Stable PH compositions containing bioactive glass and mixtures of amino acids

Abstract

A composition, comprising: a bioactive glass, comprising: 10-60 wt.% SiO2; 0-15 wt.% ZrO2; 10-60 wt.% CaO; and 1-30 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass; at least one first amino acid comprising a side chain, the side chain having a functional group having a pKa of 7 or less; and at least one second amino acid different from the first amino acid, the at least one second amino acid having an isoelectric point of 5-8; wherein the composition has a pH of 5-9.

Description

Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTSTABLE PH COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING BIOACTIVE GLASS AND MIXTURES OF AMINO ACIDSCROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 699,349 filed on September 26, 2024, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.FIELD

[0002] The disclosure relates generally to compositions having a stable pH that contain bioactive glass and mixtures of amino acids, and more particularly to dentifrice or cosmetic compositions having a stable pH in the 5-9 or 6.5-8.5 range that contain bioactive glass and mixtures of at least two types of amino acids as disclosed herein.BACKGROUND

[0003] Compositions, such as dentifrice and cosmetic compositions, have become an integral part of daily routines worldwide, with a vast array of products catering to a myriad of diverse consumer needs. Certain ingredients in these compositions can sometimes cause stability issues over time, such as pH stability. If such stability issues are not adequately addressed, these compositions may have inadequate shelf lives among other potential issues. Thus, there remains a need in the art for improved compositions, such as dentifrice and cosmetic compositions, that are stable over time. This disclosure is directed toward these, as well as other, important ends.SUMMARY

[0004] The disclosure relates, in various aspects, to A composition, comprising: a bioactive glass, comprising:10-60 wt.% SiCh;0.1-15 wt.% ZrCh;10-60 wt.% CaO; and1-30 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass; at least one first amino acid comprising a side chain, the side chain having a functional group having a pKa of 7 or less; andAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT at least one second amino acid different from the first amino acid, the at least one second amino acid having an isoelectric point of 5-8; wherein the composition has a pH of 5-9.

[0005] Additional features and advantages of the disclosure will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the aspects as described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings.

[0006] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are merely exemplary and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the disclosure and claims. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate various aspects of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the various aspects.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] The following detailed description can be further understood when read in conjunction with the following drawings. Whenever possible, the same reference numerals will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. It is to be understood that the figures are not drawn to scale and the size of each depicted component or the relative size of one component to another is not intended to be limiting.

[0008] FIG. 1 is a line graph depicting percent weight loss versus time for a bioactive glass of the disclosure compared to a comparative bioactive glass.

[0009] FIG. 2 is a line graph depicting pH versus time for a bioactive glass of the disclosure compared to a comparative bioactive glass, in each case in the absence of any amino acid. Also depicted is a control containing no bioactive glass or amino acid.

[0010] FIG. 3 is a line graph depicting pH versus time for a bioactive glass of the disclosure in the presence of varying amounts of two amino acids.

[0011] FIG. 4 is a line graph depicting pH versus time for a bioactive glass of the disclosure in the presence of varying amounts of two amino acids.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a line graph depicting pH versus time for a bioactive glass of the disclosure in the presence of varying amounts of two amino acids.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTDETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] In the following description, whenever a group is described as comprising at least one of a group of elements and combinations thereof, it is understood that the group may comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of any number of those elements recited, either individually or in combination with each other. Similarly, whenever a group is described as consisting of at least one of a group of elements or combinations thereof, it is understood that the group may consist of any number of those elements recited, either individually or in combination with each other.

[0014] Where a range of numerical values is recited herein, comprising upper and lower values, unless otherwise stated in specific circumstances, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and all integers and fractions within the range. Further, when an amount, concentration, or other value or parameter is given as a range, one or more ranges, or a list of upper values and lower values, this is to be understood as specifically disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit or value and any lower range limit or value, regardless of whether such pairs are separately disclosed.

[0015] The term “substantially” may be utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. This term is also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue. Thus, for example, a composition that is “substantially free” of any specific component (e.g., AI2O3, MgO, or any other component) is one in which the component is not actively added or batched into the composition, but may be present in small amounts as a contaminant (e.g., less than 1000, 500, 400, 300, 200, or 100 ppm), or, if actively added or batched, is present in an amount less than 1 wt.% (e.g., or can be specified to be less than 0.5 wt.%, 0.1 wt.%, or 0.05 wt.%.), based on total amount of the composition (moles or mass for ppm, and mass for wt.%).

[0016] Herein, glass compositions are expressed in terms of wt.% amounts of particular components included therein on an oxide bases unless otherwise indicated (e.g., the amounts may instead be expressed in mol.%). Any component having more than one oxidation state may be present in a glass composition in any oxidation state. However, concentrations of such component are expressed in terms of the oxide in which such component is at its lowest oxidation state unless otherwise indicated. All amounts of components of bioactive glasses herein are based on the total weight of the bioactive glass, unless specified otherwise.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0017] As used herein, the terms “mass” and “weight” are used interchangeably without any difference in meaning intended.

[0018] As used herein, the term “aqueous” means that a composition comprises an amount of water to such an extent that one of ordinary skill in the field would consider the composition to be “aqueous” as opposed to “non-aqueous.” By way of example, a dentifrice or cosmetic composition containing at least 20 wt.% water, at least 50 wt.% water, at least 67 wt.% water, or any other amount of water disclosed elsewhere herein, based on the total weight of the composition, could be considered to be “aqueous” by one of ordinary skill in the art, depending on context. Similarly, a dentifrice or cosmetic composition containing less than a certain amount of water could be considered to be “non-aqueous” (e.g., less than 67 wt.%, less, than 50 wt.%, less than 20 wt.%, or any other water amount disclosed elsewhere herein), depending on context. Such context may include the presence of bioactive glass and the stability of such bioactive glass in a given composition.

[0019] As used herein, a glass, glass-ceramic, or crystalline phase that is “bioactive” means that the glass, glass-ceramic, or crystalline phase is biologically compatible with bone, teeth, and / or tissue. By way of illustration, in some aspects, “bioactive” in this context refers to (1) the ability to form apatite (or other bioactive crystalline phases such as hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, carbonated apatite, or any combination thereof) in a simulated body fluid, such as artificial saliva, according to ASTM F1538-03 (2017), and / or (2) the capability of binding with a desired biological material (e.g., bones, teeth, and / or tissue). Generally, there is also an absence of toxicity or other significant negative effects in a biological environment (e.g., bones, teeth, and / or tissue).

[0020] As used herein, the term “>0” means “greater than zero.” Similarly, terms such as “>0-10” means “greater than zero and less than or equal to 10.” Similar meanings can be ascribed to similar terms that merely have different numbers.

[0021] The pH of a composition can be measured using a pH electrode, as would be understood in the art. In the case of compositions such as toothpastes, which generally are viscous and do not lend themselves well to direct measurement, the pH of the composition is measured with a pH electrode after first diluting the toothpaste in a ratio of one part toothpaste by mass to three parts water by mass, based on ISO 11609.

[0022] Oral diseases impact approximately 3.5 billion people globally during their lifetime, which may manifest themselves in several ways, leading to pain, discomfort, or potentially more serious health issues. For instance, the formation of dental caries and dentin hypersensitivity are two of the most common problems impacting human oral health. TheAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT formation of caries, as caused by acid erosion or plaque buildup on the tooth, results from the demineralization of the tooth. In other words, apatite crystals at the tooth surface dissolve under these conditions, resulting in enamel loss as well as in calcium and phosphate ion release into the mouth. The caries can be managed non-invasively by initiating a remineralization process, in which calcium and phosphate ions are supplied through an external source to promote crystal deposition into voids in demineralized enamel. The use of amorphous forms of calcium phosphate (i.e. bioactive glasses) has shown the most promising evidence for delivering the ions required for remineralization, in which the glass dissolves at a controlled rate while in saliva and converts to phases such as hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, and other calcium phosphate phases that are compatible with tooth mineral.

[0023] Bioactive glasses, such as 45S5 Bioglass® (see US Patent 4, 234,972), degrade in the body and convert to apatite, making them beneficial for a range of biomedical applications. However, the rapid reactivity of certain bioactive glasses, like 45 S5, does not allow for their use in aqueous compositions, such as aqueous dentifrice (e.g., toothpastes) or cosmetic composition, since long-term storage in an aqueous chassis will result in a build-up of ions and / or solid products prior to delivery in the intended application. Ion release from the glass will lead to significant changes in the pH of the aqueous composition, which has negative impacts upon characteristics like flavor (e.g., in a toothpaste) and stability, including impacts on morphology and rheological properties, as well as shelf-life. As a result, the leading bioactive glass (45 S5) containing toothpaste product on the market, Sensodyne Repair and Protect® from Haleon pic., is a glycerin-based formulation to avoid negative effects resulting from use of 45 S5 in an aqueous environment.

[0024] In contrast, the bioactive glasses disclosed herein have much improved water durability compared to 45 S5 while still have high bioactivity. In addition, compositions containing the bioactive glasses of the disclosure also have smaller impacts upon pH drift in water-based compositions as compared to 45 S5. Use of amino acids in a composition containing calcium ions and / or phosphate ions can also provide rapid sensitivity relief (e.g., Pro- Argin™ toothpaste containing CaCCh and arginine, available from Colgate) and apatite mineralization (e.g., U.S. Provisional Patent application Nos. 63 / 608,465 filed on December 11, 2023 and 63 / 455,484 filed on March 29, 2023, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). In some aspects, disclosed is a methodology for stabilizing pH drift in a composition, such as aqueous dentifrice (e.g., toothpaste) or cosmetic compositions, containing bioactive glasses by the introduction of a combination of amino acids into the composition. Slow rises observed in pH of the composition as ions are released from theAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT bioactive glass are counteracted by the presence of a combination of amino acids. The pH increases negatively impact the compositions in various ways, including the flavor of the compositions, which is undesired when used in an oral care application (e.g., as dentifrice compositions). As a result, maintaining a near-neutral pH is desired, particularly in the oral care industry. The pH changes can also affect the stability of the composition, which is undesired in any application, including both dentifrice and cosmetic. Previous solutions to counteracting the negative effects of ionic release from bioactive glasses have employed nonaqueous carriers, such as glycerol-based compositions, which are expensive due to the high content of glycerol. Thus, an aqueous-based composition is preferred from at least a cost perspective, though in some aspects of the disclosure non-aqueous compositions can still benefit from the disclosures herein (e.g., combination of bioactive glass and at least two types of amino acids).

[0025] In some aspects, disclosed herein are compositions comprising a bioactive glass and a combination of amino acids. In some aspects, such compositions have a stable pH, especially when such compositions are aqueous (e.g., aqueous dentifrice (e.g., toothpaste) or aqueous cosmetic compositions). In some aspects, the use of a combination of amino acids with bioactive glass manages the pH drift of the composition observed in aging studies, resulting in a controlled pH at near-neutral levels (e.g., 5-9, 6.5-8.5, or any other pH disclosed herein) over the lifetime of the composition.

[0026] In some aspects, disclosed are compositions comprising bioactive glass and a combination of amino acids, in which the compositions are aqueous (e.g., dentifrice or cosmetic), such that when ionic release (such as Na+, K+, or Ca2+) occurs within the composition, the presence of the combination of amino acids counteracts the pH rise that is observed in otherwise identical compositions that do not contain the combination of amino acids. In some aspects, the present disclosure provides compositions that reduce the potential change in pH upon bioactive glass contact with water, which pH change would otherwise alter the morphology or rheological properties in composition and, eventually, impact its shelf life. The present disclosure minimizes this rise in pH of the composition by employing the bioactive glasses disclosed herein in addition to a combination of amino acids as disclosed herein. In some aspects, such compositions have a pH that are maintained near neutral (e.g., 5-9, 6.5-8.5, or any other pH disclosed herein) during storage lifetime.

[0027] In some aspects, disclosed are compositions comprising bioactive glass and a combination of amino acids. In some aspects, such compositions also contain one or more of the following components: water as a solvent, at least one humectant (e.g., at least oneAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT polyalcohol, such as glycerol), at least one thickening agent, at least one pH buffering agent, at least one preservative, at least one flavoring agent, at least one fluoride-ion source, or any combination thereof.

