Partitioned pilot configuration in superimposed pilot transmission

Abstract

According to an aspect, a terminal device comprising at least one processor and at least one memory, may receive, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: i) a number of frequency resources in each partition; ii) a number of time resources in each partition; or iii) an orthogonal cover code. The terminal device may further receive or transmit the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration.

Description

[0001]PARTITIONED PILOT CONFIGURATION IN SUPERIMPOSED PILOT TRANSMISSION TECHNICAL FIELD The disclosure relates generally to wireless communications and, more particu- larly but not exclusively, to a method for pilot configuration in superimposed pilot transmis- sion. BACKGROUND To ensure accurate channel estimation, which is essential to successful data re- ception, base stations and user equipment generally rely on the usage of reference signals, also called pilots, which are separate from a data transmission. These pilots are ideally orthogo- nalized among users. In regular pilot approach, a single resource element may be encoded with a pilot however, when a number of users exceeds a number of pilot sequences, different users may be configured with a same pilot sequence, which leads to pilot contamination. Furthermore, reg- ular pilot insertion leads to degradation of spectral efficiency, as a portion of resources are fully dedicated to pilot transmission. To avoid these drawbacks, pilotless transmission may be used, in which all trans- mission power and resource elements are allocated to data transmission. Pilotless transmission schemes require complex receiver algorithms with high-order MIMO (multiple input multiple output) scenarios and makes channel estimation challenging. In superimposed pilot (SIP) transmission scheme, data may be transmitted in all available resource elements, like in pilotless transmission. However, a portion of power in all or some of the resource elements may be allocated to known pilot components that can be used for channel estimation at the receiver side. SUMMARY The scope of protection sought for various example embodiments of the invention is set out by the independent claims. The example embodiments and features, if any, described in this specification that do not fall under the scope of the independent claims are to be inter- preted as examples useful for understanding various example embodiments of the invention. According to a first aspect, a terminal device is disclosed. The terminal device may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to: receive, from a network node, configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the parti- tion information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and receive or transmit the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configura- tion. In an example embodiment of the first aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: transmit, to the network node, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration for the at least one SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the first aspect, the capability information com- prises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception over the full allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission over the full allocated resource set. In an example embodiment of the first aspect, the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more downlink SIPs in at least one par- tition from the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to estimate a channel based on the received downlink SIPs. In an example embodiment of the first aspect, the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more uplink SIPs in at least one par- tition to the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the network node based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols. In an example embodiment of the first aspect, the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the partition information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of frequency resources or a number of time resources of the segment. According to a second aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may comprise: receiving, from a network node by a terminal device, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an al- located resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allo- cated orthogonal cover code; and receiving or transmitting, by the terminal device, the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration. According to a third aspect, a computer program is disclosed. The computer pro- gram may comprise instructions causing an apparatus to perform the method according to the second aspect. According to a fourth aspect, a network node is disclosed. The network node may comprise: at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node at least to: determine a config- uration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a num- ber of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and transmit or receive the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network node at least to: receive, from the ter- minal device, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration for at least one SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the instructions, the capability information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over the full allo- cated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over by the terminal device a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission by the terminal device over the full allocated resource set. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition from the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one pro- cessor, further cause the network node at least to: estimate a channel based on the received uplink SIPs. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the configuration of the at least one of downlink or uplink SIP transmission is determined based on a number of supported antenna ports and the estimated channel. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition to the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the terminal device based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the partition information indi- cates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of fre- quency resources or a number of time resources of the segment. In an example embodiment of the fourth aspect, the configuration of the at least one of uplink or downlink SIP transmission further comprises port indexing in both frequency and time domains. According to a fifth aspect, a method is disclosed. The method may comprise: determining, by a network node, a configuration of at least one of a downlink or uplink super- imposed pilot, SIP, transmission comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allo- cated orthogonal cover code; transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and trans- mitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. According to a sixth aspect, a computer program is disclosed. The computer pro- gram may comprise instructions causing an apparatus to perform the method according to the fifth aspect. According to a seventh aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may com- prise at least: means for receiving, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a num- ber of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and means for receiving and / or means for transmitting the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration. According to an eight aspect, an apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may com- prise at least: means for determining a configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink su- perimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; means for transmitting the configuration to the terminal de- vice; and means for transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understand- ing of the embodiments and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments and together with the description help to explain the principles of the embodiments. In the draw- ings: FIG. 1 illustrates three types of pilot transmission scheme resource set alloca- tions. FIG.2 illustrates two different configurations of a resource set for a DL or an UL superimposed pilot (SIP) transmission according to example embodiments. FIG.3 illustrates a signalling diagram according to an example embodiment. FIG.4 illustrates a partitioned pilot configuration for four antenna ports accord- ing to example embodiments. FIG.5 illustrates a signalling diagram according to an example embodiment. FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment, wherein a segment of a resource set is allocated for a SIP transmission. FIG.7A-B illustrates a partitioned pilot configuration for eight antenna ports ac- cording to example embodiments. FIG.8A-B illustrates a partitioned pilot configuration for eight antenna ports ac- cording to example embodiments. FIG.9 illustrates a signalling diagram according to an example embodiment. FIG. 10 illustrates a terminal device configured to practice example embodi- ments. FIG.11 illustrates a network node configured to practice example embodiments. FIG.12 illustrates a method according to an example embodiment. FIG.13 illustrates a method according to an example embodiment. Like reference numerals are used to designate like parts in the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The detailed description provided below in connec- tion with the appended drawings is intended as a description of the present examples and is not intended to represent the only forms in which the present example may be constructed or uti- lized. The description sets forth the functions of the example and the sequence of steps for constructing and operating the example. However, the same or equivalent functions and se- quences may be accomplished by different examples. In current 5G systems, position of pilot resource elements (REs) can be adjusted in time and / or frequency to ensure proper channel estimation at different channel conditions, such as due to user mobility. In other words, to ensure that channel variations are properly captured by a receiver, a density of pilots in time and frequency should be proportional to a channel time and frequency coherency. However, in superimposed pilot (SIP) transmission schemes, pilot power may be uniformly distributed over some, or all, resource elements in a resource grid. In SIP scheme(s), power of a data and a pilot may be allocated on a resource element (RE) jointly. A SIP symbol may be expressed as follows:^^^^^, ^^ = ^1 − ^^ ^^^, ^^ + ^^^ ^^^, ^^ , ^ ^ ^^ , ^ ^ ^^, ^1^ in a resource set (RS) and m may be an index for a time resource, such as an OFDM symbol index, in the RS. ^^and ^^may comprise data and pilot constellations respectively. ^^denotes allo-cated power for pilot transmission, where ^^ ∈ ^0, 1^ and may be ^^ ≪ 1. The pilot symbols^ should be known at the receiver side, which can be coordinated using pseudo-random se-quence generators generating pilot symbols for each chosen resource element in the resource set. For further clarification, a resource set may comprise a resource grid in the con- text of this description. As in the example of 5G system, the frequency resource can be the subcarrier and the time resource can be the OFDM symbol, while a resource set can be one or multiple resource blocks within a slot, each of which may comprise 12 subcarriers within an allocated number of OFDM symbols. In a multi-user scenario, for example, in uplink, each user generates its own pilot sequence (e.g., using gold sequences) with length of the allocated resource elements (REs) for SIP transmission ^^^^^^in the resource set. Therefore, the base station (e.g., gNB) as a receiver can rely on orthogonality between the pilot sequences with length of ^^^^^^transmitted by mul- tiple user equipment’s (UEs). Fig. 1 illustrates resource mapping of REs in a RS for three different pilot allo- cation schemes to provide context for the description. A first resource set 100 (RS 100) illus- trates a regular pilot (RP) -based transmission scheme, where a resource element 102 (RE 102) may be allocated fully for a data transmission, or a RE 104 may be allocated fully for a refer- ence signal. A second resource set 110 (RS 110) illustrates a SIP transmission scheme, where some, or each RE 112 may be allocated with a data and a pilot as, for example, by Eq. 1. A third RS 120 illustrates a pilotless transmission scheme, where none of the REs 122 have been allocated pilot symbols. A box 130 illustrates the different legends of the three different types of REs. An example of 5G, demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence generation and resource mapping is given below to provide context for the description. Using a configured sequence generation seed, a pseudo-random sequence r(m) can be generated with points froma QPSK constellation. Then, based on a DMRS port index, resource mapping for a RE^^, ^^^, , for antenna port p and subcarrier spacing configuration u, is as follows: If the higher-layer parameter dmrs-TypeEnh = True:ca !"%^&, '= (),^^ -.^^ / # ^ -0^^ / ^ 1^43 + ^ / ,$ ^)^*+ ^ ^2^ =E = 0, 1, … , F − 1Otherwise: !"^^&, ^= (),^^# - ^ / ^)^*+ . ^ ^ -0^^ / ^ 1^23 + ^ / ,$ ^12 3= 0, 1, …^ = ^D + ^ / E = 0, 1, … , F − 1,where v denotes the number of transmission layers. For more detailed information on the above parameters of the resource mapping and sequence generation, tables 7.4.1.1.2-1 and 7.4.1.1.2-2 may be referred in publication TS 38.211 v18.3, for example. As orthogonality between pilot sequences configured for (or generated by) dif- ferent UEs are guaranteed only if a receiver correlates the sequences for a full resource grid, it may not be possible for the receiver to apply a processing (based on SIP symbols) with resolu- tion of a subcarrier or an OFDM symbol (OFDM, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing). Therefore, adjusting SIP transmission to the experienced channel conditions may be required to improve performance gain over regular pilot scheme. It is at least one object of this disclosure to provide a solution, in which a terminal device, such as user equipment, receives, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a downlink (DL) or an uplink (UL) SIP transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: i) a number of frequency resources in each partition, ii) a number of time resources in each partition; or iii) an allocated orthogonal cover code. For example, the number of frequency resources in each partition may comprise a number of sub-carriers in each partition and the number of time resources in each partition may comprise a number of OFDM symbols in each partition. Finally, the terminal device may receive or transmit the least one SIP transmis- sion from or to the network node based on the configuration. It will be noted that ‘the configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink SIP transmission’ may be referred to as ‘SIP configuration’ in some embodiments. Fig. 2 illustrates two different example configurations of a DL or an UL SIP transmission. In a RS 200, the partition information indicates four (4) frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers) and one (1) time resource (e.g., OFDM symbol) for a partition in the RS 200 and in RS 210, the partition information indicates four (4) frequency resources and two (2) time resources for a partition in the RS 210. The thicker black lines illustrates the partitioning