuration / CSI-RS configuration / radio link monitoring configuration).

[0084] This allows any carrier configuration to be used for the SpCell / SCell as the UE moves, and even if the required channel / RS / function configurations for each cell are different, RRC pre-configuration is possible without frequent RRC reconfiguration.

[0085] For each carrier configuration, activation / deactivation / enabling / disabling of specific channels / RSs / features may be configured individually.

[0086] 4 is a diagram showing an example of carrier settings according to embodiment 1-0. In the example shown in FIG. 4, one carrier setting corresponds to each frequency (F#0-F#2). Each frequency / carrier setting corresponds to one or more TRPs.

[0087] Specific parameters for different TRP sets within one carrier configuration may be set / defined separately. For example, in the example shown in Figure 4, parameters for TRP1 to TRP3 corresponding to F#0 (common parameters) and parameters for TRP4 to TRP6 corresponding to F#0 (common parameters) may be set / defined separately (depicted by dashed lines in Figure 4). Switching between different TRP sets / carrier configurations may be performed using, for example, physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI).

[0088] In the present disclosure, TRPs with the same TRP ID included in different frequencies may be the same TRP. In other words, the ID of the TRP corresponding to each frequency may be a global ID.

[0089] In addition, in the present disclosure, TRPs with the same TRP ID included in different frequencies may be different TRPs. In other words, the ID of the TRP corresponding to each frequency may be a local ID (determined within each frequency).

[0090] According to embodiment 1-0, by introducing a carrier setting corresponding to one frequency, it is possible to make settings suitable for cell-free.

[0091] <<Embodiment 1-1>> As described above, switching between different TRP sets / carrier configurations, for example, due to UE movement, may be performed using physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI).

[0092] In this embodiment, a more efficient instruction is described taking into consideration the relationship between different carriers.

[0093] <<<<Embodiment 1-1-1>>> A TRP set corresponding to a certain carrier setting may be associated with a TRP set corresponding to another carrier setting.

[0094] If an instruction by physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI) indicates a switch to a certain TRP set in a certain carrier configuration, the UE may determine that the instruction indicates a switch to an associated TRP set in another carrier configuration.

[0095] The association between TRP sets in different carrier configurations may be explicitly configured.

[0096] The association between TRP sets in different carrier configurations may be implicitly configured / determined.

[0097] For example, the association may be performed based on the IDs of the TRPs in multiple carrier settings. For example, TRPs with the same TRP ID corresponding to each of multiple carrier settings may be associated with each other.

[0098] For example, the association may be performed based on the IDs of the TRP sets in multiple carrier configurations. For example, TRP sets with the same TRP set ID in multiple carrier configurations may be associated with each other.

[0099] For example, if physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI) indicates switching to TRP set #i in a certain carrier configuration, the UE may decide to switch to TRP #i in multiple carrier configurations (within the same list of carrier configurations).

[0100] 5 is a diagram showing an example of carrier settings according to embodiment 1-1. In the example shown in FIG. 5, one carrier setting corresponds to each frequency (F#0-F#2). One or more TRPs correspond to each frequency / carrier setting. In the example shown in FIG. 5, TRP1 to TRP6 correspond to F#0, TRP1 to TRP4 correspond to F#1, and TRP1 to TRP6 correspond to F#2.

[0101] In the example shown in Figure 5, the first TRP set (TRP1 to TRP3) in F #0 is associated with the first TRP set (TRP1 and TRP2) in F #1. Also, the first TRP set (TRP1 and TRP2) in F #1 is associated with the first TRP set (TRP1 to TRP3) in F #2. Also, the second TRP set (TRP4 to TRP6) in F #0 is associated with the second TRP set (TRP3 and TRP4) in F #1. Also, the second TRP set (TRP3 and TRP4) in F #1 is associated with the second TRP set (TRP4 to TRP6) in F #2.

[0102] These associations may be made explicitly, as described above, or may be made implicitly.

[0103] In addition, embodiment 1-1-1 may be applied in a mobility scenario within the first cell (in a cell-free configuration).

[0104] <<<<Embodiment 1-1-2>>> A group / set configuration (for example, CarrierConfigSet) for multiple carrier configurations / frequencies may be defined.

[0105] Switching across a group for multiple carrier configurations (e.g., CarrierConfigSet) may be performed according to L3 mobility. For example, switching across a group for multiple carrier configurations (e.g., CarrierConfigSet) may be performed using an RRC reconfiguration message.

[0106] This is because one carrier configuration includes multiple TRPs over a fairly wide coverage area, and switching across groups for multiple carrier configurations (e.g., CarrierConfigSet) is considered to require a high-level boundary (e.g., the boundary of the first cell) and L3 mobility (e.g., RRC reconfiguration).

[0107] Furthermore, one or more candidates for a group (for example, CarrierConfigSet) for multiple carrier configurations may be configured for the UE.

[0108] For example, a group for multiple carrier configurations (eg, CarrierConfigSet) may correspond to the first cell.

[0109] For example, different candidates may be associated with different first cells.

[0110] A single carrier configuration may contain separate parameters for different TRP sets, and the UE may be instructed to switch between different TRP sets / carrier configurations using physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI).

[0111] 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of candidate configurations of a group for a plurality of carrier configurations according to embodiment 1-1-2. In the example illustrated in FIG. 6, CarrierConfigSet#1 to #3 are configured as candidate configurations for a UE. Each of the candidate configurations includes a carrier configuration (CarrierConfig) corresponding to each frequency (F#0 to F#2). Switching between each candidate configuration may be performed using higher layer signaling / physical layer signaling.

[0112] Note that embodiment 1-1-2 may be applied to a scenario of mobility between first cells (in a cell-free configuration). For example, one candidate configuration may correspond to one first cell.

[0113] According to embodiment 1-1, by introducing candidate settings corresponding to a plurality of frequencies, efficient and appropriate settings can be made.

[0114] <<Embodiment 1-2>> This embodiment is a variation of the above-described embodiment 1-0.

[0115] A plurality of candidate set configurations (which may simply be referred to as set configurations) for carrier configuration may be configured for the UE.

[0116] The candidate set configuration may be associated with, for example, a particular channel / RS / function and / or DL / UL.

[0117] The candidate set configuration may be indicated / configured for at least one of a specific channel / RS / function and DL / UL, for example.

[0118] A candidate set configuration may correspond to one or more frequencies and one or more TRPs.

[0119] The (maximum) number of TRPs / frequencies in a candidate set configuration may be specified in advance, configured using higher layer signaling, determined based on UE capability reports, or based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0120] The (maximum) number of candidate set configurations that can be configured for a UE may be specified in advance, may be configured using higher layer signaling, may be determined based on a report of UE capabilities, or may be determined based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0121] For example, common (same) / separate (different) candidate set configurations may be set for each of the channel / RS / function / DL / UL.

