Systems and methods to support computation offloading between two devices in a mobile network
Computation offloading in XR devices using a 6G network architecture addresses processing and battery limitations by transferring tasks to other devices, enhancing device affordability and wearability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-23
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-02
AI Technical Summary
XR devices face challenges in handling high computational demands due to limited processing and battery capacity, leading to increased costs and wearability issues.
Computation offloading methods are implemented to transfer computational tasks from XR devices to other devices or network functions, utilizing a 6G network architecture with enhanced functionalities to manage and secure data sessions.
This approach reduces the computational and power requirements on XR devices, making them more affordable and wearable for extended periods by leveraging network resources.
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Figure CN2024141530_02042026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
SYSTEMS AND METHODS TO SUPPORT COMPUTATION OFFLOADING BETWEEN TWO DEVICES IN A MOBILE NETWORKCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority from U. S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 698, 712, filed on 25 September 2024, the contents of which incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety.TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The present invention pertains to the field of computation offloading between computing devices and in particular to a method and apparatus for computation offloading between devices in a network.BACKGROUND
[0003] Digital world (DW) services such as metaverse, augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) which may be collectively called eXtended Reality (XR) service, have been developed for a number of applications in gaming, entertainment, healthcare, industrial automation, remote vehicle driving, to name a few. The users may use specific devices (e.g., XR devices such as head-mounted devices) , to access an application server (e.g., an XR application server) . These devices may have a high-resolution video display to display the XR video and multiple sensors to capture the surrounding environment (e.g., video and audio, and user movement) . In some instances, the applications may require significant data processing, such as video capturing and video rendering, at the XR devices. As the applications require more data processing (computations) , the devices can become incapable of keeping up with the computations required by the applications.
[0004] Therefore, there is a need for methods and systems for data processing by specific devices (e.g., XR devices) that obviate or mitigate one or more limitations of the prior art.
[0005] This background information is provided to reveal information believed by the applicant to be of possible relevance to the present invention. No admission is necessarily intended, nor should be construed, that any of the preceding information constitutes prior art against the present invention.SUMMARY
[0006] An object of the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a system and methods for offloading computations between devices in a mobile network.
[0007] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method that comprises, at a first user equipment (FUE) : receiving, from a second user equipment (SUE) running an application and having a data session that connects the SUE with a data service associated with the application, the data session being supported by a network: a first request. The first request is for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE. The computation operations are associated with the application running on the SUE. The data session that connects the SUE with the data service is a first data session. The first request includes information on the application running on the SUE and information on the first data session. The method further comprises providing, to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE is granted.
[0008] The request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE may be a first request, and the method may further comprise, at the FUE: in accordance with the first request, providing, to the network, a second request. The second request may be for establishing a data session to provide a data connection between the FUE and the data service. The data session to provide the data connection between the FUE and the data service may be a second data session. The second request may include: a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session.
[0009] The information on the application running on the SUE may include an identifier (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, and the information on the first data session may include an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.
[0010] The data service may be hosted at a network device coupled to the network, and the ID of the data service may include an IP address of the network device.
[0011] The data service may be provided by a network function, and the ID of the data service may include an ID of the network function.
[0012] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method that comprises, at a connection management function (CMF) of a core network, the core network supporting a data session that connects a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data service being associated with an application running on the FUE, the data session that connects the FUE and the data service being a first data session: receiving, from a second user equipment (SUE) , a first request. The first request is for establishing a data session to connect the SUE with the data service. The data session to connect the SUE with the data service is a second data session. The first request includes: a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type. The computation offloading type indicates that the request includes having the SUE perform computations associated with the application, information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session. The method further comprises providing, to a session management function (SMF) , the first request; and providing, to an access network coupled to the core network and to the FUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.
[0013] The method may further comprise, at the CMF: providing, to the FUE, a second request, the second request being for verification that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; and obtaining, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.
[0014] The CMF may be a first CMF and the method may further comprise identifying a second CMF, and the providing, to the FUE, the second request may include providing the second request to the second CMF for the second CMF to provide the second request to the FUE. The obtaining, from the FUE, the confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE may include the second CMF obtaining the confirmation and providing the confirmation to the first CMF.
[0015] The information on the application running on the SUE may include an identification (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, and the information on the first data session may include an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.
[0016] The data service may be hosted on a network device coupled to the core network, and the ID of the data service may include an IP address of the network device.
[0017] The data service may be provided by a network function, and the ID of the data service may include an ID of the network function.
[0018] The method may further comprise, at the CMF, selecting a session management function (SMF) to establish and manage the second data session, to obtain a selected SMF; and sending, to the SMF, a request to establish the second data session.
[0019] The CMF selecting the SMF to establish the second data session may include the CMF selecting the SMF in accordance with at least one of: the ID of the first data session and the ID of the FUE; and an ID of the FUE.
[0020] The selected SMF may also manage the first data session.
[0021] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method that comprises, at a session management function (SMF) of a network, the network supporting a data session between a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data session between the FUE and the data service being a first data session, obtaining, from a second user equipment (SUE) a request to establish a data session between the SUE and the data service. The data session between the SUE and the data service is a second data session. The request includes: a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations on behalf of the FUE. The request also includes information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session. The method also comprises providing, to a connection management function (CMF) of the network, the CMF being coupled to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.
[0022] The confirmation message may include a CMF data container containing at least one of: an identification (ID) of the first data session; an ID of the second data session; an indication to associate the first data session of the FUE to the second data session of the SUE; and an indication that the request to establish the second data session is accepted. The request may also include an access network (AN) data container containing at least one of: the ID of the second data session; and AN quality-of-service (QoS) parameters for the second data session. The request may also include a UE data container containing at least one of: the ID of the second data session; the indication that the request to establish the second data session is accepted; and UE QoS parameters.
[0023] The method may further comprise, at the SMF: providing, to the FUE, a request to verify that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; and obtaining, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.
[0024] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a method of establishing a new data session between a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data service being supported by a network. The method comprises, at a session management function (SMF) instantiated in the network: providing, to a data management function (DMF) instantiated in the network, a request for subscription data of the FUE. The request for the subscription data of the FUE comprises: an identifier (ID) of the FUE; an ID of a second user equipment (SUE) , the SUE having an existing data session with the data service, the existing data session being a first data session, the new data session being a second data session; and an indication that the second data session is for offloading computations from the SUE to the FUE. The method further comprises receiving, from the DMF, the subscription data of the FUE.
[0025] The method may further comprise, at the SMF: instructing a data plane gateway (DPGW) instantiated in the network to, when the DPGW receives packets from the FUE and when the packets received from the FUE have a source address indicative of the FUE: modify the source address of the packets received from the FUE to be indicative of the SUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service.
[0026] The method may further comprise, at the SMF: instructing a data plane gateway (DPGW) instantiated in the network to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the SUE: replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the FUE.
[0027] The method may further comprise, at the DPGW: obtaining, from the SMF a request to establish the new data session.
[0028] The obtaining, from the SMF, the request to establish the new data session may be preceded by the FUE notifying the SUE that the new data session is ready to be activated.
[0029] The method may further comprise, at the DPGW: obtaining, from the SMF, a request to deactivate a data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; deactivating the data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; and notifying the SMF that the data plane connection between the SUE the data service has been deactivated.
[0030] The method may further comprise, at the DPGW, subsequent an occurrence of a termination event, receiving, from the SMF, a request to release the second data session; receiving, from the SMF, instructions to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the FUE: modify the source address of the packets received from the SUE to be indicative of the FUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service; and replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the SUE.
[0031] The termination event may include at least one of: an application session of the SUE is terminated; the SUE no longer requires computation off-loading; and the FUE can no longer perform computations off-loaded by the SUE.
[0032] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a first user equipment (UE) that comprises: a receiver; a transmitter; a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter; and a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the FUE to: receive, at the receiver, from a second user equipment (SUE) running an application having a data session that connects the SUE with a data service associated with the application, the data session being supported by a network: a first request. The first request is for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE, the computation operations being associated with the application running on the SUE, the data session that connects the SUE with the data service being a first data session. The first request includes information on the application running on the SUE and information on the first data session. The instructions to be carried out by the processor are also to cause the FUE to: provide, using the transmitter, to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE is granted.
[0033] The instructions to be carried out by the processor may also be to cause the FUE to: in accordance with the first request, provide, to the network, a second request, the second request being for establishing a data session to provide a data connection between the FUE and the data service, the data session that provides the data connection between the FUE and the data service being a second data session. The second request may include: a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session.
[0034] The information on the application running on the SUE may include an identifier (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, and the information on the first data session includes an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.
[0035] The data service may be hosted on a network device coupled to the network, and the ID of the data service may include an IP address of the network device.
[0036] The data service may be provided by a network function, and the ID of the data service may include an ID of the network function.
[0037] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a system that comprises: first user equipment (FUE) ; a second user equipment (SUE) ; and a core network. The core network has a connection management function (CMF) and a session management function (SMF) . The core network supports a data session that connects the FUE and a data service. The data service is associated with an application running on the FUE. The data session that connects the FUE and the data service is a first data session. The CMF is configured to: receive, from the SUE, a first request, the first request being for establishing a data session to connect the SUE with the data service, the data session to connect the SUE with the data service being a second data session. The first request includes a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations associated with the application. The first request also includes information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session. The CMF is also configured to provide, to the session management function (SMF) , the first request; and provide, to an access network coupled to the core network and to the FUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.
[0038] The CMF may be configured to: provide, to the FUE, a second request, the second request being for verification that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; and obtain, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.
[0039] The CMF may be a first CMF and the core network may further comprise a second CMF. The first CMF may be configured to provide the second request to the second CMF for the second CMF to provide the second request to the FUE. The first CMF may be configured to obtain, from the FUE, the confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE including the second CMF being configured to obtain the confirmation and to provide the confirmation to the first CMF.
[0040] The information on the application running on the SUE may include an identification (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, and the information on the first data session may include an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.
[0041] The system may further comprise a network device coupled to the core network, and the data service may be hosted on the network device, and the ID of the data service may include an IP address of the network device.
[0042] The data service may be provided by a network function of the core network, and the ID of the data service may include an ID of the network function.
[0043] The SMF may be a first SMF and the CMF may be configured to: select a second SMF to establish and manage the second data session, to obtain a selected SMF; and send, to the second SMF, a request to establish the second data session.
[0044] The CMF may be configured to: select the second SMF in accordance with at least one of: the ID of the first data session and the ID of the FUE; and an ID of the FUE.