of the RS 200 and the RS 210 according to the partition information. ‘Frequency resource’ may be abbreviated as ‘FR’ and ‘Time resource’ may be abbreviated as ‘TR’ in the description. Plurals may be ‘FRs’ and ‘TRs’ respectively. Fig.3 illustrates a signalling diagram 300 according to an example embodiment. In signalling diagram 300, a first UE 330 (UE1330) and a second UE 340 (UE2340) are shown to be communicating with a network node 350 (gNB 350). At 302, UE1330 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350. The capability information may comprise, for example, at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception over a segment of the RS; an indication to support SIP reception over the full RS; an indication to support SIP transmission over a segment of the RS; or an indication to support SIP transmission over the full RS. More information on segmentation of the RS for SIP transmission(s) are de- scribed below in reference to example embodiments. At 304, the UE2330 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350. At 306, the gNB 350 may determine parameters of the configuration of the at least one of the DL or the UL SIP transmission for each UE (UE1330 and UE2340). The determining the parameters of the configuration may comprise, for example, determining the partition sizes, or determining which segment of a RS is allocated for SIP transmission(s) and which partition configuration is to be used for the segment. More examples on the determining the parameters are provided below in the description. At 308, the gNB 350 may transmit, to the UE1330, the partitioned SIP configu- ration. In other words, a SIP transmission is configured using the partitioned SIP configuration and relevant parameters are shared. At 310, the gNB 350 may transmit, to the UE2340, the configuration. At 312, the UE1330 may generate, as an example for uplink transmission, SIP symbols and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 314, the UE2340 may generate, as an example for uplink transmission, SIP symbols and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 316, the UE1330 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 318, the UE2340 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 320, the gNB 350 may perform channel estimation based on the received SIP symbols in the UL transmissions at 316 and at 318. For example, the indication, whether a UE supports SIP reception (SIP in DL) over a full RS may comprise “FullRB-SIPDMRS-DL” -signal. For example, the indication, whether a UE supports SIP reception (SIP in DL) over a segment of a RS may comprise “PartialRB-SIPDMRS-DL” -signal. For example, the indication, whether a UE supports SIP transmission (SIP in UL) over a full RS may comprise “FullRB-SIPDMRS-UL” -signal. For example, the indication, whether a UE supports SIP transmission (SIP in UL) over a segment of a RS may comprise “PartialRB-SIPDMRS-UL” -signal. As an example, an information element of the capability report of a UE’s support of SIP DMRS types may comprise the following: Phy-ParametersFRX-Diff ::= SEQUENCE { FullRB-SIPDMRS-DL ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL, PartialRB-SIPDMRS-DL ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL, FullRB-SIPDMRS-UL ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL, PartialRB-SIPDMRS-UL ENUMERATED {supported} OPTIONAL, } In an example embodiment, a network node may determine partitioned SIP con- figuration based on, at least one of: the received capability report(s) from UE(s); number of supported antenna ports; or channel conditions. In an example embodiment, number of frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers) and number of time resources (e.g., OFDM symbols) in each partition needs to be configured. In an example embodiment, the parameters in the partitioned SIP configuration may depend on the partition mode, e.g., full partitioning mode or partial partitioning mode. In a partial parti- tioning mode (e.g., a segment of the RS), the network node may configure starting and size of subcarriers and OFDM symbol of a “SIPSET”, for example. SIPSET here may refer to an area in the RS, which is configured for SIP transmissions (i.e., a segment of the RS). Based on the direction of SIP transmission (UL / DL), a transmitter (UE side or network node side) may generate SIP symbols based on the partitioned SIP configuration and overlay the SIP symbols with data accordingly. An example related to SIP sequence mapping is now given. A total number ofsupported orthogonal antenna ports may be equal to ^# × ^$, due to the number of orthogonalcover codes (OCCs) in frequency and time domains, wherein ^#may denote a number of FRs (e.g., subcarriers) for a partition and ^$may denote a number of TRs (e.g., OFDM symbols)for a partition. In an example port indexing in frequency and time domain, i.e.,@. and @0, may be proposed as@ = ^$ @. + @0@. = 0, 1, … , ^# − 1@0 = 0, 1, … , ^$ − 1where @ indicates the antenna port. Therefore, for partitioning with size of ^#FRs (e.g., subcarriers) and ^$TRs (e.g., OFDM symbols), a pseudo-random sequence, for ex-ample, r(m) as described can be mapped to a resource element ^^, ^^ of the @-th antennaport as: J^ ^K# = (^^^ - ^^ / ^-^L^^ / . 0 ^ 1^M3 + N^ ^3^^ = ^# 3 + ^ / ,^ = ^$ N + ^ / ,3 = 0, 1, …N = 0, 1, …^^^M = O PQRS^ Twhere (^^^is an SIP symbols, -^K^^ / ^ an allocated fre- .quency-domain (FD) OCC, and -^0L^^ / ^an allocated time-domain (TD) OCC, respectively. M defines a number of partitions in a resource set, wherein ^P^Q^RSdenotes number of TRs (e.g., OFDM symbols) in a RS. Furthermore, n and z are intermediate variables used to ease therelation between the global subcarrier and symbol ^^, ^^ with local subcarrier and symbol in-dices ^^ / , ^ / ^.Furthermore, ^ / is an index of a FR (e.g., subcarrier) within a partition and ^ / is an index of a TR (e.g., OFDM symbol) within the partition. A reference point for ^ is subcarrier 0 of a lowest-numbered RS (e.g., Resourceblock (RB) in 5G) in the channel, such as for example, PDSCH / PUSCH. A reference point for^ is the starting symbol (e.g., OFDM symbol in 5G) of a slot.Finally, -^K ^. ^^ / ^ and -0L^^ / ^ can be defined as in the following example: •^# = 1 : then ^ / = 0 and -^K^^ / . ^ = 1 , @. = 001 •^# = 4 : then ^ / = 0, 1, 2, 3 andì^+1, +1, +1, +1^, @. = 0123• ^# = 8 : then ^ / = 0, 1, … ,7 andì^+1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1^, @. = 0ï^+1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1^, @. = 1+1, −1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1^, @. = 2−1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1, +1^, @. = 3+1, +1, +1, −1, −1, −1, −1^, @. = 4−1, +1, −1, −1, +1, −1, +1^, @. = 5+1, −1, −1, −1, −1, +1, +1^, @. = 6−1, −1, +1, −1, +1, +1, −1^, @. = 7 •^$ = 1 : then ^ / = 0 and -^L0 ^0^ = 1 , @0 = 0• ^$ = 2 : 01 •^$ = 4 : then = 0, 1, 2, 3 and^ì +1, +1, +1, +1^, @0 = 0+1, −1^, @0 = 1−1, −1^, @0 = 2−1, +1^, @0 = 3 •^$ = 8 : then ^ / = 0, 1, … ,7 and^ì +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1, +1^, @0 = 0−1, +1, −1, +1, −1, +1, −1^, @0 = 1+1, −1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1^, @0 = 2−1, −1, +1, +1, −1, −1, +1^, @0 = 3+1, +1, +1, −1, −1, −1, −1^, @0 = 4−1, +1, −1, −1, +1, −1, +1^, @0 = 5+1, −1, −1, −1, −1, +1, +1^, @0 = 6−1, −1, +1, −1, +1, +1, −1^, @0 = 7 The above proposed configuration may extend to any number of RSs, as FR (sub- carrier) index k can take any integer value in a system bandwidth. Further, the proposed con- figuration illustrates resource mapping for a slot. In other words, by repetition of a configured partition for SIP, the proposed configuration covers multiple RSs.Fig. 4 illustrates a partitioned pilot configuration of a RS with ^# = 4 and ^$ =1, for four antenna ports. Each ‘+’ and ‘–‘ in a resource element indicates -^K^^ / ^-^L. ^^ / 0 ^. Itwill