Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

Abstract

A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by comprising: a reception unit that receives a setting relating to a sensing channel state information (CSI) resource for bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station (BS1-to-BS2); and a control unit that determines not to transmit a UL signal on a sensing CSI-reference signal (RS) resource set in the setting relating to the sensing CSI resource. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, sensing quality and communication quality can be improved.

Description

Terminal, wireless communication method, and base station

[0001] This disclosure relates to terminals, wireless communication methods, and base stations in next-generation mobile communication systems.

[0002] In the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) network, Long Term Evolution (LTE) was specified with the aim of achieving even higher data rates and lower latency (Non-Patent Literature 1). Furthermore, LTE-Advanced (3GPP Rel. 10-14) was specified with the aim of further increasing the capacity and sophistication of LTE (Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP®) Release (Rel.) 8, 9).

[0003] Successor systems to LTE (for example, 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G+ (plus), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), New Radio (NR), 3GPP Rel. 15 and later) are also being considered.

[0004] 3GPP TS 36.300 V8.12.0 “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) and Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Overall description; Stage 2 (Release 8)”, April 2010

[0005] In future wireless communication systems, the use of wireless sensing for target detection, estimation, and tracking is being considered.

[0006] However, in bistatic sensing from base station (BS) to BS, BS2 (sensing receiver) may experience interference between the sensing signal from BS1 (sensing transmitter) and the communication signal (UL signal) from the UE within the BS2 cell. In this case, the sensing quality / communication quality may be degraded.

[0007] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve sensing quality / communication quality.

[0008] A terminal according to one aspect of the present disclosure is characterized by having a receiving unit that receives settings for sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resources for (BS1-to-BS2) bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station, and a control unit that decides not to transmit a UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource.

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, sensing quality / communication quality can be improved.

[0010] Figures 1A and 1B show examples of monostatic sensing scenarios in BS or UE. Figures 2A and 2B show examples of bistatic sensing scenarios between BS or between UEs. Figures 3A and 3B show examples of bistatic sensing scenarios between BS and UE or between UEs. Figure 4 shows an example of the timing of Doppler CSI measurement / reporting. Figure 5 shows an example of parameters for sensing burst measurement. Figure 6 shows an example of CSI reporting settings and CSI resource settings in the first embodiment. Figure 7 shows the sensing performance and integration level of Methods 1 to 5. Figure 8 shows the relationship of each setting information in Embodiment 1-1. Figure 9 shows the relationship of each setting information in Embodiment 1-2. Figure 10 shows the relationship of each setting information in Embodiments 1-3-1 and 1-3-2. Figure 11 shows the relationship of each setting in Embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 (1-3-1, 1-3-2). Figure 12 shows an example use case for a CSI report and resource configuration specialized for sensing. Figure 13 shows a first example of a sensing CSI-RS resource in Embodiment 2-1. Figure 14 shows a second example of a sensing CSI-RS resource in Embodiment 2-1. Figure 15A shows an example of CSI-RS configuration for Doppler CSI Rel. 18. Figure 15B shows an example of heterogeneous resources by muting pattern. Figure 16 shows an example of dissimilar resource patterns. Figure 17 shows an example of one sensing CSI-RS burst containing two CSI-RS resource sets (subbursts). Figure 18 shows an example configuration of a third embodiment. Figure 19 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. Figure 20 shows an example of a base station configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 21 shows an example of a user terminal configuration according to one embodiment. Figure 22 shows an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. Figure 23 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment.

[0011] The motivation for integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) is to achieve high sensing performance and novel / enhanced services by using various frequencies and cellular network equipment, and to optimize network parameters by analyzing real-time sensing data. Use cases and potential requirements for extending 5G systems to provide sensing services to address multiple different target industries / applications are being considered, and some use cases may include non-3GPP type (non-wireless communication type) sensors (e.g., radar, cameras).

[0012] For example, Use Case 1 is sensing for traffic management in tourist areas. For example, Use Case 2 is intruder detection in a smart home environment.

[0013] ISAC (Information-Assisted Communication) is being considered, specifically sensing-assisted communication and communication-assisted sensing. Sensing-assisted communication includes sensing-assisted beam management and sensing-assisted resource allocation. Communication-assisted sensing includes network sensing and coordinated sensing. To realize these, waveforms, beamforming, artificial intelligence (AI) / deep learning (DL) operating radio access technology (RAT), frame structure, and reference signals are being considered. In addition, shared spectrum, hardware, and algorithms for ISAC, such as higher frequency bands, larger antenna arrays, and similar signal processing algorithms for communication and sensing, are being considered.

[0014] In ISAC, challenges include unified waveforms that simultaneously satisfy the requirements of communication (e.g., OFDM signals) and sensing (e.g., chirp signals), ISAC beamforming that simultaneously achieves communication (e.g., transmitted signals, received signals), sensing (e.g., echo signals, transmitted signals, reflected signals), and interference suppression between them, and CSI mining by AI, which extracts sensing information from channel information of communication (e.g., UL transmitted signals) and radar (e.g., DL radar signals) using an AI / DL network.

[0015] Based on whether the communication and radar (sensing) systems share hardware / bands, three types of radar and communication systems are considered. These three types are independent radar and communication systems (independent systems), joint radar and communication systems (joint systems), and integrated radar and communication systems (integrated systems). The following discussion will focus on ISAC systems, where hardware and bands are shared between the radar and communication systems.

[0016] (Wireless Sensing) Wireless sensing based on communication radio waves is a key means of enabling the prospect of 6G cyber-physical systems (CPS). ISAC can be realized by 5G-advanced(A) and 6G, with the development of higher frequencies and wider bandwidths. The design of ISAC waveforms and sensing reference signals (RS) is a key technology for realizing wireless sensing.

[0017] Use cases for ISAC include the metaverse, high altitude platform station (HAPS) sensing, and crowd estimation. HAPS can be an aircraft at an altitude of around 20 km and can be used in non-terrestrial networks (NTN).

[0018] HAPS sensing enables ultra-remote distance sensing using echo signals, based on the support of communication functions. Considering that the sensing distance depends on the intensity of the echo signal, extremely low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) sensing or sensing sequence is required to improve the SNR of the echo signal under given transmit power.

[0019] (Sensing Modes / Methods) Conventional communication systems include communication between one BS (base station, gNB) and one UE, and joint transmission between multiple BS and one UE. Conventional radar systems include monostatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and that radar receives echoes from the sensing target, and bistatic / multistatic radar, where one radar transmits a radar signal and one or more radars receive echoes from the sensing target.

[0020] An independent system uses separate hardware and separate frequency bands for radar and communications. The separate hardware may be installed in the same location or in separate locations.

[0021] A joint system uses the same hardware for radar and communications, but with separate frequency bands.

[0022] A unified system uses the same hardware and the same frequency band for radar and communications.

[0023] Sensing in the ISAC system can be realized by any of the following sensing methods. ◇Monostatic sensing: Monostatic sensing that uses the idea of a monostatic radar. This sensing method requires one BS or one UE and performs sensing using an echo signal. In this sensing method, there is no cooperation between BS-BS, UE-UE, or BS-UE. Use cases for this sensing method are, for example, imaging using terahertz. ◇Bistatic / multistatic sensing: Bistatic / multistatic sensing that uses a bistatic radar / multistatic radar. This sensing method requires two or more BSs or two or more UEs and performs sensing using a reflected signal. Use cases for this sensing method are, for example, positioning. ◇UE-assisted sensing: UE-assisted sensing that uses the idea of NR positioning. This sensing method requires a BS and a UE and performs sensing using communication (UL / DL) signals. In this sensing method, the existing 5G NR framework operates. In this sensing method, a UE is required, and both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) sensing require high computational complexity. Use cases for this sensing method are, for example, breath monitoring.

[0024] [Monostatic sensing] This sensing method includes the sensing methods of BS (gNB) monostatic sensing (Figure 1A) and UE monostatic sensing (Figure 1B).

[0025] Scenarios suitable for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇ The sensing target is near the BS / UE for sensing, and a high or medium SNR of the echo signal is required. ◇ The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0026] The requirements for capabilities for monostatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇ High capabilities are required for full duplex in the BS or UE.

[0027] The performance of monostatic sensing has the following characteristics. ◇ By not using quantization, the accuracy is high. ◇ The accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◇ The latency is short.

[0028] 〔Bistatic Sensing / Multistatic Sensing〕 This sensing method includes sensing methods of bistatic sensing from BS to BS (gNB - gNB, BS - BS, BS1 - BS2, gNB-to-gNB, gNB1-to-gNB2) (Fig. 2A), bistatic sensing from UE to BS (UE - gNB, UE - BS, UE-to-gNB) (Fig. 2B), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (gNB - UE, BS - UE, gNB-to-UE) (Fig. 3A), and bistatic sensing from UE to UE (UE - UE, UE1 - UE2, UE-to-UE, UE1-to-UE2) (Fig. 3B).

[0029] Scenarios suitable for BS - BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇ Tight synchronization and cooperation between BSs are required, and scheduling coordination between multiple BSs is required. ◇ The target may not have communication capabilities.

[0030] The requirements for capabilities for BS - BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics. ◇ Due to half duplex, low capabilities can be achieved. ◇ High capabilities are required for synchronization between BSs.

[0031] The performance of BS-BS bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ Accuracy is high because quantization is not used. ◇ Accuracy is related to the SNR of the echo signal. ◇ Latency is moderate.

[0032] Scenarios suitable for UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ It is necessary that there are communication UEs around the target.

[0033] The capability requirements for UE-BS bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ It can be implemented even with low capability due to its half-duplex nature. ◇ High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0034] The capability requirements for BS-UE bistatic sensing and UE-UE bistatic sensing have the following characteristics: ◇ Because it is half-duplex, it can be implemented even with low capability. ◇ The UE requires sufficient computing resources and high accuracy in detecting reflected signals. ◇ High UE positioning accuracy is required.

[0035] The performance of UE-BS bistatic sensing, BS-UE bistatic sensing, and UE-UE bistatic sensing has the following characteristics: ◇ Accuracy is moderate due to quantization of the feedback value. ◇ Accuracy is related to the placed resource and UE position. ◇ Latency is long.

[0036] In the embodiments described later, the following scenarios and assumptions may be used: ◇ In the ISAC scenario, communication and sensing functions are required. ◇ For low complexity and backward compatibility, TDD (half-duplex) may be assumed instead of full-duplex in BS and UE.

[0037] In a TDD-based ISAC system, it is preferable that the sensing signal and the reflection / echo signal are transmitted and received in different time resources. For example, in BS-based sensing including monostatic BS sensing and bistatic sensing from BS1 to BS2, it is preferable that the sensing signal is transmitted in DL time resources and the reflection / echo signal is received in UL time resources. For example, in UE-based sensing including monostatic UE sensing and bistatic sensing from UE1 to UE2, it is preferable that the sensing signal is transmitted in UL time resources and the reflection / echo signal is received in DL time resources. In bistatic sensing from BS to UE, it is preferable that DL time resources are used for sensing. In bistatic sensing from UE to DL, it is preferable that UL time resources are used for sensing.

[0038] (CSI report or reporting) In NR, a terminal (also called a user terminal, User Equipment (UE), etc.) generates (also called determining, calculating, estimating, measuring, etc.) Channel State Information (CSI) based on a Reference Signal (RS) (or a resource for said RS), and transmits (also called reporting, feedback, etc.) the generated CSI to the network (e.g., a base station). The CSI may be transmitted to the base station using, for example, an uplink control channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)) or an uplink shared channel (e.g., a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)).

[0039] The RS used to generate the CSI may be at least one of the following: Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Synchronization Signal / Physical Broadcast Channel (SS / PBCH) block, Synchronization Signal (SS), or Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS).

[0040] The CSI-RS may include at least one of Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS and CSI-Interference Management (CSI-IM). The SS / PBCH block is a block that includes SS and PBCH (and corresponding DMRS), and may be called an SS block (SSB), etc. The SS may also include at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS).

[0041] Furthermore, CSI may include at least one of the following: Channel Quality Indicator (CQI), Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI), SS / PBCH Block Resource Indicator (SSBRI), Layer Indicator (LI), Rank Indicator (RI), L1-RSRP (Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power), L1-RSRQ (Reference Signal Received Quality), L1-SINR (Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio), L1-SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio).

[0042] The UE may receive information regarding CSI reporting (report configuration information) and control CSI reporting based on said report configuration information. Such report configuration information may be, for example, the "CSI-ReportConfig" information element (IE) of Radio Resource Control (RRC). In this disclosure, RRC IE may be interpreted interchangeably with RRC parameters, higher-layer parameters, etc.

[0043] The reporting configuration information (for example, "CSI-ReportConfig" in RRC IE) may include, for example, at least one of the following: • Information about the type of CSI report (report type information, for example, "reportConfigType" in RRC IE) • Information about one or more quantities (one or more CSI parameters) of CSI to be reported (report quantity information, for example, "reportQuantity" in RRC IE) • Information about the RS resources used to generate the quantity (the CSI parameter) (resource information, for example, "CSI-ResourceConfigId" in RRC IE) • Information about the frequency domain to which the CSI report is applied (frequency domain information, for example, "reportFreqConfiguration" in RRC IE)

[0044] For example, the reporting type information may indicate a periodic CSI (P-CSI) report, an aperiodic CSI (A-CSI) report, or a semi-persistent CSI (SP-CSI) report.

[0045] Furthermore, the reported quantity information may specify at least one combination of the above-mentioned CSI parameters (e.g., CRI, RI, PMI, CQI, LI, L1-RSRP, etc.).

[0046] Furthermore, the resource information may also be the ID of the RS resource. The RS resource may include, for example, a non-zero power CSI-RS resource or SSB and a CSI-IM resource (for example, a zero-power CSI-RS resource).

[0047] Furthermore, frequency domain information may indicate the frequency granularity of the CSI report. This frequency granularity may include, for example, wideband and subband. The wideband is the entire CSI reporting band. The wideband may be, for example, the entire carrier (component carrier (CC), cell, serving cell) or the entire bandwidth part (BWP) within a carrier. The wideband may also be referred to as the CSI reporting band, the entire CSI reporting band, etc.

[0048] Furthermore, a subband may be part of the wideband and may consist of one or more resource blocks (Resource Blocks (RBs) or Physical Resource Blocks (PRBs)). The size of the subband may be determined according to the size of the BWP (number of PRBs).

[0049] (Doppler CSI / Type 2 Codebook) The use of time-domain correlation / Doppler-domain (DD) information is being explored to extend and improve the capabilities of CSI reporting for fast / medium-speed moving UEs. For example, improvements to the Rel. 16 / 17 Type 2 codebook without altering the spatial domain basis and frequency domain basis are being considered, as well as reporting time-domain channel properties (TDCP) measured via tracking RS (TRS) from UEs.

[0050] The channel coherent time (CCT) depends on the maximum Doppler shift. Channel coherent time is the time during which the measured channel characteristics are available, or the time until the measured channel characteristics become unavailable (channel aging). The maximum Doppler shift is estimated by the relative velocity between the transmitter and receiver. c is 1 / Δf max It is approximated by Δf max =v / λ. As the UE's movement speed increases, the channel coherence time decreases. For example, at a carrier frequency of 4.5 GHz, when the movement speed exceeds approximately 25 km / h, the channel coherence time falls below 10 ms. The problem then becomes how to deal with such high movement speeds and short channel coherence times.

