Communication method and communication apparatus
The described communication method and apparatus address inefficiencies in ambient power Wi-Fi IoT devices by using PPDU frames to manage energy transfer and data transmission, improving performance and reducing power consumption in wireless networks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-04
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication technologies face challenges in efficiently communicating between ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi IoT devices due to hardware limitations and power consumption constraints, particularly in managing channel bandwidth, data rates, and direct transmission capabilities.
A communication method and apparatus that utilize energizer and control PPDU frames to instruct and coordinate energy transfer and data transmission between stations, enabling efficient communication by reducing direct power consumption and improving flexibility through bi-static backscattering techniques.
Enhances communication performance by optimizing energy transfer and reducing power consumption, allowing ambient power devices to operate efficiently and effectively within wireless networks.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024116985_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
COMMUNICATION METHOD AND COMMUNICATION APPARATUSTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a communication method and a communication apparatus.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient power (AMP) is a technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group that focuses on addressing the problem of support of ambient power communication in 802.11 network. An AMP station (STA) may be powered using energy harvesting that can help increasing the battery lifespan of the AMP STA. The energy harvesting may be, for example, radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) , light-based power harvesting, etc. The AMP STA may be an ambient power-enabled Wi-Fi Internet of Things (IoT) device (e.g., AMP IoT STA) . Due to hardware limitations and the requirement to minimize the power consumption, the AMP STA is expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth and / or data rates as compared to traditional 802.11 STAs.
[0003] Ambient power communication may involve an AMP reader, an AMP carrier source, and an AMP tag. How to communicate between the AMP reader, the AMP carrier source, and the AMP tag is a problem to be solved.SUMMARY
[0004] This present disclosure provides communication methods and apparatuses.
[0005] According to a first aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a third station side, for example, a third station, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a third station, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a third station. The third station may be an AP STA or a non-AP STA. For example, the third station is an AMP reader.
[0006] The method comprises: transmitting, to a first station, a first frame for instructing the first station to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; and receiving a first response from the first station responsive to the first frame.
[0007] In this way, the first station may know what it will transmit according to the instruction of the first frame. The first station may further know the time to transmit at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU since the transmission is triggered by the third station. In addition, according to the first response, the third station may know whether the first station has received the first frame, and may perform subsequent steps accordingly. Since at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU may be transmitted to another station such as a second station, the first station may assist the third station and the second station to communicate with each other, thereby improving the performance of the communication.
[0008] In a possible design, the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second station or is used by the second station to backscatter a response.
[0009] As such, the second station may harvest energy from the energizer PPDU or use the energizer PPDU to backscatter its response. In this way, the second station may use the energizer PPDU for processing or communicating with other station (s) such as the third station.
[0010] In a possible design, the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second station or that is used by the second station to backscatter the response.
[0011] In this way, the second station may use the carrier signal for processing or communicating with other station (s) such as the third station.
[0012] In a possible design, the control PPDU is an ambient power (AMP) control PPDU.
[0013] In this way, the first station may transmit control information by transmitting the AMP control PPDU.
[0014] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the method further comprises: transmitting the control PPDU to a second station; and receiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.
[0015] In such case, the second station may use the energizer PPDU for backscattering the second response to the third station.
[0016] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting, to the first station, a third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; and receiving a third response from the first station responsive to the third frame.
[0017] In such case, the second station may harvest energy from the energizer PPDU such that it may have energy to receiving the control PPDU from the third station.
[0018] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared transmission opportunity (TXOP) for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.
[0019] In this way, the first station may know the time to transmit the energizer PPDU and may know whether it is required to transmit the carrier signal.
[0020] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.
[0021] In this way, the first station may know whether it need to obtain information from the first filed according to the third field.
[0022] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the method further comprises: receiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.
[0023] As such, the third station does not need to transmit the control PPDU to the second station directly, thereby reducing power consumption of the third station. Moreover, the first station may determine the time to transmit the control PPDU, and flexibility of communication between the second station and the third station may be improved
[0024] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting, to the first station, third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; and receiving a third response from the first station responsive to the third frame.
[0025] In such case, the second station may harvest energy from the energizer PPDU such that it may have energy to receiving the control PPDU from the first station.
[0026] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.
[0027] In this way, the first station may know the time to transmit the energizer PPDU according to the first field, whether to transmit the carrier signal according to the second field, and whether to transmit the control PPDU according to the fourth field.
[0028] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs.
[0029] In this way, the first station may know whether to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU separately or to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU as one PPDU.
[0030] In a possible design, the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of: a field indicating identifiers of the first station and the second station, a field indicating content of the AMP frame, a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, or a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.
[0031] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and receiving a fourth response from the first station responsive to the second frame.
[0032] In such case, the content of the control PPDU is indicated by the second frame instead of the first frame. As such, overhead of bits carried in the first frame may be reduced, or bits in the first frame that are used to indicate the content of the control PPDU previously may be used to indicate other information.
[0033] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the control PPDU to a second station, and the method further comprises: receiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.
[0034] As such, the third station does not need to transmit the control PPDU to the second station directly, thereby reducing power consumption of the third station. Moreover, the first station may determine the time to transmit the control PPDU, and flexibility of communication between the second station and the third station may be improved.
[0035] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.
[0036] In this way, the first station may know the time to transmit the control PPDU.
[0037] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and receiving a fourth response from the first station responsive to the second frame.
[0038] In such case, the content of the control PPDU is indicated by the second frame instead of the first frame. As such, overhead of bits carried in the first frame may be reduced, or bits in the first frame that are used to indicate the content of the control PPDU previously may be used to indicate other information.
[0039] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving, from the first station, a fifth frame for instructing a third station to take back the shared TXOP.
[0040] As such, the carrier source may determine whether to give back the shared TXOP at an earlier time, thereby reducing overhead of the time domain resources.
[0041] In a possible design, the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame. As such, AMP protocols may be applied.
[0042] In a possible design, the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first station. As such, the proposed solutions may be backward compatible.
[0043] According to a second aspect, a communication method is described. The method may be applied at a first station side, for example, a first station, a component (for example, a circuit, a chip, or a chip system) in a first station, or a logical module or software that can implement all or some functions of a first station. The first station may be non-AP STA. For example, the first station is a carrier source.
[0044] The method comprises: receiving, from a third station, a first frame for instructing a first station to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; and transmitting at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU.
[0045] In a possible design, the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second station or is used by the second station to backscatter a response.
[0046] In a possible design, the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second station or that is used by the second station to backscatter the response.
[0047] In a possible design, the control PPDU is an ambient power (AMP) control PPDU.
[0048] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the method further comprises: transmitting the energizer PPDU.
[0049] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving, from the third station, third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; and transmitting a third response to the third station responsive to the third frame.
[0050] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared transmission opportunity (TXOP) for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.
[0051] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.
[0052] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the method further comprises: transmitting a second response to the third station responsive to the control PPDU; and transmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU.
[0053] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving, from the third station, third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; transmitting a third response to the third station responsive to the third frame; and transmitting the another energizer PPDU.
[0054] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.
[0055] In a possible design, the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs, and transmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU comprises: transmitting a PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the field.
[0056] In a possible design, the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of: a field indicating identifiers of the first station and the second station, a field indicating content of the AMP frame, a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, or a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.
[0057] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; transmitting a fourth response to the third station responsive to the second frame; and transmitting the control PPDU or the PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the second frame.
[0058] In a possible design, the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the control PPDU to a second station, and the method further comprises: transmitting the control PPDU to the second station.
[0059] In a possible design, the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.
[0060] In a possible design, the method further comprises: receiving a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; transmitting a fourth response to the third station responsive to the second frame; and transmitting the control PPDU according to the second frame.
[0061] In a possible design, the method further comprises: transmitting, to the third station, a fifth frame for instructing the third station to take back the shared TXOP.
[0062] In a possible design, the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.
[0063] In a possible design, the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first station.
[0064] According to a third aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the first aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the first aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0065] According to a fourth aspect, a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus has a function of implementing the second aspect. For example, the communication apparatus includes a corresponding module, unit, or means (means) for performing operations in the second aspect. The module, unit, or means may be specifically implemented by using software, may be implemented by using hardware, or may be implemented by using software in combination with hardware.
[0066] According to a fifth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the first aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect.
[0067] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0068] The communication apparatus may be an AP STA or a non-AP STA, a module in an AP STA or a non-AP STA or a chip responsible for a communication function in an AP STA or a non-AP STA, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0069] According to a sixth aspect, another a communication apparatus is described. The communication apparatus includes a memory and one or more processors. The memory is configured to store a part or all of a necessary computer program or instructions for implementing a function in the second aspect. The one or more processors may execute the computer program or the instructions, and when the computer program or the instructions is / are executed, the communication apparatus is enabled to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0070] In some embodiments, the communication apparatus may further include an interface circuit, and the processor is configured to communicate with another apparatus or component through the interface circuit.
[0071] The communication apparatus may be a non-AP STA, a module in a non-AP STA or a chip responsible for a communication function in a non-AP STA, for example, a modem chip (also referred to as a baseband chip) or an SoC chip or an SIP chip that includes a modem module.
[0072] According to a seventh aspect, a communication system is described, the communication system comprising a first communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the first aspect and a second communication apparatus configured to implement the method in any possible design or implementation of the second aspect.
[0073] According to an eighth aspect, a computer-readable storage medium is described. The computer-readable storage medium stores computer-readable instructions, and when a computer reads and executes the computer-readable instructions, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0074] According to a ninth aspect, this application provides a computer program product. When a computer reads and executes the computer program product, the computer is enabled to perform the method in any one of the possible designs of the first aspect to the second aspect.
[0075] This application encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0076] For a better understanding of the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.
[0077] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented.
[0078] FIG. 2A illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0079] FIG. 2B illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0080] FIG. 2C illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0081] FIG. 3 illustrates a bi-static backscattering communication in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B.
[0082] FIG. 4 illustrates an enhanced version of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0083] FIGS. 5A-5C together illustrate an example of a communication method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0084] FIG. 6 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0085] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 6 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0086] FIG. 8 illustrates frame structures of an MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and an AMP frame, and a relationship between the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and the AMP frame, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0087] FIG. 9 illustrates another example of a bi-static backscattering communication.
[0088] FIGS. 10A-10B together illustrate an example of a communication method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0089] FIG. 11 illustrates a bi-static backscattering communication in accordance with some embodiments.
[0090] FIG. 12 illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments.
[0091] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 12, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0092] FIG. 14A illustrates an example of a frame structure of a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0093] FIG. 14B illustrates possible configurations of PPDUs transmitted by the carrier source in accordance with some embodiments.
[0094] FIG. 14C illustrates a frame structure of an AMP Action frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0095] FIG. 15 illustrates another example of bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 6 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0096] FIG. 16 illustrates the frame structure of the AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame.
[0097] FIG. 17 is a structural diagram of a communication apparatus provided in embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0098] FIG. 18 is a structural diagram of another communication apparatus provided in embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0099] FIG. 19 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0100] Numerous details are described herein to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not necessarily been described in exhaustive detail so as to avoid obscuring pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein.
[0101] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to wireless local area network (WLAN) systems, such as Wi-Fi systems. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a series of Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) protocols, such as IEEE 802.11 protocols (e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, the IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol, the IEEE 802.11bf / sensing protocol) , IEEE 802.15 / UWB protocol, or IEEE Integrated mmWave / IMMW protocol. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied to a spark link / near link protocol, or a future-generation protocol, which is not limited here.
[0102] A Wi-Fi system may include one or more basic service sets (BSSs) , and a BSS may include an access point (AP) and a station (STA) . The AP is a provider of the Wi-Fi network, which allows access of other wireless device (s) , and provides data access for the accessed device (s) . The STA is a device that accesses the Wi-Fi network. The STA in the Wi-Fi network can also be referred to as a user unit, access terminal, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, user device, or user equipment (UE) . An electronic device that supports a Wi-Fi function can be used as the STA. The STA may be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA) , handheld device with wireless local area network (WLAN) communication function, wearable device, computing device, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.
