System of networked aerial devices for cloud seeding operations

Abstract

The invention relates to a system comprising a plurality of aerial devices (10) for seeding clouds. Each aerial device (10) is configured to fly autonomously and comprises four rotors (12) configured to provide the aerial device (10) with lift, propulsion and stabilization. The aerial device (10) comprises a payload (14) carried by the aerial device (10), comprising a dispenser (15) configured to disperse active particles within cloud cells. The aerial device (10) also comprises a measurement sensor (18) configured to measure a physical quantity representative of the atmosphere around the aerial device (10), a control module (16) configured to control the operation of the aerial device (10) and in particular the dispenser (15) according to the measured physical quantity, and a communication unit (20) configured to receive a physical quantity from another aerial device (10) and / or transmit the measured physical quantity.

Description

[0001] NETWORKED AERIAL DEVICE SYSTEM FOR CLOUD SEEDING OPERATIONS

[0002] Technical Field

[0003] The present invention relates to a system of aerial devices operating alone or in a network for cloud seeding operations.

[0004] Previous technique

[0005] Cloud seeding is a weather modification technique that involves dispersing substances into the air to stimulate precipitation, increase rainfall, and combat hail and fog. This technique is commonly used in areas facing drought or water shortages and can also be used to mitigate the effects of severe weather events such as hailstorms. It can also increase cloud brightness to combat climate change. Traditional cloud seeding methods involve using airplanes or balloons to disperse the seeding agents into the atmosphere. However, these methods have several limitations.

[0006] Cloud seeding by aircraft requires specialized planes, pilots, and meteorologists, which can be costly and difficult to coordinate. Furthermore, aircraft have limited flight times and can be affected by complex atmospheric conditions, potentially reducing the effectiveness of cloud seeding operations. On the other hand, cloud seeding by balloon is simpler and requires fewer skilled personnel, but balloons necessitate a dense network of launch sites to ensure that no storm cells, for example, are missed.

[0007] In recent years, the use of drones for cloud seeding has become increasingly popular due to their potential for greater precision and control. However, operational implementation remains complex. Drones have limited flight times and payload capacities, and their use in cloud seeding operations requires careful planning and coordination. Furthermore, drones are subject to the same atmospheric conditions as airplanes and balloons and can be affected by factors such as wind shear, icing, and turbulence.

[0008] Consequently, there is a significant unmet demand for a more efficient and effective cloud seeding system. Ideally, such a system would combine the precision and control of drone technology with the operational efficiency of a networked approach, while also addressing the challenges posed by complex atmospheric conditions.

[0009] The invention therefore aims to address at least partially the technical problems presented above.

[0010] Description of the invention

[0011] The invention relates to a cloud seeding system comprising a plurality of aerial devices. Each aerial device is configured to fly autonomously, perform cloud seeding operations, and comprises:

[0012] - a payload carried by the aerial device and comprising a diffuser, the diffuser being configured to disperse active particles inside, or near, cloud cells present in an atmosphere to ensure their seeding;

[0013] - a measuring sensor configured to measure a physical quantity representative of the atmosphere around the aerial device;

[0014] - a control module configured to control the operation of the aerial device and in particular the diffuser according to the physical quantity measured by the measuring sensor.

[0015] For the purposes of this invention, "in the vicinity of cloud cells" means at a distance less than or equal to 10% of the total size of the cloud cell in question, or more generally within the suction zone of said cloud cell. Such a suction zone corresponds to an area of ​​influence within which currents or winds flow towards the cloud cell, generally supplying it with warm air and moisture.

[0016] A cloud seeding system also includes

[0017] - a plurality of base stations, each of the base stations being configured to launch and receive at least one aerial device; and

[0018] - a main station configured to send seeding instructions to aerial devices.

[0019] According to one embodiment, the aerial device is a drone comprising a plurality of rotors configured to provide lift, propulsion and stabilization of said aerial device.

[0020] As used here, the term "rotor" refers to a rotating component (propeller blade, turbine or turbojet rotor) of the aircraft device that generates lift and / or propulsion and / or stabilization.

[0021] The multiple rotors on the aerial device can be arranged in various configurations to provide the desired lift, propulsion, and control characteristics for autonomous flight and cloud seeding operations. The rotors can be independently controlled by the control module to adjust the thrust and orientation of the aerial device.

[0022] The use of four rotors offers a good balance between lift capacity, stability, and energy efficiency for cloud seeding operations. This configuration allows the aircraft to carry the necessary payload for cloud seeding while maintaining sufficient flight time and maneuverability to effectively target and seed cloud cells.

[0023] In another embodiment, the cloud seeding aerial device is a passive balloon configured for autonomous flight. In this case, the aerial device does not include rotors but instead uses atmospheric currents for propulsion and movement. The balloon is equipped with an envelope filled with a gas lighter than air, such as helium or hydrogen, enabling it to rise into the atmosphere. The control module is configured to adjust the balloon's altitude by controlling the amount of gas or ballast. The aerial device includes a payload, which is carried by the device and comprises a diffuser. The diffuser is configured to disperse active particles within, or near, cloud cells in the atmosphere to seed them.The aerial device also includes a control module configured to control the operation of the aerial device, including the diffuser, and a measurement sensor configured to measure a physical quantity representative of the atmosphere surrounding the aerial device. The control module is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device, and in particular the diffuser, according to the measured physical quantity.

[0024] According to one embodiment, the aerial device includes a geo-positioning information module coupled to the control module, the geo-positioning information module being configured to determine geo-positioning information for the aerial device, and where the control module is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device and in particular the diffuser according to the geo-positioning information.

[0025] As used here, the term "geopositioning information module" can refer to a device or component configured to receive signals from global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) and determine the geographic location, altitude, and / or speed of the aircraft. A geopositioning information receiver may include hardware and software components to process satellite signals and calculate position data. In some aspects, it may also incorporate inertial sensors or other positioning technologies to improve accuracy and reliability (star positioning, ground image recognition, road recognition, infrastructure recognition, etc.). Examples of geopositioning information receivers may include, but are not limited to:

[0026] - GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers that process signals from the US GPS satellite constellation;

[0027] - GLONASS receivers compatible with the Russian satellite navigation system;

[0028] - Galileo receivers that work with the European Union's satellite navigation system;

[0029] - multi-constellation GNSS receivers capable of simultaneously processing signals from several satellite systems;

[0030] - Differential GPS receivers (DG PS) that use ground reference stations to improve positioning accuracy;

[0031] - Real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS systems capable of achieving centimeter-level accuracy for precise applications.

[0032] According to one embodiment, the control module is further configured to ensure the automated return of the aerial device to its takeoff point or to a predetermined landing site using geo-positioning information.

[0033] According to one embodiment, the aerial device includes a communication unit (20) configured to receive an action report from another aerial device and / or transmit an action report, and in which the control module is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device and in particular the diffuser according to the transmitted action report.

[0034] In one embodiment, the aerial device may further include advanced safety systems. These systems may include an ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) system that allows the aerial device to automatically transmit its position, altitude, speed, and other information to other aerial devices. The aerial device may also be equipped with a collision avoidance system, such as a TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System) adapted for drones, which can detect the presence of other aircraft nearby and provide warnings or avoidance instructions to the control module. These systems can significantly improve the safety of operations, particularly in shared or high-traffic airspace.The control module can be configured to integrate data from these systems into navigation and decision-making algorithms, enabling automatic adjustments to the flight path to avoid potential conflicts with other aircraft while effectively pursuing the cloud seeding mission.

[0035] According to one embodiment, the measuring sensor comprises at least one of the following elements:

[0036] - a temperature sensor, the temperature sensor being configured to measure an ambient temperature;

[0037] - a pressure sensor, the pressure sensor being configured to measure atmospheric pressure;

[0038] - a humidity sensor, the humidity sensor being configured to measure relative humidity;

[0039] - an air velocity sensor, the air velocity sensor being configured to measure the velocity of the airflow around the aerial device;

[0040] - a particle sensor, the particle sensor being configured to detect and measure particle concentrations in the atmosphere.

[0041] According to one embodiment, the diffuser consists of a pyrotechnic torch which can be electrically activated by an electronic control module integrated into the aerial device.

[0042] The use of pyrotechnic flares offers the advantage of virtually no residual weight after use. This characteristic optimizes energy resources for the aerial device's return journey, thereby increasing its endurance and its ability to perform longer missions or land safely, even after exhausting its seeding agent payload. In some cases, the aerial device can be configured to jettison its entire residual payload if necessary, providing further optimization of weight and energy consumption. This jettisoning capability can be particularly useful in emergency situations or when maximum endurance extension is required for the return flight, thus improving operational flexibility and overall system safety.

[0043] Multiple aerial devices can communicate with each other, each using a communication module, thus creating a network and making the cloud seeding system a networked system. This networked system of aerial devices for cloud seeding operations therefore creates a powerful and efficient framework for atmospheric modification. By interconnecting multiple aerial devices, the system forms a dynamic and responsive network that significantly improves the overall effectiveness of cloud seeding missions. This network enables real-time data sharing and coordination between aerial devices, allowing them to collectively adapt their strategies based on the latest atmospheric information. The synergy created by this networked approach leads to more complete coverage of target areas and optimized use of seeding agents.As each aerial device contributes its sensor data and positioning information to the network, the entire system benefits from a broader and more detailed understanding of atmospheric conditions, enabling more informed decision-making and precise cloud seeding operations. This collaborative intelligence not only improves the immediate effectiveness of cloud seeding missions but also contributes to the long-term advancement of atmospheric modification techniques through the accumulation and analysis of rich, multidimensional datasets.The network's ability to dynamically adapt to changing conditions and coordinate the efforts of multiple aerial devices represents a significant leap forward in the field of weather modification, offering the potential for more reliable and efficient cloud seeding operations in diverse geographical areas and varying atmospheric conditions. The main station allows for the sharing of certain devices, such as a wireless transmission antenna for GSM.

