Method by which device performs communication in wireless communication system, and device therefor

Abstract

A device according to various embodiments may receive measurement configuration information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receive at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals on the basis of the measurement configuration information, and report measurement information measured on the basis of the at least one reference signal.

Description

A method for a device to perform communication in a wireless communication system and a device for the same

[0001] This relates to a method for a terminal to perform a measurement report in a wireless communication system and a device for doing so.

[0002] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0003] Sidelink (SL) refers to a communication method in which User Equipment (UE) establishes a direct link to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without passing through a Base Station (BS). SL is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations caused by rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0004] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-equipped objects through wired or wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through PC5 interfaces and / or Uu interfaces.

[0005] Meanwhile, as more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems considering services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed; next-generation radio access technology that incorporates improved mobile broadband communication, Massive Machine Type Communication (MTC), and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLC) can be referred to as new radio access technology (new RAT) or new radio (NR). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication can also be supported in NR.

[0006] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0007] Regarding V2X communication, prior to NR, RATs mainly discussed methods for providing safety services based on V2X messages such as BSM (Basic Safety Message), CAM (Cooperative Awareness Message), and DENM (Decentralized Environmental Notification Message). V2X messages can include location information, dynamic information, attribute information, etc. For example, a terminal can transmit a CAM of the periodic message type and / or a DENM of the event-triggered message type to another terminal.

[0008] For example, the CAM may include basic vehicle information such as dynamic state information of the vehicle, such as direction and speed, static data of the vehicle, such as dimensions, external lighting conditions, and route history. For example, a terminal may broadcast the CAM, and the latency of the CAM may be less than 100ms. For example, in the event of an unexpected situation such as a vehicle breakdown or accident, the terminal may generate a DENM and transmit it to other terminals. For example, all vehicles within the transmission range of the terminal may receive the CAM and / or DENM. In this case, the DENM may have a higher priority than the CAM.

[0009] Since then, regarding V2X communication, various V2X scenarios have been presented in NR. For example, various V2X scenarios may include vehicle platooning, advanced driving, extended sensors, remote driving, etc.

[0010] For example, based on vehicle platooning, vehicles can dynamically form groups and move together. For example, to perform platoon operations based on vehicle platooning, vehicles belonging to said group can receive periodic data from the lead vehicle. For example, vehicles belonging to said group can use said periodic data to reduce or increase the distance between vehicles.

[0011] For example, based on enhanced driving, vehicles can be semi-automated or fully automated. For example, each vehicle can adjust trajectories or maneuvers based on data acquired from local sensors of nearby vehicles and / or nearby logical entities. Additionally, for example, each vehicle can mutually share driving intentions with nearby vehicles.

[0012] For example, based on extended sensors, raw data or processed data or live video data acquired through local sensors can be exchanged between vehicles, logical entities, pedestrian terminals and / or V2X application servers. Thus, for example, a vehicle can perceive an environment that is enhanced compared to the environment it can detect using its own sensors.

[0013] For example, based on remote driving, a remote driver or V2X application can operate or control a remote vehicle for a person unable to drive or for a remote vehicle located in a dangerous environment. For example, in cases where the route is predictable, such as in public transportation, cloud computing-based driving can be used for the operation or control of the remote vehicle. Additionally, access to a cloud-based back-end service platform, for example, can be considered for remote driving.

[0014] Meanwhile, methods to specify service requirements for various V2X scenarios, such as vehicle platooning, enhanced driving, extended sensors, and remote driving, are being discussed in NR-based V2X communication.

[0015] The technical problem that the present invention aims to solve is to provide a method for performing measurement reporting more accurately and efficiently.

[0016] The technical problems are not limited to those mentioned above, and other technical problems not mentioned will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs from the description below.

[0017] A method by a UE (User Equipment) according to one aspect comprises: receiving measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals; receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information; and reporting measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0018] Alternatively, based on the fact that the measurement setting information further includes information for setting at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals, the UE may report the measurement information measured only for the at least one reference signal received in the at least one time interval.

[0019] Alternatively, the above at least one time interval may be set based on at least one of the delay budget and QoS (Quality of Service) of the UE.

[0020] Alternatively, the reference signal associated with the cell located in the highest height range among the plurality of reference signals may be set for the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals.

[0021] Alternatively, the reference signal associated with the cell located in the lowest height range among the plurality of reference signals may be set for the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals.

[0022] Alternatively, the plurality of reference signals may be for at least one of the SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) and CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal).

[0023] Alternatively, the plurality of reference signals may be associated with at least one NTN (Non-terrestrial Network) cell.

[0024] Alternatively, the UE may determine a time interval for receiving the at least one reference signal among the plurality of time intervals based on at least one of a delay budget and a Quality of Service (QoS).

[0025] Alternatively, the above measurement information may further include list information for at least one neighboring cell.

[0026] According to another aspect, at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium comprises instructions for performing operations when executed by at least one processor, said operations include receiving measurement setting information including information about a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receiving at least one of the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, and reporting measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, said plurality of reference signals each may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0027] According to another aspect, a UE (User Equipment) includes an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and a processor connected to the RF transceiver, wherein the processor controls the RF transceiver to receive measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receives at least one of the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, reports measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, and each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0028] According to another aspect, a processing device for controlling a UE (User Equipment) comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein the operations include receiving measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, and reporting measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0029] A method by a base station according to another aspect comprises the steps of: transmitting measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals to a UE (User Equipment); and receiving measurement information measured based on the measurement setting information from the UE, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0030] A base station according to another aspect includes an RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and a processor connected to the RF transceiver, wherein the processor controls the RF transceiver to transmit measurement setting information, which includes information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, to a UE (User Equipment), and receives measurement information measured based on the measurement setting information from the UE, and each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present invention, measurement reporting can be performed accurately and efficiently in a wireless communication system. According to one example, the disruption of service continuity of a UE due to propagation delay based on the height of the NTN cell / cell connected by a handover procedure or cell search can be minimized, and the opportunity to select a candidate NTN cell / candidate cell considering the propagation delay based on the height of the NTN cell / cell can be guaranteed.

[0032] The effects obtainable from various embodiments are not limited to those mentioned above, and other unmentioned effects will be clearly understood by those skilled in the art from the description below.

[0033] The drawings attached to this specification are intended to provide an understanding of the present invention, to illustrate various embodiments of the invention, and to explain the principles of the invention together with the description in the specification.

[0034] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a comparison between V2X communication based on RAT prior to NR and V2X communication based on NR.

[0035] Figure 2 shows the structure of an LTE system.

[0036] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0037] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0038] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0039] FIG. 6 shows a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0040] FIG. 7 shows an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 8 shows the radio protocol architecture for SL communication.

[0042] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0043] Figure 10 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.

[0044] FIG. 11 shows an example of a BWP according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0045] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0046] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating the control plane procedure of an L2 U2N relay (UE-to-Network Relay).

[0047] FIGS. 14 to 18 are drawings for explaining the U2X system.

[0048] Figures 19 to 27 are diagrams illustrating how a UAV performs a handover in relation to a satellite gNB.

[0049] Figures 28 and 29 are drawings for explaining the coverage of NTN.

[0050] FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a method for setting a time interval of a measurement resource / reference resource to measure signal quality associated with a cell according to the height range of an NTN cell.

[0051] FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating how a UE performs a measurement based on measurement setting information.

[0052] FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating how a base station receives measurement information from a UE.

[0053] FIG. 33 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0054] FIG. 34 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0055] FIG. 35 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service.

[0056] FIG. 36 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention is applied.

[0057] A wireless communication system is a multiple access system that supports communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., bandwidth, transmission power, etc.). Examples of multiple access systems include CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access), and MC-FDMA (multi carrier frequency division multiple access) systems.

[0058] Sidelink refers to a communication method in which User Equipment (UE) establishes a direct link to directly exchange voice or data between terminals without passing through a Base Station (BS). Sidelink is being considered as a solution to address the burden on base stations caused by rapidly increasing data traffic.

[0059] V2X (vehicle-to-everything) refers to a communication technology that exchanges information with other vehicles, pedestrians, and infrastructure-equipped objects through wired or wireless communication. V2X can be classified into four types: V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), and V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian). V2X communication can be provided through PC5 interfaces and / or Uu interfaces.

[0060] Meanwhile, as more communication devices require larger communication capacities, the need for improved mobile broadband communication compared to existing Radio Access Technology (RAT) is emerging. Accordingly, communication systems considering services or terminals sensitive to reliability and latency are being discussed; next-generation radio access technology that incorporates improved mobile broadband communication, Massive MTC, and URLLC (Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication) can be referred to as new radio access technology (new RAT) or new radio (NR). Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication can also be supported in NR.

[0061] The following technologies can be used in various wireless communication systems such as CDMA (code division multiple access), FDMA (frequency division multiple access), TDMA (time division multiple access), OFDMA (orthogonal frequency division multiple access), and SC-FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access). CDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as UTRA (universal terrestrial radio access) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as GSM (global system for mobile communications), GPRS (general packet radio service), and EDGE (enhanced data rates for GSM evolution). OFDMA can be implemented using wireless technologies such as IEEE (institute of electrical and electronics engineers) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, and E-UTRA (evolved UTRA). IEEE 802.16m is an evolution of IEEE 802.16e and provides backward compatibility with systems based on IEEE 802.16e. UTRA is part of UMTS (universal mobile telecommunications system). 3GPP (3rd generation partnership project) LTE (long term evolution) is part of E-UMTS (evolved UMTS) which uses E-UTRA (evolved-UMTS terrestrial radio access), employing OFDMA in the downlink and SC-FDMA in the uplink.LTE-A (advanced) is an evolution of 3GPP LTE.

[0062] 5G NR is a successor technology to LTE-A and is a new clean-slate type mobile communication system with characteristics such as high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, ranging from low frequency bands below 1 GHz to mid-frequency bands from 1 GHz to 10 GHz, and high frequency (millimeter wave) bands above 24 GHz.

[0063] For clarity of explanation, the description focuses on LTE-A or 5G NR, but the technical concept of the embodiment(s) is not limited thereto.

[0064] Figure 2 shows the structure of an applicable LTE system. This can be called an E-UTRAN (Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network), or an LTE (Long Term Evolution) / LTE-A system.

[0065] Referring to FIG. 2, the E-UTRAN includes a base station (20; Base Station, BS) that provides a control plane and a user plane to a terminal (10). The terminal (10) may be fixed or mobile and may be referred to by other terms such as MS (Mobile Station), UT (User Terminal), SS (Subscriber Station), MT (Mobile Terminal), or Wireless Device. The base station (20) refers to a fixed station that communicates with the terminal (10) and may be referred to by other terms such as eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), or Access Point.

[0066] Base stations (20) can be connected to each other through an X2 interface. The base station (20) is connected to the EPC (Evolved Packet Core, 30) through the S1 interface, more specifically to the MME (Mobility Management Entity) through the S1-MME and to the S-GW (Serving Gateway) through the S1-U.

[0067] The EPC (30) consists of an MME, an S-GW, and a P-GW (Packet Data Network-Gateway). The MME holds information regarding the terminal's connection information or capabilities, and this information is primarily used for managing the terminal's mobility. The S-GW is a gateway with an E-UTRAN as its endpoint, and the P-GW is a gateway with a PDN as its endpoint.

[0068] The layers of the Radio Interface Protocol between a terminal and a network can be classified into L1 (Layer 1), L2 (Layer 2), and L3 (Layer 3) based on the lower three layers of the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which is widely known in communication systems. Among these, the Physical Layer, belonging to Layer 1, provides Information Transfer Services using a physical channel, while the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, located at Layer 3, performs the role of controlling radio resources between the terminal and the network. To this end, the RRC layer exchanges RRC messages between the terminal and the base station.

[0069] Figure 3 shows the structure of the NR system.

[0070] Referring to FIG. 3, the NG-RAN may include gNBs and / or eNBs that provide user plane and control plane protocol termination to terminals. FIG. 7 illustrates a case where only gNBs are included. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to each other via Xn interfaces. The gNBs and eNBs are connected to the 5G Core Network (5GC) via NG interfaces. More specifically, they are connected to the access and mobility management function (AMF) via NG-C interfaces and to the user plane function (UPF) via NG-U interfaces.

[0071] Figure 4 shows the structure of a wireless frame of NR.

[0072] Referring to FIG. 4, radio frames can be used for uplink and downlink transmission in NR. The radio frame has a length of 10 ms and can be defined as two 5 ms half-frames (HF). A half-frame may contain five 1 ms subframes (SF). A subframe may be divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots within a subframe may be determined by the subcarrier spacing (SCS). Each slot may contain 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to the cyclic prefix (CP).

[0073] When normal CP is used, each slot may contain 14 symbols. When extended CP is used, each slot may contain 12 symbols. Here, the symbols may include OFDM symbols (or CP-OFDM symbols) and SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - FDMA) symbols (or DFT-s-OFDM (Discrete Fourier Transform-spread-OFDM) symbols).

[0074] Table 1 below shows the number of symbols per slot ((N) according to the SCS setting (u) when normal CP is used. slot symb ), number of slots per frame((N frame,u slot ) and the number of slots per subframe((N subframe,u slot ) exemplifies.

[0075] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 15KHz (u=0)1410130KHz (u=1)1420260KHz (u=2)14404120KHz (u=3)14808240KHz (u=4)1416016

[0076] Table 2 shows the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe according to the SCS when an extended CP is used.

[0077] SCS (15*2 u )N slot symb N frame,u slot N subframe,u slot 60KHz (u=2)12404

[0078] In an NR system, the OFDM(A) numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.) can be configured differently among multiple cells that are merged into a single terminal. Accordingly, the (absolute time) interval of a time resource (e.g., subframe, slot, or TTI) (collectively referred to as TU (Time Unit) for convenience) composed of the same number of symbols can be configured differently among the merged cells.

[0079] In NR, multiple numerologies or SCSs may be supported to support various 5G services. For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide area in traditional cellular bands may be supported, and if the SCS is 30 kHz / 60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidth may be supported. If the SCS is 60 kHz or higher, a bandwidth greater than 24.25 GHz may be supported to overcome phase noise.