[0051] TRS is supported to track Doppler shift. However, TRS has the following problems: - The number of ports per CSI-RS resource set is limited to one. Each CSI-RS resource uses a single port. - The configurable period is 10ms or longer. - CSI reporting for TRS is not assumed. There is no reporting setting for P-TRS. Reporting can be set, but the report quantity can only be set to none ('none'). A maximum of 16 CSI-RS resources are used per CSI-RS resource set.

[0052] TRS (Time-Resistance Systems) are deployed in time-domain and frequency-domain resources. To measure the effects of Doppler shift, multiple time-domain RSs are required within a specific frequency-domain resource.

[0053] CMR can be used to measure the effects of Doppler shift. However, the RS used for measurement depends on the UE implementation.

[0054] Information regarding Doppler shift is not supported in the CSI report. Information for determining W=W1W2 is reported by the UE via the CSI Codebook (PMI), where W1 is the wideband characteristic and represents the spatial beam, and W2 is the subband characteristic and represents the amplitude / phase coefficient for each spatial beam.

[0055] Regarding the measurement of Doppler shift, two cases are possible: Case 1, where the UE performs the measurement based on CSI-RS, and Case 2, where the base station performs the measurement based on SRS. Regarding the determination of the effect of Doppler shift, three cases are possible: Case 1-1, where the UE makes the determination based on the CSI-RS measurement results; Case 1-2, where the base station makes the determination based on the CSI-RS measurement results reported by the UE; and Case 2-1, where the base station makes the determination based on the SRS measurement results.

[0056] CSI-RS measurement windows and CSI reporting windows are being considered. Within a CSI-RS measurement window, one or more CSI-RS occasions may be measured. The reported CSI may be associated with a CSI reporting window.

[0057] Assuming a CSI report within slot n, the length of the Doppler domain (DD) / time domain (TD) basis vector (DFT basis vector) (number of basis vectors for DD / TD) may be N4. Slot [k, k+W meas Within the CSI measurement window of -1], one or more CSI occasions for calculating the CSI report may be measured. Here, k may be a slot index, and W meas This may be the measurement window length (number of slots). CSI occasions may be set within CSI-ReportConfig. Slots [l, l+W CSI The CSI reporting window of -1] may be associated with the CSI report in slot n, where l may be the slot index, and W CSI This may be the reporting window length (number of slots). The location of the CSI reference resource is n refIt may be expressed as

[0058] The duration W of the CSI report window CSI = dN4. d and N4 are determined by the CMR setting. The start point of the CSI report window is slot l. l = (n - N CSI,ref ) may be used. l = (n + δ) may be used. δ = {0, 2} may be used, or δ = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5} may be used. The d slot may be the duration of the DD unit.

[0059] When UE side prediction is assumed, the UE is supported to predict the CSI / channel after slot l, and the position of slot l (from multiple candidate values) is set by the base station via upper layer signaling. Multiple candidates for the slot l position include the existing CSI reference resource positions (n - N CSI,ref ) and (n + δ). Here, δ > 0. The existing CSI reference resource in the existing operation, that is, (n - N CSI,ref ) is reused to indicate the position of the last CSI-RS occasion used for CSI reporting.

[0060] The parameters N4, d, δ (delta) may be set by the base station via upper layer signaling. N4 may indicate the number of slots to be reported. d may indicate the interval (slots) of the CSI-RS to be predicted. δ (delta) may indicate the offset from the report (the period from the CSI report timing to the prediction timing). Regarding the parameter δ, an additional value 2 is supported.

[0061] When N4 = 1, the DD basis may be the same (identity). There may be no DD compression.

[0062] When N4 > 1, the Doppler domain orthogonal DFT basis may be commonly selected for all SD / FD bases.

[0063] Only Q > 1 indicating the number of selected Doppler domain (DD) basis vectors is allowed. The detailed design of the SD / FD basis including the associated UCI parameters follows the existing specifications.

[0064] Figure 4 shows an example of the timing of Doppler CSI measurement / reporting. The CSI report in slot n (based on CMR measurement and CSI prediction) includes CSI information within the CSI reporting window. After multiple CMRs, slot (nN) CSI,ref ) may also be called a CSI reference slot (CSI reference resource). The UE sends a CSI report in slot n. The CSI report window after the CSI report is from slot (n+δ) to W CSI It spans the slots.

[0065] For the enhanced Type II codebook for predicted PMI (Rel. 18 Type II CSI for predicted PMI), the UE may set the upper layer parameter codebookType to 'typeII-Doppler-r18'. For the further enhanced Type II port selection codebook for predicted PMI (Rel. 18 Type II PS CSI for predicted PMI), the UE may set the upper layer parameter codebookType to 'typeII-Doppler-PortSelection-r18'.

[0066] In this disclosure, the following terms may be interpreted interchangeably: Doppler codebook, Doppler type 2 codebook, extended type 2 codebook for predictive PMI, Rel. 18 type 2 CSI codebook for predictive PMI, typeII-Doppler-r18, additional extended type 2 PS codebook for predictive PMI, Rel. 18 type 2 PS codebook for predictive PMI, typeII-Doppler-PortSelection-r18.

[0067] For a UE with a CSI reporting setting configured with the upper layer parameter N4 and reportQuantity set to 'cri-RI-PMI-CQI', it is expected that the resource set for channel measurement will consist of K ∈ {4, 8, 12} AP-CSI-RS resources, or a single (K=1) P-CSI-RS / SP-CSI-RS resource.

[0068] In the case of an AP-CSI-RS resource set for channel measurement, K CSI-RS resources are triggered by the same trigger instance, and the interval between two consecutive CSI-RS resources is m ∈ {1, 2} slots, which is set by the upper-layer parameters in the NZP-CSI-RS resource set.

[0069] K AP-CSI-RS resources are sent in the order of the CSI-RS resource IDs configured in the CSI-RS resource set. The UE assumes that the antenna ports with the same port index for the K AP-CSI-RS resources are the same.

[0070] When the UE configures the AP-CSI-RS resource set for channel measurement, the value of the time unit d ∈ {1, m} is set by the upper-layer parameter d.

[0071] If the UE has a P-CSI-RS / SP-CSI-RS resource set configured for channel measurement, the value of d will be equal to the period of the CSI-RS resource.

[0072] (Definition of Terms) The main terms used in this disclosure are explained below.

[0073] Sensing Transmitter: A TRP or UE that transmits sensing signals to a sensing target. Sensing signals are signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing transmitter may be located in the same or a different TRP or UE as the sensing receiver, for example.

[0074] Sensing receiver: A TRP or UE that receives sensing signals via a sensing target. Sensing signals are signals used by the sensing service in its operation. The sensing receiver may be located in the same or a different TRP or UE as the sensing transmitter, for example. The sensing receiver may transmit / report sensing results to the sensing transmitter.

[0075] TRP: Network equipment that transmits and receives sensing signals (e.g., BS, BS antenna, etc.). In this disclosure, TRP may be replaced with BS, Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB), repeater, Access Point (AP), Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS), etc.

[0076] Sensing target: An object (target) that needs to be sensed by deriving its characteristics from the sensing signal.

[0077] Background environment: The background (clutter / environmental objects) that is not the sensing target.

[0078] Monostatic sensing: A sensing method in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located on the same TRP or UE.

[0079] Bistatic sensing: A sensing method in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are located on different TRPs or UEs.

[0080] Multistatic sensing: A sensing method in which multiple sensing transmitters and / or multiple sensing receivers exist for a given sensing target.

[0081] Sensing signal: A signal transmitted over a 3GPP radio interface for sensing purposes.

[0082] Header UE: A UE that triggers / executes U2U (UE-to-UE) sensing based on a request from a NW / client UE (e.g., by using a sensing RS).

[0083] Client UE: A UE that requests other UEs to perform sensing and report the results.

[0084] Anchor UE: A UE that performs sensing-related transmission / reception with the Header UE based on a request from the Header UE (for example, by using a Sensing RS).

[0085] (AP-CSI-RS burst / P-CSI-RS period) In specification Rel. 18, the following settings are made for AP-CSI-RS bursts: - The CSI reporting setting for the RRC signal includes the codebook and its parameters. CSI-RS isolation is notified to the UE. - In the RRC signal NZP-CSI-RS resource set, resources K=1,4,8,12 are set to indicate how many CSI-RSs there are in one burst. - The {4,5,8,10,16,20,32,40,64,80,160,320,640} slots are set as the period for P / SP-CSI-RS.

[0086] (Sensing Report Amount / Measurement Results) The UE may measure the sensing resource (RS / data) and transmit (report) the direct measurement results to the NW (base station). The measurement results may be, for example, at least one of the following Type 1 (1-0 to 1-5).

[0087] Type 1-0: Code phase measurement (also called pseudo-range), Doppler measurement, carrier phase measurement (also called cumulative delta range), carrier-to-noise ratio of the received signal, measurement quality parameters for each measurement, measurement information regarding additional paths (non-Global Navigation Satellite system (GNSS) related measurement information), measured cell ID, RS ID, measurement timing, Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP), Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Absolute radio-frequency channel number (ARFCN), UE receive-transmit time difference, timestamp, barometric pressure sensor measurement, round-trip time, measurement characteristics, reference position, reference time, quality per measurement, and at least one of line-of-sight (LOS) / non-line-of-sight (NLOS) information. This information may be included in the measurement results of NR positioning for UE-assisted positioning methods.

[0088] Type 1-1: At least one of the following: L3-RSRP, L3-RSRQ, L3-RSSI, L1-RSRP, L1-Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Codebook setting (e.g., Type I / II / Port selection) / Doppler / Non-Coherent Joint Transmission (NCJT) CSI / Coherent Joint Transmission (CJT) CSI, or Time Domain Correlation Profile (TDCP).

[0089] Type 1-2: Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and other transformations.

[0090] Type 1-2': Radar cross section (RCS), and other conversions.

[0091] Types 1-3: Power delay profile (PDP), or delay profile (DP), or range / delay-Doppler / angle map.

[0092] Types 1-4: At least one of the following: power, delay, phase, or channel response timing.

[0093] Type 1-5: At least one of the types 1-1 to 1-4 may be measured in one or more passes. For example, the X strongest passes may be selected for reporting. "Strongest" may mean that the value of each type of measurement is large.

[0094] Furthermore, each type of measurement may be reported together with other information (e.g., cell ID, RSID, measurement timing, timestamp, LOS / NLOS, quality / reliability of each measurement, etc.).

[0095] (Parameters for Sensing Burst) The time domain resource allocation (TDRA) for sensing burst is described below. The UE may receive configuration information regarding the time (TDRA) for sensing burst. Based on the configuration information, the UE may control the reception of sensing RS.

[0096] <For Periodic / Semi-Sustained Sensing Burst Measurement> This section describes the parameters for TDRA for setting up periodic / semi-sustained sensing burst measurement resources. Figure 5 shows an example of parameters for sensing burst measurement. The UE may transmit / report capability information for each parameter. The UE may receive each parameter (setting / instruction) via upper-layer signaling / physical-layer signaling.

[0097] Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst: T ｓｔａｒｔ０ .

[0098] Burst period: T ｐ０(The interval between the start times of two consecutive sensing bursts). Note that T ｐ０ This may be interpreted as (or related to) the burst interval / inter-burst interval / refresh time defined for wireless sensing. The time unit of the burst period may be at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, halfframes, or frames.

[0099] Burst period: T ｄ０ (T ｄ０ <= T ｐ０ (The time from the start of the first sensing resource to the end of the last sensing resource in one sensing burst). Note that T ｄ０ This may also relate to the Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) in the radar system. Burst period T ｄ０ This may be interpreted as CPI. The time unit of the burst period (which may be the same as or different from the time unit of the burst period) may be at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, halfframes, or frames.

[0100] Number of sensing RS resources in one sensing burst: N (N >= 1). UE is N and T ｄ０ Based on this, the time density of sensing RS resources (or duty cycle / duty cycle in the radar system) can be calculated. ｐ０ and T ｄ０ Given a given value, the larger N is, the more densely the sensing RS resources in the time domain become, resulting in higher sensing overhead.

[0101] A time-domain resource pattern of N sensing resources in a single sensing burst.

[0102] <For non-periodic sensing burst measurement> This section describes the parameters related to TDRA for setting up resources for non-periodic sensing burst measurement.

[0103] The number of sensing bursts in a single sensing burst measurement resource configuration is L (L >= 1). L may be an optional parameter (L may not be set). UE may assume L = 1 if L is not set.

[0104] Start time of the first sensing resource in the first sensing burst: T ｓｔａｒｔ０ .

[0105] Burst period: T ｐ０ (The interval between the start times of two consecutive sensing bursts). Note that T ｐ０ This may be interpreted as (or related to) the burst interval / inter-burst interval / refresh time defined for wireless sensing. The time unit of the burst period may be at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, halfframes, or frames. ｐ０ This can be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e., a burst-common / burst-specific setting / indicator).

[0106] Burst period: T ｄ０ (T ｄ０ <= T ｐ０ ): The time from the start of the first sensing resource to the end of the last sensing resource in a single sensing burst. ｄ０ This may also relate to the Coherent Processing Interval (CPI) in the radar system. Burst period T ｄ０ This may be interpreted as CPI. The time unit of the burst period (same as or different from the time unit of the burst period) may be at least one of OFDM symbols, slots, subframes, halfframes, or frames. ｐ０ This can be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e., a burst-common / burst-specific setting / indicator).

[0107] The number of sensing RS resources in a single sensing burst: N (N >= 1). N may be a scalar value or a set of L non-uniform values ​​(i.e., burst-common / burst-specific settings / indications).

[0108] Time-domain resource patterns for N sensing resources in a single sensing burst: The resource patterns of the sensing resources may be set / instructed for each sensing burst measurement resource setting to be common to bursts (i.e., one setting for all bursts) or specific to bursts (i.e., L settings for L bursts).

[0109] UE is N and T ｄ０ Based on this, the time density of sensing RS resources (or duty cycle / duty cycle in the radar system) may be calculated. ｐ０ and T ｄ０ Given that N is large, the greater the density of sensing RS resources in the time domain, and the higher the sensing overhead. Alternatively, the duty cycle / duty cycle may be set / instructed for sensing RS resources within one burst. The UE sets the duty cycle / duty cycle and T ｄ０ The number of resources N may be determined based on the set duty cycle / duty cycle and T. ｄ０ The number of resources N may be determined based on this.

[0110] Burst period T ｄ０ Alternatively, the number of sensing RS resources N within one burst may be implicitly set / indicated. For example, UE may have a burst duration T. ｄ０ This may be determined by the resource pattern defined for sensing bursts and N.

[0111] (Analysis) In future wireless communication systems, the use of wireless sensing for target detection, estimation, and tracking is being considered.

[0112] However, the settings for receiving / measuring the sensing reference signal (RS) have not been adequately considered. If these settings are not clearly defined, there is a risk that the sensing quality / communication quality may deteriorate.

[0113] Furthermore, for example, in bistatic sensing from BS to BS, BS2 (sensing receiver) may experience interference between the sensing signal from BS1 (sensing transmitter) and the communication signal (UL signal) from the UE within the BS2 cell. In this case, the sensing quality / communication quality may be degraded.

[0114] Therefore, one of the objectives of this disclosure is to provide a terminal, a wireless communication method, and a base station that improve the performance of wireless sensing.