[0122] The candidate set configuration may include the carrier configuration according to the above embodiment 1-0 / 1-1.

[0123] For example, one candidate set configuration may correspond to a first cell, and one or more TRPs in one candidate set configuration may be associated with the same first cell.

[0124] 7 is a diagram showing an example of a candidate set configuration according to the first and second embodiments. In the example of FIG. 7, five candidate set configurations are shown. Each candidate set configuration corresponds to one or more frequencies and one or more TRPs.

[0125] According to the first and second embodiments, efficient and appropriate settings can be made by introducing candidate settings corresponding to a plurality of frequencies.

[0126] According to the first embodiment, settings for selfie can be appropriately performed.

[0127] Second Embodiment In a second embodiment, an extension of the settings in the first embodiment will be described.

[0128] A DL carrier configuration (e.g., DL-CarrierConfig) and a UL carrier configuration (e.g., UL-CarrierConfig) corresponding to one frequency may be defined / configured as separate RRC information elements.

[0129] The carrier settings for DL ​​and the carrier settings for UL may be associated with each other.

[0130] A DL carrier setting and a UL carrier setting corresponding to the same frequency may be associated with each other.

[0131] The DL carrier configuration and the UL carrier configuration corresponding to different frequencies may be associated with each other.

[0132] One or more DL carrier configurations may be associated with one UL carrier configuration (option 2-1).

[0133] One or more UL carrier configurations may be associated with one DL carrier configuration (option 2-2).

[0134] One carrier setting for DL ​​and one carrier setting for UL may be associated (option 2-3).

[0135] For options 2-1 / 2-2 / 2-3, different options may be applied separately based on the band / frequency range.

[0136] The DL carrier settings may include, for example, settings related to DL channels / RS / functions (for example, settings related to PDCCH / PDSCH / SSB / CSI-RS (resources)).

[0137] The UL carrier configuration may include, for example, configuration related to UL channels / RS / functions (for example, configuration related to PUCCH / PUSCH / SRS / PRACH (resources)).

[0138] Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an example of carrier configuration according to the second embodiment. Fig. 8 shows DL-CarrierConfig #1 as the DL carrier configuration for F #0, DL-CarrierConfig #2 as the DL carrier configuration for F #1, UL-CarrierConfig #1 as the UL carrier configuration for F #0, and UL-CarrierConfig #2 as the UL carrier configuration for F #2. In the example shown in Fig. 8, DL-CarrierConfig #1 and UL-CarrierConfig #1 are associated with each other, and DL-CarrierConfig #2 and UL-CarrierConfig #2 are associated with each other.

[0139] The UE may transmit and receive DL / UL signals using frequencies corresponding to the DL / UL carrier configurations. For example, the UE may use F#0 to transmit and receive DL / UL signals based on DL-CarrierConfig#1 and UL-CarrierConfig#1. Alternatively, the UE may use F#1 to perform DL reception based on DL-CarrierConfig#2 and F#2 to perform UL transmission based on UL-CarrierConfig#2.

[0140] In this embodiment, an example has been shown in which the DL / UL carrier setting corresponds to one frequency, but the DL / UL carrier setting may correspond to multiple frequencies. In this embodiment, at least one carrier setting in the first embodiment may be read as the DL / UL carrier setting.

[0141] According to the second embodiment, carrier settings for DL ​​and UL are separately defined, so that carriers for DL ​​and UL communications can be appropriately and flexibly determined.

[0142] Third Embodiment In the third embodiment, an extension of the settings in the first and second embodiments will be described.

[0143] Configurations related to specific channels / RS / functions of specific frequencies / CCs (e.g., carrier configuration / carrier configuration for DL / carrier configuration for UL, and any configurations included therein) may be activated / deactivated using RRC signaling / MAC CE / DCI.

[0144] The UE may activate / deactivate settings (e.g., carrier settings / carrier settings for DL / UL, and any settings included therein) related to a specific channel / RS / function of a specific frequency / CC based on settings / instructions by RRC signaling / MAC CE / DCI.

[0145] Furthermore, the configuration / instruction by the RRC signaling / MAC CE / DCI may include (activating / deactivating) the association of a carrier configuration / a carrier configuration for DL / a carrier configuration for UL with the specific channel / RS / function.

[0146] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier settings according to the third embodiment, which illustrates associations between each carrier setting (carrier settings #1 to #3) and the activation of corresponding channels / RSs / functions.

[0147] In the example shown in Figure 9, carrier configuration #1 corresponds to the activation / validation of PDCCH configuration, CSI-RS configuration, PUCCH configuration, PRACH configuration, radio link monitoring (RLM) configuration, and beam failure detection (BFD) / beam failure recovery (BFR) configuration (denoted as "Y" in the table shown in Figure 9). Carrier configuration #2 corresponds to the activation / validation of PDSCH configuration and PUSCH configuration. Carrier configuration #3 corresponds to the activation / validation of PDSCH configuration.

[0148] The following describes in detail the signaling for activating / deactivating settings for a specific channel / RS / function of a specific frequency / CC (hereinafter, this may be referred to as the signaling in question).

[0149] <<Option 3-1>> The signaling may be an instruction for one channel / RS / function.

[0150] The instruction may be associated with the CC / frequency to be activated (e.g., carrier setting / carrier setting for DL / carrier setting for UL).

[0151] The instruction may indicate the CC / frequency to be activated (e.g., carrier setting / carrier setting for DL / carrier setting for UL).

[0152] The (maximum) number of activated CCs / frequencies (e.g., carrier configuration / carrier configuration for DL / carrier configuration for UL) [for one channel / RS / function] may be specified in advance, configured using higher layer signaling, determined based on UE capability reports, or determined based on a combination of at least two of these.

[0153] 10A is a diagram showing an example of carrier configuration according to Option 3-1. In the example shown in FIG. 10A, configurations / instructions regarding PDSCH configuration, RML configuration, and PUCCH configuration are transmitted to a UE. The PDSCH configuration corresponds to carrier configurations #1 to #5, the RLM configuration corresponds to carrier configuration #1, and the PUCCH configuration corresponds to carrier configuration #2. The UE determines the CC / frequency to be activated corresponding to each channel / RS / function based on each carrier configuration associated with the configuration of each channel / RS / function (here, the PDSCH configuration, RML configuration, and PUCCH configuration).

[0154] <<Option 3-2>> The signaling may be an instruction for one CC / frequency.

[0155] The indication may be associated with the channel / RS / function (settings) to be activated.

[0156] The instruction may indicate the channel / RS / function (settings) to be activated.

