Multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, machining method, and machining device

Abstract

A multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising a laser light source (1), and a first lens group (2) and a second lens group (3) which are sequentially arranged along a laser light emission direction of the laser light source (1); the laser light source (1) consists of a plurality of lasers (11), the first lens group (2) consists of a plurality of lens piece groups (21), and the lens piece groups (21) perform first concentration on laser light emitted by the lasers (11); the laser light emitted after being concentrated by the lens piece groups (21) is entirely located within the range covered by the second lens group (3), and the second lens group (3) performs second concentration on the laser light emitted after being concentrated by the lens piece groups (21) so as to perform machining on a workpiece. In the mechanism, the laser light incidence direction is consistent with the machining material (4) conveyance direction, the lasers (11) have the same mounting direction, there is no need for oblique mounting, and there is no need to perform angle adjustment on the lasers (11), which can improve laser machining accuracy and reduce the volume of the machining mechanism. The present invention further relates to a machining method and a machining device.

Description

Multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, machining method and machining device

[0001] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 202411266492.9 filed on September 11, 2024 with the China Patent Office, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The present application relates to the field of laser processing, for example to a multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, a machining method using the machining mechanism, and a machining device using the machining mechanism. BACKGROUND

[0003] Laser processing technology is a processing technology that uses the characteristics of the interaction between laser beams and matter to cut, weld, additively manufacture, surface treat, punch, and micro-machine materials (including metals and non-metals). Laser processing, as an advanced manufacturing technology, has been widely used in important sectors of the national economy such as automobiles, electronics, electrical appliances, aviation, metallurgy, and machinery manufacturing, and plays an increasingly important role in improving product quality, labor productivity, automation, pollution reduction, and material consumption reduction.

[0004] Laser processing is widely used in the fields of additive manufacturing and welding. Currently, most laser direct processing methods use fiber lasers that are installed obliquely to be incident or use light path shaping to form a ring-shaped laser for processing. In the former method, multiple fiber lasers are arranged around the processing material and obliquely incident inward in order to improve the uniformity and processing power of the laser. Since the lasers must be obliquely installed to direct the laser to the same cladding point, the angle adjustment of each laser is particularly important. The more obliquely installed lasers there are, the more tedious the adjustment will be, which greatly affects the efficiency of the processing mechanism. If the angle adjustment of the lasers is not precise enough, it may also cause the cladding project to fail. The oblique installation of the lasers also has the disadvantage of a large processing mechanism size, which is prone to interference during processing. In the latter method, the light path is complex and the manufacturing cost is high. Although the formed light spot is relatively uniform, it cannot adjust the non-uniform state of the light spot by deflection, and cannot achieve some complex processing techniques. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the related art, the present application provides a multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, a machining method using the machining mechanism, and a machining device using the machining mechanism.

[0006] The specific technical scheme of the present application is as follows: a multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising a laser light source, a first lens group and a second lens group arranged in sequence along the laser emission direction of the laser light source; the laser light source is composed of a plurality of lasers, the first lens group is composed of a plurality of lens groups, and the lens group is arranged to perform first light condensation on the laser emitted by the laser; the laser emitted after light condensation by the lens group is located within the coverage range of the second lens group, and the second lens group is arranged to perform second light condensation on the laser emitted after light condensation by the lens group to process the workpiece.

[0007] A machining method for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0008] A machining method for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency; the control system dynamically controls the lasers in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the lasers outside the pattern area to be turned off.

[0009] A machining method for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part or all of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during processing; the control system dynamically controls the lasers in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the lasers outside the pattern area to be turned off.

[0010] A machining method for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the power of the laser light source in the pattern area to change during processing.

[0011] A machining method for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency; the control system dynamically controls the power of the lasers in the pattern area to change.

[0012] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0013] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0014] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0015] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0016] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0017] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0018] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups in the laser light source to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0019] A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism,

[0020] The lens set comprises a melting lens set and a preheating lens set, the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a melting spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the melting lens set and the second lens set, and the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a preheating spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the preheating lens set and the second lens set, and the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot.

[0021] The processing method comprises the following steps: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material, and dynamically controlling the corresponding laser of the preheating lens set on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased by the control system.

[0022] The processing method is used for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism.

[0023] The second auxiliary lens is a concave lens or a convex lens, the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a melting spot in the molten pool area without being condensed by the second auxiliary lens, and the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a preheating spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the second auxiliary lens, and the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot.

[0024] The processing method comprises the following steps: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material, and dynamically controlling the corresponding laser of the preheating lens set on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased by the control system.

[0025] The processing method is used for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism.

[0026] The annular lens comprises a melting annular lens and a preheating annular lens, the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a melting spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the first lens set and the melting annular lens, and the laser light emitted by the laser light source forms a preheating spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the first lens set and the preheating annular lens, and the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot.

[0027] The processing method comprises the following steps: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material, and dynamically controlling the corresponding laser of the preheating lens set on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased by the control system.

[0028] The processing device comprises the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism and the wire feeding mechanism. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0029] FIG. 1 is a structural schematic view of the linear array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in the square area.

[0030] Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in a regular polygonal area according to the present application;

[0031] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in a circular area according to the present application;

[0032] Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in a square area according to the present application;

[0033] Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in a regular polygonal area according to the present application;

[0034] Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the laser array of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism in a circular area according to the present application;

[0035] Fig. 7 is a top view of Fig. 4 according to the present application;

[0036] Fig. 8 is a top view of Fig. 5 according to the present application;

[0037] Fig. 9 is a top view of Fig. 6 according to the present application;

[0038] Fig. 10 is a front view of Fig. 4 according to the present application;

[0039] Fig. 11 is a front view of Fig. 5 according to the present application;

[0040] Fig. 12 is a front view of Fig. 6 according to the present application;

[0041] Fig. 13 is an embodiment of a partial enlarged view of A in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 according to the present application;

[0042] Fig. 14 is an embodiment of a partial enlarged view of A in Figs. 10, 11 and 12 according to the present application;

[0043] Fig. 15 is a structural schematic diagram of the first lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism using a microlens array according to the present application;

[0044] Fig. 16 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to the present application, in which the laser cladding part is in a negative defocus state when the whole mechanism is lowered;

[0045] Fig. 17 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to the present application, in which the lasers in the pattern area are turned on;

[0046] Fig. 18 is an enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 17 at B in Fig. 12 according to the present application;

[0047] Fig. 19 is a structural schematic diagram of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to the present application, in which the pattern area is moved;

[0048] Fig. 20 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 19 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0049] Fig. 21 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for rotating the pattern area;

[0050] Fig. 22 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 21 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0051] Fig. 23 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for forming two pattern areas;

[0052] Fig. 24 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 23 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0053] Fig. 25 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for forming two pattern areas, one of which can be turned on or off;

[0054] Fig. 26 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 25 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0055] Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for forming a pattern area by high-power lasers;