[0028] In some aspects, disclosed is a composition (e.g., dentifrice or cosmetic) comprising: a bioactive glass, comprising:10-60 wt.% SiCh;0.1-15 wt.% ZrCh;10-60 wt.% CaO; and1-30 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass; at least one first amino acid comprising a side chain, the side chain having a functional group having a pKa of less than 7; and at least one second amino acid different from the first amino acid, the at least one second amino acid having an isoelectric point of 5-8; optionally, wherein the composition has a pH of 5-9.

[0029] In some aspects, the composition is configured as a dentifrice composition or a cosmetic composition.

[0030] In some aspects, the composition is configured as a dentifrice composition, and the dentifrice composition comprises one or more of the following carrier components: water, at least one humectant, at least one fluoride source, at least one flavoring agent, at least one surfactant, at least one sweetener, at least one whitening agent, at least one abrasive, or any combination thereof. Thus, the dentifrice compositions herein can comprise one or more of these ingredients. These ingredients typically are referred to herein either as a carrier component, or simply as part of the dentifrice composition, but both descriptions are accurate and are intended to cover the same concept. However, amounts of a given ingredient are typically disclosed with respect to the total weight of the dentifrice composition, rather than total weight of the carrier. Various ingredients of the compositions (e.g., dentifrice compositions) herein may serve multiple functions and thus may be categorized as more than one type of ingredient. For example, silica may act as both an abrasive and a whitening agent. Therefore, while the categories of ingredients may provide a useful framework for understanding the different roles of ingredients, they are not mutually exclusive and many ingredients may straddle multiple categories. In this regard, if a given composition is disclosed to have both at least one abrasive and at least one whitening agent, then twoAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT different such components must be present. In other words, one component (e.g., an abrasive) cannot be deemed to satisfy both the requirement for an abrasive and the requirement for a whitening agent in the same composition.

[0031] The humectant and fluoride source are described elsewhere herein more generically with respect to a composition (i.e., not limited to a dentifrice or cosmetic composition).

[0032] In some aspects, the dentifrice compositions comprise at least one flavoring agent. In some aspects, the at least one flavoring agent comprises peppermint oil, spearmint oil, wintergreen oil, orange oil, lemon oil, eucalyptus oil, fennel oil, cinnamon (e.g., ground cinnamon, cinnamaldehyde, or a combination thereof), anethole, eugenol, vanillin, or any combination thereof.

[0033] In some aspects, the dentifrice compositions comprise at least one surfactant. In some aspects the at least one surfactant comprises sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, cocamidopropyl betaine, sodium lauroyl sarcosinate, sodium cocoyl glutamate, sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, poloxamer (such as an ethylene oxide / propylene oxide copolymers), or any combination thereof.

[0034] In some aspects, the dentifrice compositions comprise at least one sweetener. In some aspects, the at least one sweetener includes, for example, xylitol, sorbitol, erythritol, mannitol, stevia, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, honey, agave nectar, sugar, and the like, or any combination thereof.

[0035] In some aspects, the dentifrice compositions comprise at least one whitening agent. In some aspects, the at least one whitening agent comprises silica (e.g., hydrated silica), calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, titanium dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, carbamide peroxide, papain, charcoal, sodium tripolyphosphates, or any combination thereof.

[0036] In some aspects, the dentifrice compositions comprise at least one abrasive. In some aspects, the at least one abrasive comprises silica (e.g., hydrated silica, silica gel, colloidal silica, or any combination thereof), zinc orthophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, calcium carbonate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium pyrophosphate, or any combination thereof. Although the bioactive glasses disclosed herein may potentially have an abrasive effect in the dentifrice compositions, the bioactive glasses are not considered an abrasive herein for purposes of the amounts or inclusion of the at least one abrasive.

[0037] In some aspects, the dentifrice composition is a toothpaste, a tooth gel, a mouthwash, or a powder. In some aspects, when the dentifrice composition is a powder, suchAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT powder can be used by an end user in powder form (e.g., by brushing with the powder), or such powder can be reconstituted with a liquid like water, glycerin, or a combination thereof prior to use by an end user such that the reconstituted composition can be used like a toothpaste, tooth gel, mouthwash, and so forth.

[0038] Exemplary dentifrice compositions include, but are not limited to, those that can be prepared by combining, in any manner desired, the components in any of the ranges set forth in Table 1 below:Table 1

[0039] In some aspects, the composition is configured as a cosmetic composition, and the cosmetic composition comprises a carrier containing one or more of the following carrier components: a skin soothing agent, an emollient, a humectant, a mineral, an antioxidant, a sun filter, a rheology modifier, a preservative, an emulsifier, a stabilizer, a pigment, a texturizer, a diluent, or any combination thereof. Thus, the cosmetic compositions herein can comprise one or more of these ingredients. These ingredients typically are referred to herein either as a carrier component, or simply as part of the cosmetic composition, but both descriptions are accurate and are intended to cover the same concept. However, amounts of a given ingredient are typically disclosed with respect to the total weight of the cosmetic composition, rather than total weight of the carrier. In some aspects, the carrier comprises a skin soothing agent and an emollient. In some aspects, the carrier comprises a sun filter, and antioxidant, and a humectant. All other possible combinations of the disclosed carrierAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT components are contemplated. It is important to note that there can be overlap among these categories of carrier components in cosmetic compositions. A carrier component may serve multiple functions and thus fall into more than one category. For example, a certain carrier component may act as both an emollient and a humectant, contributing to skin hydration by both sealing in moisture and attracting additional moisture to the skin. Similarly, some minerals can also act as sun filters. Therefore, while these categories provide a useful framework for understanding the different roles of carrier components, they are not mutually exclusive and many components may straddle multiple categories. In this regard, if a given composition is disclosed to have both a humectant and an emollient, or both a mineral and a sun filter, then two different such components must be present. In other words, one component (e.g., an emollient) cannot be deemed to satisfy both the requirement for an emollient and the requirement for a humectant in the same composition.

[0040] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more skin soothing agents. Skin soothing agents are category of carrier components that are known for their ability to calm and alleviate skin irritation. These agents can help to reduce redness, inflammation, and discomfort on the skin, providing a soothing effect. In some aspects, the skin soothing agent comprises botanic extracts, allantoin, bisabolol, colloidal oatmeal, panthenol, niacinamide, or any combination thereof. Botanic extracts are substances obtained from plants that have desirable properties for skincare. The botanic extracts can be extracted from various parts of the plant, such as the leaves, flowers, roots, or seeds. Examples include witch hazel extract (astringent and soothing), green tea extract (antioxidant and antiinflammatory), and aloe vera extract (soothing and hydrating).

[0041] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more emollients. Emollients are a category of carrier components that help to soften and smooth the skin. They work by filling in the spaces between skin cells with lipids, creating a smooth surface. They also help to improve the skin's hydration levels by forming a protective layer that seals in moisture. In some aspects, the emollient comprises caprylic / capric triglycerides, cetyl alcohol, ceramide, phytosphiosine, squalene, seed oils, botanic extract oils, isohexadecane, isononyl isononanoate, stearalkonium hectorite, galactoarabinan, isoeicosane, hydrogenated polyisobutene, dimethicone, allantoin, niacinamidejojoba oil, shea butter, avocado oil, argan oil, lanolin, petrolatum, mineral oil, isopropyl myristate, stearyl alcohol, myristyl myristate, or any combination thereof. Botanic extract oils are oils obtained from plants, often through a process of cold pressing or steam distillation. They can provide emollient and nourishing properties, and some may have specific benefits such as antiAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT inflammatory or antioxidant effects. Examples include jojoba oil (similar to skin's natural sebum, moisturizing), rosehip oil (rich in vitamins A and C, can help with skin regeneration), and tea tree oil (antibacterial, often used for acne-prone skin).

[0042] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more minerals. Minerals are a category of carrier components that are inorganic substances occurring naturally in the earth. In cosmetics, minerals can serve various functions, such as acting as colorants, absorbents, bulking agents, or as part of sun filters. In some aspects, the mineral comprises magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, zinc chloride, or any combination thereof.

[0043] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprises one or more antioxidants. Antioxidants are a category of carrier components that help to protect the skin from oxidative damage caused by environmental stressors like UV radiation and pollution. Antioxidants in some aspects work by neutralizing harmful free radicals, thereby helping to prevent skin damage and premature aging. In some aspects, the antioxidant comprises vitamin E, provitamin B5, vitamin C, vitamin A, green tea extract, resveratrol, coenzyme Qio, lycopene, or any combination thereof.

[0044] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more sun filters. Sun filters are a category of carrier components that help to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV radiation. Sun filters can either absorb, reflect, block, or scatter UV rays, preventing them from penetrating the skin and causing damage. In some aspects, the sun filter comprises titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, avobenzone, octinoxate, octisalate, oxybenzone, homosalate, or any combination thereof.

[0045] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprises one or more rheology modifiers. Rheology modifiers are a category of carrier components that alter the flow properties of cosmetic compositions. They can influence the viscosity (e.g., thickness), spreadability, and texture of a product, enhancing its stability and performance. In some aspects, the rheology modifier comprises hydroxypropyl guar, cetyl palmitate, xanthan gum, botanic extract buffers, cetearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, silica, alumina, PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate, wax, caprate, triheptanoin, dilinoleic acid, hydroxyethylcellulose, carbomer, acacia gum, carrageenan, agar, pectin, bentonite, montmorillonite, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or any combination thereof. Botanic extract buffers are substances derived from plants that can help to stabilize the pH of a cosmetic formulation. Maintaining an appropriate pH is in some aspects important for the product's effectiveness and the skin's or hair’s health. Examples might include citric acid (derived from citrus fruits)Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT or lactic acid (found in some fruits and sugars, though it's often produced by bacterial fermentation for cosmetic use). These ingredients can help to ensure the product is at a pH that is compatible with the skin and allows the other ingredients to function effectively.

[0046] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more preservatives. Preservatives are a category of carrier components that help to prevent the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi in cosmetic products. They are desirable for maintaining the product's safety, efficacy, and shelf-life. In some aspects, the preservative comprises phenoxyethanol, sorbic acid, caprylyl glycol, 1,2-hexanediol, benzyl alcohol, behentrimonium methosulfate, dehydroacetic acid, ethylhexylglycerin, sodium benzoate, potassium sorbate, methylparaben, ethylparaben, propylparaben, DMDM hydantoin, quaternium-15, or any combination thereof.

[0047] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more emulsifiers. Emulsifiers are a category of carrier components that help to provide a stable emulsion (e.g., by facilitating emulsification of oil and water phases in a formulation), creating a homogenous mixture. They are desirable in many types of cosmetic products, including creams and lotions. In some aspects, the emulsifier comprises cetearyl alcohol, cetearyl glucoside, ceteareth-20, behentrimonium methosulfate, behenyl alcohol, polyglyceryl-3 stearate, glyceryl stearate, sodium acrylate, isohexadecane, polysorbate 80, sodium lauroyl lactylate, lecithin, polyglyceryl-4 oleate, olive sedate, PEG-7 glyceryl monococoate, sorbitan stearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, sucrose laurate, lecithin, sodium stearoyl glutamate, glyceryl oleate citrate, or any combination thereof.

[0048] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more stabilizers. Stabilizers are a category of carrier components that help to maintain the consistency, texture, and longevity of a product. They can prevent separation or changes in the formulation over time, ensuring the product performs as expected for its entire shelf-life. In some aspects, the stabilizer comprises sodium gluconate, sodium citrate, potassium citrate, calcium gluconate, magnesium gluconate, or any combination thereof.

[0049] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more pigments. Pigments are a category of carrier components that add color to cosmetic products. Pigments can be organic or inorganic and are used in a wide range of products, from foundations and blushes, to eyeshadows and lipsticks, to lotions. In some aspects, the pigment comprises iron oxide, mica, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide, ultramarines, chromium oxide greens, ferric ferrocyanide, carmine, or any combination thereof.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0050] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more texturizers. Texturizers are a category of carrier components that contribute to the sensory attributes of a product, such as its feel, look, or application. Texturizers can help to improve a product's spreadability, absorption, or finish on the skin or hair. Texturizers may also act as abrasives, providing an exfoliating quality to the cosmetic composition. Although the bioactive glasses disclosed herein may have an abrasive effect in the cosmetic compositions, the bioactive glasses are not considered an abrasive herein for purposes of the amounts or inclusion of the one or more texturizers. In some aspects, the texturizer comprises silica, boron nitride, kaolin, talc, magnesium hydroxide, polymethylsilsesquioxane, aluminum starch octenyl succinate, nylon-12, silica silylate, com starch, rice starch, zinc orthophosphate, sodium bicarbonate, alumina, calcium carbonate, calcium pyrophosphate, or any combination thereof.