[0045] The second SMF may be the same as the first SMF.
[0046] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a system that comprises a first user equipment (FUE) ; a second user equipment (SUE) ; and a core network. The core network has a session management function (SMF) and a connection management function (CMF) . The core network supports a data session that connects the FUE with a data service. The data session that connects the FUE with the data service is a first data session. The SMF is configured to: obtain, from the SUE a request to establish a data session to provide a data connection between the SUE and the data service, the data session to provide the data connection between the SUE and the data service being a second data session. The request includes a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations on behalf of the FUE. The request also includes information of the application running on the SUE, and information of the first data session. The SMF is also configured to provide, to the CMF, the CMF being coupled to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.
[0047] The SMF may be configured to: provide, to the FUE, a request to verify that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; and obtain, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.
[0048] Aspects of the present disclosure provide a system that comprises a first user equipment (FUE) ; a second user equipment (SUE) ; and a core network. The core network has a session management function (SMF) and a data management function (DMF) . The core network supports a data service. The SMF is configured to: provide, to the DMF, a request for subscription data of the FUE. The request for the subscription data of the FUE comprises: an identifier (ID) of the FUE; an ID of a second user equipment (SUE) , the SUE having an existing data session with the data service, the existing data session being a first data session, the new data session being a second data session; and an indication that the second data session is for offloading computations from the SUE to the FUE. The SMF is also configured to receive, from the DMF, the subscription data of the FUE.
[0049] The core network may have a data plane gateway (DPGW) and the SMF may be configured to: instruct the DPGW to, when the DPGW receives packets from the FUE and when the packets received from the FUE have a source address indicative of the FUE: modify the source address of the packets received from the FUE to be indicative of the SUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service.
[0050] The core network may have a data plane gateway (DPGW) and the SMF may be configured to: instruct the DPGW, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the SUE: replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the FUE.
[0051] The DPGW may be configured to: obtain, from the SMF, a request to establish the new data session.
[0052] The FUE may be configured to notify the SUE that the new data session is ready to be activated.
[0053] The DPGW may be configured to: obtain, from the SMF, a request to deactivate a data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; deactivate the data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; and notify the SUE that the data plane connection between the SUE the data service has been deactivated.
[0054] The DPGW may be configured to: subsequent an occurrence of a termination event, receive, from the SMF, a request to release the second data session; receive, from the SMF, instructions to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the FUE: modify the source address of the packets received from the SUE to be indicative of the FUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service; and replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the SUE.
[0055] The termination event includes at least one of: an extended reality session of the SUE is terminated; the SUE no longer requires computation off-loading; and the FUE can no longer perform computations off-loaded by the SUE.
[0056] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments may be implemented in conjunction with the aspect with which they are described but may also be implemented with other embodiments of that aspect. When embodiments are mutually exclusive, or are otherwise incompatible with each other, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Some embodiments may be described in relation to one aspect, but may also be applicable to other aspects, as will be apparent to those of skill in the art.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0057] Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which:
[0058] FIG. 1 shows an example of a 6G system conceptual structure.
[0059] FIG. 2 shows an example of a deployment of the 6G system in an evolutionary solution.
[0060] FIG. 3 shows an example of an apparatus in the 6G system of FIG. 2.
[0061] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a network architecture in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0062] FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of network architecture that utilizes enhanced 5G NFs, in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0063] FIG. 6 shows, in accordance with the present disclosure, an embodiment of a scenario in the context of an XR application.
[0064] FIG. 7 shows, in accordance with the present disclosure, an embodiment where an XR device accesses an XR application that is outside a mobile network.
[0065] FIGs. 8A through 8D show a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0066] FIG. 9 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a verification procedure in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0067] FIG. 10 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0068] FIG. 11 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method to deactivate the data connections between a user equipment, an access network and between the access network and a data plane gateway in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0069] FIGs. 12A and 12B show, in accordance with the present disclosure, a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method to release computation offloading.
[0070] FIG. 13 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method of activating a data plane connection, in accordance with the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0071] The present disclosure allows a mobile device connected to a mobile network and running an application that requires the mobile device to perform a large number of computations to offload some computations to another mobile device connected to the mobile network. As an example, the mobile device may be a head-wearable device that is running an XR application that requires time-sensitive computations to be performed. In a scenario where the head-wearable device determines it may not be able to perform the computations, the head-wearable device may request, through the mobile network, that a mobile device perform some or all of the computation tasks.
[0072] The ability to offload computations from a first mobile device such as an XR mobile device to a second mobile device allows the first mobile device to forgo processing capacity and battery capacity upgrades, therefore keeping the device affordable and extending the device lifetime.
[0073] FIG. 1 shows an example of a 6G system conceptual structure.
[0074] In addition to computing processing requirement, the XR devices also needs a power supply, which is often provided by on-device battery. Therefore, the cost of XR devices may be too high. The device may be too heavy to wear for a long time.
[0075] The proposed 6G network architecture of FIG. 1 has been designed with the following principles and requirements in mind: openness, trustworthiness, simplicity in standardization, scalability, rapid deployment of 6G networks and future-proofing.
[0076] The proposed 6G network architecture of FIG. 1 applies modularization strategy, utilizes anything-as-a-service (XaaS) concepts and network virtualization techniques.
[0077] For some procedure designs, a modularization of the procedures may be appropriate. A procedure of the 6G System may include some procedures that can be reused by other procedures. Such a reusable procedure may be referred to as a basic procedure.
[0078] A complex procedure may include multiple sequential or parallel basic procedures. It is expected that such methodology can simplify designs of procedures.
[0079] Referring to FIG. 1, the exemplary 6G System leverages service-based architecture and the XaaS concept and XaaS services in the 6G System may be categorized into three layers: a Service layer 100, a control / management (C / M) layer 102, and an infrastructure layer 104.
[0080] In FIG. 1, each XaaS service may by provided by identified 5G logical functions. In the evolutionary solution, a XaaS service may be provided with 5G enhancement by more than one approaches.
[0081] The service layer 100 of the 6G System conceptual structure of FIG. 1 includes: · Network for AI (NET4AI) as-a-service (AAS) is a new type of service in 6G CN / RAN, which enables a network with the capability to conduct / execute artificial intelligence (AI) training / inferencing task (s) . For example, AI task (s) , by network-based computing and communication resources. In the present disclosure, examples evolutionary solutions to support the NET4AI service by enhancing the network data analytics function (NWDAF) in 5G system are described. · A NET4Data AAS provides a decentralized architecture for data stakeholders to collaboratively manage data lifecycle events. These data lifecycle events include data storage and data sharing. The data could be public, private, sensitive, confidential. In the present disclosure, the NET4Data service could be integrated into the 5GS, or could be enhanced by the 5GS. · Data analysis and management (DAM) AAS focuses on different types of data: network data (e.g., data collected from network functions, XaaS service) , ISAC data (3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from UE and RAN) , Non-3GPP-based sensing data (e.g., from Radar, LiDAR, Wi-Fi Sensing) ) , sensor data (e.g., data from camera sensor, video sensor) , and other data (e.g., Digital user data, 3rd party data, synthetization data, and AI data) . DAM AAS provides services for a variety of data consumers, e.g., XaaS service, 3rd party, NF, UE, etc. 5G system logical functions for example: NWDAF, DCCF, and MFAF of control plane can be enhanced to support DAM service in an evolutionary solution. · At the Service layer 110, the 6G System conceptual structure 100 includes a Network for Block Chain NET4BC as a service 116. The NET4BC provides a mechanism to protect data integrity and security while being transferred and stored in the network. · Network for Digital World (NET4DW) AAS provides the capability of intelligent integration / synthesis of information from the physical world and digital world (DW) . Customers of NET4DW can be individuals, industries, governments. The customers can have the capability of creation, control, and management of a variety of applications running in the DW such as virtual reality applications. DW services can be supported by enhancing 5G functions and adding new functions (e.g., an evolutionary solution) where necessary. · Network for connectivity (NET4CON) AAS provides a capability to support exchange of messages and data among new 6G services. The basic capabilities of NET4CON allow to manage logical topology among XaaS services and between 6G XaaS services and all types of 6G system customers, to introduce intelligent GWs for controlling dynamic forwarding based on configured procedure principle and to support anonymous interactions among these XaaS services and customers by the introduced intelligent GWs. The NET4CON AAS is provided by enhancement of 5G system.
[0082] The C / M layer 102 of the 6G System conceptual structure of FIG. 1 includes: · Resource Management (RM) AAS provides a capability of life-cycle management of a variety of slices and over-the-air resource assignment to wireless devices. · Mission Management (MM) AAS provides a capability to program provisioning of XaaS services at the Service Layer to provide mission services. A mission is to achieve a designated goal, known as mission goal, which includes providing PDU connectivity and optionally providing data processing. The MM services include the following: mission information management service, mission session management service, mission execution and access management service. · Service Provisioning Management (SPM) AAS provides a capability of control and management of 6G service access by customers and provisioning of requested services. The capability is provided by ID management, unified authentication, anonymous service authorization and key management. · Connectivity Management (CM) AAS provides a capability of reachability management of 6G wireless devices and D- users in NET4DW in order to support connectivity establishment between wireless devices / D-Users and XaaS services of 6G System. Note that physical locations of D-Users can be changed. A CM service can be deployed across multiple BAS domains. · CONET (COnfederation NETwork) AAS provides a capability to manage all other XaaS from different vendors in order to provide network services for consumers. · Protocol AAS provides a capability to design service customized protocol stacks for identified interfaces. · Network Security Management AAS provides an end-to-end trust ecosystem and support the deployment of multi-vendor interface / network function / services.
[0083] The infrastructure layer 104 of the 6G System conceptual structure of FIG. 1 includes: · A Radio Access Network (RAN) infrastructure AAS. · A Core Network (CN) infrastructure AAS. · A satellite network AAS. · A sensor infrastructure ASS; · A database (storage) infrastructure AAS. · Other infrastructures AAS such as, for example a cloud / data center infrastructure AAS may also be included in the infrastructure layer 104. These infrastructures AAS can be provided by a single provider or by multiple providers.
[0084] FIG. 2 shows an example of a deployment of the 6G system in an evolutionary solution. In FIG. 2, the “+” represents “enhanced” , for example, the 5G AMF-Mobility function is enhanced, denoted as AMF-Mobility+, the 5G RRC function is enhanced, denoted as RRC+, the 5G Network Repository Function (NRF) is enhanced, denoted as NRF+, the 5G Session Management Function (SMF) is enhanced, denoted as SMF+, the 5G Network Exposure Function (NEF) is enhanced, denoted as NEF+, the 5G Authentication Server Function (AUSF) is enhanced, denoted as AUSF+, other enhanced functions are not described in detail herein.
