Meat of poultry and method for producing same
By destroying the spinal cord and brain post-slaughter, the method addresses rigor mortis in bird meat, ensuring improved texture and freshness.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- TORIICHI MEAT SHOP CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-10-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-30
AI Technical Summary
Rigor mortis in bird meat leads to hardened meat and reduced water retention capacity, impacting meat quality after several hours post-slaughter.
Destroying the spinal cord within the thoracic vertebrae and, optionally, the brain, to reduce ATP consumption post-mortem, thereby minimizing the effects of rigor mortis and improving meat texture and freshness.
Reduces the impact of rigor mortis, maintaining meat firmness and juiciness by minimizing ATP consumption, thus enhancing meat quality.
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Abstract
Description
Bird meat and method for producing the same
[0001] The present invention relates to bird meat and a method for producing the same.
[0002] Birds are slaughtered, dissected, and processed for meat production. Patent Document 1 discloses a technique in which after cutting the carotid artery of a bird at the time of slaughter, electricity is applied to the bird to cause the bird to lose consciousness and the muscles to spasm for bloodletting. For humane slaughter, Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for instantaneously dislocating the cervical vertebrae of a bird to cause it to become unconscious, and Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for piercing a knife through the mouth into the posterior lobe (a part of the brain) where the nerves that control the muscles of the bird exist.
[0003] Japanese Patent No. 4540075, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2010 / 0105305, U.S. Patent No. 1580790
[0004] Generally, the muscles of birds contract after slaughter and rigor mortis occurs, reaching its maximum around 2 hours after slaughter. However, after several hours, it softens through resolution of rigor accompanied by aging and becomes available for consumption. Rigor mortis not only hardens the meat but also reduces the water retention capacity of the meat, having a significant impact on the meat quality after resolution of rigor. Therefore, a technique for reducing the influence of rigor mortis is required.
[0005] The present invention has been made to meet this requirement, and an object thereof is to provide bird meat and a method for producing the same that can reduce the influence of rigor mortis.
[0006] A first aspect for achieving this object is bird meat having thoracic vertebrae in which the spinal cord existing inside is destroyed and being in a defeathered state.
[0007] A second aspect is, in the first aspect, further comprising cervical vertebrae in which the spinal cord existing inside is destroyed.
[0008] A third aspect is, in the second aspect, having a wound connecting from the surface of the neck to the spinal cord inside the cervical vertebrae.
[0009] A fourth aspect is bird meat having a skull in which the brain existing inside is destroyed and being in a defeathered state. The fourth aspect may further comprise cervical vertebrae in which the spinal cord existing inside is destroyed. The fourth aspect may further be the first aspect.
[0010] The fifth aspect is that, in the fourth aspect, there is a wound that extends from the surface of the head (excluding the mouth) to the brain.
[0011] The sixth embodiment is the flesh of a bird, comprising a composite sacrum with a destroyed spinal cord inside, and in a feathered state. The sixth embodiment may further be any of the first to fifth embodiments.
[0012] The seventh aspect is that, in any of the first to sixth aspects, the nerves extending from the spinal cord towards the tail, located within the compound sacrum, are further destroyed.
[0013] The eighth aspect is a method for producing bird meat, wherein the spinal cord located inside the thoracic vertebrae of the bird is destroyed along the vertebral column.
[0014] The ninth aspect is a method for producing poultry meat, wherein a tensile force is applied to the neck of the poultry to stretch the neck, and the spinal cord within the cervical vertebrae is destroyed along the cervical vertebrae. The ninth aspect may be performed before or after the eighth aspect.
[0015] The tenth aspect is a method for producing bird meat, which involves destroying the brain located inside the bird's skull. To minimize the damage, the brain is destroyed by making an incision in the skull from a part other than the mouth. The tenth aspect may be performed before the ninth aspect.
[0016] The eleventh aspect is a method for producing bird meat, wherein the spinal cord located within the avian sacrum is destroyed along the vertebral column. The eleventh aspect may further be performed before or after any of the eighth to tenth aspects.
[0017] The twelfth aspect involves blindfolding a bird and then destroying its spinal cord or brain, as described in any of the eighth to eleventh aspects.
[0018] The thirteenth aspect involves severing the carotid artery of a bird and then destroying the spinal cord or brain, in any of the aspects of the eighth to twelfth aspects.
