Mechanism for data processing and transmission
The method optimizes data processing and transmission in wireless communication systems by employing code blocks, modulation schemes, and semantic encoding models to enhance efficiency and reliability across various radio access technologies.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-05
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face challenges in enhancing data processing and transmission efficiency, particularly in handling various radio access technologies and ensuring reliable data exchange between user equipment and network entities.
The method involves processing and transmitting data streams and non-data streams at the physical layer, utilizing code blocks and modulation and coding schemes, with hybrid automatic repeat request mechanisms to ensure accurate decoding and retransmission, and incorporating semantic source and channel encoding models for improved data handling.
This approach enhances data processing and transmission efficiency by optimizing channel decoding and retransmission processes, improving reliability and adaptability across different radio access technologies.
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Figure CN2025087303_05032026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MECHANISM FOR DATA PROCESSING AND TRANSMISSIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to a user equipment (UE) , a base station, a core network entity, processors, and methods for mechanism for data processing and transmission.BACKGROUND
[0002] A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication devices, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
[0003] To run a service or an application in a UE that is connected to the network, data needs to be exchanged between the device and the other end point of the service or application, e.g., an application server in the data network. Enhancements on data processing and transmission are still needed.SUMMARY
[0004] The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support mechanism for data processing and transmission.
[0005] In a first aspect of the solution, a first apparatus receives, from a second apparatus, a transport block. The transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) . Alternatively, at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0006] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining stream positions of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer; determining CBs in the transport block based on the stream positions; performing channel decoding on the determined CBs.
[0007] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a data stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.
[0008] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0009] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer further comprises a respective control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective control stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one third CB.
[0010] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream and a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0011] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one data stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.
[0012] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0013] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer further comprises a combined control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined control stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one third CB.
[0014] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream and at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0015] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one header stream is adjacent to each other at the PHY layer, the at least one control stream is adjacent to each other at the PHY layer, and the at least one control stream follows after the at least one header stream in the combined stream at the PHY layer.
[0016] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the combined stream comprises at least one sub-combined stream adjacent to each other, and a sub-combined stream of the at least one sub-combined stream comprises a header stream and a control stream adjacent to each other and associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU.
[0017] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one MAC SDU comprises one MAC SDU.
[0018] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, information associated with at least one MAC SDU comprised in the transport block. The information associated with the at least one MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: a number of MAC SDUs comprised in the transport block; respective sizes of the at least one MAC SDU; respective starting positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block; or respective ending positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block.
[0019] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a user equipment (UE) , and the second apparatus is a network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, scheduling information for receiving the transport block; determining a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream; and determining a second MCS level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream.
[0020] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the scheduling information comprises one of the following: the first MCS level and the second MCS level; or the first MCS level and an offset for determining the second MCS level; or the second MCS level and an offset for determining the first MCS level.
[0021] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a first physical channel coding scheme applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream; and determining a second physical channel coding scheme applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream, wherein the first physical channel coding scheme is a polar coding scheme, and the second physical channel coding scheme is a low-density parity-check (LDCP) coding scheme.
[0022] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one non-data stream is correctly decoded from detecting a check code associated with the CB; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with the CB or a CB group (CBG) comprising the CB, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded.
[0023] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: omitting transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with a CB or a CBG comprising the CB in the at least one data stream, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded.
[0024] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one data stream is correctly decoded; determining whether a condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a HARQ NACK associated with the CB or a CBG comprising the CB, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded, and the condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled.
[0025] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining at least one first CBG comprising at least one CB in the at least one non-data stream; or determining at least one second CBG comprising at least one CB in the at least one data stream.
[0026] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, and a check code of the at least one check code at the MAC layer is associated with one or more non-data streams, among the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer, associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU.
[0027] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block is correctly decoded; determining, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the at least one check code, wherein the transport block is not correctly decoded; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a HARQ NACK associated with the MAC SDU, wherein the one or more non-data streams corresponding to the MAC SDU are not correctly decoded.
[0028] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block is correctly decoded; determining, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the at least one check code, wherein the transport block is not correctly decoded; and omitting transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with the MAC SDU, wherein the one or more non-data streams corresponding to the MAC SDU are correctly decoded.
[0029] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one check code comprises one check code, and the check code at the MAC layer is associated with the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer.
[0030] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block is correctly decoded; determining, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the check code, wherein the transport block is not correctly decoded; and transmitting, to the second apparatus, a HARQ NACK associated with the transport block, wherein the at least one non-data stream is not correctly decoded.
[0031] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block is correctly decoded; determining, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the check code, wherein the transport block is not correctly decoded; and omitting transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with the transport block, wherein the at least one non-data stream is correctly decoded.
[0032] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a header stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a first predefined size.
[0033] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: header information in at least one radio access network (RAN) layer or sub-layer, at least one MAC control element (CE) , or at least one data bit among data bits located before the one or more data bits.
[0034] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first predefined size is determined based on a sum of at least one maximum header length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer.
[0035] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a control stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block, wherein the control stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a second predefined size.
[0036] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: control packet data unit (PDU) in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer, MAC-I information, or at least one data bit among the data bits located after the one or more data bits.
[0037] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second predefined size is determined based on a sum of at least one maximum control length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer.
[0038] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the header stream is at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the first predefined size for a MAC header stream.
[0039] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the control stream is at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the second predefined size for a MAC control stream.
[0040] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the header stream is at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC header size and the first predefined size for a radio link control (RLC) header stream.
[0041] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the control stream is at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC control size and the second predefined size for a RLC control stream.
[0042] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer.
[0043] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the second apparatus, stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer.
[0044] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: receive, from ing third apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding; or receiving, from the third apparatus, second information associated with at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding.
[0045] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: a dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model.
[0046] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information comprises at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model.
[0047] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: generating a model corresponding to the second model based on the first information; generating a model corresponding to the fourth model based on the second information; performing semantic channel decoding on data bits in the transport block based on the model corresponding to the fourth model; and performing semantic source decoding on the semantic channel decoded data bits based on the model corresponding to the second model and the first information.
[0048] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a UE and the third apparatus is a network entity or a core network entity.
[0049] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a UE and the second apparatus is a network entity; or wherein the first apparatus is a network entity and the second apparatus is a UE.
[0050] In a second aspect of the solution, a second apparatus transmits, to a first apparatus, a transport block. The transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) . Alternatively, at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0051] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a data stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.
[0052] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0053] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer further comprises a respective control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective control stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one third CB.
[0054] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream and a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0055] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one data stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.
[0056] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0057] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer further comprises a combined control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined control stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one third CB.
[0058] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream and at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.
[0059] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one header stream is adjacent to each other at the PHY layer, the at least one control stream is adjacent to each other at the PHY layer, and the at least one control stream follows after the at least one header stream in the combined stream at the PHY layer.
[0060] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the combined stream comprises at least one sub-combined stream adjacent to each other, and a sub-combined stream of the at least one sub-combined stream comprises a header stream and a control stream adjacent to each other and associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU.
[0061] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one MAC SDU comprises one MAC SDU.
[0062] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: sending, from the MAC layer to the PHY layer, information associated with the at least one MAC SDU; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The information associated with the at least one MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: a number of MAC SDUs comprised in the transport block; respective sizes of the at least one MAC SDU; respective starting positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block; or respective ending positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block.
[0063] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: applying a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream; and applying a second MCS level on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream.
[0064] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the first apparatus, the scheduling information for the transport block. The scheduling information comprises at least one of the following: the first MCS level and the second MCS level; or the first MCS level and an offset for determining the second MCS level; or the second MCS level and an offset for determining the first MCS level.
[0065] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: applying a first physical channel coding scheme on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream; and applying a second physical channel coding scheme on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream. The first physical channel coding scheme is a polar coding scheme, and the second physical channel coding scheme is a low-density parity-check (LDCP) coding scheme.
[0066] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, a first hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategy is applied to at least one CB in the at least one non-data stream; and a second HARQ strategy is applied to at least one CB in the at least one data stream.
[0067] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of the following: formulating at least one first CBG from at least one CB in the at least one non-data stream; or formulating at least one second CBG from at least one CB in the at least one data stream.
[0068] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: generating, at the MAC layer, a check code of the at least one check code based on one or more non-data streams, among the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer, associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU.
[0069] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the at least one check code comprises one check code. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: generating, at the MAC layer, the check code based on the at least one non-data stream formulated at the MAC layer.
[0070] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a header stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block; the header stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a first predefined size.
[0071] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: header information in at least one radio access network (RAN) layer or sub-layer, at least one MAC control element (CE) , or at least one data bit among the data bits located before the one or more data bits.
[0072] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first predefined size is determined based on a sum of at least one maximum header length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer.
[0073] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a control stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block, and the control stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a second predefined size.
[0074] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU comprises at least one of the following: control packet data unit (PDU) in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer, MAC-I information, or at least one data bit among the data bits located after the one or more data bits.
[0075] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second predefined size is determined based on a sum of at least one maximum control length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer.
[0076] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the header stream is formulated at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the first predefined size for a MAC header stream.
[0077] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the control stream is formulated at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the second predefined size for a MAC control stream.
[0078] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the header stream is formulated at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC header size and the first predefined size for a radio link control (RLC) header stream.
[0079] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the control stream is formulated at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC control size and the second predefined size for a RLC control stream.
