Co2 separation element and co2 separation system

Abstract

A CO2 separation element (20) comprises: a CO2 separation membrane (22) provided between an in-element air passage (116) and an out-element air passage (117); and a plurality of spacing-maintaining members (11) provided on one surface of the CO2 separation membrane (22). The CO2 separation membrane (22) is provided with: a CO2 separation layer (60) that selectively transmits CO2; a first porous layer (61a) and a second porous layer (61b) that are provided on the obverse surface and the reverse surface of the CO2 separation layer (60); and a sealing material (64) that suppresses the inflow and outflow of air through the porous layers. The CO2 separation membrane (22) and the spacing-maintaining members (11) are alternately stacked, and the first porous layer (61a) supports the CO2 separation layer (60).

Description

CO₂ Separation Element and CO₂ Separation System

[0001] This disclosure relates to a CO ２ separation element and a CO ２ separation system.

[0002] In recent years, the development of technologies for selectively separating carbon dioxide (CO ２ ) in mixed gases or the atmosphere has been progressing. These are used for the recovery of CO ２ in exhaust gases or for reducing the concentration of CO ２ contained in the air in a closed target space, etc.

[0003] For example, a CO ２ separation system for reducing the concentration of CO ２ contained in the air in a closed target space is known (Patent Document 1). The CO ２ separation system has a module (CO ２ separation element) that preferentially separates CO ２ . When air from the target space is supplied to the CO ２ separation system, the CO ２ contained in the air is preferentially separated and released within the module, so that the air with reduced CO ２ remains. The CO ２ separation system can reduce the concentration of CO ２ in the target space by returning this remaining air to the target space.

[0004] Also, conventionally, a hollow fiber type has been known as a CO ２ separation element (for example, Patent Document 2).

[0005] Japanese Patent Application No. 2004 - 564186, Patent No. 6707169

[0006] In such a conventional hollow fiber type CO ２ separation element, due to reasons such as a large pressure loss in the air passage, the air volume that can be passed through the CO ２ separation element is small, and the CO ２ separation amount per unit area of the CO ２ separation element is small.

[0007] On the other hand, stacked CO ２ The isolation element reduces the pressure loss in the airflow path, unlike other methods (for example, hollow fiber type CO2). ２ Because it is smaller compared to the isolation element, CO2 can be used with a large airflow. ２ A separation element can be used. In other words, a multilayer CO2 ２ The isolation element is CO2 per unit area ２ The amount of separation is large.

[0008] However, stacked CO ２ In the isolation element, CO2 is stacked with a predetermined gap (air passage) between them. ２ There are concerns that the separation layer may flex, potentially blocking the airflow path. In other words, there are concerns about increased pressure loss.

[0009] This disclosure describes a CO2 design that reduces pressure loss by creating a configuration that prevents the airflow from becoming blocked. ２ Separation and CO ２ We provide a separation system.

[0010] CO ２ The separation element is a CO2 separator placed between the first airflow path and the second airflow path. ２ Separation membrane and CO ２ It comprises a plurality of spacing-maintaining members provided on one surface of the separation membrane. ２ The separation membrane is CO ２ CO selectively transmits ２ Separation layer and CO ２ It comprises a porous layer that supports the separation layer, thereby achieving the intended purpose.

[0011] According to this disclosure, CO2 can reduce pressure loss. ２ Separation and CO ２ We can provide a separation system.

[0012] Figure 1 shows CO ２ This diagram shows an overview of the separation system. Figure 2A shows the CO2 in Figure 1. ２ This is a diagram illustrating the isolation element. Figure 2B shows the CO2 in Figure 1. ２ This is a diagram showing the outline of the isolation element. Figure 3 shows the CO2 in Figure 1. ２ This is a diagram showing the configuration of the isolation element. Figure 4A is the CO2 in Figure 1. ２This figure shows the effect of the sealing material in the isolation element. Figure 4B shows the CO2 in Figure 1. ２ This figure shows the effect of the sealing material in the isolation element. Figure 5 shows the CO2 according to Embodiment 2. ２ This is a diagram of the separation element. Figure 6 shows the CO2 separator according to Embodiment 3. ２ This is a diagram of the isolation element.

[0013] Hereinafter, embodiments for implementing this disclosure will be described with reference to the attached drawings. Each embodiment described below is a preferred specific example of this disclosure. Therefore, the numerical values, shapes, materials, and components shown in each embodiment below, as well as the arrangement and connection configurations of the components, are examples and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Accordingly, among the components in each embodiment below, those components that are not described in the independent claim representing the highest-level concept of this disclosure will be described as arbitrary components. In addition, substantially identical components are denoted by the same reference numerals in each figure, and redundant explanations are omitted or simplified.

[0014] (Embodiment 1) First, the CO according to Embodiment 1 of the present disclosure ２ Separation element 20 with CO ２ The schematic configuration of separation system 1 will be explained with reference to Figure 1. Figure 1 shows CO ２ This is a diagram illustrating the layout of separation system 1. ２ The separation system 1 is installed indoors in a building such as a house, and separates the target gas (for example, carbon dioxide (CO2)) from the air 39a in the target space 2 indoors. ２ This system separates (and other substances) and releases them outdoors.

[0015] CO ２ Separation system 1 consists of a housing 10 and CO ２ Separation element 20, internal air passage 16, external air passage 17, internal fan 31, internal filter 37, external fan 41, external filter 47, control unit 5, and CO ２ Includes a detection unit 8.