[0019] Birds consume adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to contract and relax their muscles, but the supply of ATP stops after death. The spinal cord, which issues the command to contract skeletal muscles, continues to consume ATP even after the bird's death. In birds, the spinal cord, which is located inside the thoracic vertebrae close to the muscles (such as breast and thigh meat), is destroyed. Compared to the prior art described in Patent Document 2, where only the spinal cord in the cervical vertebrae is cut, and the prior art described in Patent Document 3, where a knife is thrust into the brain, the amount of ATP consumed by the spinal cord from breast and thigh meat can be reduced. This reduces the effects of rigor mortis, further improves freshness, and ensures the firmness of the meat, thus improving the texture.
[0020] This is a schematic diagram of a bird in the first embodiment. This is a schematic diagram of a bird in the second embodiment. This is a schematic diagram of a bird in the third embodiment.
[0021] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a bird 10 in the first embodiment. In Figure 1, the feathers are not shown, and the bird 10 is shown with its skeleton visible through the glass (the same applies to Figures 2 and 3).
[0022] Bird 10 comprises a head 11, neck 12, body 13, and tail 14, and includes a skull 15 and a vertebral column 16 in order from the head 11 to the tail 14. The vertebral column 16 includes cervical vertebrae 17, thoracic vertebrae 18, compound sacrum 19, and caudal vertebrae 20 in order from the neck 12 to the tail 14. Compound sacrum 19 includes, in order, the posterior part of the thoracic vertebrae 18, the lumbar vertebrae, the sacral vertebrae, and the anterior part of the caudal vertebrae 20, which are fused together. If the bird 10 is young, bone fusion has not progressed sufficiently, so compound sacrum 19 may include parts where the bones have not fully fused.
[0023] The skull 15 is located inside the head 11, and the cervical vertebrae 17 are located inside the neck 12. The thoracic vertebrae 18 and the compound sacrum 19 are located inside the torso 13, and the caudal vertebrae 20 are located inside the tail 14. The superficial pectoral muscles (breast meat) and deep pectoral muscles (tenderloin) are attached to the thoracic vertebrae 18 via the sternum, etc. The biceps femoris muscle (thigh meat) is attached to the compound sacrum 19 via the lumbar skeleton formed by the attachment of the hip bone.
[0024] The skull 15 protects the brain 41 (see Figure 3), and the cervical vertebrae 17, thoracic vertebrae 18, and compound sacrum 19 protect the spinal cord 21. The medulla oblongata of the brain 41 is connected to the spinal cord 21. The medulla oblongata is part of the brain 41 and contains nerves essential for respiration and heartbeat. The brain 41 and spinal cord 21 issue commands to contract the skeletal muscles, and these commands are transmitted to the muscles by motor nerves. The nerves 22 extending from the spinal cord 21 toward the tail 14 are located inside the compound sacrum 19. The nerves 22 are the pathways for nerve signals traveling to and from the legs.
[0025] Birds 10 include domestic and wild birds such as chickens, ostriches, guinea fowl, turkeys, pigeons, ducks (including mallards, domestic ducks, and hybrid ducks), quail, and pheasants. Examples of meat from birds 10 include thigh meat (biceps femoris), breast meat (pectoralis superficialis), tenderloin (pectoralis deepis), and wings, but there are no restrictions as long as it is for meat consumption.
[0026] Meat is produced through processes such as slaughtering, feather removal, and internal organ removal of 10 types of birds. Cooks and consumers may debon and butcher the slaughtered birds to separate the meat into thighs, breasts, tenderloins, wings, etc., or meat producers may debon and butcher the birds and separate the meat into different parts before handing it over to cooks and consumers. The internal organs (liver, heart, etc.) separated from the meat may also be consumed.
[0027] To slaughter the bird 10, the carotid artery passing through the bird 10's neck 12 is first severed. It is, of course, possible to drain blood from the carotid artery. When severing the carotid artery, the cervical vertebrae 17 may also be severed to separate the head 11 from the body 13, or a portion of the neck 12 may be left attached. Even when severing the carotid artery and leaving a portion of the neck 12 attached, the cervical vertebrae 17 are still severed. The cervical vertebrae 17 may be severed at the same location as the carotid artery, or at a different location than the carotid artery. In this embodiment, after severing the carotid artery passing through the neck 12, the spine 16 is severed at a wound 23 made at the boundary between the cervical vertebrae 17 and the thoracic vertebrae 18 (a different location from the carotid artery), and the head 11 is separated from the body 13.