[0080] The NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges. The two types of frequency ranges may be FR1 and FR2. The numerical values ​​of the frequency ranges may change, for example, as shown in Table 3 below. Among the frequency ranges used in an NR system, FR1 may mean "sub 6GHz range" and FR2 may mean "above 6GHz range" and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

[0081] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1450MHz - 6000MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0082] As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NR system may change. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 4 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example, the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included within FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band may be used for various purposes, for example, for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

[0083] Frequency Range designationCorresponding frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing (SCS)FR1410MHz - 7125MHz15, 30, 60kHzFR224250MHz - 52600MHz60, 120, 240kHz

[0084] Figure 5 shows the slot structure of an NR frame.

[0085] Referring to FIG. 5, a slot contains multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 12 symbols. Alternatively, in the case of a normal CP, one slot may contain 7 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot may contain 6 symbols.

[0086] A carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Resource Block (RB) can be defined as multiple (e.g., 12) consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain. A Bandwidth Part (BWP) can be defined as multiple consecutive (P)RBs ((Physical) Resource Blocks) in the frequency domain and can correspond to a single numerology (e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.). A carrier can include up to N (e.g., 5) BWPs. Data communication can be performed through the active BWPs. Each element can be referred to as a Resource Element (RE) in a resource grid and can be mapped to a single complex symbol.

[0087] Meanwhile, a wireless interface between terminals or a wireless interface between a terminal and a network may be composed of L1, L2, and L3 layers. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, L1 layer may refer to the physical layer. Additionally, for example, L2 layer may refer to at least one of the MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, and SDAP layer. Additionally, for example, L3 layer may refer to the RRC layer.

[0088] FIG. 6 illustrates a communication structure that can be provided in a 6G system according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 6 can be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0089] New network characteristics in 6G may be as follows.

[0090] - Satellite Integrated Network

[0091] - Connected Intelligence: Unlike previous generations of wireless communication systems, 6G is innovative and will update wireless evolution from "connected things" to "connected intelligence." AI can be applied at each stage of the communication process (or at each step of the signal processing described below).

[0092] - Seamless integration of wireless information and energy transfer

[0093] - Ubiquitous Super 3D Connectivity: Connectivity to the network and core network functions of drones and very low Earth orbit satellites will create Super 3D connectivity in 6G ubiquitous.

[0094] Some general requirements regarding the new network characteristics of 6G mentioned above may be as follows.

[0095] - Small cell networks

[0096] - Ultra-dense heterogeneous network

[0097] - High-capacity backhaul

[0098] - Radar technology integrated with mobile technology: High-precision localization (or location-based services) through communication is one of the functions of 6G wireless communication systems. Therefore, radar systems will be integrated with 6G networks.

[0099] - Softwarization and virtualization

[0100] The core implementation technologies of the 6G system are described below.

[0101] - Artificial Intelligence: Introducing AI into communications can streamline and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how complex target tasks are performed using numerous analyses. In other words, AI can increase efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly using AI. AI can also play a significant role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communication. Furthermore, AI can enable rapid communication in Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, intelligent structures, intelligent networks, intelligent devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0102] - THz Communication: Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced large-scale MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as sub-millimeter radiation, generally refer to a frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz with corresponding wavelengths ranging from 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The 100 GHz-300 GHz band range (Sub-THz band) is considered the primary portion of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding the Sub-THz band to the mmWave band increases 6G cellular communication capacity. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz-3 THz band is located in the far-infrared (IR) frequency band. Although the 300 GHz-3 THz band is part of the optical band, it lies at the boundary of the optical band and immediately following the RF band. Therefore, this 300 GHz-3 THz band exhibits similarities to RF.

[0103] FIG. 7 illustrates an electromagnetic spectrum according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 7 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a widely available bandwidth to support very high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring at high frequencies (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beam width generated by highly directional antennas reduces interference. The small wavelength of THz signals allows a much larger number of antenna elements to be integrated into devices and BSs operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that can overcome range limitations.

[0104] - Large-scale MIMO technology

[0105] - Hologram beamforming (HBF)

[0106] - Optical wireless technology

[0107] - Free Space Optical Transmission Backhaul Network (FSO backhaul network)

[0108] - Quantum communication

[0109] - Cell-free communication

[0110] - Integration of wireless information and power transmission

[0111] - Integration of wireless communication and sensing

[0112] - Integrated access and backhaul network

[0113] - Big data analysis

[0114] - Reconfigurable intelligent metasurface

[0115] - Metaverse

[0116] - blockchain

[0117] - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV): UAVs or drones will be a critical element in 6G wireless communication. In most cases, high-speed data wireless connectivity can be provided using UAV technology. Base station (BS) entities can be installed on UAVs to provide cellular connectivity. UAVs can possess specific features not found in fixed BS infrastructure, such as easy deployment, robust line-of-sight links, and controlled degrees of freedom for mobility. During emergencies, such as natural disasters, the deployment of ground communication infrastructure is not economically feasible, and sometimes services cannot be provided in volatile environments. UAVs can easily handle these situations. UAVs will become a new paradigm in the field of wireless communication. This technology facilitates the three fundamental requirements of wireless networks: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. UAVs can also support various purposes, such as enhancing network connectivity, fire detection, disaster emergency services, security and surveillance, pollution monitoring, parking monitoring, and accident monitoring. Therefore, UAV technology is recognized as one of the most critical technologies for 6G communication.

[0118] - Autonomous Driving (Self-Driving): V2X (Vehicle to Everything), a core element in building autonomous driving infrastructure, refers to technologies that enable vehicles to communicate and share with various elements on the road for autonomous driving, such as wireless communication between vehicles (Vehicle to Vehicle, V2V) and between vehicles and infrastructure (Vehicle to Infrastructure, V2I). Fast transmission speeds and low-latency technologies are essential to maximize autonomous driving performance and ensure high safety. Furthermore, future autonomous driving may go beyond merely delivering warning or guidance messages to the driver to actively intervene in vehicle operation and directly control the vehicle in dangerous situations. Since the amount of information to be transmitted and received may become massive for this purpose, it is expected that 6G will be able to maximize autonomous driving through faster transmission speeds and lower latency compared to 5G.

[0119] FIG. 8 illustrates a radio protocol architecture for SL communication. Specifically, FIG. 8 (a) shows the user plane protocol stack of NR, and FIG. 8 (b) shows the control plane protocol stack of NR.

[0120] The Sidelink Synchronization Signal (SLSS) and synchronization information are described below.

[0121] SLSS is an SL-specific sequence that may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS to detect a primary signal and obtain synchronization. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS and S-SSSS to obtain detailed synchronization and detect a synchronization signal ID.

[0122] PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that a terminal must know first is transmitted before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, the basic information may include information related to SLSS, Duplex Mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, information related to resource pools, types of applications related to SLSS, subframe offsets, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC.

[0123] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) within the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)set SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RB. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)set. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0124] Meanwhile, in an NR SL system, multiple numerologies having different SCS and / or CP lengths may be supported. In this case, as the SCS increases, the length of the time resource for the transmitting terminal to transmit S-SSBs may decrease. Consequently, the coverage of S-SSBs may decrease. Therefore, to ensure S-SSB coverage, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or more S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle according to the SCS. For example, the number of S-SSBs transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal within a single S-SSB transmission cycle may be pre-configured or configured for the transmitting terminal. For example, the S-SSB transmission cycle may be 160ms. For example, an S-SSB transmission cycle of 160ms may be supported for all SCSs.

[0125] For example, if the SCS is 15 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 30 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one or two S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz at FR1, the transmitting terminal may transmit one, two, or four S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

[0126] For example, if the SCS is 60 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle. For example, if the SCS is 120 kHz at FR2, the transmitting terminal can transmit 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 64 S-SSBs to the receiving terminal within one S-SSB transmission cycle.

[0127] Meanwhile, when the SCS is 60 kHz, two types of CP may be supported. Additionally, depending on the CP type, the structure of the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal to the receiving terminal may differ. For example, the CP type may be Normal CP (NCP) or Extended CP (ECP). Specifically, for example, if the CP type is NCP, the number of symbols mapping PSBCH within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 9 or 8. On the other hand, for example, if the CP type is ECP, the number of symbols mapping PSBCH within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal may be 7 or 6. For example, PSBCH may be mapped to the first symbol within the S-SSB transmitted by the transmitting terminal. For example, the receiving terminal receiving the S-SSB may perform Automatic Gain Control (AGC) operation during the first symbol interval of the S-SSB.

[0128] Figure 9 shows a terminal performing V2X or SL communication.

[0129] Referring to FIG. 9, in V2X or SL communication, the term terminal may primarily refer to a user's terminal. However, if network equipment such as a base station transmits and receives signals according to the communication method between terminals, the base station may also be considered a type of terminal. For example, terminal 1 may be a first device (100), and terminal 2 may be a second device (200).

[0130] For example, terminal 1 can select a resource unit corresponding to a specific resource within a resource pool, which represents a set of resources. Then, terminal 1 can transmit an SL signal using the said resource unit. For example, terminal 2, which is a receiving terminal, can be configured with a resource pool in which terminal 1 can transmit a signal, and can detect terminal 1's signal within said resource pool.

[0131] Here, if terminal 1 is within the connection range of the base station, the base station may inform terminal 1 of the resource pool. On the other hand, if terminal 1 is outside the connection range of the base station, another terminal may inform terminal 1 of the resource pool, or terminal 1 may use a pre-configured resource pool.

[0132] Generally, a resource pool can be composed of multiple resource units, and each terminal can select one or more resource units to use for its SL signal transmission.

[0133] Figure 10 shows a resource unit for V2X or SL communication.

[0134] Referring to FIG. 10, the total frequency resources of the resource pool can be divided into NF units, and the total time resources of the resource pool can be divided into NT units. Thus, a total of NF * NT resource units can be defined within the resource pool. FIG. 10 illustrates an example where the resource pool is repeated in a period of NT subframes.

[0135] As shown in FIG. 10, a single resource unit (e.g., Unit #0) may appear repeatedly over time. Alternatively, to obtain diversity effects in the time or frequency dimension, the index of the physical resource unit to which a single logical resource unit is mapped may change in a predetermined pattern over time. In this structure of resource units, a resource pool may refer to a set of resource units that a terminal intending to transmit an SL signal can use for transmission.

[0136] Resource pools can be subdivided into several types. For example, depending on the content of the SL signals transmitted from each resource pool, resource pools can be classified as follows.

[0137] (1) A Scheduling Assignment (SA) may be a signal containing information such as the location of the resource used by the transmitting terminal for transmission of the SL data channel, the Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) or Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transmission method required for demodulation of the data channel, and Timing Advance (TA). The SA may also be multiplexed and transmitted together with the SL data on the same resource unit, in which case the SA resource pool may refer to a resource pool in which the SA is multiplexed and transmitted together with the SL data. The SA may also be called the SL control channel.

[0138] (2) A Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH) may be a resource pool used by a transmitting terminal to transmit user data. If SA is multiplexed and transmitted along with SL data on the same resource unit, only the form of the SL data channel excluding SA information can be transmitted from the resource pool for the SL data channel. In other words, REs (Resource Elements) that were used to transmit SA information on individual resource units within the SA resource pool can still be used to transmit SL data in the resource pool of the SL data channel. For example, the transmitting terminal can transmit by mapping the PSSCH to a succession of PRBs.

[0139] (3) The discovery channel may be a resource pool for a transmitting terminal to transmit information such as its ID. Through this, the transmitting terminal can enable adjacent terminals to discover it.

[0140] Even if the content of the SL signal described above is the same, different resource pools may be used depending on the transmission and reception attributes of the SL signal. For example, even if the same SL data channel or discovery message is used, it may be divided into different resource pools depending on the method of determining the transmission timing of the SL signal (e.g., whether it is transmitted at the time of reception of the synchronization reference signal or whether it is transmitted by applying a certain timing advance at the time of reception), the method of resource allocation (e.g., whether the base station assigns the transmission resource of an individual signal to the individual transmission terminal or whether the individual transmission terminal selects the individual signal transmission resource itself from within the resource pool), the signal format (e.g., the number of symbols occupied by each SL signal in one subframe, or the number of subframes used for the transmission of one SL signal), the signal strength from the base station, the transmission power strength of the SL terminal, etc.

[0141] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a BWP according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 11 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure. In the embodiment of FIG. 11, it is assumed that there are three BWPs.

[0142] Referring to FIG. 11, the common resource block (CRB) may be a numbered carrier resource block extending from one end of the carrier band to the other. And, the PRB may be a numbered resource block within each BWP. Point A may indicate a common reference point for the resource block grid.

[0143] A BWP can be configured by point A, an offset from point A (NstartBWP), and a bandwidth (NsizeBWP). For example, point A may be an external reference point of the PRB of a carrier where the subcarrier 0 of all numerologies (e.g., all numerologies supported by the network on that carrier) is aligned. For example, the offset may be the PRB interval between the lowest subcarrier in a given numerology and point A. For example, the bandwidth may be the number of PRBs in a given numerology.

[0144] SLSS (Sidelink Synchronization Signal) is a sidelink-specific sequence and may include PSSS (Primary Sidelink Synchronization Signal) and SSSS (Secondary Sidelink Synchronization Signal). The PSSS may be referred to as S-PSS (Sidelink Primary Synchronization Signal), and the SSSS may be referred to as S-SSS (Sidelink Secondary Synchronization Signal). For example, length-127 M-sequences may be used for S-PSS, and length-127 Gold sequences may be used for S-SSS. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS to detect the initial signal and obtain synchronization. For example, a terminal may use S-PSS and S-SSSS to obtain detailed synchronization and detect the synchronization signal ID.

[0145] The PSBCH (Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel) may be a (broadcast) channel through which basic (system) information that the terminal must know first is transmitted before transmitting or receiving SL signals. For example, the basic information may include information related to SLSS, Duplex Mode (DM), TDD UL / DL (Time Division Duplex Uplink / Downlink) configuration, information related to resource pools, types of applications related to SLSS, subframe offsets, broadcast information, etc. For example, to evaluate PSBCH performance, in NR V2X, the payload size of the PSBCH may be 56 bits, including a 24-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).