[0044] As used here, the term "seeding instructions" can refer to a set of directives or parameters sent from the main station to the aerial devices to guide and control their cloud seeding operations. These instructions may include, but are not limited to, target locations for seeding, the timing of seeding operations, the types and quantities of seeding agents to be dispersed, and the environmental conditions under which seeding should be initiated or terminated. Seeding instructions may also encompass a flight plan designed to be adapted by the aerial devices. This flight plan may provide a general trajectory or a series of waypoints for the aerial devices to follow, while allowing for real-time adjustments based on atmospheric conditions, the capabilities of the aerial devices, and network-wide coordination.The adaptable nature of the flight plan allows aerial devices to optimize their routes and seeding activities in response to changing environmental factors and operational requirements, thereby improving the overall efficiency of the cloud seeding system.

[0045] Furthermore, the flight plan provided in the seeding instructions includes crucial information for safety and regulatory compliance. It indicates no-fly zones, where applicable, as well as any flight restrictions, such as overflight restrictions over densely populated areas or critical infrastructure. This information enables the aircraft to navigate safely and in compliance with local regulations. In addition, the flight plan identifies potential emergency landing zones, providing safe fallback options in the event of unforeseen circumstances or malfunctions. This thorough planning enhances the overall safety of operations and the system's ability to effectively manage emergency scenarios.

[0046] Using balloons as aerial devices for cloud seeding offers several significant technical advantages. First, balloons have considerably longer flight times compared to powered aerial devices, allowing them to remain airborne for several hours, or even several days, without needing to recharge. Balloons can also penetrate and operate in areas of very high turbulence. This extended endurance enables continuous monitoring of atmospheric conditions and immediate responsiveness to optimal seeding opportunities. Second, balloons can reach higher altitudes than some aerial devices such as traditional drones, thus accessing specific atmospheric layers where seeding can be more effective.This extended altitude capability allows for targeting cloud formations at different atmospheric levels, thus optimizing seeding strategies according to local weather conditions. Third, the balloons' silent operation minimizes environmental disturbance and enables discreet operations in sensitive areas. Fourth, the balloons provide a stable platform for measurement and dispersal equipment, reducing vibrations and improving the accuracy of seeding operations. Furthermore, their payload capacity can be optimized to meet specific mission requirements, allowing for the transport of significant quantities of seeding agents or sophisticated monitoring equipment.These technical advantages make balloons a valuable complementary solution in a multi-platform cloud seeding system, offering increased operational flexibility and extensive coverage of target areas.

[0047] In one embodiment, the cloud seeding system may include a hybrid configuration integrating both motorized aerial devices (e.g., drones) and passive aerial devices such as balloons. This multi-platform approach makes it possible to leverage the specific advantages of each type of aerial device to optimize cloud seeding operations.

[0048] In this hybrid configuration, powered aerial devices can be deployed for seeding missions requiring precise maneuverability, rapid response, and directional control. Drones, for example, can be particularly effective for targeting specific cloud cells or for carrying out seeding operations in geographically restricted areas. Passive balloons, on the other hand, can be used for extended surveillance and direct (i.e., within a cloud cell) or large-scale seeding missions, leveraging their extended endurance and ability to reach high altitudes.

[0049] The interaction between motorized aerial devices, such as drones, and balloons within the network can be coordinated by the main station, which can assign complementary roles to each type of aerial device depending on atmospheric conditions and mission objectives. For example, balloons can be deployed upstream to conduct continuous weather monitoring and identify potential areas of interest, transmitting this information to drones via their respective communication units. These drones can then be directed to these areas to carry out targeted and precise seeding operations, potentially complementing other balloons deployed strategically based on data collected by the various aircraft involved.

[0050] Balloons can also serve as communication relays within the network, extending the communication range between aerial devices and ground stations thanks to their high-altitude positioning. This relay capability can improve overall system coordination, particularly in geographically vast areas where direct communication between drones and base stations may be limited. In some cases, balloons can be equipped with advanced weather sensors and transmit real-time atmospheric data to drones operating at lower altitudes. This information can allow drones to adjust their seeding strategies based on atmospheric conditions observed at different levels, thus optimizing the overall efficiency of the operation.

[0051] Coordination between drones and balloons can also include sequential seeding strategies, where balloons pre-seed the air column with long-lived agents, followed by targeted drone interventions with specialized seeding agents. This two-phase approach can maximize seeding efficiency by preparing the atmospheric environment before the precise drone intervention.

[0052] The control module of each aerial device, whether a drone or a balloon, can be configured to receive and process action reports from other devices in the network, enabling dynamic adaptation of seeding strategies. This collective intelligence can lead to continuous optimization of operations, where each aerial device contributes to the overall efficiency of the hybrid system.

[0053] According to one embodiment, the main station includes a communication interface configured to transmit seeding instructions to aerial devices via the communication unit and to receive status updates from aerial devices.

[0054] To optimize communication efficiency and reduce the data load, the seeding instruction format is designed to be minimal while still providing essential information. The transmitted data may primarily include:

[0055] - the potential seeding area,

[0056] - the area where cells materialize, and

[0057] - the directions and velocities of the cells.

[0058] They may, as an alternative or in addition, include information characterizing the lower layers of the cloud cell and thus estimate a maximum or optimal suction altitude, taking into account information on temperature, humidity, wind profile, etc.).

[0059] To further optimize data volume, only the cell envelopes and the potential seeding zone envelope are transmitted, along with the displacement vector. This approach significantly reduces the amount of data transmitted while providing aerial devices with the information necessary to effectively perform their seeding missions. Optimized data transmission helps reduce communication latency, conserve bandwidth, and improve overall system responsiveness, enabling faster adjustments to changing conditions.

[0060] According to one embodiment, each of the base stations includes a maintenance unit, the maintenance unit being configured to recharge energy and / or fill the payload of the aerial devices between missions.

[0061] According to one embodiment, each base station includes a receiving area, the receiving area being configured to safely receive at least one aerial device on its return if it is motorized.

[0062] According to one embodiment, each of the base stations includes a receiving area, the receiving area being configured to safely receive such aerial devices upon their return.

[0063] A receiving area is a specially designed and prepared area within a base station to receive and secure aerial devices upon their return from a mission. This area can take various forms, such as an elevated landing platform, a demarcated and prepared ground area, or a covered hangar. It may be equipped with landing aid systems such as light beacons, visual markers, or automatic docking devices. In some cases, the receiving area may include shock-absorbing mechanisms to cushion the impact of landing, or electromagnetic guidance systems to ensure precise positioning of the aerial device. Integrating such an area into the cloud seeding system offers several significant technical advantages.It significantly improves the accuracy and safety of landing operations, thereby reducing the risk of damage to aircraft and their sensitive equipment. This configuration also allows for a rapid and efficient transition between the end of a mission and the start of maintenance operations, optimizing aircraft uptime. Furthermore, by centralizing the return point for aircraft, the receiving area facilitates the immediate collection of mission data and the assessment of aircraft condition, contributing to more efficient fleet management and continuous improvement of cloud seeding system performance.

[0064] According to one embodiment, the main station includes a meteorological monitoring unit, said meteorological monitoring unit being configured to collect and analyze meteorological data.

[0065] In one embodiment, the meteorological monitoring unit at each base station includes a radar, such as a high-definition radar. This distributed network of high-definition radars offers significant technical advantages that further enhance the cloud seeding system's capabilities. By utilizing advanced radar technology at multiple locations, the system gains access to highly detailed and accurate atmospheric data over a wider area. This high-resolution information enables precise identification and tracking of cloud formations, including their internal structure, moisture content, and the size of their constituent droplets, from various angles and perspectives.The enhanced spatial and temporal resolution of radar data from multiple sources allows the system to detect subtle changes in atmospheric conditions that can be crucial to the success of cloud seeding operations, even in areas that might be obscured from a single radar location.

[0066] In one embodiment, each base station includes a meteorological monitoring unit, which is configured to collect and analyze meteorological data. In another embodiment, the meteorological monitoring unit includes a radar, such as a high-definition radar. The meteorological monitoring unit incorporating a high-definition radar offers significant technical advantages that further enhance the capabilities of the cloud seeding system. By using advanced radar technology, the system has access to highly detailed and accurate atmospheric data. This high-resolution information enables precise identification and tracking of cloud formations, including their internal structure and moisture content.The enhanced spatial and temporal resolution of radar data allows the system to detect subtle changes in atmospheric conditions that can be crucial to the success of cloud seeding operations. This level of detail supports more targeted and effective seeding strategies, as the system can more accurately identify optimal injection points or zones within cloud cells. The high-definition radar also improves the system's ability to monitor the development and movement of seeded clouds, providing valuable feedback on the effectiveness of seeding operations in near real-time. This capability enables dynamic adjustments to seeding strategies during ongoing missions, potentially increasing the overall success rate of cloud modification efforts.

[0067] According to one embodiment, the main station is further configured to simultaneously coordinate the operations of several aerial devices, the coordination including the allocation of specific target areas to each aerial device and the management of their flight paths to optimize cloud seeding coverage.

[0068] The main station's ability to simultaneously coordinate multiple aerial devices allows for a highly efficient and comprehensive approach to cloud seeding operations.

[0069] Real-time flight path management for multiple devices optimizes cloud seeding coverage by allowing the system to dynamically adapt to changing atmospheric conditions. This flexibility enables aerial devices to respond quickly to emerging cloud formations or changing weather patterns, maximizing the chances of successful seeding operations. Coordinated flight path management also minimizes the risk of collisions between devices or overlapping coverage areas, improving both safety and operational efficiency.