[0016] The enclosure 10 is CO ２This is a roughly box-shaped component that forms the outer casing of the separation system 1. The internal air passage 16 and the external air passage 17 are formed independently, dividing the internal space formed inside this housing 10. In addition, an internal air inlet 33, an air supply inlet 35, an external air inlet 43, and an exhaust inlet 45 are arranged on the outer periphery of the housing 10. The internal air inlet 33 and the air supply inlet 35 are arranged on the outer periphery of the housing 10 so as to be connected to the internal air passage 16, and the external air inlet 43 and the exhaust inlet 45 are arranged on the outer periphery of the housing 10 so as to be connected to the external air passage 17. The internal air passage 16 is an air passage formed inside the housing 10. The internal air passage 16 is used to remove CO2 indoors. ２ Air 39a from the target space 2, which is the target of CO removal, is introduced and circulated, and CO is removed from the air 39a. ２ Due to the separation function of the separation element 20, CO ２ This is an air passage that recirculates air 39b, whose concentration is lower than that of air 39a, back into the target space 2. In the following explanation, air 39a and air 39b will be collectively referred to as "internal air."

[0017] The inner air inlet 33 takes the air 39a from the target space 2 as the inner air and CO ２ This is the intake port that draws air into the internal air passage 16 of the separation system 1. The internal air introduction duct 52 and the internal air passage 16 are connected via the internal air port 33.

[0018] The indoor intake port 51 is an opening provided in the indoor target space 2, and it draws in the air 39a of the target space 2 as RA (Return Air).

[0019] The indoor air intake duct 52 is a duct that guides the air 39a from the target space 2, which is drawn in from the indoor intake port 51, to the indoor air outlet 33. One end of the indoor air intake duct 52 is connected to the indoor intake port 51, and the air 39a from the target space 2 flows into the indoor air intake duct 52 as RA. The other end of the indoor air intake duct 52 is connected to the indoor air outlet 33, and the RA flows into the indoor air passage 16. In other words, the indoor air intake duct 52 introduces the air 39a from the target space 2 indoors into the indoor air passage 16 as indoor air and circulates it.

[0020] The air intake 35 is CO ２ CO ２ Air 39b, which is indoor air with a lower CO concentration than air 39a, is used to convert CO2 into air 39b.２ This is the discharge port from the separation system 1. In other words, the internal air passage 16 and the internal air discharge duct 54 are connected via the air intake port 35.

[0021] The indoor air outlet 53 is an opening provided in the indoor target space 2, CO ２ Air 39b, whose concentration is lower than that of air 39a, is supplied to the target space 2 as SA (Supply Air).

[0022] The interior air outlet duct 54 is CO ２ This is a duct that guides the air 39b blown out from the separation system 1 to the indoor air outlet 53. One end of the indoor air outlet duct 54 is connected to the air supply port 35, CO ２ CO ２ The reduced-concentration air 39b flows into the internal air outlet duct 54. The other end of the internal air outlet duct 54 is connected to the indoor outlet 53, which supplies the air 39b in the internal air outlet duct 54 to the target space 2 as SA. In other words, the internal air outlet duct 54 recirculates the air 39b back into the target space 2.

[0023] The outside air passage 17 allows outdoor air 49a to be introduced and circulated, and CO2 is applied to the air 49a. ２ Due to the separation function of the separation element 20, CO ２ This is an air duct that releases air 49b, whose concentration has risen above that of air 49a, to the outside. In the following explanation, air 49a and air 49b will be collectively referred to as "outside air".

[0024] The outside air inlet 43 takes the outside air 49a as outside air and CO ２ This is the intake port for drawing air into the outside air passage 17 of the separation system 1. The outside air passage 17 and the outside air introduction duct 56 are connected via the outside air port 43.

[0025] The outdoor intake port 55 is an opening in the exterior wall of the building, and draws in outdoor air 49a as OA (Outside Air) into the outdoor air intake duct 56.

[0026] The outside air intake duct 56 is a duct that guides the air 49a drawn in from the outdoor intake port 55 to the outside air port 43. One end of the outside air intake duct 56 is connected to the outdoor intake port 55, and the air 49a from outside flows into the outside air intake duct 56 as outside air (OA). The other end of the outside air intake duct 56 is connected to the outside air port 43, and the OA flows into the outside air passage 17. In other words, the outside air intake duct 56 introduces the outdoor air 49a as outside air into the outside air passage 17 and circulates it.

[0027] The exhaust port 45 is CO ２ The separation element 20 separates CO from the interior air. ２ By receiving CO ２ The outside air 49b, whose CO2 concentration has risen above that of air 49a, is treated as CO2. ２ This is the discharge port from the separation system 1. The outside air passage 17 and the outside air discharge duct 58 are connected via the exhaust port 45.

[0028] The outdoor air outlet 57 is an opening provided in the exterior wall of the building, CO ２ Air 49b, whose concentration has risen above that of air 49a, is discharged outdoors as EA (Exhaust Air).

[0029] The outside air outlet duct 58 is CO ２ This is a duct that guides the air 49b blown out from the separation system 1 to the outdoor outlet 57. One end of the outdoor air outlet duct 58 is connected to the exhaust port 45, CO ２ CO ２ The air 49b, whose concentration has increased, flows into the outside air outlet duct 58. The other end of the outside air outlet duct 58 is connected to the outdoor outlet 57, and the air 49b inside the outside air outlet duct 58 is discharged outdoors as EA. In other words, the outside air outlet duct 58 releases the air 49b outdoors.