[0146] S-PSS, S-SSS, and PSBCH may be included in a block format that supports periodic transmission (e.g., SL SS (Synchronization Signal) / PSBCH block, hereinafter S-SSB (Sidelink-Synchronization Signal Block)). The S-SSB may have the same numerology (i.e., SCS and CP lengths) as the PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel) / PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) within the carrier, and the transmission bandwidth may be within a (pre-)set SL BWP (Sidelink BWP). For example, the bandwidth of the S-SSB may be 11 RB (Resource Block). For example, the PSBCH may span 11 RB. Additionally, the frequency position of the S-SSB may be (pre-)set. Therefore, the terminal does not need to perform hypothesis detection at the frequency to discover the S-SSB in the carrier.

[0147] FIG. 12 illustrates a procedure in which a terminal performs V2X or SL communication according to a resource allocation mode, according to one embodiment of the present disclosure. The embodiment of FIG. 12 may be combined with various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0148] Referring to FIG. 12(a), in resource allocation mode 1, the base station may schedule SL resources to be used by the terminal for SL transmission. For example, in step S1200, the base station may transmit information related to SL resources and / or information related to UL resources to the first terminal. For example, the UL resources may include PUCCH resources and / or PUSCH resources. For example, the UL resources may be resources for reporting SL HARQ feedback to the base station.

[0149] For example, the first terminal may receive information related to a dynamic grant (DG) resource and / or information related to a configured grant (CG) resource from the base station. For example, the CG resource may include a CG type 1 resource or a CG type 2 resource. In this specification, the DG resource may be a resource that the base station sets / assigns to the first terminal via downlink control information (DCI). In this specification, the CG resource may be a (periodic) resource that the base station sets / assigns to the first terminal via DCI and / or RRC messages. For example, in the case of a CG type 1 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal. For example, in the case of a CG type 2 resource, the base station may transmit an RRC message containing information related to the CG resource to the first terminal, and the base station may transmit DCI related to the activation or release of the CG resource to the first terminal.

[0150] In step S1510, the first terminal may transmit a PSCCH (e.g., Sidelink Control Information or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal based on the resource scheduling. In step S1220, the first terminal may transmit a PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal may receive a PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal. For example, HARQ feedback information (e.g., NACK information or ACK information) may be received from the second terminal via the PSFCH. In step S1240, the first terminal may transmit / report the HARQ feedback information to the base station via a PUCCH or PUSCH. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on HARQ feedback information received from the second terminal. For example, the HARQ feedback information reported to the base station may be information generated by the first terminal based on a pre-set rule. For example, the DCI may be a DCI for scheduling SL.

[0151] Referring to FIG. 12(b), in resource allocation mode 2, the terminal can determine an SL transmission resource within an SL resource set by the base station / network or a preset SL resource. For example, the set SL resource or the preset SL resource may be a resource pool. For example, the terminal may autonomously select or schedule a resource for SL transmission. For example, the terminal may perform SL communication by selecting a resource itself within the set resource pool. For example, the terminal may select a resource itself within a selection window by performing a sensing and resource (re)selection procedure. For example, the sensing may be performed on a subchannel basis. For example, in step S1210, the first terminal, having selected a resource itself within the resource pool, may use the resource to transmit PSCCH (e.g., SCI (Sidelink Control Information) or 1st-stage SCI) to the second terminal. In step S1220, the first terminal can transmit PSSCH (e.g., 2nd-stage SCI, MAC PDU, data, etc.) associated with the PSCCH to the second terminal. In step S1230, the first terminal can receive PSFCH associated with the PSCCH / PSSCH from the second terminal.

[0152] Referring to FIG. 12 (a) or (b), for example, the first terminal may transmit an SCI to the second terminal over the PSCCH. Or, for example, the first terminal may transmit two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to the second terminal over the PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In this case, the second terminal may decode the two consecutive SCIs (e.g., 2-stage SCIs) to receive the PSSCH from the first terminal. In this specification, an SCI transmitted over the PSCCH may be referred to as the 1st SCI, the 1st SCI, the 1st-stage SCI, or the 1st-stage SCI format, and an SCI transmitted over the PSSCH may be referred to as the 2nd SCI, the 2nd SCI, the 2nd-stage SCI, or the 2nd-stage SCI format.

[0153] Referring to FIG. 12 (a) or (b), in step S1530, the first terminal can receive PSFCH. For example, the first terminal and the second terminal can determine a PSFCH resource, and the second terminal can use the PSFCH resource to transmit HARQ feedback to the first terminal.

[0154] Referring to FIG. 12(a), in step S1540, the first terminal can transmit SL HARQ feedback to the base station via PUCCH and / or PUSCH.

[0155] Figure 13 is a diagram illustrating the control plane procedure of an L2 U2N relay (UE-to-Network Relay).

[0156] The PC5-RRC side PC5 unicast link setup procedure of Rel-16 NR V2X can be reused to set up a secure unicast link for layer 2 UE-to-Network relaying between the remote UE and the relay UE before the remote UE establishes a Uu RRC connection with the network through the relay UE.

[0157] For both in-coverage and out-of-coverage situations, when the remote UE initiates the first RRC message to establish a connection with the gNB, the PC5 L2 configuration for transmission between the remote UE and the U2N relay UE can be based on the RLC / MAC configuration defined in the standard. The establishment of the remote UE's Uu SRB1 / SRB2 and DRB follows the legacy Uu configuration procedure for the L2 U2N relay.

[0158] A specified scenario (TS 38.300) describes the control plane procedure of the L2 U2N relay as follows.

[0159] In step S1300, the remote UE and the relay UE perform a discovery procedure and can establish a PC5-RRC connection in step S1301 based on the existing Rel-16 procedure.

[0160] In step S1302, the remote UE can send the first RRC message (i.e., RRCSetupRequest) to establish a connection with the gNB via the Relay UE using the default L2 configuration of PC5. The gNB responds to the remote UE with an RRCSetup message (S1303). The delivery of the RRCSetup to the remote UE uses the default configuration of PC5. If the relay UE was not started in RRC_CONNECTED, it must perform its own connection setup upon receiving the message for the default L2 configuration of PC5.

[0161] In step S1304, the gNB and the relay UE perform the relay channel setup procedure via Uu. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an RLC channel to relay SRB1 to the remote UE via PC5. This step prepares the relay channel for SRB1.

[0162] In step S1305, a remote UE SRB1 message (e.g., RRCSetupComplete message) is transmitted to the gNB via the relay UE using the SRB1 relay channel through PC5. Then, the remote UE establishes an RRC connection through Uu.

[0163] In steps S1306 and S1307, the remote UE and gNB establish security according to legacy procedures, and security messages are transmitted through the Relay UE.

[0164] In steps S1308 and S1309, the gNB sends RRCReconfiguration to the remote UE via the relay UE to configure the relay SRB2 / DRB. The remote UE sends RRCReconfigurationComplete to the gNB in ​​response via the relay UE.

[0165] In step S1310, the gNB establishes an additional RLC channel between the gNB and the relay UE for traffic relay. Depending on the configuration of the gNB, the relay / remote UE establishes an additional RLC channel between the remote UE and the relay UE for traffic relay.

[0166] In the above scenario, in addition to the connection setup procedure, for the L2 UE-to-Network relay:

[0167] - The RRC reconfiguration and RRC disconnection procedures can reuse legacy RRC procedures along with the message content / configuration design left in the WI stage.

[0168] The RRC connection reset and resumption procedures can reuse existing RRC procedures as a baseline by considering the connection setup procedure of the L2 U2N relay above to handle specific parts of the relay, along with the message content / configuration design. The message content / configuration may be defined later.

[0169] Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-to-everything (U2X)

[0170] FIGS. 14 to 18 are drawings for explaining the U2X system.

[0171] The key points of the proposed U2X solution in a given scenario (TR 23.700-58) are as follows.

[0172] - U2X can support BRID and Direct DAA by utilizing the V2X mechanism defined in TS 23.287. In this case, both LTE PC5 and NR PC5 defined in TS 23.285 are supported, and RAT selection can be performed based on U2XP.

[0173] - Communication Mode: BRID (Broadcasting UAV identification) can use Broadcast communication mode. DAA can use Broadcast communication mode to advertise UAV information. Broadcast via PC5 or Unicast via PC5 can be used between two or more UAVs for DAA collision resolution. Unicast via Uu via U2X AS may not be supported by the aforementioned U2X solution. Groupcast mode for NR-based PC5 may not be supported by the aforementioned U2X solution. If NR PC5 is selected, connectionless groupcast communication may be used by DAA. Meanwhile, application layer managed groupcast may not be considered in this release due to the lack of explicit requirements.

[0174] - U2X can be supported in a U2X Application Server that interfaces with the carrier network via NEF, just as in the case of a V2X Application Server.

[0175] Meanwhile, in the above-mentioned predetermined scenario / solution, a dedicated service set can be defined, and multiple deployment scenarios need to be allowed when the U2X AS and USS providing the UAV are the same or different entities.

[0176] - A U2X policy (U2XP) may be defined to provide configuration parameters to a UE for U2X communication via a PC5 reference point or a Uu reference point. These configuration parameters may be pre-configured in the ME (Mobile Equipment), configured in the UICC (Universal IC Card), pre-configured in the ME and configured in the UICC, provided / updated by the U2X application server via the PCF (Policy Control Function) and / or V1 reference point, or provided / updated to the UE by the PCF. Here, the UE needs to consider the U2X policy according to priority, in the order of those provided / updated by the PCF, those provided / updated by the U2X application server via the V1 reference point, those configured in the UICC, and those pre-configured in the ME. A de-conflicting policy may be a policy indicating the communication mode (unicast or broadcast) for conflict resolution, the communication frequency for conflict resolution, etc.

[0177] - As with V2X, the Tx profile or NR Tx profile can be determined based on the U2XP mapping of the U2X service type.

[0178] - Both UAVs with UICC and UAVs without UICC (i.e., not subscribed to an MNO) can be supported. Here, UAVs without UICC can perform U2X communication only if they are approved as "Not provided by E-UTRA" and "Not provided by NR".

[0179] - U2X communication parameters of the U2X application server or PCF can be transmitted through the UAV-C UE.

[0180] - In addition to existing parameters for V2X, geographic area, altitude restrictions, and validity period timers can be set as wireless parameters for PC5 RATs (e.g., LTE PC5, NR PC5). Such additional information / parameters may be necessary to policy-control PC5 usage based on the specific location of the UAV.

[0181] - The definition of DAA / UAV service types may fall outside the scope of the specified scenarios described above.

[0182] - To use PC5-based communication for BRID and DAA in a UAV equipped with UICC, UUAA certification / authorization must be successfully completed as defined in TS 23.256 and authorization must be obtained via U2XP. However, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration does not require specific authorization for the use of PC5 for BRID or DAA. For UAVs without UICC, the use of PC5-based communication for BRID and DAA can only be authorized by U2XP. Meanwhile, U2X services may be identified as one of ITS-AID (ITS Application Identifier), PSID (Provider Service Identifier), or AID (Application Identifier) ​​according to values ​​specifically defined for aviation applications.

[0183] As with TS 23.287, security for broadcast U2X communication through PC5 reference points can be supported in U2X application layer schemes developed by other SDOs.

[0184] Referring to FIG. 14, a non-roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 can be configured as shown in FIG. 14. Here, the non-roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 may apply the reference point of TS 23.287 and may have the following differences.

[0185] - U2X1: As a reference point between the UE, UAV-C, and the U2X application server, this reference point may be outside the scope of the aforementioned predetermined scenario.

[0186] - U2X5: As a reference point between U2X applications within the UE, this reference point may not be specific / designated in releases of certain scenarios.

[0187] - N1: In addition to the related functions defined in TS 23.501 for N1, in the case of U2X services, it can also be used to transfer U2X policies and parameters (including service acceptance) from AMF to UE, and to transfer PC5 functions for UE's U2X functions and U2X information from UE to AMF.

[0188] - N2: In addition to the related functions defined in TS 23.501 for N2, in the case of U2X services, it can also be used to transmit U2X policies and parameters (including service acknowledgments) from AMF to NG-RAN.

[0189] - The above-described solution can support UAV UEs that utilize Uu connectivity and UAV UEs that do not utilize Uu connectivity (i.e., UAV UEs that can use Uu or UAV UEs that do not use Uu). UAVs that do not utilize Uu capabilities can use U2X for BRID and DAA and can be configured via U2X1 through transmissions outside the scope of 3GPP. Meanwhile, UAV UEs that do not utilize Uu capabilities can be part of the 3GPP ecosystem as they use U2X1 for configuration by the U2X application server and implement the PC5 connectivity specified by 3GPP.

[0190] The roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 can be configured as illustrated in FIGS. 15 and FIG. 16. Specifically, FIG. 15 illustrates the roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 in a local breakout scenario, and FIG. 16 illustrates the roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 in a home routing scenario.

[0191] The 5G system architecture between PLMNs (Public Land Mobile Networks) for U2X communication via PC5 reference points may be as follows.

[0192] - For U2X communication between PLMNs via a PC5 reference point, PC5 parameters need to be set in a consistent manner among UEs within a specific region.

[0193] - The architecture for the Inter-PLMN PC5 may be similar to that defined in the non-roaming 5G system architecture for U2X communication via PC5 described with reference to Fig. 14.

[0194] AF-based service parameter provisioning for U2X communication can be defined as follows.

[0195] - As defined in TS 23.287, a 5G system may provide NEF services to enable communication between the PLMN's NF and the U2X application server. Specifically, a high-level view of AF-based service parameter provisioning for U2X communication can be shown as illustrated in Fig. 17. Service parameters may also be pre-configured in the UAV using methods outside the scope of 3GPP (e.g., when not utilizing Uu functions).

[0196] In a U2X scenario, the following points can be considered.

[0197] - Use / Application of U2X for BRID: Message content for BRID may be defined according to regional regulations for BRID (e.g., message set of ASTM F3411.19 or ASD-STAN prEN 4709-002 P1) and optionally according to the regional mean of compliance documents.

[0198] - U2X Usage / Purpose for DAA: Message content for DAA is defined according to regional regulations regarding DAA and may fall outside the scope of the specified scenarios described above.

[0199] The procedures and mechanisms of TS 23.287 can be applied to U2X scenarios. Specifically, the procedure for broadcasting via PC5 for DAA collision resolution can be performed as shown in FIG. 18. Meanwhile, the procedure for broadcasting via PC5 for DAA collision resolution may be based on the premise that a U2X policy including a DAA collision resolution policy (e.g., unicast or broadcast communication for collision resolution, communication frequency) is provisioned in the UAV.