[0085] The C / M Radio Bearer (C / M RB) of a 6G device shown in FIG. 2 is an over-the-air connection for carrying control signaling for over-the-air interface management and C / M plane messages. A 6G device, for example device / sensor 106 in FIG. 2, can have multiple C / M RBs.
[0086] The Data Radio Bearer (Data RB) of a 6G device shown in FIG. 2 is and over-the-air connection for carrying Data plane traffic. The device / sensor 106 can have multiple Data RBs.
[0087] The RB endpoints shown in FIG. 2 are endpoints of RBs at the network side. An endpoint of an RB protocol stack (e.g., PDCP) can be in, e.g., a RAN basic architecture structure (BAS) domain, but not limited to that. In other words, an RB endpoint can be flexibly deployed / selected for a device.
[0088] An RB handler is an over-the-air interface protocol stack handler. An RB handler is defined as a logical function which perform RB protocol stack operations after getting configurations. A protocol handler is PDCP-only handler or whole protocol stack handler. An RB handler accepts RB configuration from a Connectivity Management (CM) service. An RB handler also accepts security configuration, e.g., keying material, from a Service Provisioning Management (SPM) service.
[0089] The NET4CON service, which has an impact on the 6G system architecture is implemented by an enhanced 5G Service Communication Proxy (SCP+) as a C / M plane GW and an enhanced 5G User Plane Function (UPF+) as a data plane GW. Proposed per device / D-User C / M session and data session are defined as logical connection between a device / D-User and its serving SCP+(C / M-TW-GW) and serving UPF+ (Data-TW-GW) . All XaaS services are deployed across multiple BAS / clouds.
[0090] The 6G customer can be of various types, including a device (e.g., an electronic device (ED) , a terminal device) , an apparatus, a chip, an equipment (e.g., user equipment (UE) ) , etc. For example, the customer may be an individual customer, a business customer, etc. The 6G customer is used to connect persons, objects, machines, etc. The 6G customer may be widely used in various scenarios including, for example, cellular communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicle to everything (V2X) communication, peer-to-peer (P2P) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC) , internet of things (IoT) , virtual reality (VR) , augmented reality (AR) , mixed reality (MR) , metaverse, digital twin, industrial control, self-driving, remote medical, smart grid, smart furniture, smart office, smart wearable, smart transportation, smart city, drones, robots, remote sensing, passive sensing, positioning, navigation and tracking, autonomous delivery and mobility, etc.
[0091] In the context of FIG. 2, each 6G customer represents any suitable end user device for wireless operation and may include such devices (or may be referred to but not limited to) as a UE or a user device or a terminal device, a wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) , a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a cellular telephone, a station (STA) , a MTC device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a smartphone, a laptop, a computer, a tablet, a wireless sensor, a consumer electronics device, a smart book, a vehicle, a car, a truck, a bus, a train, or an IoT device, wearable devices (such as a watch, a pair of glasses, head mounted equipment, etc. ) , an industrial device, or an apparatus in (e.g. module, modem, or chip) or comprising the forgoing devices, among other possibilities. Future generation 6G customer may be referred to using other terms. When a 6G customer performs (or is configured to perform) a method described herein, it may be interpreted as the ED, one or more module (or units) in the ED, a circuit or chip, or a combination thereof, and may perform the method. For example, the circuit or chip may include a modem chip, also referred to as a baseband chip, a system on chip (SoC) including a modem core, or a system in package (SIP) ) , and the like, and may be responsible for one or more communication functions in the ED.
[0092] FIG. 3 shows an example of an apparatus 200 in a communication system (e.g., the 6G system in FIG. 2) . The apparatus 200 may be an electronic device (e.g. ED or other 6G customer) , a network node such as RAN, or any components in a RAN, a CN or any Network Function of a CN. As shown in FIG. 3, apparatus 200 may include at least one processor 206. Only one processor 206 is illustrated to avoid congestion in the drawing. The processor 206 may perform (or control the apparatus 320 to perform) operations (or methods) described herein as being performed by the apparatus 320.
[0093] When the apparatus is in a RAN or includes components of the RAN or the apparatus is a UE, the apparatus 200 may further include a transmitter 202 and a receiver 204 coupled to one or more antennas. One, some, or all of the antennas may alternatively be panels. The transmitter 202 and the receiver 204 may be integrated, e.g. as a transceiver. The transceiver is configured to modulate data or other content for transmission by at least one antenna or network interface controller (NIC) . The transceiver is also configured to demodulate data or other content received by the at least one antenna. Each transceiver includes any suitable structure for generating signals for wireless or wired transmission and / or processing signals received wirelessly or by wire. Each antenna includes any suitable structure for transmitting and / or receiving wireless or wired signals. In the present disclosure, the transceiver (or transmitter 252 and / or receiver 254) may be viewed as an interface circuit.
[0094] The apparatus 200 may include at least one memory 208. The memory 208 stores instructions used to perform operations described herein. The memory 208 may also store data used, generated, or collected by the apparatus 200. For example, the memory 208 could store software instructions or modules configured to implement some or all of the functionality and / or embodiments described herein and that are executed by one or more processor 206.
[0095] A person skilled in the art should understand that embodiments of this disclosure may be provided as a method, an apparatus (or a system) , a computer-readable storage medium, or a computer program product. Therefore, this disclosure may use a form of a hardware-only embodiment, a software-only embodiment, or an embodiment with a combination of software and hardware. Moreover, this disclosure may use a form of a computer program product that is implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to a disk memory, an optical memory, and the like) that include computer-usable program code.
[0096] As used herein, the term “about” should be read as including variation from the nominal value, for example, a + / -10%variation from the nominal value. It is to be understood that such a variation is always included in a given value provided herein, whether or not it is specifically referred to.
[0097] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
[0098] Digital world (DW) services such as metaverse, augmented reality (AR) , virtual reality (VR) , mixed reality (MR) which may be collectively called eXtended Reality (XR) service, have been developed for a number of applications in gaming, entertainment, healthcare, industrial automation, remote vehicle driving, to name a few. The users may use XR devices, for example, head-mounted devices (HMDs) , to access an XR application server. The XR devices may have a high-resolution video display to display the XR video. The XR devices may also have multiple sensors to capture surrounding environment, e.g. video and audio, and user movement. The XR applications may require significant data processing, such as video capturing and video rendering, at the XR devices. In addition to computing processing requirement, the XR devices also need power supply, which is often provided by on-device battery. Therefore, the cost of XR devices may be too high. The device may be heavy to wear for a long time.
[0099] In order to reduce the cost of XR devices, some computational tasks may be offloaded from the XR devices to another device such as a smart phone, or a network function in the network. The XR device needs to have a connection with the associated smart phone. An application in the smart phone may perform heavy computing tasks for the XR device. The XR device may have certain limitations, such as limited processing capability, limited battery capacity, limited network connection speed. When one or more of these limits reach, the XR device may want to offload the computation tasks to the associated smart phone. It is essential to support a smooth transfer for data processing and data connections from the XR device to the computation offloading device and vice versa.
[0100] FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a network architecture in accordance with the present disclosure. In FIG. 4, a first user equipment (UE1) 300 is an XR device. In general, the UE1 can also be any device such as a smart phone, cell phone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, or any other suitable device that can provide XR functionalities. A second UE (UE2) 302 is a supporting device to which UE1 300 may offload some computation tasks to. UE2 302 may be a smart phone, cell phone, tablet, laptop, desktop computer, or any other suitable device that can provide computing resources for UE1 300. UE1 300 and UE2 302 may each be equipped with communication units to communicate with each other and to connect with one or more communication networks.
[0101] A mobile network 400 may have an Access Network (AN) 402 that may provide wireless or wired interface, or both, for UE1 300 or UE2 302 to connect with a data network (DN) 404. The AN 402 may also have network functions (NFs) . The mobile network 400 may also have a Core Network (CN) 406. The AN 402 may have radio management unit, transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) points to support radio transmission and reception, and sensing functionalities.
[0102] The CN 406 may include one or more of following NFs. · Connection Management Function (CMF) 410: The CMF 410 provides functionalities to support control plane (CP) signaling between the EDs, UE and NFs in the CN 406. The CMF 410 may also manage the mobility of EDs and UEs. · Session Management Function (SMF) 412: The SMF 412 provides CP functionalities to create and manage user plane or data plane connection between the ED, UE and NFs, and between the ED, UE and DN 404. · Data Storage Function (DSF) 416: The DSF 416 provides functionalities to store data of one or more of UE data, user data, NF data, application data, and network operation data, and any other types of data. · Data Management Function (DMF) 414: The DMF 414 provides functionalities to manage one or more of DSFs. For example, some NF may send a data record of a data type to the DMF 414, then the DMF 414 may select a DSF 416 instance to store certain types of data. · Policy Function (PF) 418: The PF 418 may create policies for different operation of network and provide policies to NFs, EDs, UEs, AN 402, and the DN 404. · Security Function (SF) 420: The SF 420 may provide one or more of authorization function, authentication function, and data security protection for one or more of UE, NF in the AN 402, NF in the CN 406, AN 404, and NF in the DN 404. · Location Management Function (LMF) 424: The LMF 424 may provide one or more of functionalities: detect the UE location, estimate the location UE, tracking the mobility of ED. · Network Entity Repository (NER) 434: The NEF 434 may provide functionalities for a network entity (NE) to register its NE profile so that other NEs can discover, select, and use the services of this NE. · Control Plane Gateway (CPGW) 422: The CPGW 422 may provide an interface for NFs in the DN 404 or other network to access the services provided by NFs of the mobile network. · Data Plane Function (DPF) 436: The DPF 436 may provide one or more of services: receiving data of UE and NFs; processing the received data; forwarding the received data, sending processed data. · Data Plane Gateway (DPGW) 446: The DPGW 446 may provide an interface to send or receive data between the mobile network and other entities in the DN.
[0103] The mobile network 400 (the CN 406) may provide NFs to host or support digital world (DW) applications. Some example of DW applications may include digital twin applications, metaverse applications, and other applications.