[0157] FIG. 10B is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier configurations according to Option 3-2. In FIG. 10B, multiple carrier configurations (carrier configurations #1 to #3) configured for a UE are shown. Carrier configuration #1 is associated with (activation of) a PDSCH configuration, (activation of) a PDCCH configuration, and (activation of) an RLM configuration. Carrier configuration #2 is associated with (activation of) a PDSCH configuration and (activation of) a PUCCH configuration. Carrier configuration #3 is associated with (activation of) a PUSCH configuration. The UE determines the activation of the corresponding channel / RS / function based on the CC / frequency activated by each carrier configuration.

[0158] <<Option 3-3>> The signaling may indicate any channel / RS / function corresponding to any CC / frequency.

[0159] Based on the signaling, the UE may determine at least one of activating any CC / frequency and activating any channel / RS / function corresponding to the any CC / frequency.

[0160] In this embodiment, a specific DL channel / RS / function may be associated with a specific UL channel / RS / function. For example, association between a specific DL channel / RS / function configuration (e.g., a configuration related to PDSCH / PDCCH / SSB / CSI-RS / DL DMRS) and a specific UL channel / RS / function configuration (e.g., a configuration related to PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS / PRACH / UL DMRS) may be provided.

[0161] Furthermore, the configuration / association / activation in this embodiment may be updated using physical layer signaling (L1 / L2 signaling, DCI).

[0162] According to the third embodiment described above, even when different channels / RSs / functions are transmitted, received, or executed on different CCs / frequencies, appropriate and flexible settings can be made.

[0163] Fourth Embodiment In the fourth embodiment, an extension of the settings in the first embodiment will be described.

[0164] One carrier configuration (or DL / UL carrier configuration) may include configurations regarding resources of multiple partial bandwidths of multiple different frequencies (e.g., ARFCN).

[0165] A minimum (e.g., 3 MHz, 5 MHz, etc.) / maximum (e.g., 10 MHz, 20 MHz, etc.) bandwidth value for the carrier configuration may be specified.

[0166] The partial bandwidth may be, for example, a narrowband bandwidth, in other words, a bandwidth narrower than the bandwidth of one carrier configuration corresponding to one frequency only.

[0167] In the carrier configuration for DL ​​(or UL) (or resource configuration for DL ​​(or UL)), it may be supported that one carrier configuration includes configurations for resources of multiple partial bandwidths.

[0168] The maximum frequency (e.g., ARFCN) within a carrier configuration may be pre-specified, configured using higher layer signaling, determined based on UE capability reports, or a combination of at least two of these.

[0169] Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of carrier settings according to the fourth embodiment. Fig. 11 illustrates carrier settings corresponding to multiple frequencies (F#0 and F#1) and carrier settings corresponding to single frequencies (F#2 ​​and F#3).

[0170] In the example shown in Fig. 11, the bandwidths of F#0 and F#1 may each be a narrowband bandwidth. Also, in the example shown in Fig. 11, for example, F#0 and F#1 may have non-contiguous frequency bandwidths.

[0171] In the example shown in Fig. 11, resources configured in one carrier configuration may be resources for scheduling for one CC / frequency. One carrier configuration may configure one scheduling target.

[0172] Note that the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment may be combined. For example, association / activation between a frequency bandwidth of a carrier setting / a carrier setting for DL / a carrier setting for UL and a specific channel / RS / function may be supported / provided / configured.

[0173] According to the fourth embodiment described above, even if multiple small bandwidths (narrow bands) exist / are scattered within different frequencies / bands due to the frequency configuration, efficient and appropriate settings can be achieved without specifying carrier settings individually for those multiple small bandwidths.

[0174] <Supplementary Information> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information to the UE [from a Network (NW) (e.g., a Base Station (BS))] (in other words, reception of any information from the BS by the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), a specific signal / channel (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0175] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) in the MAC subheader, which is not defined in existing standards.

[0176] When the notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, the format of the DCI, etc.

[0177] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above embodiments may be performed periodically, semi-persistently, or aperiodically.

[0178] In the above embodiment, the UE may receive information of at least one of the following QCL rules from the NW: QCL Type A QCL Type B QCL Type C QCL Type D

[0179] In the above-described embodiment, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following several RSs: SSB CSI-RS with / without repetition TRS DMRS of PDCCH / PDSCH

[0180] In the above-described embodiment, the information from the NW may be set / instructed by the following methods: Common to multiple UEs or UE-specific; Cell-specific or common to multiple cells; Per UE / per CC / per BWP / per band / per cell / per cell group (CG).

[0181] <<Notification of Information from UE>> In the above-described embodiments, notification of any information from the UE [to the NW] (in other words, transmission / report of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE, RRC message, LPP message), specific signals / channels (e.g., UCI, PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0182] When the notification is performed by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by including a new LCID, which is not defined in existing standards, in the MAC subheader. The MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE. For example, the MAC CE may be an extension of an existing MAC CE by introducing a new octet.

[0183] If the notification is made by UCI, the notification may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0184] In addition, notification of any information from the UE in the above embodiments may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by the UE or the gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by the UE or the gNB).

[0185] <<Application of Each Embodiment>> In a UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the above-described embodiments may be applied (used) when one or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher layer parameter indicating the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is configured. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on related higher layer parameters. - The specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is specified / activated / triggered by a MAC CE / DCI / UCI / resource / channel / RS. - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is reported or supported. - The application of the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0186] The specific UE capabilities may indicate at least one of the following: - Support for the specific processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information (e.g., cell-free); - Support for carrier configurations corresponding to one or more frequencies; - Support for common / separate carrier configurations for DL ​​and UL; - Maximum number of AP / TRP / beam / TRP set / cell configurations in a carrier configuration; - Support for activating / deactivating / enabling / disabling specific channels / RS / functions for a carrier configuration; - Support for association between carrier configurations for DL ​​and UL (e.g., each option in the second embodiment); - Maximum number of activated CCs / cells for a specific channel / RS / function; - Support for carrier configurations including resources from multiple frequencies (AFCN); - Minimum / maximum bandwidth per frequency; - Maximum number of frequencies for a carrier configuration; - Channels / RS / functions supported in a carrier configuration.

[0187] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), or may be a capability for each frequency (e.g., one or a combination of a cell, a band, a band combination, a BWP, a component carrier, etc.), or may be a capability for each frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), or may be a capability for each subcarrier spacing (SubCarrier Spacing (SCS)), or may be a capability for each Feature Set (FS) or Feature Set Per Component-carrier (FSPC).