[0080] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: sending, from each sub-layer to a neighboring low sub-layer, a packet data unit (PDU) of the sub-layer as a SDU of the neighboring low sub-layer and information associated with the PDU. The information associated with the PDU comprises at least one of the following: size information of header bits in the PDU; ending position information of header bits in the PDU; starting position information of data bits in the PDU; ending position information of data bits in the PDU; starting position information of control bits in the PDU; or size information of control bits in the PDU.
[0081] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block is a MAC PDU sent from the MAC layer to the PHY layer, and Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, at the PHY layer from the MAC layer, information associated with the MAC PDU; determining stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer based on the information associated with the MAC PDU; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, the stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer.
[0082] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the transport block comprises at least one radio link control (RLC) PDU sent from a RLC layer to the MAC layer serving as at least one MAC SDU. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, at the MAC layer from the RLC layer, information associated with the RLC PDU; determining stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer based on the information associated with the RLC PDU; and transmitting, to the first apparatus, the stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer.
[0083] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include at least one of: receiving, from a third apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding; and receiving, from the third apparatus, second information associated with at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding.
[0084] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: a dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model.
[0085] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information comprises at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model.
[0086] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: generating a model corresponding to the first model based on the first information; generating a model corresponding to the third model based on the second information; performing semantic source encoding on data bits based on the model corresponding to the first model and the first information; and performing semantic channel encoding on the semantic source encoded data bits based on the model corresponding to the third model, wherein the transport block comprises the semantic channel encoded data bits.
[0087] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second apparatus is a UE and the third apparatus is a network entity or a core network entity.
[0088] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first apparatus is a UE and the second apparatus is a network entity; or the first apparatus is a network entity and the second apparatus is a UE.
[0089] In a third aspect of the solution, a third apparatus receives, from a fourth apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding. The third apparatus obtains channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a user equipment (UE) ; and performs model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information and the channel state information of the channel.
[0090] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the first information comprises at least one of the following: a dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model.
[0091] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: generating at least one of a model corresponding to the first model or a model corresponding to the second model based on the first information, wherein at least one of the third model or the fourth model is trained based on the channel state information and at least one of the model corresponding to the first model or the model corresponding to the second model.
[0092] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: performing model training on at least one of the model corresponding to the first model or the model corresponding to the second model based on at least one of the trained third model or the trained fourth model; and transmitting, to the fourth apparatus, updated information associated with at least one of the first model or the second model.
[0093] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, at least one of the first information and updated information associated with at least one of the first model or the second model.
[0094] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: transmitting, to the UE, second information associated with at least one of the third model or the fourth model.
[0095] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the second information comprises at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model.
[0096] Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: determining a change of the channel state information; and transmitting, to the fourth apparatus, updated information associated with at least one of the third model or the fourth model.
[0097] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving the channel state information from the network entity.
[0098] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity, the fourth apparatus is in a data network, and the first information is received via a N6 interface of an interface for transmission of model information.
[0099] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the fourth apparatus, data; performing semantic channel encoding on the data using the third model; and transmitting, to the network entity, the semantic channel encoded data.
[0100] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is a core network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the network entity, data bits; performing semantic channel decoding on the data using the fourth model; and transmitting, to the fourth apparatus, the semantic channel decoded data.
[0101] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is the network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, the channel state information.
[0102] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is the network entity, the fourth apparatus is in a data network, and the first information is received via a core network.
[0103] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is the network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from a core network, data; performing semantic channel encoding on the data using the third model; generating at least one transport block from the semantic channel encoded data; performing channel encoding on the at least one transport block; and transmitting, to the UE, the at least one channel encoded transport block.
[0104] In some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein, the third apparatus is the network entity. Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include: receiving, from the UE, a transport block; obtaining data bits in the transport block based on a channel decoding on the transport block; performing semantic channel decoding on the data using the fourth model; and transmitting, to the core network, the semantic channel decoded data.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0105] FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0106] FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a wireless communication network associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0107] FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a Layer 2 data flow associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0108] FIG. 1D illustrates an example of a general transmission architecture of traditional wireless communications in related solutions.
[0109] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of a general transmission architecture of semantic wireless communications associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0110] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of a signalling procedure for construction and transmission of a transport block in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0111] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of a signalling procedure for model training for semantic communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0112] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scheme of training a schematic (SC) source encoder and SC channel encoder in different network entities in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0113] FIG. 4A illustrates an example structure of a MAC transport block (TB) in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0114] FIG. 4B illustrates a first example scheme of formulating separate code blocks (CBs) for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0115] FIG. 4C illustrates a second example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0116] FIG. 4D illustrates a third example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0117] FIG. 4E illustrates a fourth example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0118] FIG. 4F illustrates a fifth example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0119] FIG. 5 illustrates an example scheme of inter-layer / sub-layer signaling for header stream size in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0120] FIG. 6A illustrates a first example scheme of applying separate HARQ schemes for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0121] FIG. 6B illustrates a second example scheme of applying separate HARQ schemes for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0122] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0123] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0124] FIGS. 9 through 11 illustrate flowcharts of methods that support mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0125] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein may be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0126] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0127] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0128] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0129] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof.
[0130] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , long term evolution (LTE) , LTE-advanced (LTE-A) , wideband code division multiple access (WCDMA) , high-speed packet access (HSPA) , narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT) , and so on. Further, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0131] As used herein, the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device can access the communication network and receive services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto BS, a pico BS, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0132] As used herein, the term “terminal device” generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications. By way of example rather than a limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, a user equipment (UE) , an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture terminal device such as a digital camera, a gaming terminal device, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an internet of things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms: “terminal device, ” “communication device, ” “terminal, ” “user equipment” and “UE, ” may be used interchangeably.
[0133] Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system. FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including institute of electrical and electronics engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
[0134] The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
[0135] A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0136] The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an internet-of-things (IoT) device, an internet-of-everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
[0137] The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
[0138] A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
[0139] A network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
[0140] In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a CU, a DU, a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
[0141] An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0142] Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
[0143] Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
[0144] A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
[0145] The core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
[0146] The core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102. The core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
[0147] In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
[0148] One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.
[0149] A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
[0150] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.
[0151] Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to symbols.
[0152] In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
[0153] FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.
[0154] Modern wireless communication network includes mobile core network, RAN and UEs. The core network is interconnected with a data network, which may provide operator services, Internet access or third party services. A UE communicates with a remote host in the data network via a network connection with the mobile core network. FIG. 1B illustrates an example of a wireless communication network associated with aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communication network shown in FIG. 1B may be regarded as a specific example or a part of the system 100 shown in FIG. 1A.
[0155] The mobile core network may include multiple network functions. For example, the mobile core network in 5G NR may include a user plane function (UPF) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) , a session management function (SMF) , a policy control function (PCF) , an authentication server function (AUSF) , a unified data management (UDM) and unified data repository function (UDR) . The UPF hosts the function of delivery of user data between data network and the UE (via RAN) . The UPF is responsible for external PDU session point of interconnect to the data network, packet routing and forwarding, packet inspection and user plane part of policy rule enforcement, quality of service (QoS) handling for user plane, and downlink packet buffering and downlink data notification triggering, etc. The AMF hosts functions of non-access stratum (NAS) signalling termination, access stratum (AS) security control, registration area management, connection management, mobility management, access authentication, etc. Other functions in the core network may refer to 3GPP TS38.300. Alternatively or additionally, the mobile core network may further include other functions, e.g., functions introduced in 6G. More generally, the 6G core network may replace a current function with another function, e.g., with a new terminology, or serve for a similar but not exactly same responsibility.
[0156] To run a service or an application in a UE that is connected to the network, data needs to be exchanged between the device and the other end point of the service or application, e.g., an application server in the data network. To exchange the data, a logical connection called PDU session needs to be established. The PDU session may be IPv4, IPv6 or Ethernet, and UE may establish more than one PDU session with a single data network or different data networks over single or multiple access networks. In general, “PDU Session” refers to a data connection that provides end to end user plane connectivity between UE and a specific data network through UPF.
[0157] The data flow within this logic connection is called a service data flow (SDF) , which is usually a flow of internet protocol (IP) packets related to the service / application. As there may be several applications running on a device, several SDFs may be routed between the mobile core network and the data network (s) for a UE. These SDFs are mapped in the core network (i.e. by UPF) to QoS flows based on their respective QoS requirements. Packets, which are supposed to receive QoS treatment, are marked with a same QoS flow identifier (QFI) .
[0158] In RAN layer 2 (L2) , the QoS flows are extracted from the PDU session and based on their respective QoS requirements, the RAN service data adaption protocol (SDAP) sub-layer maps them to data radio bearers (DRBs) . A DRB may carry one or multiple QoS flows. In an example exacted from TS38.300, FIG. 1C illustrates an example of a L2 data flow associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1C, there are three QoS flows arriving from IP layer, which are then mapped to two DRBs (i.e., RBx and RBy as in the FIG. 1C) in RAN by SDAP layer. After being processed by PDCP and radio link control (RLC) sub-layers, logical channels arriving at MAC sub-layer can be multiplexed onto a single transport block (TB) . The TB is generated by MAC sub-layer by concatenating two RLC PDUs from RBx and one RLC PDU from RBy, and the two RLC PDUs from RBx each corresponds to one IP packet (n and n+1) while the RLC PDU from RBy is a segment of an IP packet (m) . The MAC layer TB will be delivered to PHY layer, and the PHY layer is responsible for processing the TB, including encoding / decoding, rate matching, modulation / demodulation, radio resource mapping / demapping, multi-antenna mapping / demapping and other functions.