[0115] The embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Each wireless communication method according to the embodiments may be applied individually or in combination.

[0116] (Various substitutions) In this disclosure, words enclosed in parentheses () may indicate an explanation of the preceding word (e.g., an explanation of spelling), a paraphrase, a specific example, or supplementary explanation. Also, in this disclosure, words enclosed in square brackets [] may be interpreted as part of the overall meaning of the text, or they may be interpreted as being excluded (ignored). Note that parentheses () and square brackets [] may be used for purposes / meanings other than those described above.

[0117] In this disclosure, "A / B" and "at least one of A and B" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. In this disclosure, "A / B / C" may mean "at least one of A, B, and C".

[0118] In this disclosure, terms such as notice, activate, deactivate, indicate (or specify), select, configure, update, and determine may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as support, control, controllable, operate, and capable of operating may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0119] In this disclosure, Radio Resource Control (RRC), RRC parameters, RRC messages, higher-layer parameters, fields, Information Elements (IE), settings, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, Medium Access Control elements (MAC Control Elements (CE)), update commands, activation / deactivation commands, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0120] In this disclosure, the upper layer signaling may be any or a combination thereof, such as Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling, broadcast information, and other messages (e.g., messages from the core network, such as positioning protocol messages (e.g., NR Positioning Protocol A (NRPPPa) / LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP)) messages).

[0121] In this disclosure, MAC signaling may include, for example, MAC Control Elements (MAC CEs) and MAC Protocol Data Units (PDUs). Broadcast information may include, for example, Master Information Blocks (MIBs), System Information Blocks (SIBs), Remaining Minimum System Information (RMSIs), and Other System Information (OSIs).

[0122] In this disclosure, physical layer signaling may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) and Uplink Control Information (UCI).

[0123] In this disclosure, terms such as drop, suspend, cancel, puncture, rate match, postpone, and not send may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0124] In this disclosure, burst, group, list, etc. may be interpreted interchangeably. Burst, RS burst, sensing burst, sensing RS burst, sensing RS, sensing resource, sensing resource pattern, resource pattern, and sensing signal may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0125] The terms "to be supported / configured / directed," "to receive configuration information / direction information," and "to report / transmit capability information indicating support" may be interpreted interchangeably. "To be supported / configured / directed" may mean that the UE is supported / configured / directed by the NW (base station). "Sensing burst measurement resource configuration" and "resource configuration for sensing burst measurement" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0126] The sensing resource pattern in this disclosure may be at least one of a uniform / regular pattern, a non-uniform / irregular pattern, a random pattern, or a resource pattern in which the resource / burst intervals are disjoint. A uniform / regular / non-uniform / irregular / random / disjoint resource pattern may mean that the resource / burst intervals are uniform / regular / non-uniform / irregular / random / disjoint.

[0127] The CSI-RS resource set / CSI-RS resource may be interpreted as the NZP-CSI-RS resource set / NZP-CSI-RS resource. The CSI report settings, CSI resource settings, CSI-RS resource set settings, and CSI-RS resource settings may be interpreted as mutually interchangeable.

[0128] (Wireless communication method) The UE receives setting information related to sensing (CSI report settings / CSI resource settings / CSI-RS resource set settings / CSI-RS resource settings) and controls the measurement / reception of sensing signals (RS) based on that setting information.

[0129] The first and second embodiments may also apply to cases where the UE receives / measures the sensing RS (for example, the UE monostatic sensing described above (Figure 1A), bistatic sensing from BS to UE (Figure 3A), or bistatic sensing from UE to UE (Figure 3B)).

[0130] <First Embodiment> The UE may receive at least one of the CSI report settings and CSI resource settings for sensing (e.g., dedicated to sensing), and control the measurement / reporting of sensing signals based on at least one of the CSI report settings and CSI resource settings for sensing (e.g., dedicated to sensing). The UE may receive a setting for a CSI-RS resource [set] dedicated to sensing, and control the measurement / reception / reporting of sensing signals based on the setting for the CSI-RS resource [set] dedicated to sensing.

[0131] The level of integration between communication and sensing in ISAC is as follows: Embodiment 1-1 (Sensing-dedicated CSI reporting setting) < Embodiment 1-2 (Sensing-dedicated CSI resource setting) < Embodiment 1-3 (Sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource [set] setting). The higher the level of integration, the better the resource utilization for sensing and communication, but the worse the sensing performance (due to lower flexibility).

[0132] <<Variations>> The sensing function is transparent to the UE and may be implemented by the base station (BS). No dedicated CSI report / resource for sensing is configured, nor is a dedicated CSI-RS resource [set] for sensing configured on the UE. The sensing results are obtained on the BS side based on CSI / channel / interference measurements for communication on the UE side.

[0133] Flexible combinations of Embodiments 1-1 / 1-2 / 1-3 may be configured / instructed / supported by the UE based on the UE's capabilities, sensing performance requirements, sensing use cases, priorities, etc.

[0134] <<Methods of Sensing Measurement / Reception>> In the ISAC CSI framework, sensing measurement / reception can be achieved by one or a combination of the following methods. That is, the UE may receive at least one CSI reporting setting / CSI-RS resource set / CSI-RS resource setting from methods 1 to 5, and measure / receive sensing signals based on the CSI reporting setting.

[0135] Method 1: A dedicated CSI reporting configuration (CSI-SENSE-reportConfig) with a dedicated CSI resource set for sensing.

[0136] Method 2: A CSI reporting configuration (CSI-reportConfig) with a dedicated CSI resource configuration for sensing (corresponding to the CSI resource configuration).

[0137] Method 3: A single CSI resource configuration corresponding to a CSI reporting configuration (CSI-reportConfig) that has a CSI-RS resource set for communication and a CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing.

[0138] Method 4: A single CSI-RS resource set corresponding to a CSI-reportConfig, having a CSI-RS resource for communication and a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing.

[0139] Method 5: A CSI-reportConfig having a CSI-RS resource set for communication and a common CSI-RS resource set and CSI-RS resources for communication and sensing.

[0140] Variations: Restrictions / constraints on links between CSI reporting settings (CSI-reportConfig) and CSI resource settings may be used. For example, a restriction / constraint may be used that communication-only CSI reporting settings must not be linked to sensing-only CSI resource settings. Alternatively, a restriction / constraint may be used that sensing-only CSI reporting settings must not be linked to communication-only CSI resource settings.

[0141] Figure 6 shows examples of CSI reporting settings and CSI resource settings in the first embodiment. csi-resourceConfig #0 is a CSI resource setting for communications only and includes only communications-only CSI resources / resource sets. csi-resourceConfig #1 includes a communications-only CSI-RS Resource set #0 and a sensing-only CSI-RS-SENSE Resource set #0 (Method 3). CSI-RS Resource set #1 of csi-resourceConfig #1 includes both a communications-only CSI-RS Resource and a sensing-only CSI-RS Resource (Method 4).

[0142] csi-SENSE-resourceConfig #0 includes only the CSI-RS-SENSE Resource set #0 dedicated to sensing (Methods 1 and 2). If csi-SENSE-resourceConfig #0 is related to a CSI reporting setting dedicated to sensing (csi-SENSE-reportConfig #0), it falls under Method 1. If csi-SENSE-resourceConfig #0 is related to a CSI reporting setting that is not dedicated to sensing (csi-reportConfig #1), it falls under Method 2.

[0143] Figure 7 shows the sensing performance and integration level for Methods 1 through 5. Sensing performance increases in the order of Method 1... to Method 5, but the integration level decreases. A low integration level can lead to less configuration flexibility and potentially increase the amount of data required for configuration.

[0144] <<Embodiment 1-1>> The UE receives a CSI report setting for sensing (either dedicated to sensing or not), and controls the measurement / reporting of sensing signals based on that CSI report setting.

[0145] <<<Option 1>>> The UE receives CSI report settings specifically for sensing. For example, at least one of the following options may be applied.

[0146] Option 1-1: A sensing-specific parameter "CSI-SENSE-reportConfig" (CSI report setting ID) with an ID number starting from 0 is set. The UE may distinguish between sensing CSI reports and communication CSI reports by parameter name.

[0147] Option 1-2: A common parameter for sensing and communication, "CSI-reportConfig" (CSI report setting ID), may be set, and communication and sensing settings may be distinguished by the parameter ID number. For example, communication ID numbers start from 0, and sensing ID numbers start from x0. The UE distinguishes between sensing CSI report settings and communication CSI report settings based on the CSI report setting ID.

[0148] The sensing-only CSI report settings for Options 1-1 / 1-2 include at least one of the following parameters: • Sensing CSI report setting ID (Option 1-1) (ID starts from 0) or CSI report setting ID (Option 1-2) (ID starts from x0). • CSI resource setting ID or sensing CSI resource setting ID. Unified parameters / names for communication and sensing, or specific parameters / names for sensing, may be supported. • Report quantity: {CSI, R-D-A map, sensing result, etc.}. For example, at least one of the above (sensing report quantity / measurement result) may be reported. The frequency domain granularity in the CSI feedback may be arbitrary. • Report type and report setting: {Periodic, Semi-persistent, Aperiodic}, or event triggered. • Sensing codebook / RS port (or beam or QCL relationship) related settings. For example, a limit / constraint on the RS port settings may be set to specify the maximum number of CSI-RS ports (e.g., 1 or 2). For example, a limit / constraint on the sensing codebook settings may be set to specify the maximum number of layers, the minimum / maximum oversampling coefficients for the codebook, etc.

[0149] <<<Option 2>>> The UE may receive an [ISAC] CSI report setting that corresponds to a sensing-only CSI resource setting. The CSI report setting may support not only a sensing-only CSI resource setting but also a communication-use CSI resource setting. The [ISAC] CSI report setting that corresponds to a sensing-only CSI resource setting includes at least one of the following parameters: - CSI report setting ID: Starting from 0 (there is no particular difference between communication and sensing). - Sensing-only CSI resource setting ID. - CSI resource setting ID (CSI resource setting ID other than sensing (e.g., communication)). - Sensing report quantity: {CSI, R-D-A map, sensing result, etc.}. For example, at least one of the above (sensing report quantity / measurement result) report quantity / measurement result may be reported. The granularity of the frequency domain in the CSI feedback may be arbitrary. • Report type and report settings: {Periodic, Semi-persistent, Aperiodic}, or event triggered. • Sensing codebook / RS port (or beam or QCL relationship) related settings. For example, a limit / constraint on the RS port related settings may be set to the maximum number of CSI-RS ports (e.g., 1 or 2). For example, a limit / constraint on the sensing codebook settings may be set to the maximum number of layers, the minimum / maximum oversampling coefficient of the codebook, etc.

[0150] Variations: Options 1 and 2 may be combined. For example, the dedicated sensing CSI resource setting in Option 2 may correspond to the dedicated sensing CSI report setting in Option 1.

[0151] Figure 8 shows the relationship between each setting information in Embodiment 1-1. The reporting setting (CSI-Aperiodic TriggerStateList) includes parameters such as the number of resources set for channel measurement (resourcesForChannel), parameters indicating the number of resource sets for interference measurement (Csi-IM-ResourcesForInterference, Nzp-CSI-RS-ResourcesForInterference), and the number of resource sets for TDCP measurement (resourcesForChannelTDCP-r18).

[0152] In Option 2, a new parameter, resourcesForSensing, may be added to the reporting settings (e.g., CSI-Aperiodic TriggerStateList) to configure CSI-RS resources for sensing measurements. Alternatively, in Option 2, a new parameter, csi-SENSE-resourcesForSensing, may be added to the CSI reporting settings to configure CSI-RS resources for sensing measurements.

[0153] In Option 1-1, a CSI report configuration specifically for sensing (CSI-SENSE-ReportConfig) may be applied. A new parameter, csi-SENSE-resourcesForSensing (CSI-RS resources for sensing measurement), may be added to the CSI report configuration specifically for sensing.

[0154] According to Embodiment 1-1, since dedicated CSI report settings / CSI resource settings for sensing are used, flexible settings related to sensing are possible regardless of the settings for communication, thereby improving sensing performance.

[0155] <<Embodiment 1-2>> The UE receives the CSI resource settings for sensing and controls the measurement / reporting of sensing signals based on those CSI resource settings.

[0156] <<<Option a>>> The UE receives a CSI resource configuration dedicated to sensing. For example, at least one of the following options may be applied.

[0157] Option a-1: A sensing-only parameter "CSI-SENSE-resourceConfig" with an ID number starting from 0 is set. Option a-2: A parameter "CSI-resourceConfig" (CSI resource setting ID) common to sensing and communication is set, and communication and sensing may be distinguished by the parameter's ID number. For example, the ID number for communication starts from 0, and the ID number for sensing starts from y0. The UE distinguishes between sensing CSI resource settings and communication CSI resource settings based on the CSI resource setting ID.

[0158] A CSI resource configuration for sensing may include at least one of the following parameters: • Sensing CSI resource configuration ID: Starting from 0 (option a-1) or y0 (option a-2). • Sensing CSI-RS resource set list. • Resource type: {Periodic, Semi-persistent, Aperiodic}, or event triggered. • Burst type: {Yes, No}. If Yes, CSI-RS bursts are supported / configured / instructed in the sensing CSI resource configuration for each transmission. If No, CSI-RS bursts are not supported / configured / instructed in the sensing CSI resource configuration for each transmission.

[0159] <<<Option b>>> The UE receives the CSI resource configuration, which includes the configuration of a CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing.

[0160] A CSI resource configuration, including the setting of a CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing, may include at least one of the following parameters: • CSI resource configuration ID: Starting from 0 (there is no particular difference between communication and sensing). • List of sensing CSI resource sets. • Resource type: {Periodic, Semi-persistent, Aperiodic} • Burst type: {Yes, No}. The meaning of Yes and No is the same as option a. This may be included as an option in the CSI resource configuration.

[0161] <<<Variations>>> The burst type may be included in the CSI-RS resource [set] setting.

[0162] Options a and b may be combined. For example, the setting of the sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource set in option b may be included in the sensing-dedicated CSI resource setting in option a.

[0163] Figure 9 shows the relationship between the various setting information in Embodiment 1-2. The CSI resource setting includes a channel / CSI / CSI-RS resource set list for interference measurement.

[0164] In the case of option b, a new parameter CSI-SENSE-ResourceSetId (CSI-RS resource ID for sensing measurement) may be added to the CSI resource configuration (CSI-ResourceConfig) to set up a CSI-RS resource [set] for sensing measurement. In the case of option a, a CSI resource configuration (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig) dedicated to sensing is used. Note that if embodiment 1-1 is supported, embodiment 1-2 can be implemented without adding any new parameters.

[0165] According to Embodiment 1-2, since a dedicated CSI resource setting / CSI resource set setting for sensing is used, flexible settings related to sensing are possible regardless of the settings for communication, and sensing performance can be improved.

[0166] <<Embodiment 1-3-1>> The UE may receive at least one of the following: a setting of a CSI-RS resource set for sensing (dedicated or not dedicated to sensing), or a setting of a CSI-RS resource for sensing (dedicated or not dedicated to sensing), and control sensing measurement / reporting based on that setting. The setting of the CSI-RS resource set may correspond to the setting of a CSI-RS resource for sensing. The setting of the CSI-RS resource set / CSI-RS resource may correspond to a CSI resource setting (e.g., Embodiments 1-1 / 1-2).

[0167] <<<Option x>>> The UE receives the configuration of a CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing. For example, at least one of the following options may be applied.