[0200] Specifically, the procedure for broadcasting via PC5 to resolve DAA collisions according to FIG. 18 can be performed as follows.

[0201] 1. UAV1 can receive a broadcast message from UAV2 that may include an application layer DAA payload (e.g., CAA level UAV ID, UAV2's USS address, speed, direction of travel, location, etc.).

[0202] - Note 1: A USS address (Unmanned aerial system Traffic Management (UTM) Service Supplier address) is not required when collisions between UAVs are resolved locally, but it may be required when USS adjustment of the UAVs involved in the collision is necessary.

[0203] 2. UAV1 can deliver a DAA payload to the upper layer. The application layer can detect a collision by methods such as comparing its own trajectory and position with the broadcast message received from UAV2. When the application layer of UAV1 detects a collision, a collision avoidance / collision resolution procedure with UAV2 can be initiated.

[0204] 3. Optionally, UAV1 may notify its USS (UTM Service Supplier) of the detected collision, including the ID of peer UAV 2.

[0205] 4. UAV1 can select a communication mode (broadcast or unicast) for DAA collision resolution based on inputs received from the application layer and the DAA policy. If the broadcast collision resolution method is selected, the following messages may be exchanged between UAVs.

[0206] 5. UAV1 broadcasts a message (e.g., PC5-S message) (e.g., collision clearing request message), which is part of the U2X function and may include a DAA function indicating whether the UAV can participate in communication for specific parameters (e.g., collision clearing information), a protocol, a DAA collision clearing policy (broadcast-based, collision clearing message frequency), a collision detection warning, the corresponding CAA level UAV ID and the ID of another UAV that has detected a collision, and specific parameters (e.g., trajectory correction information to avoid collision). (UAV1 broadcasts a message (eg PC5-S message), eg deconfliction request message and may include DAA capability, which is part of U2X capability and indicates whether the UAV is able to engage in communication for deconflicting protocol, DAA deconflicting policy (broadcast based, deconflicting message frequency), collision detection alert, its CAA-level UAV IDs and the one(s) from other detected conflicting UAV(s), and deconflicting specific parameters (eg trajectory correction information to avoid collision))

[0207] 6. UAV2 may broadcast a message (e.g., PC5-S message) to provide the agreed-upon DAA collision resolution policy, updated trajectory, and other information (e.g., message collision resolution status response, collision resolution alert, CAA level UAV ID of the participating UAV from the receiving UAV). Subsequent broadcast messages may be exchanged between UAVs according to the agreed-upon message frequency until traffic collision resolution (e.g., mutual location / trajectory monitoring) is reached.

[0208] The impact on services, entities, and interfaces related to the aforementioned U2X may be as shown in Tables 5 and 6 below.

[0209] 1. UE: In addition to the functions defined in TS 23.501, the UE supports the following functions: - Reporting U2X functions (including DAA functions) and PC5-based U2X functions to the 5GC via the N1 reference point. - Indicating UE-based U2X policy provisioning requests via the UE Policy Container. - Receiving U2X parameters from the 5GC via the N1 reference point. - Performing U2X communication procedures via the PC5 reference point. - Configuring parameters for U2X communication. These parameters can be pre-configured in the UE, or, if within coverage, provisioned or updated via signaling through the HPLMN's PCF or the U2X1 reference point of the U2X application server. 2. AMF: In addition to the functions defined in TS 23.501, the AMF performs the following functions: - Obtain U2X-related subscriber information from the UDM and store it as part of the UE context data. - Select a PCF that supports U2X policy / parameter provisioning and report the U2X PC5 capabilities to the selected PCF. - Obtain U2X-related PC5 QoS information from the PCF and store it as part of the UE context data. - Provide the UE's communication permission status to the NG-RAN for U2X communication via the PC5 reference point. - Provide PC5 QoS parameters related to U2X communication to the NG-RAN. 3. PCF: In addition to the functions defined in TS 23.501, it provision parameters required for U2X communication to the UE and AMF, including the functions specified in TS 23.287. 4. UDM: Performs subscriber management functions for U2X communication via the PC5 reference point. 5. U2X Application Server: TS 23.Implements a subset of the V2X AS functions defined in 287: - Includes AF functions and can support the following minimum functions: - For U2X service parameter provisioning, the U2X AS provides U2X communication parameters to 5GC and UAV UEs (via UAVC if necessary) via PC5 and Uu reference points. 6. UDR: Includes U2X service parameter storage functions in addition to the functions defined in TS 23.501. 7. NRF: Discovers PCFs considering U2X functions in addition to the functions defined in TS 23.501. 8. NEF: Performs U2X service parameter support functions for the U2X AS.

[0210] U2X Subscription dataNR U2X Services AuthorizationIndicates whether the UE is authorized to use the NR sidelink for U2X services as UAV UE, UAV-C UE, or Authority UE.LTE sidelink (ie PC5) communication for U2X services.LTE UE-PC5-AMBRAMBR of UE's LTE sidelink (ie PC5) communication for U2X services.

[0211] In addition, recent discussions regarding the aforementioned scenario are as shown in Table 7 below.

[0212] Measurement reporting is based on LTE principles, and similar events H1 (the altitude of an airborne UE rises above a threshold) and H2 (the altitude of an airborne UE falls below a threshold) are introduced. Whether further improvements to NR are necessary is a subject for future research (FFS). Research is needed on the scaling of RRM parameters (e.g., what parameters they are, what the purpose / benefits of scaling are, and how they can be achieved). - Research is needed on methods to limit excessive measurements and measurement reporting (FFS). - Research is needed on whether user consent is required for position reporting in the CONNECTED state (FFS). - Research is needed on the vertical movement of UAV UEs and the accompanying mobility (FFS). - Rel-18 NR supports altitude, position, and velocity reporting for UAV UEs. The required accuracy and reporting mechanisms, as well as whether further improvements are needed, are subjects for future research. - Flight path planning reporting is scheduled to be introduced, similar to LTE, and location lists (3D position information) and timestamps are adopted as the basic content for flight path reporting. Whether timestamps are mandatory or optional in NR is FFS. Whether further improvements are needed is also FFS. - A feature similar to LTE (number of Triggering Cells) has been introduced. Whether number of trigger beams is required in NR is FFS. Research is needed on methods to prevent measurement reports from being transmitted primarily when the reporting entity is reportOnLeave (FFS). - Waypoints are locations planned by the UE along the flight path and are described through the existing parameter type LocationCoordinates defined in TS 37.355. - Timestamps provide the UTC time corresponding to the estimated time of arrival at the waypoint and are used as a baseline. Regarding granularity, FFS. - There are no requirements regarding the spatial distribution of waypoints.- The UE indicates that flight path information is available via the RRCReconfigurationComplete, RRCReestablishmentComplete, RRCResumeComplete, or RRCSetupComplete messages. Flight path reporting is based on the UE information request / response procedure. - The UE indicates to the network that a new flight path is available (regardless of whether it is initial or updated), reusing the general request / response procedure for flight path reporting. - UAI messages may also be used by the UE to indicate that flight path information is available. - The trigger conditions for flight path updates are determined by FFS. The maximum number of waypoints within the flight path plan is left to FFS. - When Event H1 or H2 is triggered, the content of the measurement report is configurable by the network (i.e., it may include the altitude and location information of the UAV UE and / or RSRP / RSRQ measurement results). Whether the altitude of a UAV UE must be reported and the parameters / IEs used for altitude reporting are FFS.- In NR Rel-18 UAVs, the combined use of altitude-dependent conditions and RSRP / RSRQ / SINR-based conditions is supported for measurement reporting triggers. Combinations of existing events are used. Altitude-based parameter scaling is not supported as part of Rel-18 NR.- The Number of triggering cells mechanism is not applied to inter-RAT scenarios, i.e., event B1 and B2 triggering.- The application of the Number of triggering cells mechanism is not limited to FR1 only. That is, the Number of triggering cells mechanism is applicable to both FR1 and FR2 (depending on network configuration).- The UE must not ignore or bypass the Number of triggering cells mechanism if it is configured.- The NumberOfTriggeringBeams mechanism is not introduced.- No alternative mechanism is introduced for the Number of triggering cells mechanism. - No additional mechanism is introduced based on the changed number of cells. - No prohibit timer mechanism is introduced for interference control purposes (e.g., Number of triggering cells). - ReportOnLeave is not triggered by cells that were not previously included in the measurement report for the Number of triggering cells. - Support for altitude-dependent multiple configurations to improve measurement and measurement reporting. The UE applies the corresponding configuration based on altitude. The proposed solution aims to prevent RAN4 impact. How to configure this (e.g., different MO configurations or different parameters, etc.) is FFS. Specific parameters and details are FFS. - Altitude-dependent multiple configurations are supported at the parameter / field level (i.e., different fields / values ​​within the same MO), where different values ​​(or value ranges) of the parameter / field are applied based on altitude or altitude range. - For MO configuration parameters, at least the following items can be configured to have altitude-dependent multiple configurations / values ​​per specific altitude area: SSB-ToMeasure. The specified method is FFS. For UE's L1 and L3 measurement operations, FFS.- For MR configuration parameters, at least the following items can be configured to have multiple altitude-dependent configurations / values ​​per specific altitude range: Event A4 threshold and number of triggering cells. The specified method is FFS (e.g., can be achieved through event combinations).- If multiple altitude-dependent configurations are provided, the UE applies new values ​​when moving to a new altitude (or altitude range) (similar to RRC reconstruction). Codes, field descriptions, etc., apply as in existing specifications.- If altitude-specific values ​​are not explicitly configured for a particular altitude, whether to continue using the previous value or consider the parameter disabled must be reviewed on a case-by-case basis and clarified through code, field descriptions, or procedure text as necessary. See FFS for details.

[0213] Satellite gNB related UAV handover

[0214] Figures 19 to 27 are diagrams illustrating how a UAV performs a handover in relation to a satellite gNB.

[0215] In the following, it is assumed that the UAV UE must always maintain a connected state. While within the ground-gNB coverage area, it may remain connected to the ground-gNB; however, when outside the ground-gNB coverage area (e.g., deserts, oceans, mountainous regions), the UAV must connect to the ground-gNB via a satellite or maintain a connection via a satellite-gNB to keep the connection active.

[0216] Here, being connected to the ground-gNB via a satellite may mean a case where the satellite gNB acts as a relay, enabling an indirect connection between the UAV UE and the ground-gNB. On the other hand, the term satellite-gNB may mean that a gNB (or a device performing the gNB function) is installed on the satellite itself, enabling a direct connection with the UAV UE.

[0217] Previously, satellite-based connections were discussed at 3GPP through NTN WI (work item). The following triggering conditions were added for cases where a ground UE performs an HO from a ground-gNB (A) to another ground-gNB (B) via satellite relay.

[0218] - 이벤트 D1: Distance between UE and a reference locationreferenceLocation1becomes larger than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference1and distance between UE and a reference locationreferenceLocation2becomes shorter than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference2;

[0219] - 이벤트 D2: Distance between UE and a moving reference location based onmovingReferenceLocationand its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast inSIB19for the serving cell becomes larger than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference1and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based onreferenceLocation2becomes shorter than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference2;

[0220] - 조건 이벤트 D1 (CondEvent D1): Distance between UE and a reference locationreferenceLocation1becomes larger than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference1and distance between UE and a reference locationreferenceLocation2of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference2;

[0221] - 조건 이벤트 D2 (CondEvent D2): Distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based onmovingReferenceLocationand its corresponding satellite ephemeris and epoch time broadcast inSIB19for the serving cell becomes larger than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference1and distance between UE and a moving reference location determined based onreferenceLocation2of conditional reconfiguration candidate becomes shorter than configured thresholddistanceThreshFromReference2;

[0222] The reason location-based triggering conditions as described above were added in NTN is that signals received via satellite are transmitted over very long distances, making it difficult for the UE to measure changes in signal strength and trigger measurement reporting at an appropriate time.

[0223] For example, referring to FIG. 19, a UE on the ground may move out of coverage without fully understanding the difference in signal change between receiving a signal at the boundary of satellite_A and receiving a signal at the center of satellite_B. In this case, the continuity of service cannot be maintained using the existing HO triggering method. To address this problem, a measurement event can be triggered when the UE moves a certain distance away from a defined (or configured) reference location A (reference location(A)) or (and / or) moves a certain distance closer to another defined (or configured) reference location B (reference location(B)), thereby ensuring service continuity. This location-based measurement triggering operation can be applied to the existing basic HO procedure or conditional HO procedure.

[0224] As such, when a UE communicates using a satellite, the role of the satellite can be distinguished into the following scenarios 1 and 2.

[0225] - Scenario 1: The satellite can simply receive a message transmitted by a ground gNB and transmit it transparently to a UE on the ground (transparency mode). Alternatively, it can receive a message from a UE on the ground and transmit it transparently to a gNB on the ground.

[0226] - Scenario 2: A method in which a satellite directly performs the functions of a communication gNB. For example, a communication unit capable of performing operations similar to (or the same as) a gNB may be attached to the satellite to receive messages transmitted by a ground gNB, interpret them to generate a message, and transmit the generated message to a UE on the ground (regenerative mode). Alternatively, it may be a method in which a message is received from a UE on the ground, interpreted to generate a message, and transmit the generated message to a gNB on the ground.

[0227] 1. Scenario 1

[0228] (1) Case 1-1

[0229] Referring to FIG. 20, a ground UE connected to gNB(A) can perform an HO procedure to gNB(B) via a transparency satellite (Case 1-1).

[0230] - 1. When a measurement report is triggered, a UE connected to a ground-gNB(A) can measure the signal strength of the current serving cell and neighbor cell and report it to the ground-gNB(A). In this case, the measurement report of the signal strength can be transmitted to the source gNB, the ground-gNB(A), via a satellite (or satellite relay).

[0231] - 2. The ground-gNB (A) can determine the HO and send a message requesting the HO to the target ground-gNB (B).

[0232] - 3. The ground-gNB (A) can receive permission for the HO request or an HO request ACK from the target ground-gNB (B).

[0233] - 4. The ground-gNB(A) can send an RRC message (e.g., RRCReconfiguration message) containing an HO-related command (HO command) to the UE.

[0234] - 5. At this time, the ground-gNB (A) may transmit an SN (Sequence Number) status Transfer message to the target ground-gNB (B). Here, the SN status Transfer message may be a message for transmitting the uplink PDCP SN receiver status and downlink PDCP SN transmitter status for the data radio bearer (DRB).