[0030] The internal air intake duct 52, internal air outlet duct 54, and internal air passage 16 are sometimes collectively referred to as the "internal air passage." Similarly, the external air intake duct 56, external air outlet duct 58, and external air passage 17 are sometimes collectively referred to as the "external air passage."

[0031] CO ２The separation element 20 is installed inside the housing 10, spanning the internal air passage 16 and the external air passage 17, and filters CO2 from the air 39a flowing through the internal air passage 16. ２ The separated CO2 is then distributed to the air 49a flowing through the outside air passage 17. ２ It is an element that emits CO. ２ Details of the separation element 20 will be described later.

[0032] The internal fan 31, in the internal air passage 16, for example, CO ２ It is attached downstream of the separation element 20. The internal air fan 31 is a blower that blows internal air in the internal air passage 16 by drawing in internal air from the target space 2 through the internal air port 33 and discharging it back into the target space 2 through the air supply port 35.

[0033] By driving the internal fan 31, the internal air drawn in from the target space 2 through the internal air inlet 33 passes through the internal air filter 37 and CO2 ２ The air is blown to the separation element 20 and then discharged into the target space 2 via the air intake port 35.

[0034] Furthermore, the internal fan 31 is CO ２ It may be installed upstream of the separation element 20, and further downstream of the internal air filter 37 and CO ２ It may be attached to the upstream side of the separation element 20.

[0035] The internal air filter 37 removes dust and dirt from the internal air flowing into the housing 10, and the purified air 39a is converted to CO2. ２ This is a filter supplied to the separation element 20. The internal air filter 37 is, for example, a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air) filter.

[0036] The outside air fan 41 is attached to the outside air passage 17 and is a blower that blows outside air in the outside air passage 17 by drawing in outside air from outside through the outside air port 43 and discharging it outside through the exhaust port 45.

[0037] By driving the outside air fan 41, the outside air drawn in from outside through the outside air vent 43 passes through the outside air filter 47 and CO2 ２It is sent to the separation element 20 and further discharged outdoors through the exhaust port 45.

[0038] The outside air fan 41 is, for example, CO ２ On the upstream side of the separation element 20, preferably on the downstream side of the outside air filter 47 and CO ２ It is attached to the upstream side of the separation element 20. By arranging it in this way, the outside air can be heated by the heat generated by the operation of the outside air fan 41, and when the outside air is at a lower temperature than the inside air, the heat loss due to the heat exchange between the outside air and the inside air is reduced. However, the outside air fan 41 may be attached to the downstream side of the CO ２ separation element 20.

[0039] The outside air filter 47 removes dust and dirt from the outside air flowing into the housing 10 and supplies the purified air 49a to the CO ２ separation element 20. For example, a HEPA filter or the like is used.

[0040] CO ２ The detection unit 8 is attached to the internal air introduction duct 52 and detects the concentration of CO in the air 39a flowing through the internal air introduction duct 52. ２ The air 39a flowing through the internal air introduction duct 52 is the air taken in from the target space 2. Therefore, the CO ２ concentration detected by the detection unit 8 ２ of CO corresponds to the CO ２ concentration in the target space 2.

[0041] CO ２ The information on the CO concentration in the target space 2 detected by the detection unit 8 ２ is transmitted to the control unit 5. Note that the CO ２ detection unit 8 may be directly attached to the target space 2 to detect the CO ２ concentration in the target space 2 and transmit the detected CO ２ concentration in the target space 2 to the control unit 5.

[0042] The control unit 5 controls the internal air fan 31 and the outside air fan 41. Specifically, the control unit 5, based on the CO ２ concentration in the target space 2 detected by the detection unit 8 ２ controls the CO based on that concentration.２ CO2 in the air of target space 2, which has a concentration ２ CO ２ CO of the separation element 20 ２ The separation efficiency is determined. The control unit 5 determines the CO ２ The control unit 5 determines the airflow rate of the internal fan 31 (internal airflow rate) and the airflow rate of the external fan 41 (external airflow rate) to achieve separation efficiency. The control unit 5 then controls the internal fan 31 to achieve the determined internal airflow rate and the external fan 41 to achieve the determined external airflow rate.

[0043] Next, CO ２ CO2 by separation element 20 ２ The separation of CO is outlined below. Figures 2A and 2B show CO ２ This figure shows an overview of the separation element 20. Figure 2A shows CO ２ This is a cross-sectional view showing a simplified configuration of the isolation element 20. In Figure 2A, the element's internal air passage 116, through which internal air (white arrow in Figure 2A) flows from left to right, and the element's external air passage 117, through which external air (black arrow in Figure 2A) flows from left to right, are arranged to overlap vertically. CO is also present between the element's internal air passage 116 and the element's external air passage 117. ２ A separation membrane 22 is placed. The internal air introduced into the internal air passage 116 of the element contains carbon dioxide 18 (CO2). ２ ) and nitrogen-19 (N ２ ) is mixed in. Actual air contains oxygen (O ２ Although other substances such as ) are also mixed in, here we will use oxygen (O) to make the explanation clearer. ２ (These are omitted.)