[0028] A wire (not shown) is inserted into the thoracic vertebrae 18 through the cut surface of the spine 16 exposed by the wound 23, and the spinal cord 21 inside the thoracic vertebrae 18 is mechanically destroyed. The wire has the flexibility to bend along the spine 16 and the mechanical strength to enter through the wound 23, advance through the spine 16, and destroy the spinal cord 21. The wire can also be moved back and forth along the thoracic vertebrae 18 to destroy the spinal cord 21. It is desirable to destroy two or more, preferably three or more, and more preferably four or more, spinal cords 21 of the thoracic vertebrae 18.
[0029] Although the spinal cord 21 continues to consume ATP even after the death of the bird 10, the consumption of ATP by the spinal cord 21 after the death of the bird 10 can be reduced because the spinal cord 21 inside the thoracic vertebrae 18 is destroyed throughout, or a large portion of the spinal cord 21 inside the thoracic vertebrae 18 is destroyed. This reduces the effects of rigor mortis, such as delaying rigor mortis in the superficial and deep pectoral muscles that are stored with the thoracic vertebrae 18 attached, and reduces the decrease in water retention. Therefore, by properly storing the meat after slaughter, it is possible to provide juicy and delicious chicken meat (such as breast meat and tenderloin) from the bird 10.
[0030] It is preferable to advance the wire along the thoracic vertebrae 18 and further destroy the spinal cord 21 inside the vertebral column 16 along the compound sacrum 19. This is because it reduces the consumption of ATP by the spinal cord 21 inside the compound sacrum 19 after the death of the bird 10. The wire may also be moved back and forth along the compound sacrum 19. This reduces the effect of rigor mortis, which reduces water retention, on the biceps femoris muscle that is stored with the compound sacrum 19 attached.
[0031] In the bird 10, it is preferable that the wire reaches the nerve 22 extending from the spinal cord 21 towards the tail 14, thereby destroying the nerve 22. This is because the nerve 22 is a pathway for nerve signals traveling to and from the legs, and destroying the nerve 22 reduces the breakdown of ATP due to leg extension and contraction. This further reduces the effects of rigor mortis.
[0032] A second embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 2. In the first embodiment, a method was described in which the spinal cord 21 inside the thoracic vertebra 18 was destroyed first, starting from the boundary between the cervical vertebra 17 and the thoracic vertebra 18. In the second embodiment, a method for producing meat from a bird 30 will be described in which the spinal cord 21 inside the composite sacrum 19 is destroyed first. In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in the first embodiment, and the description of the same parts is omitted.
[0033] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a bird 30 in the second embodiment. To slaughter the bird 30, first a wound 31 is made in the neck 12 of the bird 30 to sever the carotid artery passing through the neck 12. At this time, the cervical vertebrae 17 may be cut to separate the head 11 from the body 13, or the head 11 may be left attached to the body 13 at the neck 12 with the wound 31 without cutting the cervical vertebrae 17.
[0034] Next, a wound 32 is made on the back of the bird 30 near the tail 14, and a wire is inserted through the wound 32 into the compound sacrum 19 to destroy the spinal cord 21 inside the compound sacrum 19 (particularly inside the lumbar vertebrae) with the wire. The wire may be moved back and forth along the compound sacrum 19. It is desirable to destroy two or more, preferably three or more, and more preferably four or more, spinal cords 21 in the lumbar vertebrae. Because the spinal cords 21 inside the compound sacrum 19 are destroyed, the effect of rigor mortis, which reduces water retention, on the biceps femoris muscle, which is stored with the compound sacrum 19 attached, can be reduced.
[0035] Preferably, the wire is advanced along the sacral vertebrae 19, and the spinal cord 21 inside the vertebral column 16 is destroyed along the thoracic vertebrae 18. The wire may also be run back and forth along the thoracic vertebrae 18. The spinal cord 21 inside the cervical vertebrae 17 may also be destroyed. This reduces the effects of rigor mortis, which reduces water retention in the superficial and deep pectoral muscles that are stored with the thoracic vertebrae 18 attached. The wire may also be advanced on the opposite side of the thoracic vertebrae 18, and the nerves 22 may be destroyed.