[0104] The following NFs may support DW applications. · Data Collection and Distribution Function (DCDF) 426: The DCDF 426 may provide one or more of following functionalities: Data collection from NEs, such as sensor, UE, NF in the mobile network, NF in the DN 404; · data storage management for the collected data stored in one or more of Sensor Data Storage Function (SDSF) 428; data distribution to other NFs that request the data. · DW Control Function (DWCF) 430: Perform one or more of tasks to create and manage DW applications, and manage the operation a DW applications. · Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model training function (MTF) 440: The MTF 440 may use the collected sensor data to derive AI or ML model to support DW applications. · Artificial intelligence and machine learning (AIML) model repository function (MRF) 442: The MRF 442 may provide one or more of following services: store the AIML models derived by the MTF, and distribute AIML models to other NFs and UE. · Object Context Repository function (OCRF) 432: The OCRF 432 may provide one or more of services: store object context in real-time and distribute object contexts to subscribed NFs. · Object context: e.g. UE context, NF context. · DW Data Processing Function (DWDPF) 438: The DWDPF 438 may provide one or more of services: ο Get one or more of AIML models from the MRF 442; ο Get the sensor data from UE and NFs; ο Use one or more of AIML models or other methods to process the collected sensor data to detect the real world (RW) objects; convert the detected RW object into one or more virtual world (VW) objects that can be used by one or more DW applications; ο Run application software of DW applications; ο Generate actuator data for actuator devices: for example, video data for video game, patient monitoring video in hospitals, robot monitoring in smart factories, vehicle monitoring for intelligent transport system operator, lighting control in smart city or performance. ο Send actuator control command and data to actuator devices.
[0105] The DN 404 may host one or more applications, e.g. DW applications. The DW applications may be implemented by using DW Controller (DWC) and DW Application Server (AS) 408. The DWC may provide control functionalities. The DW AS 408 may host application software of DW applications. The DWC may be also referred to as an application function (AF) 407.
[0106] The functionalities of the above NFs may be implemented by modifying NFs of 5G network as described below, with reference to FIG. 5, which shows an embodiment of network architecture that utilizes enhanced 5G NFs, in accordance with the present disclosure. In FIG. 5, a UE 300 is coupled to the AN 402.
[0107] The NFs of FIG. 5 include: · The 5G access and mobility management function may be enhanced (5G AMF+ 500) to provide functionalities of the CMF 410. · The 5G session management function may be enhanced (5G SMF+ 502) can be enhanced to provide functionalities of the SMF 412. · The 5G policy control function may be enhanced (5G PCF+ 508) to provide functionalities of the PF 418. · The 5G network exposure function may be enhanced (5G NEF+ 512) to provide functionalities of the CPGW 422. · The 5G network repository function may be enhanced (5G NRF+ 522) to provide functionalities of the NER 434. · The 5G unified data management function may be enhanced (5G UDM+ 504) to provide functionalities of the DMF 414. · The 5G unified data repository may be enhanced (5G UDR+ 506) to provide functionalities of the SDSF 428. · The 5G Authentication Server Function may be enhanced (5G AUSF+ 510) to provide functionalities of the SF 420. · The 5G Data Collection Coordination Function may be enhanced (5G DCCF+ 520) to provide functionalities of the DCDF 426. · The 5G Location Management Function may be enhanced (5G LMF+ 518) to provide functionalities of the LMF 424. · The 5G Service Communication Proxy may be enhanced (5G SCP+ 516) to support the DWCF 430 indirect communications with other CP functions.
[0108] Data plane functions of the embodiment of FIG. 5 may include: · The 5G User Plane Function may be enhanced (5G UPF+ 524) to provide functionalities of the DPF 436, DWDPF 438, and DPGW 446. · The 5G Analytics Data Repository Function may be enhanced (5G ADRF+ 528) to provide functionalities of the OCRF 432, SDSF 428, MRF 442. · The Network Data Analytics Function (NWDAF) Model Training Logical Function (MTLF) may be enhanced (5G NWDAF-MTLF+ 530) to provide functionalities of the MTF 440.
[0109] The DN 404 of FIG. 5 may include an external DWC / AF 409 and an external DW AS 411.
[0110] FIG. 6 shows, in accordance with the present disclosure, an embodiment of a scenario where the XR application (or any other application that may be, in some cases, computation-intensive) is within the mobile network 400 and is provided by a NF DWDPF 438 of the CN 406. In this scenario, UE1 300 may have an established data connection with the DWDPF 438 via a connection C1 with the AN 402, connection C3 between the AN 402 and the DPF 436 of the CN 406, and connection C4 between the DPF 436 and DWDPF 438. When UE1 300 wants to offload some computation tasks to UE2 302, UE1 300 may establish a direct connection D1 with UE2 302. UE2 302 may request the network to establish a data connection C2 with the AN 402, and also C3 and C4 connections. Within the context of the present disclosure, the expression “data service” is to be understood as meaning a network node or a network device (e.g., an application server) associated with a respective application (e.g., an XR application) , or a DWDPF that resides (or is instantiated) within the mobile network and that is associated with a respective application.
[0111] FIG. 7 shows, in accordance with the present disclosure, an embodiment where the XR device (UE1 300) accesses an XR application (or any other application that may be, in some cases, computation-intensive) that is outside the mobile network 400 but in the AS 408 of DN 404. The network provides connections C1, C3, C5 (between the DPF 436 and DPGW 446) and C6 (between the DPGW 446 and AS 408) . When UE1 300 wants to offload some computation tasks to UE2 302, UE1 300 may establish a direct connection D1 with UE2 302. UE2 302 may request the network to establish a data connection C2 with the AN 408, and also C3, C5, and C6 connections.
[0112] When UE1 300, an XR device or any other suitable device, is having a session (an application session) with an AS 408, the battery may go down to low levels, or the XR application may need more computing resources. In this scenarios, UE1 300 may request UE2 302 to provide computing resources to support UE1 300. To do so, UE1 300 may provide XR session information to UE2 302. After UE2 302 receives the request from UE1 300 for computation offloading, UE2 302 may request the network to establish a data connection with the AS 408, indicating that this session is for computation offloading from UE1 300. The network may verify with UE1 300 whether the request of UE2 302 is valid. The network establishes a data connection between UE2 302 and the AS 408 so that the data packets of UE1 300 can be transferred via UE2 302. After having the data connection with the AS 408, UE2 302 notifies UE1 300 that UE2 302 is ready to process data packets of UE1 300. UE1 300 will send data to UE2 302 for processing. After processing data of UE1 300, UE2 302 may send the processed data of UE1 300 to the AS 408. In the downlink (DL) , the AS 406 may be unaware of the computation offloading in UE2 302. The AS 406 may send the DL XR packets of UE1 300 to the DPGW 446. The DPGW 446 will forward the downlink (DL) data packets of UE1 300 to UE2 302. UE2 302 may process the DL data packets, then send the DL data packets to UE1 300.
[0113] FIGs. 8A through 8D show a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0114] Referring to FIG. 8A, at action 1, UE1 300 has a data connection with the AS 406 via the AN 402 and DPGW 446 to convey XR application data packets between UE1 300 and the AS. UE1 300 may be assigned by the network an IP address to communicate with the AS 408. The logical data connection between the UE1 300 and the DPGW 446 may be represented by a data session ID, e.g. a protocol data unit (PDU) session ID as in 5G network.
[0115] At action 2a, in some implementations, UE1 300 may decide to offload some computation tasks to UE2 302. The decision to offload may be influenced by factors such as, but not limited to, low battery, insufficient computing resources, insufficient memory, insufficient processing power, insufficient GPU resources, or insufficient CPU resources.
[0116] At action 2b, in some implementations, UE2 302 may decide to take computation offloading from UE1 300. For example, when UE1 300 and UE2 302 are owned by the same user. When the battery of UE1 300 is low, the user may turn on an application in UE2 302 to support computation offloading from UE1 300.
[0117] At action 3, UE1 300 may establish a connection with UE2 302, for example using a Wi-Fi connection, or cellular network sidelink technology.
[0118] At action 4a, after having established a connection with UE2 302, UE1 300 may send a computation offloading request message to UE2 302. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · a UE1 300 ID that is recognized by the mobile network, for example 5G Subscription Permanent Identifier (SUPI) , Subscription Concealed Identifier (SUCI) , 5G Globally Unique Temporary Identifier (5G-GUTI) as in the 5G network. · Data Session ID 1 of UE1 300 to identify the data session of UE1 300 that currently serves the XR session. · Address of UE1 300 (e.g. IP address and port number) that is currently used to communicate with the AS. · QoS parameter set 1 that are currently assigned by the network to support the Data Session ID 1. The QoS parameters may include one or more of following parameters: average bit rate, packet delay budget, PDU set delay budget, packet loss rate, maximum bit rate. · Application information, such as application ID, to identify the application UE1 300 wants to offload computing tasks to UE2 302. · Network information: e.g. the address of the AS, e.g. IP address and port number; the data network name (DNN) of the DN that hosts the AS; the network slice information, e.g. S-NSSAI, that provides data connection between UE1 300 and AS;CMF ID of the CMF 410 that currently provides CP connection with UE1 300.
[0119] At action 4b, UE2 302 may send a computation offloading acknowledgment (Ack) message to UE1 300 to confirm the receipt of the message at action 4a.
[0120] At action 5a, in order to support the computation offloading request from UE1 300, UE2 302 may prepare computing resources, such as software initialization, hardware resource reservation. The hardware resources may include one or more of GPU, CPU, memory, storage, but not limited to.
[0121] UE2 302 may also need to establish a connection with the AS 406 to send to and / or receive data packets from the AS 406. While it may happen that UE1 300 and UE2 302 may connect to two different control management functions CMF 1 and CMF 2, respectively, it is may be assumed that UE1 300 and UE2 302 may connect with the same CMF 410 to illustrate the main operations. For the case that UE1 300 and UE2 302 connect with two different CMF 1 and CMF 2, the two CMF 1 and CMF 2 may communicate with each other to exchange some information.
[0122] UE2 302 may send a data session establishment request message to the CMF 410, via the AN 402. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE2 302 ID. · Data Session ID 2 to identify the data session being requested. · Reason: This parameter may be used to indicate the reason UE2 302 requests the data session establishment. For example, the reason may be “computation offloading” to indicate that this data session is to support another UE to perform computation offloading. · UE1 300 information: If the reason is “computation offloading” , UE2 302 may include one or more parameters received from UE1 300 in action 4a, for example UE1 300 ID, Data Session ID 1, Address of UE1 300, QoS parameter set 1, Application information, and network information.