[0044] The internal air passes through the element's internal air passage 116, CO ２ When flowing along the separation membrane 22, CO ２ The separation membrane 22 selectively allows carbon dioxide 18 from the internal air to pass through, and discharges the carbon dioxide 18 into the outside air through the element's external air passage 117. As a result, the concentration of carbon dioxide 18 in the internal air decreases, while the concentration of carbon dioxide 18 in the outside air increases.

[0045] The element internal air passage 116 is part of the internal air passage 16. More specifically, the element internal air passage 116 is part of the internal air passage 16, CO２ This is an air passage that guides internal air within the separation element 20. The element's internal air passage 116 is also called the "first air passage".

[0046] The element outside air passage 117 is part of the outside air passage 17. More specifically, the element outside air passage 117 is part of the outside air passage 17, CO ２ This is an air passage within the isolation element 20 that guides outside air. The element's outside air passage 117 is also called the "second air passage".

[0047] Figure 2B shows how to perform the separation of carbon dioxide 18 more efficiently than in Figure 2A. ２ The configuration of the separation element 20 is shown. As shown in Figure 2B, the CO2 according to Embodiment 1 ２ The isolation element 20 has an internal air passage 116 and an external air passage 117, and CO ２ Multiple separation membranes 22 may be provided. From Figure 2B, CO ２ The isolation element 20 comprises a first internal air passage 116a, a second internal air passage 116b, and a third internal air passage 116c, collectively referred to as the element internal air passage 116 (first air passage), and a first external air passage 117a, a second external air passage 117b, and a third external air passage 117c, collectively referred to as the element external air passage 117 (second air passage), and CO ２ The first CO2, collectively referred to as the separation membrane 22 ２ Separation membrane 22a, second CO ２ Separation membrane 22b, third CO ２ Separation membrane 22c, fourth CO ２ Separation membrane 22d, fifth CO ２ It includes a separation membrane 22e. Here, the number of internal air passages 116 and external air passages 117 of the element is not limited to "3", CO ２ The number of separation membranes 22 is not limited to "5". From top to bottom, the first outside air passage 117a, the first inside air passage 116a, the second outside air passage 117b, the second inside air passage 116b, the third outside air passage 117c, and the third inside air passage 116c are arranged in that order. In addition, the first CO is located between the first outside air passage 117a and the first inside air passage 116a. ２ A separation membrane 22a is positioned, and a second CO2 is present between the first internal air passage 116a and the second external air passage 117b. ２ A separation membrane 22b is positioned, and between the second outside air passage 117b and the second inside air passage 116b, third CO ２A separation membrane 22c is positioned. Between the second internal air passage 116b and the third external air passage 117c is the fourth CO ２ A separation membrane 22d is positioned, and between the third outside air passage 117c and the third inside air passage 116c, the fifth CO ２ A separation membrane 22e is placed. Similar to Figure 2A, the carbon dioxide 18 in the internal air circulating in the internal air passage 116 of the element is CO ２ The material is selectively permeated through the separation membrane 22 and discharged into the outside air in the element's external air passage 117.

[0048] Therefore, CO ２ The separation element 20 efficiently removes CO ２ To separate the CO, an internal air passage 116 and an external air passage 117 are provided. ２ Multiple separation membranes 22 may be provided. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 2A, there is an internal air passage 116, an external air passage 117, and CO ２ The number of separation membranes 22 and each other may be "1".

[0049] Figure 3 shows CO ２ The configuration of the separation element 20 is shown. Figure 3 shows CO ２ CO2 installed in separation system 1 ２ This is a perspective view showing the laminated structure 6 used as the isolation element 20. In the following description, the stacking direction of the laminated structure 6 will be described as the vertical up-down direction, but the laminated structure 6 shown in Figure 3 is CO ２ This does not necessarily indicate the orientation when mounted on separation system 1.

[0050] The laminated structure 6 is a rectangular CO ２ The separation membrane 22 and the rod-shaped spacing member 11 are alternately stacked in the vertical direction. In other words, the stacked structure 6 is a structure composed of alternating layers of internal air passages 116 and external air passages 117 that intersect with the internal air passages 116. More precisely, the stacked structure 6 is CO ２ The structure, which combines the separation membrane 22 and the spacing member 11, is treated as a single structure, and the spacing members 11 are stacked orthogonally so that they are staggered in each layer. In other words, the internal air passage 116 and the external air passage 117 of the element are formed to be orthogonal when viewed in a plan view in the stacking direction.

[0051] With this configuration, as shown in Figure 2B, an element internal air passage 116 through which internal air passes and an element external air passage 117 through which external air passes are formed alternately, so that the internal and external air flow alternately orthogonally. In other words, the internal and external air flow CO ２ Because CO flows alternately orthogonally in the stacking direction of the separation membrane 22, ２ The separation element 20 transmits CO2 from the internal air side to the external air side. ２ This allows for selective transparency.

[0052] CO ２ The separation membrane 22 has a roughly rectangular shape when viewed in a plan view in the stacking direction. ２ The separation membrane 22 is CO ２ When the internal air and external air flow across the separation membrane 22, CO2 is released from the internal air to the external air. ２ It is a sheet-like component designed to allow CO to pass through. ２ Spacing members 11 are provided above and below the separation membrane 22. ２ A sealing material 64 is provided on the side surface of the separation membrane 22, but the details of the sealing material 64 will be described later.