[0235] - 6. When the UE receives an RRCReconfiguration message, it can perform RACH to the target ground-gNB(B) and send an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target ground-gNB(B) to complete the HO procedure.

[0236] - 7. The UE is connected to the target ground-gNB (B), and 8. The target ground-gNB (B) can send a UE context release message to the source ground-gNB (A).

[0237] (2) Case 1-2

[0238] Referring to FIG. 21, a ground UE connected to gNB(B) via a Transparency satellite can perform an HO procedure from ground to gNB(A) (Case 1-2).

[0239] - 1. When a measurement report is triggered for a UE connected to the ground-gNB(B) via the transparency satellite, the UE can report the measurement value to the ground-gNB(B) via the transparency satellite.

[0240] - 2. (source) The ground-gNB(B) can decide on the HO and transmit a request for the HO to the target ground-gNB(A).

[0241] - 3. (source) Ground-gNB(B) can receive a response to the HO request from the target ground-gNB(A).

[0242] - 4. (Source) The ground-gNB(B) can transmit an RRCReconfiguration message to the UE to command HO via the transparency satellite.

[0243] - 5. At this time, the ground-gNB (B) can transmit the SN status transfer to the target ground-gNB (A).

[0244] - 6. After the UE performs the RACH procedure to the target ground-gNB(A) based on the RRCReconfiguration message, it can complete the HO by sending the RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the target ground-gNB(A).

[0245] - 7. The UE is connected to the target ground-gNB(A), and 8. The target ground-gNB(A) can send a UE context release message to the source ground-gNB(A).

[0246] When a UE performs an HO operation as in Case 1-1 and / or Case 1-2, the process of the UE reporting measurements via the transparency satellite and the (Source) ground-gNB transmitting an RRCReconfiguration message related to the measurement report to the UE (and / or the UE transmitting an RRCReconfigurationComplete to the target ground-gNB) can take significantly longer than a typical HO between a ground-gNB and a UE. In this case, the reported measurement values ​​may become out-of-date, which can be disadvantageous for the UE in selecting an appropriate target-gNB. Therefore, it may be more appropriate to apply a Conditional HO (CHO) method to operations related to an HO from a ground-gNB connected to gNB(A) to gNB(B) via the transparency satellite. This is explained in detail in Cases 1-3 and 1-4 below.

[0247] (3) Case 1-3

[0248] Referring to FIG. 22, a ground UE connected to ground-gNB(A) can perform a CHO procedure to ground-gNB(B) via a transparency satellite (Case 1-3).

[0249] - 1. A ground UE connected to the ground-gNB(A) can report a measurement value when a measurement report is triggered. For example, the ground UE can report the measurement value to the ground-gNB(A) via a transparency satellite (or satellite relay).

[0250] - 2. (source) The ground-gNB(A) can determine the HO based on the above-reported measurements and send an HO request message to the candidate target gNB(s).

[0251] - 3. The candidate target gNB(s) that accepted the above HO request may send a response accepting the HO to the (source) ground-gNB(A).

[0252] - 4. (source) The ground-gNB(A) can transmit configuration related to the CHO to the ground UE. For example, the ground-gNB(A) can provide configuration related to the CHO to the ground UE through an RRCReconfiguration message.

[0253] - 5. When the ground UE receives the configuration related to the CHO, it can send RRCReconfigurationComplete to the ground-gNB(A).

[0254] - 6. A ground-gNB(A) may provide an Early status transfer message to a candidate target gNB(s). Here, the Early status transfer message may include information about the RLC and PDCP layer status of the ground UE.

[0255] - 7. The ground UE can perform RACH on the target ground-gNB(B) through the transparency satellite and complete HO with the target ground-gNB(B) when the HO condition is satisfied based on the CHO condition according to the above CHO setting.

[0256] - 8. The target ground-gNB (B) can provide a message related to the success of the HO with the ground UE to the source ground-gNB (A).

[0257] - 9. Source ground-gNB (A) can provide SN status transfer messages to target ground-gNB (B).

[0258] - 10. The source ground-gNB (A) can send a message related to HO cancellation to the remaining candidate target gNBs, excluding the target ground-gNB (B) among the candidate target gNBs.

[0259] (4) Case 1-4

[0260] Referring to FIG. 23, a ground UE connected to a ground-gNB (B) via a Transparency satellite can perform a CHO to a ground-gNB (A) (Case 1-4).

[0261] - 1. When a measurement report is triggered, the ground UE performs a measurement report to the ground-gNB(B) via the transparency satellite (source).

[0262] - 2. (Source) The ground-gNB can determine the CHO and send an HO request message to the candidate target ground-gNB(s) selected by the measurement results.

[0263] - 3. If the candidate target ground-gNB(s) allows HO, it can send a response to it to the (source) ground-gNB(B).

[0264] - 4. (source) Ground-gNB(B) can perform CHO-related settings on the ground UE. For example, (source) Ground-gNB(B) can provide the ground UE with an RRCReconfiguration message containing CHO settings for CHO trigger conditions, etc.

[0265] - 5. A ground UE that has received the configuration for the CHO can send an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the (source) ground-gNB(B).

[0266] - 6. The ground-gNB(B) can provide an Early status transfer message to candidate target gNB(s).

[0267] - 7. When the ground UE satisfies a specific set HO triggering condition, it can complete the CHO handover procedure by performing RACH to the target gNB(A).

[0268] - 8. The target ground-gNB (A) can provide a message related to the success of the HO with the ground UE to the source ground-gNB (B).

[0269] - 9. The source ground-gNB (B) can provide an SN status transfer message to the target ground-gNB (A).

[0270] - 10. The source ground-gNB(B) can send a message related to HO cancellation to the remaining candidate target gNBs, excluding the target ground-gNB(A) from the candidate target gNB(s).

[0271] The CHO procedure according to the method of Case 1-3 and / or Case 1-4 can receive settings related to HO for several candidate target ground-gNBs in advance and trigger HO based on measurements taken by the ground UE. In this case, compared to the general HO procedure, it has the advantage of being able to determine HO based on currently measured values.

[0272] 2. Scenario 2

[0273] (1) Case 2-1

[0274] Referring to Fig. 24, a ground UE connected to gNB(A) can perform HO to the satellite-gNB(B).

[0275] - 1. (source) A ground UE connected to the ground-gNB(A) can perform measurement reporting to the (source) ground-gNB(A).

[0276] - 2. (source) Ground-gNB(A) can determine the HO based on the measured report value and send an HO request message to (target) satellite-gNB(B).

[0277] - 3. The ground-gNB(A) can receive a response message from the satellite-gNB(B) that it allows HO.

[0278] - 4. The ground-gNB(A) can send an RRCReconfiguration message containing an HO command to the ground UE.

[0279] - 5. The ground-gNB (A) can send an SN status Transfer message to the satellite-gNB (B).

[0280] - 6. After receiving an RRCReconfiguration message containing an HO command, the ground UE can perform an HO to the target satellite-gNB(B) and complete the HO procedure by transmitting an RCReconfigurationComplete message to the ground-gNB(A).

[0281] - 7. The UE is connected to the target satellite-gNB(B), and 8. the target satellite-gNB(B) can send a UE context release message to the source ground-gNB(A).

[0282] (1) Case 2-2

[0283] Referring to Fig. 25, a ground UE connected to the satellite-gNB (B) can perform HO to the ground-gNB (A).

[0284] - 1. A ground UE connected to the satellite-gNB(B) can perform a measurement report to the satellite-gNB(B) when a measurement report is triggered.

[0285] - 2. The satellite-gNB(B) can determine the HO based on the above measurement report, determine the target ground-gNB(A), and send an HO request message to the target ground-gNB(A).

[0286] - 3. The satellite-gNB(B) can receive a response from the target ground-gNB(A) that it allows HO.

[0287] - 4. (source) The satellite-gNB(B) can send an RRCReconfiguration message containing an HO command to the ground UE.

[0288] - 5. (source) The satellite-gNB(B) can send an SN status transfer message to the target ground-gNB(A).

[0289] - 6. After receiving an RRCReconfiguration message containing an HO command, the ground UE can perform an HO to the Target ground-gNB (A) and transmit an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the satellite-gNB (B) to complete the HO procedure.

[0290] - 7. The UE is connected to the Target ground-gNB (A), and 8. The Target ground-gNB (A) can send a UE context release message to the source satellite-gNB (B).

[0291] In Cases 2-1 and 2-2, similar to the HO case in Scenario 1 described above, the time required for a ground UE to transmit a measured value to the satellite-gNB, for the satellite-gNB to request an HO from the ground-gNB and receive admission (and / or for a ground-gNB to request an HO from the satellite-gNB and receive admission) may be significantly longer than in the case of a standard HO. In this case, the measured value from the ground UE may be out-of-date, and determining the HO based on it may be unsuitable for achieving good performance. Therefore, a conditional HO (CHO) may be a more appropriate operation for HOs used in satellite communication. This will be explained in detail below in Cases 2-3 and 2-4.

[0292] (3) Case 2-3

[0293] Referring to Fig. 26, a ground UE connected to the ground-gNB (A) can perform a CHO procedure with the satellite-gNB (B).

[0294] - 1. When a measurement report is triggered, the ground UE can report the measurement value to (source) ground-gNB(A).

[0295] - 2. (source) The ground-gNB(A) can send an HO request message to the candidate satellite-gNB(s) based on the above measurement report.

[0296] - 3. (source) The ground-gNB(A) can receive admission for HO ( / HO Request ACK) from the candidate satellite-gNB(s).

[0297] - 4. The (source) ground-gNB(A) that receives this can send an RRCReconfiguration message to the ground UE for CHO-related configuration for multiple candidate satellite-gNB(s).

[0298] - 5. If the ground UE receives the configuration related to the CHO, it can send RRCReconfigurationComplete to the (source) ground-gNB(A).

[0299] - 6. A ground-gNB(A) may provide an Early status transfer message to a candidate target satellite-gNB(s). Here, the Early status transfer message may include information about the RLC and PDCP layer status of the ground UE.

[0300] - 7. When a conditional HO (CHO) is triggered based on a set value, the UE can perform an HO by selecting one target satellite-gNB from among the candidate target satellite-gNB(s) and performing the RACH procedure.

[0301] - 8. The target satellite-gNB(B) can provide a message related to the success of the HO with the ground UE to the ground-gNB(A).

[0302] - 9. The ground-gNB (A) can provide SN status transfer messages to the target satellite-gNB (B).

[0303] - 10. Ground-gNB(A) can send a message related to HO cancellation to the remaining candidate target satellite-gNBs, excluding the target satellite-gNB(B) from the candidate target satellite-gNB(s).

[0304] (4) Case 2-4

[0305] Referring to Fig. 27, a ground UE connected to the satellite-gNB (B) can perform a CHO procedure with the ground-gNB (A).

[0306] - 1. When a measurement report is triggered, the ground UE performs a measurement report to the satellite-gNB(B).

[0307] - 2. The satellite-gNB(B) can determine the CHO and send an HO request message to the candidate target ground-gNB(s) selected by the measurement results.

[0308] - 3. If the candidate target ground-gNB(s) allows HO, it can transmit a response to the satellite-gNB(B).

[0309] - 4. The satellite-gNB(B) can perform CHO-related settings on the ground UE. For example, the satellite-gNB(B) can provide the ground UE with an RRCReconfiguration message containing CHO settings for CHO trigger conditions, etc.

[0310] - 5. A ground UE that has received the configuration for the CHO can send an RRCReconfigurationComplete message to the satellite-gNB(B).

[0311] - 6. The satellite-gNB(B) can provide an Early status transfer message to candidate target ground-gNB(s).

[0312] - 7. When the ground UE satisfies a specific set HO triggering condition, it performs a RACH procedure to a selected target ground-gNB(A) among the candidate target ground-gNB(s), and can complete a CHO procedure with the target ground-gNB(A) through the RACH procedure.

[0313] - 8. The target ground-gNB (A) can provide a message related to the success of the HO with the ground UE to the satellite-gNB (B).

[0314] - 9. The satellite-gNB(B) can provide SN status transfer messages to the target ground-gNB(A).

[0315] - 10. Satellite-gNB(B) can send a message related to HO cancellation to the remaining candidate target ground-gNBs, excluding the target ground-gNB(A) from the candidate target ground-gNB(s).

[0316] Neighbor cell search method when performing a handover with NTN

[0317] Figures 28 and 29 are drawings for explaining the coverage of NTN.

[0318] NTN (Non-terrestrial Networks) operation typically refers to an operation that performs communication via a satellite. However, NTN operation is not limited to communication via a satellite. For example, NTN operation may also include communication via HAPs (high altitude platforms). In certain scenarios (3GPP), NTN operation is defined as operation via a satellite. For example, in certain scenarios, configuration information related to the NTN or NTN cell may be provided through system information (SIB19). Specifically, SIB19 may be a system information block containing essential satellite assistance information for NTN (Non-Terrestrial Network) access. This information is used by the UE to connect to and maintain a connection with a cell in an NTN environment and may include detailed NTN-related configuration and timing information such as ntn-Config, t-Service, referenceLocation, movingReferenceLocation, distanceThresh, epochTime, ntn-RS-TimingInfo, ssb-TimeOffset, and satellite ephemeris (see TS38.331). The above system information may be information broadcast directly from the NTN cell. The following description assumes that NTN operations are operations via satellite.

[0319] Cell coverage using satellites as an NTN operation can be defined into three types: coverage based on an Earth fixed cell (deployed by GEO satellite) as shown in FIG. 28 (a), coverage based on a Quasi-Earth fixed cell (deployed by LEO satellite) as shown in FIG. 28 (b), and coverage based on an Earth moving cell (deployed by LEO satellite).

[0320] Among the three types mentioned above, in the case of a quasi-Earth fixed cell, the coverage of the cell (or NTN, NTN cell) may change due to satellite movement. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 28 (b), the coverage of the NTN at the first time (t1) may shift / change to the coverage of the NTN at the second time (t2). In this case, from the perspective of the UE, the cell coverage changes suddenly. Therefore, a method may be required to ensure that measurements can be started / triggered at the UE connected to the NTN (and / or the UE camped on the serving cell) before the cell coverage changes. As described above, t-Service has been introduced as a value for starting / triggering such measurements. T-Service may be the time indicating that the serving cell (or serving NTN cell) will no longer operate in the serving area (e.g., the time when the coverage of the serving cell moves from a specific geographic area to another geographic area). T-Service is a value provided only for NTN or NTN cells based on quasi-earth fixed cells, and can be included in SIB19 and broadcast. If a t-Service value exists in SIB19, t-Service indicates that operation as a serving cell in the corresponding area will cease after the time elapsed according to t-Service.

