Method and apparatus for dynamically determining contention resource of ambient internet of things device

Abstract

Provided are a method and apparatus for operation of a terminal in a wireless communication system. The terminal receives, from a reader, contention resource information in slot units, and configures at least one slot on the basis of the received contention resource information. In addition, when n (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) consecutive slots located immediately before a corresponding slot are idle slots with respect to the at least one configured slot, the terminal transmits a first message to the reader by using a contention resource allocated to the corresponding slot. Alternatively, the first message is transmitted to the reader by using a contention resource allocated to a specific slot regardless of the at least one configured slot, wherein the specific slot is a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

Description

Method and device for dynamically determining competing resources of ambient Internet of Things devices

[0001] This specification relates to wireless communications applicable to 5G NR, 5G-Advanced and 6G.

[0002] As more and more communication devices demand ever-increasing communication traffic, the need for next-generation 5G systems, which offer enhanced wireless broadband communication capabilities over existing LTE systems, is growing. This next-generation 5G system, known as NewRAT, differentiates communication scenarios into Enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB), Ultra-reliability and low-latency communication (URLLC), and Massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC).

[0003] Here, eMBB is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as High Spectrum Efficiency, High User Experienced Data Rate, and High Peak Data Rate; URLLC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Ultra Reliable, Ultra Low Latency, and Ultra High Availability (e.g., V2X, Emergency Service, and Remote Control); and mMTC is a next-generation mobile communication scenario with characteristics such as Low Cost, Low Energy, Short Packet, and Massive Connectivity (e.g., IoT (Internet of Things)).

[0004] An object of the present specification is to provide a method and apparatus for dynamically determining competing resources of an ambient Internet of Things device in a wireless communication system.

[0005] One embodiment of the present specification provides a method in a wireless communication system, wherein a terminal receives slot-based contention resource information from a reader and sets at least one slot based on the received contention resource information. Then, if n consecutive slots (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) located immediately before the at least one set slot are idle slots, the terminal transmits a first message to the reader using the contention resources allocated to the slot. Alternatively, the terminal transmits the first message to the reader using the contention resources allocated to a specific slot regardless of the at least one set slot, wherein the specific slot is a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

[0006] In addition, one embodiment of the present specification provides a wireless communication system, comprising at least one processor, and at least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connectable to the at least one processor, wherein the operation performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor is: receiving slot-based contention resource information from a reader, and setting at least one slot based on the received contention resource information. Then, for at least one set slot, if n consecutive slots (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) located immediately before the slot are idle slots, a first message is transmitted to the reader using the contention resource assigned to the slot. Alternatively, regardless of the at least one set slot, the terminal provides a terminal that transmits the first message to the reader using the contention resource assigned to a specific slot, wherein the specific slot is a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

[0007] The above leader may be a base station or an intermediate terminal, and the idle slot may be a slot that is not occupied for transmission from the terminal and at least one peripheral terminal.

[0008] Additionally, the first message may be an initial message defined within a random access procedure.

[0009] Meanwhile, the n consecutive slots may be determined based on at least one of a counter and a timer. Furthermore, at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer may be received from the leader. Here, at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer may be received via a second message together with the contention resource information, or via a third message indicating the start of at least one of a round and a session for transmitting the first message. The third message may be a paging message.

[0010] The above instructions can be received via an R2D (Reader-to-Device) trigger message.

[0011] According to the disclosure of this specification, a method is provided for appropriately allocating the entire slot resources to a terminal (e.g., an IoT device) that transmits data using the Slotted ALOHA method in a wireless communication system, even when the reader cannot know the total number of terminals using competing resources.

[0012] In addition, if an excessive number of slot resources are allocated compared to the number of terminals, this can be quickly recognized and the round can be quickly terminated or the slot resources can be newly adjusted, thereby early identifying the excessive size of slot resources compared to the number of terminals and reducing the total number of idle slots.

[0013] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

[0014] Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0015] Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

[0016] Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0017] Figure 5 illustrates an example of subframe types in NR.

[0018] Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0019] Figure 7 shows an example of an AS (Access Stratum) procedure between an ambient IoT device and a reader.

[0020] Figures 8a to 8e illustrate examples of connectivity topologies for ambient IoT networks and devices.

[0021] Figures 9a and 9b illustrate an example of a random access procedure of RFID.

[0022] Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0023] FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining the operation of a terminal using a counter according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0024] Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0025] FIGS. 13a and 13b are diagrams for explaining the operation of a terminal using a timer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0026] Fig. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0027] FIGS. 15A and 15B are drawings for explaining the operation of a terminal using a pointer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0028] Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0029] Figure 17 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0030] Fig. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0031] Figure 19 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

[0032] FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing in detail the transmitter / receiver of the first device illustrated in FIG. 17 or the transmitter / receiver unit of the device illustrated in FIG. 18.

[0033] It should be noted that the technical terms used in this specification are used merely to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the contents of this specification. In addition, unless specifically defined otherwise herein, the technical terms used in this specification should be interpreted as having a meaning generally understood by those skilled in the art to which this specification pertains, and should not be interpreted in an excessively broad or narrow sense. In addition, if a technical term used in this specification is an incorrect technical term that does not accurately express the contents and ideas of this specification, it should be replaced with a technical term that can be correctly understood by a person skilled in the art. In addition, general terms used in this specification should be interpreted according to their dictionary definitions or according to the preceding and following context, and should not be interpreted in an excessively narrow sense.

[0034] Additionally, the singular expressions used herein include plural expressions unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. In this application, terms such as "consist of" or "have" should not be construed to necessarily include all of the components or steps described in the specification, and should be construed to mean that some of the components or steps may not be included, or that additional components or steps may be included.

[0035] Additionally, terms including ordinal numbers, such as "first" and "second," used herein may be used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, a first component could be referred to as a second component, and similarly, a second component could also be referred to as a first component.