be further noted that each RE in the example of Fig.4 may be – i.e., each RE has a white background, which differs from the to Fig. 1. This is due to maintaining clarity in the drawings. In other words, in the drawings, when a ‘+” or ‘-‘ symbol is illustrated in a RE, it is a RE allocated for a SIP transmission. A first SIP code 400 may be for antenna port 1000, for example. Each RE may be configured with “+”. Partition block 402 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the first code 400, wherein the sequence may A second SIP code 410 may be for antenna Partition block 412 indicates a sequence for each partition in the second SIP code 410, wherein the sequence may comprise ‘++--‘. A third SIP code 420 may be for antenna port 1002, for example. Partition block 422 indicates a sequence for each partition in the third SIP code 420, wherein the sequence may comprise ‘+-+-‘. And a fourth SIP code 430 may be for antenna port 1003, for example. Partition block 432 indicates a sequence for each partition in the fourth SIP code 430, wherein the se- quence may comprise ‘+--+‘. Fig.5 illustrates a signalling diagram 500 according to an example embodiment, wherein the SIP configuration comprises UL partitioned pilots over a full RS (e.g., FullRB- SIPDMRS-UL : SUPPORTED as described above). Similarly to Fig. 3, the UE1330, the UE2340 and the gNB 350 are communicating to illustrate a multi-user scenario. At 502, the UE1330 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350. The capa- bility report may comprise indication to support partitioned SIP over a full RS in UL (e.g., FullRB-SIPDMRS-UL : SUPPORTED). At 504, the UE2340 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350 comprising indication to support partitioned SIP over a full RS in UL. At 506, the gNB 350 may determine parameters of the configuration of the UL SIP transmission for each UE (UE1330 and UE2340). The parameters in this example may comprise, for example, ^#, ^$and ports @ for each of the UE1330 and the UE2340. At 508, the 350 may transmit, to the UE1330, the configuration. At 510, the gNB 350 may transmit, to the UE2340, the configuration. At 512, the UE1330 may generate SIP symbols over the full RS and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 514, the UE2340 may generate SIP symbols over the full RS and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 516, the UE1330 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 518, the UE2340 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 520, the gNB 350 may perform channel estimation based on the received SIP symbols in the UL transmissions at 516 and at 518 according to the SIP configuration. In an example, when the partitioning is performed over partial allocated resource set, a SIPSET, which may comprise a bundle of partitions, may be defined for indication of REs with partitioned SIP configuration as follows: StSC-SIPSET: a starting FR (e.g., subcarrier) of the SIPSET, where a reference FR (e.g., subcarrier) 0 is the starting FR in the allocated RS; SiSC-SIPSET: a number of FRs (e.g., subcarriers) in the SIPSET; StSY-SIPSET: a starting TR (e.g., OFDM symbol) of the SIPSET, where the ref- erence symbol 0 is the starting TR in the allocated RS ; SiSY-SIPSET: a number of TRs (e.g., OFDM symbols) allocated for the SIPSET. Fig. 6 illustrates an example embodiment of a SIPSET configuration 600, wherein each of the above described parameters are illustrated in an allocated RS. In the ex- ample, StSY-SIPSET is ‘1’, SiSC-SIPSET is ‘10’, SiSC-SIPSET is ‘8’ and StSC-SIPSET is ‘2’. For a SIPSET, a pseudo-random sequence r(m) can be mapped using the above laid-out principles. Considering a SIPSET with the above mentioned parameters, with partition size of ^#FRs (e.g., subcarriers) and ^$TRs (e.g., OFDM symbols), a sequence can bemapped to a resource element (^, ^) of th port as follows:J^# = (^^^ -^K^^ / ^-^L^^ / ,$ . 0 ^ 1^M3 + N^ ^4^N = 0, 1, …SiSYM = ]^ a$amplitude scaling for a SIP symbol, the al- located FD- the number of partitions in an SIPSET. The and the reference point for ^ is the configured StSY-SIPSET. Based on the total number of co-scheduled UEs, UE mobility patterns, etc., gNB may (re-)configure the SIPSET resource and / or the partitioning configuration parameters such that the partition can be effectively used to characterize the channel and interference conditions for each co-scheduled UE. Furthermore, based on the total number of co-scheduled UEs, UE mobility pat- terns, etc., gNB may consider guards in the defined SIPSET areas of two consecutive (TR) slots to prevent / reduce inter-symbol interference from adjacent OFDM symbols. Figs. 7A and 7B illustrate an example SIPSET configuration for eight antennaports, using ^# = 8 and ^$ = 1. The SIPSET configuration comprises StSC-SIPSET=2 andSiSC-SIPSET=16, StSY-SIPSET=0 and SiSY-SIPSET=14. The sign at each resource element indicates -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^. A SIP code 700 may be for antenna port 1000, for example. Partition block 702 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 700. A SIP code 710 may be for antenna port 1001, for example. Partition block 712 indicates a sequence of -^K.^^ / ^-^0L^^ / ^for each partition in the SIP code 710. A SIP code 720 may be for antenna port 1002, for example. Partition block 722 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 720. A SIP code for antenna port 1003, for example. Partition block 732 indicates a sequence of -^K. ^^ / ^-0^L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 730. A SIP code 740 may be for antenna port 1004, for example. Partition block 742 indicates a sequence of -^K. ^^ / ^-0^L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 740. A SIP code 750 may be for antenna port 1005, for example. Partition block 752 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 750. A SIP code 760 may be for antenna port 1006, for example. Partition block 762 indicates a sequence of -^K^ / -^.^ ^0L^^ / ^for each partition in the SIP code 760. A SIP code for antenna port 1007, for example. Partition block 772 indicates a sequence of -. 0for each partition in the SIP code 770. Figs. 8A and 8B illustrate another example SIPSET configuration for eight an-tenna ports respectively, using ^# = 2 and ^$ = 4. The SIPSET configuration comprisesStSC-SIPSET=0 and SiSC- SIPSET=1 and SiSY-SIPSET=12. The sign at each resource element indicates -^K.0A SIP code 800 may port 1000, for example. Partition block 802 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 800. A SIP code 810 may be for antenna port 1001, for example. Partition block 812 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 810. A SIP code 820 may be for antenna port 1002, for example. Partition block 822 indicates a sequence of -^K ^. ^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 820. A SIP code 830 may be for antenna port 1003, for example. Partition block 832 indicates a sequence of -^K ^.^^ / ^-0L^^ / ^for each partition in the SIP code 830. A SIP code for antenna port 1004, for example. Partition block 842 indicates a sequence of -^K. ^^ / ^-0^L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 840. A SIP code 850 may be for antenna port 1005, for example. Partition block 852 indicates a sequence of -^K. ^^ / ^-^0L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 850. A SIP code 860 may be for antenna port 1006, for example. Partition block 862 indicates a sequence of -^K.