[0070] The simultaneous coordination of multiple aerial devices also enables the implementation of complex seeding strategies that might not be possible with operations conducted by a single individual device. For example, the system could orchestrate synchronized seeding of different parts of a large cloud system or implement staged seeding approaches that simultaneously target different altitudes or cloud characteristics. This advanced coordination also allows the use of different and complementary seeding agents, such as freezing and condensation nuclei, each targeting specific atmospheric conditions within the same cloud system. This multi-agent, multi-level approach improves the overall efficiency of the seeding operation by precisely tailoring interventions to the diverse characteristics of the target cloud.

[0071] Furthermore, this coordinated approach facilitates the collection of comprehensive data across the entire operational area. By simultaneously managing multiple airborne devices, the main station can gather a more complete picture of atmospheric conditions and the effects of cloud seeding, potentially leading to a better understanding of cloud dynamics and the refinement of seeding techniques over time.

[0072] According to one embodiment, the system further comprises a landing unit for guiding aerial devices to ground stations, the landing unit comprising: - a transmitter, the transmitter being mounted on a structure at each ground station and positioned in the center of a landing zone; and

[0073] - a three-dimensional (3D) interferometer, the 3D interferometer being mounted on each aerial device and configured to detect signals from the transmitter.

[0074] In one embodiment, the transmitter is configured to emit signals in the GHz frequency range. Configuring the transmitter to emit signals in the GHz frequency range offers several significant technical advantages for the cloud seeding system's landing capabilities. The choice of GHz frequencies is primarily driven by size considerations: the higher the frequency, the more compact the interferometer can be, which is crucial for integration on small aerial devices. This compactness allows for better integration and a reduction in the overall weight of the onboard system.

[0075] For short-range operations, even at low transmission power and in adverse weather conditions such as heavy rain, the GHz signal can be effectively received by the interferometer. In scenarios requiring greater range, specific signal processing techniques can be implemented. For example, the transmitter can be configured to transmit continuously over a very narrow frequency band, while the interferometer can use relatively long integration times, on the order of several milliseconds, to improve signal detection and accuracy. This approach optimizes the performance of the landing system under various operational conditions, ensuring precise guidance of aircraft during their descent.

[0076] This improved signal reliability ensures that the landing unit remains effective even in challenging weather conditions, thereby enhancing the overall safety and efficiency of cloud seeding operations. Furthermore, the compact wavelength of GHz signals allows for smaller antenna designs on the transmitter and aerial devices, contributing to a lighter and more aerodynamic system without compromising performance. This frequency range also offers a good balance between signal range and power consumption, optimizing the landing unit's energy efficiency while maintaining effective coverage of the landing area.

[0077] In one embodiment, the 3D interferometer comprises an ambiguous grating and an unambiguous grating, with both configured to precisely define an elevation angle for landing. The use of an ambiguous and an unambiguous grating in the 3D interferometer offers significant technical advantages for the cloud seeding system's landing capabilities. This dual-grating configuration enables highly accurate determination of the landing elevation angle, which is essential for precise and safe landings of aerial devices. The ambiguous grating offers high accuracy but with multiple possible solutions, while the unambiguous grating provides a complete solution but with lower accuracy. By combining these gratings, the system can leverage the strengths of each to obtain unambiguous and highly accurate elevation angle measurements.This approach enables real-time and precise positioning of the aerial device relative to the landing zone, even in challenging atmospheric conditions or when GPS signals may be unreliable. The improved accuracy in determining the elevation angle contributes to smoother descent profiles, reducing the risk of hard landings or collisions with ground obstacles. Furthermore, this sophisticated interferometry technique can operate effectively in a variety of weather conditions, ensuring consistent landing performance across a wide range of operational scenarios. The integration of this advanced landing unit enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of cloud seeding operations, allowing for more frequent and precise missions while minimizing downtime and maintenance requirements for aerial devices.In one embodiment, the system comprises two transmitters per ground station, each configured to transmit signals at different frequencies. These transmitters are positioned along a known axis, enabling the aircraft to determine its exact relative position with respect to the station, including the station's orientation and altitude. Each station uses a unique frequency pair to avoid interference between different stations in the network.

[0078] The emitted signals can be modulated to also serve as a means of transmitting data from the base to the drone, thus optimizing the use of the radio frequency spectrum.

[0079] If all stations have transmitters with characteristics known to the drones, an aerial device can potentially position itself in space relative to all stations in the network. For each pair of transmitters, the drone can determine angles theta and phi, thus defining two straight lines in space. The intersection of these lines indicates the drone's exact position. It is important to note that this method is particularly accurate at short distances; at long distances, the difference between the two lines may become too small for precise localization.

[0080] This configuration allows for precise three-dimensional localization of aerial devices, significantly improving the safety and efficiency of landing operations, while also providing additional communication capabilities.

[0081] Configuring the transmitter to emit signals at multiple frequencies to determine the ground station's orientation offers several significant technical effects and advantages for the cloud seeding system. By using multiple frequencies, the system can accurately determine not only the position but also the orientation of the ground station relative to the approaching aircraft. This enhanced spatial awareness allows for more precise and adaptable landing approaches, especially in situations where the ground station may be positioned on uneven terrain or in areas with potential obstructions. The use of multiple frequencies also increases the robustness and reliability of the landing unit.Different frequencies can have different propagation characteristics through varying atmospheric conditions, allowing the system to maintain accurate orientation data even when certain frequency bands may be affected by weather phenomena such as rain, fog, or strong electromagnetic activity. This redundancy in frequency usage improves the overall reliability of the landing unit, ensuring consistent performance across a wide range of environmental conditions.

[0082] According to one embodiment, the seeding instructions include instructions for a parabolic flight, the parabolic flight being configured for:

[0083] - explore a target volume to find optimal injection points for cloud seeding,

[0084] - minimize the impact of lift loss due to icing while exploring the target volume in terms of height, depth, and width, and

[0085] - to use the inertia of the flight path to maintain exploration capabilities in areas of intense icing.

[0086] According to one embodiment, the target volume is determined by at least one meteorological monitoring unit and preferably a radar.

[0087] Integrating parabolic flight instructions into cloud seeding instructions offers significant technical advantages for cloud seeding systems. By using parabolic flight paths, aerial devices can efficiently explore a three-dimensional target volume identified by radar, enabling a thorough search for optimal injection points for cloud seeding agents. This approach allows the system to adapt to complex cloud structures and varying atmospheric conditions, potentially increasing the efficiency of seeding operations. The parabolic flight model is particularly advantageous in areas prone to severe icing, which can pose a significant challenge to cloud seeding operations.By leveraging the inertia of its flight path, the aerial device can maintain its exploratory capabilities even when it experiences a loss of lift due to ice buildup on its surfaces. This resilience allows the system to continue operating in conditions that might otherwise force conventional aerial platforms to aborte their missions, thus extending the operational envelope of the cloud seeding system.

[0088] Furthermore, the three-dimensional nature of the parabolic flight model—exploring the target volume in terms of height, depth, and width—allows for a more thorough and systematic approach to cloud seeding. This comprehensive coverage ensures that the aerial device can identify and target the most promising areas within a cloud formation for seeding, potentially improving the overall efficiency of the cloud seeding operation.

[0089] The parabolic flight pattern also offers the potential for energy conservation. By using the momentum gained during the descent phase of the parabola, the aircraft can reduce its energy consumption during the subsequent ascent phase, potentially extending mission duration and operational range.

[0090] In addition, this flight pattern can offer safety advantages by allowing the aircraft to quickly move between different altitudes, potentially avoiding dangerous weather conditions or conflicting air traffic.

[0091] The area of ​​interest for cloud seeding operations can be characterized by specific atmospheric conditions that are ideal for the introduction of seeding agents. This area is generally defined by the following parameters:

[0092] - a temperature zone between 5°C and -10°C depending on the agent used; - the presence of wind shear, characterized by a change in wind direction of more than 90° and / or a variation in wind intensity exceeding 80%; and

[0093] - updraft speeds greater than 2.5 m / s and less than 20 m / s.

[0094] This area of ​​interest is generally located ahead of cloud cells. The control module can be configured to determine this area primarily using radar information and / or information previously collected by other vectors (for example, a balloon, which by design has little or no risk of encountering areas of supercooled water). However, to refine the identification of the most favorable area and assist in guiding the aerial device, additional remote sensing equipment can be employed. This equipment may include infrared cameras or infrared spectroscopy systems. When using infrared cameras, the control module can be configured to determine the temperature of hydrometeors based on their radiance using the following formula, for example: T b = ï — “ alog -^ +l “ with:

[0095] - C = the speed of light;

[0096] - v c a and p are regression coefficients; and

[0097] - R is the observed radiance.

[0098] By combining this infrared data with radar information and local pressure, temperature, and humidity (PTU) measurements, the aerial device can anticipate areas of supercooled water. This capability allows the aerial device to approach these areas without entering them, potentially improving the safety and efficiency of the seeding operation.