[0168] Option x-1: A sensing-specific parameter "CSI-RS-SENSE-resourceSet" with an ID number starting from 0 is set.

[0169] Option x-2: The parameter "CSI-RS-resourceSet" is set, which contains a communication ID number starting with 0 and a sensing ID number starting with z0.

[0170] A CSI resource set dedicated to sensing may include at least one of the following parameters: • Sensing CSI resource set ID: Starting from 0 (option x-1) or z0 (option x-2). • Sensing CSI-RS resource ID. • Burst type and associated settings: {Yes, No} (details are described in Embodiment 2-2 below). If Yes, a CSI-RS burst is supported / configured / instructed for the sensing CSI-RS resource set for each transmission. Associated settings include, for example, the burst interval / resource interval within the burst / TDRA for each burst. If No, a CSI-RS burst is not supported / configured for the sensing CSI resource set for each transmission. Associated settings may include at least one of the parameters for sensing bursts described above.

[0171] <<<Option y>>> The UE receives a configuration of a CSI-RS resource set that includes a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing. This CSI-RS resource set may also include a CSI-RS resource for communication.

[0172] The configuration of a CSI-RS resource set, including a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing, may include at least one of the following parameters: • CSI-RS resource set ID: Starting from 0 (there is no particular difference between communication and sensing). • Sensing CSI-RS resource ID. • Burst type and associated settings: {Yes, No} (details are described in Embodiment 2-2 below). If Yes, a CSI-RS burst is supported / configured / instructed for each transmission of the sensing CSI-RS resource [set]. Associated settings include, for example, the burst interval / resource interval within the burst / TDRA for each burst. If No, a CSI-RS burst is not supported / configured for each transmission of the sensing CSI resource [set]. Associated settings may include at least one of the above-mentioned (parameters for sensing bursts).

[0173] <<<Variations>>> Settings related to sensing CSI-RS bursts may be included in the CSI-RS resource settings. Options x and y may be combined. For example, a dedicated CSI-RS resource for sensing option y may be set / indicated in the dedicated CSI-RS resource set for sensing option x.

[0174] According to Embodiment 1-3-1, since a dedicated CSI resource set / CSI resource setting for sensing is used, flexible settings related to sensing are possible regardless of the settings for communication, and sensing performance can be improved.

[0175] <<Embodiment 1-3-2>> The UE may receive the settings for a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing and control the measurement / reporting of sensing based on those settings. The settings for a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing may correspond to the settings for a CSI-RS resource set. The settings for a CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing may correspond to the CSI resource settings (e.g., Embodiments 1-1 / 1-2).

[0176] The settings for a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing may include, for example, at least one of the following parameters: • Sensing CSI-RS resource ID. • Settings related to resource mapping (e.g., sensing CSI-RS pattern (T-F region), RS port number, etc.). • Burst-related settings / parameters. Burst-related settings / parameters include, for example, the burst interval for each burst, the resource interval within the burst, and TDRA. Burst-related settings / parameters may include at least one of the above-mentioned (parameters for sensing bursts): • Options for realizing bursts are set by the CSI-RS resource settings (details are described in Embodiment 2-1 below). • Power-related settings. • Beam-related settings.

[0177] According to Embodiment 1-3-2, since a dedicated CSI resource for sensing is used, flexible settings related to sensing are possible regardless of the communication settings, thereby improving sensing performance.

[0178] Figure 10 shows the relationship between the setting information of Embodiments 1-3-1 and 1-3-2. When option x of Embodiment 1-3-1 is applied, the setting of the sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource set (CSI-RS-SENSE-ResourceSet) corresponds to the CSI resource setting (CSI-ResourceConfig). The setting of the sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource set may also correspond to the setting of the sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource (CSI-RS-SENSE-Resource) (Embodiment 1-3-2).

[0179] When option y of Embodiment 1-3-1 is applied, the setting of the CSI-RS resource set (CSI-RS-ResourceSet) (not dedicated to sensing) corresponds to the setting of the CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing (CSI-RS-SENSE-Resource) (Embodiment 1-3-2).

[0180] As shown in Figure 10, embodiments 1-3-1 and 1-3-2 may be applied in combination.

[0181] <<Combinations of Embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3>> Figure 11 shows the relationships between the settings in Embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3 (1-3-1, 1-3-2). The CSI report settings "CSI-SENSE-reportConfig" and "CSI-reportConfig" of options 1-1, 1-2, and 2 of Embodiment 1-1 may be associated with the CSI resource settings (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig, CSI-ResourceConfig) of options a-1 and a-2 of Embodiment 1-2 (for example, via the parameter "csi-SENSE-ResourcesForSensing").

[0182] The CSI resource settings (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig, CSI-ResourceConfig) of options a-1, a-2, and b in Embodiment 1-2 may be associated with the CSI resource set settings (CSI-RS-SENSE-ResourceSet, CSI-RS-ResourceSet) of options x-1, x-2, and y in Embodiment 1-3-1 via "CSI-SENSE-ResourceSetId".

[0183] Note that "Transparent sensing report / resource config." is a setting corresponding to method 5 described above and is not associated with the settings in embodiments 1-1, 1-2, and 1-3. The CSI-RS resource is configured considering the sensing requirements without affecting existing specifications.

[0184] <<Variations of the First Embodiment>> Various types of sensing use cases have very diverse requirements for RS patterns (T-F domain), RS resources (including bandwidth and time-domain resources), MIMO methods (such as beam sweeping), etc. For example, target detection requires a sparse RS pattern, small RS resources, and beam sweeping. For example, target detection requires a sparse RS pattern, small RS resources, and beam sweeping. Target localization (positioning) requires a dense RS pattern, large bandwidth (and short time). Target tracking requires a high-density RS pattern, large bandwidth and time resources with beam tuning.

[0185] However, increasing the flexibility of CSI reporting and resource configuration within the CSI framework to accommodate diverse use cases and requirements may increase the complexity of the configuration.

[0186] To reduce the complexity of CSI configuration for sensing, configurations specific to the sensing use case may be used.

[0187] A subset of different CSI-RS patterns (or subtables of CSI-RS patterns), different bandwidths, different time-domain resources / patterns, different number of antenna ports, or at least one of different QCL relationships may be configured for different types of sensing use cases.

[0188] To support use case-specific configurations, a new parameter, "CSI-SENSE-reportType" (CSI report type for sensing), may be set in the CSI measurement configuration (CSI-MeasConfig) or trigger state list (TriggerStateList). "CSI-SENSE-reportType" may indicate one of the predefined sensing use cases. A UE with "CSI-SENSE-reportType" set may have a subset of limit / constraint values ​​configured.

[0189] Figure 12 shows an example use case for a CSI report and resource configuration specifically for sensing. In the sensing CSI report configuration (CSI-SENSE-ReportConfig), types (Types 1-3) are set for each use case, and each type is associated with a different resource configuration in the CSI resource configuration (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig). Each resource configuration is associated with the same or different CSI-RS resource sets. Note that the example in Figure 12 is not the only example; for example, at least a portion of each type may be associated with the same resource configuration in the CSI resource configuration (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig).

[0190] According to the first embodiment, appropriate settings (CSI reporting settings / CSI resource settings / CSI resource set settings / CSI resource settings) can be applied to sensing reports / resources. If at least a portion of the communication settings and sensing settings are included in the same setting (e.g., RRC information element), the amount of data can be reduced. If at least a portion of the communication settings and sensing settings are kept separate, the flexibility of the settings is increased and sensing performance is improved.

[0191] <Second Embodiment> Sensing RS (CSI-RS) bursts with multiple sensing RSs may be supported in various sensing use cases. For example, in NR's CSI framework, CSI-RS bursts with 4 / 8 / 12 CSI-RS resources may be supported by AP CSI-RS resource set configuration for channel measurement. This embodiment describes the configuration / measurement / reception / reporting of sensing RS bursts.

[0192] <<Embodiment 2-1>> The UE may receive a single CSI-RS resource configuration, which includes the configuration of multiple P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources, and control the measurement / reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts based on that single CSI-RS resource configuration. The CSI-RS resource configuration does not have to be used for communication.

[0193] The parameters "Resource Mapping" and "PeriodicityAndOffset" included in the CSI-RS resource settings are related to the CSI-RS time-frequency (T-F) resource settings.

[0194] The parameter "Resource Mapping" defines the number of ports, CDM type, OFDM symbol, and subcarrier occupancy for the CSI-RS resource within the slot.

[0195] "PeriodicityAndOffset" sets the period and offset for P / SP CSI-RS. All CSI-RS resources within a resource set will have the same period. The offset (slot offset) may be the same or different for different CSI-RS resources.

[0196] In Embodiment 2-1, the UE measures / receives a sensing CSI-RS burst configured for a single CSI-RS resource based on an extended resource mapping or burst resource mapping. Each parameter in this embodiment is set by the network.

[0197] <<<Embodiment 2-1-1>>> The parameter "resource mapping" included in the CSI-RS resource settings defines at least one of the following: the number of N CSI-RS ports across multiple slots, the CDM type, the OFDM symbol, and the subcarrier occupancy rate.

[0198] N is set for the CSI-RS resource. If not set, the default value N=1 is used.

[0199] If N > 1, the number of ports, CDM type, OFDM symbol, and subcarrier occupancy rate can be set independently for each of the N CSI-RS units.

[0200] <<<Embodiment 2-1-2>>> The UE may receive a CSI-RS resource configuration including a resource mapping and a burst resource mapping, which are parameters for configuring multiple CSI-RS burst resources, and control sensing based on those parameters.

[0201] Resource mapping may also be parameters that define the number of ports, CDM type, and in-slot occupancy of OFDM symbols and subcarriers for a CSI-RS resource (e.g., parameters of RRC information elements). The UE may assume that the resource mapping is the same for multiple CSI-RS resources within a single burst.

[0202] A burst resource mapping may be a parameter (e.g., a parameter of an RRC information element) that defines the offset (or resource interval within a burst) between N CSI-RS resources in the time domain. N is set as a parameter of the burst resource mapping (associated with the burst resource mapping). If not set, N=1 is used by default.

[0203] Repeated or coherent reception {On, Off} may be set for the N CSI-RS resources within a burst. If On, the UE assumes the same beam / antenna port for the N CSI-RS resources within the burst (the same beam / antenna port is used). If Off, the UE assumes different beam / antenna ports for the N CSI-RS resources within the burst. QCL relationships between the N CSI-RS resources may be further set using QCL information for the CSI-RS within the burst (e.g., qcl-InfoCSI-Rsburst).

[0204] The offsets (or resource intervals within a burst) of N CSI-RS resources in the time domain may be set / specified individually or jointly. The CSI-RS resource offsets may be set / specified with (or as a resource pattern) a uniform / non-uniform / random / coprime resource pattern.

[0205] By using burst resource mapping as a parameter, the impact of resource mapping specifications can be reduced.

[0206] The CSI-RS resource supporting the sensing CSI-RS burst in Embodiment 2-1 may be interpreted as a "CSI-RS burst." In that case, the CSI-RS resource set may be interpreted as a "CSI-RS burst set" having multiple CSI-RS bursts. That is, a CSI-RS resource is included in a CSI-RS burst, and a CSI-RS burst is included in a CSI-RS burst set. The CSI-RS burst set is configured in the CSI resource settings / CSI report settings. The CSI resource settings / CSI report settings are related to each other. In this case, the impact on the specifications of the CSI-RS resource due to applying the CSI-RS burst can be reduced.

[0207] Figure 13 shows a first example of sensing CSI-RS resources in Embodiment 2-1. In this first example, different beam / antenna ports are used for the N CSI-RS resources in the burst because repeated or coherent reception is set to Off for the N CSI-RS resources in the burst.

[0208] Figure 14 shows a second example of sensing CSI-RS resources in Embodiment 2-1. In this second example, the same beam / antenna port is used for the N CSI-RS resources in the burst because repeated or coherent reception is set to On for all N CSI-RS resources in the burst.

[0209] According to Embodiment 2-1, based on a single CSI-RS resource configuration, appropriate measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts, including P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources, can be performed.

[0210] <<Embodiment 2-2>> In this embodiment, a non-uniform resource pattern of AP CSI-RS burst will be described (Embodiment 2-2-1). Furthermore, P / SP CSI-RS burst will be described (Embodiment 2-2-2).

[0211] The UE may receive a configuration for a single CSI-RS resource set that includes multiple P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources dedicated to sensing, and based on that configuration, measure / receive sensing CSI-RS bursts.

[0212] <<Embodiment 2-2-1>> The UE may receive setting information from the NW regarding the irregular / uneven resource pattern of the sensing-dedicated AP NZP-CSI-RS burst, and control sensing based on that setting information.

[0213] <<<TDRA-related parameters>>> In the configuration information, for example, time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) related parameters for multiple CSI-RS resources may be set using the RRC parameters NZP-CSI-RS-ResourceSet / Sensing CSI-RS-SENSE-ResourceSet. The TDRA-related parameters are described below.

[0214] Multiple resource patterns for CSI-RS resources may be configured. If not configured, the UE may assume a "uniform resource pattern". Candidate resource patterns may be uniform, regular, non-uniform, irregular, random, or dissimilar resource patterns.

[0215] If a uniform resource pattern for sensing is configured, the interval "m" and number "K" of AP NZP CSI-RS resources within the CMR set may be configured using the same parameters and signaling as the communication system. Different candidate values ​​for "m" and "K" may be supported / configured / indicated for sensing (e.g., based on sensing requirements). For example, m may be 1, 2, 3, ... and K may be 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, ... A larger K results in better velocity resolution. When K is large, it is preferable to increase m to reduce overhead, but in that case, the unambiguous velocity will decrease.

[0216] If a heterogeneous / random / disparate resource pattern is configured for sensing, instead of setting an interval "m", parameters related to the heterogeneous / random / disparate resource pattern may be set. For example, at least one of the parameters described above (parameters for sensing bursts) may be applied. A pattern index from a predefined table may be set as the heterogeneous resource pattern.

[0217] <<Embodiment 2-2-2>> A single CSI-RS resource set may include a P / SP CSI-RS burst (uniform / non-uniform / random / disjoint resource pattern) dedicated to sensing by multiple CSI-RS resources. The UE may receive the settings of the CSI-RS resource set and control the measurement / reception of sensing bursts based on those settings. For example, the following parameters may be set for a CSI-RS resource [set]: - The number of CSI-RS resources in a single CSI-RS resource set for sensing. Multiple CSI-RS resources (e.g., K>=1) may be set in a single CSI-RS resource set to sense P / SP CSI-RS burst transmissions. Note that K may be implicitly notified to the UE by setting K CSI-RS resources in a single CSI-RS resource set of P / SP CSI-RS. The time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) related parameters for a set of K CSI-RS resources may be set in the same manner as in Embodiment 2-2-1.

[0218] For a set of K CSI-RS resources in a P / SP / AP sensing CSI-RS burst, repeat or coherent reception {On, Off} may be set. • If On, the UE assumes that the same beam / antenna port is used for the K CSI-RS resources on the UE side. • If Off, the UE assumes that different beam / antenna ports are used for the K CSI-RS resources on the UE side. QCL relationships between the K CSI-RS resources may be further set in the CSI-RS resource set (CSI-RS-SENSE-ResourceSet). In this case, the following parameters may be set as beam-related parameters: • Antenna port number / antenna port index. • Beam number / beam index. • Power setting.