[0051] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more diluents. Diluents are a category of carrier components that generally serve as the majority component of a cosmetic composition or carrier. Diluents can help to adjust the concentration of other ingredients, influence the texture and spreadability of the product, or deliver ingredients onto the skin. In some aspects, the diluent comprises water, glycerin, seed oil, wax, starch, magnesium stearate, octyl dodecanol, pearl powder, caprylic / capric triglyceride, squalane, isopropyl palmitate, cyclomethicone, decyl oleate, C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, or any combination thereof.

[0052] In some aspects, the cosmetic compositions and / or carriers comprise one or more pH modifiers and / or buffers. In some aspects, the one or more pH modifiers and / or buffers include acids or bases. In some aspects, the acids include organic or inorganic bases, including sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, acetic acid, and so forth, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the bases include organic or inorganic bases, including hydroxides (e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, etc.), amine bases (triethyl amine, pyridine, etc.), and so forth, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, buffers include organic or inorganic buffers, including citric acid, acetic acid, KH2PO4, ISfeHPC , CHES (N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid), borate, and the like, or any combination thereof.

[0053] Exemplary cosmetic compositions include, but are not limited to, those that can be prepared by combining, in any manner desired, the components in any of the ranges set forth in Table 2 below. The amount shown for a given ingredient category (e.g., humectant) is the total amount of humectant present calculated by summing all humectants present.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTTable 2

[0054] In some aspects, the compositions disclosed herein comprise one or more humectants. In general, a humectant serves to retain moisture in a given product, such as a dentifrice or cosmetic composition. Inclusion of one or more humectants is desired to prevent the product from drying out and hardening, maintaining its smooth and easily dispensable / usable texture. Humectants can also contribute to the overall feel of the product, providing a pleasant, moist sensation during use. With respect to cosmetic composition specifically, humectants are a category of a composition and / or carrier that attract and retain moisture in the skin. They work by drawing water from the deeper layers of the skin to the surface, and in humid conditions, they can also pull in moisture from the air. In some aspects, the humectant comprises sodium hyaluronate, saccharide isomerate, sodium hyaluronate, sodium lauroyl lactylate, propylene glycol, urea, honey, butylene glycol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), lactic acid, a polyalcohol (e.g., glycerin, sorbitol), or any combination thereof. InAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT some aspects, the humectant comprises at least one polyalcohol. In some aspects, the at least one polyalcohol comprises glycerol (also called glycerin).

[0055] In some aspects, the compositions comprise at least one humectant in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0, >0, at least 1, at least 2, at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, 90 or less, 85 or less, 80 or less, 75 or less, 70 or less, 65 or less, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 5 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions comprise at least one humectant in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0-90, 0-85, 0-80, 0-70, 0-60, 0-50, 0-40, 0-30, 0-20, 0-10, 0-5, 0-2, 0-1, >0-90, >0-85, >0-80, >0-70, >0-55, >0-45, >0-35, >0-30, >0-25, >0-15, >0-10, >0-5, >0-1, 1- 90, 1-80, 1-75, 1-65, 1-50, 1-45, 1-35, 1-30, 1-25, 1-15, 1-10, 1-5, 1-2, 2-90, 2-80, 2-70, 2-50, 2-35, 2-25, 2-15, 2-10, 2-5, 5-90, 5-75, 5-60, 5-45, 5-30, 5-25, 5-15, 5-10, 10-90, 10-80, 10- 70, 10-55, 10-45, 10-40, 10-30, 10-25, 10-15, 15-90, 15-80, 15-70, 15-60, 15-55, 15-45, 15-35, 15-20, 20-90, 20-80, 20-70, 20-60, 20-50, 20-40, 20-35, 20-25, 25-90, 25-80, 25-70, 25-60, 25-50, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-90, 30-80, 30-70, 30-60, 30-50, 30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-90, 35-80, 35-75, 35-70, 35-65, 35-55, 35-45, 35-40, 40-90, 40-80, 40-70, 40-65, 40-60, 40-55, 40-45, 45-90, 45-80, 45-70, 45-60, 45-50, 50-90, 50-85, 50-75, 50-65, 50-60, 50-55, 55-90, 55-75, 55-70, 55-65, 55-60, 60-90, 60-80, 60-70, 60-65, 65-90, 65-85, 65-80, 65-70, 70-90, 70-85, 70-80, 70-75, 75-90, 75-85, 75-80, 80-90, 80-85, or 85-90. In particular, in some aspects, the compositions comprise at least one humectant in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0-50, >0-50, 10-40, or 20-45. In some aspects, the compositions are free, or substantially free, of any one or more humectants (and the compositions may be free, or substantially free, of any specific humectants disclosed herein). Any of the amounts disclosed herein for the “at least one humectant” can be specified to apply to any one humectant, or any combination of humectants, or all humectants. It is explicitly contemplated that the amounts of water and the at least one humectant can be combined in any manner.

[0056] In some aspects, the compositions comprise water in any suitable amount. In some aspects, the compositions herein comprise water in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, 90 or less, 85 or less, 80 or less, 75 or less, 70 or less, 65 or less, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions herein comprise water in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 20-90, 20-85, 20-80, 20-75, 20-70, 20-65, 20-60, 20- 55, 20-50, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-90, 25-85, 25-80, 25-75, 25-70, 25-65, 25-60, 25-55, 25-50, 25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-90, 30-85, 30-80, 30-75, 30-70, 30-65, 30-60, 30-55, 30-50, 30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-90, 35-85, 35-80, 35-75, 35-70, 35-65, 35-60, 35-55, 35-50, 35-45, 35-40, 40-90, 40-85, 40-80, 40-75, 40-70, 40-65, 40-60, 40-55, 40-50, 40-45, 45-90, 45-85, 45-80, 45-75, 45-70, 45-65, 45-60, 45-55, 45-50, 50-90, 50-85, 50-80, SO-75, 50-70, 50-65, 50-60, 50-55, 55-90, 55-85, 55-80, 55-75, 55-70, 55-65, 55-60, 60-90, 60-85, 60-80, 60-75, 60-70, 60-65, 65-90, 65-85, 65-80, 65-75, 65-70, 70-90, 70-85, 70-80, 70-75, 75-90, 75-85, 75-80, 80-90, 80-85, or 85-90. In particular, in some aspects, the compositions herein comprise water in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of at least 20, 20-90, 50-80, 55-75, or 55-90. In some aspects, the compositions are free, or substantially free, of water. It is explicitly contemplated that the amounts of water and the at least one humectant can be combined in any manner.

[0057] In some aspects, the water amounts and the amounts of the at least one humectant, as disclosed elsewhere herein, can be combined in any manner to describe the amount of water and at least one humectant in the composition. In some aspects, the amount of water and the at least one humectant can be expressed as a weight ratio of the water to the at least one humectant (or to any specific humectant disclosed herein). In some aspects, the weight ratio of water: humectant is at least 0.5:1, at least 1:1, at least 1.5:1, at least 2:1, at least 2.5:1, at least 3:1, at least 3.5:1, at least 4:1, at least 4.5:1, 5:1 or less, 4.5:1 or less, 4:1 or less, 3.5:1 or less, 3:1 or less, 2.5:1 or less, 2:1 or less, 1.5:1 or less, 1:1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the weight ratio of waterhumectant is 0.5: 1-5:1, 0.5: 1-4.5: 1, 0.5: 1-4: 1, 0.5: 1-3.5: 1, 0.5: 1-3: 1, 0.5: 1-2.5: 1, 0.5:l-2: 1, 0.5: 1-1.5: 1, 05:1-1:1, 1:1-5:1, 1:1-45:1, 1:1-4:1, 1:1-3.5:1, 1:1-3:1, 1:1-2.5:1, 1:1-2:1, 1:1-1.5:1, 15:1-5:1, 1.5:1- 4.5:1, 15:1-4:1, 1.5:1-3.5:1, 15:1-3:1, 1.5:1-2.5:1, 1.5 : 1-2: 1, 2: 1-5 : 1, 2: 1-4.5: 1, 2: 1-4: 1, 2: 1- 3.5:1, 2: 1-3: 1, 2: 1-2.5: 1, 2.5: 1-5: 1, 2.5: 1-4.5: 1, 2.5: 1-4: 1, 2.5: 1-3.5: 1, 2.5: 1-3: 1, 3: 1-5: 1, 3:1- 4.5:1, 3: 1-4:1, 3:1-3.5:1, 3.5: 1-5: 1, 3.5: 1-4.5: 1, 3.5:1-4:1, 4:1-5: 1, 4:1-4.5:1, or4.5:l-5:l. In particular, in some aspects, the weight ratio of waterhumectant is 1 : 1-3 : 1, 1.5:1-4.5:1, or 2:1- 4:1. The humectant amount in this paragraph can be in reference to all humectants present or to one specific humectant (e.g., glycerol).

[0058] In some aspects, the compositions comprise a fluoride source. For example, in some aspects, the compositions comprise sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof. The compositions can comprise sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof, in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0, >0, at least 0.01, at least 0.05, at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 0.6, at least 0.7, at least 0.8, at least 0.9, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.9 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.7 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, 0.05 or less, 0.01 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions comprise sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof, in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0-9, 0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-0-1, 0-0.9, 0-0.8, 0-0.7, 0-0.6, 0-0.5, 0-0.4, 0-0.3, 0-0.2, 0-0.1, 0-0.05, 0-0.01, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0- 1, >0-0.9, >0-0.8, >0-0.7, >0-0.6, >0-0.5, >0-0.4, >0-0.3, >0-0.2, >0-0.1, >0-0.05, >0-0.01, 0.01-9, 0.01-8, 0.01-7, 0.01-6, 0.01-5, 0.01-4, 0.01-3, 0.01-2, 0.01-1, 0.01-0.9, 0.01-0.8, 0.01- 0.7, 0.01-0.6, 0.01-0.5, 0.01-0.4, 0.01-0.3, 0.01-0.2, 0.01-0.1, 0.01-0.05, 0.05-9, 0.05-8, 0.05- 7, 0.05-6, 0.05-5, 0.05-4, 0.05-3, 0.05-2, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.9, 0.05-0.8, 0.05-0.7, 0.05-0.6, 0.05- 0.5, 0.05-0.4, 0.05-0.3, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.9, 0.1-0.8, 0.1-0.7, 0.1-0.6, 0.1-0.5, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.3, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-9, 0.2-8, 0.2-7, 0.2-6, 0.2-5, 0.2-4, 0.2-3, 0.2-2, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.9, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.7, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.4, 0.2- 0.3, 0.3-9, 0.3-8, 0.3-7, 0.3-6, 0.3-5, 0.3-4, 0.3-3, 0.3-2, 0.3-1, 0.3-0.9, 0.3-0.8, 0.3-0.7, 0.3- 0.6, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-9, 0.4-8, 0.4-7, 0.4-6, 0.4-5, 0.4-4, 0.4-3, 0.4-2, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.9, 0.4- 0.8, 0.4-0.7, 0.4-0.6, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 0.5- 0.9, 0.5-0.8, 0.5-0.7, 0.5-0.6, 0.6-9, 0.6-8, 0.6-7, 0.6-6, 0.6-5, 0.6-4, 0.6-3, 0.6-2, 0.6-1, 0.6- 0.9, 0.6-0.8, 0.6-0.7, 0.7-9, 0.7-8, 0.7-7, 0.7-6, 0.7-5, 0.7-4, 0.7-3, 0.7-2, 0.7-1, 0.7-0.9, 0.7- 0.8, 0.8-9, 0.8-8, 0.8-7, 0.8-6, 0.8-5, 0.8-4, 0.8-3, 0.8-2, 0.8-1, 0.8-0.9, 0.9-9, 0.9-8, 0.9-7, 0.9-6, 0.9-5, 0.9-4, 0.9-3, 0.9-2, 0.9-1, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-9, 6-8, 6- 7, 7-9, 7-8, or 8-9. In particular, the compositions comprise sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof, in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0.01-1, 0.2-5, or >0-3. In some aspects, the compositions are free, or substantially free, of sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof. The amounts in this paragraph can refer to sodium monofluorophosphate alone, sodium fluoride alone, stannous fluoride alone, or any combination of sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, and stannous fluoride.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0059] In some aspects, the compositions comprise a combination of at least one first amino acid and at least one second amino acid that is different from the first amino acid. In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid comprises a side chain having a functional group with a pKa of less than 7, and the at least one second amino acid has an isoelectric point of 5-8. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that the combination of these two types of amino acids acts as a buffer system to counteract the tendency of the pH to rise due to release of ions (e.g., Ca2+) from the bioactive glass. In this regard, it is believed that the isoelectric point of the at least one second amino acid defines the buffer region of the composition while the acidic functional group on the side chain of the at least one first amino acid shifts the pH of the system downwards to counteract the rise in pH due to release of ions from the bioactive glass. Together, the combination of the at least one first amino acid and the at least one second amino acid, as described herein, stabilizes the pH of compositions, such as compositions that would otherwise tend to rise in pH (e.g., those containing a bioactive glass or other species that causes an increase in pH over time). For clarity, the term “at least one first amino acid” means the compositions can contain only one amino acid that meets the requirements of “the at least one first amino acid,” or the compositions can contain two or more amino acids that meet the requirements of “the at least one first amino acid.” Similarly, the term “at least one second amino acid” means the compositions can contain only one amino acid that meets the requirements of “the at least one second amino acid,” or the compositions can contain two or more amino acids that meet the requirements of “the at least one second amino acid.” Additionally, a single amino acid cannot simultaneously qualify as both a “first amino acid” and “second amino acid”