[0099] The technical effects of this approach include:

[0100] - Improved accuracy in identifying ideal seeding areas: by using multiple data sources, including radar, infrared, and PTU measurements, the system can more accurately identify the most effective areas for cloud seeding. This accuracy can lead to improved seeding efficiency and potentially better results in terms of precipitation modification;

[0101] - improved safety: the ability to detect and avoid areas of supercooled water reduces the risk of icing on the aircraft, which could otherwise compromise its flight capabilities and the success of the mission;

[0102] - an adaptive operation: real-time analysis of atmospheric conditions allows the aerial device to dynamically adjust its flight path and seeding strategy, potentially improving the overall efficiency of the cloud seeding operation;

[0103] - Network synergy: data collected by each aerial device can be transmitted to the base station and shared with other aerial devices in the network. This information sharing can help other aerial devices in the network to more effectively locate optimal injection points, potentially leading to a more coordinated and efficient cloud seeding operation across the entire target area;

[0104] - Resource optimization: by precisely identifying the most promising areas for seeding, the system can potentially reduce the amount of seeding agent needed, leading to more economical operations; and

[0105] - Extended operational range: The ability to detect and navigate around hazardous conditions allows aerial devices to operate autonomously, safely, and effectively across a wider range of atmospheric conditions, potentially increasing the number of viable cloud seeding opportunities. These capabilities represent a significant advancement in cloud seeding technology, potentially leading to more effective and efficient weather modification operations.

[0106] According to one embodiment, the seeding instructions include instructions for vortex paths, the vortex paths being configured to wait for ideal seeding conditions.

[0107] In one embodiment, vortex trajectories can include circles or ellipses with gradual changes in altitude. The control module can be configured to implement these vortex trajectories, where the aircraft waits for ideal seeding conditions rather than actively searching for them. This approach can significantly reduce energy consumption compared to static flight, which is typically the most energy-intensive phase of operation. Vortex trajectories allow the aircraft to efficiently explore a three-dimensional volume while waiting for the optimal moment to perform seeding operations. This strategy can be particularly effective in situations where seeding timing is critical, such as in the case of approaching storm cells.

[0108] In some aspects, seeding instructions may also include a broad approach strategy. Under this strategy, aerial devices can be configured to seed the air column tens of minutes before storm cells arrive at a target site. The system may include ground stations equipped with power recharge capabilities and automatic agent dispensing mechanisms, allowing for repeated seeding operations if necessary. The seeding agents used in this approach can remain active in the air for varying durations, typically 40 to 50 minutes for hygroscopic salts and potentially longer for inorganic freezing nuclei such as silver iodide. This method can optimize agent consumption by combining an atmospheric saturation strategy with the option of targeted injection.The control module can be configured to adjust the "timing" and intensity of the seeding based on real-time atmospheric data and predicted storm cell movements, potentially improving the overall efficiency of the cloud seeding operation.

[0109] Optimizing flight altitudes in the event of icing is another crucial feature of the drone management system. The control module can be configured to guide the drone down to warmer areas when icing is detected or anticipated. This capability allows the drone to shed accumulated ice and regain optimal flight performance, potentially increasing the overall efficiency and safety of cloud seeding operations.

[0110] The system can also incorporate route optimization that takes into account no-fly zones such as overflights of villages, air traffic, and other drones in the network. This feature allows the drone to navigate efficiently while respecting airspace regulations and avoiding potential conflicts. By dynamically adjusting flight paths based on real-time data, the system can potentially reduce energy consumption and minimize the risk of collisions or airspace violations.

[0111] The seeding zone, located between 5°C and -10°C, presents significant challenges due to the risk of icing and severe turbulence. To ensure its return from this harsh environment, the drone can be configured to intelligently deploy all available onboard resources. This can include the strategic use of de-icing torches, adaptive flight path planning, and real-time adjustment of operational parameters based on sensor data and atmospheric conditions. The ability to operate effectively within this critical temperature range can significantly improve the overall efficiency of cloud seeding operations, potentially leading to more precise and effective weather modification capabilities. The invention also relates to a cloud seeding method implemented by the aerial device as described above, the method comprising:

[0112] - the receipt of a sowing instruction;

[0113] - the reception of meteorological data;

[0114] - the measurement of at least one physical quantity representative of the surrounding atmosphere using the measuring sensor;

[0115] - the analysis by the control module of at least one measured physical quantity;

[0116] - the autonomous adaptation by the control module (16) of the operation of the aerial device, and in particular of a diffuser, according to the analysis performed; and

[0117] - the dispersion of active particles within cloud cells by the diffuser of aerial devices.

[0118] In one embodiment, several aerial devices implement the process simultaneously and form a network. This process comprises several steps performed by each aerial device in the network, including the reception of a single or shared seeding instruction and meteorological data. Each device also measures physical quantities representative of the atmosphere, transmits these measurements to the other devices, analyzes the received and measured data, autonomously adapts the operation of the aerial device and its diffuser, and finally, performs the coordinated dispersion of active particles within cloud cells.

[0119] According to one embodiment, the meteorological data come from at least one meteorological monitoring unit.

[0120] According to one embodiment, the seeding instructions come from a main station.

[0121] According to one embodiment, the process further comprises: - the detection, by the control module of each aerial device, of supercooling zones based on the physical quantities measured and / or received;

[0122] - the determination, by the control module, that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a detected supercooling zone; and

[0123] - in response to the determination that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a supercooled zone, the execution, by the aerial device in charge of seeding this cloud cell, of a flight with a hyperbolic trajectory.

[0124] According to the invention, the term "supercooling zone" refers to a region of the atmosphere where water remains in a liquid state at temperatures below 0°C. These zones are particularly important for cloud seeding because they contain supercooled water droplets that can be easily transformed into ice crystals.

[0125] The term "hyperbolic flight path" can refer to a type of nonlinear flight path that allows the aircraft to efficiently traverse a supercooled zone while minimizing the risks associated with icing.

[0126] A hyperbolic trajectory also allows for better penetration and distribution of seeding agents in these critical areas, potentially improving seeding efficiency.

[0127] The various non-incompatible aspects defined above can be combined.

[0128] Brief description of the drawings

[0129] The embodiments of the invention will be described below with reference to the drawings, briefly described below:

[0130] - Figure 1 represents a schematic view of a device according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0131] - Figure 2 represents a schematic view of a base station according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3 represents a schematic view of a cloud seeding system according to an embodiment of the invention.

[0132] Detailed description

[0133] As shown in Figure 1, the invention relates to an aerial device 10, of the drone type, configured for autonomous flight and cloud seeding. The device further comprises at least three rotors, in this case four rotors 12, configured to provide lift, propulsion, and stabilization for the aerial device 10. In such a configuration, the aerial device 10 can be referred to as a quadcopter or quadrotor. The four rotors 12 are arranged in a symmetrical pattern, in an X or + configuration when viewed from above. This arrangement provides stable flight characteristics and good maneuverability. Each of the four rotors 12 is independently controlled by a control module 16 to adjust the thrust and orientation of the aerial device 10.By varying the speed of the 12 individual rotors, the quadcopter can perform pitch, roll, and yaw movements, as well as vertical thrust for takeoff, landing, and altitude control. The use of four rotors 12 offers a good compromise between lift capacity, stability, and energy efficiency for cloud seeding operations. This configuration allows the aerial device 10 to carry a payload 14 necessary for cloud seeding while maintaining sufficient flight time and maneuverability to effectively target and seed cloud cells.

[0134] The aerial device 10 also carries the payload 14, which includes a diffuser 15. The diffuser 15 is configured to disperse active particles within or near cloud cells present in an atmosphere to ensure their seeding. The diffuser 15 consists of one or more pyrotechnic flares that can be electrically activated by an electronic control module 16 integrated into the aerial device 10. The diffuser 15 may, however, as an alternative or in addition to a pyrotechnic flare, utilize or incorporate other types of particle diffusers, such as silver iodide burners or powder sprayers.

[0135] This configuration offers several technical effects:

[0136] - precise control of seeding initiation: electronic activation allows for exact "timing" of the pyrotechnic torch ignition, enabling precise targeting of cloud cells for seeding;

[0137] - efficient dispersion of seeding agents: the pyrotechnic torch ensures rapid and complete dispersion of active particles, improving the efficiency of the cloud seeding operation;

[0138] - Compact and lightweight design: the integration of the pyrotechnic torch as a diffuser 15 eliminates the need for separate mechanical dispersion systems, reducing the overall weight and complexity of the aerial device;

[0139] - Reliable operation in various atmospheric conditions: the pyrotechnic torch can operate effectively in a range of temperatures and humidity levels typically encountered during cloud seeding missions;

[0140] - For multi-stage or sequential seeding: electronic control allows for the programmed activation of multiple pyrotechnic flares or the staged ignition of a single flare, enabling adaptive seeding strategies based on real-time atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, this precise control offers the ability to select and activate different types of seeding agents according to the specific mission requirements. For example, the device can be equipped with flares containing various agents such as condensation or freezing nuclei, and the control module can select the most appropriate agent based on the detected atmospheric conditions, thus optimizing seeding efficiency for each situation encountered.

[0141] In addition, the aerial device 10 is configured to project one or more pyrotechnic flares to reach more relevant and distant seeding areas. This projection capability extends the device's effective range and optimizes the placement of seeding agents within targeted cloud cells. The flares can be projected using various means, such as specialized pyrotechnic systems, pneumatic launchers, or spring-loaded mechanisms. For example, a pyrotechnic system might use a small propellant charge to eject the flare a predetermined distance, while a pneumatic launcher might use compressed air to propel the flare toward the target area.This projection feature enhances the operational flexibility of the device, allowing it to adapt its seeding strategy according to specific atmospheric conditions and the structure of the clouds encountered, while maintaining a safe distance from potentially dangerous areas and reducing its energy consumption.

[0142] The device includes a control module 16 configured to control the operation of the aerial device 10, and in particular the diffuser 15. The control module 16 is further configured to ensure the automated return of the aerial device 10 to its takeoff point or to a predetermined landing site using geopositioning information. This feature is significant for improving the autonomy and reliability of the aerial device 10 for cloud seeding operations. By configuring the control module 16 to ensure an automated return to the takeoff point or a predetermined landing site, the aerial device 10 gains in operational efficiency and safety. This functionality allows the device to complete its mission and return without human intervention, reducing the risk of loss or damage due to navigational errors or unforeseen environmental conditions.It also improves the device's ability to operate in remote or challenging areas, as it can reliably return even if communication with a ground station is lost. Furthermore, this automated return capability contributes to more efficient mission planning and resource management, since operators can predict with greater certainty when and where the device will conclude its operations.