[0219] Figure 15A shows an example of CSI-RS settings for Doppler CSI Rel. 18. This example setting is for a uniform CSI-RS in the time domain for an interval of m. With the configured AP-CSI-RS burst, the UE can measure K consecutive CSI-RSs in interval m = {1, 2} slots. This setting may also be used for sensing bursts.

[0220] Figure 15B shows an example of non-uniform resources due to a muting pattern. For example, if N' (number of resources before muting) is 8, then {0,1,1,0,1,0,1,0} is set. In this case, the CSI-RS resources corresponding to bit "1" are muted, and the CSI-RS resources corresponding to "0" are not muted. In other words, a non-uniform resource pattern is set depending on the muting pattern that is set.

[0221] Figure 16 shows an example of a dissimilar resource pattern. In the example in Figure 16, the spacing between the four CSI-RS resources in the CSI-RS resource set is {1, 2, 3}. In other words, the configured resource spacing applies a dissimilar resource pattern.

[0222] According to Embodiment 2-2, based on the configuration of a single CSI-RS resource set, appropriate measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts, including P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources, can be performed.

[0223] <<Embodiment 2-3>> The UE may receive a single CSI resource configuration for sensing, which includes multiple CSI-RS resource sets, and control the measurement / reception of P / SP sensing CSI-RS bursts based on that configuration (e.g., Embodiment 2-3-1). Alternatively, the UE may control the measurement / reception of AP sensing CSI-RS bursts based on that configuration (Embodiment 2-3-2). For example, AP sensing CSI-RS bursts can be improved by optimizing the configuration parameters in a single CSI resource configuration.

[0224] The UE may receive a single CSI resource configuration that corresponds to the configuration of multiple CSI-RS resource sets, including P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources dedicated to sensing, and may measure / receive sensing CSI-RS bursts that include multiple CSI-RS resource sets.

[0225] <<<Embodiment 2-3-1>>> For a P / SP CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing, up to X CSI-RS resource sets (X >= 1) may be configured by resource set instructions from 0 to X. The UE may generate / transmit one sensing report based on the X CSI-RS resource sets.

[0226] Option 1: The UE may assume (or may be configured) that X CSI-RS resource sets are independently configured for a single sensing CSI-RS burst. By using the independent configuration of X CSI-RS resource sets, any of the following resource patterns may be supported: uniform, non-uniform, random, or dissimilar.

[0227] Option 2: The UE may assume (or configure) that X CSI-RS resource sets are jointly (commonly) configured for a single sensing CSI-RS burst. In this case, a common CSI-RS resource set parameter may be supported / indicated / configured. This parameter may be, for example, at least one of the following parameters (1) and (2).

[0228] (1) Time-domain resource allocation (TDRA) related parameters for multiple CSI-RS resource sets in a single sensing CSI resource. In at least one resource configuration, one interval value may be supported / set for multiple CSI-RS resource sets. If one interval value is set (e.g., by one parameter periodityAndOffset), a uniform interval (or resource pattern) is used for multiple CSI-RS resource sets. If multiple interval values ​​(number of interval values ​​≤ X-1) are set (e.g., by one sequence periodityAndOffset), non-uniform intervals (or non-uniform resource patterns) may be used for multiple CSI-RS resource sets.

[0229] (2) In a single CSI resource configuration for P / SP / AP sensing CSI-RS burst, repeat or coherent reception {On, Off} may be set for X CSI-RS resource sets. - If On, the same beam [set] / antenna port [set] is used / assumed for X CSI-RS resource sets on the UE side. - If Off, different beam [set] / or antenna port [set] is used / assumed for X CSI-RS resource sets on the UE side. The QCL relationship between the X CSI-RS resource sets may be further configured by the sensing CSI resource configuration (CSI-SENSE-ResourceConfig). In this case, the following parameters may be set as beam-related parameters: - Antenna port number / antenna port index. - Beam number / beam index. - Power setting.

[0230] <<<Embodiment 2-3-2>>> The UE may receive configuration information for up to X (X >= 1) CSI-RS resource sets (resource sets from 0 to X) for an AP CSI-RS dedicated to sensing, and control the measurement / reception of the AP CSI-RS dedicated to sensing based on the configuration information. The UE may generate / transmit one sensing report based on the X CSI-RS resource sets.

[0231] X may be greater than (or equal to, or less than) the maximum number of CSI-RS resource sets for communication.

[0232] Option 1: Embodiment 2-3-2 may be extended / supported / configured for sensing based on the current specifications.

[0233] Option 2: Embodiment 2-3-2 may be used for AP sensing CSI-RS burst configuration.

[0234] According to Embodiment 2-3-2, common parameters / settings can be set simultaneously for X CSI-RS resource sets (e.g., beams / layers / ports), thereby reducing the redundancy / complexity of the settings.

[0235] In Embodiments 2-3-1 / 2-3-2, one or more CSI-RS resources can be configured for each CSI-RS resource set.

[0236] In Embodiments 2-3-1 / 2-3-2, if one CSI-RS resource is configured for each CSI-RS resource set, the UE may assume / receive X CSI-RS resources as CSI-RS bursts for sensing.

[0237] In Embodiments 2-3-1 / 2-3-2, if multiple CSI-RS resources are configured for a CSI-RS resource set, the UE may assume the total (all) CSI-RS resources as a CSI-RS burst for sensing, or it may select X CSI-RS resources as a CSI-RS burst for sensing (one CSI-RS resource is selected from each CSI-RS resource set; for example, the first / last CSI-RS resource from a resource set is selected).

[0238] According to Embodiment 2-3, resource allocation for CSI-RS bursts can be flexibly configured. For example, if the CSI-RS resources of one CSI-RS resource set are configured as in Embodiment 2-2, and the CSI-RS resource set is configured as in Embodiment 2-3, then the CSI-RS resources of one CSI-RS resource set may be defined as a CSI-RS subburst, and the total (all) CSI-RS resources of one resource setting may be defined as a CSI-RS burst.

[0239] Figure 17 shows an example of a sensing CSI-RS burst containing two CSI-RS resource sets (subbursts). The sensing CSI-RS [sub]burst / two CSI-RS resource sets in Figure 17 may be configured in a single CSI resource configuration for sensing. Also, one CSI-RS subburst corresponds to one CSI-RS resource set.

[0240] In the example in Figure 17, one subburst corresponds to one CSI-RS resource set, but one subburst may correspond to multiple CSI-RS resource sets, or multiple subbursts may correspond to one CSI-RS resource set.

[0241] According to Embodiment 2-3, based on a single CSI resource setting, appropriate measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts, including P / SP / AP CSI-RS resources, can be performed.

[0242] <Third Embodiment> In bistatic sensing from BS to BS as shown in the example in Figure 2A, for example, in the case of dynamic time-division multiplexing (TDD) / sub-band non-overlapping full duplex (SBFD), in the UL frame / symbol, BS2 (sensing receiver) can receive the sensing signal from BS1 (sensing transmitter) and the communication signal from the UE within the cell of BS2 (e.g., PUCCH / PUSCH). In this case, there is a risk of interference between the sensing signal and the communication signal.

[0243] Figure 18 shows an example configuration of the third embodiment. A UE that transmits and receives with BS2 (for example, a UE that uses a cell of BS2 as a serving cell) receives settings for sensing CSI resources for (BS1-to-BS2) bistatic sensing from the first base station to the second base station, and may decide not to transmit a UL signal on the sensing CSI-RS resource set / instructed in those settings (it may cancel the transmission of the UL signal).

[0244] The UE may, for example, cancel scheduled PUSCH / PUCCH / SRS transmissions. The UE may, for example, decide whether to cancel depending on the type of UL signal. The UE may, for example, transmit PUCCH / SRS and cancel PUSCH even on a sensing CSI-RS resource configured / instructed in the settings for sensing CSI resources. The UE may decide whether to cancel depending on the pre-set priority for UL signals.

[0245] Examples of CSI report / resource settings for sensing and CSI-RS resource sets / CSI-RS resource settings may be applied to the examples of the first embodiment and the second embodiment. However, the following (1) and (2) may differ from those of the first embodiment and the second embodiment.

[0246] (1) In the CSI report settings, in the third embodiment, the report quantity from the UE side does not need to be set. That is, measurement / reception is performed on the BS side. Alternatively, the UE may have a negative value set as the ID value of the channel measurement resource (resourcesForChannelMeasurement), or the report frequency setting (reportFreqConfiguration) may not be set in the CSI report settings (it is none).

[0247] (2) In setting CSI resources for a UE, the resources may be set not for measurement, but to instruct the UE not to transmit signals. This setting may be set for NZP-CSI-RS or ZP-CSI-RS / CSI-RS-IM.

[0248] The settings for sensing CSI resources in this embodiment may be at least one of the CSI report settings, CSI resource settings, CSI-RS resource set settings, and CSI-RS resource settings in the first / second embodiments.

[0249] For example, the settings for sensing CSI resources in this embodiment may be at least one of the sensing-dedicated CSI report settings, sensing-dedicated CSI resource settings, sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource set settings, and sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource settings in the first embodiment.

[0250] For example, the settings for sensing CSI resources in this embodiment may include settings for measuring and receiving sensing CSI-RS bursts (see the second embodiment).

[0251] According to the third embodiment, BS2 / UE can avoid interference with communication signals during sensing measurements.

[0252] <Supplement> <<Notification of Information to UE>> In the embodiments described above, notification of any information from the Network (NW) (e.g., Base Station (BS)) to the UE (in other words, reception of any information from the BS at the UE) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, reference signal), or a combination thereof.

[0253] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new Logical Channel ID (LCID) not defined in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0254] If the above notification is made by DCI, the notification may be made by a specific field of the DCI, a Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RNTI) used to scramble the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits assigned to the DCI, or the format of the DCI.

[0255] Furthermore, notification of any information to the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0256] In the embodiments described above, the UE may receive information from the NW as at least one of the following QCL rules: • QCL type A. • QCL type B. • QCL type C. • QCL type D.

[0257] In the embodiments described above, the QCL source RS for each QCL type may be at least one of the following RSs: • SSB; • CSI-RS with / without repetition; • TRS; • DMRS for PDCCH / PDSCH.

[0258] In the embodiments described above, information from the network may be set / instructed by the following methods: - Common to multiple UEs, or individual to a UE. - Cell-specific, or common to multiple cells. - Per UE / Per CC / Per BWP / Per band / Per cell / Per cell group (CG).

[0259] <<Notification of Information from UE>> Notification of any information from the UE to the NW in the embodiments described above (in other words, transmission / reporting of any information from the UE to the BS) may be performed using physical layer signaling (e.g., UCI), higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC CE), specific signals / channels (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, PRACH, reference signals), or a combination thereof.

[0260] If the above notification is made by a MAC CE, the MAC CE may be identified by the inclusion of a new LCID not specified in existing standards in the MAC subheader.

[0261] If the above notice is made by the UCI, the notice may be transmitted using PUCCH or PUSCH.

[0262] Furthermore, the notification of any information from the UE in the above-described embodiment may be periodic, semi-persistent (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB), or aperiodic (triggered by instructions from the UE or gNB).

[0263] <<Regarding the application of each embodiment>> In UE / BS, specific (one or more) processes / operations / controls / assumptions / information for at least one of the embodiments described above may be applied (or used) if any or more of the following conditions are met: - A higher-layer parameter indicating the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is set; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on the relevant higher-layer parameter; - The specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is designated / activated / triggered by MAC CE / DCI / UCI / Resource / Channel / RS; - A specific UE capability indicating (or related to) the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is reported or supported; - The application of the specific process / operation / control / assumption / information is determined based on specific conditions.

[0264] The above-mentioned specific UE capability may indicate at least one of the following: - Supporting the above-mentioned specific processing / operation / control / assumment / information; - Receiving / measuring sensing CSI-RS [burst / subburst]; - Muting UL resources configured for sensing CSI-RS [burst / subburst]; - The number of sensing resources / instances in one burst (sensing RS burst); - Supporting P / SP / AP sensing bursts; - Supporting the type / use of sensing bursts; - Supporting the measurement / reception / transmission of sensing bursts for velocity estimation; - Supporting the transmission / reception / measurement of a uniform resource pattern in one sensing RS burst; - Supporting the transmission / reception / measurement of a non-uniform resource pattern in one sensing RS burst; - Supporting the transmission / reception / measurement of a random resource pattern in one sensing RS burst; - Supporting the transmission / reception / measurement of dissimilar resource patterns in one sensing RS burst.

[0265] In this disclosure, "to support" and "whether or not to support" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0266] Furthermore, the above-mentioned specific UE capability may be a capability that applies across all frequencies (commonly regardless of frequency), a capability per frequency (e.g., one or a combination thereof, such as cell, band, band combination, BWP, component carrier, etc.), a capability per frequency range (e.g., Frequency Range 1 (FR1), FR2, FR3, FR4, FR5, FR2-1, FR2-2), a capability per subcarrier spacing (SCS), or a capability per feature set (FS) or feature set per component-carrier (FSPC).

[0267] Furthermore, the specific UE capabilities described above may be capabilities that apply across all duplexing schemes (common to all duplexing schemes regardless of the duplexing scheme), or they may be capabilities specific to each duplexing scheme (e.g., Time Division Duplex (TDD), Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)).

[0268] If the above conditions are not met, UE / BS may follow the behavior specified in existing 3GPP releases.

[0269] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to the first embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives at least one of a Channel State Information (CSI) report setting and a CSI resource setting for sensing; and a control unit that controls the measurement and reporting of a sensing signal based on at least one of the CSI report setting and CSI resource setting for sensing. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein at least one of the CSI report setting and CSI resource setting for sensing is a setting dedicated to sensing. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives a setting of a CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set dedicated to sensing, and the control unit controls the measurement and reporting of a sensing signal based on the setting of the CSI-RS resource set dedicated to sensing. [Note 4] The terminal according to any one of Notes 1 to 3, wherein the receiving unit receives a setting of a CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing, and the control unit controls the measurement and reporting of a sensing signal based on the setting of the CSI-RS resource dedicated to sensing.

[0270] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to a second embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives at least one of one Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource setting, one CSI-RS resource set setting, and one CSI resource setting for sensing; and a control unit that controls the measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the receiving unit receives the one CSI-RS resource setting, which includes settings for a plurality of CSI-RS resources, and the control unit controls the measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts based on the one CSI-RS resource setting. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the receiving unit receives the one CSI-RS resource set setting, which includes a plurality of CSI-RS resources dedicated to sensing, and the control unit controls the measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts based on the settings for the one CSI-RS resource set. [Note 4] The receiving unit receives the one CSI resource setting for sensing, which includes a plurality of CSI-RS resource sets, and the control unit controls the measurement and reception of the sensing CSI-RS burst based on the one CSI resource setting, as described in any of Notes 1 to 3.

[0271] (Note) The following inventions are added with respect to a third embodiment of the present disclosure. [Note 1] A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives settings for sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resources for (BS1-to-BS2) bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station; and a control unit that determines not to transmit a UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource. [Note 2] The terminal according to Note 1, wherein the settings for the sensing CSI resource are at least one of sensing-only CSI report settings, sensing-only CSI resource settings, sensing-only CSI-RS resource set settings, and sensing-only CSI-RS resource settings. [Note 3] The terminal according to Note 1 or Note 2, wherein the settings for the sensing CSI resource include settings for measuring and receiving sensing CSI-RS bursts.