[0188] Furthermore, the specific UE capability may be a capability that is applied to all duplexing methods (commonly regardless of the duplexing method), or may be a capability for each duplexing method (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD) or Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0189] If the above conditions are not met, the UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0190] The information on whether one or more of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, or which of several of the above embodiments / options / choices / examples apply / are used, may be based on several of the following methods: - The information is configured by one or more higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. - The information is determined by one or more related higher layer parameters / RRC IEs. - The information is indicated by a MAC CE / DCI. - The information is based on one or more UE capabilities. - The information is described / defined in a specification. - The information is based on conditions described / defined in a specification. - The information is determined by a combination of several of the above information. For example, the information is determined by the configuration / indication of higher layer parameters / MAC CE / DCI and reported by UE capabilities.

[0191] The above embodiments / options / choices may be combined into one embodiment / option / choice.

[0192] In at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the configuration may be configured in relation to at least one of a set / cluster of TRP / AP / SSB / CSI-RS and a super-cell, and the configuration may be updated when at least one of a set / cluster of TRP / AP / SSB / CSI-RS and a super-cell for the UE is updated.

[0193] The UE may send a request for this configuration.

[0194] The UE may update the configuration in at least one of the embodiments of the present disclosure based on at least one of predefined rules and pre-received configurations.

[0195] The UE may assume / expect to receive the updated configuration from the NW.

[0196] (Supplementary Notes) The following inventions are supplementary notes regarding one embodiment of the present disclosure. [Supplementary Note 1-1] A terminal having a receiving unit that receives one or more carrier configurations corresponding to one or more frequencies and one or more transmission / reception points, and a control unit that controls at least one of transmission and reception of signals that use the corresponding frequencies and transmission / reception points based on the carrier configurations. [Supplementary Note 1-2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1-1, wherein the carrier configuration includes at least one of a parameter that is common to the plurality of transmission / reception points and a parameter that is different for the plurality of transmission / reception points. [Supplementary Note 1-3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 1-1 or Supplementary Note 1-2, wherein the receiving unit receives one or more candidate configurations that include a plurality of the carrier configurations. [Supplementary Note 1-4] The terminal according to any of Supplementary Notes 1-1 to 1-3, wherein the plurality of frequencies are frequencies of non-contiguous frequency bandwidths. [Supplementary Note 2-1] A terminal having: a receiver that receives downlink carrier configurations and uplink carrier configurations that are associated with each other, the downlink carrier configurations and the uplink carrier configurations each corresponding to one or more frequencies; and a controller that controls reception of downlink signals based on the downlink carrier configurations and controls transmission of uplink signals based on the uplink carrier configurations. [Supplementary Note 2-2] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 2-1, in which one or more downlink carrier configurations are associated with one or more uplink carrier configurations. [Supplementary Note 2-3] The terminal according to Supplementary Note 2-1 or Supplementary Note 2-2, in which the associated downlink carrier configurations and the uplink carrier configurations each correspond to the same or different frequencies. [Supplementary Note 2-4] The terminal according to any of Supplements 2-1 to 2-3, in which each of the downlink carrier configurations and the uplink carrier configurations is associated with activation of a specific channel or signal.

[0197] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any one of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of the present disclosure or a combination thereof.

[0198] 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to an embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may be simply referred to as system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE) or 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR) specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0199] The wireless communication system 1 may also support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), etc.

[0200] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the master node (Master Node (MN)), and the NR base station (gNB) is the secondary node (Secondary Node (SN)). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0201] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity in which both the MN and SN are NR base stations (gNBs) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0202] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with a relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) that are located within the macrocell C1 and form small cells C2 that are smaller than the macrocell C1. A user terminal 20 may be located within at least one of the cells. The location, number, shape, size, etc. of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the embodiment shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when there is no need to distinguish between the base stations 11 and 12, they will be collectively referred to as the base station 10.

[0203] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize multi-input multi-output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or may be formed by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called, for example, a supercell) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called, for example, subcells). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell with a quasi-static / dynamically variable physical range. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0204] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of carrier aggregation (CA) using multiple component carriers (CCs) and dual connectivity (DC).

[0205] Each CC may be included in at least one of a first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and a second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). The macro cell C1 may be included in FR1, and the small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band higher than 24 GHz (above-24 GHz). Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may correspond to a higher frequency band than FR2.

[0206] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may perform communication using at least one of time division duplex (TDD) and frequency division duplex (FDD) in each CC.

[0207] The multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with the Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), an X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wirelessly (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between the base stations 11 and 12, the base station 11 corresponding to the upper station may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and the base station 12 corresponding to the relay station (relay) may be called an IAB node.

[0208] The base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 directly or via another base station 10. The core network 30 may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), a Next Generation Core (NGC), and the like.

[0209] The core network 30 may include network functions (Network Functions (NF)) such as a User Plane Function (UPF), an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF), a Session Management Function (SMF), a Unified Data Management (UDM), an Application Function (AF), a Data Network (DN), a Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). A single network node may provide multiple functions. Communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may also be performed via the DN.

[0210] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of communication methods such as LTE, LTE-A, and 5G.

[0211] An Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)-based radio access scheme may be used in the wireless communication system 1. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA), or the like may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0212] The radio access scheme may also be called a waveform. Note that in the wireless communication system 1, other radio access schemes (e.g., other single-carrier transmission schemes, other multi-carrier transmission schemes) may be used as the UL and DL radio access schemes.

[0213] In the wireless communication system 1, a downlink shared channel (Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, a broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)), a downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)), etc. may be used as the downlink channel.

[0214] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, an uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) shared by each user terminal 20, an uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)), a random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)), or the like may be used as an uplink channel.

[0215] The PDSCH transmits user data, higher layer control information, a System Information Block (SIB), etc. The PUSCH may transmit user data, higher layer control information, etc. Furthermore, the PBCH may transmit a Master Information Block (MIB).

[0216] Lower layer control information may be transmitted by the PDCCH. The lower layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) including scheduling information for at least one of the PDSCH and the PUSCH.

[0217] Note that the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH may be referred to as a DL assignment, a DL DCI, etc., and the DCI for scheduling the PUSCH may be referred to as a UL grant, a UL DCI, etc. Note that the PDSCH may be replaced with DL data, and the PUSCH may be replaced with UL data.

[0218] A control resource set (CORESET) and a search space may be used to detect the PDCCH. The CORESET corresponds to resources for searching for DCI. The search space corresponds to a search region and a search method for PDCCH candidates. One CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. The UE may monitor the CORESET associated with a certain search space based on the search space configuration.

[0219] One search space may correspond to PDCCH candidates corresponding to one or more aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. Note that the terms "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," "CORESET configuration," and the like in the present disclosure may be read interchangeably.

[0220] The PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery confirmation information (which may be called, for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). The PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with a cell.

[0221] In the present disclosure, downlink, uplink, etc. may be expressed without adding "link." Also, various channels may be expressed without adding "Physical" to the beginning.

[0222] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc. may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, as the DL-RS, a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc. may be transmitted.