[0159] Each packet in RAN that is output of a given layer is called PDU of that layer which then serves as service data unit (SDU) for the receiving layer. For example, SDAP PDU comprises the SDAP SDU (IP packet) and the SDAP header. The SDAP PDU serves as an PDCP SDU, and PDCP PDU comprises PDCP SDU and the PDCP header. It should be noted although not presented in the FIG. 1C, in some layer such as PDCP, there may be control PDUs attached behind the data PDU.
[0160] Besides the data delivery between RAN sub-layers, there are also indications / signallings exchanged between the sub-layers. For example, as defined in 3GPP TS38.321, the MAC sub-layer expects the following services from the PHY layer, which are used for determining strategy of scheduling and HARQ in MAC sub-layer: signalling of HARQ feedback; signalling of scheduling request; and measurements (e.g. channel quality indication (CQI) ) .
[0161] From encoding perspective, the transmitted data signals are processed using two kinds of encodings, one is source encoding performed in a unit of the data network e.g., in an application server in the data network, and the other is channel encoding performed in RAN PHY layer. The source encoding and channel encoding are responsible for different functions. The former is mostly responsible for data compression, while the latter is responsible for overcoming channel effects including e.g., fading, noise and interference, to ensure bit-exact communication between the transmitter and the receiver. Due to different functionalities of each encoder and the “long distance” between the entities implementing the two encoders, the two encoders are separately designed in current wireless communication system.
[0162] Taking XR service as an example, FIG. 1D illustrates an example of a general transmission architecture of traditional wireless communications in related solutions. According to 3GPP Technical Report (TR) 26.928, an application server may be located at the edge of the mobile network and is connected to a core network, which is used for source encoding, i.e., encode the application video content and transfer it to RAN via core network, as aforementioned in above. Then the RAN PHY layer will perform channel encoding and transmit the encoded data over wireless channel to the UE. There are channel decoder and source decoder in UE as the counterparts of the operations in the transmitter.
[0163] Modern and future wireless communication system has been serving more and more services. Besides applications which may require relatively lower data volume, applications such as XR, online gaming, high-definition live streaming, video conferencing, etc., are driving the increase of video traffic, which may correspond to different QoS but all contribute high data volume to the network. This challenges current and future communications networks in delivering a high-fidelity QoE at ever increasing resolutions and drives the need to develop better source encoding and compression of the video signals. Despite the current advances in video codec development, e.g., H. 266 standard, a technique named as “semantic communication” has shown great potential on data compression and efficient transmission.
[0164] Semantic communication, in general, refers to the exchange of meaning between transceivers who share a common semantic understanding, e.g., a knowledge base or a data set. The focus is to ensure mutual comprehension, not just bit or symbol transmission as in current wireless communication system. In other words, it purses transmission of exact meaning and allows bit in-exact transmission (to some extent) instead of bit-exact transmission as in legacy.
[0165] From implementation perspective, semantic communication may be empowered by AI and information theory, implements AI based semantic representation, extraction, transmission, and recovery of original signals by joint source and channel encoding technologies, which could achieve efficient transmission of semantic information tailored to specific needs and tasks.
[0166] FIG. 1E illustrates an example of a general transmission architecture of semantic wireless communications associated with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 1E, the transmitter side contains a semantic encoder and a channel encoder, both constructed using artificial intelligence (AI) . The former is used to extract the semantic information from the source data based on a knowledge base or a data set, and the latter is used to handle the channel effects to facilitate transmission over wireless channel. In the receiver side, there are correspondingly channel decoder and semantic decoder, both are based on AI and match the respective counterparts in the transmitter, to recover the transmitted source data. The knowledge base or data set are shared between the transmitter and the receiver for encoding and decoding purposes.
[0167] In some implementations, to provide best performance, the semantic encoder and the channel encoder, the semantic decoder and channel decoder are jointly trained. The training can be conducted offline and the obtained AI model parameters for each entity could be used when data delivery starts.
[0168] Due to joint training, the encoder in the transmitter is treated as joint source and channel encoder (JSCC) , which is different with the current used separate source and channel encoder (SSCC) as described with reference to FIG. 1D. Such fundamental difference provides obstacles of incorporating semantic communication in wireless system. For example, if using JSCC in the traditional source encoder provider, e.g., an application server, the issue is lack of (timely) channel conditions of the UE in the application server, especially considering the dynamic variations of channel conditions due to e.g., UE mobility. This may lead to mismatched AI models with the channel conditions and in turn leads to performance degradation. In addition, if using JSCC in the traditional channel encoder provider, i.e., RAN PHY, the issue is even severe since PHY layer cannot obtain the source data directly. Despite the issue caused by the different encoder structures, a further issue is how to handle / protect the information other than the source data, e.g., the mandatory header information in each RAN sub-layer, the MAC control element (CE) , MAC-I, and the optional control PDU in PDCP / RLC sub-layers, etc. Such information is generated in sub-layers and are not extracted from the source data and cannot be protected by the JSCC to mitigate the channel impairments.
[0169] Therefore, enhancements on the following aspects are needed when incorporating semantic communication in the current wireless communication system. The first aspect relates to JSCC with SC source encoder and SC channel encoder being trained / performed in different network entities. The second aspect relates to separate PHY link adaptation strategies for data bits and non-data bits in a TB. The second aspect relates to separate HARQ schemes for data bits and non-data bits in a TB. In addition, the related information exchange between network entities thereof needs to be designed.
[0170] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide solutions to handle these identified issues, thus enabling using JSCC based semantic communication in current network / protocol architecture and enhancing communication performance. Although some embodiments of the present disclosure target to use JSCC based semantic communication in current network / protocol architecture, it should be understood that the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard and some embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to other scenarios.
[0171] FIG. 2A illustrates an example of a signalling procedure 200A for construction and transmission of a transport block in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 200A may involve a first apparatus 210 and a second apparatus 220. In some implementations, for downlink transmission, the first apparatus 210 may be implemented as a UE 104 in FIG. 1A and the second apparatus 220 may be implemented as a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A. In some implementations, for uplink transmission, the first apparatus 210 may be implemented as a network entity 102 in FIG. 1A and the second apparatus 220 may be implemented as a UE 104 in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2A are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that procedure 200A may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0172] As shown in FIG. 2A, the second apparatus 220 transmits (201) a transport block 202 to the first apparatus 210. The first apparatus 210 receives (203) the transport block 202 from the second apparatus 220. For example, the second apparatus 220 may formulate the transport block 202 and formulate at least one code block (CB) in the transport block 202. The second apparatus 220 may perform channel encoding and modulation on the at least one CB, and transport the processed transport block 202 to the first apparatus 210. After receiving the transport block 202, the first apparatus 210 may perform channel decoding for the at least one CB in the PHY layer and determine whether the at least one CB has been correctly decoded. The transport block 202 and / or the at least one CB in the transport block 202 may be formulated in various manners, and details thereof will be described hereinafter.
[0173] In some embodiments, the transport block 202 may include at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a PHY layer. Each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one CB. In other words, the transport block 202 may include at least one data CB and at least one non-data CB. That is, channel encoding may be separately performed on the data steam and non-data stream in the same the transport block. This enables applying different channel coding schemes and different modulation and coding scheme (MCS) levels on the data steam and non-data stream in the same the transport block, thus providing more flexibility on data processing and transmission, which is beneficial for improving communication performance and throughput.
[0174] In some implementations, the first apparatus 210 may determine stream positions of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer. The first apparatus 210 may determine CBs in the transport block 202 based on the stream positions, and perform channel decoding on the determined CBs.
[0175] In some embodiments, the MAC PDU or the transport block may include one MAC SDU. The transport block may include only one data stream at the PHY layer. The data stream at the PHY layer corresponds to the data stream associated with the MAC SDU. The data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a header stream at the PHY layer. The header stream at the PHY layer corresponds to a header stream associated with the MAC SDU. The header stream at the PHY layer may include second CB. Alternatively or additionally, the non-data stream at the PHY layer may further include a control stream at the PHY layer. The control stream at the PHY layer corresponds to a control stream associated with the MAC SDU. The control stream at the PHY layer may include at least one third CB. For example, if the MAC SDU in the transport block includes a header stream, a data stream and a control stream, at least one header CB, at least one data CB and at least one control CB may be formulated for the transport block. In some implementations, the at least one header CB associated with the header stream of the MAC SDU may form a CB group (CBG) . Similarly, the at least one data CB associated with the data stream of the MAC SDU may form a CBG, and the at least one control CB associated with the control stream of the MAC SDU may form a CBG.
[0176] In some embodiments, the MAC PDU or the transport block may include one MAC SDU. The at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream and a control stream associated with the MAC SDU. The combined stream at the PHY layer may include at least one second CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the header stream and the control stream of the MAC SDU. In some implementations, the at least one CB associated with the header stream and the control stream of the MAC SDU may form a CBG. In addition, the data stream at the PHY layer may correspond to the data stream associated with the MAC SDU. The data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the data stream of the MAC SDU. The at least one CB associated with the data stream of the MAC SDU may form a CBG.