[0060] In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid comprises a side chain (e.g., at least one side chain) having a functional group with a pKa of 7 or less, 6.5 or less, 6 or less, 5.5 or less, 5 or less, 4.5 or less, 4 or less, 3.5 or less, 3 or more, 3.5 or more, 4 or more, 4.5 or more, 5 or more, 5.5 or more, 6 or more, 6.5 or more, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the functional group on the side chain of the at least one first amino acid has a pKa of 3-7, 3-6.5, 3-6, 3-5.5, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-7, 3.5-6.5, 3.5-6,3.5-5.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-7, 4-6.5, 4-6, 4-5.5, 4-5, 4-4.5, 4.5-7, 4.5-6.5, 4.5-6, 4.5-5.5,4.5-5, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5-6, 5-5.5, 5.5-7, 5.5-6.5, 5.5-6, 6-7, 6-6.5, or 6.5-7. In particular, in some aspects, the functional group on the side chain of the at least one first amino acid has a pKa of 7 or less, 3-5, 3-6, 3.5-5.5, or 4-5.

[0061] In some aspects, the at least one second amino acid has an isoelectric point of at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, 8 or less, 7.5 or less, 7 or less,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT6.5 or less, 6 or less, 5.5 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the at least one second amino acid has an isoelectric point of 5-8, 5-7.5, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5- 6, 5-5.5, 5.5-8, 5.5-7.5, 5.5-7, 5.5-6.5, 5.5-6, 6-8, 6-7.5, 6-7, 6-6.5, 6.5-8, 6.5-7.5, 6.5-7, 7-8, 7-7.5, or 7.5-8. In particular, in some aspects, the at least one second amino acid has an isoelectric point of 5-8, 5.5-6.5, or 5-7.

[0062] Table 3 shows the various pKas and isoelectric points of the 20 most common amino acids. For clarity, the term “amino acid” is not necessarily limited to the 20 most common amino acids, but rather includes any organic compound (typically small molecule) that contains an amino functional group and a carboxylic acid functional group. In this regard, there are over 500 naturally occurring amino acids, as well as countless others that can be synthetically prepared in a lab. If desired, of course, the amino acids herein can be specified to be limited to only certain amino acids in certain aspects or embodiments. Table 3Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTN / A = the amino acid does not contain a side chain

[0063] In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, histidine, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid, and the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine. In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid, aspartic acid, or a combination thereof, and the at least one second amino acid comprises alanine glycine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, valine, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the at least one second amino acid does not contain a side chain. In some aspects, the at least one second amino acid has a side chain with a functional group having a pKa of 5.5-8.5 (e.g., 5.5-8, 5.5-7.5, 5.5-7, 5.5-6.5,5.5-6, 6-8.5, 6-8, 6-7.5, 6-7, 6-6.5, 6.5-8.5, 6.5-8, 6.5-7.5, 6.5-7, 7-8.5, 7-8, 7-7.5, 7.5-8.5,7.5-8, or 8-8.5).

[0064] In some aspects, the compositions comprise amino acid in any suitable amount. For clarity, the amounts of amino acid set forth herein can apply to any single amino acid (such as a first amino acid or a second amino acid), or to any combination of amino acids (such as the combination of all the at least one first amino acids, or the combination of all the at least one second amino acids, or the combination of all first and second amino acids, or the combination of all amino acids). In some aspects, the compositions comprise amino acid in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 4, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 18, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions comprise amino acid in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0-20, 0-18, 0-16, 0-14, 0-12, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-4, 0-2, 0-1, 0- 0.5, 0-0.1, >0-20, >0-18, >0-16, >0-14, >0-12, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-4, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-20, 0.1-18, 0.1-16, 0.1-14, 0.1-12, 0.1-10, 0.1-8, 0.1-6, 0.1-4, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1- 0.5, 0.5-20, 0.5-18, 0.5-16, 0.5-14, 0.5-12, 0.5-10, 0.5-8, 0.5-6, 0.5-4, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 1-20, 1-18,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT1-16, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-2, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 4- 20, 4-18, 4-16, 4-14, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14, 10-12, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-20, 16-18, or 18-20. In particular, in some aspects, the compositions comprise amino acid in an amount of 0-20, 2-12, or 0.5-10. In some aspects, the at least one first amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.% (or 0-20 wt.%, or 0.1-10 wt.%, or 0.5- 16 wt.%) and the at least one second amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.% (or 0- 20 wt.%, or 0.1-10 wt.%, or 0.5-16 wt.%).

[0065] In some aspects, the compositions have any suitable pH. In some aspects, the compositions have a pH of at least 5, at least 5.5, at least 6, at least 6.5, at least 7, at least 7.5, at least 8, at least 8.5, 9 or less, 8.5 or less, 8 or less, 7.5 or less, 7 or less, 6.5 or less, 6 or less, 5.5 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions have a pH of 5-9, 5-8.5, 5-8, 5-7.5, 5-7, 5-6.5, 5-6, 5-5.5, 5.5-9, 5.5-8.5, 5.5-8,5.5-7.5, 5.5-7, 5.5-6.5, 5.5-6, 6-9, 6-8.5, 6-8, 6-7.5, 6-7, 6-6.5, 6.5-9, 6.5-8.5, 6.5-8, 6.5-7.5,6.5-7, 7-9, 7-8.5, 7-8, 7-7.5, 7.5-9, 7.5-8.5, 7.5-8, 8-9, 8-8.5, or 8.5-9. In particular, in some aspects, the compositions have a pH of 5-9, 6.5-8.5, 7-9, or 7-8.5.

[0066] In some aspects, the compositions comprise bioactive glass. Bioactive glasses are a group of glass and / or glass ceramic materials that have shown biocompatibility or bioactivity, which has allowed them to be incorporated into human or animal physiology. In some aspects, disclosed is a bioactive glass comprising SiCh, CaO, and P2O5. In some aspects, the bioactive glass further comprises ZrCh and / or F .

[0067] In some aspects, the compositions comprise bioactive glass in any suitable amount. In some aspects, the compositions comprise bioactive glass in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.4, at least 0.6, at least 0.8, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.8 or less, 0.6 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the compositions comprise bioactive glass in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of 0-20, 0-18, 0-16, 0-14, 0-12, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.8, 0-0.6, 0-0.4, 0-0.2, 0-0.1, >0-20, >0-18, >0-16, >0-14, >0-12, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.8, >0-0.6, >0-0.4, >0-0.2, >0-0.1, 0.1-20, 0.1- 18, 0.1-16, 0.1-14, 0.1-12, 0.1-10, 0.1-8, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.8, 0.1- 0.6, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-20, 0.2-18, 0.2-16, 0.2-14, 0.2-12, 0.2-10, 0.2-8, 0.2-6, 0.2-5, 0.2-4,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT0.2-3, 0.2-2, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.8, 0.2-0.6, 0.2-0.4, 0.4-20, 0.4-18, 0.4-16, 0.4-14, 0.4-12, 0.4-10, 0.4-8, 0.4-6, 0.4-5, 0.4-4, 0.4-3, 0.4-2, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.8, 0.4-0.6, 0.6-20, 0.6-18, 0.6-16, 0.6-14, 0.6-12, 0.6-10, 0.6-8, 0.6-6, 0.6-5, 0.6-4, 0.6-3, 0.6-2, 0.6-1, 0.6-0.8, 0.8-20, 0.8-18, 0.8-16, 0.8-14, 0.8-12, 0.8-10, 0.8-8, 0.8-6, 0.8-5, 0.8-4, 0.8-3, 0.8-2, 0.8-1, 1-20, 1-18, 1-16, 1-14, 1- 12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2- 3, 3-20, 3-18, 3-16, 3-14, 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-20, 4-18, 4-16, 4-14, 4-12, 4-10, 4- 8, 4-6, 4-5, 5-20, 5-18, 5-16, 5-14, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6- 8, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14, 10-12, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-20, 16-18, or 18-20. In particular, in some aspects, the compositions comprise bioactive glass in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the composition) of >0-20, >0-5, 0.1-10, 1-8, or 12-20.

[0068] In some aspects, bioactive glasses disclosed herein form a bioactive crystalline phase when subjected to the simulated body fluid of Table 4 or Table 5 at 37 °C. In some aspects, the formation of the bioactive crystalline phase takes place within 10 days, within 9 days, within 8 days, within 7 days, within 6 days, within 5 days, within 4 days, within 3 days, within 2 days, or within 1 day of subjecting at 37 °C to the simulated body fluid of Table 4 or Table 5 or other aqueous compositions. In some aspects, the formation of the bioactive crystalline phase takes place within 7 days at 37 °C. In some aspects, the formation of the bioactive crystalline phase takes place within 1 day at 37 °C.

[0069] In some aspects, when the bioactive glass is subjected to a composition at 37 °C and a pH of 6.5 to form a mixture, a total amount of calcium ions in the mixture increases every 2 hours over a 4 hour period (e.g., or over a 6 hour period, 8 hour period 10 hour period, 12 hour period, 14 hour period, 16 hour period, 18 hour period, 20 hour period, 22 hour period, and / or 24 hour period), in which the composition comprises 0.05 wt.% sodium chloride (e.g., in some aspects 0.01-0.1 wt.%), 0.1 wt.% urea (e.g., in some aspects 0.05-0.15 wt.%), 0.1 wt.% lactic acid (e.g., in some aspects 0.05-0.15 wt.%), and a balance of water. In some aspects, this composition represents artificial sweat and is meant to represent what is in the environment that the bioactive glass encounters when present on skin. The composition’s pH can be adjusted with acid, base, and / or buffer to achieve the desired pH. In some aspects, the bioactive glass forms a bioactive crystalline phase when subjected to the artificial sweat.

[0070] In some aspects, the simulated body fluid comprises phosphate, calcium, fluoride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, a buffer, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the aqueous composition and / or artificial saliva comprises potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calciumAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT chloride, HEPES buffer, sodium azide, sodium hydroxide, a combination thereof, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the simulated body fluid may include a salt solution comprising NaCl, NaHCO3, KC1, K2HPO4, MgCl2-6H2O, CaCl2, NaSO4, (HOCH2)3CNH2in nano-pure water, with pH adjusted with acid, such as HC1. In some aspects, the glasses herein form a bioactive crystalline phase when subjected to a simulated body fluid comprising one or more of potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, magnesium chloride hexahydrate, calcium chloride, HEPES buffer, sodium azide, sodium hydroxide, NaCl, NaHCO3, NaSCU, (HOCH2)3CNH2in nano-pure water, or any combination thereof. For example, the simulated body fluid may comprise phosphate, calcium, fluoride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, a buffer, or any combination thereof. In some examples, the simulated body fluid comprises the components set forth below in Table 4 and Table 5. In some aspects, such compositions in Table 4 and Table 5 are artificial saliva compositions.