[0223] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including an SS (PSS, SSS) and a PBCH (and a DMRS for the PBCH) may be referred to as an SS / PBCH block, an SS Block (SSB), or the like. Note that the SS, SSB, and the like may also be referred to as a reference signal.

[0224] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), or the like may be transmitted as an uplink reference signal (UL-RS). Note that the DMRS may also be called a user equipment-specific reference signal (UE-specific reference signal).

[0225] (Base Station) Fig. 13 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a base station according to an embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transceiver unit 120, a transceiver antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that the base station may include one or more of each of the control unit 110, the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140.

[0226] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0227] The control unit 110 performs overall control of the base station 10. The control unit 110 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, and the like that are explained based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0228] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may control transmission and reception using the transceiver unit 120, the transceiver antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140, measurement, etc. The control unit 110 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals, and transfer them to the transceiver unit 120. The control unit 110 may perform call processing (setting up, releasing, etc.) of communication channels, status management of the base station 10, management of radio resources, etc.

[0229] The transceiver unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transceiver unit 120 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0230] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be configured from a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be configured from a transmission processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may be configured from a reception processing unit 1212, the RF unit 122, and a measurement unit 123.

[0231] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0232] The transceiver 120 may transmit the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 120 may receive the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0233] The transceiver 120 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0234] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer processing, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), Medium Access Control (MAC) layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 110, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0235] The transmitter / receiver unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0236] The transceiver unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 130.

[0237] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0238] The transceiver 120 (reception processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, thereby acquiring user data, etc.

[0239] The transceiver 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), received quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0240] The transmission path interface 140 may transmit and receive signals (backhaul signaling) between devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0241] The transmitting section and receiving section of the base station 10 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving section 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission path interface 140.

[0242] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a radio unit (RU), a distributed unit (DU), and a central unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level functions of the physical layer (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level functions of the physical layer (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement the functions of the PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer.

[0243] In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may include a single device that realizes all of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU, or may include multiple devices that each realize some of the functions of the RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In the present disclosure, the base station 10 may be interchangeably read as RU / DU / CU.

[0244] The transceiver 120 may transmit one or more carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies and one or more transmission / reception points. The control unit 110 may use the carrier settings to instruct at least one of transmission and reception of signals using the corresponding frequencies and transmission / reception points (first embodiment).

[0245] The transceiver 120 may transmit a downlink carrier configuration and an uplink carrier configuration that are associated with each other. Each of the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration may correspond to one or more frequencies. The controller 110 may use the downlink carrier configuration to control transmission of a downlink signal, and may use the uplink carrier configuration to control reception of an uplink signal (second embodiment).

[0246] (User Terminal) Fig. 14 is a diagram showing an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transceiver unit 220, and a transceiver antenna 230. Note that the user terminal 20 may include one or more of each of the control unit 210, the transceiver unit 220, and the transceiver antenna 230.

[0247] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of the present embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each unit described below may be omitted.

[0248] The control unit 210 performs overall control of the user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be configured from a controller, a control circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates.

[0249] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may control transmission and reception, measurement, etc. using the transceiver unit 220 and the transceiver antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data, control information, sequences, etc. to be transmitted as signals and transfer them to the transceiver unit 220.

[0250] The transceiver unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transceiver unit 220 may be configured with a transmitter / receiver, an RF circuit, a baseband circuit, a filter, a phase shifter, a measurement circuit, a transceiver circuit, etc., which are described based on common understanding in the technical field related to the present disclosure.

[0251] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may be composed of a transmission processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may be composed of a reception processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223.

[0252] The transmitting / receiving antenna 230 can be configured from an antenna described based on common understanding in the technical field to which the present disclosure relates, such as an array antenna.

[0253] The transceiver 220 may receive the above-mentioned downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transceiver 220 may transmit the above-mentioned uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0254] The transceiver unit 220 may form at least one of the transmit beam and the receive beam using digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like.

[0255] The transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc. on data, control information, etc. obtained from the control unit 210, and generate a bit string to be transmitted.

[0256] The transmitter / receiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion on the bit string to be transmitted, and output a baseband signal.

[0257] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the setting of transform precoding. When transform precoding is enabled for a certain channel (e.g., PUSCH), the transceiver unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as the transmission processing to transmit the channel using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform, and if not, it may not be necessary to perform DFT processing as the transmission processing.

[0258] The transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc. on the baseband signal to a radio frequency band, and transmit the radio frequency band signal via the transceiver antenna 230.

[0259] On the other hand, the transceiver unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc. on the radio frequency band signal received by the transceiver antenna 230.

[0260] The transceiver unit 220 (reception processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (which may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal, and acquire user data, etc.

[0261] The transceiver 220 (measurement unit 223) may perform measurements on the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 223 may perform RRM measurements, CSI measurements, etc. based on the received signal. The measurement unit 223 may measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0262] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on the channel measurement resources. The channel measurement resources may be, for example, non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on the interference measurement resources. The interference measurement resources may be at least one of an NZP CSI-RS resource for interference measurement, a CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resource, etc. Note that CSI-IM may be referred to as CSI-Interference Management (IM) or may be interchangeably read as Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. Note that in the present disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc. may be interchangeably read as interchangeable.

[0263] Note that the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 in the present disclosure may be configured by at least one of the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0264] The transceiver 220 may receive one or more carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies and one or more transmission / reception points. The control unit 210 may control at least one of transmission and reception of signals using the corresponding frequencies and transmission / reception points based on the carrier settings (first embodiment).

[0265] The carrier configuration may include at least one of a parameter common to the plurality of transmission / reception points and a parameter different for the plurality of transmission / reception points (first embodiment).

[0266] The transceiver unit 220 may receive one or more candidate configurations including a plurality of the carrier configurations (first embodiment).

[0267] The plurality of frequencies may be frequencies in non-contiguous frequency bandwidths (fourth embodiment).

[0268] The transceiver 220 may receive a downlink carrier configuration and an uplink carrier configuration that are associated with each other. Each of the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration may correspond to one or more frequencies. The controller 210 may control reception of downlink signals based on the downlink carrier configuration, and may control transmission of uplink signals based on the uplink carrier configuration (second embodiment).

[0269] One or more downlink carrier configurations may be associated with one or more uplink carrier configurations (second embodiment).

[0270] The downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration that are associated with each other may correspond to the same or different frequencies (second embodiment).

[0271] Each of the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration may be associated with activation of a specific channel or signal (third embodiment).

[0272] (Hardware Configuration) Note that the block diagrams used to explain the above embodiments show functional blocks. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method for realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using a single device that is physically or logically coupled, or may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wires, wirelessly, etc.) and these multiple devices. The functional block may be realized by combining software with the single device or the multiple devices.