[0056] Fig. 28 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 27 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0057] Fig. 29 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for moving the pattern area formed by high-power lasers;

[0058] Fig. 30 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 29 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0059] Fig. 31 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for rotating the pattern area formed by high-power lasers;

[0060] Fig. 32 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 31 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0061] Fig. 33 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application for forming two pattern areas by high-power lasers;

[0062] Fig. 34 is a top view enlarged schematic diagram of the pattern spot formed by the laser corresponding to Fig. 33 of the present application at B in Fig. 12;

[0063] Figure 35 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application forming two high-power laser pattern areas with different power densities;

[0064] Figure 36 is a schematic diagram of a top view of a pattern spot formed by the laser of Figure 35 at position B of Figure 12;

[0065] Figure 37 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which adjacent lasers form a laser group;

[0066] Figure 38 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which lasers in a specific area form a laser group;

[0067] Figure 39 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the cladding material is a wire and the lasers are end-firing semiconductor lasers;

[0068] Figure 40 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the cladding material is a powder;

[0069] Figure 41 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the cladding material is a wire and a powder;

[0070] Figure 42 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the lasers are fiber lasers;

[0071] Figure 43 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the lasers are side-firing semiconductor lasers;

[0072] Figure 44 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the laser lens group is moved away from the lasers to form a preheating spot;

[0073] Figure 45 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the laser lens group is a non-collimating lens to make the laser diverge to form a preheating spot;

[0074] Figure 46 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the laser lens group includes a first auxiliary lens that is a concave lens to make the laser diverge to form a preheating spot;

[0075] Figure 47 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the laser lens group includes a first auxiliary lens that is a convex lens to make the laser diverge to form a preheating spot;

[0076] Figure 48 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application in which the second lens group uses a convex lens to produce spherical aberration;

[0077] Figure 49 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application using a convex lens to generate chromatic aberration;

[0078] Figure 50 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application using a plano-convex lens to generate chromatic aberration;

[0079] Figure 51 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application using a doublet lens to eliminate chromatic aberration and spherical aberration;

[0080] Figure 52 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application using a Fresnel lens;

[0081] Figure 53 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application including a second auxiliary lens located at the innermost ring;

[0082] Figure 54 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application including a second auxiliary lens located at the outermost ring;

[0083] Figure 55 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application including multiple sets of nested annular lenses;

[0084] Figure 56 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application including multiple sets of nested annular lenses with different heights to offset aberrations;

[0085] Figure 57 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application including multiple sets of nested annular lenses with different heights to generate different focal points;

[0086] Figure 58 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application mounted on a mounting seat and capable of lateral displacement adjustment relative to the laser light source;

[0087] Figure 59 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application capable of longitudinal displacement adjustment relative to the laser light source;

[0088] Figure 60 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application with the laser light source and the first lens group mounted on a mounting seat and the laser light source mounted on a lateral mounting portion;

[0089] Figure 61 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application with the laser light source and the first lens group mounted on a mounting seat and the laser light source mounted on a longitudinal mounting portion;

[0090] Figure 62 is a schematic diagram of a structure of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application with different sizes of mounting seats nested and combined inside and outside;

[0091] Fig. 63 is a structural schematic diagram of the nested combination installation of different sizes of mounting seats of the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of the present application;

[0092] Fig. 64 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation of the annular lenses of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of the present application at the bottom of the corresponding nested mounting seats;

[0093] Fig. 65 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation of the first protective mirror between the first lens group and the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of the present application;

[0094] Fig. 66 is a structural schematic diagram of the installation of the second protective mirror at the bottom of the second lens group of the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of the present application;

[0095] Fig. 67 is a structural schematic diagram of the wire feeding mechanism of the present application for feeding wire materials.

[0096] In the drawings, 1 is a laser light source, 11 is a laser, 11a is a laser group, 1a is a pattern area, 1a1 is a first pattern area, 1a2 is a second pattern area, 1b is a pattern light spot, 1b1 is a first pattern light spot, 1b2 is a second pattern light spot, 1c is a pattern outer light spot, 2 is a first lens group, 21 is a lens group, 21a is a first auxiliary lens, 21b is a microlens array, 3 is a second lens group, 31 is a material feeding hole, 3a is a second auxiliary lens, 3b is an annular lens, 4 is a machining material, 5 is a mounting seat, 51 is a horizontal mounting part, 52 is a vertical mounting part, 6 is a first protective mirror, 7 is a second protective mirror, and 8 is a wire feeding mechanism. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0097] The present application will be described below by specific embodiments with reference to the drawings.

[0098] The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism comprises a laser light source 1, a first lens group 2 and a second lens group 3 arranged in sequence along the laser emission direction of the laser light source 1; the laser light source 1 is composed of a plurality of lasers 11, the first lens group 2 is composed of a plurality of lens groups 21, and the lens group 21 performs first light condensation on the emitted laser of the laser 11; the laser emitted after the light condensation of the lens group 21 is all located within the coverage range of the second lens group 3, and the workpiece is machined after the second light condensation by the second lens group 3.

[0099] As shown in Figs. 1-3, the laser light source 1 is composed of a plurality of lasers 11 with consistent incidence directions, and the laser energy convergence point for machining is formed after the light condensation of the first lens group 2 and the confocal light condensation of the second lens group 3, so that the workpiece can be heated and melted, and functions such as laser cutting, laser drilling and laser heat treatment can be realized.

[0100] The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism further comprises a processing material 4, which is conveyed to the light collecting position of the second lens group 3 by a material conveying mechanism for processing.

[0101] As shown in FIGS. 4-12, the laser light source 1 is composed of a plurality of lasers 11 with consistent incident directions, and the lasers 11 form a laser energy convergence point for processing after light collection by the first lens group 2 and confocal light collection by the second lens group 3. After the processing material 4 is conveyed to the laser energy convergence point, it can be melted to realize functions such as laser additive, laser welding, laser cladding, etc.