[0036] When a component is referred to as being connected or connected to another component, it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but there may also be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being directly connected or connected to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0037] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Regardless of the drawing reference numerals, identical or similar components will be given the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted. In addition, when describing the contents of this specification, if a detailed description of a related known technology is judged to obscure the gist of this specification, the detailed description thereof will be omitted. In addition, it should be noted that the attached drawings are only intended to make the contents and ideas of this specification easily understandable, and should not be construed as limiting the contents and ideas of this specification by the attached drawings. The contents and ideas of this specification should be construed to extend to all changes, equivalents, and substitutes other than the attached drawings.

[0038] In this specification, “A or B” can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, “A or B” in this specification can be interpreted as “A and / or B.” For example, “A, B or C” in this specification can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B, and C.”

[0039] As used herein, a slash ( / ) or a comma can mean "and / or." For example, "A / B" can mean "A and / or B." Accordingly, "A / B" can mean "only A," "only B," or "both A and B." For example, "A, B, C" can mean "A, B, or C."

[0040] In this specification, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” Additionally, in this specification, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and / or B” may be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B.”

[0041] Additionally, in this specification, “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and / or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”

[0042] Additionally, parentheses used in this specification may mean “for example.” Specifically, when “control information (PDCCH)” is indicated, “PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” In other words, “control information” in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH,” and “PDDCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information.” Furthermore, even when indicated as “control information (i.e., PDCCH),” “PDCCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information.”

[0043] Technical features individually described in a single drawing in this specification may be implemented individually or simultaneously.

[0044] Although the attached drawing illustrates a UE (User Equipment) as an example, the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, ME (Mobile Equipment), etc. In addition, the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, mobile phone, PDA, smart phone, multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or vehicle-mounted device.

[0045] Hereinafter, the term "UE" is used as an example of a device capable of wireless communication (e.g., a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device). The operations performed by the UE can be performed by any device capable of wireless communication. A device capable of wireless communication may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device.

[0046] The term base station used below generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and can be used as a comprehensive term that includes eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, gNB (Next generation NodeB), RRH (remote radio head), TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), relay, etc.

[0047] Although this specification describes embodiments using LTE systems, LTE-A systems, and NR systems, these embodiments may be applied to any communication system falling within the above definitions.

[0048] Wireless Communication System

[0049] Building on the success of LTE (long term evolution) / LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) for 4th generation mobile communications, commercialization of the next generation, or 5th generation (so-called 5G) mobile communications, and follow-up research are also ongoing.

[0050] The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) defines 5G mobile communications as providing data transfer speeds of up to 20 Gbps and a perceived transmission speed of at least 100 Mbps everywhere. Its official name is "IMT-2020."

[0051] ITU proposes three usage scenarios: eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications).

[0052] URLLC addresses usage scenarios that require high reliability and low latency. For example, services such as autonomous driving, factory automation, and augmented reality require high reliability and low latency (e.g., sub-1ms). Current 4G (LTE) latency is statistically 21-43ms (best 10%) and 33-75ms (median). This is insufficient to support services requiring sub-1ms latency. Next, eMBB usage scenarios address usage scenarios that require mobile ultra-wideband.

[0053] In other words, the 5th generation mobile communication system can support higher capacity than the current 4G LTE, increase the density of mobile broadband users, and support D2D (Device to Device), high reliability, and MTC (Machine-type communication). 5G research and development also aims for lower latency and lower battery consumption than 4G mobile communication systems to better implement the Internet of Things. For this 5G mobile communication, a new radio access technology (New RAT or NR) may be proposed.

[0054] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2). The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below. For convenience of explanation, among the frequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 can mean the “sub 6 GHz range”, and FR2 can mean the “above 6 GHz range” and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).

[0055] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier SpacingFR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0056] The numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system can be changed. For example, FR1 can include a band from 410 MHz to 7125 MHz, as shown in Table 1. That is, FR1 can include frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.). For example, the frequency bands above 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) included within FR1 can include unlicensed bands. Unlicensed bands can be used for various purposes, such as for communications for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0057] Meanwhile, 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements that carry information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements that are used by the physical layer but do not carry information originating from upper layers. For example, the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), physical broadcast channel (PBCH), physical multicast channel (PMCH), physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and reference signals and synchronization signals are defined as downlink physical signals. A reference signal (RS), also referred to as a pilot, is a signal with a special predefined waveform known to the gNB and the UE. For example, cell specific RS, UE-specific RS (UE-RS), positioning RS (PRS), and channel state information RS (CSI-RS) are defined as downlink reference signals. The 3GPP LTE / LTE-A standard defines uplink physical channels corresponding to resource elements carrying information originating from higher layers, and uplink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from higher layers.For example, a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels, and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control / data signals and a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.

[0058] In this specification, PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control CHannel) / PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel) / PHICH ((Physical Hybrid automatic retransmit request Indicator CHannel) / PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry DCI (Downlink Control Information) / CFI (Control Format Indicator) / downlink ACK / NACK (ACKnowlegement / Negative ACK) / downlink data, respectively. In addition, PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control CHannel) / PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared CHannel) / PRACH (Physical Random Access CHannel) mean a set of time-frequency resources or a set of resource elements that carry UCI (Uplink Control Information) / uplink data / random access signals, respectively.

[0059] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.

[0060] As can be seen from FIG. 1, the wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into a gNodeB (or gNB) (20a) and an eNodeB (or eNB) (20b). The gNB (20a) supports 5th generation mobile communications. The eNB (20b) supports 4th generation mobile communications, i.e., long term evolution (LTE).

[0061] Each base station (20a and 20b) provides communication services for a specific geographic area (commonly referred to as a cell) (20-1, 20-2, 20-3). The cell may be further divided into multiple areas (referred to as sectors).

[0062] A UE (user equipment) typically belongs to a single cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell. The base station that provides communication services for the serving cell is called a serving base station (BS). Since the wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. These other cells adjacent to the serving cell are called neighbor cells. The base station that provides communication services to the neighbor cell is called a neighbor BS. The serving cell and neighbor cells are determined relative to the UE.

[0063] Hereinafter, downlink refers to communication from a base station (20) to a UE (10), and uplink refers to communication from a UE (10) to a base station (20). In downlink, the transmitter may be part of the base station (20), and the receiver may be part of the UE (10). In uplink, the transmitter may be part of the UE (10), and the receiver may be part of the base station (20).