[0053] CO ２ The separation membrane 22 is CO ２ As a propulsion force to pass through, CO ２ It utilizes the partial pressure difference. ２ The separation membrane 22 is CO ２ High concentration CO2 due to partial pressure difference ２ Low concentration of CO2 in air containing gas ２ CO2 into the air containing gas ２ It allows CO to pass through. Therefore, CO in the treated gas and the sweep gas ２ The concentration relationship is that the treated gas > the sweep gas. In this embodiment, "indoor air" corresponds to the "treated gas," and "outdoor air" corresponds to the "sweep gas."

[0054] The spacing member 11 is a rod-shaped member that maintains the airflow shape of the internal airflow passage 116 and the external airflow passage 117 of the element. In other words, the spacing member 11 forms the first airflow passage and the second airflow passage. The spacing member 11 is in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction, i.e., CO ２It extends in a direction along the surface of the separation membrane 22. The height dimension of the spacing member 11 becomes the height dimension of the element internal air passage 116 or the element external air passage 117. The smaller the height dimension of the spacing member 11, the smaller the volume of the laminated structure 6 becomes, but the pressure loss in the element internal air passage 116 and the element external air passage 117 increases, so the height dimension of the spacing member 11 is preferably about 1 mm. In addition, the element internal air passage 116 and the element external air passage 117 become straight air passages with low pressure loss because the spacing member 11 has a straight shape. The spacing member 11 is in a direction perpendicular to the lamination direction, i.e., CO ２ Multiple spacing members 11 are arranged in parallel along the surface of the separation membrane 22 with a predetermined interval D1. Furthermore, the predetermined interval D1 is wider than the width D2 of the spacing member 11 in the same direction. Multiple spacing members 11 are provided with a predetermined interval D1, thus reducing CO ２ Separation membrane 22, CO ２ Deformation of the separation membrane 22 is suppressed. More precisely, in this embodiment, the easily flexible CO ２ The separation layer 60 is supported by the first porous layer 61a, which will be described later, and the first porous layer 61a is further supported by the spacing member 11, thereby CO ２ This prevents the separation layer 60 from bending.

[0055] By using this configuration, ２ The separation membrane 22 can be prevented from bending and blocking the air passage. In other words, pressure loss can be reduced. A more detailed explanation of the spacing member 11 will be given later, along with a detailed explanation of the sealing material 64.

[0056] Figures 4A and 4B schematically illustrate the structure of the laminated structure 6 and the airflow to clearly demonstrate the effect of the sealing material 64. Figure 4A shows the structure without the sealing material 64, and Figure 4B shows the structure with the sealing material 64. Figures 4A and 4B also illustrate the three axes (x, y, and z axes). In the following explanation, the direction indicated by the arrows on each x, y, and z axis may be referred to as the "positive direction," and the direction opposite to the direction indicated by the arrow may be referred to as the "negative direction."

[0057] CO ２ The separation membrane 22 is CO ２CO2 with separation function ２ Separation layer 60 and CO ２ The first porous layer 61a supports the separation layer 60, and CO ２ It is composed of a second porous layer 61b that protects the separation layer 60. ２ A first spacing member 62a is provided on one side of the separation membrane 22, and a second spacing member 62b is provided on the remaining side.

[0058] Multiple first spacing members 62a are provided at predetermined intervals in the x-axis direction in Figures 4A and 4B. In other words, the first spacing members 62a form an element internal air passage 116 by allowing internal air to circulate through the predetermined intervals. The first spacing members 62a have a rectangular shape when viewed in plan in the y-axis direction, but they may also have a semicircular shape, for example.

[0059] Multiple second spacing members 62b are provided at predetermined intervals in the y-axis direction in Figures 4A and 4B. In other words, the second spacing members 62b form an element outside air passage 117 by allowing outside air to circulate through the predetermined intervals. The second spacing members 62b have a rectangular shape when viewed in plan in the x-axis direction, but they may also have a semicircular shape, for example.

[0060] CO ２ The separation layer 60 is CO ２ A layer composed of a material having the ability to selectively transmit CO ２ It is a dried separation solution, but the type does not matter. In other words, CO ２ The separation layer 60 uses a facilitated transport method or a molecular sieve method to separate CO ２ It is a membrane capable of selectively separating [substances].

[0061] The first porous layer 61a is CO ２ CO ２ It is a layer located below the separation layer 60 (in the negative direction of the z-axis) and is made of a porous material that allows for airflow. In other words, the first porous layer 61a is CO ２ Formed on the back surface of the separation layer 60. For example, CO ２ Separation layer 60 is CO ２When the separated solution has been dried, the pore size of the first porous layer 61a is such that the coated CO2 maintains air permeability. ２ The separation solution does not permeate CO ２ The pore size is determined to be such that a separation layer 60 can be formed. The first porous layer 61a is, for example, a porous resin material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a nonwoven fabric. The thickness of the first porous layer 61a in the lamination direction is CO ２ It is thicker than the thickness of the separation layer 60.

[0062] This configuration ensures that the first porous layer 61a is more reliably formed by CO ２ Supporting the separation layer 60, CO ２ It is possible to suppress the deformation (i.e., deflection) of the separation layer 60.