[0123] At action 5b, when the AN 402 receives the message sent at action 5a, the AN 402 may forwards the data session establishment request to the CMF 410.
[0124] At action 6, the CMF 410 receives the data session establishment request message and may check the Reason parameter. If the reason is “computation offloading” , the CMF may perform a verification with UE1 300 to confirm with UE1 300 whether UE1 300 requested UE2 302 to perform computation offloading. Details of the verification procedure is described elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0125] Referring now to FIG. 8B, action 7a: If the CMF 410 successfully verified with UE1 300 about the computation offloading request of UE1 300, the CMF 410 may select an SMF 412 to establish the data sessions for UE2 302. The CMF 410 may select the SMF 412 that currently manage the data connection of UE1 300 indicated by Data Session ID 1. The CMF may use UE1 300 ID, Data Session ID 1 to identify and select the SMF 412. In this way, the same SMF 412 may support both data sessions, represented by Data Session ID 1 and Data Session ID 2 of UE1 300 and UE2 302, respectively.
[0126] Action 7b: The CMF 410 may send a data session establishment request to the selected SMF 412. The message may include one or more of following parameters received from UE2 302 in action 5b: UE2 302 ID, Data Session ID 2, UE1 300 information.
[0127] Action 8: The SMF 412 receives the data session establishment request message from the CMF 410, the SMF 412 may check the Reason parameter. If the reason is “computation offloading” , the SMF 412 may perform a verification with UE1 300 to confirm with UE1 300 whether UE1 300 requested UE2 302 to perform computation offloading. Details of the verification procedure is described elsewhere in the disclosure.
[0128] In some implementations, either the CMF 410 or SMF 412 or both may perform actions 6 and 8.
[0129] Actions 9a to 15b are to establish a data session to provide a logical data connection between the UE2 302 and the DPGW 446, in which the DPGW 446 is connected with the DN that hosts the AS 408.
[0130] Action 9a: The SMF 412 may select a DMF 414 to get subscription data of the UE2 302. The SMF 412 may send a UE subscription data request message to the selected DMF 414. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE2 302 ID, UE1 300 ID, Reason (which is computation offloading) , Application information.
[0131] Action 9b: If the subscription data of UE2 302 is stored in the DSF 416, the DMF 414 may send a get UE subscription data request message to the DSF 416 to get the subscription data of UE2 302. The message may include the UE2 302 ID.
[0132] Action 9c: The DSF 416 may send a get UE subscription data response message, that contains the subscription data of the UE2 302.
[0133] Action 9d: The DMF 414 may send a UE subscription data response message to the SMF 412 in response to the message received in action 9a. The message may comprise the subscription data of UE2 302. In some implementations, the DMF 414 may check the subscription data of UE2 302 to decide whether the UE2 302 may be allowed to perform computation offloading service for the UE1 300. In some implementations, the UE2 302 may be allowed to perform computation offloading service for any applications, or some specific applications. If the subscription data of UE2 302 allows the UE2 302 to perform computation offloading service for the application in the Application information, the DMF 414 may send the subscription data of UE2 302 to the SMF 412. In some implementations, if the subscription data of UE2 302 does not allow the UE2 302 to perform the computation offloading service, the DMF 414 may send a reject indication to the SMF 412.
[0134] In some implementations, if the subscription data of UE2 302 does not allow the UE2 302 to perform computation offloading service, actions 10a to 11b, and actions 15a to 20 may be skipped.
[0135] Action 10a: The DMF 414 may send a UE policy request to the PF 418 to get the policies related to the UE2 302. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE2 302 ID, UE2 302 subscription data, UE1 300 ID, Reason (or cause) , which is “computation offloading” , Application information.
[0136] Action 10b: The PF 418 may send a UE policy response message to the SMF 412. The message may include one or more policies related to the data session to be established for the UE2 302, and charging policy. The charging policy may indicate whether the charging for data connection service will be assigned to UE1 300 or UE2 302 while the data session of UE2 302 is established to support computation offloading.
[0137] Action 11a: The SMF 412 may select a DPGW 446 to provide data connection with the AS 408. The SMF 412 may select the same DPGW 446 that currently provides connection for Data Session ID 1 of UE1 300. The SMF 412 may send a DP establishment request message to the DPGW 446, the message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE2 302 ID. · DP Session ID 2 to identify the communication between the SMF 412 and the DPGW 446 to support the new data session of UE2 302, which is represented by Data Session ID 2. · QoS parameters. · UE1 300 ID. · DP Session ID 1 to identify the communication between the SMF 412 and DPGW 446 to support the existing data session of UE1 300, which is represented by Data Session ID 1. · In some implementations, the SMF 412 may include an indication to forward uplink (UL) traffic sent from the UE2 302 to the existing connection that servers Data Session ID 1 of UE1 300 between the DPGW 446 and the AS 408. By doing this, the UE2 302 can process the data packets sent from the UE1 300, then the UE2 302 can send the processed data packets of the UE1 300 to the AS 408. For example, the UE2 302 may send UL packets with source IP address being set to IP address 2 of UE2 302. When the DPGW 446 receives the UL packets sent on the uplink tunnel of Data Session 2 of UE2 302, the DPGW 446 may perform network address translation (NAT) . The source IP address in the packet header contains the IP address 2 of UE2 302. The DPGW 446 will replace the IP address 2 of UE2 302 by the IP address 1 of UE1 300. Then the DPGW 446 will send the packets to the AS 408. The AS 408 may assume that the UL packets were still being sent from the UE1 300. Thus, the session between the UE1 300 and AS 408 is not interrupted. · In some implementations, the SMF 412 may include an indication to forward the downlink (DL) packets, that are sent from the AS 408 to the UE1 300, to the UE2 302. By doing this, the UE2 302 can receive packets of Data Session 1 of UE1 300 to perform computation offloading. For example, the SMF 402 may send a DL packet filter set to detect DL packets to be sent to UE1 300. The DPGW 446 will detect DL packets based on this DL packet filter set, but the DPGW 446 will send the detected DL packets to the UE2 302, instead of the UE1 300.
[0138] Action 11b: The DPGW 446 may establish resources for a new Data Session 2 of UE2 302. The DPGW 446 does not change any setting for the existing Data Session 1 of UE1 300. It means the DL packets of UE1 300 are forwarded to a DL tunnel 1 (e.g. represented by DL tunnel endpoint ID 1 (TEID 1) ) of Data Session 1 of UE1 300. The DPGW 446 may send a DP establishment response message to the SMF 412. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · DP Session ID 2 · UL TEID 2: for the AN 408 to send the UL data from UE2 302 to the DPGW 446.
[0139] Action 12a: The SMF 412 may send a data session establishment response to the CMF 410. The message may have 3 data containers, each for the CMF 410, AN 408 and UE2 302: · CMF data container: may include one or more of following parameters: Data Session ID 1, Data Session ID 2, an indication to associate Data Session 1 of UE1 300 and Data Session 2 of UE2 302; accept indication to indicate that the request of the UE2 302 to establish Data Session 2 is accepted. · AN data container may include one or more of following parameters: Data Session ID 2, AN QoS parameters for Data Session 2 of UE2 302. · UE data container for UE2 302 may include one or more of following parameters: Data Session ID 2, accept indication to indicate that the request of the UE2 302 to establish Data Session ID 2 is accepted, UE QoS parameters.
[0140] Action 12b: The CMF 410 receives the message of action 12a. The CMF 410 may store the data carried in the CMF data container. The CMF 410 may send a data session establishment response message to the AN 408. The message may include the AN data container and the UE data container received from the SMF 412.
[0141] Referring now to FIG. 8C, at action 13a: After receiving the message in action 12b, the AN 408 may establish data connection over the air interface with the UE2 302.
[0142] Action 13b: The AN 408 may send a data session establishment response message to the UE2 302. The message may contain the UE data container.
[0143] In some implementations, action 13a may be performed before or after action 13b.
[0144] Action 14a: The AN 402 may assign a new DL Tunnel 2 for Data Session 2 with tunnel information including IP address, port number and DL TEID 2. The AN 402 may send a data session establishment Ack message to the SMF 412 via the CMF 410. The message may include the DL Tunnel 2 information. The message is to confirm that the AN 402 resources have been established to support the Data Session 2 of UE2 302.
[0145] Action 14b: The CMF 410 receives the message in action 14a. The CMF 410 may send a data session establishment Ack message to the SMF 412 to forward the information received from the AN 402.
[0146] Action 15a: The SMF 412 may send a DP modification request message to the DPGW 446. The message may include the DP Session ID 2, the DL Tunnel 2 information of Data Session 2.
[0147] Action 15b: The DPGW 446 may send a DP modification response message to the SMF 412 to confirm that the resources of DPGW 446 have been updated.
[0148] Action 16: The UE2 302 may communicate with the AS 408 via the AN 402 and DPGW 446.
[0149] Referring now to FIG. 8D, at action 17: The UE2 302 may send a computation offloading response message to the UE1 300 to confirm that the UE2 302 now can perform computing tasks for the UE1 300.
[0150] Action 18: UE1 300 and UE2 302 may exchange data to support the computation offloading.
[0151] For example, the UE1 300 may send one or more of following information to the UE2 302: · UE ID 1. · Data Session ID 1. · The application session information with the AS 408: e.g. video and audio codec parameters, the video processing application ID, the audio processing application ID. · The AS 408 connection information: e.g. IP address (AS IP address) and port number (AS port number) of the AS 408, the IP address (UE1 300 IP address) and port number (UE1 300 port number) of the UE1 300 that are used for this data session. · Security context information of the current data session between the UE1 300 and the AS 408: the UE2 302 may use the security information to protect the data.
[0152] For example, the UE2 302 may send one or more of following information to the UE1 300: · UE ID 2. · Data Session ID 2. · UE2 302 IP address.
[0153] Action 19: The UE1 300 may send a data forwarding request message to the SMF 412, via one or more of the AN 402 and CMF 410. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE ID 1. · Data Session ID 1. · UE ID 2. · Data Session ID 2. · An indication to request the SMF 412 to forward DL traffic of Data Session 1 to the UE2 302 over the data connection of Data Session ID 2.