[0272] (Wireless Communication System) The configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment of this disclosure will be described below. In this wireless communication system, communication is performed using any of the wireless communication methods according to the above embodiments of this disclosure, or a combination thereof.

[0273] Figure 19 shows an example of a schematic configuration of a wireless communication system according to one embodiment. The wireless communication system 1 (which may also be simply called system 1) may be a system that realizes communication using Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5th generation mobile communication system New Radio (5G NR), etc., as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

[0274] Furthermore, the wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) (Multi-RAT Dual Connectivity (MR-DC)). MR-DC may include dual connectivity between LTE (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA)) and NR (E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity (EN-DC)), dual connectivity between NR and LTE (NR-E-UTRA Dual Connectivity (NE-DC)), and the like.

[0275] In EN-DC, the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the Master Node (MN), and the NR base station (gNB) is the Secondary Node (SN). In NE-DC, the NR base station (gNB) is the MN, and the LTE (E-UTRA) base station (eNB) is the SN.

[0276] The wireless communication system 1 may support dual connectivity between multiple base stations within the same RAT (for example, dual connectivity where both MN and SN are NR base stations (gNB) (NR-NR Dual Connectivity (NN-DC))).

[0277] The wireless communication system 1 may include a base station 11 that forms a macrocell C1 with relatively wide coverage, and base stations 12 (12a-12c) located within the macrocell C1 that form a small cell C2 that is narrower than the macrocell C1. User terminals 20 may be located within at least one cell. The arrangement, number, shape, size, etc., of each cell and user terminal 20 are not limited to the configuration shown in the figure. Hereinafter, when base stations 11 and 12 are not distinguished, they will be collectively referred to as base station 10.

[0278] The wireless communication system 1 may utilize Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO). For example, one cell may be formed by one antenna / base station 10, or by multiple antennas / base stations 10. One [virtual] cell (which may be called a supercell, for example) may be composed of multiple [virtual] cells (which may be called subcells, for example). A supercell may correspond to a cell with a fixed physical range, and a subcell may correspond to a cell whose physical range fluctuates quasi-statically / dynamically. In this case, the wireless communication system 1 may be called a cell-free system.

[0279] The user terminal 20 may be connected to at least one of the multiple base stations 10. The user terminal 20 may utilize at least one of Carrier Aggregation (CA) using multiple Component Carriers (CC) and Dual Connectivity (DC).

[0280] Each CC may be included in at least one of the first frequency band (Frequency Range 1 (FR1)) and the second frequency band (Frequency Range 2 (FR2)). A macrocell C1 may be included in FR1, and a small cell C2 may be included in FR2. For example, FR1 may be a frequency band of 6 GHz or less (sub-6 GHz), and FR2 may be a frequency band above 24 GHz. Note that the frequency bands and definitions of FR1 and FR2 are not limited to these, and for example, FR1 may be in a frequency band higher than FR2.

[0281] Furthermore, the user terminal 20 may communicate in each CC using at least one of Time Division Duplex (TDD) and Frequency Division Duplex (FDD).

[0282] Multiple base stations 10 may be connected by wire (e.g., optical fiber compliant with Common Public Radio Interface (CPRI), X2 / Xn interface, etc.) or wireless (e.g., NR communication). For example, when NR communication is used as a backhaul between base stations 11 and 12, base station 11, which is the upstream station, may be called an Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) donor, and base station 12, which is the relay station, may be called an IAB node.

[0283] Base station 10 may be connected to the core network 30 via other base stations 10 or directly. The core network 30 may include at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), Next Generation Core (NGC), etc.

[0284] The core network 30 may include network functions (NF) such as User Plane Function (UPF), Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), Session Management Function (SMF), Unified Data Management (UDM), Application Function (AF), Data Network (DN), Location Management Function (LMF), and Operation, Administration and Maintenance (Management) (OAM). Multiple functions may be provided by a single network node. Furthermore, communication with an external network (e.g., the Internet) may occur via the DN.

[0285] The user terminal 20 may be a terminal that supports at least one of the following communication methods: LTE, LTE-A, 5G, etc.

[0286] In the wireless communication system 1, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based wireless access scheme may be used. For example, Cyclic Prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM), Discrete Fourier Transform Spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-OFDM), etc., may be used in at least one of the downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).

[0287] The wireless access method may also be called a waveform. In wireless communication system 1, other wireless access methods (for example, other single-carrier transmission methods, other multi-carrier transmission methods) may be used for the UL and DL wireless access methods.

[0288] In the wireless communication system 1, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH), a Broadcast Channel (PBCH), or a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) may be used as the downlink channel, which is shared by each user terminal 20.

[0289] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink channel may include a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH), or the like, all of which are shared by each user terminal 20.

[0290] User data, higher-layer control information, and System Information Blocks (SIBs) are transmitted via PDSCH. User data and higher-layer control information may also be transmitted via PUSCH. Furthermore, Master Information Blocks (MIBs) may be transmitted via PBCH.

[0291] Lower-layer control information may be transmitted by PDCCH. The lower-layer control information may include, for example, Downlink Control Information (DCI) which includes scheduling information for at least one of PDSCH and PUSCH.

[0292] Furthermore, the DCI that schedules PDSCH may be called DL assignment, DL DCI, etc., and the DCI that schedules PUSCH may be called UL grant, UL DCI, etc. Furthermore, PDSCH may be read as DL data, and PUSCH may be read as UL data.

[0293] PDCCH detection may utilize a Control Resource Set (CORESET) and a search space. A CORESET corresponds to the resources used to search for DCIs. A search space corresponds to the search area and search method for PDCCH candidates. A single CORESET may be associated with one or more search spaces. A UE may monitor CORESETs associated with a given search space based on the search space configuration.

[0294] A single search space may correspond to one or more PDCCH candidates corresponding to aggregation levels. One or more search spaces may be referred to as a search space set. In this disclosure, "search space," "search space set," "search space configuration," "search space set configuration," "CORESET," and "CORESET configuration" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0295] PUCCH may transmit uplink control information (UCI) including at least one of channel state information (CSI), delivery acknowledgment information (for example, Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest ACKnowledgement (HARQ-ACK), ACK / NACK, etc.), and scheduling request (SR). PRACH may transmit a random access preamble for establishing a connection with the cell.

[0296] In this disclosure, downlinks, uplinks, etc., may be expressed without the prefix "link." Also, the prefix "physical" may be omitted from the names of various channels.

[0297] In the wireless communication system 1, a synchronization signal (SS), a downlink reference signal (DL-RS), etc., may be transmitted. In the wireless communication system 1, the DL-RS may include a cell-specific reference signal (CRS), a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a positioning reference signal (PRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), etc.

[0298] The synchronization signal may be, for example, at least one of a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) and a Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS). A signal block including SS (PSS, SSS) and PBCH (and DMRS for PBCH) may be called an SS / PBCH block, SS Block (SSB), etc. Note that SS, SSB, etc. may also be called reference signals.

[0299] Furthermore, in the wireless communication system 1, the uplink reference signal (UL-RS) may include a sounding reference signal (SRS), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), etc. The DMRS may also be called a user-specific reference signal (UE-specific Reference Signal).

[0300] (Base Station) Figure 20 shows an example of the configuration of a base station according to one embodiment. The base station 10 includes a control unit 110, a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission line interface 140. Note that one or more of the control unit 110, the transmitting / receiving unit 120, the transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and the transmission line interface 140 may be provided.

[0301] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the base station 10 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0302] The control unit 110 controls the entire base station 10. The control unit 110 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0303] The control unit 110 may control signal generation, scheduling (e.g., resource allocation, mapping), etc. The control unit 110 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 120, transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and transmission path interface 140. The control unit 110 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 120. The control unit 110 may also perform call processing of communication channels (setting, releasing, etc.), status management of the base station 10, management of wireless resources, etc.

[0304] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may include a baseband unit 121, a radio frequency (RF) unit 122, and a measurement unit 123. The baseband unit 121 may include a transmission processing unit 1211 and a reception processing unit 1212. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0305] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 1211 and an RF unit 122. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 1212, an RF unit 122 and a measuring unit 123.

[0306] The transmitting and receiving antenna 130 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0307] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may also receive the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0308] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0309] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform processing on data and control information acquired from the control unit 110, for example, at the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer (e.g., RLC retransmission control), and the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0310] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (transmission processing unit 1211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processing (if necessary), inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0311] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0312] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (RF unit 122) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 130.

[0313] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (receiving processing unit 1212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) processing, Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0314] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (measurement unit 123) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measurement unit 123 may perform Radio Resource Management (RRM) measurements, Channel State Information (CSI) measurements, etc., based on the received signal. The measurement unit 123 may also measure received power (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)), reception quality (e.g., Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ), Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR)), signal strength (e.g., Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI)), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 110.

[0315] The transmission path interface 140 may send and receive signals (backhaul signaling) with devices included in the core network 30 (e.g., network nodes that provide NF), other base stations 10, etc., and may acquire and transmit user data (user plane data), control plane data, etc. for the user terminal 20.

[0316] In this disclosure, the transmitting and receiving units of the base station 10 may consist of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 120, a transmitting / receiving antenna 130, and a transmission path interface 140.

[0317] The base station 10 may be separated into three elements: a Radio Unit (RU), a Distributed Unit (DU), and a Central Unit (CU). For example, the RU may implement RF processing (digital beamforming, digital-to-analog conversion, analog beamforming, etc.) and lower-level physical layer functions (precoding, IFFT, FFT, etc.). The DU may implement higher-level physical layer functions (coding to resource element mapping, etc.), MAC layer functions, and RLC layer functions. The CU may implement PDCP layer, Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, and RRC layer functions.

[0318] In this disclosure, base station 10 may include a single device that implements all the functions of RU, DU, and CU, or it may include multiple devices that each implement some of the functions of RU, DU, and CU and are connected to each other. In this disclosure, base station 10 may be interpreted as RU / DU / CU.

[0319] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit at least one of the Channel State Information (CSI) report settings and CSI resource settings for sensing.

[0320] The control unit 110 may control the reception of a report when a sensing signal is measured and reported based on at least one of the sensing CSI report settings and CSI resource settings.

[0321] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 may transmit at least one of the following: one Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS) resource setting, one CSI-RS resource set setting, or one CSI resource setting for sensing.

[0322] The control unit 110 may control the transmission of the sensing CSI-RS burst.

[0323] The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (the transmitting / receiving unit for BS1 / BS2) may transmit settings for sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resources for bistatic sensing (BS1-to-BS2) from the first base station to the second base station.

[0324] The control unit 110 (the control unit of BS2) decides not to receive the UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource.

[0325] (User Terminal) Figure 21 shows an example of the configuration of a user terminal according to one embodiment. The user terminal 20 includes a control unit 210, a transmitting / receiving unit 220, and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230. Note that one or more of the control unit 210, the transmitting / receiving unit 220, and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230 may be provided.

[0326] In this example, the functional blocks of the characteristic parts of this embodiment are mainly shown, and it may be assumed that the user terminal 20 also has other functional blocks necessary for wireless communication. Some of the processing of each part described below may be omitted.

[0327] The control unit 210 controls the entire user terminal 20. The control unit 210 can be composed of a controller, control circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the technical field related to this disclosure.

[0328] The control unit 210 may control signal generation, mapping, etc. The control unit 210 may also control transmission and reception, measurement, etc., using the transmitting / receiving unit 220 and the transmitting / receiving antenna 230. The control unit 210 may generate data to be transmitted as signals, control information, sequences, etc., and transfer them to the transmitting / receiving unit 220.

[0329] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may include a baseband unit 221, an RF unit 222, and a measurement unit 223. The baseband unit 221 may include a transmission processing unit 2211 and a reception processing unit 2212. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 can be composed of a transmitter / receiver, RF circuit, baseband circuit, filter, phase shifter, measurement circuit, transmitting / receiving circuit, etc., as described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure.

[0330] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may be configured as an integrated transmitting / receiving unit, or it may be composed of a transmitting unit and a receiving unit. The transmitting unit may consist of a transmitting processing unit 2211 and an RF unit 222. The receiving unit may consist of a receiving processing unit 2212, an RF unit 222 and a measuring unit 223.

[0331] The transmitting and receiving antenna 230 can be composed of an antenna described based on common understanding in the art relating to this disclosure, such as an array antenna.

[0332] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may receive the downlink channel, synchronization signal, downlink reference signal, etc. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may also transmit the uplink channel, uplink reference signal, etc.

[0333] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may use digital beamforming (e.g., precoding), analog beamforming (e.g., phase rotation), or the like to form at least one of the transmitting beam and the receiving beam.

[0334] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform PDCP layer processing, RLC layer processing (e.g., RLC retransmission control), MAC layer processing (e.g., HARQ retransmission control), etc., on data and control information acquired from the control unit 210 to generate a bit sequence to be transmitted.

[0335] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform transmission processing on the bit sequence to be transmitted, such as channel coding (which may include error correction coding), modulation, mapping, filtering, DFT processing (if necessary), IFFT processing, precoding, and digital-to-analog conversion, and output a baseband signal.

[0336] Whether or not to apply DFT processing may be based on the transform precoding settings. The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (transmission processing unit 2211) may perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process to transmit a channel (for example, PUSCH) using a DFT-s-OFDM waveform if transform precoding is enabled for that channel, or it may not perform DFT processing as part of the transmission process if transform precoding is not enabled for that channel.

[0337] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform modulation, filtering, amplification, etc., of the baseband signal to the radio frequency band and transmit the signal in the radio frequency band via the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0338] On the other hand, the transmitting / receiving unit 220 (RF unit 222) may perform amplification, filtering, demodulation to a baseband signal, etc., on the radio frequency band signal received by the transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0339] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (receiving processing unit 2212) may apply reception processing such as analog-to-digital conversion, FFT processing, IDFT processing (if necessary), filtering, demapping, demodulation, decoding (may include error correction decoding), MAC layer processing, RLC layer processing, and PDCP layer processing to the acquired baseband signal to acquire user data, etc.

[0340] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 (measuring unit 223) may perform measurements related to the received signal. For example, the measuring unit 223 may perform RRM measurement, CSI measurement, etc., based on the received signal. The measuring unit 223 may also measure received power (e.g., RSRP), received quality (e.g., RSRQ, SINR, SNR), signal strength (e.g., RSSI), propagation path information (e.g., CSI), etc. The measurement results may be output to the control unit 210.

[0341] The measurement unit 223 may derive channel measurements for CSI calculation based on channel measurement resources. Channel measurement resources may be, for example, Non Zero Power (NZP) CSI-RS resources. The measurement unit 223 may also derive interference measurements for CSI calculation based on interference measurement resources. Interference measurement resources may be at least one of the following: NZP CSI-RS resources for interference measurement, CSI-Interference Measurement (IM) resources, etc. CSI-IM may also be called CSI-Interference Management (IM), and may be interpreted interchangeably with Zero Power (ZP) CSI-RS. In this disclosure, CSI-RS, NZP CSI-RS, ZP CSI-RS, CSI-IM, CSI-SSB, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0342] In this disclosure, the transmitting unit and receiving unit of the user terminal 20 may be composed of at least one of a transmitting / receiving unit 220 and a transmitting / receiving antenna 230.