[0063] The second porous layer 61b is CO ２ CO ２ It is a layer provided above the separation layer 60 (in the positive direction of the z axis) and is made of a porous material that allows air to pass through. In other words, the second porous layer 61b is CO ２ Formed on the surface of the separation layer 60. For example, CO ２ The separation layer 60 is CO ２ When the separated solution has been dried, the pore size of the second porous layer 61b is such that CO2 is used while maintaining air permeability. ２ The separation solution does not permeate CO ２ The pore size is determined to be such that the separation layer 60 can be formed. The second porous layer 61b is, for example, a porous resin material such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a nonwoven fabric. The first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b are collectively referred to as the "porous layer".

[0064] The sealing material 64 is CO ２ It is provided on all four sides (side surfaces) of the separation membrane 22. More specifically, the sealing material 64 is CO ２ The side surfaces 101, 102, 103, and 104 of the separation membrane 22 are sealed without any gaps. The sealing material 64 seals at least the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b of each side surface.

[0065] The side surface 101 is one side of the laminated structure 6. More specifically, the side surface 101 is one of the side surfaces of the laminated structure 6 located in the positive x-axis direction (yz plane). The side surface 101 is also the surface from which air 49 is blown.

[0066] The side surface 102 is one side of the laminated structure 6. More specifically, the side surface 102 is one of the side surfaces of the laminated structure 6 located in the negative y-axis direction (xz plane). The side surface 102 is also the surface into which air 39 is drawn.

[0067] The side surface 103 is one side of the laminated structure 6. More specifically, the side surface 103 is one of the side surfaces of the laminated structure 6 located in the negative x-axis direction (yz plane). The side surface 103 is also the surface into which air 49 is drawn.

[0068] The side surface 104 is one side of the laminated structure 6. More specifically, the side surface 104 is one of the side surfaces of the laminated structure 6 located in the positive y-axis direction (xz plane). The side surface 104 is also the surface from which air 39 is blown.

[0069] In the following explanation, when referring to the side surfaces 101 to 104 without making any particular distinction, they will be referred to as "side surfaces."

[0070] Figure 4A shows the airflow when the sealing material 64 is not provided. When the sealing material 64 is not provided, the laminated structure 6 (CO ２ A portion of the air 49 entering the element's external air passage 117 from the inlet (side surface 103) of the separating element 20 (indicated by the dashed arrows branching off from the air 49) passes through the first porous layer 61a or the second porous layer 61b and enters the element's internal air passage 116, where it mixes with the air 39.

[0071] Similarly, some of the air 39 entering the internal air passage 116 of the element (indicated by the dashed arrows branching off from the air 39) passes through the first porous layer 61a or the second porous layer 61b and enters the external air passage 117 of the element, where it mixes with the air 49.

[0072] When air 39 and air 49 are mixed in this way, if outside air is used as the sweep gas, heat exchange occurs between the inside air and the outside air, resulting in thermal loss.

[0073] Therefore, in this embodiment, by providing a sealing material 64 without gaps on the side surfaces of the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b, as shown in Figure 4B, it is possible to suppress the unintentional passage of air 39 or air 49 through the first porous layer 61a or the second porous layer 61b, thereby preventing the mixing of internal and external air.

[0074] The sealing material 64 is an airtight adhesive such as a silicone-based adhesive, and CO ２ The CO2 is applied to each side surface of the separation membrane 22, and then CO2 is applied to the circumferential surface of the membrane 22. ２ The laminated structure 6 is fabricated by alternately stacking the separation membrane 22 and the spacing member 11.

[0075] Furthermore, UV (Ultraviolet) curing resins and thermosetting resins can also be used as the sealing material 64. In this case, CO ２ The separation membrane 22 and the spacing member 11 are stacked alternately, and then the entire side surface is immersed in resin and sealed by post-treatment such as UV irradiation or heating. Since no resin remains at the openings of the internal air passage 116 and the external air passage 117 of the element, the air passages can be formed without any problems.

[0076] Furthermore, a plate-shaped member with an opening only in the air passage portion can also be used as the sealing material 64. Specifically, the sealing material 64 may be a plate-shaped member having the same outer shape as the side surface of the laminated structure 6. More specifically, the sealing material 64 may have an opening in the region of the plate-shaped member that overlaps with the internal air passage 116 (or external air passage 117) of the element when the plate-shaped member is attached to the side surface of the laminated structure 6.

[0077] Also, the spacing member 11 and CO ２ When forming the separation membrane 22 as a single unit, CO ２ Another possible method is to integrally mold the sealing material 64 by covering the side surface of the separation membrane 22 with resin (for example, film insert molding).

[0078] Furthermore, the sealing material 64 is not only on the side surfaces of the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b, but also CO ２ The side surfaces of the separation layer 60 may also be covered.

[0079] Furthermore, the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b may be of the same shape or may be of different shapes.

[0080] (Embodiment 2) Next, Embodiment 2 of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Figure 5. Figure 5 shows the CO2 according to Embodiment 2. ２ This diagram shows the configuration of the separation element 20a. In Embodiment 1, CO ２ While the separation element 20 is rectangular, in Embodiment 2, CO ２ The difference is that the separation element 20a has a hexagonal shape.

[0081] CO ２ The separation element 20a has a hexagonal shape when viewed in a plan view in the stacking direction, CO ２ The device comprises a separation membrane 22k, a first spacing member 62c, and a second spacing member 62d. In this embodiment, CO ２ The isolation element 20a is directed from bottom to top in the stacking direction (towards the positive direction in the z-axis direction), CO ２ Separation membrane 22k, first spacing member 62c, CO ２ The separation membrane 22k and the second spacing member 62d are formed by repeatedly stacking them in sequence.