[0321] Meanwhile, the distance between the satellite (or NTN cell) and the UE may be significantly longer than the distance between the existing gNB and the UE. Therefore, the signal received by the UE via the satellite may have a lower signal strength compared to the signal received from the ground gNB. As such, the relatively low signal strength may have characteristics as shown in Fig. 29 (b) in the region corresponding to the edge of the cell coverage.

[0322] For example, as illustrated in FIG. 29 (b), when the UE is located at the edge of the cell coverage of the NTN cell, the signal strength may not differ significantly from the signal strength when the UE is located at the center of the cell coverage of the NTN cell (e.g., the rate of signal strength reduction within the cell coverage is low). Therefore, the method of triggering a measurement report based solely on the signal strength value of the UE, as in conventional TN, may not be sufficient or appropriate for NTN.

[0323] Considering the signal attenuation characteristics of NTN, measurement reporting can be triggered in a location-based manner within NTN. For example, 'referenceLocation' and 'distanceThresh' values ​​can be set for the UE via SIB19, dedicated RRC messages, etc. The UE may perform cell re-selection or trigger measurement reporting based on the 'referenceLocation' and / or 'distanceThresh' values. In this case, the referenceLocation value represents a specific point (geographic location value) within the coverage of the serving cell, and distanceThresh may represent a value for the threshold distance at which location-based measurement begins / is triggered. Specifically, measurement action / measurement reporting may be triggered if the UE is located at a location further away than distanceThresh relative to the referenceLocation value. For example, a measurement report may be triggered if the distance between a specific geographic location based on the referenceLocation value and the UE's own location is greater than or equal to distanceThresh. For example, a measurement report ( / measurement initiation) may be triggered when the degree of signal strength reduction or the absolute signal strength value is less than a defined threshold strength (e.g., in the case of a measurement report for a ground gNB), but in the case of an NTN, a measurement-related action may be triggered when the UE is located farther away than a set distance (e.g., distanceThresh) relative to the referenceLocation.

[0324] In the following, a method is proposed to reduce the time / energy required for cell searching when a UE connected to a TN / NTN cell (or gNB) intends to perform HO to an NTN cell (or gNB).

[0325] First, the problems associated with the existing method may be as follows.

[0326] - The procedure for an HO to occur from an NTN cell (or gNB) to an NTN cell (or gNB) may be as follows. A UE connected to the source TN cell (or gNB) may report the ID and signal strength of a neighboring NTN cell (or gNB) to its serving cell for an HO when a measurement report is triggered. When performing an HO from a TN to an NTN, propagation delay is inevitable due to the height of the NTN cell (or gNB) (the higher the cell is located, the longer the propagation delay). Due to such propagation delay, the UE may experience problems maintaining service continuity. A delay in service may occur (or service continuity may be delayed) until the UE receives an RRC message (e.g., RRCReconfiguration message) commanding an HO from a source TN gNB and transmits an RRC message (e.g., RRCReconfigurationComplete message) to a target NTN gNB, and then receives an RLC ACK confirming the completion of transmission of the RRC message. Alternatively, even when performing an HO from an NTN cell (or gNB) to an NTN cell (or gNB), a difference in propagation delay (or a similar difference in propagation delay) may occur due to the difference in elevation between the currently connected source NTN cell (or gNB) and the target NTN cell (or gNB), and it may be difficult to maintain the UE's service continuity due to such a difference in propagation delay.

[0327] A UE connected to a TN cell (or gNB) may attempt to establish a connection (at initial access) with an NTN cell (or gNB) that has lower propagation delay in terms of service latency or delay, unlike service continuity. Alternatively, a UE connected to a TN cell (or gNB) may prefer an NTN cell (or gNB) that covers a wider area at a higher elevation, even if it has higher propagation delay, in order to receive support for wider wide-area coverage.

[0328] Considering these problems, there may be a need for a method to reduce the time taken for a UE connected via TN / NTN to find neighbor candidate cells related to the NTN during an HO, or to reduce the power consumption involved. For example, unnecessary power and time may be consumed when a UE unnecessarily performs measurements / monitoring on NTN cells located at a height where it is difficult to maintain service continuity during measurements related to HO, and a method to reduce such unnecessary time / power consumption may be needed.

[0329] In the following, we propose a method for a UE connected to a TN / NTN to select / search for an NTN cell (or gNB) by considering the propagation delay of candidate NTN cells (or gNB) when the UE moves to another NTN cell (or gNB) for reasons of service continuity (or when a UE in an RRC IDLE state searches for an NTN cell (or gNB)).

[0330] 1. Method 1

[0331] In Method 1, the NTN cell (or, gNB) can transmit signals (e.g., SSB (synchronization signal Block) and / or CSI-RS) used for signal strength measurement, which are composed of different sets (measurement resources) (SET) depending on the height range.

[0332] Specifically, an NTN cell (or gNB) may transmit different sync signals (e.g., SSB as a reference signal for measurement) depending on the height range. For example, assuming that the total number of (different types) sync signals that an NTN cell (or gNB) can transmit is N, the signals that an NTN cell (or gNB) within the height range of GEO can use as sync signals may be determined as a specific type / group / set. In this case, the number of sync signals that can be used cannot exceed N. Similarly, the signals that an NTN cell (or gNB) within the height range of LEO (or HAPS) can use as sync signals may be determined as a specific type / group / set of sync signals different from the sync signals that an NTN cell (or gNB) within the height range of GEO can use.

[0333] For example, by using different synchronization signals depending on the height / height range of the NTN cell (or, gNB), a UE that wishes to communicate using the NTN cell (or, gNB) may select and report the height of a neighboring NTN cell (or, gNB) that it wishes to select ( / report). Alternatively, the UE may select an NTN cell (depending on the height range) and attempt to establish a connection.

[0334] For example, in a structure in which a UE connected to a source TN / NTN cell (or, gNB) receives measurement settings / measurement settings information, the measurement settings / measurement settings information may include information regarding a set of synchronization signals / measurement signals / reference signals that can be used for measurement reporting. When a measurement report is triggered in the UE according to the measurement settings / measurement settings information, the UE may report the signal strength of at least one synchronization signal / measurement signal / reference signal (hereinafter, synchronization signal) included in the set of synchronization signals / measurement signals / reference signals (hereinafter, synchronization signal) and the ID of the cell (or, gNB) transmitting the at least one synchronization signal (e.g., a list of candidate neighbor cells). At this time, since the set of synchronization signals set by the source TN / NTN cell (or, gNB) is associated with the height / height range of the NTN cell (or, gNB), the gNB may set the set of synchronization signals (or the set of synchronization signals by height / height range) by considering the time (or, time budget) required to ensure the service continuity currently experienced by the UE. Additionally, the gNB may set multiple sets of synchronization signals for the UE. If the height of a candidate target cell (or gNB) capable of guaranteeing the service continuity currently experienced by the UE corresponds to a height / height range where HAPS and LEO exist, the gNB may set together a set of synchronization signals that can be used at the HAPS height and a set of synchronization signals that can be used at the LEO height for the UE.

[0335] For a UE in an RRC IDLE state, a set of synchronization signals may be determined based on the type of UE, the type of UE, and / or the type of service (e.g., the type of service the UE intends to use) during the selection / search of a cell (or a cell selected for camp-on) for connection with a cell or gNB. In this case, the set of synchronization signals may be pre-configured. For instance, a specific UE (e.g., a UE that must use a service with a certain latency / delay budget and limitations) may need to camp on an NTN cell (or gNB) located within a certain height / height range, taking into account the delay caused by propagation.

[0336] FIG. 30 is a diagram illustrating a method for setting a time interval of a measurement resource / reference resource to measure signal quality associated with a cell according to the height range of an NTN cell.

[0337] 2. Method 2

[0338] In Method 2, the NTN cell (or gNB) may have different time intervals / time bands for transmitting the signal for measurement (e.g., SSB, CSI-RS, etc.) used for measuring signal strength depending on the height / height range.

[0339] An NTN cell (or gNB) can transmit a synchronization signal within a specific time interval (or measurement time interval or synchronization signal monitoring period; hereinafter, measurement time interval). At this time, individual time intervals (or sub-time intervals) associated with the height / height range of the NTN cell (or gNB) within the measurement time interval may be determined. For example, referring to FIG. 30, the measurement time interval may be divided into time interval 1, time interval 2, and time interval 3. In this case, a cell (or gNB) located in a low height region / height range can transmit a synchronization signal during the time of time interval 1, a cell (or gNB) located in a medium height region / height range can transmit a synchronization signal during the time of time interval 2, and a cell (or gNB) located in the highest height region / height range can transmit a synchronization signal during the time of time interval 3. Alternatively, conversely, a cell (or gNB) located in the highest height area / height range may transmit a synchronization signal during time interval 1, a cell (or gNB) located in the middle height area / height range may transmit a synchronization signal during time interval 2, and a cell (or gNB) located in the lowest height area / height range may transmit a synchronization signal during time interval 3. Since the longest propagation delay occurs in the connection between the NTN located at a high position and the UE, by configuring the cell (or gNB) located in the highest height area / height range to transmit a synchronization signal during time interval 1, which is the earliest within the measurement time interval, it is possible to provide a time advantage for the UE receiving the synchronization signal to perform a subsequent task / operation (e.g., RACH procedure).

[0340] In this way, for a method in which a time interval (or time band, sub-time interval) capable of transmitting a synchronization signal is set / defined according to height area / height range, the synchronization signal used may have the following values.

[0341] For example, when the gNB sets up measurement settings for a UE, it may also set detailed time intervals within the time interval (or time band, synchronization signal monitoring period) for monitoring the synchronization signal. In this case, the detailed time interval may refer to a time interval set (or determined) to allow the transmission of the synchronization signal according to the height / height range of the NTN cell (or gNB) within the said time interval (e.g., measurement time interval). The detailed time interval may be a value set by the gNB based on values ​​such as the delay budget of the service currently set (or used) for the UE and the required QoS. For example, the gNB may set a detailed time interval (specific to the UE), which is a sub-time interval within the said measurement time interval, to the UE based on the UE's QoS / delay budget. Alternatively, the gNB may set at least one time interval corresponding to the height range satisfying the UE's QoS / delay budget among a plurality of time intervals separated within the said measurement time interval as the detailed time interval (specific to the UE) to the UE. For example, if the service currently provided through the source TN / NTN gNB is a service requiring a short latency budget, the source TN / NTN gNB may want to receive signal strength reports from neighbor NTN cells (or gNBs) located in a lower position / height / height range (or existing in a height range similar to the current source NTN gNB) to support the service continuity of the UE. With this in mind, the measurement setting / measurement reporting setting for the UE may be configured so that the UE measures / reports the measurement signal / synchronization signal only within a detailed time interval set within the time interval for monitoring the measurement signal / synchronization signal for the measurement setting.Alternatively, gNB can set at least one time interval (or detailed time interval) for the UE to perform a measurement among a plurality of time intervals separated within the measurement time interval through the measurement settings.

[0342] Meanwhile, if a detailed time interval is set for the UE within the measurement time interval through the above measurement settings, the number of NTN cells (or gNBs) that the UE can monitor / measure within the detailed time interval may be less than or equal to the number of measurements for reporting (e.g., the minimum number of NTN cells for measurement reporting). In this case, the UE may additionally monitor other time intervals within the above measurement time interval and report measurement information regarding NTN cells (or gNBs) existing at different heights / height ranges. At this time, regarding the additionally monitored NTN cells (or gNBs), the UE may report to the gNB by including additional instruction information in the measurement report to indicate that the NTN cells (or gNBs) are not NTN cells (or gNBs) existing within the detailed time interval set by the gNB.

[0343] The height range / height region (or time interval associated with the height range) of NTN cells (or gNBs) that a UE can preferentially use may vary depending on the UE type, the services the UE wants to be supported, etc. Therefore, in the case of an RRC IDLE UE, whether to attempt preferential access to an NTN cell (or gNB) existing in a specific height region / height range may be determined at the upper layer based on the UE type, supported services, etc.

[0344] This method can help reduce power consumption required for cell search / cell quality measurement, as the UE is required to search only a specific time interval to find NTN cells (or gNBs) existing in the required height / height range / height region.

[0345] In the above-described proposal, the NTN gNB can include both cases where the NTN itself becomes the gNB (e.g., regenerative mode) and ground gNBs connected to the NTN (e.g., the NTN operating in transparent mode).

[0346] In this way, the proposed method can help enable a UE connected to a TN / NTN cell (or gNB) to select an NTN cell (or gNB) that exists within an appropriate height / height range based on the delay budget of the service or the QoS to be supported when performing a measurement report (considering HO) for the NTN cell.

[0347] FIG. 31 is a diagram illustrating how a UE performs a measurement based on measurement setting information.

[0348] As described above, the UE can perform measurements related to the execution of a handover from a TN or NTN cell to an NTN cell or cell discovery. Below, we describe in detail how the UE performs measurements and measurement reporting based on measurement reporting settings configured for measurement reporting in relation to the height / height range where the NTN cell is located.

[0349] Referring to FIG. 31, the UE may receive measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals (S311). The plurality of time intervals may be time intervals that subdivide the measurement time intervals set by the measurement setting information as described above. The measurement setting information may include CSI-RS and / or SSB, etc., capable of measuring the signal quality for at least one NTN cell. Meanwhile, the plurality of reference signals may be defined as a plurality of reference signal resources, or may be defined as a plurality of synchronization signals or a plurality of measurement signals.

[0350] Specifically, the plurality of time intervals may be configured to be distinguished by the location range in which the NTN cell is located within the measurement time interval for measurement. In other words, each of the plurality of time intervals may be associated with a reference signal of an NTN cell located in a different height range. For example, the plurality of time intervals may include a first time interval to an Nth time interval (N is an integer greater than 1), and each of the first to Nth time intervals may be associated with each of the first to Nth height ranges. In this case, each of the plurality of reference signals (or, a plurality of reference signal resources) may be configured for one time interval among the plurality of time intervals that is associated with the height range in which the (NTN) cell transmitting each reference signal is located. For example, the measurement configuration information may configure the reference signals transmitted by the NTN cell(s) located in the first height range for the first time interval, and configure the reference signals transmitted by the NTN cell(s) located in the second height range for the second time interval.