[0154] Action 20: The SMF 412 may send a DP modification request to the DPGW 446 to instruct the DPGW 446 to forward data packets of UE1 300 Data Session 1 to UE2 302 Data Session 2. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, DP Session 1. · UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, DP Session 2. · DL data forwarding rule: in some implementations, if the DPGW 446 receives DL data packets that match with a packet filter set (traffic direction is DL, IP source is AS IP address, IP destination is UE1 IP address) , the DPGW 446 will forward these packets to the DL Tunnel 2 of Data Session 2 of UE2 302 so that the UE2 302 can receive and process the DL packets of the UE1 300. · UL data forwarding rule: in some implementation, if the DPGW 446 receives UL data packets that sent from UE2 302 over the UL Tunnel 2 of Data Session 2, the DPGW 446 may perform network address translation (NAT) to replace the source IP (which may be UE2 302 IP address) by the UE1 300 IP address. In this way, the AS will handle UL data packets as if they were sent from the UE1 300. Hence the data session between the UE1 300 and the AS 408 may not be interrupted when the UE2 take over some data processing tasks from the UE1 300.
[0155] Action 21: The DPGW 446 may activate one or more of UL and DL data forwarding rules received from the SMF.
[0156] Action 22: The DPGW 446 may send a DP modification response message to the SMF 412 to confirm the DP reconfiguration changes.
[0157] Action 23: The SMF may send a data forwarding response message to the UE1 300 to confirm the UE1 300 request in action 19 has been fulfilled.
[0158] Action 24: the UE1 300 can send UL data packets to the UE2 302 for computation offloading and receive the DL data packets from the UE2 302. The UE2 302 will perform data processing for the UE1 300 and send UL packets to the AS 408.
[0159] At action 6 of FIG. 8A, in some implementations, the CMF may perform a verification procedure to make sure that the UE2 302 can establish a data session for computation offloading. This verification procedure is described in more details with reference to FIG. 9, which shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a verification procedure in accordance with the present disclosure.
[0160] Referring to FIG. 9, in some implementations, a CMF may perform verification with the UE1 300. In some implementation, the same CMF may serve the UE1 300 and the UE2 302. In some other implementations, there may be a CMF1 450 that serves the UE1 300, and a different CMF, CMF2 452 serves the UE2 302. In this case, the CMF2 452 may need to discover the CMF1 450. For example, the CMF2 452 may discover the CMF1 450 by getting a CMF1 network function profile from the NER 434 (FIG. 4) , where the UE1 300 may be listed as a UE being served by the CMF1 450.
[0161] At action 2 of FIG. 9, CMF2 452 may send a data session establishment verification request message to the UE1 300. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE1 300 ID, UE2 302 ID, Application information. The Application information may include an Application ID that the UE2 302 sent to the CMF2 452.
[0162] At action 3 of FIG. 9, UE1 300 may send a data session establishment verification response message to the CMF1 450 to confirm that the UE2 302 is authorized by the UE1 300 to perform computation offloading.
[0163] At action 8 of FIG. 8B of some implementations, the SMF 412, instead of the CMF 410, may perform a verification procedure to make sure that the UE2 302 can establish a data session for computation offloading. This verification procedure is similar to the methods described in relation to FIG. 9, where the actions of CMF2 452 in actions 1, 2, and 3 are performed by the SMF 412.
[0164] At action 24 of FIG. 8D, the UE1 300 offloads computing tasks to the UE2 302. FIG. 10 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of the actions that may be included to perform action 24 of FIG. 8D. Referring now to FIG. 10, at action 1: The UE1 300 sends one or more UL data packets to the UE2 302.
[0165] Action 2: The UE2 302 processed the UL data packets of UE1 300.
[0166] Action 3: The UE2 302 may send processed UL data packets of UE1 300 to the DPGW 446. The IP packet header may contain the IP address of UE2 302 in the source IP field.
[0167] Action 4: The DPGW 446 may perform NAT for UL data packets received in UL Tunnel 2 of Data Session 2. The UE2 302 IP address may be replaced by UE1 300 IP address in the source IP field.
[0168] Action 5: The DPGW 446 may send UE1 300 processed UL data packets to the AS 408.
[0169] Action 6: The AS 408 may process one of more data packets of UE1 300.
[0170] Action 7: The AS may send one or more DL data packets to the UE1 300 or UE2 302. In some implementations, the destination IP address may be UE1 300 IP address. In some other implementations, the destination IP address may be UE2 302 IP address.
[0171] Action 8: The DPGW 446 may classify the DL data packets to be sent on the DL Tunnel 2 of UE2 302 according to the DL packet forwarding rules.
[0172] Action 9: The DPGW 446 sends the DL data packets to the UE2 302 on DL Tunnel 2 of UE2 302 and to the AN 408. The AN forwards the DL data packets to the UE2 302.
[0173] Action 10: The UE2 302 may process the DL data of UE1 300.
[0174] Action 11: The UE2 302 may send processed DL data of UE1 300 to the UE1 300.
[0175] Action 12: The DPGW 446 may report the data usage of UE1 300 and / or UE2 302 in the UL and DL at certain time, or periodically, or when the data usage reaches one or more pre-defined thresholds, or when the Data Session 2 of UE2 302 is released. The data usage may be sent to the SMF 412, or PF 418, or a charging function for accounting.
[0176] When the UE1 300 offloads computing tasks to the UE2 302, the UE1 300 may request the network to deactivate the data connections, or to release the data sessions that are no longer needed. FIG. 11 shows a call flow diagram of an embodiment of a method to deactivate the data connections between the UE1 300 and the AN 402, and between the AN 402 and DPGW 446 in accordance with the present disclosure. The data session information may be still stored in the memory of the SMF 412 and some other network functions, e.g. CMF, PF, DMF.
[0177] Referring to FIG. 11, at action 1a: If the UE1 300 does not transmit UL data or receive DL data, the UE1 300 may send a DP deactivation request message to the SMF 412 via one or more of the AN 402 and CMF 410. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, Data Session ID 1, data connection deactivation indication, cause. The cause may indicate the reason to deactivate the DP connection, e.g. “computation offloading” .
[0178] Action 1b: If the AN 402 receives the DP deactivation request message, the AN 402 may forward this message to the CMF 410.
[0179] Action 1c: If the CMF 410 receives the DP deactivation request message, the CMF may forward this message to the SMF 412.
[0180] Action 2a: The SMF 412 may send a DP modification request message to the DPGW 446 to deactivate the DP connection between the DPGW 446 and the AN 402. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, Data Session ID 1, DP Session ID 1, DP connection deactivation request.
[0181] Action 2b: The DPGW 446 may remove resources to support UL and DL data transmission between the AN 402 and DPGW 446. The DPGW 446 may send a DP modification response message to the SMF 412 to confirm the release of resources of DPGW 446. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID, Data Session ID 1, DP Session ID 1, DP connection deactivation confirmation.
[0182] Action 3a: The SMF 412 may send a DP deactivation response message to the CMF 410. The message may include a UE data container to be sent to the UE1 300, and an AN data container to be sent to the AN 402. The UE data container may contain one or more of UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, DP deactivation confirmation. The DP deactivation confirmation is to confirm with the UE1 300 that the DP connections of Data Session ID 1 have been removed. The AN data container may contain one or more of UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, AN DP deactivation request. The AN DP deactivation request is to request the resources of AN currently assigned for the UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, to be released.
[0183] Action 3b: The CMF 410 may forward the DP deactivation response message to the AN 402.
[0184] Action 3c: The AN 402 may forward the UE data container to the UE1 300. The AN 402 may remove resources to support UL and DL data transmission between the UE1 300 and the AN 402, and resources to support UL and DL data transmission between the AN 402 and the DPGW 446.
[0185] The UE1 300 receives the UE data container and releases the resources in the UE1 300 that were assigned for data connection of Data Session ID 1.
[0186] Action 4a: The AN may send a DP deactivation confirmation to the SMF 412 via the CMF 410 to confirm that the AN 402 has received the message DP deactivation response message from the SMF 412. The message may contain the UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, AN resource release confirmation.
[0187] Action 4b: If the CMF 410 receives the DP deactivation confirmation message in action 4a, the CMF 410 forwards this message to the SMF 412.
[0188] When the UE1 301 no longer needs computation offloading in the UE2 302, the UE1 301 may request the UE2 302 to stop computation offloading. When the UE2 302 cannot support computation offloading, the UE2 302 may also inform the UE1 301 to stop the computation offloading.
[0189] Referring to FIG. 12A, UE1 301 is offloading some computation tasks to the UE2 302. The UE1 301 may communicate with the AS 408 via the UE2 302, AN 402 and DPGW 446.
[0190] Action 1a: If the UE2 302 cannot support computation offloading, e.g. due to low battery, and / or insufficient computing resources, the UE2 302 may send a release computation offloading request message to the UE1 301. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE ID 2. · Application ID: indicating the application that the UE1 301 requested computation offloading. · Computation offloading release indication. · Release time: indicating the time the UE2 302 will stop the computation offloading, e.g. in the next 30 seconds. In some implementations, the release time parameter may be omitted. In this case, the computation offloading may be stopped at a pre-configured time, e.g. in the next 20 seconds, or when the UE1 301 sends a confirmation to release the computation offloading. · Cause: indicating the reason for releasing the computation offloading, e.g. UE2 302 low battery, insufficient computing resource, no data packets sent to and / or received from the UE1 301.
[0191] Action 1b: The UE1 301 may send a release computation offloading acknowledgement to the UE2 302 to confirm the receipt of message in action 1a.
[0192] Action 2: In some implementations, the UE1 301 may decide to stop computation offloading to the UE2 302. The cause may be one or more of following: the UE1 301 receives a message from the UE2 302 in action 1a, the UE1 301 no longer needs computation offloading, the application session with the AS 408 completes.
[0193] Action 3: The UE1 300 may send a computation offloading release request message to the UE2 302. The message may include one or more of following parameters: · UE ID 1. · Application ID. · Computation offloading release indication. · Release time: indicating the time the UE2 302 will stop the computation offloading, e.g. in the next 30 seconds. In some implementations, the release time parameter may be omitted. In this case, the computation offloading may be stopped at a pre-configured time, e.g. in the next 20 seconds, or to release the computation offloading immediately. · Cause: one or more of the causes described in action 1a and / or action 2.
[0194] Action 4a: At the release time provided in action 3, the UE2 302 may send to the CMF 410, via the AN 402, a data session release request message. The message may include one or more of following parameters: the UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, release data session indication.
[0195] Action 4b: The CMF 410 may forward the data session release request message to the SMF 412.
[0196] Action 5: The network activates the DP connection of Data Session 1 of UE1 301 if it was deactivated. Additional details of this action are described elsewhere in the present disclosure.