[0082] CO ２ The separation membrane 22k has a hexagonal shape when viewed in a plan view in the stacking direction. ２ The separation membrane 22k is provided between the first spacing member 62c and the second spacing member 62d in the stacking direction. ２ The separation membrane 22k is CO ２ The device comprises a separation layer 60a, a first porous layer 61c, a second porous layer 61d, and a sealing material 64a.

[0083] CO ２ The separation layer 60a is CO ２ This layer is made of a material that has the ability to selectively transmit CO ２The separation layer 60a is configured such that CO is separated by, for example, an facilitated transport method or a molecular sieve method. ２ It is a membrane that selectively separates [substances].

[0084] The first porous layer 61c is CO ２ CO ２ This layer is located below the separation layer 60a (in the negative direction of the z-axis) and is made of a porous material that allows air to pass through. The air 39c flowing through the internal air passage 216 of the element passes through the first porous layer 61c and CO ２ It is guided to the separation layer 60a.

[0085] The second porous layer 61d is CO ２ CO ２ This layer is located above the separation layer 60a (in the positive z-direction) and is made of a porous material that allows for airflow. The air 49c flowing through the element's outside air passage 217 is CO2-120 ２ It is guided to the separation layer 60a.

[0086] The sealing material 64a prevents the air 39c in the internal air passage 216 of the element and the air 49c in the external air passage 217 of the element from unintentionally flowing out through the first porous layer 61c or the second porous layer 61d. In other words, it is provided to prevent the mixing of air 39a and air 49a. The sealing material 64a completely covers the side surfaces of the first porous layer 61c and the second porous layer 61d without any gaps. More specifically, the sealing material 64a completely covers the side surfaces of the hexagonal first porous layer 61c and the second porous layer 61d without any gaps. Note that the sealing material 64a is CO ２ The side surface of the separation layer 60a may be covered.

[0087] The first spacing member 62c is CO ２ Multiple units are provided along one surface (xy plane) of the separation membrane 22k at predetermined intervals. In this embodiment, the first spacing member 62c is the same CO ２ Two are provided on the separation membrane 22k with a gap between them, and an internal air passage 216 of the element is formed in the gap. The first gap holding member 62c is CO ２ CO ２It is provided up to the end 202, which is the other end of the separation membrane 22k. In this embodiment, the first spacing member 62c has a substantially S-shape when viewed in plan in the stacking direction, but the shape of the first spacing member 62c is not limited to this. For example, the first spacing member 62c may be a straight line connecting the end 201 and the end 202. When the first spacing member 62c is a straight line, the air 39c can move in a straight line within the internal air passage 216 of the element, so pressure loss can be reduced.

[0088] The second spacing member 62d is CO ２ Multiple second spacing members 62d are provided at predetermined intervals along one surface (xy plane) of the separation membrane 22k. ２ Two are provided on the separation membrane 22k with a gap between them, and an element outside air passage 217 is formed in the gap. The second gap holding member 62d is CO ２ CO ２ It is provided up to the end 302, which is the other end of the separation membrane 22k. In this embodiment, the second spacing member 62d has a substantially S-shape when viewed in plan in the stacking direction, but the shape of the second spacing member 62d is not limited to this. For example, the second spacing member 62d may be a straight line connecting the end 301 and the end 302. When the second spacing member 62d is a straight line, the air 49c can move in a straight line within the element outside air passage 217, thereby reducing pressure loss.

[0089] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the airflow directions of air 39c and air 49c are opposing flows, facing each other. Air 39c and air 49c are CO ２ Because the flow becomes countercurrent across the 22k separation membrane, compared to a direct alternating current, CO2 is distributed across the entire membrane. ２ The partial pressure difference becomes nearly uniform, and locally CO ２ Because the number of areas with small partial pressure differences decreases, CO ２ CO ２ The separation of CO2 becomes more active. As a result, CO2 is separated more efficiently. ２ It becomes possible to separate them.

[0090] (Embodiment 3) Next, Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to Figure 6. Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiment 1 in that the sealing material 64 covers only a portion of the side surfaces of the laminated structure 6 (first porous layer 61a and second porous layer 61b). Figure 6 shows the CO2 according to Embodiment 3. ２ This is a diagram of the separation element 20b.

[0091] The sealing material 64 includes a first sealing material 64c and a second sealing material 64d.

[0092] The first sealing material 64c seals two sides of the first porous layer 61c. More specifically, the first sealing material 64c seals the side circumferential surface 102 and the side circumferential surface 104 of the first porous layer 61a. In other words, the first sealing material 64c is formed on the surface (xz surface) along the direction of airflow of the air 49. To put it another way, the first sealing material 64c is provided on two opposing sides of the side circumferential surface of the first porous layer 61a.

[0093] With this configuration, the inflow and outflow of air through the side surfaces 102 and 104 of the first porous layer 61a is suppressed, while the side surfaces 101 and 103 of the first porous layer 61a can be used as part of the intake or outlet of the laminated structure 6. In other words, compared to the configuration of Embodiment 1, the intake or outlet can be made wider, thus further reducing pressure loss.