[0351] Alternatively, the measurement setting information may further include information indicating / setting at least one time interval (or the detailed time interval described above) among the plurality of time intervals for the UE to perform a measurement. For example, the base station may determine at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals that can maintain the service continuity of the UE by considering the UE's delay budget and / or QoS, and transmit the measurement setting information, which further includes information indicating / setting for the at least one time interval, to the UE. For example, the base station may determine the height of an NTN cell that can satisfy the UE's delay budget and / or QoS for the UE (e.g., the height of an NTN cell having a propagation delay time such as RTT that satisfies the UE's delay budget and / or QoS), and determine at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals that is set corresponding to a height range less than or equal to the height of the NTN cell. In this case, the UE may perform measurements only on at least one reference signal received in the at least one time interval and report / transmit measurement information to the base station containing only the measurement value(s) measured from the at least one reference signal received in the at least one time interval. Meanwhile, if the number of (NTN / TN) cells monitored in the at least one time interval is less than or equal to a threshold number set for reporting measurement information, the UE may perform measurements for other time intervals as well. In this case, the UE may further include an indicator in the measurement information to indicate that the measurement value measured for another time interval is for a time interval other than the at least one time interval.

[0352] Alternatively, the highest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. In this case, the lowest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the latest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals may include a first time interval that is earlier in time, a second time interval after the first time interval, and a third time interval after the second time interval, and the plurality of height ranges may include a first height range that is highest, a second height range that is lower than the first height range, and a third height range that is lower than the second height range. In this case, as described with reference to FIG. 30, the first time interval may be associated with the first height range, the second time interval may be associated with the second height range, and the third time interval may be associated with the third height range. When associated in this way, the UE may receive / monitor at least one reference signal of the NTN cell(s) located at the highest height range in priority.

[0353] Alternatively, the lowest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. In this case, the highest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the latest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. When associated in this way, the UE can prioritize receiving / monitoring at least one reference signal of the NTN cell(s) located in the lowest height range.

[0354] Alternatively, the UE may directly determine / specify one or more time intervals among the plurality of time intervals to perform measurement / monitoring based on at least one of a delay budget and a Quality of Service (QoS). For example, the measurement setting information may further include height range information regarding the height range associated with each time interval. In this case, the UE may calculate / determine the height / height range of the NTN cell that satisfies its delay budget and / or QoS, and determine / specify one or more time intervals among the plurality of time intervals associated with a height range lower than or equal to the calculated / determined height / height range. In this case, the UE may perform monitoring / measurement only for the one or more time intervals.

[0355] Next, the UE can receive at least one reference signal among a plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information (S313). For example, the UE can receive at least one reference signal in each of the plurality of time intervals. Alternatively, as described above, the UE can receive / monitor at least one reference signal for only at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals.

[0356] Next, the UE may report measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal (S315). For example, the UE may perform measurements on at least one reference signal received / monitored in each of a plurality of time intervals and report measurement information including the measured values ​​for the plurality of time intervals to the base station. Alternatively, the UE may report to the base station by additionally including information regarding which time interval each of the measured values ​​is associated with in the measurement information. Alternatively, the measurement information may further include index information of the reference signal in which each of the measured values ​​was measured (e.g., CSI-RS resource index, resource set index, etc.) and / or neighbor cell list information including cell IDs associated with the measured values.

[0357] Alternatively, the UE may attempt an initial connection procedure to a specific cell (NTN cell) based on the measurement information, or receive an HO command from the base station instructing an HO to a target cell (NTN cell) determined / selected based on the measurement information, and perform an initial connection procedure to the target cell based on the HO command.

[0358] FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating how a base station receives measurement information from a UE.

[0359] Referring to FIG. 32, the base station can transmit measurement setting information to the UE, which includes information on multiple time intervals and multiple reference signals (S321). Here, the measurement setting information may include information on reference signals / synchronization signals for CSI-RS, SSB, etc., which can measure signal quality / cell quality for at least one NTN cell.

[0360] Specifically, the base station may determine multiple height ranges based on the locations where multiple NTN cells (and / or TN cells and NTN cells) are located, and may associate each of the multiple time intervals with each of the multiple height ranges. For example, if the base station determines / sets multiple height ranges divided from a first height range to an N height range based on the locations of multiple NTN cells, the base station may associate each of the multiple height ranges divided from a first height range to an N height range with each of the multiple time intervals divided from a first time interval to an N time interval (e.g., multiple time intervals divided within a measurement time interval). In this case, the base station may set each of the multiple reference signals for a single time interval based on the height range where the (NTN) cell transmitting each reference signal is located. For example, the above measurement setting information may include information for setting reference signals transmitted by NTN cell(s) located in a first height range for a first time interval, and for setting reference signals transmitted by NTN cell(s) located in a second height range for the second time interval. Based on the correlation between such height ranges and time intervals, the base station may map / set multiple reference signals for multiple time intervals, and may transmit the above measurement setting information to the UE for setting multiple reference signals (or multiple reference signal resources) set / mapped for each time interval.

[0361] Alternatively, the base station may associate the highest height range among the plurality of height ranges with the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals in relation to the measurement setting information. Additionally, the base station may associate the lowest height range among the plurality of height ranges with the latest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. For example, the plurality of time intervals may include a first time interval that is earliest in time, a second time interval after the first time interval, and a third time interval after the second time interval, and the plurality of height ranges may include a first height range that is highest, a second height range that is lower than the first height range, and a third height range that is lower than the second height range. In this case, the base station may associate the first time interval with the first height range, the second time interval with the second height range, and the third time interval with the third height range, and based on such association relationships between the height range and the time intervals, may map / set multiple reference signals for multiple time intervals, and transmit measurement setting information to the UE that sets / maps multiple reference signals for each time interval. When associated in this way, the UE may prioritize receiving / monitoring at least one reference signal of the NTN cell(s) located at the highest height range.

[0362] Alternatively, the lowest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. In this case, the highest height range among the plurality of height ranges may be associated with the latest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. When associated in this way, the UE can prioritize receiving / monitoring at least one reference signal of the NTN cell(s) located in the lowest height range.

[0363] Alternatively, the measurement setting information may further include information indicating / setting at least one time interval (e.g., the detailed time interval described above) among the plurality of time intervals for the UE to perform a measurement. For example, a base station may determine at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals that can maintain the service continuity of the UE by considering the UE's delay budget and / or QoS, and transmit the measurement setting information, which further includes indication information for the at least one time interval, to the UE. For example, a base station may determine the height of an NTN cell that can satisfy the UE's delay budget and / or QoS for the UE (e.g., the height of an NTN cell having a propagation delay time such as RTT that satisfies the UE's delay budget and / or QoS), and determine at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals that is set corresponding to a height range less than or equal to the height of the NTN cell. In this case, the base station may receive measurement information from the UE that includes only measurement value(s) measured from at least one reference signal received in at least one time interval. Meanwhile, if the measurement information includes measurement values ​​for a time interval other than the at least one time interval, the base station may recognize that the measurement information includes measurement values ​​for a different time interval or identify what the measurement values ​​for the different time interval are through a separate indicator included in the measurement information.

[0364] Next, the base station may receive measurement information based on at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals (S323). For example, the base station may receive measurement information including measurement values ​​for at least one reference signal received / monitored in each of the plurality of time intervals. Alternatively, the base station may receive measurement information including measurement values ​​for at least one reference signal received / monitored in at least one of the plurality of time intervals. Alternatively, the measurement information may further include information regarding which time interval each of the included measurement values ​​is associated with. Alternatively, the measurement information may further include index information of the reference signal in which each of the measurement values ​​was measured (e.g., CSI-RS resource index, resource set index, etc.) and / or neighbor cell list information including cell IDs associated with the measurement values.

[0365] Subsequently, the base station determines / selects a target cell (e.g., an NTN cell in the neighbor cell list included in the measurement information) for which the UE will perform a handover procedure based on the measurement information, transmits an HO request message to the target cell, receives a message regarding HO approval from the target cell, and transmits an HO command to the UE instructing an HO to the target cell.

[0366] In this way, the proposed method sets reference signals by dividing them into time intervals or resource units according to the height of the NTN cell / cell, thereby minimizing the disruption of UE service continuity caused by propagation delays based on the height of the NTN cell / cell connected to the handover procedure or cell search, and can guarantee the opportunity to select candidate NTN cells / candidate cells considering propagation delays based on the height of the NTN cell / cell.

[0367] In addition, the proposed invention can effectively reduce the time required for cell discovery / cell quality measurement of the UE and effectively reduce power consumption caused by cell discovery / cell quality measurement of the UE by providing the UE with the opportunity to prioritize measurement / monitoring on NTN cells / cells that can maintain the UE's service continuity.

[0368] Example of a communication system to which the invention is applied

[0369] Although not limited thereto, the various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of the invention disclosed in this document may be applied to various fields requiring wireless communication / connection (e.g., 5G) between devices.

[0370] Examples are provided in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the following drawings and descriptions, the same reference numerals may represent the same or corresponding hardware blocks, software blocks, or function blocks unless otherwise described.

[0371] FIG. 33 illustrates a communication system to which the present invention is applied.

[0372] Referring to FIG. 33, the communication system (1) to which the present invention applies includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network. Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communication using wireless access technology (e.g., 5G NR (New RAT), LTE (Long Term Evolution)) and may be referred to as a communication / wireless / 5G device. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may include a robot (100a), a vehicle (100b-1, 100b-2), an XR (eXtended Reality) device (100c), a hand-held device (100d), a home appliance (100e), an IoT (Internet of Thing) device (100f), and an AI device / server (400). For example, the vehicle may include a vehicle equipped with wireless communication functions, an autonomous vehicle, a vehicle capable of performing inter-vehicle communication, etc. Here, the vehicle may include an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). XR devices include AR (Augmented Reality) / VR (Virtual Reality) / MR (Mixed Reality) devices and can be implemented in the form of HMDs (Head-Mounted Devices), HUDs (Head-Up Displays) equipped in vehicles, televisions, smartphones, computers, wearable devices, home appliances, digital signage, vehicles, robots, etc. Portable devices may include smartphones, smartpads, wearable devices (e.g., smartwatches, smart glasses), computers (e.g., laptops, etc.). Home appliances may include TVs, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. IoT devices may include sensors, smart meters, etc. For example, base stations and networks may be implemented as wireless devices, and a specific wireless device (200a) may operate as a base station / network node to other wireless devices.

[0373] Wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to a network (300) through a base station (200). Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology may be applied to the wireless devices (100a to 100f), and the wireless devices (100a to 100f) can be connected to an AI server (400) through the network (300). The network (300) can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices (100a to 100f) may communicate with each other through the base station (200) / network (300), but they may also communicate directly (e.g., sidelink communication) without going through the base station / network. For example, vehicles (100b-1, 100b-2) can communicate directly (e.g., V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) / V2X (Vehicle to everything) communication). Also, IoT devices (e.g., sensors) can communicate directly with other IoT devices (e.g., sensors) or other wireless devices (100a to 100f).

[0374] Wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can be established between wireless devices (100a~100f) / base station (200) and base station (200) / base station (200). Here, wireless communication / connection can be achieved through various wireless access technologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink / downlink communication (150a), sidelink communication (150b) (or D2D communication), and inter-base station communication (150c) (e.g., relay, IAB (Integrated Access Backhaul)). Through wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c), wireless devices and base stations / wireless devices, and base stations and base stations can transmit / receive wireless signals to / from each other. For example, wireless communication / connection (150a, 150b, 150c) can transmit / receive signals through various physical channels. To this end, based on various proposals of the present invention, at least some of the following may be performed: various configuration information setting processes for transmitting / receiving wireless signals, various signal processing processes (e.g., channel encoding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), resource allocation processes, etc.

[0375] Example of a wireless device to which the present invention is applied

[0376] FIG. 34 illustrates a wireless device that can be applied to the present invention.

[0377] Referring to FIG. 34, the first wireless device (100) and the second wireless device (200) can transmit and receive wireless signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, NR). Here, {the first wireless device (100), the second wireless device (200)} may correspond to {wireless device (100x), base station (200)} and / or {wireless device (100x), wireless device (100x)} of FIG. 33.

[0378] The first wireless device (100) includes one or more processors (102) and one or more memories (104), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (106) and / or one or more antennas (108). The processor (102) controls the memory (104) and / or transceivers (106) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (102) may process information within the memory (104) to generate a first information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the first information / signal through the transceiver (106). Additionally, the processor (102) may receive a wireless signal containing a second information / signal through the transceiver (106) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in the memory (104). The memory (104) may be connected to the processor (102) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (102). For example, the memory (104) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (102) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (102) and the memory (104) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chipset designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (106) may be connected to the processor (102) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (108). The transceiver (106) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (106) may be combined with an RF (Radio Frequency) unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chipset.

[0379] Specifically, the first wireless device or UE (100) may include a processor (102) connected to a transceiver (106) and a memory (104). The memory (104) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 19 through 31. The operations include receiving measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receiving at least one of the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, and reporting measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0380] Alternatively, a processing device may be configured including a processor (102) and a memory (104) for controlling a first base station. In this case, the processing device may include at least one processor; and at least one memory connected to the at least one processor and storing instructions that perform operations when executed by the at least one processor. The operations include receiving measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, and reporting measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located. Alternatively, at least one non-transient computer-readable medium may be configured to store programs / instructions for performing the above-described operations.