[0103] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to the wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on the millimeter wave (MMW) and ultra wideband (UWB) technologies, e.g., the 802.15.4z protocol, the 802.15.4ab protocol, etc. The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure may also be applied to communication systems such as Internet of Things (IoT) systems, vehicle to everything (V2X, X may represent anything) systems, device to device (D2D) systems, narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) systems, long term evolution (LTE) systems, the fifth generation (5G) communication system, or other communication systems in future. For example, the V2X system may include vehicle to vehicle (V2V) communication, vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication, vehicle to pedestrian (V2P) communication, vehicle to network (V2N) communication, etc.
[0104] In order to facilitate the understanding of the solutions of the present disclosure, some terms mentioned herein are first introduced.
[0105] 1. Ambient Power (AMP)
[0106] Ambient power (AMP) is a technology within the IEEE 802.11 working group that focuses on addressing the problem of support of ambient power communication in 802.11 network. AMP may be used to enable an AMP station (STA) that is powered using energy harvesting that can help increasing the battery lifespan of the AMP STA. The energy harvesting may be, for example, radio frequency (RF) power harvesting (or backscattering) , light-based power harvesting, etc. The AMP STA may be an AMP-enabled Wi-Fi IoT device (AMP IoT STA) that do not possess any battery and operate solely on harvested energy. Due to hardware limitations and the requirement to minimize the power consumption, AMP IoT STAs are expected to operate at a much lower channel bandwidth and / or data rates compared to traditional 802.11 STAs.
[0107] 2. AMP AP STA
[0108] An AMP AP STA is an AP that can transmit and receive AMP physical protocol data unit (PPDU) , and can communicate with AMP non-AP STAs. AMP AP STA may be abbreviated as AMP AP or AP.
[0109] 3. AMP non-AP STA
[0110] An AMP non-AP STA is a non-AP STA that can transmit and receive AMP PPDU, and can communicate with an AMP AP or another AMP non-AP STA. AMP non-AP STA may be abbreviated as AMP STA or STA. AMP non-AP STAs that can communicate using mainstream 802.11 protocols such as IEEE 802.11 protocols (e.g., the 802.11a / b / g protocol, the 802.11n protocol, the 802.11ac protocol, the 802.11ax protocol, the 802.11be / Wi-Fi 7 / EHT protocol, the IEEE 802.11bn / UHR / Wi-Fi 8 protocol) , may be known as regular AMP non-AP STAs or AMP Assisting non-AP STA while AMP non-AP STAs that can only communicate using the AMP protocol or AMP protocol and limited legacy 802.11 protocol (e.g., 11b / 11n) may be known as AMP assisted non-AP STAs.
[0111] An AMP assisted non-AP STA may be classified, based on its capabilities, as Type A AMP STA, Type B AMP STA, and Type C AMP STA.
[0112] A Type A AMP STA has capability to support legacy 802.11 protocols (e.g., 802.11b / g / n) . The Type A AMP STA has its own energy source (e.g., battery) and is capable of active transmitting.
[0113] A Type B AMP STA does not support legacy 802.11 protocols. The Type B AMP STA only supports low power transceiver operations and also has some sort of small energy source (e.g., large capacitor, or ambient power source) . The Type B AMP STA is capable of active transmitting without backscattering a carrier signal and may also be referred to as active AMP non-AP STA.
[0114] A Type C AMP STA does not support legacy 802.11 protocols. The Type C AMP STA only supports low power transceiver operations and does not have any energy source. The Type C AMP STA is not capable of active transmitting, and may use backscattering technique for its transmissions (e.g., transmitting its signal by backscattering a carrier signal) . The Type C AMP STA may also be referred to as a backscattering AMP non-AP STA.
[0115] The AMP non-AP STA may be an IoT station which is referred to as an AMP IoT STA. Due to the hardware restrictions and the need to lower the power consumption, it is expected that the AMP IoT STAs, especially the active AMP non-AP STA, will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) compared to traditional 802.11 STAs that operate at channel bandwidths of 20 MHz or multiples of 20 MHz. In addition, the AMP IoT STAs may not be able to use advanced modulation techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and hence not be able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble that is present at the beginning of almost all 802.11 PPDUs.
[0116] 4. AMP Reader
[0117] An AMP reader is an AMP AP STA or AMP non-AP STA that is able to receive and decode a backscattered signal from a backscattering AMP non-AP STA. The AMP reader may be an AMP AP, an AMP relay, an AMP energizer, a smartphone with AMP capabilities, etc. AMP reader may be abbreviated as reader.
[0118] 5. AMP Carrier Source
[0119] An AMP carrier source is an AMP non-AP STA that transmits a carrier signal to allow another AMP non-AP STA to backscatter its signal. The AMP carrier source may be an AMP relay, an AMP energizer, a smartphone with AMP capabilities, etc. AMP carrier source may be abbreviated as carrier source.
[0120] 6. Random Access Session
[0121] A random access session may be initiated by an initiator (transmitting node, which may be, for example, the aforementioned AMP reader) . The session may start from the transmission of a poll frame and last for one or more transmit opportunities (TXOPs) till the completion of all associated transmission attempts, including any retransmissions. The session may include the transmission of several poll frames which may be used for providing opportunities for responders (receiving nodes) to transmit their responses to the initiator. The session may be identified by a unique identification.
[0122] In conventional scenarios such as in 802.11, carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA / CA) is the predominant method of random access, in which STAs attempt to avoid collisions by beginning transmission only after the channel is sensed to be "idle" . On the other hand, if the channel is sensed to be “busy” , each STA chooses a random duration to defer the subsequent transmission attempt (known as random backoff procedure) and thereby reduce the chances of collision. The basic version of the medium access protocol in IEEE 802.11 that uses CSMA / CA is called distributed coordination function (DCF) . A more advance version, called enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) , is used by 802.11 STAs that support quality of service (QoS) .
[0123] In AMP scenario, some random access mechanisms are designed, such as time slot based random access mechanism and backoff based random access mechanism. These random access mechanisms are targeted for the close range communication where mono-static backscattering or active transmission is applied. However, the above random access mechanisms do not consider channel access of AMP non-AP STAs in the presence of an AMP carrier source where bi-static backscattering is be applied.
[0124] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an application scenario in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. As shown in FIG. 1, an AMP AP acts as an AMP reader that may interact with at least one of three non-AP STAs: AMP non-AP STA 1, AMP non-AP STA 2 and AMP non-AP STA 3. The three non-AP STAs may each be a tag form AMP non-AP STA.
[0125] The AMP non-AP STA 3 may be a Type B AMP STA which is an active transmitter device and can communicate with the AMP reader without requiring any carrier signal.
[0126] The AMP non-AP STA 1 may be a Type C AMP STA that requires a carrier signal to backscatter its own signal. The AMP reader is close to the AMP non-AP STA 1, so that the AMP reader may transmit the carrier signal to the AMP non-AP STA 1. The AMP non-AP STA 1, which is a backscattering AMP non-AP STA, may then transmit its signal to the AMP reader by backscattering the carrier signal. The AMP reader may receive and decode the backscattered signal. The AMP non-AP STA 1 may receive the carrier signal from the carrier source.
[0127] The AMP non-AP STA 2 may also be Type C AMP STA that requires a carrier signal to backscatter its own signal. However, the AMP reader is far from the AMP non-AP STA 2. In a case where the AMP reader transmits the carrier signal to the AMP non-AP STA 2, and the AMP non-AP STA 2 backscatters the carrier signal to the AMP reader, the AMP reader may not be able to correctly decode the backscattered signal due to the large difference in power between the transmitted carrier signal and the received backscattered signal. In order to overcome this, an AMP non-AP STA 4, which may be a Type A AMP STA, is utilized to transmit a carrier signal to the AMP non-AP STA 2. As such, the AMP reader may not transmit the carrier signal to the AMP non-AP STA 2, and may focus on receiving the backscattered signal from the AMP non-AP STA 2. The AMP reader and the AMP non-AP STA 4 are capable of communicating with each other using mainstream 802.11 standard (802.11n, 11ac, 11ax, 11be, etc. ) . The AMP non-AP STA 4 may be an AMP carrier source.
[0128] In FIG. 1, the dashed lines represent communication over the mainstream 802.11 link while the dotted lines represent communication over the AMP links, including the transmission of the carrier signals to the AMP tags and the transmission of the backscattered signals from the AMP tags.
[0129] Some mechanisms (e.g., mono-static backscattering or active transmission) have been proposed for communication between an AMP reader and Type C AMP non-AP STA in close range communication. The AMP reader may transmit the carrier signal to the Type C AMP non-AP STA. The Type C AMP non-AP STA may then transmit its signal to the AMP reader by backscattering the carrier signal. The AMP reader may receive and decode the backscattered signal (i.e., the backscattered carrier signal) .
[0130] In some cases where the AMP reader is far from the backscattering AMP non-AP STA, the AMP reader may not be able to correctly decode the backscattered signal from the backscattering AMP non-AP STA due to the large difference in power between the transmitted carrier signal and the received backscattered signal. One solution is to employ a separate device which is referred to as an AMP carrier source to transmit the carrier signal to be used for backscattering while the AMP reader focuses on receiving the backscattered signal. This is called bi-static backscattering.
[0131] However, the AMP carrier source may not know when to transmit the carrier signal. Apart from this, in some cases, the AMP reader may need to transmit control signal to an AMP non-AP STA, but if the AMP reader is far from the AMP non-AP STA, the AMP reader may not be able to transmit the control signal to the AMP non-AP STA directly. Moreover, as mentioned above, AMP non-AP STAs may not be able to transmit the legacy 802.11 preamble. It is also expected that the AMP non-AP STAs will operate at a much lower channel bandwidth (e.g., 4 MHz) . In addition, the carrier sensing ability of a certain class of AMP non-AP STA may be limited due to hardware constraints and / or inability to sense transmissions from other STAs (e.g., due to the presence of a backscattered carrier signal) . This means that such AMP non-AP STA without carrier sensing ability cannot use the 802.11 medium access protocols such as DCF and EDCA.
[0132] In view of this, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide several solutions to solve at least one of the above problems. In some embodiments, an AMP reader may transmit a first frame to a carrier source. The first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU to a tag. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first frame and transmits a first response to the AMP reader in response to the first frame. Subsequently, according to the first frame, the carrier source transmits at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU to the tag. Accordingly, the tag receives at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU.
[0133] In this way, the carrier source may know whether to transmit the energizer PPDU and / or the control PPDU to the tag. As such, the carrier source may assist the AMP reader and the tag to communicate with each other, thereby improving the performance of the communication.
[0134] Various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below by way of example. Methods of the embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed by an AMP reader and a carrier source. The AMP reader and the carrier source may perform some or all of the steps in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and these steps or operations are only examples. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also include other operations or variations of various operations. In addition, steps can be performed in different orders from that presented in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and it may not be necessary to perform all the operations in the embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0135] It is understood that names for messages transmitted between the AMP reader, the carrier source, and other device (s) and names for content carried in the messages are not intended to be limiting, but rather are used for illustration purpose. Hereafter, the terms "first" , "second" , and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying the relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" , "second" or "third" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.
[0136] FIG. 2A illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments. Referring to FIG. 2A, the device interaction involves an AMP reader and a carrier source.
[0137] In step 201, the AMP reader transmits, to the carrier source, a first frame for instructing the carrier source to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first frame.
[0138] In an implementation, the energizer PPDU may be used for providing energy to a tag and / or is used by the tag to backscatter a response. The tag may be an AMP non-AP STA such as a Type C AMP STA or other type of AMP non-AP STA. The first frame may further indicate the transmission duration of the energizer PPDU. The energizer PPDU may also be known as carrier PPDU etc.
[0139] In some examples, the energizer PPDU may include a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the tag or that is used by the tag to backscatter the response. The first frame may further indicate the transmission duration of the carrier signal.
[0140] In an implementation, the control PPDU may be an AMP control PPDU. The AMP control PPDU may carry downlink (DL) control information used to schedule transmission for the tag. The transmission may be uplink data transmission or transmission of uplink response information.