[0094] The second sealant 64d seals two sides of the second porous layer 61b. More specifically, the second sealant 64d seals the side circumferential surface 101 and the side circumferential surface 103 of the second porous layer 61b. In other words, the second sealant 64d is formed on the surface (yz plane) that is aligned with the direction of airflow of the air 39. To put it another way, the second sealant 64d is provided on two opposing sides of the side circumferential surface of the second porous layer 61b.

[0095] In other words, CO according to Embodiment 3 ２ The separation element 20b has a rectangular shape when viewed in a plan view in the stacking direction, CO ２ Selectively separating CO ２ Separation layer 60 and CO ２ The first porous layer 61a supports the separation layer 60, and CO２ The first porous layer 61a comprises a second porous layer 61b that protects the separation layer 60. The first porous layer 61a is provided with a first sealing material 64c on two opposing side surfaces of the first porous layer 61a to suppress the inflow and outflow of air. Furthermore, the second porous layer 61b is provided with a second sealing material 64d on two opposing side surfaces of the second porous layer 61b to suppress the inflow and outflow of air. In other words, the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b facing the internal air passage 116 of the element are provided with sealing material 64 on two side surfaces (side surface 101 and side surface 103) that are approximately parallel to the airflow direction of the internal air passage 116 of the element. Furthermore, the first porous layer 61a and the second porous layer 61b, which face the element's external air passage 117, are provided with sealing material 64 on two circumferential surfaces (circumferential surface 102 and circumferential surface 104) that are approximately parallel to the airflow direction of the element's external air passage 117.

[0096] With this configuration, the inflow and outflow of air through the side surfaces 101 and 103 of the second porous layer 61b is suppressed, while the side surfaces 102 and 104 of the second porous layer 61b can be used as part of the intake or outlet of the laminated structure 6. In other words, the intake or outlet can be made wider than in the configuration of Embodiment 1, so pressure loss can be reduced even further.

[0097] 1 Separation system 2 Target space 5 Control unit 6 Laminated structure 10 Housing 11 Spacing member 16 Inner air passage 17 Outer air passage 18 Carbon dioxide 19 Nitrogen 20, 20a, 20b Separation elements 22, 22k CO ２ Separation membrane 22a First CO ２ Separation membrane 22b second CO ２ Separation membrane 22c tertiary CO ２ Separation membrane 22d Fourth CO ２ Separation membrane 22e 5th CO ２Separation membrane 31 Indoor fan 33 Indoor vent 35 Intake vent 37 Indoor filter 39, 39a, 39b, 39c Air 41 Outdoor fan 43 Outdoor vent 45 Exhaust vent 47 Outdoor filter 49, 49a, 49b, 49c Air 51 Indoor intake 52 Indoor intake duct 53 Indoor outlet 54 Indoor exhaust duct 55 Outdoor intake 56 Outdoor intake duct 57 Outdoor outlet 58 Outdoor exhaust duct 60, 60a Separation layer 61a, 61c First porous layer 61b, 61d Second porous layer 62a, 62c First spacing member 62b, 62d Second spacing member 64, 64a Sealing material 64c First sealing material 64d Second sealing material 116, 216 Element internal air passage 116a First internal air passage 116b Second internal air passage 116c Third internal air passage 117, 217 Element external air passage 117a First external air passage 117b Second external air passage 117c Third external air passage 201, 202 Ends 301, 302 Ends

Claims

1. Includes a first air passage and a second air passage, and a CO2 system provided between the first air passage and the second air passage. ２ Separation membrane and the CO ２ The separation membrane comprises a plurality of spacing members provided on one surface of the CO ２ The separation membrane is CO ２ CO selectively transmits ２ Separation layer and the CO ２ CO ２ Separation element.

2. The CO ２ separation membrane is the CO ２ separation layer, and the CO ２ first porous layer provided on the back surface of the separation layer, and the CO ２ second porous layer provided on the surface of the separation layer, and comprises a CO separation element according to claim 1. ２ Separation element.

3. The aforementioned CO ２ The CO2 according to claim 1, wherein the separation membrane and the plurality of spacing members are alternately stacked. ２ Separation element.

4. The plurality of spacing members include a first spacing member that forms the first air passage and a second spacing member that forms the second air passage, wherein the first spacing members are arranged side by side at predetermined intervals in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction to form the first air passage at the predetermined interval, and the second spacing members are arranged side by side at predetermined intervals in a direction perpendicular to the stacking direction to form the second air passage at the predetermined interval, and the first air passage and the second air passage are formed in a linear and intersecting manner with respect to a plan view in the stacking direction, as described in claim 2. ２ Separation element.

5. The CO in the stacking direction ２ The thickness of the separation layer is thinner than that of the porous layer, as described in claim 2. ２ Separation element.

6. The CO2 according to claim 2, wherein a sealing material is provided on the side surface of the porous layer, and the sealing material suppresses the inflow and outflow of air into the porous layer. ２ Separation element.

7. The sealing material seals the side surface of the porous layer without any gaps, as described in claim 6. ２ Separation element.

8. The sealing material comprises a first sealing material and a second sealing material, wherein the first sealing material is provided on two sides of the side surface of the first porous layer that are parallel to the airflow direction of the air passage facing the first porous layer, and the second sealing material is provided on two sides of the side surface of the second porous layer that are parallel to the airflow direction of the air passage facing the second porous layer, as described in claim 6. ２ Separation element.

9. CO according to claim 1 ２ Separation Qualitative Qualitative ２ Separation system.

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