[0064] Meanwhile, wireless communication systems can be broadly divided into frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). In FDD, uplink and downlink transmissions occupy different frequency bands and occur at different times. In TDD, uplink and downlink transmissions occupy the same frequency band but occur at different times. The channel response in TDD is essentially reciprocal, meaning that the downlink and uplink channel responses are nearly identical in a given frequency range. Therefore, in TDD-based wireless communication systems, the downlink channel response can be derived from the uplink channel response. In TDD, uplink and downlink transmissions are time-divided across the entire frequency band, so downlink transmission by the base station and uplink transmission by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously. In TDD systems, where uplink and downlink transmissions are divided into subframes, uplink and downlink transmissions are performed in different subframes.

[0065] Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.

[0066] In NR, uplink and downlink transmissions are structured as frames. A radio frame is 10ms long and is defined by two 5ms half-frames (HF). Each half-frame is defined by five 1ms subframes (SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols, depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols), SC-FDMA symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM symbols).

[0067] Support for various numerologies

[0068] In NR systems, multiple numerologies may be provided to terminals as wireless communication technologies advance. For example, an SCS of 15 kHz supports a wide area in traditional cellular bands. An SCS of 30 kHz / 60 kHz supports dense urban environments, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth. An SCS of 60 kHz or higher supports a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz to overcome phase noise.

[0069] The above numerology can be defined by the cycle prefix (CP) length and subcarrier spacing (SCS). A single cell can provide multiple numerologies to a terminal. When the numerology index is represented by μ, each subcarrier spacing and the corresponding CP length can be as shown in the table below.

[0070] μ△f=2 μ 15 [kHz]CP015 General 130 General 260 General, Extended 3120 General 4240 General 5480 General 6960 General

[0071] For general CP, when the index of the numerology is represented by μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,μ slot ) is as shown in the table below.

[0072] μ△f=2 μ 15 [kHz]N slot symb N frame,μ slot N subframe,μ slot 015141011301420226014404312014808424014160165480143203269601464064

[0073] For extended CP, when the index of the numerology is represented by μ, the number of OFDM symbols per slot (N slot symb ), number of slots per frame (N frame,μ slot ) and the number of slots per subframe (N subframe,μ slot ) is as shown in the table below.

[0074] μSCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,μ slot N subframe,μslot 260KHz (u=2)12404

[0075] In an NR system, OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) may be set differently between multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., SF, slot, or TTI) (conveniently referred to as TU (Time Unit)) consisting of the same number of symbols may be set differently between the merged cells.

[0076] Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.

[0077] Referring to FIG. 3a, the UE is connected to an LTE / LTE-A-based cell and an NR-based cell in a DC (dual connectivity) manner.

[0078] The above NR-based cell is connected to the core network for existing 4th generation mobile communication, i.e. Evolved Packet Core (EPC).

[0079] Referring to FIG. 3b, unlike FIG. 3a, the LTE / LTE-A-based cell is connected to a core network for 5th generation mobile communication, i.e., a 5G core network.

[0080] A service method based on an architecture as illustrated in Figures 3a and 3b above is called NSA (non-standalone).

[0081] Referring to Figure 3c, the UE is connected only to NR-based cells. A service method based on this architecture is called SA (standalone).

[0082] Meanwhile, in the above NR, it may be considered that reception from the base station utilizes a downlink subframe, and transmission to the base station utilizes an uplink subframe. This method can be applied to paired and unpaired spectrums. A pair of spectrums means that two carrier spectrums are included for downlink and uplink operations. For example, in a pair of spectrums, one carrier may include a downlink band and an uplink band that are paired with each other.

[0083] Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0084] A slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot contains 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot contains 12 symbols. A carrier contains multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. An RB (Resource Block) is defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A BWP (Bandwidth Part) is defined as multiple consecutive (physical, P)RBs in the frequency domain, and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A terminal can be configured with up to N (e.g., 4) BWPs in the downlink and uplink, respectively. Downlink or uplink transmission is performed through an activated BWP, and at a given time, only one BWP among the BWPs configured for the terminal can be activated. In the resource grid, each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.

[0085] Figure 5 illustrates an example of subframe types in NR.

[0086] The transmission time interval (TTI) illustrated in FIG. 5 may be referred to as a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) of FIG. 5 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay. As illustrated in FIG. 5, a subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols. The symbols in the front of the subframe (or slot) may be used for a downlink (DL) control channel, and the symbols in the back of the subframe (or slot) may be used for an uplink (UL) control channel. The remaining symbols may be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlink transmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Therefore, downlink data may be received within a subframe (or slot), and an uplink acknowledgment (ACK / NACK) may be transmitted within the subframe (or slot).

[0087] The structure of these subframes (or slots) can be called self-contained subframes (or slots).

[0088] Specifically, the first N symbols in a slot are used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbols in the slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, UL control region). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. A resource region (hereinafter, data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. For example, a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can be transmitted in the DL control region, and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted in the DL data region. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be transmitted in the UL control region, and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) can be transmitted in the UL data region.

[0089] Using this subframe (or slot) structure has the advantage of minimizing the final data transmission latency by reducing the time required to retransmit data that has experienced reception errors. In this self-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap may be required during the transition from transmit mode to receive mode or from receive mode to transmit mode. To this end, some OFDM symbols during the transition from DL to UL in the subframe structure can be designated as a guard period (GP).

[0090] Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.

[0091] In an NR system, a frame is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel can all be included within a single slot. For example, the first N symbols within a slot can be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a DL control region), and the last M symbols within a slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a UL control region). N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0. The resource region (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL ​​data transmission or UL data transmission. As an example, the following configuration can be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.