[0273] Here, the functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, determination, judgment, calculation, computation, processing, derivation, investigation, search, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, election, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, deeming, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating, mapping, and assignment. For example, a functional block (component) that performs transmission may be called a transmitting unit, transmitter, etc. As described above, the implementation method of each is not particularly limited.

[0274] For example, a base station, a user terminal, etc. according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that performs processing of the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Fig. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and a user terminal according to an embodiment. The above-described base station 10 and user terminal 20 may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, a memory 1002, a storage 1003, a communication device 1004, an input device 1005, an output device 1006, a bus 1007, etc.

[0275] In the present disclosure, the terms apparatus, circuit, device, section, unit, etc. may be used interchangeably. The hardware configurations of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include one or more of the devices shown in the drawings, or may be configured to exclude some of the devices.

[0276] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, processing may be performed by one processor, or processing may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, serially, or in other ways. Furthermore, processor 1001 may be implemented by one or more chips.

[0277] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading specified software (programs) onto hardware such as a processor 1001 and a memory 1002, causing the processor 1001 to perform calculations, control communication via the communication device 1004, and control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and the storage 1003.

[0278] The processor 1001, for example, runs an operating system to control the entire computer. The processor 1001 may be configured as a central processing unit (CPU) including an interface with peripheral devices, a control device, an arithmetic unit, a register, etc. For example, at least a part of the above-mentioned control unit 110 (210), transceiver unit 120 (220), etc. may be realized by the processor 1001.

[0279] The processor 1001 also reads programs (program codes), software modules, data, etc. from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes in accordance with these. The programs used are those that cause a computer to execute at least some of the operations described in the above-described embodiments. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and the other functional blocks may be implemented in a similar manner.

[0280] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be configured by at least one of, for example, Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EEPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be referred to as a register, cache, main memory, etc. The memory 1002 may store executable programs (program codes), software modules, etc. for implementing a wireless communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0281] Storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may be composed of at least one of, for example, a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a compact disc (e.g., a Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a digital versatile disc, a Blu-ray disc), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, a stick, a key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. Storage 1003 may also be referred to as an auxiliary storage device.

[0282] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmission / reception device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as, for example, a network device, a network controller, a network card, or a communication module. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include a high-frequency switch, a duplexer, a filter, a frequency synthesizer, etc. to realize at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmission / reception unit 120 (220), transmission / reception antenna 130 (230), etc. may be realized by the communication device 1004. The transmission / reception unit 120 (220) may be implemented as a transmission unit 120a (220a) and a reception unit 120b (220b) that are physically or logically separated.

[0283] The input device 1005 is an input device (e.g., a keyboard, a mouse, a microphone, a switch, a button, a sensor, etc.) that accepts input from the outside. The output device 1006 is an output device (e.g., a display, a speaker, a light emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.) that outputs to the outside. Note that the input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be integrated into one device (e.g., a touch panel).

[0284] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and the memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or may be configured using different buses between each device.

[0285] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), or a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of the functional blocks may be realized using this hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these pieces of hardware.

[0286] In addition, the devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be realized by the above-mentioned functional block / hardware configuration.

[0287] (Modifications) Note that terms described in the present disclosure and terms necessary for understanding the present disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, a channel, a symbol, and a signal (signal or signaling) may be interchangeable. A signal may also be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS, and may also be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc. depending on the applicable standard. A component carrier (CC) may also be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0288] A radio frame may be composed of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of the one or more periods (frames) constituting a radio frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may be composed of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0289] Here, the numerology may be a communication parameter applied to at least one of transmission and reception of a signal or channel, and may indicate at least one of, for example, Subcarrier Spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, Transmission Time Interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame structure, specific filtering performed by a transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing performed by a transceiver in the time domain.

[0290] A slot may be composed of one or more symbols (such as an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or a Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbol) in the time domain. A slot may also be a time unit based on numerology.

[0291] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or multiple symbols in the time domain. A minislot may also be called a subslot. A minislot may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using a minislot may be called PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0292] A radio frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol all represent time units for transmitting signals. The radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol may be referred to by other names corresponding to the radio frame, the subframe, the slot, the minislot, and the symbol. Note that the time units such as a frame, a subframe, a slot, a minislot, and a symbol in the present disclosure may be interchangeable.

[0293] For example, one subframe may be referred to as a TTI, or multiple consecutive subframes may be referred to as a TTI, or one slot or one minislot may be referred to as a TTI. That is, at least one of the subframe and the TTI may be a subframe (1 ms) in existing LTE, a period shorter than 1 ms (for example, 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing the TTI may be called a slot, minislot, etc. instead of a subframe.

[0294] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, a base station performs scheduling to allocate radio resources (such as frequency bandwidth and transmission power that can be used by each user terminal) to each user terminal in TTI units. Note that the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0295] The TTI may be a transmission time unit for a channel-encoded data packet (transport block), a code block, a code word, etc., or may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the time interval (e.g., the number of symbols) to which a transport block, a code block, a code word, etc. is actually mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0296] When one slot or one minislot is called a TTI, one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more minislots) may be the minimum time unit for scheduling. Also, the number of slots (minislots) constituting the minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0297] A TTI having a time length of 1 ms may be called a regular TTI (TTI in 3GPP Rel. 8-12), normal TTI, long TTI, regular subframe, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a regular TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, minislot, subslot, slot, etc.

[0298] In addition, a long TTI (e.g., a normal TTI, a subframe, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a time length of more than 1 ms, and a short TTI (e.g., a shortened TTI, etc.) may be interpreted as a TTI having a TTI length shorter than the TTI length of a long TTI and greater than or equal to 1 ms.

[0299] A resource block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and the frequency domain, and may include one or more consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be the same regardless of numerology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers included in an RB may be determined based on numerology.

[0300] In addition, an RB may include one or more symbols in the time domain and may have a length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI, each of which may be composed of one or more resource blocks.

[0301] In addition, one or more RBs may be referred to as a physical resource block (PRB), a sub-carrier group (SCG), a resource element group (REG), a PRB pair, an RB pair, etc.

[0302] Furthermore, a resource block may be composed of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource region of one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0303] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), which may also be referred to as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of contiguous common resource blocks (RBs) for a given numerology on a given carrier, where the common RBs may be identified by their index relative to a Common Reference Point of the carrier. PRBs may be defined in a BWP and numbered within the BWP.

[0304] The BWP may include a UL BWP (BWP for UL) and a DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured for a UE within one carrier.

[0305] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE may not expect to transmit or receive a given signal / channel outside the active BWP. Note that the terms "cell," "carrier," etc. in this disclosure may be read as "BWP."