[0177] In some implementations, the MAC PDU or the transport block 202 may include at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) . The at least one data stream at the PHY layer may include a respective data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a data stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU of the MAC PDU. The respective data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the data stream of each MAC SDU of the MAC PDU. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a respective header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. The respective header stream at the PHY layer may include at least one second CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the header stream of each MAC SDU. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may further include a respective control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. The respective control stream at the PHY layer may include at least one third CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the control stream (if exists) of each MAC SDU. For example, if a MAC SDU in the transport block includes a header stream, a data stream and a control stream, at least one header CB, at least one data CB and at least one control CB may be formulated for the MAC SDU. In some implementations, the at least one header CB associated with a header stream of each MAC SDU may form a CB group (CBG) . Similarly, the at least one data CB associated with a data stream of each MAC SDU may form a CBG, and the at least one control CB associated with a control stream of each MAC SDU may form a CBG.
[0178] In some implementations, the MAC PDU or the transport block 202 may include at least one MAC SDU. The at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a respective combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream and a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. The respective combined stream at the PHY layer may include at least one second CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the header stream and the control stream of each MAC SDU. In some implementations, the at least one CB associated with a header stream and a control stream of each MAC SDU may form a CBG. In addition, the at least one data stream at the PHY layer may include a respective data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a data stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. The respective data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB for the data stream of each MAC SDU. The at least one CB associated with a data stream of each MAC SDU may form a CBG.
[0179] In some implementations, the MAC PDU or the transport block 202 may include at least one MAC SDU. The at least one data stream at the PHY layer may include a combined data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one data stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The combined data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB formulated by combining data stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) in the transport block. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a combined header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The combined header stream at the PHY layer may include at least one second CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB formulated by combining header stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) in the transport block. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may further include a combined control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The combined control stream at the PHY layer may include at least one third CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB formulated by combining control stream (s) (if exists) of MAC SDU (s) in the transport block. In some implementations, the at least one header CB corresponding to the combined header stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) forms a CBG, the at least one data CB corresponding to the combined data stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) forms a CBG, and optionally the at least one control CB corresponding to the combined control stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) forms a CBG.
[0180] In some implementations, the MAC PDU or the transport block 202 may include at least one MAC SDU. The at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer may include a combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream and at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The combined stream at the PHY layer may include at least one second CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB formulated by combining header stream (s) and control stream (s) (if exists) of MAC SDU (s) in the transport block. In some implementations, the at least one CB corresponding to the combined header and control stream (s) forms a CBG. In addition, the at least one data stream at the PHY layer may include a combined data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one data stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU. The combined data stream at the PHY layer may include at least one first CB. In other words, the transport block may include at least one CB formulated by combining data stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) in the transport block. The at least one CB associated with a data stream of each MAC SDU may form a CBG. The at least one CB corresponding to the combined data stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) forms a CBG. In other words, when formulating the CBs for the transport block, all header streams and control streams are combined to form at least one CB, and all data streams are combined to form at least one additional CB.
[0181] In some examples, the at least one header stream may be adjacent to each other at the PHY layer. The at least one control stream may be are adjacent to each other at the PHY layer. The at least one control stream may follow after the at least one header stream in the combined stream at the PHY layer. For example, for a TB with MAC SDU#1 and MAC SDU#2, at least one CB may be formulated with the combined stream of {header stream for MAC SDU#1; header stream for MAC SDU#2; control stream for MAC SDU#1; control stream for MAC SDU#2} ; and at least one additional CB may be formulated with the combined data stream of {data stream for MAC SDU#1; data stream for MAC SDU#2} .
[0182] In some other examples, the combined stream may include at least one sub-combined stream adjacent to each other. A sub-combined stream of the at least one sub-combined stream may include a header stream and a control stream adjacent to each other and associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. For example, for a TB with MAC SDU#1 and MAC SDU#2, at least one CB may be formulated with the combined stream of {header stream for MAC SDU#1; control stream for MAC SDU#1; header stream for MAC SDU#2; control stream for MAC SDU#2} ; and at least one additional CB may be formulated with the combined data stream of {data stream for MAC SDU#1; data stream for MAC SDU#2} .
[0183] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from the second apparatus 220, information associated with at least one MAC SDU included in the transport block 202. The information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include a number of MAC SDUs included in the transport block 202. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective sizes of the at least one MAC SDU. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective starting positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block 202. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective ending positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block 202. In some implementations, the MAC layer of the second apparatus 220 may send the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU to the PHY layer of the second apparatus 220. The second apparatus 220 may then transmit the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU to the first apparatus 210. For example, the header stream associated with a MAC SDU may has a predefined size, e.g., determined based on a maximum number of header bits that can be added in each RAN layer or sub-layer. Similarly, the control stream associated with a MAC SDU may has a predefined size, e.g., determined based on a maximum number of control bits that can be added in each RAN layer or sub-layer. The first apparatus may determine positions of respective data CBs and non-data CBs based on the predefined header stream size, the predefined control stream size and the information of MAC SDUs in the transport block.
[0184] In a specific implementation, at least one CB is formulated by combining header streams of MAC SDUs in the transport block, at least one CB is formulated by combining data streams of MAC SDUs in the transport block, and at least one CB is formulated by combining control streams of MAC SDUs in the transport block. The first apparatus may determine the position of the combined header stream based on the predefined header stream size and the number of MAC SDUs in the transport block, and the at least one CB of the combined header stream may be decoded accordingly. Similarly, the position of the at least one CB formulated by combining control stream (s) of MAC SDU (s) in a transport block may be determined based on the predefined control stream size and the number of MAC SDUs in the transport block, and the at least one CB of the combined control stream may be decoded accordingly. The first apparatus may determine the position of the combined data stream after determining the position of the combined data stream, and decode the at least one CB of the combined data stream accordingly.
[0185] In another specific implementations, at least one CB is formulated by combining header streams and control streams of MAC SDUs in the transport block, and at least one CB is formulated by combining data streams of MAC SDUs in the transport block. The first apparatus may determine the position of the combined header and control stream based on the predefined header stream size, the predefined control stream size and the number of MAC SDUs in the transport block, and the at least one CB of the combined header and control stream may be decoded accordingly.
[0186] In some embodiments, the transport block 202 may include a header stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block 202. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a first predefined size. In some implementations, the transport block 202 may include a data stream associated with the MAC SDU. The data stream associated with the MAC SDU may include one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU may include at least one of the following: header information in at least one radio access network (RAN) layer or sub-layer, at least one MAC CE, or at least one data bit among data bits located before the one or more data bits. In some implementations, the first predefined size may be determined based on a sum of at least one maximum header length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer. In some examples, the header stream is at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the first predefined size for a MAC header stream.
[0187] In some embodiments, the transport block 202 may include a control stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block 202. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a second predefined size. The transport block 202 may include a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU may include one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU may include at least one of the following: control packet data unit (PDU) in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer, MAC-I information, or at least one data bit among the data bits located after the one or more data bits. In some implementations, the second predefined size may be determined based on a sum of at least one maximum control length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer. In some examples, the control stream is at the PHY layer and has a size equal to the second predefined size for a MAC control stream.
[0188] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from the second apparatus 220, stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer. For example, the second apparatus 220 may send, from each sub-layer to a neighboring low sub-layer, a packet data unit (PDU) of the sub-layer as a SDU of the neighboring low sub-layer and information associated with the PDU. The information associated with the PDU may include at least one of the following: size information of header bits in the PDU; ending position information of header bits in the PDU; starting position information of data bits in the PDU; ending position information of data bits in the PDU; starting position information of control bits in the PDU; or size information of control bits in the PDU. In some implementations, the transport block 202 is a MAC PDU sent from the MAC layer to the PHY layer. The second apparatus 220 may receive, at the PHY layer from the MAC layer, information associated with the MAC PDU, and determine stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer based on the information associated with the MAC PDU. The second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, the stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer.
[0189] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 is a UE, and the second apparatus 220 is a network entity. The UE may receive, from the network entity, scheduling information for receiving the transport block 202. The UE may determine a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream. The UE may determine a second MCS level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream. In some implementations, the scheduling information may include the first MCS level and the second MCS level. Alternatively, the scheduling information may include the first MCS level and an offset for determining the second MCS level. Alternatively, the scheduling information may include the second MCS level and an offset for determining the first MCS level. In some examples, the second MCS level for data CBs may be larger than the first MCS level for non-data CBs.
[0190] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine a first physical channel coding scheme applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream. The first apparatus 210 may determine a second physical channel coding scheme applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream. In a specific example, the first physical channel coding scheme is a polar coding scheme, and the second physical channel coding scheme is a low-density parity-check (LDCP) coding scheme.
[0191] In some embodiments, different hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) strategies may be applied to the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream. In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one non-data stream is correctly decoded from detecting a check code associated with the CB. If the first apparatus 210 determines that the non-data CB is not correctly decoded, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a HARQ negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with the CB or a CBG including the CB. In some implementations, the first apparatus 210 may omit transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with a CB or a CBG including the CB in the at least one data stream, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded. In some alternative implementations, the first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one data stream is correctly decoded and determine whether a condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled. If the CB is not correctly decoded, and the condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a HARQ NACK associated with the CB or a CBG including the CB.
[0192] In some implementations, the first apparatus 210 may determine at least one first CBG including at least one CB in the at least one non-data stream. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may determine at least one second CBG including at least one CB in the at least one data stream.
[0193] In some implementations, the first apparatus 210 may determine at least one first CBG including at least one CB in the at least one header stream. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may determine at least one second CBG including at least one CB in the at least one data stream. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may determine at least one third CBG including at least one CB in the at least one control stream.