[0381] The second wireless device (200) includes one or more processors (202) and one or more memories (204), and may additionally include one or more transceivers (206) and / or one or more antennas (208). The processor (202) controls the memory (204) and / or transceivers (206) and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document. For example, the processor (202) may process information within the memory (204) to generate a third information / signal and then transmit a wireless signal containing the third information / signal through the transceiver (206). Additionally, the processor (202) may receive a wireless signal containing a fourth information / signal through the transceiver (206) and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the fourth information / signal in the memory (204). The memory (204) may be connected to the processor (202) and may store various information related to the operation of the processor (202). For example, the memory (204) may store software code containing instructions for performing some or all of the processes controlled by the processor (202) or for performing the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequence diagrams disclosed in this document. Here, the processor (202) and the memory (204) may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology (e.g., LTE, NR). The transceiver (206) may be connected to the processor (202) and may transmit and / or receive wireless signals through one or more antennas (208). The transceiver (206) may include a transmitter and / or receiver. The transceiver (206) may be interchangeable with an RF unit. In the present invention, the wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0382] Specifically, the second wireless device or base station (200) may include a processor (202) and a memory (204) connected to a transceiver or RF transceiver (206). The memory (204) may include at least one program capable of performing operations related to the embodiments described in FIGS. 19 to 31. It includes transmitting measurement setting information, which includes information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, to a UE (User Equipment), and receiving measurement information measured based on the measurement setting information from the UE, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals may be set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on a height range in which a cell associated with each reference signal is located.

[0383] Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless device (100, 200) will be described in more detail. Although not limited thereto, one or more protocol layers may be implemented by one or more processors (102, 202). For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may implement one or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, SDAP). One or more processors (102, 202) may generate one or more Protocol Data Units (PDUs) and / or Service Data Units (SDUs) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document. One or more processors (102, 202) may generate a signal (e.g., baseband signal) containing a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document and provide it to one or more transceivers (106, 206). One or more processors (102, 202) may receive a signal (e.g., baseband signal) from one or more transceivers (106, 206) and may obtain a PDU, SDU, message, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0384] One or more processors (102, 202) may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. One or more processors (102, 202) may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, one or more Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), one or more Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), one or more Digital Signal Processing Devices (DSPDs), one or more Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), or one or more Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) may be included in one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, procedures, functions, etc. Firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be contained in one or more processors (102, 202) or stored in one or more memories (104, 204) and driven by one or more processors (102, 202). The descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation sequences disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or sets of instructions.

[0385] One or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and / or commands. One or more memories (104, 204) may be composed of ROM, RAM, EPROM, flash memory, hard drive, registers, cache memory, computer read storage media, and / or combinations thereof. One or more memories (104, 204) may be located inside and / or outside of one or more processors (102, 202). Additionally, one or more memories (104, 204) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) through various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0386] One or more transceivers (106, 206) may transmit user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., of this document to one or more other devices. One or more transceivers (106, 206) may receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as mentioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods and / or operation flowcharts, etc., disclosed in this document from one or more other devices. For example, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more processors (102, 202) and may transmit and receive wireless signals. For example, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to transmit user data, control information, or wireless signals to one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more processors (102, 202) may control one or more transceivers (106, 206) to receive user data, control information, or wireless signals from one or more other devices. Additionally, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be connected to one or more antennas (108, 208), and one or more transceivers (106, 206) may be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc., as described in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or flowcharts of operation disclosed in this document through one or more antennas (108, 208). In this document, one or more antennas may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert the received wireless signal / channel, etc. from an RF band signal to a baseband signal in order to process the received user data, control information, wireless signal / channel, etc. using one or more processors (102, 202).One or more transceivers (106, 206) can convert user data, control information, wireless signals / channels, etc. processed using one or more processors (102, 202) from baseband signals to RF band signals. To this end, one or more transceivers (106, 206) may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0387] Examples of wireless device applications to which the present invention is applied

[0388] FIG. 35 illustrates another example of a wireless device to which the present invention applies. The wireless device may be implemented in various forms depending on the use-example / service (see FIG. 33).

[0389] Referring to FIG. 35, the wireless device (100, 200) corresponds to the wireless device (100, 200) of FIG. 34 and may be composed of various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules. For example, the wireless device (100, 200) may include a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a memory unit (130), and additional elements (140). The communication unit may include a communication circuit (112) and transceiver(s) (114). For example, the communication circuit (112) may include one or more processors (102, 202) and / or one or more memories (104, 204) of FIG. 35. For example, the transceiver(s) (114) may include one or more transceivers (106, 206) and / or one or more antennas (108, 208) of FIG. 34. The control unit (120) is electrically connected to the communication unit (110), the memory unit (130), and additional elements (140) and controls the general operation of the wireless device. For example, the control unit (120) may control the electrical / mechanical operation of the wireless device based on a program / code / command / information stored in the memory unit (130). Additionally, the control unit (120) may transmit information stored in the memory unit (130) to an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110), or store information received from an external (e.g., another communication device) via a wireless / wired interface through the communication unit (110) in the memory unit (130).

[0390] The additional element (140) can be configured in various ways depending on the type of wireless device. For example, the additional element (140) may include at least one of a power unit / battery, an input / output unit (I / O unit), a driving unit, and a computing unit. Although not limited thereto, the wireless device may be implemented in the form of a robot (Fig. 33, 100a), a vehicle (Fig. 33, 100b-1, 100b-2), an XR device (Fig. 33, 100c), a portable device (Fig. 33, 100d), a home appliance (Fig. 33, 100e), an IoT device (Fig. 33, 100f), a digital broadcasting terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a security device, a climate / environment device, an AI server / device (Fig. 33, 400), a base station (Fig. 33, 200), a network node, etc. Wireless devices can be used in a movable or fixed location depending on the use—e.g., service.

[0391] In FIG. 35, various elements, components, units / parts, and / or modules within the wireless device (100, 200) may be entirely interconnected via a wired interface, or at least partially connected via a communication unit (110). For example, within the wireless device (100, 200), the control unit (120) and the communication unit (110) may be connected via a wire, and the control unit (120) and the first unit (e.g., 130, 140) may be connected wirelessly via the communication unit (110). Additionally, each element, component, unit / part, and / or module within the wireless device (100, 200) may include one or more additional elements. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of one or more sets of processors. For example, the control unit (120) may be composed of a set of a communication control processor, an application processor, an Electronic Control Unit (ECU), a graphics processing processor, a memory control processor, etc. As another example, the memory unit (130) may be composed of RAM (Random Access Memory), DRAM (Dynamic RAM), ROM (Read Only Memory), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory and / or a combination thereof.

[0392] Examples of vehicles or autonomous vehicles to which the present invention is applied

[0393] FIG. 36 illustrates a vehicle or autonomous vehicle to which the present invention applies. The vehicle or autonomous vehicle may be implemented as a mobile robot, a vehicle, a train, an aerial vehicle (AV), a ship, etc.

[0394] Referring to FIG. 36, a vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) may include an antenna unit (108), a communication unit (110), a control unit (120), a driving unit (140a), a power supply unit (140b), a sensor unit (140c), and an autonomous driving unit (140d). The antenna unit (108) may be configured as part of the communication unit (110). Blocks 110 / 130 / 140a to 140d correspond to blocks 110 / 130 / 140 of FIG. 35, respectively.

[0395] The communication unit (110) can transmit and receive signals (e.g., data, control signals, etc.) with external devices such as other vehicles, base stations (e.g., base stations, roadside base stations (Roadside units), etc.), and servers. The control unit (120) can perform various operations by controlling elements of the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100). The control unit (120) may include an Electronic Control Unit (ECU). The driving unit (140a) can drive the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) on the ground. The driving unit (140a) may include an engine, motor, power train, wheels, brakes, steering device, etc. The power supply unit (140b) supplies power to the vehicle or autonomous vehicle (100) and may include wired / wireless charging circuits, batteries, etc. The sensor unit (140c) can obtain vehicle status, surrounding environment information, user information, etc. The sensor unit (140c) may include an IMU (inertial measurement unit) sensor, a collision sensor, a wheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight detection sensor, a heading sensor, a position module, a vehicle forward / reverse sensor, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steering sensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, etc. The autonomous driving unit (140d) may implement technologies such as maintaining the driving lane, technologies for automatically adjusting speed such as adaptive cruise control, technologies for automatically driving along a predetermined path, and technologies for automatically setting a path and driving when a destination is set.

[0396] For example, the communication unit (110) can receive map data, traffic information data, etc. from an external server. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can generate an autonomous driving path and a driving plan based on the acquired data. The control unit (120) can control the drive unit (140a) so that the vehicle or the autonomous vehicle (100) moves along the autonomous driving path according to the driving plan (e.g., speed / direction control). During autonomous driving, the communication unit (110) can acquire the latest traffic information data from an external server non-periodically and can acquire surrounding traffic information data from surrounding vehicles. Additionally, during autonomous driving, the sensor unit (140c) can acquire vehicle status and surrounding environment information. The autonomous driving unit (140d) can update the autonomous driving path and the driving plan based on the newly acquired data / information. The communication unit (110) can transmit information regarding the vehicle location, autonomous driving path, driving plan, etc. to an external server. An external server can predict traffic information data in advance using AI technology, etc., based on information collected from vehicles or autonomous vehicles, and can provide the predicted traffic information data to vehicles or autonomous vehicles.

[0397] Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include LTE, NR, and 6G, as well as Narrowband Internet of Things for low-power communication. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of LPWAN (Low Power Wide Area Network) technology and may be implemented according to standards such as LTE Cat NB1 and / or LTE Cat NB2, but is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally, or generally, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may perform communication based on LTE-M technology. For example, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and may be referred to by various names such as eMTC (enhanced Machine Type Communication). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and / or 7) LTE M, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. Additionally or generally, wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless device (XXX, YYY) of this specification may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) with consideration for low-power communication, and is not limited to the names mentioned above. As an example, ZigBee technology can create personal area networks (PANs) related to small / low-power digital communication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and may be referred to by various names.

[0398] The embodiments described above are combinations of the components and features of the present invention in a specific form. Each component or feature should be considered optional unless otherwise explicitly stated. Each component or feature may be implemented in a form not combined with other components or features. Additionally, it is possible to construct embodiments of the present invention by combining some components and / or features. The order of operations described in the embodiments of the present invention may be changed. Some components or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced with corresponding components or features of another embodiment. It is obvious that embodiments may be constructed by combining claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in the claims, or that new claims may be included by amendment after filing.

[0399] In this document, embodiments of the present invention are described primarily with a focus on the signal transmission and reception relationship between a terminal and a base station. This transmission and reception relationship is extended in the same or similar manner to signal transmission and reception between a terminal and a relay or between a base station and a relay. Specific operations described in this document as being performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by an upper node. That is, it is self-evident that various operations performed for communication with a terminal in a network consisting of multiple network nodes including a base station may be performed by the base station or other network nodes other than the base station. The base station may be replaced by terms such as fixed station, Node B, eNode B (eNB), and access point. Additionally, the terminal may be replaced by terms such as User Equipment (UE), Mobile Station (MS), and Mobile Subscriber Station (MSS).

[0400] Embodiments according to the present invention may be implemented by various means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, one embodiment of the present invention may be implemented by one or more ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), DSPs (digital signal processors), DSPDs (digital signal processing devices), PLDs (programmable logic devices), FPGAs (field programmable gate arrays), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, etc.

[0401] In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment of the present invention may be implemented in the form of a module, procedure, function, etc., that performs the functions or operations described above. Software code may be stored in a memory unit and executed by a processor. The memory unit may be located inside or outside the processor and may exchange data with the processor by various means already known.

[0402] It is obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the features of the invention. Accordingly, the foregoing detailed description should not be interpreted restrictively in all respects but should be considered exemplary. The scope of the invention shall be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of the invention are included within the scope of the invention.

[0403] The embodiments of the present invention as described above can be applied to various mobile communication systems.

Claims

In a method using UE (User Equipment), A step of receiving measurement setting information including information on multiple time intervals and multiple reference signals; A step of receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the above measurement setting information; and The method includes the step of reporting measurement information measured based on at least one reference signal, and A method in which each of the plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located. In paragraph 1, A method in which, based on the above measurement setting information further including information for setting at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals, the UE reports the measurement information measured only for the at least one reference signal received in the at least one time interval. In paragraph 2, A method in which at least one time interval is set based on at least one of the delay budget and QoS (Quality of Service) of the UE. In paragraph 1, A method in which a reference signal associated with a cell located in the highest height range among the plurality of reference signals is set for the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. In paragraph 1, A method in which a reference signal associated with a cell located in the lowest height range among the plurality of reference signals is set for the earliest time interval among the plurality of time intervals. In paragraph 1, A method in which the plurality of reference signals are for at least one of an SSB (Synchronization Signal Block) and a CSI-RS (Channel State Information Reference Signal). In paragraph 1, The above plurality of reference signals are associated with at least one NTN (Non-terrestrial Network) cell, method. In paragraph 1, A method in which the above UE determines a time interval for receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of time intervals based on at least one of a delay budget and a Quality of Service (QoS). In paragraph 1, A method in which the above measurement information further includes list information for at least one neighboring cell. In at least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, Includes instructions that perform operations when executed by at least one processor, The above operations are, Receiving measurement setting information including information on multiple time intervals and multiple reference signals; Receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the above measurement setting information; and It includes reporting measurement information measured based on at least one reference signal, and At least one non-transient computer-readable recording medium, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located. In UE (User Equipment), RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above RF transceiver, and The processor controls the RF transceiver to receive measurement setting information including information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, receives at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the measurement setting information, and reports measurement information measured based on the at least one reference signal. Each of the above plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located, in a UE. In Paragraph 11, The above measurement setting information further includes information for setting at least one time interval among the plurality of time intervals, UE. In a processing device that controls a UE (User Equipment), At least one processor; and It includes at least one memory that stores instructions connected to the above at least one processor and performing operations when executed by the at least one processor, The above operations are, Receiving measurement setting information including information on multiple time intervals and multiple reference signals; Receiving at least one reference signal among the plurality of reference signals based on the above measurement setting information; and It includes reporting measurement information measured based on at least one reference signal, and A processing device in which each of the above plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located. In a method using a base station, A step of transmitting measurement setting information including information on multiple time intervals and multiple reference signals to a UE (User Equipment); and The method includes the step of receiving measurement information measured based on the measurement setting information from the above UE, A method in which each of the plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located. In the case of a base station, RF (Radio Frequency) transceiver; and It includes a processor connected to the above RF transceiver, and The processor controls the RF transceiver to transmit measurement setting information, which includes information on a plurality of time intervals and a plurality of reference signals, to a UE (User Equipment), and receives measurement information measured based on the measurement setting information from the UE. A base station, wherein each of the plurality of reference signals is set for one of the plurality of time intervals based on the height range in which the cell associated with each reference signal is located.

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