[0143] The aerial device 10 also includes a measuring sensor 18 configured to measure a representative physical quantity of the atmosphere surrounding the aerial device 10. The measuring sensor 18 includes a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a humidity sensor, an air velocity sensor, and a particle sensor configured to detect and measure particle concentrations in the atmosphere. The inclusion of multiple sensor types in an aerial device provides a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric conditions crucial for effective cloud seeding operations. A temperature sensor enables accurate measurement of ambient temperature, which is essential for determining ideal seeding conditions and the behavior of seeding agents. The pressure sensor enables precise altitude determination and helps identify atmospheric layers conducive to cloud formation.Humidity sensors provide essential data on moisture content, aiding in the identification of potential seeding targets and the evaluation of seeding effectiveness. Airspeed sensors contribute to flight stability and efficiency by enabling the aircraft to adapt to changing wind conditions, while also providing valuable data on atmospheric dynamics such as suction or shear zones. Such airspeed measurements can also be estimated from engine fuel consumption, if the aircraft is powered, and information from an inertial measurement unit (IMU) of the aircraft, or by allowing the aircraft to drift with the wind without attempting to maintain a specific position or trajectory.Particle sensors play a crucial role in detecting and measuring the concentration of natural aerosols and seeding agents, enabling real-time assessment of seeding operations and environmental conditions. Together, these sensors create a robust environmental monitoring system that enhances the accuracy, efficiency, and safety of cloud seeding missions, while also providing valuable data for atmospheric research and mission analysis. Furthermore, the data collected by the various sensors helps improve the networking capabilities of airborne devices. By sharing this comprehensive atmospheric information across the network, each device can contribute to a more complete and accurate picture of the overall seeding environment.This shared data enables the network to make more informed decisions about seeding strategies, ideal flight paths, and resource allocation. The collective intelligence derived from sensor data from multiple aerial devices can lead to improved seeding efficiency, better adaptation to changing atmospheric conditions, and more efficient use of seeding agents throughout the entire operation. Furthermore, this networked approach to data sharing can contribute to long-term improvements in cloud seeding techniques and atmospheric modeling, as the wealth of collected data can be analyzed to refine future operations and enhance our understanding of cloud dynamics and seeding processes.

[0144] According to one embodiment, the aerial device 10 can be configured to operate in a highly autonomous manner by actively searching for and tracking the updrafts of target cloud cells. In this mode, the control module 16 can use data from the air velocity sensor, in combination with other measuring sensors 18, to detect and map updrafts within the designated target area.

[0145] The control module 16 can be programmed with algorithms enabling the aerial device 10 to analyze in real time the data from the measuring sensors 18 and identify the air movement patterns characteristic of suction currents. Once these currents are detected, the aerial device 10 can dynamically adjust its flight path to optimally follow and explore these areas.

[0146] This highly autonomous operating mode allows the aerial device 10 to adapt in real time to dynamic atmospheric conditions, thus optimizing cloud seeding efficiency without requiring constant human intervention. It also enables operations in remote or hard-to-reach areas where real-time communication with a ground station may be limited.

[0147] Furthermore, this autonomous mode can facilitate more complex and adaptive seeding strategies. For example, the aerial device 10 can be programmed to alternate between different altitudes or zones within the cloud cell, depending on detected updrafts and observed optimal conditions, thus maximizing coverage and seeding efficiency.

[0148] In particular, the air velocity sensor plays a crucial role in detecting and analyzing updrafts, enabling the aerial device 10 to accurately identify currents favorable for cloud seeding. This ability to measure and track updrafts significantly improves the effectiveness of the seeding strategy, as it allows the device to optimally position itself in areas where the seeding agents will have the greatest impact. By combining this data with temperature and humidity measurements, the device can identify ideal conditions for cloud formation and growth, thus maximizing the effectiveness of each seeding operation.This real-time data-driven approach not only optimizes the use of seeding resources but also improves the accuracy and overall effectiveness of meteorological interventions, while potentially reducing the time required to achieve desired results. The aerial device 10 includes a communication unit 20 configured to receive a physical quantity from another aerial device 10 and / or transmit the measured physical quantity.

[0149] The control module 16 is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device 10, and in particular the diffuser 15, according to the physical quantity measured and / or the physical quantity received.

[0150] In one embodiment, the aerial device 10 includes a power source. The power source can be configured to supply electrical power to various components of the aerial device 10, such as the rotors 12, the control module 16, the measurement sensor 18, and the communication unit 20. The power source can be rechargeable or interchangeable to allow for multiple cloud seeding missions. The power source is an electric battery, preferably a lithium-ion battery. Lithium-ion batteries can be advantageous because of their high energy density, low self-discharge rate, and relatively light weight. These characteristics can help maximize the flight time and payload capacity 14 of the aerial device 10. The lithium-ion battery is removable and replaceable, allowing for rapid changeover between missions by exchanging discharged batteries for charged ones.The battery also incorporates advanced features such as intelligent charging capabilities, temperature management systems, and built-in safety mechanisms to prevent overcharging or overheating. The lithium-ion battery's capacity and configuration are optimized to meet the specific requirements of the aircraft, including factors such as the anticipated flight duration, the power consumption of onboard systems, and overall weight constraints. Multiple batteries can be used in parallel and / or series to increase the total energy capacity as needed.

[0151] The aerial device 10 also includes a geopositioning information module 22 coupled to the control module 16. The geopositioning information module 22 is configured to determine the geopositioning information of the aerial device 10, and the control module 16 is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device 10, and in particular the transmitter 15, according to the geopositioning information. The inclusion of a geopositioning information receiver coupled to the control module 16 offers several important technical advantages:

[0152] - awareness of precise location: the aerial device 10 can accurately determine its position in three-dimensional space, allowing for more precise navigation and targeting of cloud cells for seeding;

[0153] - improved mission planning and execution: with real-time location data, the control module 16 can optimize flight paths, adjust for wind drift and ensure that the air device 10 remains in designated operating areas;

[0154] - Enhanced security features: Geolocation information enables the implementation of geofencing to prevent the aerial device 10 from entering restricted airspace or flying beyond its operational range;

[0155] - Effective return-to-base capabilities: the aerial device 10 can autonomously navigate to its launch point or a predetermined landing site, even in low visibility conditions or after seeding operations that may have significantly altered its position; and

[0156] - Data recording for post-mission analysis: precise location data can be recorded throughout the mission, allowing for detailed analysis of flight paths, seeding locations and overall mission effectiveness.

[0157] The communication unit 20 is configured to receive geopositioning information from another aerial device and / or transmit geopositioning information, and the control module 16 is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device, and in particular the transmitter 15, based on the geopositioning information. The configuration of the communication unit 20 to receive and transmit geopositioning information from other aerial devices, coupled with the ability of the control module 16 to adapt operations based on this information, offers several significant technical advantages. This functionality enables a networked approach to cloud seeding operations, allowing for more efficient and effective coverage of target areas.By sharing geopositioning data, multiple aircraft can coordinate their movements and seeding activities, reducing redundancy and optimizing resource utilization. This networked capability enhances overall situational awareness of the cloud seeding operation. Each aircraft can benefit from the collective intelligence of the entire fleet, potentially identifying optimal seeding locations or atmospheric conditions that might not be apparent to a single aircraft operating in isolation. The ability to adapt operations based on received geopositioning information enables dynamic mission adjustments, improving the responsiveness and flexibility of the entire cloud seeding system. Furthermore, this capability contributes to increased safety and collision avoidance.By maintaining awareness of the position of other aircraft, each unit can adjust its flight path to maintain safe separation distances. This is particularly critical in scenarios where multiple aircraft are operating close to one another within the same cloud system. Shared geopositioning information also facilitates more efficient airspace management, reducing the risk of conflicts with other air traffic or restricted areas.

[0158] The communication unit 20 is configured to receive an action report from another aerial device 10 and / or transmit an action report, and the control module 16 is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device 10, and in particular the diffuser 15, according to the received action report. The configuration of the communication unit 20 to receive and transmit action reports from other aerial devices 10, coupled with the ability of the control module 16 to adapt operations based on this information, offers several significant technical advantages. This functionality enables a networked approach to cloud seeding operations, allowing for more efficient and effective coverage of target areas.By sharing action reports, which can include information such as actions performed, position at the time of action, timestamp, and representative atmospheric quantities, multiple aerial devices can coordinate their movements and seeding activities more precisely, reducing redundancy and optimizing resource utilization. This networked capability enhances overall situational awareness of the cloud seeding operation. Each aerial device can benefit from the collective intelligence of the entire fleet, potentially identifying optimal seeding locations or atmospheric conditions that might not be apparent to a single aerial device operating in isolation.The ability to adapt operations based on received action reports enables dynamic, real-time mission adjustments, improving the responsiveness and flexibility of the overall cloud seeding system. By maintaining awareness of the actions and positions of other aerial devices, each unit can adjust its flight path and actions to maintain safe separation distances and avoid duplication of seeding efforts. This is particularly critical in scenarios where multiple aerial devices operate in close proximity within the same cloud system.Shared action reports also facilitate more efficient airspace management, reducing the risk of conflicts with other air traffic or restricted areas, while allowing for a more in-depth analysis of the effectiveness of seeding operations through the temporal and atmospheric data included in these reports.