[0102] At present, the laser melting method of direct laser irradiation mostly adopts the method of oblique installation of fiber laser to irradiate. In order to improve the uniformity and melting power of laser, a plurality of fiber lasers are usually arranged around the material and obliquely irradiate inward. Since the laser must be obliquely installed to irradiate the laser to the same melting area, the angle adjustment of each laser is particularly important. The more the number of obliquely installed lasers, the more complicated the adjustment is, which greatly affects the use efficiency of the processing mechanism. If the angle adjustment of the laser is not accurate enough, it may also cause the failure of the processing project. The structure of the obliquely installed laser also brings the disadvantage of large size of the processing mechanism. The laser irradiation direction of the confocal laser 11 is usually consistent with the conveying direction of the processing material 4, and the installation direction of the laser 11 is the same, so there is no need for oblique installation and angle adjustment. The second lens group 3 is used to change the laser path so that the laser irradiates to the processing material 4. Therefore, the size of the processing mechanism can be reduced, and the transverse size is more compact. The lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 are arranged in a dense distribution mode, which can be linear array distribution in a planar region, array distribution in a regular polygon region, or array distribution in a circular region, or can be combined arrangement of the above arrangement modes. Even if the power of a single laser 11 is small, the overall melting power of the processing mechanism can be greatly improved by superimposing the power of a plurality of array distributed lasers 11. The confocal laser can use small lasers 11 in dense arrangement. Although the power of a single laser 11 is smaller than that of the current direct laser, the laser 11 array arrangement can be very dense, and the number of lasers 11 can far exceed the number of direct lasers, so that the overall processing power exceeds the power of the direct laser. The dense arrangement of the lasers 11 makes the energy distribution of the laser more uniform, which can approach or even reach the uniformity of the annular laser. Since the confocal laser 11 does not need the light path shaping structure of the annular laser, it is simpler in structure than the annular laser. In addition, unlike the annular laser, the power of the confocal laser 11 can be independently controlled, or each group of lasers 11 can be controlled independently after grouping, so as to control the laser power to present a non-uniform state in the melting range. For some processing operations, the power of the laser on the front side of the processing mechanism is usually increased, so as to strengthen the melting effect. In order to meet the better melting effect of the processing mechanism during movement, the laser power also needs to be dynamically changed during the melting process. The dense arrangement of the lasers 11 can easily achieve independent control or independent grouping control, which has more advantages in processing technology than the annular laser.

[0103] A material conveying hole 31 is arranged at the middle position of the laser light source 1, the first lens group 2 and the second lens group 3, and the processing material 4 passes through the material conveying hole 31 for conveying.

[0104] As shown in FIGS. 4-12, the opening of the material delivery hole 31 can realize the coaxial delivery of the processing material 4 inside the laser, so that the laser spot formed by the laser light source 1 in the melting area is uniformly distributed around the processing material 4, which can achieve better melting effect; the material delivery hole 31 can only allow the processing material 4 to pass through, or the processing material 4 can be delivered by the material delivery mechanism after passing through the material delivery hole 31; as shown in FIGS. 39, 40 and 41, the processing material 4 can be wire material or powder material, or a combination of wire material and powder material; the material delivery hole 31 can also deliver protective gas, and generally, in order to ensure the effect of the protective gas, the protective gas surrounds the processing material 4 and is delivered together with the processing material 4 from the material delivery hole 31.

[0105] The laser 11 in the laser light source 1 can be independently controlled to turn on and off.

[0106] The independent control of the laser 11 can realize the zoned processing of the laser light source 1, and the laser 11 in a specific part can be turned on according to different process requirements; as shown in FIG. 16, when the processing mechanism as a whole or the second lens group 3 is lowered, the laser melting part is in a negative focus state, and the laser spot in the melting part presents a spot consistent with the laser light source 1; as shown in FIG. 17, taking the laser light source 1 in a linear array and square arrangement as an example, in order to reduce the heat input in the processing process, the laser 11 in the similar ellipse-shaped graphic area 1a is turned on, and the width of the long axis direction of the ellipse covers the melting width, which can reduce the number of laser 11 working in the moving direction while meeting the melting width, thereby reducing the heat input; as shown in FIG. 18, the laser 11 in the graphic area 1a forms a graphic spot 1b of laser aggregation in the laser melting area, and the graphic spot 1b is consistent with the similar ellipse-shaped graphic area 1a, thereby being able to meet the realization of the process effect. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, in some applications, by dynamically changing the position of the graphic area 1a in the processing process, the movement of the graphic spot 1b can be controlled, and in the present scheme, the similar ellipse-shaped spot moves a certain displacement to the front of the moving direction of the processing mechanism, so that the melting spot has a certain advance, thereby improving the processing efficiency. As shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, in some applications, by dynamically changing the position of the graphic area 1a in the processing process, the graphic area 1a can be rotated around the material delivery hole 31, thereby controlling the rotation of the graphic spot 1b, and in the present scheme, the similar ellipse-shaped spot is deviated to one side of the processing material 4 and rotates around the processing material 4, thereby playing a role of stirring the molten pool, making the material grain growth more conducive to the mechanical properties of the material, and improving the processing quality.

[0107] As shown in FIG. 23 and FIG. 24, in some applications, there are multiple graphic areas 1a, and in the present scheme, the graphic area 1a is in the form of two annular rings with different sizes, and the graphic light spot 1b is also in the form of two annular light spots, which can achieve better melting effect, such as effectively reducing the splashing of the molten pool. As shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, in some applications, there are multiple graphic areas 1a, and in the present scheme, the graphic area 1a exists in two places, one in the form of an annular ring, and the other on the side offset from the processing material 4. In the processing process, the graphic light spot 1b is also in the form of a combination of an annular light spot and an offset light spot, wherein the annular light spot is used for melting the processing material 4, and the offset light spot is used for preheating the workpiece. In the case of needing preheating, the offset light spot is turned on, and in the case of not needing preheating, the offset light spot is turned off. The graphic area 1a is turned on and off during the movement of the processing mechanism.

[0108] The laser 11 in the laser light source 1 can independently control the power.

[0109] The independent control of the power of the laser 11 can realize the partition power adjustment of the laser light source 1, and adjust the power of the laser 11 at a specific position according to different process requirements. Similar to the schemes of FIG. 17-FIG. 26, as shown in FIG. 27-FIG. 36, all the lasers 11 can be turned on, and the power of the laser 11 in the graphic area 1a is controlled to be higher than that outside the graphic area 1a, so that in the melting position, the unit density power in the graphic light spot 1b is higher than that in the graphic light spot 1c. Different from the scheme of independently controlling the switch, the graphic area 1a can include multiple areas, and the power of the laser 11 in different areas can be different; as shown in FIG. 35 and FIG. 36, the graphic area 1a is divided into a first graphic area 1a1 in the form of an annular ring for melting and a second graphic area 1a2 in the form of an offset for preheating. Because the preheating power does not need to be too high, the power of the laser 11 in the first graphic area 1a1 is greater than that in the second graphic area 1a2, so that in the melting position, the unit density power in the first graphic light spot 1b1 is higher than that in the second graphic light spot 1b2, and the unit density power in the first graphic light spot 1b1 and the second graphic light spot 1b2 is greater than that in the graphic light spot 1c. Through the adjustment of the power of different graphic areas, more complex processes can be realized.

[0110] At least two lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 form a laser group 11a, and the laser group 11a can independently control the switch.

[0111] When the number of lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 is large, the influence of a single laser 11 on the melting area is very small, and it is also cumbersome to control each laser 11 individually. Controlling multiple lasers 11 in series can simplify the control circuit and control process. As shown in FIG. 37, optionally, adjacent lasers 11 are grouped into a laser group 11a, and the laser group 11a is also arranged in an array, which is equivalent to increasing the power of a single laser light source and reducing the number of laser light sources, thereby enhancing the effect of independent control and simplifying the control process. As shown in FIG. 38, optionally, the lasers 11 in a specific area are grouped into a laser group 11a, for example, the lasers 11 on the outer circle of the laser light source 1 are grouped into a laser group 11a for melting the processing material 4, and the lasers 11 on the inner circle of the laser light source 1 are grouped into a laser group 11a for melting the substrate, thereby simplifying the control process.