[0141] In an implementation, the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU may be combined in a single PPDU and may be called an AMP Control+Energizer PPDU or simply called an AMP Downlink (DL) PPDU. The AMP DL PPDU may include both the downlink control information for the tag as well as a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the tag or that is used by the tag to backscatter the response. The first frame may further indicate the transmission duration of the carrier signal included in the AMP DL PPDU.
[0142] In an example, the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame or a HT action frame.
[0143] In step 202, the carrier source may transmit, to the AMP reader, a first response in response to the first frame.
[0144] In this way, the carrier source may know what it will transmit and the time to transmit according to the instruction of the first frame, and may transmit control PPDU and / or energizer PPDU to one or more tags accordingly, thereby realizing uplink scheduling for the tag. In addition, according to the first response, the AMP reader may know whether the carrier source has received the first frame, and may perform subsequent steps accordingly. As such, the carrier source may assist the AMP reader and the tag to communicate with each other, thereby improving the performance of the communication.
[0145] Embodiments of the present disclosure in different cases will be described in conjunction with FIGS. 2A to 18.
[0146] Case 1: the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit the energizer PPDU.
[0147] In an implementation, the method illustrated in FIG. 2A further includes that the AMP reader transmits the control PPDU to a tag. In response to receiving the control PPDU, the tag transmits a second response. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response. Due to the inability of the tag to obtain channel on their own, communication between the AMP reader and the tag may be initiated by the AMP reader. In this way, the AMP reader may schedule an uplink transmission for the tag effectively by transmitting the control PPDU to the tag.
[0148] In an implementation, the method illustrated in FIG. 2A further includes that the AMP reader transmits a third frame to the first device, and the third frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit another energizer PPDU. The third frame may be of the same type or same frame structure as the first frame. In response to receiving the third frame, the carrier source transmits a third response. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the third response. The another energizer PPDU may be used for providing energy to the tag or is used by the second device to backscatter a response, and the third frame may further indicate the transmission duration of the another energizer PPDU. The tag may use the harvested energy to receive the control PPDU from the AMP reader.
[0149] For example, the another energizer PPDU may include a carrier signal used for providing energy to the tag, and the third frame may further indicate the transmission duration of the carrier signal.
[0150] Referring to FIG. 2B which illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method illustrated in FIG. 2B is an example of communication between the AMP reader, the carrier source, and a tag. It is understood that multiple tags may be involved in the communication. In the example shown in FIG. 2B, the carrier source may be an AMP non-AP STA that is capable of transmitting the energizer PPDU upon receiving the AMP reader’s instructions. The first frame is transmitted after the third frame. The energizer PPDU is used by the tag to backscatter a response, and the another energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to the tag, for example, to enable the tag to receive the control frame carrying in the downlink control PPDU transmitted by the AMP reader. In addition, the downlink control PPDU is directly transmitted from the AMP reader to the tag.
[0151] In step 301, the AMP reader transmits third frame to the carrier source, and the third frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit another energizer PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the third frame.
[0152] In step 302, the carrier source transmits a third response to the AMP reader in response to receiving the third frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the third response. The third response may be an acknowledgment of the third frame.
[0153] After receiving the third frame in step 302, in step 303, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU to the tag according to the third frame. The energizer PPDU is another energizer PPDU besides the energizer PPDU in step 307. The energizer PPDU may be broadcasted. Accordingly, the tag receives the another energizer PPDU. The tag may harvest energy from the another energizer PPDU, and may further use the harvested energy to receive and decode the control PPDU that is to be transmitted in step 304. The AMP reader needs to ensure that the carrier signal included in the energizer PPDU provides sufficient energy to the tag such that the tag can maintain its operating state until it receives the next carrier signal in the energizer PPDU at step 307.
[0154] In step 304, the AMP reader transmits the control PPDU to the tag. Accordingly, the tag receives the control PPDU.
[0155] The AMP reader may transmit the control PPDU to the tag shortly after a completion of the transmission of the another energizer PPDU in step 303. The control PPDU may include a downlink AMP frame that carries downlink control information for the tag.
[0156] After transmitting the control PPDU to the tag, the AMP reader may immediately transmit the first frame to the carrier source in step 305. The first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first frame.
[0157] In step 306, the carrier source transmits the first response to the AMP reader in response to receiving the first frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the first response.
[0158] In step 307, the AMP carrier source transmits the energizer PPDU including a carrier signal to the tag, providing the tag with the carrier signal used for backscattering. The energizer PPDU may be broadcasted.
[0159] In step 308, the tag transmits a second response to the AMP reader according to the control PPDU that is received in step 304. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response.
[0160] The tag may transmit the second response according to the information carried in the control PPDU that is received by the tag in step304. The tag may transmit the second response by backscattering the carrier signal that is received by the tag in step 307.
[0161] In addition, the first frame transmitted in step 305 and the third frame transmitted in step 301 may also be used by the AMP reader to share the transmit opportunity (TXOP) obtain by it with the carrier source.
[0162] The procedure shown in FIG. 2B may be implemented in bi-static backscattering scenario. In steps 301, 302, 305 and 306, the AMP reader may communicate with the carrier source using legacy protocols such as 802.11 protocols. In steps 303, 304, 307, and 308, the AMP reader or the carrier source may communicate with the tag using AMP protocols.
[0163] Referring to FIG. 2C which illustrates a device interaction diagram in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The method illustrated in FIG. 2C is an example of communication between the AMP reader, the carrier source, and a tag. It is understood that multiple tags may be involved in the communication. In the example shown in FIG. 2C, the carrier source may be an AMP non-AP STA that is capable of transmitting the energizer PPDU upon receiving the AMP reader’s instructions. The first frame is transmitted before the third frame. The energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to the tag, and the another energizer PPDU is used by the tag to backscatter a response. In addition, the downlink control PPDU is directly transmitted from the AMP reader to the tag.
[0164] In step 401, the AMP reader transmits the first frame to the carrier source. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first frame. The first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU. The energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to the tag.
[0165] In step 402, the carrier source transmits the first response to the AMP reader in response to receiving the first frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the first response.
[0166] In step 403, the AMP carrier source transmits the energizer PPDU including a carrier signal to the tag, providing energy to the tag with the carrier signal. The AMP Reader needs to ensure that the carrier signal included in the energizer PPDU provides sufficient energy to the tag such that the tag can receive the control frame in the control PPDU in step 404 and maintain its operating state until it receives the next carrier signal in the energizer PPDU at step 407. In step 403, the energizer PPDU may be broadcasted.
[0167] The tag may harvest energy from the energizer PPDU, and may further use the harvested energy to receive and decode the control PPDU that is to be transmitted in step 404.
[0168] In step 404, the AMP reader transmits the control PPDU to the tag. Accordingly, the tag receives the control PPDU.
[0169] The AMP reader may transmit the control PPDU to the tag shortly after a completion of the transmission of the energizer PPDU in step 403. The control PPDU may include a downlink AMP frame that carries downlink control information.
[0170] In step 405, the AMP reader transmits third frame to the carrier source, and the third frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit another energizer PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the third frame. The another energizer PPDU is to be used by the tag to backscatter a response.
[0171] In step 406, the carrier source transmits a third response to the AMP reader in response to receiving the third frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the third response. The third response may be an acknowledgment of the third frame.
[0172] In step 407, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU to the tag according to the third frame. Accordingly, the tag receives the energizer PPDU. The energizer PPDU is another energizer PPDU. The another energizer PPDU may be broadcasted.
[0173] In step 408, the tag transmits a second response to the AMP reader according to the control PPDU that is received in step 404. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response.
[0174] The tag may transmit the second response according to the information carried in the control PPDU that is received by the tag in step 404. The tag may transmit the second response by backscattering the carrier signal that is received by the tag in step 407.
[0175] The procedure shown in FIG. 2C may be implemented in bi-static backscattering scenario. In steps 401, 402, 405 and 406, the AMP reader may communicate with the carrier source using legacy protocols such as 802.11 protocols. In steps 403, 404, 407, and 408, the AMP reader or the carrier source may communicate with the tag using AMP protocols.
[0176] FIG. 3 illustrates a bi-static backscattering communication in accordance with the embodiment shown in FIG. 2B.
[0177] Procedures shown in FIG. 3 may start once the AMP reader wins a wireless medium contention and obtains a TXOP. The AMP reader may win the wireless medium using enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) . Although not shown in the figure, the AMP reader may start the TXOP by transmitting a network allocation vector (NAV) setting frame such as a CTS-to-self frame to protect the TXOP.
[0178] After transmitting the CTS-to-self frame, the AMP reader transmits a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame (an example of the third frame) to the carrier source. The MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to share the TXOP with the carrier source and also to instruct the carrier source to transmit an AMP Energizer PPDU (an example of the energizer PPDU) to AMP Tag-1. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. In an example, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame instructs the carrier source to transmit an AMP Energizer PPDU short interframe space (SIFS) after the carrier source transmits a clear to send (CTS) frame. The AMP Energizer PPDU carries a carrier signal.
[0179] The MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame further indicates a first shared TXOP during which the carrier source and / or AMP Tag-1 may transmit signals. The AMP reader ensures that the duration of the first shared TXOP is long enough for the carrier source to transmit enough carrier signal to power the AMP tag-1 such that the tag can maintain its operating state until it receives the next carrier signal.
[0180] After receiving the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the carrier source acknowledges the instruction of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame by transmitting a CTS frame to the AMP reader. The CTS frame is transmitted SIFS after the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is received.
[0181] The carrier signal transmits, according to the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the energizer PPDU to the AMP Tag-1 SIFS after the CTS frame is transmitted. Accordingly, the AMP Tag-1 receives the energizer PPDU. The carrier source may estimate the duration of transmission of the carrier signal based on the duration of the first shared TXOP. The energizer PPDU may include a legacy preamble, an AMP preamble, and a carrier signal. After receiving the energizer PPDU, the AMP Tag-1 may decode the AMP preamble and harvest energy from the carrier signal while the AMP Tag-1 may not be able to decode the legacy preamble.
[0182] Point coordination function inter-frame space (PIFS) after the end of the first shared TXOP, the AMP reader may transmit a control PPDU to the AMP Tag-1. The control PPDU may include a legacy preamble and an AMP frame. The AMP frame is an AMP Poll frame used to initiate a random access session. A Transmitter ID field is set as an AMP ID of the AMP reader if it is present in a MAC header of the AMP frame. The control PPDU is further used to take back the first shared TXOP (i.e., to end the first shared TXOP) . Upon receiving the control PPDU carrying the AMP Poll frame, the AMP Tag-1 prepares to participate in the random access session. It is also possible that the AMP Poll may be carried in an AMP DL PPDU instead which also includes carrier signal transmitted by the AMP reader for the tag in addition to the downlink control frame. This is to ensure that the tags have enough energy to maintain their operating state until the reception of the next carrier signal.
[0183] SIFS after the end of the transmission of the control PPDU, the AMP reader transmits another MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame (an example of the first frame) to the carrier source. The MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to share the TXOP with the carrier source and also to instruct the carrier source to transmit an AMP Energizer PPDU (an example of the energizer PPDU) to the AMP Tag-1. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame.
[0184] The MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame further indicates a second shared TXOP during which the carrier source and / or AMP Tag-1 may transmit signals. The AMP Energizer PPDU carries a carrier signal, and during the second shared TXOP, the carrier signal is used for backscattering. The AMP reader ensures that the duration of the second shared TXOP is long enough for the carrier source to transmit enough carrier signal to the AMP Tag-1, so that the AMP Tag-1 may use the carrier signal for backscattering to complete the random access session to complete its uplink response AMP frame.
[0185] Similar to the procedures in the first shared TXOP, after receiving the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the carrier source acknowledges the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame by transmitting a CTS frame to the AMP reader.