[0159] In other words, the control module 16 is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device 10 in various ways, including adjusting the diffuser's operation in response to measured or received atmospheric data. The control module can also modify the flight path based on geopositioning information, thus ensuring a safe, automated return. The aerial device 10 can adjust its operations by taking into account action reports received from other drones in the network, enabling effective coordination. This flexibility extends to optimizing seeding strategies, dynamically allocating target areas, and executing specific maneuvers such as hyperbolic flight in the presence of supercooled areas, or asymmetric flight to take advantage of different wind directions in various atmospheric layers.This overall adaptability allows the device to react effectively to changing conditions, thus optimizing the efficiency and safety of cloud seeding operations.

[0160] The control module 16 is also configured to detect the type of diffuser 15 and adapt the device's operation accordingly. This capability allows the aerial device to optimize its operations based on the specific characteristics of the installed diffuser, whether it is a multi-torch configuration or a combination of torches and other dispersion systems.

[0161] To detect the type of diffuser 15, the control module 16 can use various technologies. For example, a QR code system can be integrated onto the diffuser, allowing the control module to quickly scan and identify the exact type of diffuser installed. Alternatively, an RFID chip can be embedded in the diffuser, automatically transmitting information about the diffuser's type and characteristics to the control module when it is installed on the aerial device. These automatic detection methods enable rapid and accurate device configuration, reducing potential errors and optimizing the efficiency of seeding operations.

[0162] In the case of a multi-torch diffuser, the control module 16 can adjust the sequence and activation timing of each torch to maximize seeding efficiency based on detected atmospheric conditions. For a diffuser combining a torch and another dispersal system, such as a liquid sprayer, the control module 16 can orchestrate the complementary use of both systems, adapting the seeding strategy to the specific needs of each mission and the characteristics of the targeted clouds.

[0163] According to one embodiment, the aerial device 10 includes an emergency landing safety system 24. This emergency landing safety system 24 is a descent control device such as a parachute, for example. In this example, the parachute is configured to deploy automatically in the event of a power failure or other critical malfunction. The control module 16 is configured to trigger the parachute deployment at an optimal altitude, which can be predefined or calculated dynamically based on various parameters. The altitude is determined by the pressure sensor.

[0164] The deployment altitude can be determined to balance several factors. On the one hand, it can be low enough to minimize wind drift, thus reducing the risk of the aircraft 10 straying excessively from its intended area of ​​operation. On the other hand, the altitude can be high enough to allow for adequate deceleration of the descent, primarily aimed at preventing any potential collateral damage on the ground, such as damage to structures or infrastructure.

[0165] In some cases, the control module 16 dynamically adjusts the deployment altitude, taking into account factors such as the remaining payload, the current configuration of the aircraft, local weather conditions, and the topography of the area being overflown. This adaptive approach can optimize emergency landing safety in various operational situations.

[0166] The 24-hour emergency landing safety system may also include mechanisms to cushion the impact with the ground, thus helping to preserve the integrity of the aircraft during landing. These mechanisms may include, for example, deformable structures or airbags that deploy just before impact.

[0167] In addition, the aerial device 10 can be equipped with specific sensors to assess ground conditions during the parachute descent, allowing for last-minute adjustments to optimize the landing point. This feature can prove particularly useful in complex or densely populated environments.

[0168] As shown in Figure 3, the invention also relates to a system 30 for cloud seeding.

[0169] System 30 comprises a plurality of aerial devices as described above, each configured to perform cloud seeding operations. These aerial devices can communicate with each other using their communication modules, creating a network and making System 30 for cloud seeding a networked System 30. This networked System 30 of aerial devices for cloud seeding operations thus creates a powerful and efficient framework for atmospheric modification. By interconnecting multiple aerial devices, System 30 forms a dynamic and responsive network that significantly improves the overall effectiveness of cloud seeding missions. This network enables real-time data sharing and coordination among the aerial devices, allowing them to collectively adapt their strategies based on the latest atmospheric information.The synergy created by this networked approach leads to more comprehensive coverage of target areas and optimized use of seeding agents. As each aerial device contributes its sensor data and position information to the network, the entire system benefits from a broader and more detailed understanding of atmospheric conditions, enabling more informed decision-making and precise seeding operations. This collaborative intelligence not only improves the immediate effectiveness of cloud seeding missions but also contributes to the long-term advancement of atmospheric modification techniques through the accumulation and analysis of rich, multidimensional datasets.The network's ability to dynamically adjust to changing conditions and coordinate the efforts of multiple aerial devices represents a significant leap forward in the field of weather modification, offering the potential for more reliable and efficient cloud seeding operations in diverse geographical areas and varied atmospheric conditions.

[0170] According to one embodiment, the aerial devices 10 can be configured to operate in relay, taking turns seeding. In this operating mode, the aerial devices 10 can coordinate their seeding actions sequentially, allowing for optimal coverage of the target area while efficiently managing system resources.

[0171] The control module 16 of each aerial device 10 can be programmed to implement a coordination algorithm that determines the order and timing of the seeding operations. This relay approach can offer several technical advantages:

[0172] - optimization of energy consumption: by alternating periods of active seeding and standby flight, each device 10 can potentially extend its total flight time, allowing for more extensive coverage of the target area;

[0173] - Reduction of interference: Sequential seeding can minimize the risk of interference between seeding agents dispersed by different aerial devices 10;

[0174] - dynamic adaptation to conditions: System 30 can adjust the order and duration of seeding rounds based on real-time atmospheric data and / or shared action reports, thus optimizing the seeding strategy as conditions change;

[0175] - improved coverage: by coordinating their movements and actions, the 10 aerial devices can ensure more uniform coverage of the target area, avoiding unnecessary overlaps and filling potential gaps;

[0176] - resource management: this approach can allow for more efficient use of seeding agents, by ensuring that each aerial device 10 disperses its resources at the most opportune time and place;

[0177] - Operational flexibility: the system can easily adapt to the addition or removal of 10 aerial devices from the formation, simply by adjusting the relay sequence.

[0178] In this operating mode, the communication unit 20 plays a crucial role by enabling the aerial devices 10 to synchronize their actions and share information on the status of their seeding operations. The control module 16 of each aerial device uses this information to determine the optimal time to begin or end its seeding cycle, based on its position, resource levels, and local atmospheric conditions.

[0179] This relay approach can be particularly effective for large-scale or long-term seeding operations, where resource management and coordination of actions are essential to maximize the impact of the intervention on targeted cloud systems.

[0180] System 30 comprises a plurality of base stations 40 as shown in Figure 2, each base station 40 being configured to launch and receive at least one aerial device. Each base station 40 includes a maintenance unit 42, which is configured to replenish power and / or fill the payload 14 of the aerial devices between missions. This feature offers significant technical effects and advantages that improve the overall efficiency and sustainability of cloud seeding operations. By incorporating a maintenance unit 42 configured to replenish and fill the aerial devices between missions, System 30 ensures continuous operational availability and maximizes the utilization of the aerial devices. This functionality significantly reduces downtime between missions, enabling more frequent and consistent cloud seeding operations.The ability to rapidly recharge the power sources of the 10 aerial devices and replenish their seeding agent reserves on-site eliminates the need for time-consuming transport to separate maintenance facilities. Furthermore, this integrated maintenance capability contributes to the longevity and reliability of the 10 aerial devices by enabling regular maintenance and inspection between missions. The design also promotes resource efficiency by facilitating the reuse of the 10 aerial devices, thereby reducing the overall environmental impact and operational costs associated with cloud seeding activities. In addition, the presence of the maintenance unit 42 at base station 40 creates a centralized management effect for the 10 aerial devices, streamlining logistics and improving the overall coordination of cloud seeding campaigns.

[0181] Each base station 40 includes a receiving area 44, configured to safely receive at least one aerial device 10 upon its return. The inclusion of a receiving area 44, considered as a landing site, within the base station 40, configured to safely receive aerial devices upon their return, provides significant technical effects and benefits for the cloud seeding system 30. This feature enhances the overall safety and efficiency of operations by ensuring a controlled and secure landing environment for aerial devices. The dedicated receiving area 44 minimizes the risk of damage to the aerial devices 10 during landing, protecting sensitive equipment and preserving the integrity of collected data.It also allows for immediate post-mission processing, including rapid retrieval of mission data, assessment of the condition of the 10 aircraft, and initiation of maintenance procedures. The controlled landing area improves operational logistics by providing a clear and designated area for the recovery of the 10 aircraft, reducing the time and resources required to locate and recover aircraft that might otherwise land in less predictable locations. Furthermore, the reception area can be equipped with specialized landing aids or automated systems to guide aircraft to precise landing points, further enhancing safety and efficiency.This feature also contributes to the system's ability to maintain a rapid turnaround time between missions, as the aerial devices can be quickly recovered, serviced, and prepared for subsequent deployments, thus maximizing the system's overall operational capability and its responsiveness to changing weather conditions. A receiving area is a specially designed and prepared area within a base station to receive and secure aerial devices upon their return from a mission. This area can take various forms, such as an elevated landing pad, a demarcated and prepared ground area, or a covered hangar. It can be equipped with landing aid systems such as light beacons, visual markers, or automatic docking devices.In some cases, the landing zone 44 may include shock-absorbing mechanisms to cushion the impact of landing, or electromagnetic guidance systems to ensure precise positioning of the aerial device 10. Integrating such a zone into the cloud seeding system 30 offers several significant technical advantages. It considerably improves the accuracy and safety of landing operations, thereby reducing the risk of damage to the aerial devices 10 and their sensitive equipment. This configuration also allows for a quick and efficient transition between the end of a mission and the start of maintenance operations, optimizing the uptime of the aerial devices 10.Furthermore, by centralizing the return point of the 10 aerial devices, the receiving area 44 facilitates the immediate collection of mission data and the assessment of the status of the 10 aerial devices, contributing to more efficient fleet management and continuous improvement of the performance of the cloud seeding system 30.