[0112] The laser group 11a in the laser light source 1 can independently control the power.

[0113] The independent control of the power of the laser group 11a can achieve the power adjustment of the laser light source 1 in different zones, and adjust the power of the laser group 11a in a specific position according to different process requirements.

[0114] The laser 11 is a fiber laser or a semiconductor laser.

[0115] The use of fiber lasers in the laser light source 1 can obtain greater melting power, and the use of semiconductor lasers can make the distribution of focused laser energy more uniform. In order to balance the melting power and the uniformity of the laser, fiber lasers and semiconductor lasers can also be used in combination. The semiconductor lasers include Transmitter Optical (TO) series lasers, Chip on Submount (COS) series lasers, Broad Band (BB) series lasers, Back Contact (BC) series lasers, Vertical Surface Laser (VSL) series lasers, Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (Vcsel) series lasers, etc. Due to the different packaging forms and light emitting forms of different series of semiconductor lasers, their installation positions also differ. For example, the TO series, VSL series, and VTOF series lasers all emit light from the surface of the semiconductor device, as shown in FIGS. 39 and 42. Such semiconductor lasers are usually installed on the top of the processing mechanism, like fiber lasers. The COS series, BB series, and BC series lasers emit light from the side of the semiconductor device, as shown in FIG. 43. Such semiconductor lasers are more suitable for installation on the side of the processing mechanism.

[0116] The lens group 21 comprises at least one converging lens.

[0117] The first lens group 2 is used to preliminarily converge the laser emitted by the laser source 1, so that the laser is in a collimated or nearly collimated state and enters the second lens group 3. As shown in FIGS. 4-6 and 10-12, the first lens group 2 is usually installed at the bottom of the laser source 1, and each lens group 21 is opposite to the laser 11. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the lens group 21 can be installed separately from the laser 11, or can be integrated with the laser 11 as a laser converging assembly. As shown in FIG. 15, the first lens group 2 can also use at least one microlens array 21b, which is pre-arranged as an assembly. When the laser 11 and the lens group 21 are linearly arranged, it is more convenient to use the microlens array 21b. For different laser sources, the shape and divergence angle of the emitted laser are different, and different lenses need to be used for convergence. For example, when the laser source 1 is a fiber laser, the light source is a circular spot, and the divergence angle remains unchanged in the circumferential direction, that is, it is conical. The converging method of this type of laser source is relatively easy, and a spherical convex lens can achieve good converging effect. When the laser source 1 is some semiconductor laser, the light source has different divergence angles in two perpendicular directions. Using a convex lens to converge the laser will make the spot long or elliptical. Although the spot shape of a single laser is not ideal, the overall spot formed by the densely distributed lasers after being focused is relatively symmetrical and can achieve good focusing effect. For these semiconductor lasers, a better converging method is to install a fast-axis cylindrical lens near the light source to converge the direction with larger divergence angle, and install a slow-axis cylindrical lens at a certain distance from the light source to converge the direction with smaller divergence angle. The combination of the fast-axis and slow-axis cylindrical lenses can make the laser shape close to a circle, thereby achieving better converging effect. In the laser processing process, sometimes a larger area spot is needed to improve the processing efficiency or preheat the molten substrate. By adjusting the first lens group 2, the purpose can be easily achieved. As shown in FIG. 44, as an embodiment, the distance between the lens group 21 and the laser 11 can be adjusted to change the size of the laser melting spot. According to the imaging principle, when the distance between the lens group 21 and the laser 11 decreases, the spot formed by the imaging of the laser spot on the molten substrate will become larger, thereby forming a larger melting area and improving the processing efficiency or preheating the molten substrate. As shown in FIG. 45, as an embodiment, the lens of the lens group 21 is a non-collimating lens, which makes the laser emit at a certain divergence angle or convergence angle. The converging laser becomes divergent after crossing at the convergence point. The divergent laser forms a larger laser melting spot after being converged by the second lens group 3.

[0118] The lens group 21 comprises a first auxiliary lens 21a.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 46 and FIG. 47, the lens group 21 can further include a first auxiliary lens 21a in addition to the collimating lens group; as an embodiment, the first auxiliary lens 21a is a concave lens or a convex lens, which makes the laser exit with a certain divergence angle or a certain convergence angle, wherein the convergent laser becomes divergent after intersecting at the convergent point, and the divergent laser forms a larger laser melting spot after being condensed by the second lens group 3. In practical applications, part of the lasers and the first auxiliary lens 21a can be selected to be opposite to each other in the densely distributed lasers, or one or more regions of the lasers and the first auxiliary lens 21a can be selected to be opposite to each other; since the laser generated by the inner laser 11 is closer to the vertical when it is incident on the molten substrate surface, the reflectivity of the substrate surface to the laser is lower, and therefore the inner laser 11 has a better effect on preheating the molten substrate.

[0120] The second lens group 3 includes at least one condenser lens.

[0121] The second lens group 3 can use a spherical convex lens to co-focus the densely arranged laser beams emitted by the first lens group 2, as shown in FIG. 48; since the actual focusing state of the light cannot be the same as the ideal state of Gaussian optics, the existence of spherical convex lens aberration will change the actual path of the laser, which cannot be completely focused to a point. Sometimes, the existence of spherical convex lens aberration is beneficial to the melting of the processing material 4, which can improve the processing efficiency; when the focusing requirement is higher, the second lens group 3 can also use a compound lens or a combination of multiple lenses to eliminate the influence of aberration on focusing.

[0122] In some cases, the aberration of the convex lens of the second lens group 3 is more conducive to the melting of the processing material 4. For example, when the laser 11 of the laser light source 1 has a wide coverage, the influence of spherical aberration will cause the laser emitted by the laser 11 far from the outside of the processing material 4 to have a focal point that is higher than the focal point of the laser emitted by the laser 11 close to the inside of the processing material 4, that is, the laser 11 forms multiple focal points in a certain height range of the optical axis at the bottom of the second lens group 3. By controlling the height of the second lens group 3, the different focal points can be controlled to be at different positions of the melting area. For example, the upper laser focal point can be controlled to be at the bottom of the processing material 4, and the lower laser focal point can be controlled to be below the surface of the molten substrate, so that the processing material 4 and the molten substrate can be uniformly melted. Since the incidence angle of the outside laser to the processing material 4 is closer to 90° than the incidence angle of the inside laser to the processing material 4, the reflectivity of the processing material 4 to the outside laser is lower, and the incidence angle of the inside laser to the molten substrate is closer to 90° than the incidence angle of the outside laser to the molten substrate, the reflectivity of the molten substrate to the inside laser is lower. Therefore, the focal point separation form of the inside and outside lasers 11 can reduce the reflectivity of the processing material 4 and the molten substrate to the laser, and improve the overall processing efficiency. When the processing material 4 is aluminum, copper or other materials, the reflectivity of the laser wavelength to the processing material 4 is greater. The laser 11 on the outside of the laser light source 1 can use a blue laser, so that the processing material 4 passes through the focal point formed by the blue laser during transportation, thereby reducing the reflectivity of the material to the laser and improving the processing efficiency.