[0197] Action 6a: The SMF 412 may send a DP connection release request message to the DPGW 446. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, DP Session ID 2.
[0198] Action 6b: The DPGW 446 releases all resources assigned to support the data sessions, indicated by one or more of the received parameters carried in the message in action 5a, including UL and DL tunnels connections with the AN 402. The DPGW 446 may send a DP connection release response to the SMF 412 to confirm the release of resources in the DPGW 446.
[0199] Referring now to FIG. 12B, at action 7a: The SMF 412 may send a data session release response message to the CMF 410. The message may include one or more of a CMF data container to be sent to the CMF 410, a UE data container to be sent to the UE2 302, and an AN data container to be sent to the AN 402.
[0200] The UE data container may comprise one or more of following parameters: UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, data session release confirmation.
[0201] The CMF data container may comprise one or more of following parameters: UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, data session release notification.
[0202] The AN data container may comprise one or more of following parameters: UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, data session release request.
[0203] Action 7b: The CMF 410 may send a data session release response message to the AN 402. The message may include one or more of the UE data container to be sent to the UE2 302, and the AN data container.
[0204] Action 7c: The AN 402 may send a data session release response message to the UE2 302. The message may include the UE data container.
[0205] Action 8: The UE2 302 may release all the computing resources to support computation offloading for the UE1 300. The UE2 302 may release the radio resources to support Data Session 2. The UE2 302 may send a computation offloading release response message to the UE1 300 to confirm the release of computation offloading.
[0206] Action 9a: The UE2 302 may send a data session release acknowledgement message to the AN 402 to confirm the release of Data Session 2. The message may include a UE data container comprising one or more of UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, release confirmation.
[0207] Action 9b: The AN 402 may release all the resources, including radio resources and data transmission resources to send and receive data packets from the CN 406. The AN 402 may send a data session release acknowledgement message to the CMF 410. The message may include one or more of the UE data container received from the UE2 302, and an AN data container. The AN data container may comprise one or more of UE ID 2, Data Session ID 2, release confirmation.
[0208] In some implementations, the AN 402 may send two data session release acknowledgement messages to the CMF 410, one may carry the UE data container, and the other carry the AN data container.
[0209] Action 9c: The CMF 410 receives the data session release acknowledgement message (s) . The CMF 410 may send data session release acknowledgement message (s) to the SMF 412. The message may comprise the UE data container and AN data container. The CMF 410 may remove all the context data of Data Session 2 of UE2 302.
[0210] After receiving the data session release acknowledgement message (s) , the SMF may remove all the context data of Data Session 2 of UE2 302.
[0211] Action 10: The DPGW 446 may report the data usage of Data Session 2 of UE2 302. The data usage report may be sent to the SMF 412, PF 418, or a charging function. The message may include one or more of the following parameters: UE ID 2, connection time (e.g. start time and end time) , data consumption (e.g., 10 Gigabytes) , AS information, and application information.
[0212] In some implementations, action 10 may be performed between actions 6a and 6b.
[0213] Action 11: The UE1 300 may continue communicating with the AS 408 via the AN 402 and DPGW 446. The DPGW 446 forwards DL data packets of UE1 300 to a DL tunnel 1 of Data Session 1 of UE1 300 connecting with the AN 402.
[0214] At action 5 shown in FIG. 12A, if the DP connection of Data Session 1 of UE1 300 was deactivated, the network may activate the DP connection of Data Session 1 of UE1 300 so that the UE1 300 may continue to communicate with the AS without interruption. Details of action 5 of FIG. 12A are illustrated in FIG. 13.
[0215] Referring to FIG. 13, at action 1a: The UE1 300 may send a DP activation request message to the SMF 412 via one or more of the AN 402, CMF 410, and SMF 412. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE1 300 ID, Data Session ID 1, DP connection activation indication.
[0216] Action 1b: The SMF 412 may decide to activate the DP connection of Data Session 1 of UE1 301. The cause may be one or more of following triggers: (1) the SMF 412 receives the UE1 300 request in Action 1a; (2) the SMF 412 receives a Data Session Release request from the UE2 302 to release the Data Session 2 that supports the computation offloading for the UE1 300.
[0217] Action 2a: The SMF 412 may send a DP modification request message to the DPGW. The message may include one of more of following parameters: · UE1 300 ID. · Data Session ID 1. · DP Session ID 1: to identify the communication between the SMF 412 and DPGW 446 to support the existing data session of UE1 301, which is represented by Data Session ID 1. · QoS parameters. · DL packet filter set to detect DL packets to be sent to UE1 300.
[0218] Action 2b: The DPGW 446 may establish resources to support Data Session 1 of UE1 300. The DPGW 446 may assign UL tunnel information for Data Session 1 of UE1 300: IP address, port number, DL TEID. The DPGW 446 may send a DP modification response to the SMF 412. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, DP Session ID 1, UL tunnel information. The AN 402 will send UL packets of UE1 300 to the UL tunnel of Data Session 1.
[0219] Action 3: The SMF 412 may send a DP activation request message to the CMF 410. The message may have 3 data containers, each for the CMF 410, AN 402 and UE2 302.
[0220] A CMF data container: may include one or more of following parameters: Data Session ID 1, DP activate indication.
[0221] An AN data container may include one or more of the following parameters: UE1 300 ID, Data Session ID 1, AN QoS parameters for Data Session 1 of UE1 300.
[0222] A UE data container for UE1 may include one or more of following parameters: Data Session ID 1, DP activation indication to indicate that the DP connection of Data Session 1 of UE1 is activated, and UE1 300 QoS parameters.
[0223] Action 4: The CMF 410 receives the message in action 3. The CMF 410 may store the data carried in the CMF data container. The CMF 410 may send an AN DP establishment request message to the AN 402. The message may include the AN data container and the UE data container received from the SMF 412.
[0224] Action 5: After receiving the message in action 4, the AN 402 may establish data connection over the air interface with the UE1 301.
[0225] The AN 402 may send the UE data container received in action 4 to the UE1 300.
[0226] The UE1 300 may send a UE DP activation response message to the AN 402. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID 1, Data Session 1, DP activation confirmation.
[0227] Action 6: The AN 402 may send an AN DP establishment response to the CMF 410. The message may include one or more of an AN DP activation response message and the UE DP activation response message received from the UE1 300 in action 5. The AN DP activation response message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, AN DP activation confirmation, DL tunnel information.
[0228] Action 7: The CMF 410 may send a DP activation response to the SMF 412. The message may include one or more of the AN DP activation response message and the UE DP activation response message. Upon receiving this message, the SMF 412 may consider the UE1 300 and AN 402 to have activated DP connection for the Data Session 1.
[0229] Action 8a: The SMF 412 may send a DP modification request message to the DPGW 446. The message may include one or more of following parameters: UE ID 1, Data Session ID 1, DP Session ID 1, DL tunnel information.
[0230] Action 8b: The DPGW 446 may send a DP modification response message to the SMF to acknowledge the receipt of message in action 8a.
[0231] Although a combination of features is shown in the illustrated embodiments, not all of them need to be combined to realize the benefits of various embodiments of this disclosure. In other words, a system or method designed according to an embodiment of this disclosure will not necessarily include all features shown in any one of the Figures or all portions schematically shown in the Figures. Moreover, selected features of one example embodiment may be combined with selected features of other example embodiments.
[0232] The word “a” or “an” when used in conjunction with the term “comprising” or “including” in the claims and / or the specification may mean “one” , but it is also consistent with the meaning of “one or more” , “at least one” , and “one or more than one” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. Similarly, the word “another” may mean at least a second or more unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.
[0233] The terms “coupled” , “coupling” or “connected” as used herein can have several different meanings depending on the context in which these terms are used. For example, as used herein, the terms coupled, coupling, or connected can indicate that two elements or devices are directly connected to one another or connected to one another through one or more intermediate elements or devices via a mechanical element depending on the particular context. The term “and / or” herein when used in association with a list of items means any one or more of the items comprising that list.
[0234] Through the descriptions of the preceding embodiments, the present invention may be implemented by using hardware only or by using software and a necessary universal hardware platform. Based on such understandings, the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product. The software product may be stored in a non-volatile or non-transitory storage medium, which can be a compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM) , USB flash disk, or a removable hard disk. The software product includes a number of instructions that enable a computer device (personal computer, server, or network device) to execute the methods provided in the embodiments of the present invention. For example, such an execution may correspond to a simulation of the logical operations as described herein. The software product may additionally or alternatively include number of instructions that enable a computer device to execute operations for configuring or programming a digital logic apparatus in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.