[0182] Each base station 40 includes a weather monitoring unit 32. The inclusion of a weather monitoring unit 32 in each base station 40, configured to collect and analyze meteorological data, provides significant technical benefits that improve the overall efficiency of the cloud seeding system 30. This distributed approach to weather monitoring allows for real-time assessment of atmospheric conditions at multiple locations, enabling more informed and precise decision-making in cloud seeding operations. By continuously gathering and analyzing meteorological data from different points within the operational area, the system 30 can more accurately identify ideal seeding opportunities, predict the movement and development of cloud formations more effectively, and adjust seeding strategies accordingly.This capability leads to improved cloud cell targeting, potentially increasing the success rate of seeding operations and optimizing the use of seeding agents across the entire network of aerial devices. The weather monitoring units at each of the 40 base stations also contribute to operational safety by providing early warnings of potentially hazardous weather conditions specific to their locations, allowing for timely adjustments to aerial device deployment and flight paths. Furthermore, the integration of these units within each of the 40 base stations facilitates a more comprehensive correlation of seeding activities with meteorological patterns observed across the entire operational area, enabling a more accurate assessment of seeding effectiveness and long-term refinement of seeding techniques.This distributed network of weather monitoring units creates a robust and redundant system for collecting atmospheric data, ensuring continuous operation even if one or more units experience technical problems. The data collected by all 40 base stations can be aggregated and analyzed at the main station, providing a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of atmospheric conditions throughout the entire cloud seeding operation. This holistic approach represents a significant advancement in the field of weather modification, potentially leading to more reliable, efficient, and scientifically sound cloud seeding practices. In one embodiment, the weather monitoring unit at each 40 base station includes a radar, such as a high-definition radar.This distributed network of high-definition radars offers significant technical advantages that further enhance the capabilities of the System 30 cloud seeding system. By utilizing advanced radar technology at multiple locations, System 30 has access to highly detailed and accurate atmospheric data over a wider area. This high-resolution information enables precise identification and tracking of cloud formations, including their internal structure and moisture content, from various angles and perspectives. The improved spatial and temporal resolution of radar data from multiple sources allows System 30 to detect subtle changes in atmospheric conditions that can be crucial to the success of cloud seeding operations, even in areas that might be obscured from a single radar location.This level of detail supports more targeted and effective cloud seeding strategies, as System 30 can more accurately identify optimal injection points within cloud cells and from multiple viewpoints. The high-definition radar network also enhances System 30's ability to monitor the development and movement of seeded clouds across the entire operational area, providing valuable feedback on the effectiveness of seeding operations in near real-time. This capability allows for dynamic adjustments to seeding strategies during ongoing missions, potentially increasing the overall success rate of cloud modification efforts.

[0183] System 30 also includes a main station 50, which is configured to send seeding instructions to the aerial devices. The main station 50 includes a communication interface, which is configured to transmit seeding instructions to the aerial devices via the communication unit 20 and to receive status updates from the aerial devices. This configuration enables real-time, bidirectional communication between the main station 50 and the aerial devices, providing several important advantages such as:

[0184] - Effective mission control: The main station 50 can dynamically adjust seeding instructions based on changing atmospheric conditions or mission priorities, enabling adaptive and reactive cloud seeding operations;

[0185] - Enhanced situational awareness: By receiving status updates from aerial devices, the main station 50 maintains a comprehensive overview of the entire operation, including the locations of the 10 aerial devices, seeding agent levels, and environmental data;

[0186] - Enhanced safety: The communication interface allows the immediate transmission of safety-critical information, such as weather warnings or airspace restrictions, to aerial devices;

[0187] - Optimized resource management: the main station 50 can monitor the status of each aerial device, including battery levels and seeding agent supply, to coordinate the rotations of the aerial devices 10 and ensure continuous coverage of the target area;

[0188] - data collection and analysis: the communication interface facilitates real-time data collection from multiple aerial devices, allowing the main station 50 to perform on-the-fly analysis and adjust seeding strategies for maximum efficiency;

[0189] - Remote troubleshooting: In the event of a malfunction of the aerial device 10 or unexpected behavior, the main station 50 can receive detailed status reports and potentially issue corrective commands, minimizing mission disruptions; and

[0190] - Coordination of multi-device operations: Two-way communication allows the main station 50 to orchestrate complex seeding patterns involving multiple aerial devices, maximizing coverage and efficiency of the cloud seeding operation.

[0191] The main station 50 also includes a meteorological monitoring unit 32 similar to that previously described in the context of the base stations 40. The main station 50 is further configured to simultaneously coordinate the operations of multiple aerial devices, with this coordination including the assignment of specific target areas to each aerial device and the management of their flight paths to optimize cloud seeding coverage. The ability of the main station 50 to simultaneously coordinate multiple aerial devices enables a highly efficient and comprehensive approach to cloud seeding operations. By assigning specific target areas to each aerial device, the system 30 can achieve optimal coverage of the entire seeding region, ensuring that no potential seeding opportunities are missed.This coordinated approach allows for a more strategic and systematic treatment of cloud formations, potentially increasing the overall effectiveness of cloud seeding operations. Real-time flight path management for multiple aerial devices (10) optimizes cloud seeding coverage by enabling the system (30) to dynamically adapt to changing atmospheric conditions. This flexibility allows aerial devices to respond quickly to emerging cloud formations or changing weather patterns, maximizing the chances of successful seeding interventions. Coordinated flight path management also minimizes the risk of collisions between devices or overlapping coverage areas, improving both safety and operational efficiency. Furthermore, this centralized coordination capability allows for more efficient use of resources.By optimizing the distribution of aerial devices across the target area, System 30 can minimize unnecessary fuel consumption and reduce wear and tear on aerial devices. This can lead to extended operational lifespans for aerial devices and overall lower maintenance costs. The simultaneous coordination of multiple aerial devices also enables the implementation of complex seeding strategies that might not be possible with individual device operations. For example, System 30 could orchestrate synchronized seeding of different parts of a large cloud system or implement staged seeding approaches that simultaneously target different cloud altitudes or characteristics. Furthermore, this coordinated approach facilitates the collection of comprehensive data across the entire operational area.By simultaneously managing several aerial devices 10, the main station 50 can gather a more complete picture of atmospheric conditions and seeding effects, potentially leading to a better understanding of cloud dynamics and refinement of seeding techniques over time.

[0192] In one embodiment, the system 30 further includes a landing unit 60 for guiding the aerial devices to the ground stations. The landing unit 60 comprises a transmitter 62 mounted on a structure at each ground station and positioned at the center of a landing zone, and a three-dimensional (3D) interferometer 64 mounted on each aerial device 10 and configured to detect signals from the transmitter 62. By integrating a transmitter 62 at each ground station and a 3D interferometer 64 on each aerial device, the system 30 achieves precise and controlled landings, even in challenging weather conditions. This advanced landing capability ensures the safe return of the aerial devices, which is essential for equipment longevity and operational profitability.The centralized positioning of transmitter 62 at each landing zone enables consistent and precise orientation, while the ability of the 3D interferometer 64 to detect signals from transmitter 62 allows aerial devices to make real-time adjustments during their descent. This precision landing unit 60 reduces the risk of damage to aerial devices upon return, potentially extending their operational lifespan and minimizing maintenance requirements. Transmitter 62 is configured to transmit signals in the GHz frequency range. Configuring transmitter 62 to transmit signals in the GHz frequency range offers several significant technical advantages for the cloud seeding system's landing capabilities.GHz frequencies offer a high degree of accuracy and resolution, which is essential for the precise positioning and guidance of aerial devices during their descent. This high-frequency operation enables more detailed and faster communication between the transmitter 62 and the 3D interferometer 64, allowing for real-time adjustments to the landing trajectory with minimal latency. The use of GHz signals also provides better penetration through various atmospheric conditions, including rain, fog, or light cloud cover, which may be present during landing operations. This improved signal reliability ensures that the landing unit 60 remains effective even in challenging weather scenarios, thereby enhancing the overall safety and efficiency of cloud seeding operations.Furthermore, the compact wavelength of the GHz signals allows for smaller antenna designs on the transmitter and airborne devices, contributing to a lighter and more aerodynamic system without compromising performance. This frequency range also offers a good balance between signal range and power consumption, optimizing the energy efficiency of the landing unit while maintaining effective coverage of the landing area. The 3D interferometer includes both an ambiguous and an unambiguous grating, configured to precisely define an elevation angle for landing. The use of both an ambiguous and an unambiguous grating in the 3D interferometer provides significant technical advantages for the cloud seeding system's landing capabilities.This dual-array configuration enables highly accurate determination of the landing angle of elevation, which is essential for precise and safe landings of aerial devices. The ambiguous array offers high accuracy but with multiple possible solutions, while the unambiguous array provides a complete solution but with lower accuracy. By combining these arrays, the System 30 can leverage the strengths of each to obtain unambiguous and highly accurate elevation angle measurements. This approach allows for precise, real-time positioning of the aerial device relative to the landing zone, even in challenging weather conditions or when GPS signals may be unreliable. The improved accuracy in determining the elevation angle contributes to smoother descent profiles, reducing the risk of hard landings or collisions with ground obstacles.Furthermore, this sophisticated interferometry technique can operate effectively in various weather conditions, ensuring consistent landing performance across a wide range of operational scenarios. The integration of this advanced 60-unit landing system enhances the overall reliability and efficiency of cloud seeding operations, enabling more frequent and precise missions while minimizing downtime and maintenance requirements for aerial devices.