[0071] Table 4Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0073] Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that one or more components of the simulated body fluid, which has chemical composition similarities to real sweat or saliva, facilitates formation of a bioactive crystalline phase and / or facilitates release of various ions from the bioactive glass as described elsewhere herein, such as silicon, silicate, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, or any combination thereof. For example, in some aspects, it is believed that one or more of phosphate, calcium, fluoride, sodium, potassium, magnesium, a buffer, or any combination thereof, but particularly the phosphate, calcium, fluoride, or a combination thereof, facilitates formation of a bioactive crystalline phase and / or release of ions. In this regard, in some aspects, the bioactive glass acts an ion source, and such ions are believed to play a beneficial role in oral care, skin care, hair care, fur care, and so forth.

[0074] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise a combination of SiCE, CaO, and P2O5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses further comprise ZrCE. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses further comprise F . In some aspects, the bioactive glasses further also comprise MgO. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses further comprise Li2O, Na2O, K2O, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the amount of Li2O+Na2O+K2O is 0-40 wt.%. In some aspects, the amount of Li2O+Na2O+K2O is less than or equal to 5 wt.%.

[0075] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiCE, CaO, and P2O5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiO2, CaO, P2O5, ZrO2, and F". In some aspects, when subjected to an aqueous composition, such as artificial saliva or artificial sweat, the bioactive glasses form a bioactive crystalline phase (e.g., within 7 days).

[0076] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiO2 in an amount of 10-60 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiO2 in an amount of 20-55 wt.% or 15-55 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO in an amount of 10-60 wt.% or 20-55 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO in an amount of 20-60 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise P2O5 in an amount of 1-30 wt.% or 5- 30 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZrO2 in an amount of 0-15 wt.%,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT>0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise F in an amount of 0-5 wt.% (e.g., >0-5 wt.%).

[0077] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise:10-60 wt.% SiO2,0-15 wt.% (e.g., >0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%) ZrO2;10-60 wt.% CaO, and>0-30 wt.% (e.g., 1-30 wt.%) P2O5, based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0078] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise:15-55 wt.% SiO2,0-15 wt.% (e.g., >0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%) ZrO2;20-60 wt.% CaO, and5-30 wt.% P2Os, based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0079] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise:25-35 wt.% SiO2,0-15 wt.% (e.g., >0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%) ZrO2;35-50 wt.% CaO, and15-25 wt.% P2O5, based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0080] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise:10-60 wt.% SiO2,0-15 wt.% (e.g., >0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%, or 3-12 wt.%) ZrO2;10-60 wt.% CaO,>0-30 wt.% (e.g., 1-30 wt.%) P2Os,0-25 wt.% MgO;0-5 wt.% F ;0-40 wt.% Na2O+K2O+Li2O;0-5 wt.% AhOs;0-5 wt.% B2OS;0-10 wt.% SrO; and0-10 wt.% ZnO; based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0081] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise:Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT10-60 wt.% SiCh,0-15 wt.% (e.g., >0-15 wt.%, or 0.1-15 wt.%, or 3-12 wt.%) ZrCh;10-60 wt.% CaO,>0-30 wt.% (e.g., 1-30 wt.%) P2O5,0-25 wt.% MgO;0-5 wt.% F ;0-40 wt.% Na2O+K2O+Li2O;0-5 wt.% AI2O3;0-5 wt.% B2O3;0-10 wt.% SrO;0-10 wt.% ZnO; or any combination thereof, based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0082] The bioactivity is influenced by the composition of the glass. In some aspects, the bioactive glass releases ions, such as calcium and phosphate ions, that are beneficial to the enamel of teeth, such as through remineralizing minerals in the teeth, such as apatite, hydroxyapatite, and so forth. In some aspects, the bioactive glass acts as a regenerative agent by releasing ions, such as calcium, magnesium, phosphate, silicon / silicate, or any combination thereof, that are beneficial to the skin or hair of a human or animal, such as by providing reparative, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, antioxidant effects, or any combination thereof, and / or to promote cell proliferation, growth, wound healing, or any combination thereof.

[0083] Silicon dioxide (SiCh) may serve as the primary glass-forming oxide component of the bioactive glasses disclosed herein. SiCh may be included to provide high temperature stability and chemical durability. However, if too much SiCh is included, such as a glass containing pure SiCh, the melting temperature is too high to be readily workable (e.g., greater than 200 poise temperature). Silicon / silicate ions may also have a role in combating dermal aging, such as through providing reparative, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and / or antioxidant effect. In addition, bioactive glasses including too much SiCh may suffer from decreased bioactivity.

[0084] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or any rangeAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SiCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-60, 10-55, 10-50, 10-45, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-60, 15-55, 15-50, 15-45, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30,15-25, 15-20, 20-60, 20-55, 20-50, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-60, 25-55, 25-50,25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-60, 30-55, 30-50, 30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-60, 35-55, 35-50,35-45, 35-40, 40-60, 40-55, 40-50, 40-45, 45-60, 45-55, 45-50, 50-60, 50-55, or 55-60. In particular, in some aspects the bioactive glasses comprise SiCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-60, 15-55, 20-40, or 25-35.

[0085] Phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) may serve as a network former in bioactive glasses. Furthermore, the liberation of phosphate ions to the surface of bioactive glasses contributes to the formation of apatite. Apatite is an inorganic mineral in bone and teeth, and formation of apatite in a simulated body fluid is one criterion for a material to be bioactive, according to ASTM F1538-03 (2017), hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.The inclusion of phosphate ions in the bioactive glass increases apatite formation rate and the binding capacity of the hard tissues (e.g., bone, tooth, etc.). Phosphate ions may have a role in combating dermal aging, such as through providing reparative, regenerative, antiinflammatory, anti-aging, and / or antioxidant effect. In addition, P2O5 can increase the viscosity of the glass, which in turn expands the range of operating temperatures, and is therefore an advantage to the manufacture and formation of the glass.

[0086] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise P2O5 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 15, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 22, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 28, 30 or less, 28 or less, 26 or less, 25 or less, 24 or less, 22 or less, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 15 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise P2O5 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-30, 0-28, 0-26, 0- 24, 0-22, 0-20, 0-18, 0-16, 0-14, 0-12, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, >0-30, >0-28, >0-26, >0-24, >0-22, >0-20, >0-18, >0-16, >0-14, >0-12, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, 1-30, 1-28, 1-26, 1-24, 1-22, 1-20, 1-18, 1-16, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-30, 2-28, 2-26, 2-24, 2-22, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-30, 3-28, 3-26, 3-25, 3-24, 3-22, 3-20, 3-18, 3-16, 3-15, 3-14, 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6,3-5, 3-4, 4-30, 4-28, 4-26, 4-25, 4-24, 4-22, 4-20, 4-18, 4-16, 4-15, 4-14, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6,4-5, 5-30, 5-28, 5-26, 5-25, 5-24, 5-22, 5-20, 5-18, 5-16, 5-15, 5-14, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 6-Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT30, 6-28, 6-26, 6-25, 6-24, 6-22, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-15, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-30, 8-28, 8- 26, 8-25, 8-24, 8-22, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8-15, 8-14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-30, 10-28, 10-26, 10-25, 10- 24, 10-22, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-15, 10-14, 10-12, 12-30, 12-28, 12-26, 12-25, 12-24, 12-22, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-15, 12-14, 14-30, 14-28, 14-26, 14-25, 14-24, 14-22, 14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 14-15, 15-30, 15-28, 15-26, 15-25, 15-24, 15-22, 15-20, 15-18, 15-16, 16-30, 16-28, 16-26, 16-25, 16-24, 16-22, 16-20, 16-18, 18-30, 18-28, 18-26, 18-25, 18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 20-30, 20-28, 20-26, 20-25, 20-24, 20-22, 22-30, 22-28, 22-26, 22-25, 22-24, 24-30, 24-28, 24-26, 24-25, 25-30, 25-28, 25-26, 26-30, 26-28, or 28-30. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise P2O5 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of >0-30, 1-30, 10-30, or 15-25. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of P2O5.

[0087] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise zirconium dioxide (ZrCh), which serves to function as a network former or intermediate, as well as a key oxide for improving glass thermal stability by significantly reducing glass devitrification during forming and lowering liquidus temperature. In aspects, ZrCh may play a similar role as alumina (AI2O3) in the composition.

[0088] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZrCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 12, at least 14, at least 16, at least 18, at least 20, at least 22, at least 24, at least 26, at least 28, 30 or less, 28 or less, 26 or less, 24 or less, 22 or less, 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, 14 or less, 12 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 22 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZrCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-30, 0-28, 0-26, 0- 24, 0-22, 0-20, 0-18, 0-16, 0-14, 0-12, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0- 30, >0-28, >0-26, >0-24, >0-22, >0-20, >0-18, >0-16, >0-14, >0-12, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-30, 0.1-28, 0.1-26, 0.1-24, 0.1-22, 0.1-20, 0.1-18, 0.1-16, 0.1-14, 0.1-12, 0.1-10, 0.1-8, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-30, 0.5-28, 0.5-26, 0.5-24, 0.5-22, 0.5-20, 0.5-18, 0.5-16, 0.5-14, 0.5-12, 0.5-10, 0.5-8, 0.5-6, 0.5- 5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 1-30, 1-28, 1-26, 1-24, 1-22, 1-20, 1-18, 1-16, 1-14, 1-12, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-30, 2-28, 2-26, 2-24, 2-22, 2-20, 2-18, 2-16, 2-14, 2-12, 2-10, 2- 8, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-30, 3-28, 3-26, 3-24, 3-22, 3-20, 3-18, 3-16, 3-14, 3-12, 3-10, 3-8, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-30, 4-28, 4-26, 4-24, 4-22, 4-20, 4-18, 4-16, 4-14, 4-12, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 4-5, 5-30, 5-28, 5-26, 5-24, 5-22, 5-20, 5-18, 5-16, 5-14, 5-12, 5-10, 5-8, 5-6, 6-30, 6-28, 6-26, 6-24, 6-Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT22, 6-20, 6-18, 6-16, 6-14, 6-12, 6-10, 6-8, 8-30, 8-28, 8-26, 8-24, 8-22, 8-20, 8-18, 8-16, 8- 14, 8-12, 8-10, 10-30, 10-28, 10-26, 10-24, 10-22, 10-20, 10-18, 10-16, 10-14, 10-12, 12-30, 12-28, 12-26, 12-24, 12-22, 12-20, 12-18, 12-16, 12-14, 14-30, 14-28, 14-26, 14-24, 14-22,14-20, 14-18, 14-16, 16-30, 16-28, 16-26, 16-24, 16-22, 16-20, 16-18, 18-30, 18-28, 18-26,18-24, 18-22, 18-20, 20-30, 20-28, 20-26, 20-24, 20-22, 22-30, 22-28, 22-26, 22-24, 24-30,24-28, 24-26, 26-30, 26-28, or 28-30. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZrCh in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of >0-15, 0.1-15, or 3-12. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of ZrCh.

[0089] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise fluoride (F ), which can form bioactive crystalline phases, such as hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite, carbonated apatite, brushite, or any combination thereof in certain aqueous environments such as in a simulated body fluid such as artificial saliva (or real body fluid, such as real saliva or sweat). In some aspects, at least some of these bioactive crystalline phases are resistant to acid corrosion, such as fluorapatite. F can combine with CaO and P2O5 to form fluorapatite to improve the bioactivity of the bioactive glasses. In some aspects, formation of apatite facilitates high bioactivity of the compositions disclosed herein. In some aspects, the F in the bioactive glasses is derived from calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, sodium fluoride, potassium fluoride, stannous fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium difluorophosphate, or any combination thereof (e.g., in some aspects any of such compounds may be batched with other ingredients and melted to form the bioactive glasses).