[0186] In addition, the carrier source transmits, according to the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the energizer PPDU to the AMP Tag-1 SIFS after the CTS frame is transmitted. Accordingly, the AMP Tag-1 receives the energizer PPDU. The carrier source may estimate the duration of transmission of the carrier signal based on the duration of the second shared TXOP. The energizer PPDU may include a legacy preamble, an AMP preamble, and a carrier signal. After receiving the energizer PPDU, the AMP Tag-1 decodes the AMP preamble and harvest energy from the carrier signal while the AMP Tag-1 may not be able to decode the legacy preamble.
[0187] Since the AMP Tag-1 has received the AMP poll frame, upon receiving the carrier signal, the AMP Tag-1 backscatters an AMP response frame to the AMP reader in a randomly chosen slot as per the AMP random access protocol. The AMP response frame is based on the AMP Poll frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the AMP response frame. As such, the random access session is completed.
[0188] For example, the duration of the second shared TXOP may be the same or different from the first shared TXOP.
[0189] In an implementation, the first frame includes a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal. In this way, the carrier source may know the time resources for transmitting the energizer PPDU according to the first field. Moreover, the carrier source may know whether to transmit the carrier signal according to the second field.
[0190] The first frame may further include a third field indicating an existence of the first field. As such, the carrier source may know whether the first field exists in the first frame, and may determine whether to obtain information from the first field.
[0191] FIG. 4 illustrates an enhanced version of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure and may be known as AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. As shown in FIG. 4, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame includes a 2-octet Frame Control field for indicating basic attributes and control information of the frame, a 2-octet Duration field for indicating duration of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, a 6-octet RA field for indicating the MAC address of the receiving non-AP STA, i.e., the carrier source, a 6-octet TA field for indicating the MAC address of the transmitting STA, i.e., the AMP reader, an 8-octet Common Info field for indicating common control information for one or more addressed non-AP STAs, a 5-octet User Info field for indicating control information specific to a particular device (in this example, the carrier source) , a 0-octet Padding field for indicating filling information, and a 4-octet FCS field for indicating check information related to the frame.
[0192] For example, the Common Info field includes a 4-bit Trigger Type field for indicating MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, a 12-bit Reserved field, a 1-bit More TF field for indicating if more Trigger frames (e.g., MU-RTS TXS Trigger frames or other Trigger frames) will follow this Trigger frame, a 1-bit CS Required field for indicating whether the carrier source is required to perform a carrier sensing before transmitting the CTS frame, a 2-bit UL BW field for indicating the bandwidth to be used for the CTS frame, a 2-bit Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field (an example of the third field) for indicating information about the TXOP sharing procedure or the existence of an Enhanced TXS modes field, a 2-bit Enhanced TXS modes field (an example of the first field) for indicating operation during the shared TXOP, a 30-bit Reserved field, a 2-bits field Reserved or EHT bits for indicating control information specific to 802.11be (EHT) non-AP STAs, and an 8-bit Reserved field.
[0193] For example, the User Info field includes a 12-bit AID12 field for indicating associated identifier (AID) of the AMP non-AP STA co-located with the AMP carrier source, an 8-bit RU Allocation field for indicating the resource unit (RU) assigned to the carrier source, a 9-bit Allocation Duration field for indicating the duration of the shared TXOP, a 10-bit AMP Info field for indicating AMP specific control information such as transmission of the carrier signal and the control PPDU, and a 1-bit Reserved or PS160 field for indicating bandwidth wider than 160 MHz when applicable.
[0194] For example, the AMP Info field includes a 1-bit Carrier Signal Required field for indicating whether the carrier signal is required to be transmitted, a 1-bit AMP Frame Info Present field for indicating whether the control PPDU is required to be transmitted, and an 8-bit Reserved field.
[0195] As described above, in the example shown in FIG. 4, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame includes a User Info field, which includes a 10-bit AMP Info field, and the AMP Info field includes a Carrier Signal Required field which indicates transmission of the carrier signal. That is, the Carrier Signal Required field is an example of the second field.
[0196] Referring to Table 1 which illustrates information indicated by the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field, in a case where the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field is set to 3, the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field indicates the existence of the Enhance TXS Mode field.
[0197] In a case where the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field is set to 0, the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field does not initiate triggered TXOP sharing procedure.
[0198] In a case where the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field is set to 1, the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field initiates triggered TXOP sharing procedure where a scheduled STA can only transmit MPDU (s) addressed to its associated AP.
[0199] In a case where the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field is set to 2, the Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode field initiates triggered TXOP sharing procedure where a scheduled STA can only transmit MPDU (s) addressed to its associated AP or addressed to another STA.
[0200] Table 1 Triggered TXOP Sharing Mode subfield encoding
[0201] Referring to Table 2 which illustrates information indicated by the Enhanced TXS modes field, in a case where the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 1, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to initiate a triggered TXOP sharing procedure for AMP channel access, for example, to share TXOP for AMP bi-static backscatter channel access. Moreover, in a case where the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 1, the AMP Info field is present in the User Info field and carries the Carrier Signal Required field and the AMP Frame Info Present field.
[0202] In a case where the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 0, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to initiate a TXS procedure for non-AMP relay operation, that is, to share a TXOP for non-AMP (i.e., mainstream 802.11) relay operations.
[0203] In a case where the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 2, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to initiate TXS procedure for AMP relay communication, that is, to share TXOP for AMP relay operations. While the value of 3 is reserved.
[0204] Table 2 Enhance TXS Mode subfield encoding
[0205] In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, in both MU-RTS TXS Trigger frames, the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 1 and the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to share TXOP for AMP bi-static backscatter channel access. The AID12 field in the User Info field is set as the 12 least significant bits (LSBs) of the AID of the AMP non-AP STA co-located with the AMP carrier source. The Carrier Signal Required fields are set to 1 to indicate that the carrier source is instructed to transmit a carrier signal. While the AMP Frame Info Present fields are set to 0 to indicate that the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame does not include the content of an AMP frame. The Allocation Duration field indicates the shared TXOP duration. The carrier source estimates the duration of the carrier signal based on the value of the Allocation Duration field of the Energizer PPDU after deducting the overhead of the CTS frame, overhead of the PHY header (including the legacy preamble and any AMP preamble) , and the IFSs (e.g., two SIFs shown in FIG. 3) from the shared TXOP duration.
[0206] FIGS. 5A-5C together illustrate an example of a communication method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The procedure in FIG. 5A is first performed, the procedure in FIG. 5B is performed subsequently, and the procedure in FIG. 5B is performed at last. The procedures utilizing the bi-static backscattering include a time-slot based random access session and a triggered transmission phase. The procedures involve an AMP reader, a carrier source, and four tag form AMP non-AP STAs (i.e., AMP Tags 1, 2, 3 and 4) . The random access session spans two TXOPs (i.e., TXOP-1 and TXOP-2) , followed by the triggered transmission phase in another TXOP (i.e., TXOP-3) .
[0207] Once the AMP reader wins the wireless medium contention and obtains a first TXOP (i.e., TXOP-1) , the AMP reader transmits an AMP Poll frame to start a new random access session in subsequent slots which may or may not be consecutive slots. According to a value of contention window (CW) indicated by the ECW parameter in the AMP Poll frame, number of the slots is calculated by 2 to the power of ECW. In the example shown in FIG. 5A, the AMP Poll frame indicates ECW = 3, which means that the random access session is to be completed in 8 slots. It is also possible that the AMP Poll may be carried in an AMP DL PPDU instead which also includes carrier signal transmitted by the AMP reader for the tag in addition to the downlink control frame. This is to ensure that the tags have enough energy to maintain their operating state until the reception of the next carrier signal.
[0208] Subsequently, the AMP reader transmits an AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to share TXOP-1 with the carrier source and to instruct the carrier source to transmit an Energizer PPDU carrying the carrier signal to the AMP Tags, such that the transmission time duration of the carrier signal is long enough for the AMP Tags to backscatter their responses in the TXOP-1.
[0209] Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame indicating ECW = 3, each of the four AMP tags that qualify to participate in the random access session randomly picks a slot for transmitting the response from the eight slots. The AMP tags may determine whether they are qualified based on the Network ID carried in the AMP Poll frame. In an example, each of the four AMP tags picks a slot from slot_counter (SC) in the range [0, 7] . AMP Tag 1 picks a SC = 1, AMP Tag 2 picks a SC = 2, AMP Tag 3 picks a SC = 4 and AMP Tag 4 picks a SC = 7.
[0210] After receiving the energizer PPDU with the carrier signal, AMP Tags 1 and 2 transmit their response frames in slot 1 and slot 2 by backscattering the carrier signal, respectively. Moreover, AMP Tags 1 and 2 transmit the responses with the requested response types (i.e., STA-1 ID and STA-2 ID) , respectively.
[0211] Since TXOP-1 only includes four slots (i.e., slots 0, 1, 2, and 3) , and AMP Tags 3 and 4 determine to transmit the responses in slot 4 and slot 7, respectively, the random access session cannot be completed in TXOP-1. In such case, the AMP reader contends for the wireless medium to continue the random access session. Once the AMP reader wins the wireless medium contention and obtains another TXOP (i.e., TXOP-2) , it transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame to the AMP Tags to continue the random access session. Upon receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame, the AMP Tags 3 and 4 verify that they qualify to participate in the random access session. The AMP tags may determine whether they are qualified based on the Network ID carried in the AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0212] Subsequently, the AMP reader transmits an AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to share its TXOP-2 with the carrier source and to instruct it to transmit an Energizer PPDU carrying a carrier signal to the AMP Tags, such that the transmission time duration of the carrier signal is long enough for the AMP Tags to backscatter their responses in slot 4 and slot 7, respectively.
[0213] After receiving the energizer PPDU with the carrier signal, the AMP Tags 3 and 4 transmit their response frames in slot 4 and slot 7 by backscattering the carrier signal, respectively. Moreover, the AMP Tags 3 and 4 transmit the responses with the requested response types (i.e., STA-3 ID and STA-4 ID) , respectively.
[0214] After completing the random access session and collecting the STA IDs of the four AMP tags, the AMP reader proceeds to the triggered transmission phase in TXOP-3, in which it solicits uplink responses (e.g., carrying sensor data, etc. ) from the AMP Tags 1 and 2 by transmitting an AMP Request frame to the AMP Tags 1 and 2, respectively.
[0215] Taking the triggered transmission phase of the AMP Tag 1 as an example, the AMP reader first transmits an AMP Request frame with Tag-1 ID to the AMP Tag 1, instructing the AMP Tag 1 to transmit data as response. Subsequently, the AMP reader transmits a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the carrier source, instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU to the AMP Tag 1. The carrier source transmits a CTS frame in response to the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, and then transmits the energizer PPDU with the carrier signal to the AMP Tag 1. Upon receiving the carrier signal, the AMP Tag 1 transmits an AMP response carrying data to the AMP reader by backscattering the carrier signal. The triggered transmission phase of the AMP Tag 2 is similar to the AMP Tag 1, detailed description of which may not be repeated here.
[0216] Only the shared TXOPs for the AMP tags to transmit response are in shown in FIGA. 5A-5C. It is understood that in each of TXOP-1, TXOP-2, and TXOP-3, before the AMP reader transmits the AMP Poll, AMP Re-Poll, and AMP Request, there may be another MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame followed by a shared TXOP for the AMP tag to harvest energy like the first TXOP in FIG. 3
[0217] Case 2: the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU and a control PPDU.
[0218] In some embodiments, the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU to the tag. The carrier source transmits the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU to the tag according to an instruction of the first frame. Accordingly, the tag receives the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU. The tag transmits a second response to the AMP reader based on the control PPDU. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response.
[0219] In such case, both the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted to the tag by the carrier source. As such, in addition to enabling the tag to backscatter a response, the carrier source may further determine when to transmit the control PPDU, thereby controlling communication between the AMP reader and the tag and improving the flexibility of the communication. Moreover, the AMP reader does not need to control every step of the communication, and energy consumption of the AMP reader may be reduced.
[0220] In an implementation, the AMP reader further transmits third frame to the carrier source, and the third frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit another energizer PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the third frame. The carrier source transmits a third response to the AMP reader in response to the third frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the third response.