[0306] The above-described structures of radio frames, subframes, slots, minislots, symbols, etc. are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a radio frame, the number of slots per subframe or radio frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, the number of symbols in a TTI, the symbol length, the cyclic prefix (CP) length, etc. may be changed in various ways.

[0307] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc. described in the present disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, may be expressed using relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or may be expressed using other corresponding information. For example, a radio resource may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0308] The names used for parameters and the like in this disclosure are not intended to be limiting in any way. Furthermore, the mathematical expressions and the like using these parameters may differ from those explicitly disclosed in this disclosure. The various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements may be identified by any suitable names, and therefore the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0309] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0310] Furthermore, information, signals, etc. may be output from a higher layer to a lower layer and / or from a lower layer to a higher layer. Information, signals, etc. may be input / output via multiple network nodes.

[0311] Input and output information, signals, etc. may be stored in a specific location (for example, memory) or may be managed using a management table. Input and output information, signals, etc. may be overwritten, updated, or added. Output information, signals, etc. may be deleted. Input information, signals, etc. may be transmitted to another device.

[0312] With respect to any information (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) described in the present disclosure, even if not specifically stated in the above embodiments, any first device (e.g., UE / base station) may notify any second device (e.g., base station / UE) of information indicating / specifying (or relating to) the value of the any information.

[0313] The notification of information is not limited to the aspects / embodiments described in the present disclosure, and may be performed using other methods. For example, the notification of information in the present disclosure may be performed by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB) and System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0314] Note that the physical layer signaling may be referred to as Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signal), L1 control information (L1 control signal), etc. Furthermore, the RRC signaling may be referred to as an RRC message, such as an RRC Connection Setup message or an RRC Connection Reconfiguration message. Furthermore, the MAC signaling may be notified using, for example, a MAC Control Element (CE).

[0315] Furthermore, notification of specified information (e.g., notification that "it is X") is not limited to explicit notification, but may be made implicitly (e.g., by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0316] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a Boolean value represented by true or false, or by a comparison of numerical values ​​(e.g., comparison with a predetermined value).

[0317] Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0318] Software, instructions, information, etc. may also be transmitted or received over a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using wired technologies (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)), and / or wireless technologies (such as infrared, microwave), these wired and / or wireless technologies are included within the definition of transmission media.

[0319] As used in this disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably. A "network" may refer to devices included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0320] In this disclosure, terms such as "precoding," "precoder," "weight (precoding weight)," "Quasi-Co-Location (QCL)," "Transmission Configuration Indication state (TCI state)," "spatial relation," "spatial domain filter," "transmit power," "phase rotation," "antenna port," "layer," "number of layers," "rank," "resource," "resource set," "beam," "beam width," "beam angle," "antenna," "antenna element," "panel," "UE panel," "transmitting entity," "receiving entity," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0321] In the present disclosure, the term "antenna port" may be interchangeably read as an antenna port for any signal / channel (e.g., a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port). In the present disclosure, the term "resource" may be interchangeably read as a resource for any signal / channel (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). The resource may include time / frequency / code / space / power resources. Furthermore, the spatial domain transmission filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmission filter and a spatial domain reception filter.

[0322] The group may include, for example, at least one of a spatial relationship group, a Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) group, a Reference Signal (RS) group, a Control Resource Set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, a panel group, and the like.

[0323] In addition, in the present disclosure, beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, codeword (CW), transport block (TB), RS, etc. may be read as interchangeable terms.

[0324] In addition, in the present disclosure, the terms TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0325] Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) property," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interchangeable.

[0326] In the present disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interchangeable. In the present disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, clustering, subset, and pool may be interchangeable.

[0327] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and the spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interchangeable. The "spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interchangeable with "set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)", "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information", etc. The TCI state and the TCI may be interchangeable. The spatial relationship information and the spatial relationship may be interchangeable.

[0328] In the present disclosure, terms such as "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "NodeB," "eNB (eNodeB)," "gNB (gNodeB)," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "cell," "sector," "cell group," "carrier," "component carrier," etc. may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, picocell, etc.

[0329] A base station can accommodate one or more (e.g., three) cells. When a base station accommodates multiple cells, the overall coverage area of ​​the base station can be partitioned into multiple smaller areas, and each smaller area can be provided with communication service by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms "cell" or "sector" refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​a base station and / or base station subsystem that provides communication service within that coverage.

[0330] In the present disclosure, a base station transmitting information to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to control / operate based on the information.

[0331] In this disclosure, the terms "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," "terminal," etc. may be used interchangeably.

[0332] A mobile station may also be referred to as a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0333] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0334] The mobile body is a movable object that can move at any speed and naturally includes cases where the mobile body is stationary. Examples of the mobile body include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcars, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and objects mounted thereon. The mobile body may also be a mobile body that moves autonomously based on an operation command.

[0335] The mobile object may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane, etc.), an unmanned mobile object (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle, etc.), or a robot (manned or unmanned). Note that at least one of the base station and the mobile station may also include devices that do not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0336] 16 is a diagram showing an example of a vehicle according to an embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, an RPM sensor 51, an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0337] The drive unit 41 is configured with at least one of an engine, a motor, and a hybrid of an engine and a motor, for example. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by a user.

[0338] The electronic control unit 49 is composed of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and a communication port (for example, an input / output (IO) port) 63. Signals are input to the electronic control unit 49 from various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0339] The signals from the various sensors 50-58 include a current signal from a current sensor 50 that senses the current of the motor, a rotation speed signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by a rotation speed sensor 51, an air pressure signal of the front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 obtained by an air pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed signal obtained by a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration signal obtained by an acceleration sensor 54, a depression amount signal of the accelerator pedal 43 obtained by an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a depression amount signal of the brake pedal 44 obtained by a brake pedal sensor 56, an operation signal of the shift lever 45 obtained by a shift lever sensor 57, and a detection signal for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc. obtained by an object detection sensor 58.

[0340] The information service unit 59 is composed of various devices, such as a car navigation system, an audio system, speakers, a display, a television, and a radio, for providing (outputting) various information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, and one or more ECUs for controlling these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via the communication module 60 or the like to provide various information / services (e.g., multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0341] The information service unit 59 may include input devices (e.g., keyboards, mice, microphones, switches, buttons, sensors, touch panels, etc.) that accept input from the outside, and may also include output devices (e.g., displays, speakers, LED lamps, touch panels, etc.) that output to the outside.

[0342] The driving assistance system unit 64 includes various devices for providing functions to prevent accidents and reduce the driver's driving burden, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), Inertial Navigation Systems (INSs)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driving assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driving assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0343] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 transmits and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to and from the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and the various sensors 50-58, which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0344] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with an external device. For example, it transmits and receives various information to and from the external device via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Furthermore, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 described above (or may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0345] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of signals from the above-mentioned various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on the signals, and information based on input from the outside (user) obtained via the information service unit 59 to an external device via wireless communication. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc. may be referred to as input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include information based on the above-mentioned input.