[0092] 1. DL only configuration

[0093] 2. UL only configuration

[0094] 3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

[0095] - DL area + GP (Guard Period) + UL control area

[0096] - DL control area + GP + UL area

[0097] DL area: (i) DL data area, (ii) DL control area + DL data area

[0098] UL domain: (i) UL data domain, (ii) UL data domain + UL control domain

[0099] In the DL control region, a PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data region, a PDSCH can be transmitted. In the UL control region, a PUCCH can be transmitted, and in the UL data region, a PUSCH can be transmitted. In the PDCCH, downlink control information (DCI), for example, DL data scheduling information, UL data scheduling information, etc., can be transmitted. In the PUCCH, uplink control information (UCI), for example, ACK / NACK (Positive Acknowledgement / Negative Acknowledgement) information for DL ​​data, CSI (Channel State Information) information, SR (Scheduling Request), etc., can be transmitted. GP provides a time gap when a base station and a terminal switch from transmission mode to reception mode or when switching from reception mode to transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set as GP.

[0100] Figure 7 shows an example of an AS (Access Stratum) procedure between an ambient IoT device and a reader.

[0101] Referring to FIG. 7, the overall AS (Access Stratum) procedure between an ambient IoT (A-IoT) device and a reader is described below.

[0102] Step A: A-IoT Paging (S701)

[0103] In response to a service request, the leader transmits an A-IoT paging message indicating the device requiring a response. Here, the A-IoT paging message can be used synonymously with the initial trigger message.

[0104] Step B: Device-to-Reader (D2R) Data Transfer (S702-S703)

[0105] An A-IoT device triggered by paging can transmit its device identifier (ID) to the leader, either by performing an A-IoT random access procedure or without performing the procedure. D2R data is then transmitted to the leader.

[0106] Step C1: R2D (Reader-to-Device) Data Transfer (S704)

[0107] Optionally, the leader can transmit data, including commands, to the device.

[0108] Step C2: D2R Data Transfer (S705)

[0109] Optionally, the device may transmit response data to the above command to the reader.

[0110] These procedures can support the following A-IoT use cases:

[0111] Inventory-only: Can be supported through a procedure consisting of Step A and Step B.

[0112] Inventory and Command: This can be supported through a procedure that includes steps A, B, C1, and C2. Note that the A-IoT paging message may not contain both inventory and command simultaneously, nor may it imply that the leader receives both inventory and command simultaneously from the upper layer.

[0113] Command-only: This can be supported by a procedure consisting of steps A, B, C1, and C2, although alternative procedures such as the one below may also be considered.

[0114] Step A: The leader can send an A-IoT paging message containing a command to the device, instructing the device to process and respond to the command.

[0115] Step C2: The device transmits response data to the device ID or command, which may be done via the A-IoT random access procedure or without the procedure.

[0116] Figures 8a to 8e illustrate examples of connectivity topologies for ambient IoT networks and devices.

[0117] In recent years, IoT technology has garnered significant attention in wireless communications. IoT technology has evolved to connect a growing number of objects to enhance industrial productivity and quality of life. Examples include the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) technologies defined in 3GPP. However, to build a more effective IoT ecosystem, improvements are needed in several areas, including the size, form factor, price, complexity, power consumption, and coverage of IoT devices.

[0118] A representative technology service of the IoT is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). RFID boasts extremely low complexity and its tags have a very small form factor. However, its reading range is limited to a few meters, providing a very narrow coverage area. Furthermore, handheld scanning is labor-intensive, and the installation costs of RFID portals and gates make deployment expensive. Consequently, RFID has limitations in providing seamless service and coverage in large-scale networks.

[0119] To meet these needs, 3GPP is studying use cases and scenarios for IoT devices that support battery-less or energy harvesting, and is developing technologies to support IoT devices with higher requirements that cannot be met with existing IoT technologies.

[0120] For convenience of explanation, in this specification, an ambient IoT device may be expressed as an ambient IoT terminal, IoT device, IoT terminal, device, apparatus, or terminal.

[0121] A connectivity topology such as FIGS. 8a to 8e can be defined for ambient IoT networks and devices.

[0122] Referring to FIG. 8A, an ambient IoT device communicates directly and bidirectionally with a base station (BS). Communication between the BS and the ambient IoT device includes ambient IoT data and / or signaling. In the topology of FIG. 8A, the BS transmitting to the ambient IoT device may be different from the BS receiving from the ambient IoT device.

[0123] Referring to FIG. 8b, an ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node between the device and the base station. The intermediate node in the topology of FIG. 8b may be an ambient IoT-enabled relay, an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) node, a UE, a repeater, etc. The intermediate node transmits ambient IoT data and / or signaling between the BS and the ambient IoT device.

[0124] Referring to Fig. 8c, an ambient IoT device transmits data / signaling to a base station and receives data / signaling from an assisting node. Alternatively, as illustrated in Fig. 8d, the ambient IoT device receives data / signaling from a base station and transmits data / signaling to an assisting node. The assisting node in the topology of Figs. 8c and 8d may be an ambient IoT-enabled relay, IAB, UE, repeater, etc.

[0125] Referring to FIG. 8e, the ambient IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the UE. Communication between the UE and the ambient IoT device includes transmission of ambient IoT data and / or signaling.

[0126] Ambient IoT devices can be classified into three types:

[0127] 1) Device 1: The device has a peak power consumption of approximately 1 μW or less, includes an energy storage device, and may have an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. The device does not include DL and UL signal amplification, and the uplink transmission (UL transmission) is performed by backscattering using an externally provided carrier wave.

[0128] 2) Device 2a: The device has a peak power consumption of up to several hundred μW, includes an energy storage device, and may have an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. The device may include DL and / or UL signal amplification capabilities, and the uplink transmission (UL transmission) may be performed by backscattering using an externally provided carrier wave.

[0129] 3) Device 2b: The device has a peak power consumption of up to several hundred μW, includes an energy storage device, and may have an initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) of up to 10X ppm. The device may include DL and / or UL signal amplification capabilities, and the uplink transmission (UL transmission) may be generated directly within the device.

[0130] Meanwhile, the channel transmitted from the device to the reader can be defined as PDRCH (Physical Device to Reader Channel), the channel transmitted from the reader to the device can be defined as PRDCH (Physical Reader to Device Channel), and the uplink transmission of the device can be named D2R transmission, and the downlink transmission of the reader can be named R2D transmission.