[0036] A third embodiment will be described with reference to Figure 3. In the first and second embodiments, the case in which the spinal cord 21 located inside at least one of the thoracic vertebrae 18 and the composite sacrum 19 is destroyed was described. In the third embodiment, a method for producing bird meat 40 in which the brain 41 located inside the skull 15 is destroyed will be described. In the third embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts as in the first embodiment, and the description of the same parts is omitted.
[0037] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a bird 40 in the third embodiment. First, a tensile force is applied to the neck 12 of the bird 40 to stretch the neck 12, adjust the posture of the bird 40, and straighten the neck 12. An example of a means for applying a tensile force to the neck 12 is to support the base of the head 11, suspend the neck 12 and body 13, and use gravity acting on the body 13 to stretch the neck 12 relative to the body 13. Alternatively, a tensile force may be mechanically applied between the base of the head 11 and the body 13 while the bird 40 is suspended or lying on a stand (not shown), thereby stretching the neck 12 relative to the body 13.
[0038] After extending the neck 12 of the bird 40, a rigid body (not shown), such as a rod or tube harder than the skull 15, is inserted into the head 11 (excluding the mouth), penetrating the skull 15 (frontal bone, parietal bone, occipital bone, and the spaces between these bones), and mechanically destroying the medulla oblongata (part of the brain 41) with the rigid body. The destruction of the medulla oblongata causes the bird 40 to die instantly. Instantaneous death reduces the energy expenditure of the bird 40 leading to death, thus reducing ATP depletion. Furthermore, since the signals from the brain 41 to contract the skeletal muscles are eliminated, post-mortem ATP depletion can be reduced.
[0039] When a rigid body pierces the head 11 of the bird 40, a wound 42 is created in the bird 40 that runs from the surface of the head 11 (parts other than the mouth) to the medulla oblongata of the brain 41. In the prior art described in Patent Document 3, the jugular vein and tissues are cut by the knife inserted through the mouth, resulting in greater damage, but in this embodiment, the wound 42 is small, thus reducing the damage.
[0040] Since the spinal cord 21 is connected to the medulla oblongata (a part of the brain 41), a wire (not shown) is inserted through the wound 42 and reaches the spinal cord 21 through the brain 41. Normally, the wire is inserted into the wound 42 after removing the rigid body that has pierced the wound 42. However, when the rigid body is a tube, the wire may be inserted through the tube while leaving the rigid body (tube) piercing the wound 42.
[0041] If the neck 12 of the bird 40 is not fully extended at this time, the wire may not bend along the curvature of the spinal column 16 (cervical vertebra 17), and the wire may protrude outside the spinal column 16 from the bent part of the spinal column 16. When the wire protrudes, the wire may damage the muscles around the spinal column 16, or the spinal cord 21 beyond the point where the wire protrudes may not be destroyed. Since the neck 12 of the bird 40 is straightened and the posture is adjusted, the wire can easily progress along the straightened spinal column 16, and the length of the spinal cord 21 that can be destroyed can be increased.
[0042] Since at least a part of the brain 41 and the spinal cord 21 of the bird 40 are destroyed, the consumption of ATP by the postmortem brain 41 and spinal cord 21 can be reduced. In particular, in this embodiment, since the spinal cord 21 and the brain 41 in the cervical vertebra 17, thoracic vertebra 18, and composite sacrum 19 are destroyed, the consumption of ATP can be further reduced.
[0043] It is of course possible to bleed the bird 40 after destroying the spinal cord 21. Bleeding may be performed from the wound 42, or bleeding may be performed by cutting the carotid artery.
[0044] The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited to these examples.
[0045] (Sample) The base of the head of an 8-week-old female Aigamo (Cherry Valley breed) was supported, the neck and body were suspended, and the brain was destroyed and the bird was slaughtered with the neck extended by using the gravity applied to the body. After that, the spinal cord was destroyed along the entire length, the carotid artery was cut, and the blood was drained. After defeathering, the carcass (with bones attached) was stored at 1°C for 3 days after slaughter, and then the superficial pectoral muscle was taken out and used as the sample in Example 1.
[0046] A sample in Example 2 was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the carcass was stored at 1°C for 10 days after slaughter.