[0193] In a preferred embodiment, transmitter 62 is configured to transmit signals at multiple frequencies, with these multiple frequencies used to determine the orientation of the ground station. Configuring transmitter 62 to transmit signals at multiple frequencies to determine the ground station's orientation offers several significant technical effects and advantages for the cloud seeding system 30. By using multiple frequencies, the system 30 can accurately determine not only the position but also the orientation of the ground station relative to the approaching aircraft. This enhanced spatial awareness enables more precise and adaptable landing approaches, particularly in situations where the ground station may be positioned on uneven terrain or in areas with potential obstructions.The use of multiple frequencies also increases the robustness and reliability of the Landing Unit 60. Different frequencies can have different propagation characteristics through varying atmospheric conditions, allowing the system to maintain accurate orientation data even when certain frequency bands may be affected by weather phenomena such as rain or fog. This redundancy in frequency usage improves the overall reliability of the Landing Unit 60, ensuring consistent performance across a wide range of environmental conditions. Furthermore, the ability to determine the orientation of the ground station enables aerial devices to approach the landing zone at optimal angles, taking into account factors such as wind direction and potential obstacles.This capability can lead to smoother and more efficient landings, reducing stress on aerial devices and potentially extending their operational lifespan. The System 30 can also adapt to changes in ground station orientation due to environmental factors or intentional repositioning, maintaining landing accuracy without requiring manual recalibration.

[0194] The invention also relates to a cloud seeding method implemented by the aerial device 10 as described above, the method comprising:

[0195] - the receipt of a seeding instruction, seeding instructions come from a main station 50; - the receipt of meteorological data, meteorological data come from at least one meteorological monitoring unit 32;

[0196] - the measurement of at least one physical quantity representative of the surrounding atmosphere using the measuring sensor 18;

[0197] - the analysis by control module 16 of at least one measured physical quantity;

[0198] - the autonomous adaptation by the control module 16 of the operation of the aerial device, and in particular of a diffuser 15, according to the analysis performed; and

[0199] - the dispersion of active particles inside or near cloud cells by the diffuser 15 of the aerial devices.

[0200] In one embodiment, several aerial devices 10 implement the process simultaneously and form a network. This process comprises several steps performed by each aerial device in the network, including the reception of a single or shared seeding instruction (shared between several aerial devices 10) and meteorological data. Each aerial device 10 also measures physical quantities representative of the atmosphere, transmits these measurements to the other aerial devices 10, analyzes the received and measured data, autonomously adapts the operation of the aerial device 10 and its diffuser 15, and finally, performs the coordinated dispersion of active particles within cloud cells. Such a process enables a collaborative and adaptive approach to cloud seeding, where each device contributes to a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric conditions.Information exchange between the 10 aerial devices enables more efficient coordination and optimized coverage of target areas. The autonomous adaptation of each aerial device's operation based on the analysis of collected data allows for a real-time response to changing conditions, thus improving seeding efficiency. The coordinated dispersion of active particles enables more precise and potentially more effective intervention on targeted cloud cells. In short, this process aims to improve the efficiency, precision, and adaptability of cloud seeding operations compared to traditional methods.

[0201] According to a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises:

[0202] - the detection, by the control module 16 of each aerial device, of supercooling zones based on the physical quantities measured and / or received;

[0203] - the determination, by control module 16, that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a detected supercooling zone; and in response to the determination that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a supercooling zone, the execution, by the aerial device in charge of seeding this cloud cell, of a flight with a hyperbolic trajectory.

[0204] Such a process allows for more efficient targeting of regions suitable for cloud seeding. This can significantly improve the overall efficiency of the seeding process, as well as a dynamic adaptation of the flight strategy based on detected atmospheric conditions. This enables a more flexible and responsive approach to cloud seeding, capable of adjusting in real time to changing conditions. Such a setup also reduces the risks associated with icing of the aircraft. By adopting a hyperbolic flight path in supercooled areas, the aircraft can minimize its prolonged exposure to conditions conducive to icing, thus increasing its operational safety and lifespan. A hyperbolic trajectory also allows for better penetration and distribution of seeding agents in these critical areas, potentially improving seeding efficiency.

[0205] The various non-incompatible aspects defined above can be combined.

[0206] This disclosure relates to a networked drone system for cloud seeding operations, which has potential industrial applications in weather modification and atmospheric science. The disclosed system and methods can be used in various industries where weather modification is desired, such as agriculture, water resource management, and disaster mitigation.

[0207] For example, in agriculture, the disclosed System 30 can be used to increase rainfall in drought-prone areas, thereby improving crop yields and reducing the risk of crop failure. In water resource management, System 30 can be used to improve water supply to reservoirs and watersheds, contributing to more reliable and sustainable water resources. In disaster mitigation, System 30 can be used to mitigate the effects of severe weather events such as hailstorms, potentially reducing damage to property and infrastructure.

[0208] System 30 and the disclosed methods are not limited to these application examples but may be useful in any application where it is desired to modify weather patterns or atmospheric conditions. Although particular embodiments and applications of this disclosure have been illustrated and described, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the precise construction and compositions disclosed herein, and that various modifications, changes, and variations may be apparent from the preceding descriptions without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the accompanying claims.

[0209] Although exemplary embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be understood by those competent in the art that various changes, omissions, and / or additions may be made, and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Furthermore, numerous modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from its scope. Therefore, it is anticipated that the invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed for the implementation of this invention, but that the invention will encompass all embodiments falling within the scope of the attached claims. Moreover, unless specifically stated, any use of the terms "first," "second," etc., does not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms "first," "second," etc.are used to distinguish one element from another.

Claims

56 DEMANDS 1. System (30) for cloud seeding, system (30) comprising: - a plurality of aerial devices (10), each configured to fly autonomously, perform cloud seeding operations, and comprising: o a payload (14) carried by the aerial device (10) and comprising a diffuser (15), the diffuser (15) being configured to disperse active particles within or near cloud cells present in an atmosphere to ensure their seeding; o a measuring sensor (18) configured to measure a physical quantity representative of the atmosphere around the aerial device (10); o a control module (16) configured to control the operation of the aerial device (10), and in particular the diffuser (15), as a function of the physical quantity measured by the measuring sensor (18); and - a plurality of base stations (40), each of the base stations (40) being configured to launch and receive at least one aerial device; and - a main station (50) configured to send seeding instructions to aerial devices.

2. System (30) according to claim 1, wherein each aerial device (10) comprises a geopositioning information module (22) coupled to the control module (16), the geopositioning information module (22) being configured to determine geopositioning information for the aerial device (10), and wherein the control module 57 (16) is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device (10) and in particular the diffuser (15) according to the geopositioning information.

3. System (30) according to claim 2, wherein the control module (16) is further configured to ensure the automated return of the aerial device (10) to its takeoff point or to a predetermined landing site using geo-positioning information.

4. System (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein each aerial device (10) comprises a communication unit (20) configured to receive an action report from another aerial device and / or transmit an action report, and wherein the control module (16) is configured to adapt the operation of the aerial device and in particular the diffuser (15) according to the transmitted action report.

5. System (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the measuring sensor (18) of each aerial device (10) comprises at least one of the following elements: - a temperature sensor configured to measure ambient temperature; - a pressure sensor configured to measure atmospheric pressure; - a humidity sensor configured to measure relative humidity; - an air velocity sensor configured to measure the airflow velocity around the aerial device; and - a particle sensor configured to detect and measure particle concentrations in the atmosphere. 58 6. System (30) according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the diffuser (15) of each aerial device (10) comprises a pyrotechnic torch that can be electrically activated.

7. System (30) according to claim 6, wherein each of the base stations (40) comprises a maintenance unit (42), the maintenance unit (42) being configured to recharge energy and / or fill the payload (14) of the aerial devices between missions.

8. System (30) according to any one of claims 6 or 7, wherein each of the base stations (40) comprises a receiving area (44), the receiving area (44) being configured to safely receive aerial devices upon their return.

9. System (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the main station (50) comprises a weather monitoring unit (32), said weather monitoring unit (32) being configured to collect and analyze meteorological data.

10. System (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein at least one base station (40) comprises a weather monitoring unit (32), said weather monitoring unit (32) being configured to collect and analyze meteorological data.

11. System (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the main station (50) is further configured to simultaneously coordinate the operations of several aerial devices, the coordination including the allocation of specific target areas to each aerial device and the management of their flight paths to optimize cloud seeding coverage. 59 12. A cloud seeding system (30) according to any one of claims 6 to 11, the system (30) further comprising a landing unit (60) for guiding the aerial devices to the ground stations, the landing unit comprising: - a transmitter (62) mounted on a structure at each ground station and positioned in the center of a landing zone; and - a three-dimensional (3D) interferometer (64) mounted on each aerial device and configured to detect signals from the transmitter (62).

13. Cloud seeding method implemented by the system (30) according to claim 1, the method comprising the following steps carried out by each aerial device (10): - the receipt of a sowing instruction; - the reception of meteorological data; - the measurement of at least one physical quantity representative of the surrounding atmosphere using the measuring sensor (18); - the analysis by the control module (16) of at least one measured physical quantity; - the autonomous adaptation by the control module (16) of the operation of the aerial device and in particular of a diffuser (15) according to the analysis performed; and - the dispersion of active particles within cloud cells by the diffuser (15) of the aerial devices (10).

14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the method further comprises: the detection, by the control module (16), of supercooling zones on the basis of the measured physical quantities; 60 - the determination, by the control module (16), that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a detected supercooling zone; and - in response to the determination that a cloud cell to be seeded is located in a supercooled zone, the execution, by aerial device (10), of a flight with a hyperbolic trajectory.

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