[0131] Among the three types classified above, devices of type 1 and 2a transmit data using a backscattering method using a carrier wave. This assumes that the carrier wave can be transmitted within a reader, such as a base station or intermediate UE, or through a node that radiates a new carrier wave, and that the carrier wave uses the same frequency band (DL or UL) as the D2R transmission.

[0132] Figures 9a and 9b illustrate an example of a random access procedure of RFID.

[0133] Figures 9a to 8b illustrate examples of a random access procedure of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. Referring to Figures 9a to 9b, an interrogator (or reader) signals the start of a slot by transmitting a query. The query includes a slot-count parameter, Q. Tags receiving the query are allocated a range (0, 2 Q-1) Select a random value within and count the slots by receiving messages such as query / queryRep / queryAdjust with the selected value. Q defined in RFID is as follows.

[0134] Q: A parameter used by the interrogator to control the response probability of a tag. In an inventory round, the interrogator instructs the tag to load a random or pseudo-random number of Q bits into the slot counter. The interrogator can also instruct the tag to decrease the slot counter value. The tag responds when the slot counter value (i.e., the corresponding slot) becomes 0. The Q value is an integer between 0 and 15, and the corresponding tag response probability is 2. 0 = 1 to 2 -15 = ranges up to 0.000031.

[0135] (Q: A parameter that an Interrogator uses to regulate the probability of Tag response. An Interrogator instructs Tags in an inventory round to load a Q-bit random (or pseudo-random) number into their slot counter; the Interrogator may also command Tags to decrement their slot counter. Tags reply when the value in their slot counter (ie their slot) is zero. Q is an integer in the range (0,15); the corresponding Tag-response probabilities range from 20 = 1 to 2 -15 = 0.000031.)

[0136] In FIGS. 9A and 9B , T1 represents the time it takes for a tag to immediately respond after the interrogator / reader transmits data, T2 represents the time it takes for the interrogator / reader to transmit data after the tag responds, T3 represents the time the interrogator / reader waits before transmitting another command after T1, and T4 represents the minimum waiting time between two consecutive commands when the interrogator / reader transmits them. These times serve to ensure efficient communication and collision prevention between the interrogator / reader and the tag.

[0137] Meanwhile, once a tag confirms the start of its own selected slot, it can attempt to secure resources for data transmission by transmitting RN16. If multiple tags select the same slot, a collision occurs during RN16 transmission, in which case transmission will be attempted in a new slot. If no device attempts to secure resources, a no-reply period occurs, and a new slot begins. RN16 is a 16-bit random number, an identification code used by tags in UHF RFID systems when selecting a slot and responding to the reader.

[0138] Currently, 3GPP has decided to base the data transmission method of A(ambient)-IoT devices on slotted Aloha. Slotted Aloha attempts to transmit data from the beginning of a slot based on one or more slots. If more than one device transmits data simultaneously in the same slot, a collision occurs. In this case, the device that detects the collision selects one of the next slots and retries the data transmission. Conventional RFID communication is also a communication technique based on slotted Aloha, and communication is possible only when one device transmits data in a slot. However, if n devices randomly select slots to transmit data to a reader (e.g., a base station or UE), even if all devices select different slots without collision, a time delay of n*T (where T is defined as the time it takes for one device to successfully transmit data to the base station) occurs for all devices to transmit data to the base station. If a collision occurs in a specific slot or there are idle slots, the time it takes for all devices to complete data transmission will be further delayed. For this reason, slotted Aloha access control procedures must account for collisions between devices, i.e., terminals, and appropriately size the total slot-based resources to ensure the reader can receive data from all target terminals based on the slots selected by the terminals.

[0139] However, if the leader doesn't know the total number of devices that triggered data transmission, it's difficult to accurately determine when data transmission is complete for all devices, depending on the number of collisions or idle slots. Even if the leader appropriately sets the total available resources through the initial CMD message, if the resources are set too large, an unnecessary amount of idle resources may be generated. Conversely, if the resources are set too small, frequent collisions between triggered devices or resource shortages may make it difficult to receive data from all devices. Therefore, a solution needs to be defined to address these issues.

[0140] The present invention proposes a method for enabling A-IoT devices that perform communication based on slotted Aloha-based contention resources to efficiently set and occupy resources. That is, the present invention defines an arbitrary counter (or a timer, which in the case of a timer operates during an idle slot) that counts consecutive idle slots when a message initiating a random round is transmitted and received between a leader and A-IoT device(s). This counter is intended to enable the leader to dynamically adjust the size of the total slot resources to be allocated to the round when it wishes to receive response messages from unspecified device(s) through contention resources but cannot accurately determine the number of such devices. Preferably, the counter is set or operated by the leader or the devices that trigger contention-based random access (RA) from one or more devices.

[0141] Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 10, a terminal (i.e., a device) receives a message containing at least contention resource information from a leader (e.g., a base station) (S1001). Thereafter, the terminal selects at least one contention resource based on the received message and initializes a counter proposed in the present invention to 0 (S1002).

[0143] For each slot, if the slot is an idle slot not occupied by any peripheral terminal, the terminal increases the counter value by 1 (S1003). On the other hand, if the slot is occupied by at least one peripheral terminal, the counter value is reset to 0.

[0144] When the counter value reaches the maximum value, the terminal selects a competing resource in the next slot, regardless of the competing resource it has selected, and immediately transmits message 1 (message1, MSG1) in that slot. That is, if the counter value reaches the maximum value, the terminal changes the slot for transmitting MSG1 to the next slot and transmits MSG1 in that slot (S1004). At this time, if there are multiple competing resources in the newly selected slot, the terminal can randomly select one of them to transmit MSG1.

[0145] Meanwhile, the maximum value of the counter can be set and transmitted by the leader through a message indicating the start of a round / session (e.g., a paging message) or a message containing contention resource information, or can be defined as a fixed value within the standard specifications. The device(s) that receive the message containing the maximum value of the counter increments the counter value by 1 for each idle slot to determine whether idle slots occur consecutively and check whether the counter value reaches the maximum value.