[0221] Referring to FIG. 6 which illustrates a device interaction diagram involving an AMP reader, a carrier source and a tag, in accordance with some embodiments. In the example shown in FIG. 6, the carrier source is assumed to be an AMP non-AP STA that has an ability to transmit a control PPDU including a downlink AMP control signal (e.g., AMP frame) as well as transmit an energizer PPDU including a carrier signal after receiving the AMP reader’s instructions.
[0222] Steps 601, 602, and 603 are the same as steps 301, 302, and 303, respectively.
[0223] In step 604, the AMP reader transmits a first frame to the carrier source. The first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU and the control PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first frame.
[0224] The first frame may indicate a duration for which the energizer PPDU is required to be transmitted. The energizer PPDU may include a carrier signal used by the tag to backscatter its response. The first frame may indicate a duration for which the carrier signal is required to be transmitted. Moreover, the first frame may indicate content of the control PPDU.
[0225] Step 605 is the same as step 306.
[0226] In step 606, the carrier source transmits the control PPDU to the tag according to an instruction of the first frame. Accordingly, the tag receives the control PPDU. The control PPDU may include a downlink AMP frame that carries downlink control information. The control PPDU may be broadcasted.
[0227] The carrier source may determine when to transmit the control PPDU. In an example, the carrier source may transmit the control PPDU to the tag shortly after transmitting the first response in step 605.
[0228] Step 607 is the same as step 307.
[0229] It will be understood that the control PPDU that is transmitted in step 606 and the energizer PPDU that is transmitted in step 607 may be transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs.
[0230] In step 608, the tag transmits a second response to the AMP reader according to the control PPDU that is received in step 606. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response.
[0231] The tag may transmit the second response according to information carried in the control PPDU. The tag may transmit the second response by backscattering the carrier signal that is received by the tag in step 607.
[0232] The procedure shown in FIG. 6 may be implemented in bi-static backscattering scenario. In steps 601, 602, 604 and 605, the AMP reader may communicate with the carrier source using legacy protocols such as 802.11 protocols. In steps 603, 606, 607 and 608, the AMP reader or the carrier source may communicate with the tag using AMP protocols.
[0233] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 6 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0234] Details of the procedure may refer to the description related to FIG. 3, which will not be repeated here. The main difference from the procedure shown in FIG. 3 is that the control PPDU is transmitted to the tag by the carrier source instead of the AMP reader, and the AMP reader uses a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to instruct the carrier source to transmit the control PPDU.
[0235] As shown in FIG. 7, a TXOP includes two shared TXOPs (i.e., a first shared TXOP and a second TXOP) . The AMP reader transmits a first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the carrier source to share the TXOP and to instruct the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU to the tag (s) .
[0236] The carrier source transmits a CTS frame to the AMP reader in response to receiving the first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. According to the instruction of the first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU with a carrier signal to the AMP tag-1, providing the AMP tag-1 with power.
[0237] At the end of the duration of the first shared TXOP, the AMP reader takes back the first shared TXOP by transmitting a second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame within a PIFS. The second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is further used to again share the TXOP (i.e., to share the second shared TXOP) with the carrier source. In addition, the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame instructs the carrier source to transmit a control PPDU carrying a downlink control frame as well as to transmit another AMP Energizer PPDU carrying a carrier signal to the tag (s) . This carrier signal is for the tag (s) to backscatter its AMP response frame.
[0238] For example, the downlink control frame may be an AMP Poll frame to initiate a random access. The AMP reader ensures that a duration of the second shared TXOP is long enough for the carrier source to transmit the control PPDU as well as enough carrier signal for backscattering so that the tag (s) may complete its uplink AMP response frame. The carrier source acknowledges the instruction of the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame by transmitting a CTS frame to the AMP reader.
[0239] SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits the control PPDU carrying the AMP Poll frame according to instruction of the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. Upon receiving the AMP Poll frame, the AMP tag-1 prepares itself to participate in the random access session.
[0240] The carrier source then transmits another energizer PPDU with a carrier signal to the AMP tag-1. The carrier source may estimate a transmission duration of the carrier signal by deducting an overhead of the CTS frame, overhead of the AMP frame, overhead of a PHY header (including a legacy preamble and any AMP preamble) , and applicable SIFSs from the duration of the second shared TXOP.
[0241] Upon receiving the carrier signal, the AMP tag-1 backscatters its AMP response frame to the AMP reader. As such, the random access session for the AMP tag-1 is completed.
[0242] In an implementation, the first frame includes a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU. In this way, the carrier source may know time resources for transmitting the energizer PPDU according to the first field. Moreover, the carrier source may know when to transmit the carrier signal and / or the control PPDU according to the second field.
[0243] The control PPDU may include an AMP frame, and the first frame may further includes at least one of: a field indicating identifiers (IDs) of the carrier source and the tag, a field indicating content of the AMP frame, a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, or a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.
[0244] In a case where the first frame includes a field indicating IDs of the carrier source and the tag, the carrier source may receive the first frame according to the ID of the carrier source, and may further transmit the control signal to the tag according to the ID of the tag.
[0245] In a case where the first frame includes a field indicating content of the AMP frame, the carrier source may know information to be carried in the AMP frame, and may accordingly transmit the AMP frame carrying the information to the tag.
[0246] In a case where the first frame includes a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, the carrier may determine or generate the AMP frame according to the length indicated by the first frame.
[0247] In a case where the first frame includes a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP frame, the carrier source may determine or generate the AMP frame according to information carried in the frame control field of the AMP frame.
[0248] FIG. 8 illustrates frame structures of an MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and an AMP frame, and a relationship between the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and the AMP frame, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0249] The first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame and the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame described above may be of the same frame structure. Description of general format and some fields of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame may refer to the description of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame in FIG. 4, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0250] The main difference from FIG. 4 is that some reserved fields in FIG. 4 are no longer reserved in FIG. 8 and are used to indicate information.
[0251] In an example, in a case where an AMP Frame Info Present field in an AMP Info field of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set to 1, 8 bits in the AMP Info field after the AMP Frame Info Present field which are reserved in FIG. 4 are now act as an AMP Frame FC field which is used to construct a Frame Control field in an MAC Header field of the AMP frame.
[0252] Moreover, in a case where the AMP Frame Info Present field is set to 1, several reserved fields in a Common Info field in the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame shown in FIG. 4 are now used to carry content of the AMP frame.
[0253] For example, 12 bits after a Trigger Type field in the Common Info field which are reserved in FIG. 4 are now used to carry a Receiver ID-1 field which is used to indicate first 12 bits of a Receiver ID field of the AMP frame. 30 bits after an Enhance TXS modes field in the Common Info field which are reserved in FIG. 4 are used to carry an AMP Frame Body-1 field which is used to indicate first 30 bits of an AMP Frame Body field of the AMP frame. While the last 8 bits in the Common Info field which are reserved in FIG. 4 are now used to carry an AMP Frame Info field. The AMP Frame Info field includes a 4-bit Receiver ID-2 field which is used to indicate the last 4 bits of the Receiver ID field of the AMP frame. The AMP Frame Info field further includes a 2-bit AMP Frame Body Length field that is used to indicate a length of the AMP Frame Body field to be carried in the AMP frame, and the length is 1, 2, 3 or 4 octets. The AMP Frame Info field further includes a 2-bit AMP Frame Body-2 field which is used to indicate the last 2 bits of the AMP Frame Body field.
[0254] The AMP Frame FC field shares the same format as the Frame Control field of an AMP frame (shown in the right bottom of FIG. 8) and includes a Receiver ID Present field. If the Receiver ID Present field in the AMP Frame FC field is set as 0, the Receiver ID-1 field and the Receiver ID-2 field are reserved. If the Receiver ID Present field is set as 1, the Receiver ID-1 field and the Receiver ID-2 field together carry the Receiver ID to be set in the MAC header field of the AMP frame.
[0255] The AMP Frame Body-1 field and the AMP Frame Body-2 field together carry the content to be set as the Frame Body of the AMP frame. If the AMP Frame Body Length field indicates that the length of the Frame Body field to be carried in the AMP frame is less than 4 octets, only the AMP Frame Body-1 field is used to construct the Frame Body field of the AMP frame. The Transmitter ID field, if present, is set as the ID of the carrier source. The Length field, if present, and the FCS field are generated by the carrier source.
[0256] In a case where the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 1, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to share TXOP for AMP bi-static backscatter channel access. In such case, the AMP Info field is present in the User Info field and includes a Carrier Signal Required field and the AMP Frame Info Present field.
[0257] For the procedure described in FIG. 7, in each MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the Enhanced TXS modes field is set to 1, and each MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is used to share the TXOP for AMP bi-static backscatter channel access.
[0258] An AID12 field in the User Info field in each MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set as an address ID (AID) of the AMP non-AP STA that is co-located with the carrier source. A duration of the shared TXOP is indicated in an Allocation Duration field in the User Info field.
[0259] The Carrier Signal Required field in each MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set to 1 to indicate that the AMP carrier source is instructed to transmit a carrier signal.
[0260] The AMP Frame Info Present field in each MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set to 1 to indicate that the AMP carrier source is also instructed to transmit a control PPDU. In this case, the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame carries fields required for the carrier source to construct the AMP frame to be carried in the control PPDU.
[0261] The AMP frame includes a MAC Header field with length of 16, 24, 32, 40 or 48 bits. The AMP frame further includes a Frame Body field with variable size, and the Frame Body field is used to carry the control information. The AMP frame further includes a 16-bit FCS field which is used to indicate check information related to the AMP frame.
[0262] The MAC Header field includes an 8-bit Frame Control field, an optional 16-bit Transmitter ID field which is used to indicate the ID of the carrier source, an optional 16-bit Receiver ID field which is used to indicate the ID of the tag, and an optional 8-bit Length field which is used to indicate the length of the Frame Body field of the AMP frame.
[0263] FIGS. 10A-10B illustrate an example of a communication method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The procedure in FIG. 10A is performed before the procedure in FIG. 10B. Similar to the procedures in TXOP-1 and TXOP-2 shown in FIGS. 5A-5B, the procedures in FIGS. 10A-10B utilizing the bi-static backscattering include a time-slot based random access session and a triggered transmission phase. The procedures involve an AMP reader, a carrier source, and four tag form AMP non-AP STAs (i.e., AMP tags 1, 2, 3 and 4) . The random access session spans two TXOPs (i.e., TXOP-1 and TXOP-2) , followed by a triggered transmission phase in another TXOP (i.e., TXOP-3) .
[0264] Description of the procedures in FIGS. 10A-10B may refer to the description of the procedures in TXOP-1 and TXOP-2 in FIGS. 5A-5B, details of which will not be repeated here. The main difference from FIGS. 5A-5B is that the control PPDUs carrying the AMP Poll frame or the AMP Re-Poll frame are transmitted by the carrier source instead of the AMP Reader.
[0265] In some cases, the carrier source is co-located with an AMP non-AP STA that only supports pre-HE 802.11 protocols (i.e., 802.11 protocols older than 802.11ax, e.g., 11a, 11b, 11g, 11n or 11ac) . Since the pre-HE 802.11 protocols do not support the MU-RTS based TXOP sharing protocol (e.g., do not support using the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame) , reverse direction grant (RDG) based TXOP sharing protocol may be used for the carrier source that is co-located with the AMP non-AP STA that only supports pre-HE 802.11 protocols. As such, the proposed method may support legacy protocols and may be backward compatible.
[0266] FIG. 15 illustrates another example of bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 6 in accordance with some embodiments.
[0267] The procedure shown in FIG. 15 is similar to that in FIG. 7. The main difference is that in FIG. 15, a single HT Action frame (i.e., an AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame) is used to share the AMP reader’s TXOP to the carrier source as well as to indicate content of the control PPDU. The AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame also carries instruction on how a carrier signal is to be transmitted and a duration that the carrier signal is to be transmitted.