[0123] As shown in FIGS. 49 and 50, the spherical convex lens of the second lens group 3 is also affected by chromatic aberration. The presence of chromatic aberration will cause the refraction angle of the laser with shorter wavelength to be larger, that is, the focal point of the laser with shorter wavelength is higher than that of the laser with longer wavelength. When the processing material 4 is aluminum, copper or other high-reflectivity materials, the melting effect will be better. Therefore, the laser 11 of the laser light source 1 can use light sources with different wavelengths, or can use light sources with a wide spectral range. The presence of chromatic aberration of the second lens group 3 can cause the processing material 4 to be melted by blue light or other short-wavelength lasers first during the movement towards the molten pool, and then be melted by red light or other long-wavelength lasers when the material is melted or close to the melting state. In this way, the sequential melting can fully utilize the respective advantages of short-wavelength lasers and long-wavelength lasers, so that the overall processing efficiency is higher.

[0124] The spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of the second lens group 3 are the two main types of aberration that affect the condensation. Other types of aberration such as coma and distortion will have some influence on the shape of the laser after focusing, but the shape of the laser has little effect on the melting of the processing material 4.

[0125] The spherical aberration and chromatic aberration of the second lens group 3 can be beneficial to the melting of the processing material 4 in some cases, but is not desirable in some cases with high precision requirements, and the degree of spherical aberration and chromatic aberration needs to be controlled within a certain range. For different process requirements, it is particularly important to select appropriate lenses and lens combinations for the second lens group 3. When the second lens group 3 uses a single lens, the spherical aberration varies depending on the selection of the lens, and the chromatic aberration is more difficult to eliminate. The condenser lens of the second lens group 3 can be a positive meniscus lens, a double convex lens, a plano-convex lens, an optimal profile lens, a non-spherical lens, etc. Different types of condenser lenses form different degrees of spherical aberration, and appropriate lenses can be selected according to different process requirements. As shown in FIG. 51, when the second lens group 3 requires high spherical aberration and chromatic aberration, a double cemented lens can be used. The double cemented lens can mainly reduce the influence of chromatic aberration on different wavelengths of laser light sources, and also has a good improvement effect on spherical aberration, so that laser light sources of different wavelengths and different regions can be focused to a point or close to a point. This greatly improves the melting precision.

[0126] As shown in FIG. 52, the second lens group 3 can also use a Fresnel lens for condensation. When the number of laser devices 11 of the laser light source 1 is large and the coverage range is wide, the thickness of the convex lens will become very thick, resulting in a large weight of the entire processing mechanism. The use of a Fresnel lens in the second lens group 3 can effectively reduce the weight of the processing mechanism.

[0127] The second lens group 3 includes a second auxiliary lens 3a, which is located on the laser path of part of the laser devices 11 in the laser light source 1.

[0128] The second auxiliary lens 3a is used to adjust the condensation path of part of the laser light before or after passing through the second lens group 3, for example, when the number of installed laser devices 11 of the laser light source 1 is large and the arrangement range is wide, the emitted laser light of part of the laser devices 11 is adjusted. As shown in FIGS. 53 and 54, as an embodiment, a concave lens or a convex lens is installed as the second auxiliary lens 3a at the innermost circle or the outermost circle of the range where the second lens group 3 is located. The laser beam passing through the second auxiliary lens 3a will not be focused at the melting position, and the laser melting spot formed by the laser device 11 at the melting position will be larger than the confocal laser melting spot, thereby improving the processing efficiency or preheating part of the melting area. Since the second auxiliary lens 3a can change the focal length of the laser, it can also eliminate the influence of part of the laser aberration.

[0129] The second lens group 3 includes a plurality of radially nested annular lenses 3b.

[0130] When the second lens group 3 adopts a single lens for confocal, the structure becomes very simple and reliable, but there are some restrictions in use, such as the middle part of the lens is thicker, which makes the overall weight of the processing mechanism heavier, and all the laser beams have the same focal length, which makes the process flexibility not strong. As shown in FIG. 55, in order to eliminate the above restrictions, the second lens group 3 can be composed of multiple groups of radially nested annular lenses 3b, which can make the inner layer of annular lenses 3b adopt thinner lenses like the outer layer, so as to effectively reduce the overall weight of the processing mechanism; as an embodiment, the annular lenses 3b of different nested layers can select lenses with different focal lengths, so that the lasers of different layers can achieve different effects, such as the outer layer laser is used for focusing, and the inner layer laser is used for preheating, which can improve the process effect; as shown in FIG. 56, as an embodiment, the annular lenses 3b of different nested layers use different installation heights, so as to offset the influence of aberration; as shown in FIG. 57, adjusting the height of part of the annular lenses 3b of the nested layers can more accurately control the focusing points of the lasers of different layers to meet some processing process requirements.

[0131] The second lens group 3 can be adjusted in the transverse direction relative to the laser light source 1.

[0132] As shown in FIG. 58, in order to ensure that the processing material 4 can pass through the focusing part of the second lens group 3, or the focusing point of the second lens group 3 is located on the processing material 4, the second lens group 3 is usually designed as a transversely adjustable structure, so that the focusing point can follow the transverse adjustment of the second lens group 3; there is a certain gap between the material conveying hole 31 and the processing material 4, so that the second lens group 3 can be adjusted slightly in the transverse direction without interfering with the processing material 4, and the adjustment range is determined by the gap size, so as to ensure that the processing material 4 is aligned with the optical axis.

[0133] The second lens group 3 can be adjusted in the longitudinal direction relative to the laser light source 1.

[0134] As shown in FIG. 59, as an embodiment, the second lens group 3 is adjusted up and down by rotating the mounting seat, and the focusing point of the laser light source 1 can move following the up and down movement of the second lens group 3; the upward movement of the second lens group 3 can reduce the conveying distance of the processing material 4, so that the processing mechanism is closer to the molten pool; the downward movement of the second lens group 3 can increase the conveying distance of the processing material 4, so that the processing mechanism is farther away from the molten pool; therefore, when the processing material 4 is a thin wire, the second lens group 3 can be moved upward to reduce the influence of wire bending; when the processing material 4 is a thick wire, it is not easy to bend, and the second lens group 3 can be moved downward to reduce the influence of high temperature of the molten pool on the processing mechanism.