[0146] FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams for explaining the operation of a terminal using a counter according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0147] Figure 11a illustrates a case where resources are occupied by terminals without conflict after the counter reaches its maximum value. Conversely, Figure 11b illustrates a case where a resource conflict occurs and the terminal receives a new paging message after the counter reaches its maximum value.

[0148] Below, the operation after the terminal transmits MSG1 when the counter reaches the maximum value is described.

[0149] If no data transmission or R2D resource occupation from any device is detected in the first slot after the counter reaches its maximum value (i.e., the slot is an idle slot), the round ends immediately.

[0150] If an R2D resource is occupied by one or more devices in the first slot after the counter reaches its maximum value and the resource occupancy is achieved without collision, the round ends when the relevant data transmission and reception are completed. (Fig. 11a) At this time, the round may end by transmitting a message explicitly indicating the end of the round from the leader, or it may end implicitly without transmitting or receiving a message.

[0151] Conversely, if an R2D resource conflict occurs due to one or more devices in the first slot after the counter reaches its maximum value, the leader extends the round and (re)transmits a message (e.g., a paging message) containing / indicating new resource allocation information (e.g., time, frequency resources, etc.) (Figure 11b).

[0152] Below, the MSG1 transmission operation of the terminal is described when the counter does not reach the maximum value.

[0153] In the slot corresponding to the contention resource selected by the terminal, the terminal transmits MSG1 through the contention resource and resets the counter to 0. If the contention resource is successfully occupied and data transmission and reception are completed, the round is considered to have ended from the terminal's perspective. On the other hand, if a collision occurs due to another terminal simultaneously transmitting MSG1 to the selected resource, the terminal reselects a new slot, resets the counter to 0, and then operates the counter in the previously described manner until the selected slot is reached.

[0154] Additionally, if the terminal re-receives a message from the leader containing resource information or settings for the round / session, and if it failed to successfully acquire resources in the previous round, the terminal selects a new contending resource based on the re-received information and resets the corresponding counter (Figure 11b).

[0155] Meanwhile, the operation of the terminal can be defined using a timer instead of a counter.

[0156] Fig. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0157] Referring to FIG. 12, a terminal (i.e., a device) receives a message containing at least contention resource information from a leader (e.g., a base station) (S1201). Thereafter, based on the received message, the terminal selects at least one contention resource and starts (or restarts) a timer proposed in the present invention (S1202).

[0158] Afterwards, the terminal monitors each slot and restarts the timer if the slot is occupied by at least one neighboring terminal.

[0159] When the timer expires, the terminal transmits MSG1 through the contending resource for the first slot after the timer expires, regardless of the contending resource selected by the terminal. That is, when the timer expires, the terminal changes the slot for transmitting MSG1 to the next slot and transmits MSG1 in that slot (S1303). If multiple contending resources exist in the slot, the terminal can randomly select one of them to transmit MSG1.

[0160] Meanwhile, the timer size can be set and transmitted by the leader through a message indicating the start of a round / session (e.g., a paging message) or a message containing contention resource information, or it can be defined as a fixed value within the standard specifications. The device(s) that receive the message containing the timer value maintains the timer's operation for consecutive idle slots and checks whether the timer has expired.

[0161] FIGS. 13a and 13b are diagrams for explaining the operation of a terminal using a timer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0162] Figure 13a illustrates a case where a resource is occupied by a terminal without conflict after a timer expires. Conversely, Figure 13b illustrates a case where a resource conflict occurs after a timer expires and a terminal receives a new paging message.

[0163] Below, the operation after the terminal transmits MSG1 when the timer expires is described.

[0164] If no data transmission or R2D resource occupation from any device is detected in the first slot after the timer expires (i.e., the slot is an idle slot), the round ends immediately.

[0165] If the R2D resource is occupied by one or more devices in the first slot after the timer expires and the resource occupancy is achieved without conflict, the round ends when the relevant data transmission and reception are completed. (Fig. 13a) At this time, the round may end by transmitting a message explicitly indicating the end of the round from the leader, or it may end implicitly without transmitting or receiving a message.

[0166] Conversely, if an R2D resource conflict occurs due to one or more devices in the first slot after the timer expires, the leader extends the round and (re)transmits a message (e.g., a paging message) containing / indicating new resource allocation information (e.g., time, frequency resources, etc.) (Figure 13b).

[0167] Below, the MSG1 transmission operation of the terminal is described when the timer is running.

[0168] In the slot corresponding to the contention resource selected by the terminal, the terminal transmits MSG 1 through the contention resource and stops the timer. If the contention resource is successfully acquired and data transmission and reception are completed, the round is considered to have ended from the terminal's perspective. On the other hand, if a collision occurs due to another terminal simultaneously transmitting MSG 1 to the selected resource, the terminal reselects a new slot and restarts the timer in the previously described manner until the selected slot is reached.

[0169] Meanwhile, a message (e.g., a paging message) containing new resource allocation information retransmitted according to the disclosure of this specification may be defined as one of the methods for triggering consecutive or multiple A-IoT messages (e.g., paging messages) related to the same request as a previous message transmitted from the core network (CN).

[0170] FIG. 14 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0171] Referring to FIG. 14, a terminal (i.e., a device) receives a message including at least contention resource information from a leader (e.g., a base station) (S1401). Thereafter, the terminal selects at least one contention resource based on the received message (S1402).

[0172] Additionally, the terminal receives an instruction from the leader instructing immediate transmission of MSG1 through a specific slot (S1402). In this case, the terminal transmits MSG1 using the contention resources allocated to the specific slot, regardless of at least one configured slot. That is, the terminal transmits MSG1 in the specific slot in which it received the instruction (S1403).

[0173] The above instructions can be received from the reader via an R2D (Reader-to-Device) trigger message.

[0174] FIGS. 15A and 15B are drawings for explaining the operation of a terminal using a pointer according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0175] Figure 15a illustrates a case where resources are occupied by a terminal without conflict after MSG1 is transmitted by the indicator. Conversely, Figure 15b illustrates a case where a resource conflict occurs and a terminal receives a new paging message after MSG1 is transmitted by the indicator.