^^ / ^-0^L^^ / ^for each partition in the SIP code 860. A SIP code for antenna port 1007, for example. Partition block 872 indicates a sequence of -^K. ^^ / ^-0^L^^ / ^ for each partition in the SIP code 870. Fig.9 diagram 900 according to an example embodiment, wherein the SIP configuration comprises UL partitioned pilots over a partial RS. At 902, the UE1330 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350. The capa- bility report may comprise indication to support partitioned SIP over a segment of a RS in UL (e.g., PartialRB-SIPDMRS-UL : SUPPORTED). At 904, the UE2340 may transmit a capability report to the gNB 350 comprising indication to support partitioned SIP over a segment of a RS in UL. At 906, the gNB 350 may determine parameters of the configuration of the UL SIP transmission for each UE (UE1330 and UE2340). The parameters in this example maycomprise, for example, StSC-SIPSET, SiSC-SIPSET, StSY-SIPSET and SiSY-SIPSET, ^#,^$ and ports @ for each of the UE1330 and the UE2340.At 908, the gNB 350 may transmit, to the UE1330, the respective configuration. At 910, the gNB 350 may transmit, to the UE2340, the respective configuration. At 912, the UE1330 may generate SIP symbols over a segment of the RS and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 914, the UE2340 may generate SIP symbols over a segment of the RS and superimpose the SIP symbols with a data, which is to be transmitted to the gNB 350. At 916, the UE1330 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 918, the UE2340 may transmit, to the gNB 350, a UL transmission, based on the generated SIP symbols. At 920, the gNB 350 may perform channel estimation based on the received SIP symbols in the UL transmissions at 516 and at 518 according to the SIP configuration. Fig. 10 is a block diagram of a terminal device 1000 (TD 1000) configured to practice example embodiments. The TD 1000 may comprise, for example, user equipment (UE), a mobile phone, a smartphone, a tablet computer, a smart watch, a hand-held device, a portable device or a wearable device. The TD 1000 may comprise one or more processors 1002 and one or more mem- ories 1004 that comprise computer program code. The TD 1000 may also include other ele- ments, such as a transceiver 1006 configured to enable the TD 1000 to transmit and / or receive information to / from other devices, as well as other elements not shown in Fig.10. In one ex- ample, the TD 1000 may use the transceiver 1006 to transmit or receive signalling information and data in accordance with at least one cellular communication protocol. The transceiver 1006 may be configured to provide at least one wireless radio connection, such as for example a 3GPP mobile broadband connection (for example, 5G or 6G). The transceiver 1006 may com- prise, or be configured to be coupled to, at least one antenna to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Although the TD 1000 is depicted to include only one processor 1002, the TD 1000 may include more than one processor. In an embodiment, the at least one memory 1004 is capable of storing instructions, such as an operating system and / or various applications. Fur- thermore, the at least one memory 1004 may include a storage that may be used to store, for example, at least some of the information and data used in the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, the processor 1002 is capable of executing the stored instructions. In an embodiment, the processor 1002 may be embodied as a multi-core processor, a single core processor, or a combination of one or more multi-core processors and one or more single core processors. For example, the processor 1002 may be embodied as one or more of various processing devices, such as a coprocessor, a microprocessor, a controller, a digital signal pro- cessor (DSP), a processing circuitry with or without an accompanying DSP, or various other processing devices including integrated circuits such as, for example, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a hardware accelerator, a special-purpose computer chip, a neural network (NN) chip, an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator, a tensor processing unit (TPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or the like. In an embodiment, the processor 1002 may be configured to execute hard-coded functionality. In an embodiment, the processor 1002 is embodied as an executor of software instructions, wherein the instructions may specifically configure processor 1002 to perform the algorithms and / or operations described herein when the instructions are executed. The memory 1004 may be embodied as one or more volatile memory devices, one or more non-volatile memory devices, and / or a combination of one or more volatile memory devices and non-volatile memory devices. For example, the memory 1004 may be embodied as semiconductor memories (such as mask ROM, PROM (programmable ROM), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.). The TD 1000 may comprise any of various types of devices used directly by an end user entity and capable of communication in a wireless network, such as a user equipment (UE). Such devices include but are not limited to smartphones, tablet computers, smart watches, lap top computers, internet-of-things (IoT) devices, massive machine-to-machine (M2M) devices, massive machine type communications (mMTC) devices, industrial internet- of-things (IIoT) devices, enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) devices, ultra-reliable low-la- tency communication (URLLC) devices, relay nodes (such as integrated access and backhaul nodes) configured to facilitate backhaul connections, and / or devices mounted in vehicles, etc. When executed by the at least one processor 1002, instructions stored in the at least one memory 1004 may cause the TD 1000 at least to receive, from a network node, con- figuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of FRs in each partition; a number of TRs in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code. The partition information may comprise, for example, parameters of a partitioned pilot configuration, such as ^#, ^$as in step 306 in Fig. 3, or ^#, ^$and ports @ for the TD 1000 as in step 506 in Fig. 5, SIPSET parameters SiSC-SIPSET, StSY- SIPSET and SiSY-SIPSET in to ^#, ^$and ports TD 1000, as in step 906 in Fig.9. In the above example embodiment, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor 1002, further cause the TD 1000 at least to receive or transmit the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration. In other words, depending on the configuration of at least one of a DL or an UL SIP transmission, the TD 1000 may either receive or transmit a SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the TD 1000, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor 1002, further cause the terminal device at least to transmit, to the network node, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration for the at least one SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the TD 1000, the capability information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception over the full allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to sup- port SIP transmission over the full allocated resource set. The TD 1000 may be configured with the capability to indicate, which RE’s in an allocated RS can be used for SIP, as described in above examples. In an example embodiment of the TD 1000, the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition from the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one pro- cessor 1002, further cause the TD 1000 at least to estimate a channel based on the received downlink SIPs. In an example embodiment of the TD 1000, the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition to the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor 1002, further cause the TD 1000 at least to generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the network node based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols. In an example embodiment of the TD 1000, the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of fre- quency resources or a number of time resources of the segment. Fig.11 illustrates