[0194] In this way, the separate CB / CBG may be formulated for data streams and non-data streams. This enables applying different MCS level and / or different physical channel coding schemes and / or different HARQ strategies for data streams and non-data streams.
[0195] In some embodiments, at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block 202 at a MAC layer. For example, a MAC cyclic redundancy check (CRC) may be added in MAC layer for the non-data streams. For example, the MAC CRC may be implemented as a MAC CE or a MAC sub-header.
[0196] In some implementations, the transport block 202 may include at least one MAC SDU. A check code of the at least one check code at the MAC layer may be associated with one or more non-data streams, among the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer, associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. The second apparatus 220 may generate, at the MAC layer, a check code of the at least one check code based on one or more non-data streams, among the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer, associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU. In other words, a MAC CRC may be generated for the header stream and the control stream for each MAC SDU. In some examples, the first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block 202 is correctly decoded. The first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, that the transport block 202 is not correctly decoded. The first apparatus 210 may then determine, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the at least one check code. For example, based on the check code at the MAC layer associated with the MAC SDU, the first apparatus 210 may determine whether the one or more non-data streams corresponding to the MAC SDU are not correctly decoded. If the one or more non-data streams corresponding to the MAC SDU are not correctly decoded, the first apparatus 210 may then transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a HARQ NACK associated with the MAC SDU. If the one or more non-data streams corresponding to the MAC SDU are correctly decoded, the first apparatus 210 may omit transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with the MAC SDU.
[0197] In some implementations, the at least one check code may include one check code. The check code at the MAC layer may be associated with the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer. The second apparatus 220 may generate, at the MAC layer, the check code based on the at least one non-data stream of the at least one MAC SDU formulated at the MAC layer. In other words, a MAC CRC may be generated for all the header streams and control streams in the transport block. In some examples, the first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, whether the transport block 202 is correctly decoded. The first apparatus 210 may determine, at the PHY layer, that the transport block 202 is not correctly decoded. The first apparatus 210 may then determine, at the MAC layer, whether the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer is correctly decoded based on the check code. If the at least one non-data stream is not correctly decoded based on the determination according to the check code at the MAC layer, the first apparatus 210 may transmit, to the second apparatus 220, a HARQ NACK associated with the transport block 202. If the at least one non-data stream is correctly decoded based on the determination according to the check code at the MAC layer, the first apparatus 210 may omit transmitting a HARQ NACK associated with the transport block 202.
[0198] In some implementations, the transport block 202 may include at least one CB forming one CBG. In some implementations, when the first apparatus 210 determines to omit transmitting a HARQ NACK for a CB / CBG, the first apparatus 210 may transmit a HARQ ACK.
[0199] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from the second apparatus 220, information associated with at least one MAC SDU included in the transport block 202. The information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include a number of MAC SDUs included in the transport block 202. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective sizes of the at least one MAC SDU. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective starting positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block 202. Alternatively or additionally, the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU may include respective ending positions of the at least one MAC SDU in the transport block 202. In some implementations, the MAC layer of the second apparatus 220 may send the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU to the PHY layer of the second apparatus 220. The second apparatus 220 may then transmit the information associated with the at least one MAC SDU to the first apparatus 210.
[0200] In some embodiments, the transport block 202 may include a header stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block 202. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a first predefined size. In some implementations, the transport block 202 may include a data stream associated with the MAC SDU. The data stream associated with the MAC SDU may include one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The header stream associated with the MAC SDU may include at least one of the following: header information in at least one radio access network (RAN) layer or sub-layer, at least one MAC CE, or at least one data bit among data bits located before the one or more data bits. In some implementations, the first predefined size may be determined based on a sum of at least one maximum header length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer. In some examples, the header stream is at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC header size and the first predefined size for a radio link control (RLC) header stream.
[0201] In some embodiments, the transport block 202 may include a control stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block 202. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a second predefined size. The transport block 202 may include a data stream associated with the MAC SDU, and the data stream associated with the MAC SDU may include one or more data bits among data bits associated with the MAC SDU. The control stream associated with the MAC SDU may include at least one of the following: control packet data unit (PDU) in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer, MAC-I information, or at least one data bit among the data bits located after the one or more data bits. In some implementations, the second predefined size may be determined based on a sum of at least one maximum control length in at least one RAN layer or sub-layer. In some examples the control stream is at the MAC layer and has a size equal to a sum of a MAC control size and the second predefined size for a RLC control stream.
[0202] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from the second apparatus 220, stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer. For example, the second apparatus 220 may send, from each sub-layer to a neighboring low sub-layer, a packet data unit (PDU) of the sub-layer as a SDU of the neighboring low sub-layer and information associated with the PDU. The information associated with the PDU may include at least one of the following: size information of header bits in the PDU; ending position information of header bits in the PDU; starting position information of data bits in the PDU; ending position information of data bits in the PDU; starting position information of control bits in the PDU; or size information of control bits in the PDU. In some implementations, the transport block 202 may include at least one radio link control (RLC) PDU sent from a RLC layer to the MAC layer serving as at least one MAC SDU. The second apparatus 220 may receive, at the MAC layer from the RLC layer, information associated with the RLC PDU, and determine stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer based on the information associated with the RLC PDU. The second apparatus 220 may transmit, to the first apparatus 210, the stream position information of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer.
[0203] In this way, if from monitoring the MAC layer CRC, the first apparatus determines that the header stream and / or the control stream is not successfully detected, the first apparatus may feedback NACK to request the retransmission of the transport block or retransmission the header stream and / or the control stream. If the header stream and the control stream are successfully detected, even if the transport block is not successfully detected, the first apparatus may still feedback ACK to the second apparatus.
[0204] In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from a third apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding. In some examples, the first information may include at least one of the following: dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may receive, from the third apparatus, second information associated with at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding. In some examples, the second information may include at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model. In some embodiments, the first apparatus 210 may generate a model corresponding to the fourth model based on the second information and perform semantic channel decoding on data bits in the transport block 202 based on the model corresponding to the fourth model. Alternatively or additionally, the first apparatus 210 may generate a model corresponding to the second model based on the first information and perform semantic source decoding on the semantic channel decoded data bits based on the model corresponding to the second model and the first information. In some examples, the first apparatus 210 is a UE and the third apparatus 230 is a base station or a core network entity.
[0205] In some embodiments, the second apparatus 220 may receive, from a third apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding. In some examples, the first information may include at least one of the following: dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model. Alternatively or additionally, the second apparatus 220 may receive, from the third apparatus, second information associated with at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding. In some examples, the second information may include at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model. In some embodiments, the second apparatus 220 may generate a model corresponding to the first model based on the first information, and perform semantic source encoding on data bits based on the model corresponding to the first model and the first information. Alternatively or additionally, the second apparatus 220 may generate a model corresponding to the third model based on the second information, and perform semantic channel encoding on the semantic source encoded data bits based on the model corresponding to the third model. The transport block 202 may include the semantic channel encoded data bits. In some examples, the second apparatus 220 is a UE and the third apparatus 230 is a base station or a core network entity.
[0206] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of a signalling procedure 200B for model training for semantic communication in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The procedure 200B may involve a third apparatus 230 and a fourth apparatus 240. In some implementations, the third apparatus 230 may be implemented as a network entity 102 or a core network entity in the core network 106 in FIG. 1A and the fourth apparatus 240 may be implemented as the application server 118 in the packet data network 108 in FIG. 1A. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2B are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. It is to be understood that procedure 200B may further include additional blocks not shown and / or omit some shown blocks, and the scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. The process 200B may be implemented in combination with or independently from the process 200A in FIG. 2A.
[0207] As shown in FIG. 2B, the fourth apparatus 240 transmits (211) first information 212 to the third apparatus 230. The third apparatus 230 receives (213) the first information 212 from the fourth apparatus 240. The first information 212 is associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding. The third apparatus 230 obtains (214) channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a UE, and performs (215) model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information 212 and the channel state information of the channel. In this way, the semantic source encoding / decoding model and the semantic channel encoding / decoding model may be jointly trained at different network entities. The semantic channel encoding / decoding model may be trained based on the channel state information, thus improving the performance of semantic communication.
[0208] In some embodiments, the first information 212 may include at least one of the following: a dataset used associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, a dataset in a latent space, a knowledge base associated with at least one of the first model or the second model, model parameters for the first model, model parameters for the second model, a reference model used for generating the first model, or a reference model used for generating the second model.
[0209] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may generate at least one of a model corresponding to the first model or a model corresponding to the second model based on the first information 212. At least one of the third model or the fourth model is trained based on the channel state information and at least one of the model corresponding to the first model or the model corresponding to the second model.
[0210] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may perform model training on at least one of the model corresponding to the first model or the model corresponding to the second model based on at least one of the trained third model or the trained fourth model. The third apparatus 230 may transmit, to the fourth apparatus 240, updated information associated with at least one of the first model or the second model.
[0211] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may transmit, to the UE, at least one of the first information 212 and updated information associated with at least one of the first model or the second model. In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may transmit, to the UE, second information associated with at least one of the third model or the fourth model.
[0212] In some embodiments, the second information may include at least one of the following: model parameters for the third model, model parameters for the fourth model, a reference model used for generating the third model, or a reference model used for generating the fourth model.
[0213] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 may determine a change of the channel state information; and transmit updated information associated with at least one of the third model or the fourth model to the fourth apparatus.