[0176] After receiving a paging message, the terminal randomly selects a slot and an RO within the slot based on the total number of ROs (RACH Occasions) included in the paging message, and counts the number of slots and ROs based on the R2D trigger message to determine whether it has reached the slot and RO it has selected. Here, the R2D trigger message is defined as a message that notifies the starting point of the slot that starts after the paging message.

[0177] At this time, for terminals that have not yet reached the slot and RO selected by themselves, an indicator (e.g., the Tx field of FIGS. 15a and 15b) may be defined in the R2D trigger message to immediately transmit MSG1 using the RO(s) of the corresponding slot.

[0178] A terminal receiving an R2D trigger message including an indicator indicating immediate transmission of MSG1 (e.g., setting Tx=1) ignores or deletes any slot and RO information selected when receiving a paging message, and immediately transmits MSG1 through one of the ROs of the slot in which the R2D trigger message was received. Here, the indicator may be a means for forcing terminals to transmit MSG1 according to the leader's decision, and may be defined as another implementation method for achieving the purpose of the present invention.

[0179] The operation after the terminal transmits MSG1 can be applied in the same manner as the embodiments described above.

[0180] Fig. 16 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.

[0181] Referring to Fig. 16, a terminal receives slot-based contention resource information from a leader (S1601). Thereafter, the terminal configures at least one slot based on the received contention resource information (S1602). Then, for at least one configured slot, if n consecutive slots (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) located immediately before the slot are idle slots, the terminal transmits a first message to the leader using the contention resources allocated to the slot. Alternatively, the terminal transmits the first message to the leader using the contention resources allocated to a specific slot, regardless of the configured at least one slot (S1603). Here, the specific slot may be a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

[0182] The above leader may be a base station or an intermediate terminal, and the idle slot may be a slot that is not occupied for transmission from the terminal and at least one peripheral terminal.

[0183] Additionally, the first message may be an initial message defined within a random access procedure.

[0184] Meanwhile, the n consecutive slots may be determined based on at least one of a counter and a timer. Furthermore, at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer may be received from the leader. Here, at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer may be received via a second message together with the contention resource information, or via a third message indicating the start of at least one of a round and a session for transmitting the first message. The third message may be a paging message.

[0185] The above instructions can be received via an R2D (Reader-to-Device) trigger message.

[0186] The disclosures of this specification, as described so far, can be implemented through various means. For example, the disclosures of this specification can be implemented through hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. Specifically, the disclosures will be described below with reference to the drawings.

[0187] Figure 17 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0188] Referring to FIG. 17, the wireless communication system may include a first device (100a) and a second device (100b).

[0189] The first device (100a) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

[0190] The second device (100b) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate / environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.

[0191] The first device (100a) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020a), at least one memory, such as a memory (1010a), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031a). The processor (1020a) may perform the functions, procedures, and / or methods described above. The processor (1020a) may perform one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020a) may perform one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may store various types of information and / or commands. The transceiver (1031a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0192] The second device (100b) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020b), at least one memory device, such as a memory (1010b), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031b). The processor (1020b) may perform the functions, procedures, and / or methods described above. The processor (1020b) may implement one or more protocols. For example, the processor (1020b) may implement one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol. The memory (1010b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may store various types of information and / or commands. The transceiver (1031b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0193] The memory (1010a) and / or the memory (1010b) may be connected internally or externally to the processor (1020a) and / or the processor (1020b), or may be connected to another processor via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.

[0194] The first device (100a) and / or the second device (100b) may have one or more antennas. For example, the antenna (1036a) and / or the antenna (1036b) may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

[0195] Fig. 18 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.

[0196] In particular, FIG. 18 is a drawing illustrating the device of FIG. 17 in more detail.

[0197] The device includes a memory (1010), a processor (1020), a transceiver (1031), a power management module (1091), a battery (1092), a display (1041), an input unit (1053), a speaker (1042), and a microphone (1052), a subscriber identification module (SIM) card, and one or more antennas.

[0198] The processor (1020) may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described herein. Layers of a radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (1020). The processor (1020) may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), other chipsets, logic circuits, and / or data processing devices. The processor (1020) may be an application processor (AP). The processor (1020) may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator). Examples of the processor (1020) may be a SNAPDRAGON™ series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIO™ series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOM™ series processor manufactured by INTEL®, a KIRINTM series processor manufactured by HiSilicon®, or a corresponding next-generation processor.

[0199] The power management module (1091) manages power to the processor (1020) and / or the transceiver (1031). The battery (1092) supplies power to the power management module (1091). The display (1041) outputs the results processed by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) receives input to be used by the processor (1020). The input unit (1053) can be displayed on the display (1041). A SIM card is an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and its associated keys, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.

[0200] The memory (1010) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and stores various information for operating the processor (610). The memory (1010) may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and / or other storage devices. When the embodiment is implemented in software, the techniques described herein may be implemented as modules (e.g., procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the functions described herein. The modules may be stored in the memory (1010) and executed by the processor (1020). The memory (1010) may be implemented within the processor (1020). Alternatively, the memory (1010) may be implemented external to the processor (1020) and communicatively connected to the processor (1020) via various means known in the art.

[0201] The transceiver (1031) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and transmits and / or receives a radio signal. The transceiver (1031) includes a transmitter and a receiver. The transceiver (1031) may include baseband circuitry for processing a radio frequency signal. The transceiver controls one or more antennas to transmit and / or receive a radio signal. The processor (1020) transmits command information to the transceiver (1031) to initiate communication, for example, to transmit a radio signal constituting voice communication data. The antenna functions to transmit and receive radio signals. Upon receiving a radio signal, the transceiver (1031) may transmit the signal to the processor (1020) for processing and convert the signal to baseband. The processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker (1042).

[0202] The speaker (1042) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (1020). The microphone (1052) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (1020).

[0203] A user inputs command information, such as a phone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on an input unit (1053) or by voice activation using a microphone (1052). The processor (1020) receives this command information and processes it to perform an appropriate function, such as dialing a phone number. Operational data can be extracted from a SIM card or memory (1010). In addition, the processor (1020) can display command information or operation information on a display (1041) for the user's recognition and convenience.