[0346] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, traffic signal information, vehicle distance information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on an information service unit 59 provided in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit that outputs information (for example, outputs information to a device such as a display or speaker based on the PDSCH received by the communication module 60 (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH)).

[0347] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axles 48, various sensors 50-58, and the like provided in the vehicle 40.

[0348] Furthermore, a base station in the present disclosure may be read as a user terminal. For example, the aspects / embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D) or Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may be configured to have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be read as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, terms such as an uplink channel and a downlink channel may be read as a sidelink channel.

[0349] Similarly, the user terminal in the present disclosure may be read as a base station, in which case the base station 10 may be configured to have the functions of the user terminal 20 described above.

[0350] In the present disclosure, an operation described as being performed by a base station may be performed by its upper node in some cases. It is apparent that in a network including one or more network nodes having a base station, various operations performed for communication with a terminal may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (such as, but not limited to, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving-Gateway (S-GW), etc.), or a combination thereof.

[0351] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used alone, in combination, or switched depending on the implementation. Furthermore, the order of the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc. of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be changed unless inconsistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present elements of various steps using an example order, and are not limited to the particular order presented.

[0352] Each aspect / embodiment described in the present disclosure may be a technology other than Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (x is, for example, an integer or decimal number)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.17 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.19 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.21 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.22 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.23 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.24 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.25 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.26 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.27 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.28 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.29 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.30 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.31 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.32 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.33 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802. The present invention may be applied to systems that use IEEE 802.20, Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth (registered trademark), or other suitable wireless communication methods, or to next-generation systems that are expanded, modified, created, or defined based on these. Furthermore, the present invention may be applied to a combination of multiple systems (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0353] As used in this disclosure, the phrase "based on" does not mean "based only on," unless expressly stated otherwise. In other words, the phrase "based on" means both "based only on" and "based at least on."

[0354] As used in this disclosure, any reference to an element using a designation such as "first," "second," etc. does not generally limit the quantity or order of those elements. These designations may be used in this disclosure as a convenient method of distinguishing between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to a first and a second element does not imply that only two elements may be employed or that the first element must in some way precede the second element.

[0355] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a wide variety of actions. For example, "determining" may be considered to be judging, calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up, search, inquiry (e.g., looking up in a table, database, or another data structure), ascertaining, etc.

[0356] Additionally, "determining" may be considered to be "determining" receiving (e.g., receiving information), transmitting (e.g., sending information), input, output, accessing (e.g., accessing data in memory), etc.

[0357] Furthermore, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, comparing, etc. In other words, "determination" may be considered to be "determining" some kind of action. In the present disclosure, "determination" may be read interchangeably with the above-mentioned actions.

[0358] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "determine / determining" may be interchangeably read as "assume / assuming," "expect / expecting," "consider / considering," etc. Furthermore, in this disclosure, "does not expect to do..." may be interchangeably read as "assumes not to do...."

[0359] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be interchangeably read as "be expected." For example, "expect(s) ..." ("..." may be expressed, for example, as a that clause, a to-infinitive, etc.) may be interchangeably read as "be expected ..." or "do ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. "does not expect ..." may be interchangeably read as "be not expected ..." or "does not ... (if the above "..." is a to-infinitive, a verb with "to")," etc. Furthermore, "An apparatus A is not expected ..." may be interchangeably read as "an apparatus B other than apparatus A does not expect ... from apparatus A" (for example, if apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0360] The "maximum transmit power" in this disclosure may mean the maximum value of transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0361] As used in this disclosure, the terms "connected," "coupled," or any variation thereof, refer to any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include the presence of one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are "connected" or "coupled" to each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, "connected" may be read as "access."

[0362] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they may be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to one another using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., as well as using electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency range, microwave range, light (both visible and invisible) range, etc., as some non-limiting and non-exhaustive examples.

[0363] In the present disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "coupled" may also be interpreted in the same way as "different."

[0364] When the terms "include," "including," and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, similar to the term "comprising." Furthermore, when the term "or" is used in this disclosure, it is not intended to be an exclusive or.

[0365] In this disclosure, where articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, the disclosure may include that the nouns following these articles are in the plural form.

[0366] In the present disclosure, terms such as "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than," "more than," "equal to," etc. may be interchangeable. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative. Furthermore, in the present disclosure, terms meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "fast," "slow," "wide," "narrow," etc. may be interchangeable, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative, as expressions with "i-th" (i is an arbitrary integer) attached (for example, "highest" may be interchangeable with "i-th highest").

[0367] In this disclosure, the terms "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," "associated with," etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0368] In the present disclosure, terms such as "when A, B," "if A, (then) B," "B upon A," "B in response to A," "B based on A," "B during / while A," "B before A," "B at (the same time as) / on A," "B after A," "B since A," and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Note that A, B, and the like herein may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, and regular sentences, depending on the context. Note that the time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). A time offset may also be applied to the time at which A occurs. For example, "A" may be interchangeable with "before / after a time offset at which A occurs." The time offset (eg, one or more symbols / slots) may be predefined or may be specified by the UE based on signaled information.

[0369] In the present disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any time unit (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc. may be read interchangeably.

[0370] Although the invention according to the present disclosure has been described in detail above, it is clear to those skilled in the art that the invention according to the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in the present disclosure. The description of the present disclosure is for illustrative purposes only and does not impose any limiting meaning on the invention according to the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiver that receives downlink carrier settings and uplink carrier settings that are associated with each other, each of the downlink carrier settings and the uplink carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies; and a controller that controls reception of downlink signals based on the downlink carrier settings and controls transmission of uplink signals based on the uplink carrier settings.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein one or more downlink carrier settings are associated with one or more uplink carrier settings.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration that are associated with each other correspond to the same or different frequencies.

4. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein each of the downlink carrier configuration and the uplink carrier configuration is associated with activation of a particular channel or signal.

5. A wireless communication method for a terminal, comprising the steps of: receiving downlink carrier settings and uplink carrier settings that are associated with each other, each of the downlink carrier settings and the uplink carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies; and controlling reception of downlink signals based on the downlink carrier settings, and controlling transmission of uplink signals based on the uplink carrier settings.

6. A base station having: a transmitter that transmits downlink carrier settings and uplink carrier settings that are associated with each other, each of the downlink carrier settings and the uplink carrier settings corresponding to one or more frequencies; and a controller that uses the downlink carrier settings to control transmission of downlink signals and uses the uplink carrier settings to control reception of uplink signals.

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