[0343] The transmitting / receiving unit 220 may perform at least some of the processing of the transmitting / receiving unit described in the appendix above.

[0344] The control unit 210 may perform at least some of the processing of the control unit described in the appendix above.

[0345] (Hardware Configuration) The block diagram used in the description of the above embodiment shows functional units. These functional blocks (components) are realized by any combination of at least one of hardware and software. Furthermore, the method of realizing each functional block is not particularly limited. That is, each functional block may be realized using one device that is physically or logically coupled, or it may be realized using two or more physically or logically separated devices that are directly or indirectly connected (for example, using wired or wireless connections). A functional block may also be realized by combining the above one device or the above multiple devices with software.

[0346] Here, functions include, but are not limited to, judgment, decision, determination, calculation, calculation, processing, derivation, investigation, exploration, confirmation, reception, transmission, output, access, resolution, selection, selection, establishment, comparison, assumption, expectation, consideration, broadcasting, notifying, communicating, forwarding, configuring, reconfiguring, allocating (mapping), and assigning. For example, a functional block (configuration part) that enables transmission may be called a transmitting unit or transmitter. In all cases, as mentioned above, the method of implementation is not particularly limited.

[0347] For example, a base station, user terminal, etc. in one embodiment of the present disclosure may function as a computer that processes the wireless communication method of the present disclosure. Figure 22 is a diagram showing an example of the hardware configuration of a base station and user terminal according to one embodiment. The base station 10 and user terminal 20 described above may be physically configured as a computer device including a processor 1001, memory 1002, storage 1003, communication device 1004, input device 1005, output device 1006, bus 1007, etc.

[0348] In this disclosure, terms such as apparatus, circuit, device, section, and unit are interchangeable. The hardware configuration of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may include one or more of the devices shown in the figure, or it may be configured without some of the devices.

[0349] For example, although only one processor 1001 is shown in the diagram, there may be multiple processors. Furthermore, the processing may be performed by one processor, or it may be performed by two or more processors simultaneously, sequentially, or by other means. Note that the processor 1001 may be implemented using one or more chips.

[0350] Each function in the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 is realized, for example, by loading predetermined software (programs) onto hardware such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, which allows the processor 1001 to perform calculations and control communication via the communication device 1004, or control at least one of reading and writing data in the memory 1002 and storage 1003.

[0351] The processor 1001 controls the entire computer, for example, by running an operating system. The processor 1001 may be composed of a central processing unit (CPU) that includes interfaces with peripheral devices, control devices, arithmetic units, registers, etc. For example, at least a part of the control unit 110 (210) and the transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) described above may be implemented by the processor 1001.

[0352] Furthermore, the processor 1001 reads programs (program code), software modules, data, etc., from at least one of the storage 1003 and the communication device 1004 into the memory 1002 and executes various processes accordingly. The program used is one that causes the computer to execute at least a part of the operations described in the above embodiment. For example, the control unit 110 (210) may be implemented by a control program stored in the memory 1002 and running on the processor 1001, and other functional blocks may be implemented similarly.

[0353] The memory 1002 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: Read Only Memory (ROM), Erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), Electrically EPROM (EEPROM), Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable storage medium. The memory 1002 may also be called a register, cache, or main memory. The memory 1002 can store executable programs (program code), software modules, etc., for carrying out a wireless communication method according to one embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0354] The storage 1003 is a computer-readable recording medium and may consist of at least one of the following: a flexible disk, a floppy disk, a magneto-optical disk (e.g., a Compact Disk (Compact Disc ROM (CD-ROM)), a Digital Use Disk, a Blu-ray (registered trademark) disk), a removable disk, a hard disk drive, a smart card, a flash memory device (e.g., a card, stick, key drive), a magnetic stripe, a database, a server, or other suitable storage medium. The storage 1003 may also be called an auxiliary storage device.

[0355] The communication device 1004 is hardware (transmitting / receiving device) for communicating between computers via at least one of a wired network and a wireless network, and is also referred to as a network device, network controller, network card, communication module, etc. The communication device 1004 may be configured to include, for example, a high-frequency switch, duplexer, filter, frequency synthesizer, etc., in order to implement at least one of frequency division duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD). For example, the above-mentioned transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220), transmitting / receiving antenna 130 (230), etc., may be implemented by the communication device 1004. The transmitting / receiving unit 120 (220) may be implemented with physically or logically separated transmitting unit 120a (220a) and receiving unit 120b (220b).

[0356] The input device 1005 is an input device that accepts input from an external source (e.g., a keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, etc.). The output device 1006 is an output device that outputs to an external source (e.g., a display, speaker, light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, etc.). The input device 1005 and the output device 1006 may be configured as an integrated unit (e.g., a touch panel).

[0357] Furthermore, each device, such as the processor 1001 and memory 1002, is connected by a bus 1007 for communicating information. The bus 1007 may be configured using a single bus, or different buses may be configured for each device.

[0358] Furthermore, the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 may be configured to include hardware such as a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), and a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and some or all of each functional block may be implemented using such hardware. For example, the processor 1001 may be implemented using at least one of these hardware components.

[0359] Furthermore, devices included in the core network 30 (for example, network nodes that provide NF) may also be implemented using the functional block / hardware configuration described above.

[0360] (Variations) Terms used in this disclosure and terms necessary for understanding this disclosure may be replaced with terms having the same or similar meanings. For example, channel, symbol and signal (signal or signaling) may be used interchangeably. Also, a signal may be a message. A reference signal may be abbreviated as RS and may be called a pilot, pilot signal, etc., depending on the applicable standard. Also, a component carrier (CC) may be called a cell, frequency carrier, carrier frequency, etc.

[0361] A wireless frame may consist of one or more periods (frames) in the time domain. Each of these periods (frames) constituting a wireless frame may be called a subframe. Furthermore, a subframe may consist of one or more slots in the time domain. A subframe may have a fixed time length (e.g., 1 ms) that is independent of numerology.

[0362] Here, the neurology may be communication parameters applied to at least one of the transmission and reception of a signal or channel. The neurology may be, for example, at least one of the following: subcarrier spacing (SCS), bandwidth, symbol length, cyclic prefix length, transmission time interval (TTI), number of symbols per TTI, radio frame configuration, specific filtering processes performed by the transceiver in the frequency domain, and specific windowing processes performed by the transceiver in the time domain.

[0363] A slot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain (such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) symbols or Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols). Alternatively, a slot may be a time unit based on neurology.

[0364] A slot may include multiple minislots. Each minislot may consist of one or more symbols in the time domain. Minislots may also be called subslots. Minislots may consist of fewer symbols than a slot. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted in a time unit larger than a minislot may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type A. A PDSCH (or PUSCH) transmitted using minislots may be called a PDSCH (PUSCH) mapping type B.

[0365] Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols all represent units of time when transmitting a signal. Wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols may each be referred to by different names. Furthermore, the units of time such as frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols in this disclosure may be interpreted as interchangeable.

[0366] For example, one subframe may be called a TTI, multiple consecutive subframes may be called a TTI, and one slot or one mini-slot may be called a TTI. In other words, at least one of a subframe and a TTI may be a subframe in existing LTE (1 ms), a period shorter than 1 ms (e.g., 1-13 symbols), or a period longer than 1 ms. Note that the unit representing a TTI may be called a slot, mini-slot, etc., instead of a subframe.

[0367] Here, TTI refers to, for example, the smallest time unit for scheduling in wireless communication. For example, in an LTE system, the base station schedules each user terminal to allocate wireless resources (such as the frequency bandwidth and transmission power available to each user terminal) in TTI units. However, the definition of TTI is not limited to this.

[0368] TTI may be a transmission time unit for channel-encoded data packets (transport blocks), code blocks, code words, etc., or it may be a processing unit for scheduling, link adaptation, etc. When a TTI is given, the actual time interval (e.g., number of symbols) in which the transport block, code block, code word, etc. are mapped may be shorter than the TTI.

[0369] Furthermore, if one slot or one mini-slot is referred to as a TTI, then one or more TTIs (i.e., one or more slots or one or more mini-slots) may constitute the minimum time unit for scheduling. In addition, the number of slots (number of mini-slots) that constitute this minimum time unit for scheduling may be controlled.

[0370] A TTI with a time length of 1 ms may be called a normal TTI, long TTI, normal subframe, long subframe, slot, etc. A TTI shorter than a normal TTI may be called a shortened TTI, short TTI, partial or fractional TTI, shortened subframe, short subframe, mini slot, sub slot, slot, etc.

[0371] Furthermore, long TTIs (e.g., normal TTIs, subframes, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a time length exceeding 1 ms, and short TTIs (e.g., shortened TTIs, etc.) may be interpreted as TTIs with a TTI length less than that of a long TTI but 1 ms or more.

[0372] A Resource Block (RB) is a resource allocation unit in the time domain and frequency domain, and in the frequency domain, it may contain one or more consecutive subcarriers. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be the same regardless of the neurology, for example, 12. The number of subcarriers in an RB may be determined based on the neurology.

[0373] Furthermore, an RB may contain one or more symbols in the time domain and may have the length of one slot, one minislot, one subframe, or one TTI. One TTI, one subframe, etc., may each consist of one or more resource blocks.

[0374] One or more RBs may also be called Physical RBs (PRBs), Sub-Carrier Groups (SCGs), Resource Element Groups (REGs), PRB pairs, RB pairs, etc.

[0375] Furthermore, a resource block may consist of one or more resource elements (REs). For example, one RE may be a radio resource area comprising one subcarrier and one symbol.

[0376] A Bandwidth Part (BWP), also known as a partial bandwidth, may represent a subset of consecutive common resource blocks (RBs) for a given neurology in a given carrier. These common RBs may be identified by an index of the RBs relative to a common reference point of the carrier. The PRBs may be defined and numbered within a given BWP.

[0377] A BWP may include UL BWP (BWP for UL) and DL BWP (BWP for DL). One or more BWPs may be configured within a single carrier for a UE.

[0378] At least one of the configured BWPs may be active, and the UE does not need to assume that it will transmit or receive a predetermined signal / channel outside of the active BWP. In this disclosure, terms such as "cell" and "carrier" may be read as "BWP".

[0379] The structures of wireless frames, subframes, slots, minislots, and symbols described above are merely examples. For example, the number of subframes included in a wireless frame, the number of slots per subframe or wireless frame, the number of minislots included in a slot, the number of symbols and RBs included in a slot or minislot, the number of subcarriers included in an RB, and the number of symbols, symbol length, and cyclic prefix (CP) length within the TTI can be varied in various ways.

[0380] Furthermore, the information, parameters, etc., described in this disclosure may be expressed using absolute values, relative values ​​from a predetermined value, or corresponding other information. For example, wireless resources may be indicated by a predetermined index.

[0381] The names used for parameters and other elements in this disclosure are not restrictive in any way. Furthermore, mathematical formulas and other elements using these parameters may differ from those expressly disclosed in this disclosure. Various channels (PUCCH, PDCCH, etc.) and information elements can be identified by any suitable name, and therefore, the various names assigned to these various channels and information elements are not restrictive in any way.

[0382] The information, signals, etc. described in this disclosure may be represented using any of the various different techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, chips, etc. that may be referred to throughout the above description may be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, optical fields or photons, or any combination thereof.

[0383] Furthermore, information, signals, etc., can be output from upper layers to lower layers and from lower layers to upper layers, or to at least one of the two. Information, signals, etc., may also be input and output via multiple network nodes.

[0384] Input and output information and signals may be stored in a specific location (e.g., memory) or managed using a management table. Input and output information and signals may be overwritten, updated, or appended to. Output information and signals may be deleted. Input information and signals may be transmitted to other devices.

[0385] Any information described in this disclosure (e.g., variables, constants, parameters) may be communicated from any first device (e.g., UE / base station) to any second device (e.g., base station / UE) that indicates / specifies (or relates to) the value of such any information, even if not specifically stated in the embodiments described above.

[0386] Information notification is not limited to the embodiments described herein and may be carried out by other means. For example, information notification in this disclosure may be carried out by physical layer signaling (e.g., Downlink Control Information (DCI), Uplink Control Information (UCI)), higher layer signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, broadcast information (Master Information Block (MIB), System Information Block (SIB)), Medium Access Control (MAC) signaling), other signals, or a combination thereof.

[0387] Physical layer signaling may also be called Layer 1 / Layer 2 (L1 / L2) control information (L1 / L2 control signals), L1 control information (L1 control signals), etc. RRC signaling may also be called RRC messages, for example, RRC Connection Setup messages, RRC Connection Reconfiguration messages, etc. MAC signaling may also be communicated using, for example, MAC Control Elements (CEs).

[0388] Furthermore, notification of the specified information (for example, notification that "X is the case") is not limited to explicit notification, but may also be made implicitly (for example, by not notifying the specified information or by notifying other information).

[0389] The determination may be made by a value represented by one bit (0 or 1), by a boolean value represented as true or false, or by a numerical comparison (for example, a comparison with a predetermined value).

[0390] Software should be broadly interpreted to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software modules, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable files, execution threads, procedures, functions, and so on, whether they are called software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or by any other name.

[0391] Furthermore, software, instructions, information, etc., may be transmitted and received via a transmission medium. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using at least one of wired technology (such as coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, or Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)) and wireless technology (such as infrared or microwave), then at least one of these wired and wireless technologies is included in the definition of a transmission medium.

[0392] The terms “system” and “network” as used in this disclosure may be used interchangeably. “Network” may also mean the equipment included in the network (e.g., base stations).

[0393] In this disclosure, terms such as “precoding,” “precoder,” “weight (precoding weight),” “quasi-co-location (QCL),” “transmission configuration indication state (TCI state),” “spatial relation,” “spatial domain filter,” “transmit power,” “phase rotation,” “antenna port,” “layer,” “number of layers,” “rank,” “resource,” “resource set,” “beam,” “beam width,” “beam angle,” “antenna,” “antenna element,” “panel,” “UE panel,” “transmitting entity,” and “receiving entity” may be used interchangeably.

[0394] In this disclosure, "antenna port" may be interpreted interchangeably with "antenna port for any signal / channel" (e.g., a Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS) port). In this disclosure, "resource" may be interpreted interchangeably with "resource for any signal / channel" (e.g., a reference signal resource, an SRS resource, etc.). Resources may include time / frequency / code / spatial / power resources. Furthermore, a spatial domain transmit filter may include at least one of a spatial domain transmit filter and a spatial domain receive filter.

[0395] The above group may include, for example, at least one of the following: a spatial relationship group, a code division multiplexing (CDM) group, a reference signal (RS) group, a control resource set (CORESET) group, a PUCCH group, an antenna port group (e.g., a DMRS port group), a layer group, a resource group, a beam group, an antenna group, or a panel group.

[0396] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as beam, SRS Resource Indicator (SRI), CORESET, CORESET pool, PDSCH, PUSCH, Codeword (CW), Transport Block (TB), and RS may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0397] Furthermore, in this disclosure, TCI state, downlink TCI state (DL TCI state), uplink TCI state (UL TCI state), unified TCI state, common TCI state, joint TCI state, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0398] Furthermore, in this disclosure, terms such as "QCL," "QCL assumption," "QCL relationship," "QCL type information," "QCL property / properties," "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D) properties," and "specific QCL type (e.g., Type A, Type D)" may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0399] In this disclosure, terms such as index, identifier (ID), indicator, indication, and resource ID may be interpreted interchangeably. In this disclosure, terms such as sequence, list, set, group, cluster, subset may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0400] Furthermore, the spatial relationship information Identifier (ID) (TCI state ID) and spatial relationship information (TCI state) may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. "Spatial relationship information (TCI state)" may be interpreted as mutually exclusive as "a set of spatial relationship information (TCI state)," "one or more pieces of spatial relationship information," etc. TCI state and TCI may be interpreted as mutually exclusive. Spatial relationship information and spatial relationship may be interpreted as mutually exclusive.