[0214] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is a core network entity and may receive the channel state information from the network entity.
[0215] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is a core network entity, the fourth apparatus 240 is in a data network, and the first information 212 is received via a N6 interface of an interface for transmission of model information.
[0216] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is a core network entity. The third apparatus 230 may receive data from the fourth apparatus 240, perform semantic channel encoding on the data using the third model, and transmit, to the network entity, the semantic channel encoded data.
[0217] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is a core network entity. The third apparatus 230 may receive data bits from the network entity, and perform semantic channel decoding on the data using the fourth model. The third apparatus 230 may transmit, to the fourth apparatus, the semantic channel decoded data.
[0218] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is the network entity, and may receive the channel state information from the UE.
[0219] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is the network entity, the fourth apparatus 240 is in a data network, and the first information 212 is received via a core network.
[0220] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is the network entity. The third apparatus 230 may receive data from a core network, perform semantic channel encoding on the data using the third model, and generate at least one transport block 202 from the semantic channel encoded data. The third apparatus 230 may perform channel encoding on the at least one transport block 202; and transmit, to the UE, the at least one channel encoded transport block 202.
[0221] In some embodiments, the third apparatus 230 is the network entity. The third apparatus 230 may receive a transport block from the UE and obtain data bits in the transport block based on a channel decoding on the transport block. The third apparatus 230 may perform semantic channel decoding on the data using the fourth model and transmit, to the core network, the semantic channel decoded data.
[0222] In some embodiments, the process 200B may be performed in combination with the process 200A in FIG. 2A. In a specific example, the first / second model for semantic source encoding / decoding and the third / fourth model for semantic channel encoding / decoding may be trained at least at the network side and related semantic model information (e.g., parameters / models / datasets) may be transmitted to the UE. The UE may generate a counterpart of the second model for semantic source decoding and a counterpart of the fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the received semantic model information. Data flows may be processed using the first model for semantic source encoding and the third model for semantic channel encoding at the network side. After being processed in RAN layer 2, a transport block may be formulated comprising the semantic encoded data bits and header information and optionally control information. Then, the transport block may be processed at the RAN PHY layer, including physical layer encoding / decoding, rate matching, modulation / demodulation, radio resource mapping, multi-antenna mapping and other typical radio low-level functions. Then, the network may transmit the transport block to the UE. The UE may perform demodulation and physical channel decoding on the received transport block at the UE PHY layer, and then perform semantic channel decoding using the counterpart of the fourth model and semantic source decoding using the counterpart of the second model on the data bits in the transport block at a higher layer.
[0223] In another specific example, the first / second model for semantic source encoding / decoding and the third / fourth model for semantic channel encoding / decoding may be trained at least at the network side and related semantic model information (e.g., parameters / models / datasets) may be transmitted to the UE. The UE may generate a counterpart of the first model for semantic source encoding and a counterpart of the third model for semantic channel encoding based on the received semantic model information. Data flows may be processed using the counter part of the first model for semantic source encoding and the counter part of the third model for semantic channel encoding. After being processed in UE layer 2, a transport block may be formulated comprising the semantic encoded data bits and header information and optionally control information. Then, the transport block may be processed at the UE PHY layer, including physical layer encoding / decoding, rate matching, modulation / demodulation, radio resource mapping, multi-antenna mapping and other typical radio low-level functions. Then, the UE may transmit the transport block to the base station. The base station may perform demodulation and physical channel decoding on the received transport block. In some examples, the base station may perform semantic channel decoding using the fourth model on the data bits in the transport block. Alternatively, the base station may provide the data bits to the core network for performing semantic channel decoding using the fourth model. The data bits may then be transmitted to the application server for semantic source decoding using the second model.
[0224] By using the semantic channel encoder and decoder, the channel effects may be mitigated or reduced to some extent. This provides chances to optimize link adaptation strategy in MAC / PHY to reduce the transmission overhead (e.g., the parity bits) . For example, according to some embodiments of the process 200A, separate CB / CBG for data streams and non-data streams may be formulated, enabling the PHY layer to use a higher MCS level, a different PHY channel coding scheme (e.g., LDPC coding) , and a more aggressive HARQ retransmission strategy on the data streams than the non-data streams. In this way, the resource overhead may be reduced, thus improving throughout and communication performance.
[0225] Hereinafter, some example implementations of some embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 3-6B. I For ease of illustration, the examples in FIGS. 3-6B will be described for DL data processing and transmission. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are merely for illustration, without suggesting limitation. Embodiments of the present disclosure may also apply to UL data processing and transmission in similar manners.
[0226] FIG. 3 illustrates an example scheme of training a schematic (SC) source encoder and SC channel encoder in different network entities in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 3 shows a JSCC scheme with SC source encoder and SC channel encoder being trained / performed in the application server and in mobile CORE or RAN, respectively.
[0227] As shown in FIG. 3, the application server may pre-train a source encoder and decoder based on a data set or a knowledge base and assuming a predefined or indicated or perceived channel condition, for example, ideal channel without any channel impairments, channel with pre-defined SNR / SINR, long-term large-scale channel conditions or a perceived channel condition of a target UE, etc. The application server delivers information related with the SC source encoder and decoder to mobile core or RAN, e.g., the dataset itself, the dataset in the latent space (for overhead reduction) , the knowledge base, the AI model parameters for the SC source encoder / decoder, or a reference model used in the application server. Based on the obtained information, mobile CORE or RAN will reproduce the SC source encoder / decoder or mimic the SC source encoder / decoder and train the SC channel encoder / decoder jointly.
[0228] In one embodiment, it is also possible that mobile core or RAN may base on the obtained SC source encoder / decoder, the channel condition, to train an updated SC source encoder / decoder. Core or RAN may provide the update model to application server.
[0229] The rational of training SC source encoder / decoder in application server while training SC channel encoder / decoder in mobile or RAN is that it is easier and more feasible for the mobile core or RAN to obtain the dynamic channel conditions of the UE than the application server. The application server may not be able to obtain the channel status or in some cases can only perceive long-term variation of channel conditions, so it cannot track the channels as RAN or CORE can do.
[0230] In fact, such training method is in high level aligned with the concept of transfer learning in AI, which uses pre-trained models from one machine learning task or dataset to improve performance and generalizability on a related task or dataset. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide schemes where different entities are employed for different training tasks. The SC source encoder and decoder are trained in the application server and the SC channel encoder and decoder are trained in the mobile core or RAN. The semantic channel encoder and decoder in trained or re-trained in core or RAN by freezing the SC source encoder and decoder. The benefits here include meeting the dynamic scenarios and avoid extra costs on training.
[0231] Below are some details related with the structure of such training method. For the deliver information from application server to CORE or RAN edge server, the application server may deliver the trained AI model parameters of SC source encoder and decoder, and maybe together with the data set to the mobile network. In one embodiment, core or RAN may deliver update of the SC source encoder to application server. The information related with the exchange of the SC encoder / decoder can be transmitted based on standardized interface between the two entities, e.g., N6 interface in 5G as defined in TS23.501, or based on a new interface that is specifically defined for AI model parameters transmission.
[0232] Besides, after training finished, the mobile CORE or RAN will deliver AI model parameters of SC channel decoder the UE. The delivery can be through Uu interface. If the channel conditions change (based on UE feedback) , the mobile or RAN will deliver the updated AI model parameters to the UE.
[0233] In this way, a JSCC scheme is designed with SC source encoder and SC channel encoder being trained / performed in different network entities.
[0234] In an established PDU session between UE and the application server, due to the usage of SC channel encoder and decoder in mobile core or RAN, the channel effects may be already mitigated or reduced to some extent. This provides chances to optimize link adaptation strategy in RAN MAC / PHY to reduce the transmission overhead (e.g., the parity bits) . For example, the PHY layer can use higher MCS to transmit the signals since PHY layer needs to handle only the residual channel effects.
[0235] However, information bits other than the data bits (such as the header information in each RAN sub-layer, the MAC CE, the control PDUs etc. ) does not benefit from the SC channel encoder / decoder. Therefore, using aggressive link adaptation strategy are not appropriate for transmitting such signals.
[0236] Therefore, for RAN to benefit from SC channel encoder / decoder on link adaptation, it is proposed to allow different MCS level for the SC data bits and other bits in the TB. This requires formulating separate CB / CBG for data bits and other bits so that different MCS level can be scheduled / indicated for each kind of CB / CBG. Normally, the MCS level for data CB / CBG will be higher than the CB / CBG for other bits since the data bits have already benefit from SC encoder / decoder while other bits have not.
[0237] Embodiments on the link adaptation strategy regarding two cases are proposed. In Case #1, for SC, a DRB for a PDU session is restricted to carry only one QoS flow. This means a MAC PDU containing only one MAC SDU. In Case #2: for SC, a DRB for PDU session can carry multiple QoS flows. This means a MAC PDU containing more than one MAC SDU.
[0238] For Case #1, following MAC TB structure in 3GPP TS38.321, a MAC TB may contain three parts, which are named as header stream, data stream and control stream, respectively. The header stream contains those bits that are located before the data bits, including header bits in each RAN sub-layer, the MAC CE, etc. The data stream contains the data bits and are in the middle of the TB. The (optional) control stream contains those bits that are located after the data bits, including the control PDUs in each RAN sub-layer, MAC-I, etc. FIG. 4A illustrates an example structure of a MAC TB in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
[0239] In PHY layer, the header stream, the data stream and the control stream may be formed to be a first code block (header CB) , a second CB (data CB) and a third CB (control CB) respectively. The data CB may use different MCS level, or even different PHY channel coding schemes than the header CB and the control CB. For example, the header CB and control CB may use polar coding due to smaller size while the data CB uses LDPC coding.