[0204] Figure 19 shows a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of this specification is implemented.

[0205] As can be seen from FIG. 19, the processor (1020) implementing the disclosure of the present specification may include multiple circuits to implement the proposed functions, procedures, and / or methods described herein. For example, the processor (1020) may include a first circuit (1020-1), a second circuit (1020-2), and a third circuit (1020-3). Furthermore, although not shown, the processor (1020) may include more circuits. Each circuit may include multiple transistors.

[0206] The above processor (1020) may be called an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or an application processor (AP), and may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), and a graphics processing unit (GPU).

[0207] FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing in detail the transmitter / receiver of the first device illustrated in FIG. 17 or the transmitter / receiver unit of the device illustrated in FIG. 18.

[0208] Referring to FIG. 20, the transceiver (1031) includes a transmitter (1031-1) and a receiver (1031-2). The transmitter (1031-1) includes a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) unit (1031-11), a subcarrier mapper (1031-12), an IFFT unit (1031-13), a CP insertion unit (1031-14), and a wireless transmitter (1031-15). The transmitter (1031-1) may further include a modulator. In addition, for example, the transmitter may further include a scramble unit (not shown), a modulation mapper (not shown), a layer mapper (not shown), and a layer permutator (not shown), which may be arranged before the DFT unit (1031-11). That is, in order to prevent an increase in PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio), the transmitter (1031-1) first passes the information through a DFT (1031-11) before mapping the signal to a subcarrier. The signal spread (or precoded in the same sense) by the DFT unit (1031-11) is mapped to a subcarrier through a subcarrier mapper (1031-12) and then passes through an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit (1031-13) to be converted into a signal on the time axis.

[0209] The DFT unit (1031-11) performs DFT on the input symbols and outputs complex-valued symbols. For example, if Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size is Ntx. The DFT unit (1031-11) may be called a transform precoder. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to resource blocks allocated for data transmission. The subcarrier mapper (1031-12) may be called a resource element mapper. The IFFT unit (1031-13) performs IFFT on the input symbols and outputs a baseband signal for data, which is a time-domain signal. The CP insertion unit (1031-14) copies a portion of the rear portion of the baseband signal for data and inserts it into the front portion of the baseband signal for data. CP insertion prevents ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) and ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference), thereby maintaining orthogonality even in multipath channels.

[0210] On the other hand, the receiver (1031-2) includes a wireless reception unit (1031-21), a CP removal unit (1031-22), an FFT unit (1031-23), and an equalization unit (1031-24). The wireless reception unit (1031-21), the CP removal unit (1031-22), and the FFT unit (1031-23) of the receiver (1031-2) perform the inverse functions of the wireless transmission unit (1031-15), the CP insertion unit (1031-14), and the IFF unit (1031-13) of the transmitter (1031-1). The receiver (1031-2) may further include a demodulator.

[0211] Although the preferred embodiments have been described above by way of example, the disclosure of this specification is not limited to such specific embodiments, and may be modified, changed, or improved in various forms within the scope described in the spirit and claims of this specification.

[0212] In the exemplary system described above, the methods are described based on a flowchart as a series of steps or blocks. However, the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flowchart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included, or one or more steps in the flowchart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the invention.

[0213] The claims set forth in this specification may be combined in various ways. For example, the technical features of the method claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method. Furthermore, the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a device, and the technical features of the method claims and the technical features of the device claims of this specification may be combined and implemented as a method.

Claims

1. In a method of operating a terminal in a wireless communication system, A step of receiving slot-unit contention resource information from a reader; A step of setting at least one slot based on the received competitive resource information; and For at least one slot set above, if n consecutive slots (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) located immediately before the slot are idle slots, a step of transmitting a first message to the leader using the contention resource allocated to the slot; or A method comprising the step of transmitting the first message to the leader using a contention resource allocated to a specific slot regardless of at least one slot set above, wherein the specific slot is a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

2. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the above leader is a base station or an intermediate terminal.

3. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the idle slot is a slot that is not occupied for transmission from the terminal and at least one peripheral terminal.

4. In paragraph 1, A method wherein the first message is an initial message defined within a random access procedure.

5. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above n consecutive slots are determined based on at least one of a counter and a timer.

6. In paragraph 5, Further comprising a step of receiving at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer from the leader, A method wherein at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer is received via a second message together with the contention resource information, or via a third message indicating the start of at least one of a round and a session for transmission of the first message.

7. In paragraph 6, A method wherein the third message is a paging message.

8. In paragraph 1, The above instruction is received via an R2D (Reader-to-Device) trigger message.

9. As a terminal in a wireless communication system, at least one processor; and At least one memory storing instructions and being operably electrically connectable to the at least one processor, wherein the operations performed based on the instructions being executed by the at least one processor are: A step of receiving slot-unit competitive resource information from a reader, A step of setting at least one slot based on the received competitive resource information, and For at least one slot set above, if n consecutive slots (n is an integer greater than or equal to 1) located immediately before the slot are idle slots, a step of transmitting a first message to the leader using the contention resource allocated to the slot, or A terminal comprising a step of transmitting the first message to the leader using a contention resource allocated to a specific slot regardless of at least one slot set above, wherein the specific slot is a slot in which an indicator indicating immediate transmission of the first message is received.

10. In paragraph 9, The above leader is a terminal, which is a base station or an intermediate terminal.

11. In paragraph 9, The above idle slot is a slot that is not occupied for transmission from the terminal and at least one peripheral terminal.

12. In paragraph 9, The terminal, wherein the first message is an initial message defined within a random access procedure.

13. In paragraph 9, A terminal in which the above n consecutive slots are determined based on at least one of a counter and a timer.

14. In paragraph 13, Based on the above instruction being executed by the at least one processor, the operations performed are: Further comprising a step of receiving at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer, A terminal, wherein at least one of the maximum value of the counter and the value of the timer is received via a second message together with the contention resource information, or via a third message notifying the start of at least one of a round and a session for transmission of the first message.

15. In paragraph 14, The third message above is a paging message, terminal.

16. In paragraph 9, The above instruction is received by the terminal via an R2D (Reader-to-Device) trigger message.

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