[0135] The processing mechanism further comprises a mounting seat 5, and the laser light source 1 is mounted on the mounting seat 5.

[0136] The mounting seat 5 is usually made of copper, aluminum or other materials with good heat conduction performance, and a water cooling channel can be formed near the laser light source 1 and the first lens group 2 to ensure the cooling performance of the heat generating part.

[0137] The mounting seat 5 includes a transverse mounting part 51, and the laser light source 1 is mounted on the transverse mounting part 51.

[0138] As shown in FIG. 60, taking the circular array of laser devices 11 as an example, when the laser devices 11 of the laser light source 1 are fiber lasers or TO series, VSL series, VTOF series or some other semiconductor lasers, the laser is emitted from the end of the fiber laser or the surface of the semiconductor device. Mounting the laser light source 1 on the transverse mounting part 51 can make the laser emission direction towards the first lens group 2, and realize the primary light collection.

[0139] The mounting seat 5 includes a vertical mounting part 52, and the laser light source 1 is mounted on the vertical mounting part 52.

[0140] As shown in FIG. 61, taking the circular array of laser devices 11 as an example, when the laser devices 11 of the laser light source 1 are COS series, BB series, BC series or some other semiconductor lasers, the laser is emitted from the side surface of the semiconductor device. Mounting the laser light source 1 on the vertical mounting part 52 can make the laser emission direction towards the first lens group 2, and realize the primary light collection.

[0141] The first lens group 2 is mounted on the mounting seat 5, and the lens group 21 in the first lens group 2 is opposite to the laser device 11 in the laser light source 1.

[0142] As shown in FIG. 60 and FIG. 61, mounting the laser device 11 and the lens group 21 on the mounting seat 5 at the same time can ensure the stability of the light path; alternatively, the laser device 11 and the lens group 21 are hermetically sealed on the mounting seat 5, which can reduce the influence of the external processing environment.

[0143] The second lens group 3 is mounted on the mounting seat 5.

[0144] As shown in FIG. 58, mounting the second lens group 3 on the mounting seat 5 can ensure the coaxiality of the optical axis of the second lens group 3 and the center of the laser light source 1, reduce the generation of laser coma and the like, and make the laser spot irradiated to the melting part keep uniform around the processed material 4.

[0145] The processing mechanism includes a plurality of mounting seats 5 with different sizes, and the mounting seats 5 with different sizes can be installed in an inner-outer nested manner.

[0146] As shown in FIG. 62, FIG. 63, the number of lasers 11 installed on a single mounting seat 5 is limited, when the laser power requirement is higher, the mounting seat 5 can increase the number of installed lasers 11 by nesting in a stacked manner, thereby increasing the melting power of the machining mechanism. The mounting seat 5 can be nested from the inside out, or from the outside in, or simultaneously from the inside and outside; the form structure of the inside-out nesting is simpler, but the size of the innermost mounting seat 5 in the initial state is usually limited, and the number of installed lasers 11 cannot be too many, resulting in smaller laser power of the machining mechanism in the initial state, and the number of lasers 11 installed on the outer nesting mounting seat 5 is more relative to the inner layer, resulting in a large power jump after nesting; the form of nesting from the outside in can make the number of lasers 11 installed on the outermost mounting seat 5 in the initial state larger, and the laser power of the machining mechanism in the initial state is larger, and the number of lasers 11 installed on the inner nesting mounting seat 5 is less relative to the outer layer, and the power jump after nesting is more stable, but the form of nesting from the outside in will make the volume of the machining mechanism in the initial state larger, and the structure is more complex; optionally, the mounting seat 5 in the initial state can be designed to have multiple rings of lasers 11, or a structure of installing lasers 11 on both sides, and then nesting the mounting seat 5 outside with a single ring of lasers 11.

[0147] The second lens group 3 includes multiple sets of annular lenses 3b of different sizes, and the multiple sets of annular lenses 3b are respectively installed at the bottom of the mounting seat 5 nested inside and outside.

[0148] As shown in FIG. 64, when the second lens group 3 adopts multiple sets of annular lenses 3b, the annular lenses 3b of different rings can be correspondingly installed on the mounting seat 5 of different nesting layers, and this installation form enables each set of mounting seat 5 to form an independent light condensing module, without the need for installation adjustment of the second lens group 3, so that the power expansion of the machining mechanism forms a modularization, and is more convenient to use.

[0149] The first protective mirror 6 is installed between the first lens group 2 and the second lens group 3.

[0150] As shown in FIG. 65, the first protective mirror 6 is used to protect the first lens group 2 from being damaged and prolong its service life; optionally, the first protective mirror 6 is sealingly installed between the mounting seat 5, so that the laser light source 1 and the first lens group 2 work in a closed environment, ensuring the stability of the laser light source 1 and the first lens group 2.

[0151] The second protective mirror 7 is installed at the bottom of the second lens group 3.

[0152] As shown in FIG. 66, the second protective mirror 7 is used to protect the second lens group 3 from being contaminated by molten slag smoke and other splashes generated during laser processing; optionally, the second protective mirror 7 is detachably connected with the mounting seat 5, facilitating its frequent cleaning or replacement.

[0153] The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of the present application adopts an array arrangement of lasers to form a laser light source. The lasers are converged by a first condenser lens group to reduce the divergence angle of the emitted laser light, and then the entire array of lasers is confocally converged by a second condenser lens group. This condensing method can make the installation direction of the lasers consistent, without the need for adjustment. The laser light path and the condensing point are more consistent and accurate. The same installation direction of the lasers enables the volume of the processing mechanism to be reduced, and the volume in the width direction to be more compact. The array arrangement of the lasers of the laser light source can be very dense, and the number of lasers can be much larger than the number of direct lasers, enabling the overall processing power to be very high. The dense distribution of the lasers enables the energy distribution of the laser spot to be more uniform, approaching or even reaching the uniformity of a ring-shaped laser. The array lasers do not require light path shaping, and are simpler in structure than ring-shaped lasers. The first lens group and the second lens group can use different condensing degrees for the lasers in different regions of the laser light source, enabling multiple focal points to be formed for processing, or enabling the laser beam to be divided into a laser beam for melting and a laser beam for preheating, to respectively realize melting and preheating functions. The power of the array lasers can be independently controlled, or divided into multiple groups, and the power of each group is independently controlled, thereby enabling the laser power to exhibit a non-Gaussian distribution, or to exhibit a non-uniform state in different directions. The processing power can also dynamically change with the movement direction of the processing mechanism, thereby enabling the process effect to be enhanced and some complex processing processes to be completed.

[0154] The processing method is used for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism described above, and includes the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the lasers 11 in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

[0155] As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, as an embodiment, the pattern area generated by the control system is in an elliptical shape, the center of the ellipse is at the position of the optical axis, the long axis of the ellipse is along the melting width direction, and the short axis of the ellipse is along the movement direction of the processing mechanism. In this way, the heat input can be reduced and the workpiece processing quality can be improved under the premise of ensuring the melting width. As shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, as an embodiment, the pattern area generated by the control system is in the shape of an inner and outer circular ring. By simultaneously using the two pattern areas for melting, the spatter of the molten pool can be reduced.