[0090] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise F in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, 5 or less, 4.5 or less, 4 or less, 3.5 or less, 3 or less, 2.5 or less, 2 or less, 1.5 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise F in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0- 1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2- 3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5, or 4.5-5. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise F in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, >0-5, >0-1, or 0.1 -1.5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of F .Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0091] Divalent cation oxides (such as alkaline earth oxides and ZnO) improve the melting behavior, chemical durability, and bioactivity of the glass. In addition, alkaline earth oxides may improve other desirable properties in the materials, including influencing the Young’s modulus and the coefficient of thermal expansion. In examples, the bioactive glasses comprise MO, wherein MO is the sum of MgO, CaO, SrO, BeO, and BaO in wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, at least 65, 70 or less, 65 or less, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-70, 10-65, 10-60, 10-55, 10-50, 10-45, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-70, 15-65, 15-60, 15-55, 15-50, 15-45, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30,15-25, 15-20, 20-70, 20-65, 20-60, 20-55, 20-50, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-70,25-65, 25-60, 25-55, 25-50, 25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-70, 30-65, 30-60, 30-55, 30-50,30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-70, 35-65, 35-60, 35-55, 35-50, 35-45, 35-40, 40-70, 40-65, 40-60,40-55, 40-50, 40-45, 45-70, 45-65, 45-60, 45-55, 45-50, 50-70, 50-65, 50-60, 50-55, 55-70,55-65, 55-60, 60-70, 60-65, or 65-70. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MO in an amount (wt.%) of 10-55, 15-50, 45-70, or 40-55. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of MO.

[0092] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO. Calcium ions released from bioactive glass can contribute to strengthening and / or rebuilding of teeth and bone. Such calcium ions can facilitate apatite formation to remineralize or otherwise strengthen the enamel in teeth. Calcium ions may also have a role in combating dermal aging, such as through providing reparative, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and / or antioxidant effect. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-60, 10-55, 10-50, 10-45, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-60, 15-55, 15-50, 15-45, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30,15-25, 15-20, 20-60, 20-55, 20-50, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-60, 25-55, 25-50,25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-60, 30-55, 30-50, 30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-60, 35-55, 35-50,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT35-45, 35-40, 40-60, 40-55, 40-50, 40-45, 45-60, 45-55, 45-50, 50-60, 50-55, or 55-60. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-60, 35-50, or 30-55. In some aspects, the bioactive glass is free, or substantially free, of CaO.

[0093] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MgO. In some aspects, the inclusion of MgO can improve liquidus of the precursor glass to avoid devitrification during forming. Magnesium ions may also have a role in combating dermal aging, such as through providing reparative, regenerative, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, and / or antioxidant effect. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MgO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MgO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-25, 0-20, 0-15, 0-10, 0-9, 0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-25, >0-20, >0-15, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-25, 0.1-20, 0.1-15, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-25, 0.5-20, 0.5-15, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 1-25, 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2,2-25, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-25, 3-20, 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7,3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-25, 4-20, 4-15, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-25, 5-20, 5-15, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-25, 6-20, 6-15, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-25, 7-20, 7-15, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-25, 8-20, 8- 15, 8-10, 8-9, 9-25, 9-20, 9-15, 9-10, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-25, 15-20, or 20-25. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise MgO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-25, >0-25, >0-8, or 0.5-6.

[0094] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SrO. In some aspects, the inclusion of SrO can improve liquidus of the precursor glass to avoid devitrification during forming. Moreover, in some aspects, SrO may also enter the structure of apatite to improve bioactivity. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SrO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SrO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-10, 0-9,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 1-10, 1-9, 1- 8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, or 9-10. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise SrO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-10, >0-10, >0-5, or 0.1-6. In some aspects, the bioactive glass is free, or substantially free, of SrO.

[0095] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZnO. In some aspects, the inclusion of ZnO can improve liquidus of the precursor glass to avoid devitrification during forming. Moreover, in some aspects, ZnO may also enter the structure of apatite to improve bioactivity. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZnO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZnO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-10, 0-9, 0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-2, 0.5-1, 1-10, 1-9, 1- 8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2-4, 2-3, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-10, 8-9, or 9-10. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise ZnO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-10, >0-10, >0-6, 0.1-5, or 0.5-4. In some aspects, the bioactive glass is free, or substantially free, of ZnO.

[0096] In some aspects, CaO is found to be able to react with P2O5 to form apatite when immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF), such as artificial saliva or artificial sweat, or in vivo or in real saliva or real sweat. The release of Ca2+ions from the surface of the glass contributes to the formation of a layer rich in calcium phosphate. Thus, the combination of P2O5 and CaO in bioactive glasses may provide advantages when such a bioactive glass is incorporated into compositions (e.g., such as dentifrice and cosmetic compositions).

[0097] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise a sum of P2Os+CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 55, at least 60, atAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT least 65, at least 70, at least 75, at least 80, at least 85, 90 or less, 85 or less, 80 or less, 75 or less, 70 or less, 65 or less, 60 or less, 55 or less, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, or any rage formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise a sum of P2Os+CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-90, 10-85, 10-80, 10-75, 10-70, 10-60, 10-50, 10- 40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-20, 10-15, 15-90, 15-80, 15-70, 15-65, 15-55, 15-40, 15-35, 15-25, 15-20, 20-90, 20-80, 20-65, 20-55, 20-50, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-90, 25-85, 25-75, 25-65, 25-60, 25-55, 25-45, 25-40, 25-30, 30-90, 30-80, 30-70, 30-65, 30-55, 30-50, 30-45, 30-35, 35-90, 35-80, 35-70, 35-60, 35-55, 35-45, 35-40, 40-90, 40-85, 40-80, 40-70, 40-60, 40-55, 40-45, 45-90, 45-80, 45-70, 45-60, 45-50, 50-90, 50-85, 50-80, 50-70, 50-60, 50-55, 55-90, 55-80, 55-70, 55-65, 55-60, 60-90, 60-80, 60-75, 60-70, 60-65, 65-90, 65-80, 65-70, 70-90, 70-80, 70-75, 75-90, 75-85, 75-80, 80-90, 80-85, or 85-90. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise a sum of P2Os+CaO in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 10-90, 40-70, 50-75, or 35-50.

[0098] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise B2O3. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise B2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.05, at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, 5 or less, 4.5 or less, 4 or less, 3.5 or less, 3 or less, 2.5 or less, 2 or less, 1.5 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise B2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0-3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.4, 0-0.3, 0-0.2, 0-0.1, 0-0.05, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0- 1, >0-0.5, >0-0.4, >0-0.3, >0-0.2, >0-0.1, >0-0.05, 0.05-5, 0.05-4.5, 0.05-4, 0.05-3.5, 0.05-3, 0.05-2.5, 0.05-2, 0.05-1.5, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.5, 0.05-0.4, 0.05-0.3, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1- 4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.3, 0.1-0.2, 0.2- 5, 0.2-4.5, 0.2-4, 0.2-3.5, 0.2-3, 0.2-2.5, 0.2-2, 0.2-1.5, 0.2-1, 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.4, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-5, 0.3-4.5, 0.3-4, 0.3-3.5, 0.3-3, 0.3-2.5, 0.3-2, 0.3-1.5, 0.3-1, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-5, 0.4-4.5, 0.4-4, 0.4-3.5, 0.4-3, 0.4-2.5, 0.4-2, 0.4-1.5, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5- 3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5,1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2-3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4,2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5, or 4.5-5. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise B2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weightAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, >0-5, 0.1-1, or 0.2-2. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of B2O3.

[0099] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses can comprise AI2O3. In some aspects, AI2O3 may influence (e.g., stabilize) the network structure of the glass, improve mechanical properties, improve chemical durability, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, AI2O3 may lower liquidus temperature, lower coefficient of thermal expansion, enhance the strain point, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, in addition to its role as a network former, AI2O3 (and ZrCh) may help improve the chemical durability and mechanical properties in silicate glass while having no toxicity concerns. In some aspects, too high a content of AI2O3 and / or ZrCh (e.g., >20 wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) generally increases the viscosity of the melt and decreases bioactivity.

[0100] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise AI2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.05, at least 0.1, at least 0.2, at least 0.3, at least 0.4, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 1.5, at least 2, at least 2.5, at least 3, at least 3.5, at least 4, at least 4.5, 5 or less, 4.5 or less, 4 or less, 3.5 or less, 3 or less, 2.5 or less, 2 or less, 1.5 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.4 or less, 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise AI2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, 0-4.5, 0-4, 0-3.5, 0- 3, 0-2.5, 0-2, 0-1.5, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.4, 0-0.3, 0-0.2, 0-0.1, 0-0.05, >0-5, >0-4.5, >0-4, >0-3.5, >0-3, >0-2.5, >0-2, >0-1.5, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.4, >0-0.3, >0-0.2, >0-0.1, >0-0.05, 0.05-5, 0.05-4.5, 0.05-4, 0.05-3.5, 0.05-3, 0.05-2.5, 0.05-2, 0.05-1.5, 0.05-1, 0.05-0.5, 0.05-0.4, 0.05- 0.3, 0.05-0.2, 0.05-0.1, 0.1-5, 0.1-4.5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3.5, 0.1-3, 0.1-2.5, 0.1-2, 0.1-1.5, 0.1-1, 0.1- 0.5, 0.1-0.4, 0.1-0.3, 0.1-0.2, 0.2-5, 0.2-4.5, 0.2-4, 0.2-3.5, 0.2-3, 0.2-2.5, 0.2-2, 0.2-1.5, 0.2- 1, 0.2-0.5, 0.2-0.4, 0.2-0.3, 0.3-5, 0.3-4.5, 0.3-4, 0.3-3.5, 0.3-3, 0.3-2.5, 0.3-2, 0.3-1.5, 0.3-1, 0.3-0.5, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-5, 0.4-4.5, 0.4-4, 0.4-3.5, 0.4-3, 0.4-2.5, 0.4-2, 0.4-1.5, 0.4-1, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-5, 0.5-4.5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3.5, 0.5-3, 0.5-2.5, 0.5-2, 0.5-1.5, 0.5-1, 1-5, 1-4.5, 1-4, 1-3.5, 1-3, 1-2.5, 1-2, 1-1.5, 1.5-5, 1.5-4.5, 1.5-4, 1.5-3.5, 1.5-3, 1.5-2.5, 1.5-2, 2-5, 2-4.5, 2-4, 2-3.5, 2- 3, 2-2.5, 2.5-5, 2.5-4.5, 2.5-4, 2.5-3.5, 2.5-3, 3-5, 3-4.5, 3-4, 3-3.5, 3.5-5, 3.5-4.5, 3.5-4, 4-5, 4-4.5, or 4.5-5. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise AI2O3 in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-5, >0-5, 0.1-1.5, or 0.05-3. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of AI2O3.

[0101] In some aspects, alkali oxides (Na2O, K2O, Li2O, Rb2O, or CS2O) serve as aids in achieving low melting temperature and low liquidus temperatures, which can aid glass melting processes. In addition, in some aspects, the addition of alkali oxides can improveAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT bioactivity. However, in some aspects, if the amount of alkali oxides is too high, the bioactive glasses have reduced chemical durability; in other words, in some aspects, keeping the amount of alkali oxides to a certain lower range achieves high chemical durability of the bioactive glasses. In some aspects, the amount of alkali oxides, such as Na2O+K2O+Li2O, is minimized or at least kept to an amount below 10 wt.% or below 5 wt.%, so as to improve durability of the bioactive glass in aqueous compositions, such as in water. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses do not contain any alkali oxides (e.g., do not contain any added alkali oxides). In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are substantially free of alkali oxides (e.g., contain less than 0.1 wt.% alkali oxides). In some aspects, the amount of alkali oxides, such as Na2O+K2O+Li2O, can be 0-40 wt.%.

[0102] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise the sum Li2O+ Na2O+ K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 1, at least 2, at least 4, at least 6, at least 8, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 8 or less, 6 or less, 4 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise the sum Li2O+ Na2O+ K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-40, 0-35, 0-30, 0-25, 0-20, 0-15, 0-10, 0-8, 0-6, 0-4, 0-2, 0-1, >0-40, >0-35, >0-30, >0-25, >0-20, >0-15, >0-10, >0-8, >0-6, >0-4, >0-2, >0-1, 1-40, 1-35, 1-30, 1-25, 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1-8, 1-6, 1-4, 1-2, 2-40, 2-35, 2-30, 2-25, 2-20, 2-15, 2-10, 2-8, 2-6, 2-4, 4-40, 4-35, 4-30, 4-25, 4-20, 4-15, 4-10, 4-8, 4-6, 6-40, 6-35, 6-30, 6-25, 6-20, 6-15, 6-10, 6-8, 8-40, 8-35, 8-30, 8-25, 8-20, 8-15, 8-10, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10- 25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30, 15-25, 15-20, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-40, 25- 35, 25-30, 30-40, 30-35, or 35-40. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise the sum Li2O+ Na2O+ K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-40, >0-40, 0-10, >0-10, 0-5, or >0-5. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of Li2O+ Na2O+ K2O.