[0268] As shown in FIG. 15, the AMP reader first transmits a first AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame to the carrier source, instructing the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU SIFS after an acknowledgment (ACK) . Accordingly, the carrier source receives the first AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame. In the first shared TXOP that is indicated by a Duration field of the AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame, SIF afterwards, the carrier source transmits an ACK in response to the first AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame. SIFS after the ACK, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU with a carrier signal to the AMP tag-1.
[0269] SIFS after the first shared TXOP, the AMP reader transmits a second AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame to the carrier source. The second AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame carries information about content of the AMP frame (e.g., AMP Poll) to be transmitted by the carrier source, and further instructs the carrier source to transmit a Control+Energizer PPDU SIFS after ACK. SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits an ACK to the AMP reader in response to the second AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the ACK.
[0270] In the second shared TXOP indicated by a Duration field of the second AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame, SIFS after the ACK, the carrier source transmits a Control+Energizer PPDU to the AMP tag-1, and the Control+Energizer PPDU includes an AMP Poll frame and a carrier signal. Accordingly, the AMP tag-1 receives the Control+Energizer PPDU.
[0271] Upon receiving the Control+Energizer PPDU, the AMP tag-1 transmits an AMP response to the AMP reader based on the AMP poll frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the AMP response. As such, the procedure of communication between the AMP reader and the AMP tag-1 is completed.
[0272] As described above, the AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame (simply put, HT Action frame) may be used to trigger the transmission of the AMP PPDUs by the AMP Carrier Source as well as to carry the complete AMP frame (including MAC Header and FCS) to be transmitted by the AMP Carrier Source in the AMP Control PPDU. The use of the HT Action frame may enable non-HE non-AP STAs to act as host for the AMP Carrier Source.
[0273] FIG. 16 illustrates the frame structure of the AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame. The setting of some key fields in the frame is described below.
[0274] As shown in FIG. 16, the AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame includes a 2-octet Frame Control field, a 2-octet Duration field for indicating time allocated for the reverse direction grant , a 6-octet Address 1 field for indicating the MAC address of the AMP non-AP STA that is co-located with the Carrier Source, a 6-octet Address 2 field for indicating the MAC address of the AMP STA that is co-located with the AMP Reader, a 6-octet Address 3 field for indicating the BSSID of the BSS to which the STAs belong , a 2-octet Sequence Control field for indicating the sequence number of the frame, a 4-octet HT Control field for indicating various control information, a Frame Body field of variable size, and a 2-octet FCS field for indicating cyclic redundancy check (CRC) .
[0275] The Frame Control field includes a 2-bit Type field for indicating frame type (Management) , a 4-bit Subtype field for indicating Action, and a 1-bit +HTC field for indicating the presence of the HT Control field in the MAC Header.
[0276] The HT control field includes a 1-bit RDG / More PPDU field for indicating a reverse direction grant (RDG) .
[0277] The Frame Body field includes a Category field for indicating the category of Action frame (= HT) , an HT Action field for indicating the type of HT Action frame, and an AMP Backscattering Control field for indicating control information related to AMP bi-static backscattering.
[0278] The AMP Backscattering Control field includes a 2-octet Control field for indicating control information related to the AMP Frame field and an AMP Frame field of variable size for carrying the AMP frame content.
[0279] The Control field includes a 2-bit Carrier Signal Info field for indicating whether a carrier signal is to be transmitted and how it is to be transmitted as shown in Table X and a Frame Length field for indicating the size of the AMP Frame field in octets, while other 4 bits are reserved.
[0280] Table 3 illustrates HT Action field values and corresponding descriptions.
[0281] In a case where the HT Action field is set to 0, it indicates the channel width. In a case where the HT Action field is set to 1, it indicates SM Power Save. In a case where the HT Action field is set to 7, it indicates ASEL Indices Feedback. In a case where the HT Action field is set to 8, it indicates that the frame is an AMP Backscattering Control HT Action frame. While values 9-255 are reserved.
[0282] Table 3 HT Action field
[0283] In the example shown in FIG. 15, the +HTC field in the Frame Control field is set to 1 to indicate that the HT Control field is included in the MAC Header field. The RDG / More PPDU field in the HT Control field is set to 1 to indicate the reverse direction grant to the AMP Carrier Source. The Category field in the Frame Body field is set as HT. The HT Action field in the Frame Body field is set to indicate AMP Backscattering control. Moreover, the carrier source may simply copy the content of the AMP frame field and constructs the AMP PPDU carrying the AMP frame. The carrier source may further use the time allocated in the Duration field to calculate the duration of the carrier signal.
[0284] In some embodiments, the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the AMP reader further transmits a second frame to the carrier source. The second frame is used to indicate content of the control PPDU. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the second frame. The carrier source then transmits a fourth response to the AMP reader in response to the second frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the fourth response.
[0285] In such case, the content of the control PPDU is indicated by the second frame instead of the first frame. As such, overhead of bits carried in the first frame may be reduced, or bits in the first frame that are used to indicate the content of the control PPDU previously may be used to indicate other information.
[0286] Referring to FIG. 12 which illustrates a device interaction diagram involving an AMP reader, a carrier source and a tag, in accordance with some embodiments. In the example shown in FIG. 12, the carrier source is assumed to be an AMP non-AP STA that has an ability to transmit a control PPDU including a downlink AMP control signal (e.g., AMP frame) as well as transmit an energizer PPDU including a carrier signal upon receiving the AMP reader’s instructions.
[0287] The procedure shown in FIG. 12 is similar to the procedure shown in FIG. 6 except for two differences:
[0288] 1) instead of carrying the content of the AMP frame in the same message carrying the instruction for transmitting the control PPDU, the AMP reader transmits an independent 802.11 frame carrying the content of the AMP frame to the carrier source prior to transmitting the instruction to transmit the control PPDU.
[0289] 2) instead of transmitting two separate PPDUs, the carrier source transmits the Control+Energizer PPDU carrying both the AMP frame and the carrier signal in a single PPDU.
[0290] In step 1200, the AMP reader transmits a second frame for indicating content of the control PPDU to the carrier source. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the second frame. The control PPDU is to be transmitted in subsequent step 1206.
[0291] Steps 1201, 1203, 1204, and 1025 are the same as the steps 601, 603, 604, and 625, details of which may not be repeated here.
[0292] In step 1206, the carrier source transmits a Control+Energizer PPDU to the tag according to the instruction of the first frame. Accordingly, the tag receives the Control+Energizer PPDU. The Control+Energizer PPDU includes both the AMP frame and the carrier signal in a single PPDU. The AMP frame carries control information, and the carrier signal is to be used by the tag for backscattering. The Control+Energizer PPDU may be broadcasted.
[0293] It will be understood that the Control+Energizer PPDU may also be transmitted separately as a control PPDU and an energizer PPDU.
[0294] In step 1207, the tag transmits a second response to the AMP reader based on the AMP frame carried in the Control+Energizer PPDU. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the second response.
[0295] The tag may transmit the second response according to information carried in the AMP frame in the Control+Energizer PPDU. The tag may transmit the second response by backscattering the carrier signal that is carried in the Control+Energizer PPDU.
[0296] The procedure shown in FIG. 12 may be implemented in bi-static backscattering scenario. In steps 1200, 1201, 1202, 1204 and 1205, the AMP reader may communicate with the carrier source using legacy protocols such as 802.11 protocols. In steps 1203, 1206 and 1207, the AMP reader or the carrier source may communicate with the tag using AMP protocols.
[0297] FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a bi-static backscattering communication shown in FIG. 12, in accordance with some embodiments.
[0298] Description of the procedure may refer to the description related to FIG. 7, details of which will not be repeated here. Similar to FIG. 7, procedure shown in FIG. 13 also includes two shared TXOP (i.e., a first shared TXOP and a second shared TXOP) , each of which is indicated by a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. During the first TXOP, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU with a carrier signal to provide energy to the AMP tag-1. The procedure before the first shared TXOP and the procedure in the second shared TXOP are different from that in FIG. 7.
[0299] The main differences from the procedure shown in FIG. 7 are as follows:
[0300] 1) instead of carrying the content of the AMP frame in the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame, the AMP reader transmits an AMP Action frame carrying the content of the AMP frame to the carrier source prior to transmitting the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame carrying instruction to transmit the control PPDU; and
[0301] 2) instead of transmitting two separate PPDUs (i.e., control PPDU and energizer PPDU) , the carrier source transmits a Control+Energizer PPDU carrying both the downlink AMP frame and the carrier signal in a single PPDU. The Control+Energizer PPDU may simply be referred to as AMP DL PPDU and represents a PPDU that carries both an AMP Control frame as well as carrier signal.
[0302] The type (s) of PPDU to be used (i.e., whether to transmit the Control+Energizer PPDU or transmit the energizer PPDU and control PPDU separately) may be indicated by the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame.
[0303] In an implementation, the first frame further includes a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs. As such, different ways for transmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are designed, thereby improving the flexibility of transmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU.
[0304] As described above, the type (s) of PPDU to be used (i.e., whether to transmit the Control+Energizer PPDU or transmit the energizer PPDU and control PPDU separately) may be indicated by the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame. FIG. 14A illustrates an example of a frame structure of a MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0305] The frame structure of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame shown in FIG. 14A is similar to that in FIG. 4. Description of the frame structure of the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame shown in FIG. 14A may refer to that in FIG. 4, details of which will not be repeated here.
[0306] The main difference from FIG. 4 is that in FIG. 14C, the AMP Info field in the MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame includes a 2-bit Carrier Signal Info field while other 8 bits are reserved. The Carrier Signal Info field indicates whether the carrier signal and / or the control PPDU is to be transmitted by the carrier source and how the carrier signal and / or the control PPDU is to be transmitted. Table 4 illustrates Carrier Signal Info field value and corresponding description.
[0307] Table 4: Carrier Signal Info field
[0308] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 0, the carrier source is instructed to transmit an energizer PPDU.
[0309] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 1, the carrier source is instructed to transmit a control PPDU.
[0310] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 2, the carrier source is instructed to transmit a separate energizer PPDU immediately after the carrier source transmits a control PPDU.
[0311] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 3, the carrier source is instructed to transmit a carrier signal and control information in the same PPDU (e.g., in an Control+Energizer PPDU) .
[0312] FIG. 14B illustrates possible configurations of PPDUs transmitted by the carrier source in accordance with some embodiments.
[0313] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 0 (i.e., is set to bits "00" ) , the energizer PPDU includes an 802.11 Preamble, Reference symbols, and a carrier signal.
[0314] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 1 (i.e., is set to bits "01" ) , the control PPDU includes an 802.11 Preamble, AMP-Sync frame, AMP-SIG frame, and an AMP frame.
[0315] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 2 (i.e., is set to bits "10" ) , the control PPDU includes an 802.11 Preamble, AMP-Sync frame, AMP-SIG frame, and an AMP frame. SIFS afterwards, an energizer PPDU is transmitted, and the energizer PPDU includes an 802.11 Preamble, Reference symbols, and a carrier signal.
[0316] In a case where the Carrier Signal Info field value is set to 3 (i.e., is set to bits "11" ) , the AMP Control+Energizer PPDU includes an 802.11 Preamble, AMP-Sync frame, AMP-SIG frame, an AMP frame, Reference symbols, and a carrier signal.
[0317] FIG. 14C illustrates a frame structure of an AMP Action frame in accordance with some embodiments.
[0318] The AMP Action frame includes a Category field, an AMP Action field, and an AMP Frame Info field. The Category field is used to indicate a type of the AMP Action frame, the AMP Action field is used to indicate type of the AMP Action frame, and the AMP Frame Info field is used to carry the content of the AMP frame to be transmitted by the carrier source.
[0319] In a case where the AMP Action field value is set to 0, it indicates WPT Trigger. In a case where the AMP Action field value is set to 1, it indicates the presence of the AMP Frame Info field. The AMP Action field values of 2-255 may be reserved.
[0320] In the example shown in FIG. 13, the Category field of the AMP Action frame is set to indicate an AMP Action frame while the AMP Action field is set as 1 to indicate the presence of an AMP Frame Info Action frame.