[0401] In this disclosure, terms such as “Base Station (BS),” “wireless base station,” “fixed station,” “NodeB,” “eNB (eNodeB),” “gNB (gNodeB),” “access point,” “Transmission Point (TP),” “Reception Point (RP),” “Transmission / Reception Point (TRP),” “panel,” “cell,” “sector,” “cell group,” “carrier,” and “component carrier” may be used interchangeably. Base stations may also be referred to by terms such as macrocell, small cell, femtocell, and picocell.

[0402] A base station may house one or more (e.g., three) cells. If a base station houses multiple cells, the entire coverage area of ​​the base station may be divided into several smaller areas, each of which may also be provided with communication services by a base station subsystem (e.g., a small indoor base station (Remote Radio Head (RRH))). The terms “cell” or “sector” refer to part or all of the coverage area of ​​at least one of the base station and / or base station subsystems that provide communication services in that coverage.

[0403] In this disclosure, the transmission of information by a base station to a terminal may be interpreted as the base station instructing the terminal to perform a control / operation based on said information.

[0404] In this disclosure, terms such as "Mobile Station (MS)," "user terminal," "User Equipment (UE)," and "terminal" may be used interchangeably.

[0405] A mobile station may also be called a subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other appropriate term.

[0406] At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be called a transmitting device, a receiving device, a wireless communication device, etc. At least one of the base station and the mobile station may also be a device mounted on a moving object, the moving object itself, etc.

[0407] The term "mobile object" refers to any movable object, regardless of its speed, and naturally includes cases where the mobile object is stationary. Examples of such mobile objects include, but are not limited to, vehicles, transport vehicles, automobiles, motorcycles, bicycles, connected cars, excavators, bulldozers, wheel loaders, dump trucks, forklifts, trains, buses, handcarts, rickshaws, ships and other watercraft, airplanes, rockets, satellites, drones, multicopters, quadcopters, balloons, and items carried on them. Furthermore, such mobile objects may be autonomously driven objects operating based on operational commands.

[0408] The mobile entity may be a vehicle (e.g., a car, an airplane), an unmanned mobile entity (e.g., a drone, an autonomous vehicle), or a robot (manned or unmanned). At least one of the base station and the mobile station may be a device that does not necessarily move during communication operations. For example, at least one of the base station and the mobile station may be an Internet of Things (IoT) device such as a sensor.

[0409] Figure 23 shows an example of a vehicle according to one embodiment. The vehicle 40 includes a drive unit 41, a steering unit 42, an accelerator pedal 43, a brake pedal 44, a shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, an axle 48, an electronic control unit 49, various sensors (including a current sensor 50, a rotation speed sensor 51, a pneumatic pressure sensor 52, a vehicle speed sensor 53, an acceleration sensor 54, an accelerator pedal sensor 55, a brake pedal sensor 56, a shift lever sensor 57, and an object detection sensor 58), an information service unit 59, and a communication module 60.

[0410] The drive unit 41 consists of, for example, at least one of an engine, a motor, or an engine-motor hybrid. The steering unit 42 includes at least a steering wheel (also called a handle) and is configured to steer at least one of the front wheels 46 and the rear wheels 47 based on the operation of the steering wheel operated by the user.

[0411] The electronic control unit 49 consists of a microprocessor 61, memory (ROM, RAM) 62, and communication ports (e.g., input / output (IO) ports) 63. Signals from various sensors 50-58 installed in the vehicle are input to the electronic control unit 49. The electronic control unit 49 may also be called an Electronic Control Unit (ECU).

[0412] Signals from various sensors 50-58 include current signals from current sensor 50 for sensing motor current, rotational speed signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by rotational speed sensor 51, air pressure signals of front wheels 46 / rear wheels 47 acquired by air pressure sensor 52, vehicle speed signals acquired by vehicle speed sensor 53, acceleration signals acquired by acceleration sensor 54, accelerator pedal depression amount signals acquired by accelerator pedal sensor 55, brake pedal depression amount signals acquired by brake pedal sensor 56, operation signals of shift lever 45 acquired by shift lever sensor 57, and detection signals acquired by object detection sensor 58 for detecting obstacles, vehicles, pedestrians, etc.

[0413] The information service unit 59 consists of various devices for providing (outputting) various types of information such as driving information, traffic information, and entertainment information, including a car navigation system, audio system, speakers, display, television, and radio, and one or more ECUs that control these devices. The information service unit 59 uses information acquired from external devices via a communication module 60 or the like to provide various types of information / services (for example, multimedia information / multimedia services) to the occupants of the vehicle 40.

[0414] The information service unit 59 may include input devices that accept input from the outside (e.g., keyboard, mouse, microphone, switch, button, sensor, touch panel, etc.) or output devices that perform output to the outside (e.g., display, speaker, LED lamp, touch panel, etc.).

[0415] The driver assistance system unit 64 consists of various devices that provide functions to prevent accidents or reduce the driver's workload, such as millimeter-wave radar, Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), cameras, positioning locators (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)), map information (e.g., High Definition (HD) maps, Autonomous Vehicle (AV) maps), gyro systems (e.g., Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), Inertial Navigation System (INS)), artificial intelligence (AI) chips, and AI processors, as well as one or more ECUs that control these devices. The driver assistance system unit 64 also transmits and receives various information via the communication module 60 to realize driver assistance functions or autonomous driving functions.

[0416] The communication module 60 can communicate with the microprocessor 61 and components of the vehicle 40 via the communication port 63. For example, the communication module 60 sends and receives data (information) via the communication port 63 to the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, the microprocessor 61 and memory (ROM, RAM) 62 in the electronic control unit 49, and various sensors 50-58 provided in the vehicle 40.

[0417] The communication module 60 is a communication device that can be controlled by the microprocessor 61 of the electronic control unit 49 and can communicate with external devices. For example, it can send and receive various types of information to and from external devices via wireless communication. The communication module 60 may be located either inside or outside the electronic control unit 49. The external device may be, for example, the base station 10 or the user terminal 20 described above. Alternatively, the communication module 60 may be, for example, at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20 (it may function as at least one of the base station 10 and the user terminal 20).

[0418] The communication module 60 may transmit at least one of the following to an external device via wireless communication: signals from the various sensors 50-58 input to the electronic control unit 49, information obtained based on said signals, and information based on input from an external source (user) obtained via the information service unit 59. The electronic control unit 49, the various sensors 50-58, the information service unit 59, etc., may also be called input units that accept input. For example, the PUSCH transmitted by the communication module 60 may include the information based on the above input.

[0419] The communication module 60 receives various information (traffic information, signal information, inter-vehicle information, etc.) transmitted from an external device and displays it on the information service unit 59 installed in the vehicle. The information service unit 59 may also be called an output unit, which outputs information (for example, it outputs information to devices such as displays and speakers based on the PDSCH (or data / information decoded from the PDSCH) received by the communication module 60).

[0420] Furthermore, the communication module 60 stores various information received from external devices in a memory 62 that can be used by the microprocessor 61. Based on the information stored in the memory 62, the microprocessor 61 may control the drive unit 41, steering unit 42, accelerator pedal 43, brake pedal 44, shift lever 45, left and right front wheels 46, left and right rear wheels 47, axle 48, various sensors 50-58, etc., which are provided in the vehicle 40.

[0421] Furthermore, the term "base station" in this disclosure may be interpreted as "user terminal." For example, the various aspects / embodiments of this disclosure may be applied to a configuration in which communication between a base station and a user terminal is replaced with communication between multiple user terminals (which may be called, for example, Device-to-Device (D2D), Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X)). In this case, the user terminal 20 may have the functions of the base station 10 described above. Also, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" may be interpreted as terms corresponding to terminal-to-terminal communication (for example, "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., may be interpreted as sidelink channel.

[0422] Similarly, the term "user terminal" in this disclosure may be replaced with "base station." In this case, the base station 10 may be configured to have the same functions as the user terminal 20 described above.

[0423] In this disclosure, operations performed by a base station may, in some cases, be performed by its upper node. In a network including one or more network nodes having base stations, it is clear that various operations performed for communication with terminals may be performed by the base station, one or more network nodes other than the base station (for example, a Mobility Management Entity (MME), a Serving Gateway (S-GW), etc., but not limited to these), or a combination thereof.

[0424] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be used individually, in combination, or switched between as needed during execution. Furthermore, the processing procedures, sequences, flowcharts, etc., of each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure may be rearranged in order, provided they are consistent. For example, the methods described in this disclosure present various step elements using exemplary order and are not limited to the specific order presented.

[0425] Each aspect / embodiment described in this disclosure is Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), xth generation mobile communication system (xG (where x is, for example, an integer or decimal)), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM®), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi®), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX®), IEEE 802.20, systems utilizing Ultra-WideBand (UWB), Bluetooth®, or other appropriate wireless communication methods, and next-generation systems extended, modified, created, or defined based thereon may also be applied. Furthermore, multiple systems may be applied in combination (for example, a combination of LTE or LTE-A and 5G).

[0426] As used in this disclosure, the recitation "based on" does not mean "based solely on" unless otherwise specified. In other words, the recitation "based on" means both "based solely on" and "based at least in part on".

[0427] Any reference to an element using designations such as "first", "second", etc. used in this disclosure does not generally limit the amount or order of those elements. These designations can be used in this disclosure as a convenient way to distinguish between two or more elements. Thus, a reference to first and second elements does not mean that only two elements can be employed or that the first element must precede the second element in any way.

[0428] The term "determining" as used in this disclosure may encompass a variety of operations. For example, "determining" may be considered to be "judging", "calculating", "computing", "processing", "deriving", "investigating", "looking up, searching, inquiring" (e.g., searching in a table, database or another data structure), "ascertaining", etc.

[0429] Also, "determining" may be considered to be "receiving" (e.g., receiving information), "transmitting" (e.g., transmitting information), "input", "output", "accessing" (e.g., accessing data in a memory), etc.

[0430] Also, "judgment (decision)" may be regarded as "resolving", "selecting", "choosing", "establishing", "comparing", etc. by "judgment (decision)". That is, "judgment (decision)" may be regarded as "judgment (decision)" of some action. In the present disclosure, "judgment (decision)" may be mutually read as the above-described actions.

[0431] Also, in the present disclosure, "judgment (decision) (determine / determining)" may be mutually read as "assume / assuming", "expect / expecting", "consider / considering", etc. Note that in the present disclosure, "not assume to do..." may be mutually read as "assume not to do...".

[0432] In the present disclosure, "expect" may be mutually read as "be expected". For example, "(expect(s)...) (where "..." may be expressed by, for example, a that clause, an infinitive, etc.)" may be mutually read as "be expected...", "(do the verb without 'to' when the above '...' is an infinitive)", etc. "(does not expect...)" may be mutually read as "(be not expected...)", "(do not do the verb without 'to' when the above '...' is an infinitive)", etc. Also, "(An apparatus A is not expected...)" may be mutually read as "An apparatus other than apparatus A, apparatus B, does not expect... about the apparatus A" (for example, when apparatus A is a UE, apparatus B may be a base station).

[0433] The term "maximum transmit power" as used in this disclosure may mean the maximum transmit power, the nominal UE maximum transmit power, or the rated UE maximum transmit power.

[0434] As used in this disclosure, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” and any variations thereof mean any direct or indirect connection or coupling between two or more elements, and may include one or more intermediate elements between two elements that are “connected” or “coupled” with each other. The coupling or connection between elements may be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. For example, “connection” may be replaced with “access.”

[0435] In this disclosure, when two elements are connected, they can be considered to be "connected" or "coupled" to each other using one or more wires, cables, printed electrical connections, etc., and, in some non-exclusive and non-exclusive examples, electromagnetic energy having wavelengths in the radio frequency domain, microwave domain, and optical (both visible and invisible) domain.

[0436] In this disclosure, the term "A and B are different" may mean "A and B are different from each other." The term may also mean "A and B are each different from C." Terms such as "separate" and "combine" may be interpreted similarly to "different."

[0437] Where the terms “include,” “including,” and variations thereof are used in this disclosure, these terms are intended to be inclusive, as is the term “comprising.” Furthermore, the term “or” as used in this disclosure is not intended to mean exclusive OR.

[0438] In this disclosure, if articles are added by translation, such as a, an, and the in English, this disclosure may include the fact that the noun following these articles is plural.

[0439] In this disclosure, "less than or equal to," "less than," "greater than or equal to," "more than," and "equal to" may be interpreted interchangeably. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. In addition, in this disclosure, words meaning "good," "bad," "big," "small," "high," "low," "early," "slow," "wide," and "narrow" may be interpreted interchangeably, not limited to the positive, comparative, and superlative degrees, by adding "i-th" (where i is any integer) to the expression (for example, "highest" may be interpreted interchangeably with "i-th highest").

[0440] In this disclosure, "of," "for," "regarding," "related to," and "associated with" may be interpreted as being interchangeable.

[0441] In this disclosure, phrases such as "when A, B", "if A, then B", "B upon A", "B in response to A", "B based on A", "B during / while A", "B before A", "B at (the same time as) / on A", "B after A", "B since A", and "B until A" may be interchangeable. Furthermore, A, B, etc., may be replaced with appropriate expressions such as nouns, gerunds, or regular sentences depending on the context. The time difference between A and B may be approximately zero (immediately after or immediately before). Additionally, a time offset may be applied to the time when A occurs. For example, "A" may be interpreted as "before / after the time offset when A occurs". The time offset (e.g., one or more symbols / slots) may be predetermined or determined by the UE based on notified information.

[0442] In this disclosure, timing, time, duration, time instance, any unit of time (e.g., slot, subslot, symbol, subframe), period, occasion, resource, etc., may be interpreted interchangeably.

[0443] Although the invention described herein has been explained in detail above, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that the invention described herein is not limited to the embodiments described herein. The descriptions herein are illustrative and not intended to be restrictive in any way to the invention described herein.

Claims

1. A terminal having: a receiving unit that receives settings for sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resources for bistatic sensing (BS1-to-BS2) from a first base station to a second base station; and a control unit that decides not to transmit a UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource.

2. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the settings relating to the sensing CSI resource are at least one of the following: a sensing-dedicated CSI report setting, a sensing-dedicated CSI resource setting, a sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource set setting, and a sensing-dedicated CSI-RS resource setting.

3. The terminal according to claim 1, wherein the settings relating to the sensing CSI resource include settings relating to the measurement and reception of sensing CSI-RS bursts.

4. A wireless communication method for a terminal comprising: receiving settings for a sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resource for (BS1-to-BS2) bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station; and deciding not to transmit a UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource.

5. A base station comprising: a transmitting unit that transmits settings for sensing Channel State Information (CSI) resources for (BS1-to-BS2) bistatic sensing from a first base station to a second base station; and a control unit that determines not to receive a UL signal on the sensing CSI-Reference Signal (RS) resource set in the settings for the sensing CSI resource.

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