[0103] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Li2O. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Li2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Li2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, 0-10, 0-9, 0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-15, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-15, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-15, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5- 2, 0.5-1, 1-15, 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-15, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2- 4, 2-3, 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-15, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-15, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-15, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-15, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-15, 8-10, 8-9, 9-15, 9-10, or 10-15. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Li2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, >0-15, 0-10, >0-10, 0-5, or >0-5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of Li2O.

[0104] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Na2O. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Na2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Na2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, 0-10, 0-9, 0- 8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-15, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0-4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-15, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-15, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5- 2, 0.5-1, 1-15, 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-15, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2- 4, 2-3, 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-15, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-15, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-15, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-15, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-15, 8-10, 8-9, 9-15, 9-10, or 10-15. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise Na2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, >0-15, 0-10, >0-10, 0-5, or >0-5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of Na2O.

[0105] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise K2O. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0, >0, at least 0.1, at least 0.5, at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 6, at least 7, at least 8, at least 9, at least 10, 15 or less, 10 or less, 9 or less, 8 or less, 7 or less, 6 or less, 5 or less, 4 or less, 3 or less, 2 or less, 1 or less, 0.5 or less, 0.1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, 0-10, 0-9, 0-8, 0-7, 0-6, 0-5, 0-4, 0-3, 0-2, 0-1, 0-0.5, 0-0.1, >0-15, >0-10, >0-9, >0-8, >0-7, >0-6, >0-5, >0- 4, >0-3, >0-2, >0-1, >0-0.5, >0-0.1, 0.1-15, 0.1-10, 0.1-9, 0.1-8, 0.1-7, 0.1-6, 0.1-5, 0.1-4, 0.1-3, 0.1-2, 0.1-1, 0.1-0.5, 0.5-15, 0.5-10, 0.5-9, 0.5-8, 0.5-7, 0.5-6, 0.5-5, 0.5-4, 0.5-3, 0.5-Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT2, 0.5-1, 1-15, 1-10, 1-9, 1-8, 1-7, 1-6, 1-5, 1-4, 1-3, 1-2, 2-15, 2-10, 2-9, 2-8, 2-7, 2-6, 2-5, 2- 4, 2-3, 3-15, 3-10, 3-9, 3-8, 3-7, 3-6, 3-5, 3-4, 4-15, 4-10, 4-9, 4-8, 4-7, 4-6, 4-5, 5-15, 5-10, 5-9, 5-8, 5-7, 5-6, 6-15, 6-10, 6-9, 6-8, 6-7, 7-15, 7-10, 7-9, 7-8, 8-15, 8-10, 8-9, 9-15, 9-10, or 10-15. In particular, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses comprise K2O in an amount (wt.%, based on total weight of the bioactive glass) of 0-15, >0-15, 0-10, >0-10, 0-5, or >0-5. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are free, or substantially free, of K2O.

[0106] In some aspects, additional components can be incorporated into the bioactive glasses to provide additional benefits or may be present as contaminants typically found in commercially-prepared glass. For example, additional components can be added as coloring or fining agents (e.g., to facilitate removal of gaseous inclusions from melted batch materials used to produce the bioactive glasses) and / or for other purposes. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses may comprise one or more compounds useful as ultraviolet radiation absorbers. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses can comprise 3 wt.% or less ZnO, TiCh, CeO, MnO, Nb2Os, MoOs, Ta20s, WO3, SnCh, Fe2O3, AS2O3, Sb2C>3, Cl, Br, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses can comprise from 0 to 3 wt.%, 0 to 2 wt.%, 0 to 1 wt.%, 0 to 0.5 wt.%, 0 to 0.1 wt.%, 0 to 0.05 wt.%, or 0 to 0.01 wt.% ZnO, TiO2, CeO, MnO, Nb2Os, MoOs, Ta20s, WO3, SnO2, Fe2O3, AS2O3, Sb2O3, Cl, Br, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the bioactive glasses can also include various contaminants associated with batch materials and / or introduced into the glass by the melting, fining, and / or forming equipment used to produce the glass. For example, in some aspects, the bioactive glasses can comprise from 0 to 3 wt.%, 0 to 2 wt.%, 0 to 1 wt.%, 0 to 0.5 wt.%, 0 to 0.1 wt.%, 0 to 0.05 wt.%, or 0 to 0.01 wt.% SnCh, CeCh, Fe2C>3, or any combination thereof.

[0107] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses are in a form of particulates, microbeads, fibers, or any combination thereof. In some aspects, the particulates are a fine powder. Methods for preparing particulates, microbeads, and / or fibers from bioactive glasses is known in the art. In some aspects, the particulates, microbeads, and / or fibers have an average particle size (micron) of 0, >0, at least 1, at least 5, at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, 50 or less, 45 or less, 40 or less, 35 or less, 30 or less, 25 or less, 20 or less, 15 or less, 10 or less, 5 or less, 1 or less, or any range formed therefrom. For example, in some aspects, the particulates and / or microbeads have an average particle size (microns) of 0-50, 0-45, 0-40, 0-35, 0-30, 0-25, 0-20, 0-15, 0-10, 0-5, 0-1, >0-50, >0-45, >0-40, >0-35, >0-30, >0-25, >0-20, >0-15, >0-10, >0-5, >0-1, 1-50, 1-45, 1-40, 1-35, 1-30, 1-25, 1-20, 1-15, 1-10, 1-5, 5-50, 5-45, 5-40, 5-35, 5-30, 5-25, 5-20, 5-15, 5-10, 10-50,Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT10-45, 10-40, 10-35, 10-30, 10-25, 10-20, 10-15, 15-50, 15-45, 15-40, 15-35, 15-30, 15-25,15-20, 20-50, 20-45, 20-40, 20-35, 20-30, 20-25, 25-50, 25-45, 25-40, 25-35, 25-30, 30-50,30-45, 30-40, 30-35, 35-50, 35-45, 35-40, 40-50, 40-45, or 45-50. Average particle size, as used herein, means the average size as measured by dynamic light scattering using commercially available equipment.

[0108] In some aspects, the bioactive glasses can be made via traditional methods. For example, in some aspects, glasses can be formed by thoroughly mixing the requisite batch materials (for example, using a Turbula® mixer) in order to secure a homogeneous melt, and subsequently placing into silica and / or platinum crucibles. The crucibles can be placed into a furnace and the glass batch melted and maintained at temperatures ranging from 1100°C to 1400°C for times ranging from 6 hours to 24 hours. The melts can thereafter be poured into steel molds to yield glass slabs. Subsequently, those slabs optionally can be transferred immediately to an annealer operating at 400°C to 700°C, where the glass is held at temperature for 0.5 hour to 3 hours and subsequently cooled overnight. In another nonlimiting example, precursor glasses are prepared by dry blending the appropriate oxides and mineral sources for a time sufficient to thoroughly mix the ingredients. The glasses are melted in platinum crucibles at temperatures ranging from 1100°C to 1400°C and held at temperature for 6 hours to 16 hours. The resulting glass melts are then poured onto a steel table to cool. The glasses optionally are then annealed at appropriate temperatures.

[0109] In some aspects, the resulting bioactive glasses can be size-reduced into particles having an average particle size as disclosed elsewhere herein, such as by air jet milling, grinding, attrition milling, ball milling, and so forth. Furthermore, these glasses can be processed into short fibers, beads, sheets or three-dimensional scaffolds using different methods. Short fibers are made by melt spinning or electric spinning; beads can be produced by flowing glass particles through a hot vertical furnace or a flame torch; sheets can be manufactured using thin rolling, float or fusion-draw processes; and scaffolds can be produced using rapid prototyping, polymer foam replication and particle sintering. Glasses of desired forms can be used to support cell growth, soft and hard tissue regeneration, stimulation of gene expression or angiogenesis.

[0110] Continuous fibers can be easily drawn from the disclosed composition using processes known in the art. For example, fibers can be formed using a directly heated (electricity passing directly through) platinum bushing. Glass cullet is loaded into the bushing, heated up until the glass melts. Temperatures are set to achieve a desired glass viscosity (usually <1000 poise) allowing a drip to form on the orifice in the bushing (bushingAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT size is selected to create a restriction that influences fiber diameter ranges). The drip may be pulled by hand to begin forming a fiber. Once a fiber is established it is connected to a rotating pulling / collection drum to continue the pulling process at a consistent speed. Using the drum speed (or revolutions per minute RPM) and glass viscosity the fiber diameter can be manipulated - in general the faster the pull speed, the smaller the fiber diameter. Glass fibers with diameters in the range of 1-100 microns can be drawn continuously from a glass melt. Fibers can also be created using an updraw process. In this process, fibers are pulled from a glass melt surface sitting in a box furnace. By controlling the viscosity of the glass, a quartz rod is used to pull glass from the melt surface to form a fiber. The fiber can be continuously pulled upward to increase the fiber length. The velocity that the rod is pulled up determines the fiber thickness along with the viscosity of the glass.[OHl] In some aspects, a method for making the bioactive glasses disclosed herein is provided, the method comprising: combining each component of the bioactive glass to form a mixture, heating the mixture to a temperature of 1500 °C or less to form a melted mixture, and cooling the melted mixture to form a cooled mixture.

[0112] In some aspects, the method further comprising forming the cooled mixture, or the melted mixture prior to and / or during cooling, into particulates, microbeads, fibers, or any combination thereof.

[0113] Various aspects are contemplated herein, several of which are set forth in the paragraphs below. It is explicitly contemplated that any aspect or portion thereof can be combined to form a combination. The phrase “any other aspect herein” means any numbered aspect herein, or any aspect or aspects disclosed elsewhere herein.

[0114] Aspect 1. A composition, comprising: a bioactive glass, comprising:10-60 wt.% SiCh;0.1-15 wt.% ZrCh;10-60 wt.% CaO; and1-30 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass; at least one first amino acid comprising a side chain, the side chain having a functional group having a pKa of 7 or less; andAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT at least one second amino acid different from the first amino acid, the at least one second amino acid having an isoelectric point of 5-8; wherein the composition has a pH of 5-9.

[0115] Aspect 2. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the composition is configured as a dentifrice composition or a cosmetic composition.

[0116] Aspect 3. The composition of aspect 2, or any other aspect herein, wherein the composition is configured as the dentifrice composition, and the dentifrice composition comprises at least one flavoring agent, at least one surfactant, at least one sweetener, at least one whitening agent, at least one abrasive, or any combination thereof.

[0117] Aspect 4. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the pKa of the functional group on the side chain of the at least one first amino acid is 3-5.

[0118] Aspect 5. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the isoelectric point of the at least one second amino acid is 5.5-6.5.

[0119] Aspect 6. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, or any combination thereof.

[0120] Aspect 7. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, histidine, or any combination thereof.

[0121] Aspect 8. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid and the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine.

[0122] Aspect 9. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein, based on total weight of the composition, the at least one first amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.% and the at least one second amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.%.

[0123] Aspect 10. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the composition has a pH of 6.5-8.5.

[0124] Aspect 11. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, further comprising water in an amount of at least 20 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0125] Aspect 12. The composition of aspect 11, or any other aspect herein, wherein the water is present in an amount of 20-90 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

[0126] Aspect 13. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the bioactive glass is present in an amount of >0-20 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

[0127] Aspect 14. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, further comprising at least one humectant in an amount of >0-50 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

[0128] Aspect 15. The composition of aspect 14, or any other aspect herein, wherein the at least one humectant comprises at least one polyalcohol.

[0129] Aspect 16. The composition of aspect 15, or any other aspect herein, wherein the at least one polyalcohol comprises glycerol.

[0130] Aspect 17. The composition of any one of aspects 14-16, or any other aspect herein, wherein the composition comprises water, and a weight ratio of the water to the at least one humectant is 1 : 1 to 3 : 1.

[0131] Aspect 18. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, further comprising sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof.