[0321] The AMP Frame Info field includes a 2-octet Control field and an AMP frame field of a variable length. The Control field includes a 10-bit Frame Length field for indicating a size of the AMP Frame field in octets. Other 6 bits in the Control field are reserved.
[0322] The AMP Frame field is used to instruct the carrier source to form the AMP frame to be transmitted to the tag. For example, the AMP Frame field carries the entire AMP frame (including MAC Header and FCS field) to be transmitted by the carrier source. The carrier source may copy the content of the AMP Frame field and construct the control PPDU carrying the AMP frame. The control PPDU further includes an 802.11 preamble, an AMP-Sync frame for helping AMP tags to synchronize with the AMP portion of the PPDU, and an AMP-SIG frame for signaling the control information related to the AMP frame such as data rate etc.
[0323] Case 3: the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit a control PPDU.
[0324] In some embodiments, the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit the control PPDU. In such case, the carrier source transmits the control PPDU to the tag according to the instruction of the first frame. Accordingly, the tag receives the control PPDU. The tag may transmit a second response to the AMP reader in response to the control PPDU. As such, the AMP reader does not need to transmit the control PPDU to the tag directly, thereby reducing power consumption of the AMP reader. Moreover, the carrier source may determine the time to transmit the control PPDU, and flexibility of communication between the AMP reader and the tag may be improved.
[0325] In an implementation, the first frame includes a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU. As such, the carrier source may know when to transmit the control PPDU.
[0326] FIG. 11 illustrates a bi-static backscattering communication in accordance with some embodiments. It is similar to FIG. 10A except that the AMP tags are active transmitter AMP tags that do not need carrier signals for energy harvesting or for backscattering. In addition, back-off based random access is used instead of the time-slot random access.
[0327] As shown in FIG. 11, the random access session spreads across a TXOP including two shared TXOPs (i.e., a first shared TXOP and a second TXOP) , in each shared TXOP, there are several back-off slots following the AMP Poll frame or AMP Re-Poll frame.
[0328] The AMP reader first transmits a first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the carrier source. The Carrier Signal Required field of the first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set to 0 to indicate that transmission is solicited from Active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs and that back-off based random access is to be use. SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits a CTS frame to the AMP reader in response to the first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame.
[0329] SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits an AMP Poll frame to the tags. ID of the tag (s) is solicited by the AMP Poll frame. The AMP Poll frame carries information about ECW and BSL. The ECW specifies a contention window size. The AMP Poll frame indicates the size of the contention window which in turn will decide how many back-off slots are provided in random access session (identified by the Session ID) . Number of back-off slots (N) = 2ECW = 2×2 = 4. BSL = 4 indicates the number of back-off slots following its corresponding Poll frame is 4.
[0330] Upon receiving an AMP Poll frame, each tag checks whether it fulfils the specified filtering condition and is qualified to participate in the random access session. A qualifying tag transmits the specified response at the start of a randomly chosen back-off slot within the TXOP in which the back-off slot occurs. As shown in FIG. 11, T_Reply and a back-off slot after receiving the AMP Poll frame, the AMP Tag-1 transmits its response carrying its ID (i.e., STA-1 ID) to the AMP reader. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the response.
[0331] Since the AMP reader does not receive response from the AMP Tag-2 within the random access round triggered by the AMP Poll frame, the AMP reader continues the AMP random access procedure in the same TXOP by transmitting a second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the carrier source to again share the TXOP with the carrier source (i.e., to share the second shared TXOP with the carrier source) . The Carrier Signal Required field of the second MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame is set to 0 to indicate that transmission is solicited from Active transmitter AMP non-AP STAs and that back-off based random access is to be use and carrier signal is not required.
[0332] SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits a CTS frame to the AMP reader. SIFS afterwards the carrier source transmits an AMP Re-Poll frame. The Session ID in the AMP Re-Poll frame identifies the random access session and is set to the same ID indicated in the AMP Poll frame that initiated the random access session. In the AMP Re-Poll frame, BSL = 3 indicating a back-off slot limit of 3. T_Reply and two back-off slots after receiving the AMP Re-Poll frame, the AMP Tag-2 transmits its response carrying its ID (i.e., STA-2 ID) to the AMP reader. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the response. As such, the random access session is completed.
[0333] In the case where the first frame is used for instructing the carrier source to transmit the control PPDU, the first frame may further indicate the content of the control PPDU. Alternatively, the content of the control PPDU may be indicated by a second frame. In an implementation, the AMP reader further transmits a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU to the carrier source. Accordingly, the carrier source receives the second frame. The carrier source may transmit a fourth response to the AMP reader in response to the second frame. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the fourth response. Subsequently, the carrier source may transmit the control PPDU to the tag (s) according to the second frame. As such, the content of the control PPDU is indicated by the second frame instead of the first frame. In this way, overhead of bits carried in the first frame may be reduced, or bits in the first frame that are used to indicate the content of the control PPDU previously may be used to indicate other information.
[0334] In some embodiments, the carrier source may detect presence or absence of a backscattered response from the tag, and may transmit a fifth frame to the AMP reader for instructing the AMP reader to take back the shared TXOP. As such, the carrier source may determine whether to give back the shared TXOP at an earlier time, thereby reducing overhead of the time domain resources.
[0335] Referring to FIG. 9 which illustrates another example of a bi-static backscattering communication. The procedure is very similar to the one described in FIG. 7 except that in FIG. 9, the carrier source is able to detect the absence of an expected response and the tag fails to transmit its backscattered response in the first attempt during the first TXOP.
[0336] As shown in FIG. 9, the AMP reader first transmits a first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame to the carrier source, indicating the carrier source to transmit an energizer PPDU and a control PPDU to the tag (s) . SIF afterwards, the carrier source transmits a CTS frame to the AMP reader in response to the first MU-RTS TXS Trigger frame.
[0337] SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits a control PPDU carrying an AMP Poll frame to the tag (s) . SIFS afterwards, the carrier source transmits an energizer PPDU with a carrier signal to the tag (s) .
[0338] However, tag 1 fails to transmit a response to the AMP reader in the first shared TXOP. After the carrier source detects the absence of the expected response in the first shared TXOP, it transmits an 802.11 frame carrying a Command and status (CAS) Control field with the RDG / More PPDU field set to 0 to the AMP reader to give back the unused portion of the first shared TXOP. Accordingly, the AMP reader receives the frame from the carrier source.
[0339] The AMP reader then takes back the first shared TXOP and initiate another AMP bi-static backscatter transmission by transmitting a second AMP MU-RTS TXS Trigger indicating a second shared TXOP to the carrier source. The procedure during the second shared TXOP is the same as the first shared TXOP except that during the second shared TXOP, the tag successfully transmits its backscattered response to the AMP reader.
[0340] In the various embodiments of the present disclosure, without special instructions and logical conflicts, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.
[0341] It will be understood that, in order to achieve the above functions, the AMP reader and the carrier source each include corresponding hardware and / or software modules for implementing various functions. Those skilled persons in the art should easily realize that the embodiments of present disclosure can be implemented in the form of a hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software in combination with the units and algorithm steps described in the embodiments of the present disclosure. Whether a certain function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraint conditions of the technical solution.
[0342] FIG. 17 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 17, a communication apparatus 1700 may be applied to a third device such as an AMP reader, and may include:
[0343] a transmitting module 1701, configured to transmit, to a first device, a first frame for instructing the first device to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; and a receiving module 1702, configured to receive a first response from the first device responsive to the first frame.
[0344] In a possible implementation, the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second device or is used by the second device to backscatter a response.
[0345] In a possible implementation, the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second device or that is used by the second device to backscatter the response.
[0346] In a possible implementation, the control PPDU is an AMP control PPDU.
[0347] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the transmitting module 1701 is configured to transmit the control PPDU to a second device; and the receiving module 1702 is configured to receive a second response from the second device responsive to the control PPDU.
[0348] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 1701 is further configured to transmit, to the first device, third frame for instructing the first device to transmit another energizer PPDU; and the receiving module 1702 is configured to receive a third response from the first device responsive to the third frame.
[0349] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.
[0350] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.
[0351] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the receiving module 1702 is configured to receive a second response from the second device responsive to the control PPDU.
[0352] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 1701 is further configured to transmit, to the first device, third frame for instructing the first device to transmit another energizer PPDU; and the receiving module 1702 is further configured to receive a third response from the first device responsive to the third frame.
[0353] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.
[0354] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs.
[0355] In a possible implementation, the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of: a field indicating identifiers of the first device and the second device, a field indicating content of the AMP frame, a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, or a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.
[0356] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 1701 is further configured to transmit a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and the receiving module 1702 is further configured to receive a fourth response from the first device responsive to the second frame.
[0357] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the control PPDU to a second device, and the receiving module 1702 is further configured to receive a second response from the second device responsive to the control PPDU.
[0358] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.
[0359] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 1701 is further configured to transmit a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and the receiving module 1702 is further configured to receive a fourth response from the first device responsive to the second frame.
[0360] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 1702 is further configured to receive, from the first device, a fifth frame for instructing a third device to take back the shared TXOP.
[0361] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.
[0362] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first device.
[0363] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the AMP reader in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0364] FIG. 18 shows a schematic structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 18, a communication apparatus 1800 may be applied to a first device such as carrier source, and may include:
[0365] a receiving module 1801, configured to receive, from a third device, a first frame for instructing a first device to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; and a transmitting module 1802, configured to transmit at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU.
[0366] In a possible implementation, the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second device or is used by the second device to backscatter a response.
[0367] In a possible implementation, the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second device or that is used by the second device to backscatter the response.
[0368] In a possible implementation, the control PPDU is an AMP control PPDU.
[0369] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the transmitting module 1802 is configured to transmit the energizer PPDU.
[0370] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 1801 is further configured to receive, from the third device, third frame for instructing the first device to transmit another energizer PPDU; and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a third response to the third device responsive to the third frame.
[0371] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.
[0372] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.
[0373] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a second response to the third device responsive to the control PPDU and to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU.
[0374] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 1801 is further configured to receive, from the third device, third frame for instructing the first device to transmit another energizer PPDU; and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a third response to the third device responsive to the third frame and to transmit the another energizer PPDU.
[0375] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.
[0376] In a possible implementation, the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs, and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the field.
[0377] In a possible implementation, the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of: a field indicating identifiers of the first device and the second device, a field indicating content of the AMP frame, a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, or a field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.
[0378] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 1801 is further configured to receive a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a fourth response to the third device responsive to the second frame and to transmit the control PPDU or the PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the second frame.
[0379] In a possible implementation, the first frame is used for instructing the first device to transmit the control PPDU to a second device, the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit the control PPDU to the second device.
[0380] In a possible implementation, the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.
[0381] In a possible implementation, the receiving module 1801 is further configured to receive a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; and the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit a fourth response to the third device responsive to the second frame and to transmit the control PPDU according to the second frame.
[0382] In a possible implementation, the transmitting module 1802 is further configured to transmit, to the third device, a fifth frame for instructing the third device to take back the shared TXOP.
[0383] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.
[0384] In a possible implementation, the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first device.
[0385] It should be noted that the communication apparatus provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can realize all the method steps related to the carrier source in the method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effects, the same parts and beneficial effects between this embodiment and the method embodiments are not repeated here in detail.
[0386] FIG. 19 shows a structural diagram of a communication apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 19, the communication apparatus 1900 may include: a processor 1901 coupled with a memory 1902 in a communicative way via an interface 1903; where the memory 1902 stores a computer executable instruction; the processor 1901 executes the computer executable instruction stored in the memory 1902 for executing the above communication methods implemented by the AMP reader or the carrier source. It should be noted that, the memory 1902 may be included or excluded from the communication apparatus, depending on actual needs.
[0387] The present disclosure encompasses various embodiments, including not only method embodiments, but also other embodiments such as apparatus embodiments and embodiments related to non-transitory computer readable storage media. Embodiments may incorporate, individually or in combinations, the features disclosed herein.
[0388] Although this disclosure refers to illustrative embodiments, this is not intended to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications and combinations of the illustrative embodiments, as well as other embodiments of the disclosure, will be apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description.