[0235] Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific features and embodiments thereof, it is evident that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the invention. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded simply as an illustration of the invention as defined by the appended claims, and are contemplated to cover any and all modifications, variations, combinations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A method comprising:at a first user equipment (FUE) :receiving, from a second user equipment (SUE) running an application and having a data session that connects the SUE with a data service associated with the application, the data session being supported by a network:a first request, the first request being for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE, the computation operations being associated with the application running on the SUE, the data session that connects the SUE with the data service being a first data session,the first request including information on the application running on the SUE and information on the first data session;andproviding, to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE is granted.2.The method of claim 1, wherein the request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE is a first request, the method further comprising:at the FUE:in accordance with the first request, providing, to the network, a second request, the second request being for establishing a data session to provide a data connection between the FUE and the data service, the data session to provide the data connection between the FUE and the data service being a second data session,the second request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session.3.The method of claim 2, wherein:the information on the application running on the SUE includes an identifier (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, andthe information on the first data session includes an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.4.The method of claim 3, wherein:the data service is hosted at a network device coupled to the network, andthe ID of the data service includes an IP address of the network device.5.The method of claim 4, wherein:the data service is provided by a network function, andthe ID of the data service includes an ID of the network function.6.A method comprising:at a connection management function (CMF) of a core network, the core network supporting a data session that connects a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data service being associated with an application running on the FUE, the data session that connects the FUE and the data service being a first data session,receiving, from a second user equipment (SUE) , a first request, the first request being for establishing a data session to connect the SUE with the data service, the data session to connect the SUE with the data service being a second data session,the first request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations associated with the application,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session;providing, to a session management function (SMF) , the first request; andproviding, to an access network coupled to the core network and to the FUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.7.The method of claim 6, further comprising:at the CMF:providing, to the FUE, a second request, the second request being for verification that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; andobtaining, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.8.The method of claim 7, wherein the CMF is a first CMF, the method further comprising:identifying a second CMF,the providing, to the FUE, the second request including providing the second request to the second CMF for the second CMF to provide the second request to the FUE,the obtaining, from the FUE, the confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE including the second CMF obtaining the confirmation and providing the confirmation to the first CMF.9.The method of claim 6, wherein:the information on the application running on the SUE includes an identification (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, andthe information on the first data session includes an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.10.The method of claim 9, wherein:the data service is hosted on a network device coupled to the core network, andthe ID of the data service includes an IP address of the network device.11.The method of claim 9, wherein:the data service is provided by a network function, andthe ID of the data service includes an ID of the network function.12.The method of any one of claims 9 to 11, further comprising:at the CMF,selecting a session management function (SMF) to establish and manage the second data session, to obtain a selected SMF; andsending, to the SMF, a request to establish the second data session.13.The method of claim 12, wherein the CMF selecting the SMF to establish the second data session includes the CMF selecting the SMF in accordance with at least one of:the ID of the first data session and the ID of the FUE; andan ID of the FUE.14.The method of claim 13, wherein the selected SMF also manages the first data session.15.A method, comprising:at a session management function (SMF) of a network, the network supporting a data session between a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data session between the FUE and the data service being a first data session,obtaining, from a second user equipment (SUE) a request to establish a data session between the SUE and the data service, the data session between the SUE and the data service being a second data session,the request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations on behalf of the FUE,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session;providing, to a connection management function (CMF) of the network, the CMF being coupled to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.16.The method of claim 15, wherein the confirmation message includes:a CMF data container containing at least one of:an identification (ID) of the first data session;an ID of the second data session;an indication to associate the first data session of the FUE to the second data session of the SUE; andan indication that the request to establish the second data session is accepted;an access network (AN) data container containing at least one of:the ID of the second data session; andAN quality-of-service (QoS) parameters for the second data session;anda UE data container containing at least one of:the ID of the second data session;the indication that the request to establish the second data session is accepted; andUE QoS parameters.17.The method of claim 15, further comprising:at the SMF:providing, to the FUE, a request to verify that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; andobtaining, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.18.A method of establishing a new data session between a first user equipment (FUE) and a data service, the data service being supported by a network, the method comprising:at a session management function (SMF) instantiated in the network:providing, to a data management function (DMF) instantiated in the network, a request for subscription data of the FUE, the request for the subscription data of the FUE comprising:an identifier (ID) of the FUE;an ID of a second user equipment (SUE) , the SUE having an existing data session with the data service, the existing data session being a first data session, the new data session being a second data session; andan indication that the second data session is for offloading computations from the SUE to the FUE; andreceiving, from the DMF, the subscription data of the FUE.19.The method of claim 18, further comprising:at the SMF:instructing a data plane gateway (DPGW) instantiated in the network to, when the DPGW receives packets from the FUE and when the packets received from the FUE have a source address indicative of the FUE:modify the source address of the packets received from the FUE to be indicative of the SUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service.20.The method of claim 18, further comprising:at the SMF:instructing a data plane gateway (DPGW) instantiated in the network to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the SUE:replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the FUE.21.The method of claim 20, further comprising:at the DPGW:obtaining, from the SMF a request to establish the new data session.22.The method of claim 21, wherein, obtaining, from the SMF, the request to establish the new data session is preceded by the FUE notifying the SUE that the new data session is ready to be activated.23.The method of claim 22, further comprising:at the DPGW:obtaining, from the SMF, a request to deactivate a data plane connection between the SUE and the data service;deactivating the data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; andnotifying the SMF that the data plane connection between the SUE the data service has been deactivated.24.The method of claim 22, further comprising:at the DPGW:subsequent an occurrence of a termination event, receiving, from the SMF, a request to release the second data session;receiving, from the SMF, instructions to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the FUE:modify the source address of the packets received from the SUE to be indicative of the FUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service;replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the SUE.25.The method of claim 24, wherein the termination event includes at least one of:an application session of the SUE is terminated;the SUE no longer requires computation off-loading; andthe FUE can no longer perform computations off-loaded by the SUE.26.A first user equipment (FUE) comprising:a receiver;a transmitter;a processor coupled to the receiver and to the transmitter;a computer-readable medium having recorded thereon instructions to be carried out by the processor to cause the FUE to:receive, at the receiver, from a second user equipment (SUE) running an application having a data session that connects the SUE with a data service associated with the application, the data session being supported by a network:a first request, the first request being for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE, the computation operations being associated with the application running on the SUE, the data session that connects the SUE with the data service being a first data session,the first request including information on the application running on the SUE and information on the first data session;andprovide, using the transmitter, to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the request for offloading computation operations from the SUE to the FUE is granted.27.The FUE of claim 26, wherein the instructions to be carried out by the processor are also to cause the FUE to:in accordance with the first request, provide, to the network, a second request, the second request being for establishing a data session to provide a data connection between the FUE and the data service, the data session that provides the data connection between the FUE and the data service being a second data session,the second request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session.28.The FUE of claim 27, wherein:the information on the application running on the SUE includes an identifier (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, andthe information on the first data session includes an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.29.The FUE of claim 28, wherein:the data service is hosted on a network device coupled to the network, andthe ID of the data service includes an IP address of the network device.30.The FUE of claim 28, wherein:the data service is provided by a network function, andthe ID of the data service includes an ID of the network function.31.A system comprising:a first user equipment (FUE) ;a second user equipment (SUE) ; anda core network, the core network having a connection management function (CMF) and a session management function (SMF) , the core network supporting a data session that connects the FUE and a data service, the data service being associated with an application running on the FUE, the data session that connects the FUE and the data service being a first data session, the CMF being configured to:receive, from the SUE, a first request, the first request being for establishing a data session to connect the SUE with the data service, the data session to connect the SUE with the data service being a second data session,the first request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations associated with the application,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session;provide, to the session management function (SMF) , the first request; andprovide, to an access network coupled to the core network and to the FUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.32.The system of claim 31, wherein the CMF is configured to:provide, to the FUE, a second request, the second request being for verification that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; andobtain, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.33.The system of claim 32, wherein the CMF is a first CMF, the core network further comprising:a second CMF,the first CMF being configured to provide the second request to the second CMF for the second CMF to provide the second request to the FUE,the first CMF being configured to obtain, from the FUE, the confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE including the second CMF being configured to obtain the confirmation and to provide the confirmation to the first CMF.34.The system of claim 31, wherein:the information on the application running on the SUE includes an identification (ID) of the application and an ID of the data service, andthe information on the first data session includes an ID of the first data session, a quality-of-service (QoS) of the first data session, an internet protocol (IP) address of the FUE.35.The system of claim 34, further comprising a network device coupled to the core network, wherein:the data service is hosted on the network device, andthe ID of the data service includes an IP address of the network device.36.The system of claim 34, wherein:the data service is provided by a network function of the core network, andthe ID of the data service includes an ID of the network function.37.The system of any one of claims 34 to 36, wherein the SMF is a first SMF and the CMF is configured to:select a second SMF to establish and manage the second data session, to obtain a selected SMF; andsend, to the second SMF, a request to establish the second data session.38.The system of claim 37, wherein the CMF is configured to:select the second SMF in accordance with at least one of:the ID of the first data session and the ID of the FUE; andan ID of the FUE.39.The system of claim 38, wherein the second SMF is the same as the first SMF.40.A system, comprising:a first user equipment (FUE) ;a second user equipment (SUE) ;a core network, the core network having a session management function (SMF) and a connection management function (CMF) , the core network supporting a data session that connects the FUE with a data service, the data session that connects the FUE with the data service being a first data session, the SMF being configured to:obtain, from the SUE a request to establish a data session to provide a data connection between the SUE and the data service, the data session to provide the data connection between the SUE and the data service being a second data session,the request including:a type of data session of the second data session, the type being a computation offloading type, the computation offloading type indicating that the request includes having the SUE perform computations on behalf of the FUE,information of the application running on the SUE, andinformation of the first data session;provide, to the CMF, the CMF being coupled to the SUE, a confirmation message confirming the second data session is granted.41.The system of claim 40, wherein the SMF is configured to:provide, to the FUE, a request to verify that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE; andobtain, from the FUE, confirmation that the SUE is authorized to perform computations on behalf of the FUE.42.A system, comprising:a first user equipment (FUE) ;a second user equipment (SUE) ; anda core network, the core network having a session management function (SMF) and a data management function (DMF) , the core network supporting a data service, the SMF being configured to:provide, to the DMF, a request for subscription data of the FUE, the request for the subscription data of the FUE comprising:an identifier (ID) of the FUE;an ID of a second user equipment (SUE) , the SUE having an existing data session with the data service, the existing data session being a first data session, the new data session being a second data session; andan indication that the second data session is for offloading computations from the SUE to the FUE; andreceive, from the DMF, the subscription data of the FUE.43.The system of claim 42, wherein the core network has a data plane gateway (DPGW) , the SMF being configured to:instruct the DPGW to, when the DPGW receives packets from the FUE and when the packets received from the FUE have a source address indicative of the FUE:modify the source address of the packets received from the FUE to be indicative of the SUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service.44.The system of claim 42, wherein the core network has a data plane gateway (DPGW) , the SMF being configured to:instruct the DPGW, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the SUE:replace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the FUE.45.The system of claim 44, wherein the DPGW is configured to:obtain, from the SMF, a request to establish the new data session.46.The system of claim 45, wherein the FUE is configured to notify the SUE that the new data session is ready to be activated.47.The system of claim 46, wherein the DPGW is configured to:obtain, from the SMF, a request to deactivate a data plane connection between the SUE and the data service;deactivate the data plane connection between the SUE and the data service; andnotify the SUE that the data plane connection between the SUE the data service has been deactivated.48.The system of claim 47, wherein the DPGW is configured to:subsequent an occurrence of a termination event, receive, from the SMF, a request to release the second data session;receive, from the SMF, instructions to, when the DPGW receives packets from the data service with a destination address being that of the FUE:modify the source address of the packets received from the SUE to be indicative of the FUE, to obtain modified packets, the DPGW being configured to provide the modified packets to the data service; andreplace the destination address of the packets received from the data service with a destination address indicative of the SUE.49.The system of claim 48, wherein the termination event includes at least one of:an extended reality session of the SUE is terminated;the SUE no longer requires computation off-loading; andthe FUE can no longer perform computations off-loaded by the SUE.50.A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 25.51.A computer program product storing instructions which, when executed, cause an apparatus to perform the method of any one of claims 1 to 25.
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