[0132] Aspect 19. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the bioactive glass comprises:25-35 wt.% SiO2;35-50 wt.% CaO; and15-25 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0133] Aspect 20. The composition of any preceding aspect, or any other aspect herein, wherein the bioactive glass comprises:3-12 wt.% ZrO2;0-25 wt.% MgO;0-5 wt.% F ;0-40 wt.% Na2O+K2O+Li2O;0-5 wt.% A12O2;0-5 wt.% B2O2;0-10 wt.% SrO;0-10 wt.% ZnO;Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTP2Os+CaO in an amount of 40-70 wt.%; or any combination thereof; based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

[0134] Aspect 21 : A combination of any two or more preceding aspects or any portion(s) thereof.EXAMPLES

[0135] The following examples illustrate non-limiting aspects of the disclosure and are not intended to be limiting on the scope of the disclosure or claims.

[0136] Example 1 : This example demonstrates improved water durability of a bioactive glass of the disclosure as compared to comparative bioactive glass 45S5 Bioglass® (see US Patent 4, 234,972) available in Sensodyne Repair and Protect®, a toothpaste product on the market from Haleon pic.

[0137] In this example, Composition 1 bioactive glass and a comparative bioactive glass representing 45S5, both compositions shown in Table 6, were ground to an average particle diameter of <10 microns and then immersed in deionized (DI) water (5 wt.%) at 37 °C for various time periods up to 7 days. As shown in FIG. 1, Composition 1 bioactive glass showed improved water durability with respect to 45 S5, since virtually no weight loss was observed for Composition 1 even at 7 days of immersion. In contrast, comparative bioactive glass 45S5 exhibited between about 5 to 7 % weight loss over 1 to 7 days.Table 6

[0138] Example 2: This example demonstrates that in the absence of amino acids, both a bioactive glass of the disclosure and comparative bioactive glass 45 S5 draft to high pH over time.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0139] In this example, the conditions of Table 7 were employed in the experiments, with the results shown in FIG. 2.Table 7

[0140] Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2, pH versus time was monitored for separate mixtures of Composition 1 and 45S5 in 2: 1 w / w DEGlycerol at 37 °C, without the presence of any additional additives or amino acids, as compared to a control without any glass or amino acids. It is apparent that, over a 90 day period, pH drifts significantly, to about 10.5 for Composition 1 bioactive glass and to about 12 for 45S5. The glass-free and amino acid-free control remained near 3.5 during the exposure period of 90 days. Note that a mixture consisting of water and glycerol without the presence of any amino acid (which represents the control), generally provides a composition having a relatively low pH as indicated here.

[0141] Example 3 : This example demonstrates the effect on the pH of a mixture containing Composition 1 when varying the amount of glutamic acid in the presence of a constant amount of glycine.

[0142] In this example, the conditions shown in Table 7 were employed, and all mixtures contained Composition 1 bioactive glass in the presence of different amounts of amino acids. The pH of the mixtures was measured while glycine was held constant at 8 wt.% and glutamic acid was varied in amounts of 0 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt.%, 7 wt.%, and 8 wt.% (the number shown in the label in FIG. 3 refers to the wt.% of the amino acids in the mixture). As shown in FIG. 3, increasing the amount of glutamic acid from 0 to 8 wt.% caused a gradual reduction in the stabilized pH value from near 9 (0 wt.% glutamic acid) to near 6 (8 wt.% glutamic acid). Stability of solution pH was achieved within 2-5 days of glass submersion. A neutral pH was achieved with a mixture of 8 wt.% glycine and 7 wt.% glutamic acid.

[0143] Example 4: This example demonstrates that two types of amino acids, such as glutamic acid and glycine, have an effect on pH of a mixture containing Composition 1 bioactive glass.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT

[0144] In this example, the conditions shown in Table 7 were employed, and all mixtures contained Composition 1 bioactive glass in the presence of different amounts of amino acids. Specifically, the mixtures included 8 wt.% glycine alone, 4 wt.% and 8 wt.% glutamic acid alone, and a 1 : 1 (4 wt.%:4 wt.%) mixture of glycine and glutamic acid. The pH of the mixtures was measured and plotted in FIG. 4 (the number shown in the label in FIG. 4 refers to the wt.% of the amino acids in the mixture). As shown in FIG. 4, stability of mixture pH with amino acids was achieved following 2 days of glass submersion. Upon 8 wt.% glycine addition, the stable pH achieved was reduced to near 9, while adding 8 wt.% glutamic caused a decrease to pH near 4.7. In the mixture with 4 wt.% glycine and 4 wt.% glutamic acid, only a slight reduction in the solution pH was shown from the glycine endpoint. Likewise, in the mixture with only 4 wt.% glutamic acid the mixture pH was close to that observed with 8 wt.% glutamic acid only. Thus, glycine and glutamic acid both have an influence on the evolution of mixture pH, but mixtures of amino acids are desired to achieve neutral pH conditions.

[0145] Example 5 : This example demonstrates that an amino acid such as glycine plays a role in achieving a stable pH near or above neutral pH.

[0146] In this example, the conditions shown in Table 7 were employed, and all mixtures contained Composition 1 bioactive glass in the presence of different amounts of amino acids. Specifically, the mixtures included 4 wt.% glutamic acid in the presence of 0 wt.%, 4 wt.%, or 8 wt.% glycine. The pH of the mixtures was measured and plotted in FIG. 5 (the number shown in the label in FIG. 5 refers to the wt.% of the amino acids in the mixture). As shown in FIG. 5, stability of mixture pH with amino acids was achieved following 2 days of glass submersion. Glutamic acid was held constant at 4 wt.% while glycine varies from 0-8 wt.%. Glycine presence at 4 wt.% and 8 wt.% caused no change in pH evolution, where each were stable at a pH near 8.3. However, the absence of glycine caused a much lower solution pH near 5. As a result, an amino acid such as glycine plays a role in achieving stable pH values near or above neutral.

[0147] In general, the examples herein collectively demonstrate, for example, that using a bioactive glass of the disclosure, such as Composition 1 bioactive glass in Table 6, shows much improved water durability compared to 45S5 (see FIG. 1). In 2: 1 w / w DI waterglycerol mixtures, submersion of 5.0 g of bioactive glass causes the solution pH to rise, in which Composition 1 bioactive glass stabilizes near pH 10.5 and 45 S5 stabilizes at higher values, near pH = 12 (see FIG. 2). When 5.0 g of glass was submerged in 2: 1 w / w DI waterglycerol mixtures containing amino acids, pH values were stabilized at controllableAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT values between pH of 6-9 within 4 days (see FIG. 3). When only glycine was added to the mixture containing Composition 1 bioactive glass, the pH stabilized near 9. When only glutamic acid was added to the mixture containing Composition 1 bioactive glass, the pH stabilized between 4-5 (see FIG. 4). When mixtures of glycine and glutamic acid are employed with Composition 1 bioactive glass, pH values stabilized between 6 and 8 (see FIGs. 3-5).

[0148] It will be appreciated that the various disclosed aspects or embodiments may involve particular features, elements or steps that are described in connection with that particular aspect or embodiment. It will also be appreciated that a particular feature, element, or step, although described in relation to one particular aspect or embodiment, may be interchanged or combined with alternate aspects or embodiments in various non-illustrated combinations or permutations.

[0149] As used herein, the term “and / or,” when used in a list of two or more items, means that any one of the listed items can be employed by itself, or any combination of two or more of the listed items can be employed. For example, if a composition is described as containing components A, B, and / or C, the composition can contain A alone; B alone; C alone; A and B in combination; A and C in combination; B and C in combination; or A, B, and C in combination.

[0150] While various features, elements, or steps of particular aspects or embodiments may be disclosed using the transitional phrase “comprising,” it is to be understood that alternative aspects or embodiments, including those that may be described using the transitional phrases “consisting of’ or “consisting essentially of,” are implied. Thus, for example, implied alternative aspects or embodiments to a device that comprises A+B+C include aspects or embodiments where a device consists of A+B+C and aspects or embodiments where a device consists essentially of A+B+C.

[0151] References herein to the positions of elements (e.g., “top,” “bottom,” “above,” “below,” “first,” “second,” etc.) are merely used to describe the orientation of various elements in the FIGURES. It should be noted that the orientation of various elements may differ according to other exemplary embodiments, and that such variations are intended to be encompassed by the present disclosure. Moreover, these relational terms are used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions.

[0152] As utilized herein, the terms “approximately,” “about,” “substantially”, and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common andAttorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT accepted usage by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It should be understood by those of skill in the art who review this disclosure that these terms are intended to allow a description of certain features described and claimed without restricting the scope of these features to the precise numerical ranges provided. Accordingly, these terms should be interpreted as indicating that insubstantial or inconsequential modifications or alterations of the subject matter described and claimed are considered to be within the scope of the invention as recited in the appended claims.

[0153] As utilized herein, “optional,” “optionally,” or the like are intended to mean that the subsequently described component, event, or circumstance can or cannot occur or be present, and that the description includes instances where the component, event, or circumstance occurs / is present and instances where it does not occur / is not present. As used herein, the indefinite articles “a,” “an,” and the corresponding definite article “the” mean “at least one” or “one or more,” unless otherwise specified. It also is understood that the various features disclosed in the specification and the drawings can be used in any and all combinations.

[0154] With respect to the use of substantially any plural and / or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and / or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and / or application. The various singular / plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for the sake of clarity.

[0155] It will be apparent to those ordinarily skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure. Since modifications combinations, sub-combinations, and variations of the disclosed embodiments incorporating the spirit and substance of the disclosure may occur to persons ordinarily skilled in the art, the disclosure should be construed to include everything within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCTWHAT IS CLAIMED IS:

1. A composition, comprising: a bioactive glass, comprising:10-60 wt.% SiCh;0.1-15 wt.% ZrCh;10-60 wt.% CaO; and1-30 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass; at least one first amino acid comprising a side chain, the side chain having a functional group having a pKa of 7 or less; and at least one second amino acid different from the first amino acid, the at least one second amino acid having an isoelectric point of 5-8; wherein the composition has a pH of 5-9.

2. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition is configured as a dentifrice composition or a cosmetic composition.

3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition is configured as the dentifrice composition, and the dentifrice composition comprises at least one flavoring agent, at least one surfactant, at least one sweetener, at least one whitening agent, at least one abrasive, or any combination thereof.

4. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the pKa of the functional group on the side chain of the at least one first amino acid is 3-5.

5. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the isoelectric point of the at least one second amino acid is 5.5-6.5.

6. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid, aspartic acid, histidine, or any combination thereof.

7. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine, alanine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, proline, valine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, asparagine, glutamine, serine, threonine, histidine, or any combination thereof.Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT8. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the at least one first amino acid comprises glutamic acid and the at least one second amino acid comprises glycine.

9. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein, based on total weight of the composition, the at least one first amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.% and the at least one second amino acid is present in an amount of 2-12 wt.%.

10. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the composition has a pH of 6.5- 8.5.

11. The composition of any preceding claim, further comprising water in an amount of at least 20 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

12. The composition of claim 11, wherein the water is present in an amount of 20-90 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

13. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the bioactive glass is present in an amount of >0-20 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

14. The composition of any preceding claim, further comprising at least one humectant in an amount of >0-50 wt.%, based on total weight of the composition.

15. The composition of claim 14, wherein the at least one humectant comprises at least one polyalcohol.

16. The composition of claim 15, wherein the at least one polyalcohol comprises glycerol.

17. The composition of any one of claims 14-16, wherein the composition comprises water, and a weight ratio of the water to the at least one humectant is 1 :1 to 3 : 1.

18. The composition of any preceding claim, further comprising sodium monofluorophosphate, sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, or any combination thereof.

19. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the bioactive glass comprises:25-35 wt.% SiO2;35-50 wt.% CaO; and15-25 wt.% P2O5; based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

20. The composition of any preceding claim, wherein the bioactive glass comprises:Attorney Docket No. SP24-250 PCT3-12 wt.% ZrCh;0-25 wt.% MgO;0-5 wt.% F ;0-40 wt.% Na2O+K2O+Li2O;0-5 wt.% AI2O3;0-5 wt.% B2O3;0-10 wt.% SrO;0-10 wt.% ZnO;P2Os+CaO in an amount of 40-70 wt.%; or any combination thereof; based on total weight of the bioactive glass.

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