[0156] The processing method is used for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism described above, and includes the following control method: the control system selects part of the lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency. The control system dynamically controls the lasers 11 in the pattern area to be turned on and the lasers 11 outside the pattern area to be turned off.

[0157] As shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, as an embodiment, the control system generates a graph area in the shape of an ellipse, and dynamically controls the short axis of the ellipse to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, and dynamically controls the whole graph area to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, so that the melting area can be deviated to the front of the melting direction, and the machining efficiency and machining quality can be improved.

[0158] As shown in FIG. 21 and FIG. 22, as an embodiment, the control system generates a graph area with the center of the graph area deviated to the side of the central optical axis, and dynamically controls the graph area to rotate around the optical axis at a predetermined frequency, so that the melting spot rotates around the machining material 4 during the machining process, and the effect of stirring the molten pool is achieved.

[0159] The machining method is used for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, and includes the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one graph area, and controls the generation or elimination of part or all of the graph areas during the machining process, the control system dynamically controls the laser 11 in the graph area to be turned on, and controls the laser 11 outside the graph area to be turned off.

[0160] As shown in FIG. 25 and FIG. 26, as an embodiment, the control system generates a graph area in the shape of an ellipse, and dynamically controls the short axis of the ellipse to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, and dynamically controls the whole graph area to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, so that the melting area can be deviated to the front of the melting direction, and the machining efficiency and machining quality can be improved.

[0161] The machining method is used for the multi-laser confocal machining mechanism, and includes the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one graph area, and controls the generation or elimination of part or all of the graph areas during the machining process, the control system dynamically controls the laser 11 in the graph area to be turned on, and controls the laser 11 outside the graph area to be turned off.

[0162] As shown in FIG. 27 and FIG. 28, as an embodiment, the control system generates a graph area in the shape of an ellipse, and dynamically controls the short axis of the ellipse to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, and dynamically controls the whole graph area to move along the moving direction of the machining mechanism, so that the melting area can be deviated to the front of the melting direction, and the machining efficiency and machining quality can be improved.

[0163] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency, and the control system dynamically controls the power of the lasers 11 in the pattern area to change.

[0164] As shown in FIG. 29 and FIG. 30, as an embodiment, the pattern area generated by the control system is in the shape of an ellipse, and the control system dynamically controls the short axis of the ellipse to move along the moving direction of the processing mechanism, and dynamically controls the whole ellipse to move along the moving direction of the processing mechanism, and the control system controls the power of the lasers 11 in the ellipse to be higher than the power of the lasers 11 outside the ellipse, so that the melting area can be deviated to the front of the melting direction, and the processing efficiency and the processing quality can be improved.

[0165] As shown in FIG. 31 and FIG. 32, as an embodiment, the pattern area generated by the control system has its center of gravity deviated to one side of the central optical axis, and the control system dynamically controls the pattern area to rotate around the optical axis at a predetermined frequency, and the control system controls the power of the lasers 11 in the pattern area to be higher than the power of the lasers 11 outside the pattern area, so that the melting spot can rotate around the processing material 4 during the processing, and the effect of stirring the molten pool can be achieved.

[0166] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the lasers 11 in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during the processing, and the control system dynamically controls the power of the lasers 11 in the pattern area to change.

[0167] As shown in FIG. 35 and FIG. 36, as an embodiment, the pattern area generated by the control system has one part in the shape of a ring and another part deviated to one side of the processing material 4, and the deviated pattern area is located in the front side of the moving direction of the processing mechanism for preheating the workpiece, the control system controls the power of the lasers 11 in the ring and the deviated pattern to change, and controls the power of the lasers 11 in the deviated pattern to be lower than the power of the lasers 11 in the ring area, and dynamically adjusts the power during the processing according to the melting and preheating requirements, so that better melting and preheating effects can be achieved.

[0168] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source 1 in the pattern area to be turned on during the processing.

[0169] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position change of the pattern area at a predetermined frequency, the control system dynamically controls the laser groups 11a in the pattern area to be turned on, and controls the laser groups 11a outside the pattern area to be turned off.

[0170] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during the processing, the control system dynamically controls the laser groups 11a in the pattern area to be turned on, and controls the laser groups 11a outside the pattern area to be turned off.

[0171] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the power change of the laser light source 1 in the pattern area during the processing.

[0172] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position change of the pattern area at a predetermined frequency, the control system dynamically controls the power change of the laser groups 11a in the pattern area.

[0173] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism comprises the following control methods: the control system selects part of the laser groups 11a in the laser light source 1 to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during the processing, the control system dynamically controls the power change of the laser groups 11a in the pattern area.

[0174] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism.

[0175] The lens group 21 comprises a melting lens group and a preheating lens group, the laser light emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a melting light spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the melting lens group and the second lens group 3, the laser light emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a preheating light spot in the molten pool area after being condensed by the preheating lens group and the second lens group 3, and the area of the preheating light spot is larger than that of the melting light spot.

[0176] The processing method comprises the following processing method: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the processing mechanism relative to the molten base material, and the control system dynamically controls the corresponding laser 11 of the preheating lens group on the side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased.

[0177] The processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism.

[0178] The second auxiliary lens 3a is a concave lens or a convex lens. The laser emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a melting spot on the molten pool area without passing through the second auxiliary lens 3a, and the laser emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a preheating spot on the molten pool area passing through the second auxiliary lens 3a. The preheating spot has a larger area than the melting spot.

[0179] The processing method comprises the following steps: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten substrate, and dynamically controlling the part of the laser 11 on the side of the moving direction corresponding to the second auxiliary lens 3a to be turned on or the power to be improved by the control system.

[0180] The processing method is used for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism.

[0181] The annular lens 3b comprises a melting annular lens and a preheating annular lens. The laser emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a melting spot on the molten pool area after passing through the first lens group 2 and the melting annular lens, and the laser emitted by the laser light source 1 forms a preheating spot on the molten pool area after passing through the first lens group 2 and the preheating annular lens. The preheating spot has a larger area than the melting spot.

[0182] The processing method comprises the following steps: dynamically obtaining the moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten substrate, and dynamically controlling the part of the laser 11 on the side of the moving direction corresponding to the preheating annular lens to be turned on or the power to be improved by the control system.

[0183] The application also provides a processing device comprising the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism and the wire feeding mechanism 8 for feeding the wire material as shown in FIG. 67.

[0184] The wire feeding mechanism 8 feeds the wire material to a set position, the laser head of the laser emits laser, melts the wire material on the substrate, and the substrate moves relative to the laser head to realize additive manufacturing. The processing device comprises an additive manufacturing device, a laser welding device, a laser cladding device, a laser cutting device, a laser drilling device, a laser heat treatment device, etc.