block diagram of a network node 1100 according to an example embodiment. The network node 1100 may comprise one or more processors 1102 and one or more memories 1104 that comprise computer program code. The network node 1100 may also include other elements, such as a transceiver 1106 configured to enable network node 1100 to transmit and / or receive information to / from other devices, as well as other elements not shown in Fig.1100. In one example, the network node 1100 may use the transceiver 1106 to transmit or receive signalling information and data in accordance with at least one cellular communica- tion protocol. The transceiver 1106 may be configured to provide at least one wireless radio connection, such as for example a 3GPP mobile broadband connection (for example,, 5G or beyond). The transceiver 1106 may comprise, or be configured to be coupled to, at least one antenna to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. Although the network node 1100 is depicted to include only one processor 1100, the network node 1100 may include more than one processor. In an embodiment, The memory 1104 is capable of storing instructions, such as an operating system and / or various applications. Furthermore, the memory 1104 may include a storage that may be used to store, for example, at least some of the information and data used in the disclosed embodiments. Furthermore, the at least one processor 1102 is capable of executing the stored instructions. In an embodiment, the processor 1102 may be embodied as a multi-core processor, a single core processor, or a combination of one or more multi-core processors and one or more single core processors. For example, the processor 1102 may be embodied as one or more of various processing devices, such as a coprocessor, a microprocessor, a controller, a digital sig- nal processor (DSP), a processing circuitry with or without an accompanying DSP, or various other processing devices including integrated circuits such as, for example, an application spe- cific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a hardware accelerator, a special-purpose computer chip, a neural network (NN) chip, an artificial intelligence (AI) accelerator, a tensor processing unit (TPU), a neural processing unit (NPU), or the like. In an embodiment, processor 1102 may be configured to execute hard- coded functionality. In an embodiment, processor 1102 is embodied as an executor of software instructions, wherein the instructions may specifically configure processor 222 to perform the algorithms and / or operations described herein when the instructions are executed. The memory 1104 may be embodied as one or more volatile memory devices, one or more non-volatile memory devices, and / or a combination of one or more volatile memory devices and non-volatile memory devices. For example, the memory 1104 may be embodied as semiconductor memories (such as mask ROM, PROM (programmable ROM), EPROM (erasable PROM), flash ROM, RAM (random access memory), etc.). The network node 1100 may comprise a base station, a transmission reception point, TRP, a LEO satellite, and / or a relay node. The base station may include, for example, a 5G or 6G base station (gNB) or any such device providing an air interface for the TD 1000 to connect to a wireless network via wireless transmissions. It is to be noted that when referring to, for example, “providing”, “transmitting”, “receiving” or “obtaining” etc., it may comprise the network node 1100 and the TD 1000 com- municating information via, for example, at least one transceiver 1106 and at least one trans- ceiver 1006. When executed by the at least one processor 1102, instructions stored in the at least one memory 1104, when executed by the at least one processor 1102, may cause the network node 1100 at least to: determine a configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated re- source set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and transmit or receive the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the instructions stored in the at least one memory 1104, when executed by the at least one processor 1102, may further cause the network node 1100 at least to: receive, from the terminal device, capability infor- mation on support of partitioned pilot configuration for at least one SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the capability information may comprise at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over the full allo- cated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over by the terminal device a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission by the terminal device over the full allocated resource set. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the transmitting or receiv- ing the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition from the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor 1102, further cause the network node 1100 at least to: estimate a channel based on the received uplink SIPs. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the instructions, when ex- ecuted by the at least one processor 1102, further cause the network node 1100 at least to: obtain at least one uplink SIP transmission from the terminal device based on the transmitted configuration; and estimate a channel based on the at least one uplink SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the configuration of the at least one of downlink or uplink SIP transmission is determined further based on a number of supported antenna ports and the estimated channel. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the transmitting or receiv- ing the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition to the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the terminal device based on the configuration comprises In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of fre- quency resources or a number of time resources of the segment. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the partition information may further comprise at least one of: a number of subcarriers in the partition; a number of OFDM symbols in the partition; a starting subcarrier index; a subcarrier size; an OFDM symbol size; or a starting OFDM symbol index. In an example embodiment of the network node 1100, the configuration of the at least one of uplink or downlink SIP transmission further comprises port indexing in both fre- quency and time domain. Fig.12 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 1200 according to an example em- bodiment. The method 1200 may be performed by an apparatus comprising, for example, at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions that cause the apparatus to perform the method 1200, such as the TD 1000. An example embodiment of a computer program may comprise instructions which causes an apparatus (such as TD 1000) to perform the method 1200. At 1202, the method 1200 may comprise receiving, from a network node, con- figuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: i) a number of frequency resources in each partition, ii) a number of time resources in each partition; or iii) an allocated orthogonal cover code. And at 1204, the method 1200 may comprise receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration. Fig.13 illustrates a flow diagram of a method 1300 according to an example em- bodiment. The method 1300 may be performed by an apparatus comprising, for example, at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions that cause the apparatus to perform the method 1300, such as the network node 1100. An example embodiment of a computer program may comprise instructions which causes an apparatus (such as network node 1100) to perform the method 1300. At 1302, the method 1300 may comprise determining a configuration of at least one of a downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission comprising partition infor- mation of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: i) a number of frequency resources in each partition; ii) a number of time resources in each partition; or iii) an allocated orthogonal cover code At 1304, the method 1300 may further comprise transmitting the configuration to the terminal device. At 1306, the method 1300 may further comprise transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. The method 1300 may further comprise (not shown in Fig. 13) receiving, from the terminal device, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise at least: means for receiving, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and means for receiving and / or means for transmitting the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration. ‘The means’, as referred herein, may comprise for example, at least one processor and at least one memory comprising instructions, causing an apparatus to perform any and / or all aspects described when executed by the at least one processor. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise means for transmitting, to the network node, capability information on support of partitioned pilot con- figuration for the at least one SIP transmission. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise: the capa- bility information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception over the full allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission over the full allocated resource set. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise: the receiv- ing or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition from the network node; and means for estimating a channel based on the received downlink SIPs. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise: the receiv- ing or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition to the network node; and means for generating SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the network node based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the TD 1000, may comprise: the parti- tion information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the partition information comprises at least one of a start fre- quency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of frequency resources or a number of time resources of the segment. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, may comprise: means for determining a configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; means for transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and means for transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration. An example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, may comprise at least: means for receiving, from the terminal device, capability infor- mation on support of partitioned pilot configuration for at least one SIP transmission. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the capability information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over the full allo- cated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over by the terminal device a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission by the terminal device over the full allocated resource set. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition from the terminal device, and the apparatus may comprise at least means for estimating a channel based on the received uplink SIPs. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the configuration of the at least one of downlink or uplink SIP transmission is determined based on a number of supported antenna ports and the estimated channel. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition to the terminal device, and wherein the apparatus may further comprise at least means for generating SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the terminal device based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of frequency resources or a number of time resources of the seg- ment. In an example embodiment of the another apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, the configuration of the at least one of uplink or downlink SIP transmission further com- prises port indexing in both frequency and time domains. Another example of an apparatus suitable for carrying out the embodiments and examples described above, particularly in reference to the network node 1100, may comprise: the partition information comprises at least one of: a number of subcarriers in the partition; a number of OFDM symbols in the partition; a starting subcarrier index; a subcarrier size; an OFDM symbol size; or a starting OFDM symbol index. In an example embodiment, a computer program code may comprise instructions, which may cause an apparatus to perform the method 1200. In an example embodiment, a computer program code may comprise instructions, which may cause an apparatus to perform the method 1300. One or more of the example and example embodiments discussed above may enable a solution which may improve spectral efficiency of new radio (and beyond) network- ing. Furthermore, one or more of the example embodiments may enable a solution which may improve pilot contamination of new radio (and beyond) networking. At least a portion of the functionality described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more computer program product components such as software components. According to an embodiment, the TD 1000 may comprise a processor or processor circuitry, such as for example a microcontroller, configured by the program code when executed to exe- cute the embodiments of the operations and functionality described. Alternatively, or in addi- tion, the functionality described herein can be performed, at least in part, by one or more hard- ware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), Appli- cation-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs), Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Any range or device value given herein may be extended or altered without losing the effect sought. Also, any embodiment may be combined with another embodiment unless explicitly disallowed. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as examples of implementing the claims and other equivalent features and acts are intended to be within the scope of the claims. It will be understood that the benefits and advantages described above may relate to one embodiment or may relate to several embodiments. The embodiments are not limited to those that solve any or all of the stated problems or those that have any or all of the stated benefits and advantages. It will further be understood that reference to 'an' item may refer to one or more of those items. The steps of the methods described herein may be carried out in any suitable order, or simultaneously where appropriate. Additionally, individual blocks may be deleted from any of the methods without departing from the spirit and scope of the subject matter described herein. Aspects of any of the embodiments described above may be combined with aspects of any of the other embodiments described to form further embodiments without losing the effect sought. The term 'comprising' is used herein to mean including the method, blocks or elements identified, but that such blocks or elements do not comprise an exclusive list and a method or apparatus may contain additional blocks or elements. It will be understood that the above description is given by way of example only and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the structure and use of exemplary em- bodiments. Although various embodiments have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, or with reference to one or more individual embodiments, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this specification.