[0389] Features disclosed herein in the context of any particular embodiments may also or instead be implemented in other embodiments. Method embodiments, for example, may also or instead be implemented in apparatus, system, and / or computer program product embodiments. In addition, although embodiments are described primarily in the context of methods and apparatus, other implementations are also contemplated, as instructions stored on one or more non-transitory computer-readable media, for example. Such media could store programming or instructions to perform any of various methods consistent with the present disclosure.
[0390] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium) . The computer-readable storage medium has stored thereon program instructions that, when run on a network device / terminal device, cause the network device / terminal device to execute one or more steps of the method for beam management as described in any one of the above embodiments.
[0391] For example, the computer-readable storage medium includes, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (e.g., a hard disk, a floppy disk or a magnetic tape) , an optical disk (e.g., a compact disk (CD) , or a DVD) , a smart card, and a flash memory device (e.g., an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , a card, a stick or a key driver) . Various computer-readable storage media described in the embodiments of the present disclosure may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable storage media, which are used for storing information. The term "computer-readable storage medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing and / or carrying instructions and / or data.
[0392] Some embodiments of the present disclosure further provide a computer program product. The computer program product includes program instructions carried on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. When executed on a network device / terminal device, the computer program instructions cause the network device / terminal device to perform one or more steps of the method for data transmission as described in the above embodiments.
[0393] Beneficial effects of the computer-readable storage medium and the computer program product are the same as the beneficial effects of the method for data transmission as described in some of the above embodiments, and details will not be repeated here.
[0394] The foregoing descriptions are merely specific implementations of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Any changes or replacements within the technical scope of the present disclosure shall be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
[0395] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions. The instructions, when executed by a processor, may cause the processor to implement a method of the present disclosure.
[0396] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an integrated circuit. The integrated circuit includes one or more logic circuits for executing the steps of the method for data transmission of the present disclosure.
[0397] In some aspects of the present disclosure, there is provided an apparatus comprising means (e.g., at least one processor) to implement a method of the present disclosure. The apparatus may be device (that is, a terminal device or a network device) or a module or component in the device. The at least one processor may execute instructions stored in a computer-readable medium to implement the method.
[0398] The apparatus may be a communication device or an apparatus implemented in a communication device. For example, the apparatus implemented in a communication device may be an integrated circuit, which in some contexts may be known by other colloquial names, such as chip, modem, modem chip, baseband chip, or baseband processor. In some implementations, one or more integrated circuits can be packaged into a system-on-chip, a system-in-package, or a multi-chip module. The apparatus may comprise one or more integrated circuits or comprise one or more integrated circuits and other discrete components.
[0399] It will be appreciated that any module, component, or device disclosed herein that executes instructions may include, or otherwise have access to, a non-transitory computer / processor readable storage medium or media for storage of information, such as computer / processor readable instructions, data structures, program modules and / or other data. A non-exhaustive list of examples of non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media includes magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, optical disks such as compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , digital video discs or digital versatile discs (i.e., DVDs) , Blu- ray DiscTM, or other optical storage, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology, random-access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , flash memory or other memory technology. Any such non-transitory computer / processor storage media may be part of a device / apparatus or accessible or connectable thereto. Computer / processor readable / executable instructions to implement a method, an application or a module described herein may be stored or otherwise held by such non-transitory computer / processor readable storage media.
[0400] It could be noted that the message in the disclosure could be replaced with information, which may be carried in one single message, or be carried in more than one separate message.
[0401] The terms “apparatus” and “device” are used exchangeable.
[0402] In the present disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” are defined to mean “at least one” , that is, these terms do not exclude a plural number of items, unless stated otherwise.
[0403] In the present disclosure, terms such as “substantially” , “generally” and “about” , which modify a value, condition or characteristic of a feature of an example embodiment, should be understood to mean that the value, condition or characteristic is defined within tolerances that are acceptable for the proper operation of the example embodiment for its intended application.
[0404] In the present disclosure, unless stated otherwise, the terms “connected” and “coupled” , and derivatives and variants thereof, refer herein to any structural or functional connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements. For example, the connection or coupling between the elements can be acoustical, mechanical, optical, electrical, thermal, logical, or any combinations thereof.
[0405] In the present disclosure, expressions such as “match” , “matching” and “matched” , including variants and derivatives thereof, are intended to refer herein to a condition in which two or more elements are either the same or within some predetermined tolerance of each other. That is, these terms are meant to encompass not only “exactly” or “identically” matching the two elements but also “substantially” , “approximately” or “subjectively” matching the two or more elements, as well as providing a higher or best match among a plurality of matching possibilities.
[0406] In the present disclosure, the expression “based on” is intended to mean “based at least partly on” , that is, this expression can mean “based solely on” or “based partially on” , and so should not be interpreted in a limited manner. More particularly, the expression “based on” could also be understood as meaning “depending on” , “representative of” , “indicative of” , “associated with” or similar expressions.
[0407] In the present disclosure, the terms "system" and "network" may be used interchangeably in different embodiments of this application. "At least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more. The term "and / or" describes an association relationship of associated objects, and indicates that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B may indicate the following three cases: Only A exists, both A and B exist, and only B exists, where A and B may be singular or plural. The character " / " indicates an "or" relationship between associated objects. "At least one of the following items (pieces) " or a similar expression thereof indicates any combination of these items, including a single item (piece) or any combination of a plurality of items (pieces) . For example, "at least one of A, B, or C" includes: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C, and "at least one of A, B, and C" may also be understood as including: only A; only B; only C; A and B; A and C; B and C; or A, B, and C. In addition, unless otherwise specified, ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" in embodiments of this application are used to distinguish between a plurality of objects, and are not used to limit a sequence, a time sequence, priorities, or importance of the plurality of objects.
[0408] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this application may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or system) , computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this application may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this application may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0409] This application is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the method, the device (system) , and the computer program product according to this application. It should be understood that computer program instructions may be used to implement each process and / or each block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams and a combination of a process and / or a block in the flowcharts and / or the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may be provided for a general-purpose computer, a dedicated computer, an embedded processor, or a processor of another programmable data processing device and enable a machine to execute the instructions. When executed by any computer or the processor of a programmable data processing device, the instructions cause the apparatus to implement specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams. The computer program instructions may alternatively be stored in a computer-readable memory that can indicate a computer or another programmable data processing device to work in a specific manner, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory generate an artifact that includes an instruction apparatus. The instruction apparatus implements a specific function in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0410] The computer program instructions may alternatively be loaded onto a computer or another programmable data processing device, so that a series of operations and steps are performed on the computer or the another programmable device, so that computer-implemented processing is generated. Therefore, the instructions executed on the computer or on another programmable device provide steps for implementing specific functions as described in one or more procedures in the flowcharts and / or one or more blocks in the block diagrams.
[0411] It is clear that a person skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to this application without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This disclosure is intended to cover these modifications and variations of this application provided that they fall within the scope of protection defined by the following claims and their equivalent technologies.
Claims
1.A communication method, comprising:transmitting, to a first device, a first frame for instructing the first station to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; andreceiving a first response from the first station responsive to the first frame.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second station or is used by the second station to backscatter a response.3.The method of claim 2, wherein the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second station or that is used by the second station to backscatter the response.4.The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control PPDU is an ambient power (AMP) control PPDU.5.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the method further comprises:transmitting the control PPDU to a second station; andreceiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.6.The method of claim 5, further comprising:transmitting, to the first station, a third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; andreceiving a third response from the first station responsive to the third frame.7.The method of claim 5 or 6, wherein the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared transmission opportunity (TXOP) for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.9.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the method further comprises:receiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.10.The method of claim 9, further comprising:transmitting, to the first station, third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; andreceiving a third response from the first station responsive to the third frame.11.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.12.The method of claim 9 or 10, wherein the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs.13.The method of claim 11 or 12, wherein the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of:a field indicating identifiers of the first station and the second station,a field indicating content of the AMP frame,a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, ora field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.14.The method of claims 11 or 12, further comprising:transmitting a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; andreceiving a fourth response from the first station responsive to the second frame.15.The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the control PPDU to a second station, and the method further comprises:receiving a second response from the second station responsive to the control PPDU.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.17.The method of claim 15 or 16, further comprising:transmitting a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU; andreceiving a fourth response from the first station responsive to the second frame.18.The method of any one of claims 9 to 17, further comprising:receiving, from the first station, a fifth frame for instructing a third station to take back the shared TXOP.19.The method of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.20.The method of any one of claims 1 to 18, wherein the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first station.21.A communication method, comprising:receiving, from a third station, a first frame for instructing a first station to transmit at least one of an energizer PPDU or a control PPDU; andtransmitting at least one of the energizer PPDU or the control PPDU.22.The method of claim 21, wherein the energizer PPDU is used for providing energy to a second station or is used by the second station to backscatter a response.23.The method of claim 22, wherein the energizer PPDU comprises a carrier signal that is used for providing energy to the second station or that is used by the second station to backscatter the response.24.The method of any one of claims 21 to 23, wherein the control PPDU is an ambient power (AMP) control PPDU.25.The method of any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU, and the method further comprises:transmitting the energizer PPDU.26.The method of claim 25, further comprising:receiving, from the third station, a third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU; andtransmitting a third response to the third station responsive to the third frame.27.The method of claim 25 or 26, wherein the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared transmission opportunity (TXOP) for transmitting the energizer PPDU, and a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal.28.The method of claim 27, wherein the first frame further comprises a third field indicating an existence of the first field.29.The method of any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU, and the method further comprises:transmitting a second response to the third station responsive to the control PPDU; andtransmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU.30.The method of claim 29, further comprising:receiving, from the third station, third frame for instructing the first station to transmit another energizer PPDU;transmitting a third response to the third station responsive to the third frame; andtransmitting the another energizer PPDU.31.The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the first frame comprises a first field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the energizer PPDU, a second field indicating transmission of the carrier signal, and a fourth field indicating transmission of the control PPDU.32.The method of claim 29 or 30, wherein the first frame further comprises a field indicating that the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU are transmitted in a same PPDU or in different PPDUs, and transmitting the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU comprises:transmitting a PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the field.33.The method of claim 31 or 32, wherein the control PPDU comprises an AMP frame, and the first frame further comprises at least one of:a field indicating identifiers of the first station and the second station,a field indicating content of the AMP frame,a field indicating a length of the AMP frame, ora field indicating a frame control field of the AMP Frame.34.The method of any one of claim 31 or 32, further comprising:receiving a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU;transmitting a fourth response to the third station responsive to the second frame; andtransmitting the control PPDU or the PPDU carrying the energizer PPDU and the control PPDU according to the second frame.35.The method of any one of claims 21 to 24, wherein the first frame is used for instructing the first station to transmit the control PPDU to a second station, and the method further comprises:transmitting the control PPDU to the second station.36.The method of claim 35, wherein the first frame comprises a field indicating a shared TXOP for transmitting the control PPDU.37.The method of claim 35 or 36, further comprising:receiving a second frame indicating content of the control PPDU;transmitting a fourth response to the third station responsive to the second frame; andtransmitting the control PPDU according to the second frame.38.The method of any one of claims 29 to 37, further comprising:transmitting, to the third station, a fifth frame for instructing the third station to take back the shared TXOP.39.The method of any one of claims 21 to 38, wherein the first frame is a MU-RTS TXS trigger frame.40.The method of any one of claims 21 to 38, wherein the first frame is a HT action frame carrying an HT Control field indicating a reverse direction grant to the first station.41.A communication apparatus, configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 40.42.A communication apparatus, comprising:a processor; andan interface circuit configured to receive signals from another communication apparatus and send the signals to the processor, or send signals from the processor to another communication apparatus;wherein the processor is configured to implement, through logic circuits or by executing instructions, the method of any one of claims 1 to 40.43.An apparatus, comprising:one or more processors; anda memory storing instructions which, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 40.44.A communication system, comprising a first communication apparatus and a second communication apparatus, wherein the first communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 20, and the second communication apparatus is configured to perform the method of any one of claims 21 to 40.45.A computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 40.46.A computer program product for storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 40.