[0185] The above-described embodiments are only examples of the application and do not limit the concept and scope of the application. Various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the application shall fall within the protection scope of the application. The technical content claimed by the application has been fully recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A multi-laser confocal processing mechanism, comprising a laser light source (1), a first lens group (2) and a second lens group (3) arranged in sequence along the laser emission direction of the laser light source (1) ; the laser light source (1) is composed of a plurality of lasers (11), the first lens group (2) is composed of a plurality of lens groups (21), the lens groups (21) are arranged to condense the laser emitted by the lasers (11) for the first time; the laser emitted after being condensed by the lens groups (21) is located within the coverage range of the second lens group (3), and the second lens group (3) is arranged to condense the laser emitted after being condensed by the lens groups (21) for the second time to process a workpiece. 2.The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 1, further comprising a processing material (4), which is conveyed to the condensing position of the second lens group (3) by a material conveying mechanism to be processed.

3. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 2, wherein, A material conveying hole (31) is arranged at the intermediate position of the laser light source (1), the first lens group (2) and the second lens group (3), and the processing material (4) is conveyed through the material conveying hole (31).

4. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The lasers (11) in the laser light source (1) can be independently controlled to turn on or off.

5. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 4, wherein, The lasers (11) in the laser light source (1) can be independently controlled to adjust the power. 6.The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein at least two lasers (11) in the laser light source (1) form a laser group (11a), and the laser group (11a) can be independently controlled to turn on or off.

7. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 6, wherein, The laser group (11a) in the laser light source (1) can be independently controlled to adjust the power.

8. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The lasers (11) are fiber lasers or semiconductor lasers.

9. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The lens group (21) comprises at least one condensing lens.

10. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 9, wherein, The lens group (21) comprises a first auxiliary lens (21a).

11. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of any of claims 1-3, wherein, The second lens group (3) comprises at least one condensing lens.

12. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 11, wherein, The second lens group (3) comprises a second auxiliary lens (3a), which is located on the laser path of part of the lasers (11) in the laser light source (1).

13. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 11, wherein, The second lens group (3) comprises a plurality of groups of radially nested annular lenses (3b).

14. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 11, wherein, The second lens group (3) can be adjusted to move laterally relative to the laser light source (1).

15. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 11, wherein, The second lens group (3) can be adjusted to move vertically relative to the laser light source (1). 16.The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to any one of claims 1-3, further comprising a mounting seat (5), and the laser light source (1) is mounted on the mounting seat (5).

17. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 16, wherein, The mounting seat (5) comprises a lateral mounting portion (51), and the laser light source (1) is mounted on the lateral mounting portion (51).

18. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 16, wherein, The mounting seat (5) comprises a vertical mounting portion (52), and the laser light source (1) is mounted on the vertical mounting portion (52).

19. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 16, wherein, The first lens group (2) is mounted on the mounting seat (5), and the lens group (21) in the first lens group (2) is opposite to the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) in position.

20. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 16, wherein, The second lens group (3) is mounted on the mounting seat (5).

21. The multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 16, comprising a plurality of mounting seats (5) of different sizes, which can be combined and mounted in nested manner.

22. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 21, wherein, The second lens group (3) comprises a plurality of annular lenses (3b) of different sizes, which are respectively mounted at the bottom of the mounting seat (5) of different sizes in nested manner.

23. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 19, wherein, The first protective mirror (6) is mounted between the first lens group (2) and the second lens group (3).

24. The multi-laser confocal machining mechanism of claim 20, wherein, The second protective mirror (7) is mounted at the bottom of the second lens group (3).

25. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 4, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source (1) in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

26. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 4, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency, and the control system dynamically controls the laser (11) in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the laser (11) outside the pattern area to be turned off.

27. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 4, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part or all of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during processing, and the control system dynamically controls the laser (11) in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the laser (11) outside the pattern area to be turned off.

28. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 5, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the power of the laser light source (1) in the pattern area to change during processing.

29. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism according to claim 5, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser (11) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position of the pattern area to change at a predetermined frequency, and the control system dynamically controls the power of the laser (11) in the pattern area to change.

30. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 5, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during processing, and the control system dynamically controls the power variation of the laser groups (11a) in the pattern area.

31. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 6, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the laser light source (1) in the pattern area to be turned on during processing.

32. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 6, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position variation of the pattern area at a predetermined frequency, and the control system dynamically controls the laser groups (11a) in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the laser groups (11a) outside the pattern area to be turned off.

33. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 6, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during processing, and the control system dynamically controls the laser groups (11a) in the pattern area to be turned on and controls the laser groups (11a) outside the pattern area to be turned off.

34. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 7, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the power variation of the laser light source (1) in the pattern area during processing.

35. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 7, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls the position variation of the pattern area at a predetermined frequency, and the control system dynamically controls the power variation of the laser groups (11a) in the pattern area.

36. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 7, comprising the following control method: the control system selects part of the laser groups (11a) in the laser light source (1) to generate not less than one pattern area, and controls part of the pattern areas to be generated or eliminated during processing, and the control system dynamically controls the power variation of the laser groups (11a) in the pattern area.

37. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 9 or 10. The lens group (21) comprises a melting lens group and a preheating lens group, the laser light source (1) emits laser light, after converging through the melting lens group and the second lens group (3), forms a melting spot in the molten pool area, the laser light source (1) emits laser light, after converging through the preheating lens group and the second lens group (3), forms a preheating spot in the molten pool area, the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot; The processing method comprises: The moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material is dynamically obtained, and the control system dynamically controls the laser (11) corresponding to the preheating lens group on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased.

38. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 12; The second auxiliary lens (3a) is a concave lens or a convex lens, the laser light source (1) emits laser light without converging through the second auxiliary lens (3a) to form a melting spot in the molten pool area, and the laser light source (1) emits laser light to form a preheating spot in the molten pool area after converging through the second auxiliary lens (3a), the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot; The processing method comprises: The moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material is dynamically obtained, and the control system dynamically controls the laser (11) corresponding to the second auxiliary lens (3a) on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased.

39. A processing method for the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of claim 13; The annular lens (3b) comprises a melting annular lens and a preheating annular lens, the laser light source (1) emits laser light, after converging through the first lens group (2) and the melting annular lens, forms a melting spot in the molten pool area, and the laser light source (1) emits laser light, after converging through the first lens group (2) and the preheating annular lens, forms a preheating spot in the molten pool area, the area of the preheating spot is larger than the area of the melting spot; The processing method comprises: The moving direction of the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism relative to the molten base material is dynamically obtained, and the control system dynamically controls the laser (11) corresponding to the preheating annular lens on one side of the moving direction to be turned on or the power to be increased.

40. A processing device comprising the multi-laser confocal processing mechanism of any one of claims 1-24 and a wire feeding mechanism arranged to feed a wire.

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