[0240] In case of a big-size MAC TB, separate CBGs may be formed for the header stream, the data stream and the control stream respectively. For example, a header / control CBG contains at least one header / control CB and a data CBG contains at least one data CB.
[0241] To formulate each kind of CB / CBG, the RAN PHY layer should know the position of each stream. In some embodiments, to support RAN PHY layer to know this information, the RAN PHY layer may assume a predefined header stream size and control stream size in the MAC layer TB. For example, for the header stream, the size can be determined to be the sum of the maximum number of header bits that can be added in each layer / sub-layer. Similar scheme can be used to determine the size of the control stream.
[0242] As a result, the header stream in PHY may finally include the header stream in the TB and some data bits, and the control stream in PHY may finally include the control stream in the TB and some data bits. This, though, does not bring any impact on data bits in these streams since the header stream and the control stream will use more robust MCS.
[0243] In this way, the RAN PHY layer could formulate the header CB / CBG, the data CB / CBG and the control CB / CBG by adding separate CRC for each CB / CBG. RAN PHY will then perform channel encoding for each CB / CBG correspondingly and transmit the CB / CBG to UE. FIG. 4B illustrates a first example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4B, at least one header CB is formulated from the header stream, at least one data CB is formulated from the data stream, and at least one control CB is formulated from the control stream.
[0244] From UE perspective, to successfully decode each kind of CB / CBG, the UE should know the position / size of each CB / CBG and the MCS level used by each CB / CBG. In some embodiments, UE may assume a same predefined size of header stream and a same predefined size the control stream as RAN. That is, the structure in FIG. 4B also applied in UE side. In this way, the position / size of each CB / CBG can be determined. No additional signaling is needed to indicate the UE regarding the size of each stream.
[0245] Regarding MCS, two MCS levels may be determined, one for header / control CB / CBG and the other for data CB / CBG. The two MCS levels are indicated to the UE separately, or one MCS level is indicated and the other is determined based an indicated MCS offset.
[0246] In some embodiments, bit re-arrangement in PHY or MAC for a MAC layer TB may be performed. The control stream or the data stream are re-arranged to locate nearby with each other, so that a single CB / CBG can be formed for the two streams. FIG. 4C illustrates a second example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4C, at least one CB is formulated from the header stream and the control stream, and at least one data CB is formulated from the data stream. Based on the bit rearrangement in PHY layer or MAC layer, the PHY channel encoding / decoding efforts may be reduced.
[0247] From UE side, UE could know the size of the combined stream in RAN PHY by using a same size of header / control stream as in RAN. In this way, UE could decode each CB correspondingly. No additional signaling is needed to indicate the UE regarding the size of each stream.
[0248] For Case #2 with multiple MAC SDUs in a MAC TB, RAN PHY cannot know the size of each MAC SDU and correspondingly not know the starting position of each MAC SDU except the first one. As a result, RAN PHY cannot formulate CB / CBG for each MAC SDU using the solutions for Case #1 directly. To handle this issue, one solution is to have RAN MAC layer providing information to RAN PHY, for PHY to determine CB / CBG for each stream. For example, RAN MAC indicates the number of MAC SDUs and the size or the starting of each MAC SDU to RAN PHY. With this information, RAN PHY can formulate header / control CB / CBG and data CB / CBG for each MAC SDU, by assuming a predefined size for the header / control stream, similar as performed for Case #1.
[0249] FIG. 4D illustrates a third example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. In FIG. 4D, CB formulation is performed on a MAC TB contains two MAC SDUs. At least one header CB is formulated from each header stream, at least one data CB is formulated from each data stream, and at least one control CB is formulated each the control stream.
[0250] To reduce the channel encoding / decoding effort in RAN and UE, bit re-arrangement in PHY or MAC layer could be used to reduce the number CB / CBGs. As one embodiment, the header streams of each MAC SDU are re-arranged to be located nearby with each other so that a single combined header stream is formed and a single header CB / CBG is formulated for such combined header stream. Similarly, a combined control stream can be formed and a single control CB / CBG is formulated for the combined control stream. This results in totally three kinds of CB / CBGs for the TB, i.e., a header CB / CBG, a control CB / CBG and a data CB / CBG, similar with the structure in FIG. 4B. In this way, the PHY channel encoding / decoding efforts are reduced. FIG. 4E illustrates a fourth example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4E, at least one header CB is formulated from the combined header stream, at least one data CB is formulated from the combined data stream, and at least one control CB is formulated from the combined control stream. Based on the bit rearrangement in PHY layer or MAC layer, the PHY channel encoding / decoding efforts may be reduced.
[0251] RAN MAC may indicate RAN PHY regarding the number of MAC SDUs in the TB.Based on this information, RAN PHY can determine the size of the combined header stream to be (the number of MAC SDUs *a predefined size of header stream for a MAC SDU) , and determine the size of the combined control stream to be (the number of MAC SDUs *a predefined size of control stream for a MAC SDU) . Similarly, UE should be indicated the number of MAC SDUs in the TB. The indication could be in the scheduling DCI for the TB. UE can determine the size of the combined header stream to be (the number of MAC SDUs *a predefined size of header stream for a MAC SDU) , and determine the size of the combined control stream to be (the number of MAC SDUs *a predefined size of control stream for a MAC SDU) . In this way, UE could decode each CB correspondingly.
[0252] As another embodiment, the combined header stream and the combined control stream for each MAC SDU may be re-arranged to be nearby with each other, and a single CB / CBG can be formulated for the two streams. Figure 11 shows an example. A combined stream in PHY contains all the header streams and the control streams for each MAC SDU. A single CB is formulated for the combined stream and O-CRC is generated for the CB. FIG. 4F illustrates a fifth example scheme of formulating separate CBs for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 4F, at least one CB is formulated from a combined stream comprising the header streams and the control streams, and at least one data CB is formulated from the combined data stream. Based on the bit rearrangement in PHY layer or MAC layer, the PHY channel encoding / decoding efforts may be reduced. In this way, only two kind of CB / CBGs are formulated so the decoding efforts are reduced.
[0253] From UE side, UE should be indicated the number of MAC SDUs in the TB. The indication could be in the scheduling DCI for the TB. UE can determine the size of the combined stream to be (the number of MAC SDUs * (a predefined size of header stream for a MAC SDU + a predefined size of control stream for a MAC SDU) ) . In this way, UE could decode each CB correspondingly. Alternatively, UE may be indicated with the size of the combined stream directly. In this way, the UE assumes a predefined header stream size and a predefined control stream size.
[0254] In some embodiments, to let PHY layer know the exact size of the header bits, an inter-layer / sub-layer signalling may be introduced, that each higher layer / sub-layer indicates the neighbouring low layer / sub-layer regarding the size of the header streams in each layer / sub-layer and the size of control stream in each layer / sub-layer in the SDU or indicates the position of the data bits in the SDU. Then finally the PHY layer can know the size of header streams, the size of control streams, and / or the positions and the size of the data bits. Then the RAN PHY layer can formulate header CB / CBG, control CB / CBG and data CB / CBG and perform PHY layer encoding for each CB / CBG. FIG. 5 illustrates an example scheme of inter-layer / sub-layer signaling for header stream size in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, the SDAP layer may add a SDAP header to the SDAP SDU and indicate the size of the SDAP header H0 to the PDCP layer when sending the SDAP PDU to the PDCP layer. The SDAP PDU including the SDAP SDU and the SDAP header form the PDCH SDU. The PDCH layer may add a PDCH header to the PDCH SDU and indicate the total size of the SDAP header and the PDCH header H0+H1 to the RLC layer when sending the PDCH PDU to the RLC layer. The PDCH PDU including the PDCH SDU and the PDCH header form the RLC SDU. The RLC layer may add a RLC header to the RLC SDU and indicate the total size of the SDAP header, the PDCH header and the RLC header H0+H1+H2 to the MAC layer when sending the RLC PDU to the MAC layer. The RLC PDU including the RLC SDU and the RLC header form the MAC SDU. The MAC layer may add a MAC header to the MAC SDU and indicate the total size of the SDAP header, the PDCH header, the RLC header and the MAC header H0+H1+H2+H3 to the PHY layer when sending the MAC PDU to the PHY layer. The MAC PDU including the MAC SDU and the MAC header form the MAC TB. The PHY layer may then determine the exact size of the header stream in the TB. The control stream size may be indicated through inter-layer / sub-layer signalling similarly.
[0255] In this way, separate PHY link adaptation strategies for data bits and non-data bits in a SC TB are achieved.
[0256] Due to the target of exchange of meaning between transceivers, semantic communication allows a certain extent of bit in-exact transmission. This provides chances to optimize the HARQ retransmission of the TBs. However, the header stream and the control stream in a MAC TB do not benefit from the SC channel encoder / decoder. Therefore, using aggressive HARQ retransmission strategy is not appropriate for the transmission of such signals.
[0257] For RAN to benefit from SC channel encoder / decoder on HARQ, different HARQ strategies may be applied for data streams and header / control streams.