Claims

CLAIMS:

1. A terminal device, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to: receive, from a network node, configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated re- source set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and receive or transmit the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration.

2. The terminal device according to claim 1, wherein the instructions, when exe- cuted by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: transmit, to the network node, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration for the at least one SIP transmission.

3. The terminal device according to claim 2, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception over the full allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission over the full allocated resource set.

4. The terminal device according to any preceding claim, wherein the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition from the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: estimate a channel based on the received downlink SIPs.

5. The terminal device according to any preceding claim, wherein the receiving or transmitting the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition to the network node, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the network node based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols.

6. The terminal device according to any preceding claim, wherein the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the partition information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of frequency resources or a number of time resources of the segment.

7. A method, comprising: receiving, from a network node by a terminal device, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition infor- mation of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and receiving or transmitting, by the terminal device, the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration.

8. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform: receiving, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a downlink or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; andreceiving or transmitting, the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration.

9. A network node, comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory comprising instructions which, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network node at least to: determine a configuration of at least one of downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; transmit the configuration to the terminal device; and transmit or receive the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration.

10. The network node according to claim 9, wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network node at least to: receive, from the terminal device, capability information on support of partitioned pilot configuration for at least one SIP transmission.

11. The network node according to claim 10, wherein the capability information comprises at least one of: an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over a segment of the allocated resource set; an indication to support SIP reception by the terminal device over the full allo- cated resource set; an indication to support SIP transmission over by the terminal device a segment of the allocated resource set; or an indication to support SIP transmission by the terminal device over the full al- located resource set.

12. The network node according to any of claims 9 to 11, wherein the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises receiving one or more uplink SIPs in at least one partition from the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the network node at least to: estimate a channel based on the received uplink SIPs.

13. The network node according to claim 12, wherein the configuration of the at least one of downlink or uplink SIP transmission is determined based on a number of supported antenna ports and the estimated channel.

14. The network node according to any of claims 9 to 13, wherein the transmitting or receiving the least one SIP transmission comprises transmitting one or more downlink SIPs in at least one partition to the terminal device, and wherein the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the terminal device at least to: generate SIP symbols for the at least one partition, and wherein the transmitting the least one SIP transmission to the terminal device based on the configuration comprises transmitting the generated SIP symbols.

15. The network node according to any of claims 9 to 14, wherein the partition information indicates information of a segment of the allocated resource set where the partition is applied, and wherein the information comprises at least one of a start frequency resource or a start time resource of the segment within the allocated resource set, and at least one of a number of frequency resources or a number of time resources of the segment.

16. The network node according to any of claims 9 to 15, wherein the configura- tion of the at least one of uplink or downlink SIP transmission further comprises port indexing in both frequency and time domains.

17. A method, comprising: determining, by a network node, a configuration of at least one of a downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition;a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration.

18. A computer readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed by an appa- ratus, cause the apparatus to perform: determining a configuration of at least one of a downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission comprising partition information of an allocated resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration.

19. An apparatus, comprising: means for receiving, from a network node, configuration of at least one of a down- link or an uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission, comprising partition information of an allocated resource set, wherein the partition information indicates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; and means for receiving or transmitting, the least one SIP transmission from or to the network node based on the configuration.

20. An apparatus, comprising:means for determining a configuration of at least one of a downlink or uplink superimposed pilot, SIP, transmission comprising partition information of an al- located resource set for a terminal device, wherein the partition information indi- cates at least one of: a number of frequency resources in each partition; a number of time resources in each partition; or an allocated orthogonal cover code; means for transmitting the configuration to the terminal device; and means for transmitting or receiving the at least one SIP transmission to or from the terminal device based on the configuration.

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