[0258] In some embodiments, based on the CB formulation structures for link adaptation (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 4B-4F) , in RAN PHY layer, data CB / CBG and non-data CB / CBG (including header CB / CBG, control CB / CBG, or combined CB / CBG) are formulated with separate CRC being generated for each CB / CBG. Different HARQ strategies can be used for the data CB / CBG and non-data CB / CBG.
[0259] In one implementation, UE may feedback HARQ-Ack for each of the non-data CB / CBG while not feedback HARQ-ACK for the data CB / CBG. For example, if from detecting the header CRC, UE determines that a header CB / CBG is not correctly decoded, UE shall feedback NACK for the CB / CBG to require retransmitting the header CB / CBG.
[0260] In another implementation, UE may also feedback HARQ-ACK for data CB / CBG if certain conditions are met. For example, if from detecting the data CRC in a predefined / configured time window, the number of data CB / CBGs that are not correctly decoded is beyond a predefined threshold, UE will feedback NACK for the data CB / CBG to require retransmission.
[0261] In some alternative embodiments, CRC may be introduced in RAN MAC layer for the header stream and / or control stream, in a form of a MAC CE or a MAC sub-header, for the UE to determine whether the non-data bits in the TB have been successfully detected. The MAC CE with CRC, the header stream, the data stream and the control stream construct the MAC layer TB.
[0262] From UE point of view, in the MAC layer if from monitoring the MAC layer CRC, UE determines that header stream and / or the control stream is not successfully detected, UE may feedback NACK to request the retransmission of the TB or retransmission the header stream and / or the control stream. If the header stream and the control stream are successfully detected, even if the TB is not successfully detected, UE may still feedback ACK to BS.
[0263] Regarding the MAC layer CRC, in one embodiment, a CRC is generated for the header stream and the control stream for each MAC SDU. FIG. 6A illustrates a first example scheme of applying separate HARQ schemes for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6A, a CRC is generated for the header stream and control stream in MAC SDU#1; and another CRC is generated for the header stream and control stream in MAC SDU#2. The UE in PHY layer may decode the TB. If the UE finds the TB is not correctly detected, the UE in MAC layer determines whether the header stream and control stream for each MAC SDU is correctly detected based on the corresponding MAC CRC for each MAC SDU. If the header stream and control stream for a MAC SDU is not correctly detected, the UE feedback HARQ-NACK for the MAC SDU or for the TB. If the header stream and control stream for each MAC SDU is correctly detected, the UE feedback HARQ-ACK for each MAC SDU or for the TB.
[0264] In another embodiment, a CRC is generated for all the header streams and control streams for each MAC SDU. FIG. 6B illustrates a second example scheme of applying separate HARQ schemes for data streams and non-data streams in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 6B, a CRC is generated for the header streams and control streams in MAC SDU#1 and in MAC SDU#2. The UE in PHY layer may decode the TB. If the UE finds the TB is not correctly detected, the UE in MAC layer determines whether the header streams and control streams in the TB are correctly detected based on the MAC CRC. If the header streams and control streams in the TB are correctly detected, the UE feedback HARQ-ACK for the TB. If the header streams and the control streams in the TB is not correctly detected, the UE feedback HARQ-NACK for the TB.
[0265] In this way, separate HARQ schemes may be applied for data bits and non-data bits in a SC TB. Similarly, the RAN MAC layer may assume a predefined size for the sizes of the header stream and the control stream, or determine the exact sizes of the header stream and the control stream based on the indication from upper layers, as shown in FIG. 5.
[0266] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device 700 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be an example of a first apparatus 210 or a second apparatus 220 or a third apparatus 230 as described herein. The device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more first apparatuses 210 or second apparatuses 220 or third apparatuses 230, or any combination thereof. The device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I / O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0267] The processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
[0268] In some implementations, the processor 702, the memory 704, the transceiver 706, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 702 and the memory 704 coupled with the processor 702 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 702, instructions stored in the memory 704) .
[0269] For example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0270] In another example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0271] In another example, the processor 702 may support wireless communication at the device 700 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 702 may be configured to operable to support a means for receiving, from a fourth apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding; a means for obtaining channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a user equipment (UE) ; and a means for performing model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information and the channel state information of the channel.
[0272] The processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702. The processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
[0273] The memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0274] The I / O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700. The I / O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. In some implementations, the I / O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 706. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 700 via the I / O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 708.
[0275] In some implementations, the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 706 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 710 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 710. The transceiver 706 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
[0276] A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 710 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
[0277] A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
[0278] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a processor 800 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 800 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may include a controller 802 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 800 may optionally include at least one memory 804, such as L1 / L2 / L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 800 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 806. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
[0279] The processor 800 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
[0280] The controller 802 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations of a base station in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 802 may operate as a control unit of the processor 800, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 800. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
[0281] The controller 802 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 804 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 802 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 804. The controller 802 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 802 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 800 to cause the processor 800 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 802 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 800. The controller 802 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 800.
[0282] The memory 804 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 800 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 804 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the memory 804 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 800) .
[0283] The memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 800, cause the processor 800 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 802 and / or the processor 800 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 804 to cause the processor 800 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 800 and / or the controller 802 may be coupled with or to the memory 804, and the processor 800, the controller 802, and the memory 804 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 800 may include multiple processors and the memory 804 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
[0284] The one or more ALUs 806 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 806 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 800) . One or more ALUs 806 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 806 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 806 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 806 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 806 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
[0285] For example, the processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0286] In another example, the processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
[0287] In another example, the processor 800 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The processor 800 may be configured to or operable to support a means for receiving, from a fourth apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding; a means for obtaining channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a user equipment (UE) ; and a means for performing model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information and the channel state information of the channel.
[0288] FIG. 9 illustrates a flowchart of a method 900 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 900 may be performed by the first apparatus 210 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0289] At 905, the method may include receiving, from a second apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer. The operations of 905 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 905 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0290] FIG. 10 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1000 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by the second apparatus 220 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0291] At 1005, the method may include transmitting, to a first apparatus, a transport block, wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; or wherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0292] FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports mechanism for data processing and transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by the third apparatus 230 as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0293] At 1105, the method may include receiving, from a fourth apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0294] At 1110, the method may include obtaining channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a user equipment (UE) . The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0295] At 1115, the method may include performing model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information and the channel state information of the channel. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
[0296] It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0297] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
[0298] The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0299] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
[0300] As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.
[0301] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A first apparatus, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:receive, via the transceiver from a second apparatus, a transport block;wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; orwherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.2.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine stream positions of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer;determine CBs in the transport block based on the stream positions; andperform channel decoding on the determined CBs.3.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC service data unit (SDU) , the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a data stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.4.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 3, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.5.The first apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer further comprises a respective control stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective control stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one third CB.6.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 3, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a respective combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to a header stream and a control stream associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU, the respective combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.7.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined data stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one data stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one first CB.8.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 7, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined header stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined header stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.9.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 7, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises a combined stream at the PHY layer corresponding to at least one header stream and at least one control stream associated with the at least one MAC SDU, the combined stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one second CB.10.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first apparatus is a user equipment (UE) , and the second apparatus is a network entity, the processor is further configured to:receive, via the transceiver from the network entity, scheduling information for receiving the transport block;determine a first modulation and coding scheme (MCS) level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one non-data stream; anddetermine a second MCS level from the scheduling information applied on at least one CB corresponding to the at least one data stream.11.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one non-data stream is correctly decoded from detecting a check code associated with the CB; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the second apparatus, a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) negative acknowledgement (NACK) associated with the CB or a CB group (CBG) comprising the CB, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded.12.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to:determine, at the PHY layer, whether a CB in the at least one data stream is correctly decoded;determine whether a condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled; andtransmit, via the transceiver to the second apparatus, a HARQ NACK associated with the CB or a CBG comprising the CB, wherein the CB is not correctly decoded, and the condition for data stream retransmission is fulfilled.13.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transport block comprises at least one MAC SDU, and a check code of the at least one check code at the MAC layer is associated with one or more non-data streams, among the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer, associated with one of the at least one MAC SDU.14.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one check code comprises one check code, and the check code at the MAC layer is associated with the at least one non-data stream at the MAC layer.15.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the transport block comprises a header stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block;wherein the header stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a first predefined size.16.The first apparatus of claim 1 or 15, wherein the transport block comprises a control stream associated with one of at least one MAC SDU within the transport block,wherein the control stream associated with the MAC SDU has a size associated with a second predefined size.17.The first apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to at least one of:receive, via the transceiver from a third apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding; orreceive, via the transceiver from the third apparatus, second information associated with at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding.18.A second apparatus, comprising:a processor; anda transceiver coupled to the processor,wherein the processor is configured to:transmit, via the transceiver to a first apparatus, a transport block;wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; orwherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.19.A third apparatus, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the third apparatus to:receive, from a fourth apparatus, first information associated with at least one of a first model for semantic source encoding or a second model for semantic source decoding;obtain channel state information of a channel between a network entity and a user equipment (UE) ; andperform model training on at least one of a third model for semantic channel encoding or a fourth model for semantic channel decoding based on the first information and the channel state information of the channel.20.A processor for wireless communication, comprising:at least one memory; anda controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the controller to:receive, from a second apparatus, a transport block;wherein the transport block comprises at least one data stream and at least one non-data stream at a physical (PHY) layer, and each of the at least one data stream and the at least one non-data stream at the PHY layer comprises at least one code block (CB) ; orwherein at least one check code is associated with at least one non-data stream of the transport block at a medium access control (MAC) layer.
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