[0047] The brains of 8-week-old female Cherry Valley ducks raised in the same environment as in the examples were destroyed and the ducks were slaughtered. Samples in Comparative Example 1 were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the spinal cord was retained.
[0048] Samples in Comparative Example 2 were obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1, except that the carcasses were stored at 1°C for 10 days after slaughter.
[0049] (Measurement of K value) 5 g samples were taken from each sample, extracted with 5% perchloric acid, filtered, and then the filtrate was neutralized with a potassium hydroxide solution and diluted as appropriate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenylic acid (AMP), inosinic acid (IMP), inosine (HxR), and hypoxanthine (Hx) contained in the filtrate were quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The K value (%) was determined by substituting the results of the quantitative analysis into the formula K value (%) = (HxR + Hx) / (ATP + ADP + AMP + IMP + HxR + Hx).
[0050] The conditions for high performance liquid chromatography were as follows. Chromatograph: LC-40D (Shimadzu Corporation), detector: ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer SPD-40 (Shimadzu Corporation), column: CAPCELL PAK ADME-HR φ4.6 mm × 250 mm (Osaka Soda Co., Ltd.), column temperature: 40°C, mobile phase: 0.05 mol / L phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), flow rate: 0.7 mL / min, measurement wavelength: 260 nm.
[0051] (Measurement of hardness) Using a creep meter (RE2-33005C, Yamaden Corporation), a cylindrical plunger with a diameter of 5 mm was attached, the sample was placed on a sample stage at room temperature, the plunger was pressed against the sample in the thickness direction of the sample at a speed of 1 mm / second, and the maximum force (load) to push back the plunger when the plunger entered 15 mm into the sample was measured. The load was measured 10 times by randomly changing the position where the plunger was pressed against the sample. The samples used were those shaped to a size of 10 cm in length, 5 cm in width, and 3 cm in thickness along the muscle fiber direction. The average of 10 measurements of the K value (%), the amount of inosinic acid (IMP) (mg / 100 g), and the load (N) of the samples in Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are shown in Table 1.
[0052]
[0053] According to Table 1, similar to the comparative example, the K value in the examples also increased with increasing storage time of the carcasses. However, the K value in the examples was lower than that of the comparative example. It was revealed that in the examples where the spinal cord was destroyed, the proportion of inosine and hypoxanthine to the total amount of ATP degradation products was smaller compared to the comparative example, and that freshness was more easily maintained.
[0054] Inosinic acid (IMP), an umami component, is produced when ATP is broken down by enzymes in muscle tissue, via ADP and AMP. The amount of IMP in the example was higher than in the comparative example. This is presumed to be because the example maintained freshness better and ATP consumption by the spinal cord was reduced. Because the example has a higher amount of IMP, it is presumed that the meat tastes better than the comparative example.
[0055] In general, the muscles of birds become stiff and hardest about two hours after slaughter, and then the hardness gradually decreases as the muscles soften due to de-rigorization. In the comparative example, the load (hardness) tended to decrease as the storage time increased. On the other hand, the hardness of the example remained almost constant even after prolonged storage. Since the hardness of the example was maintained, it is presumed that it has a better texture, which is a physical aspect of deliciousness, compared to the comparative example.
[0056] In the example, when a plunger was pressed to a depth of 15 mm at a speed of 1 mm / second onto a sample with a K value of 57% or less, the average of 10 measured values of the maximum load was 10.0 N or higher. According to the example, since the load (hardness) of a fresh sample with a K value of 57% or less is 10.0 N or higher (especially 13.0 N or lower), it became clear that meat with a better texture could be obtained compared to the comparative example.
[0057] Although the present invention has been described above based on embodiments, it can be easily inferred that the present invention is not limited in any way to the above embodiments, and that various improvements and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
[0058] In this embodiment, the results of measuring the K value and hardness were described using the breast meat (superficial pectoralis muscle) of a domestic duck, but this is just one example and is not limited to the superficial pectoralis muscle of ducks, including domestic ducks, mallards, and other types of ducks. Other parts that can be used include thigh meat (biceps femoris muscle), tenderloin (deep pectoralis muscle), and wings. Other species that can be used include chickens, ostriches, guinea fowl, turkeys, pigeons, quail, and pheasants.
[0059] In the embodiment, the load was measured when a plunger was pressed against a sample with a K value of 57% or less at a speed of 1 mm / second, and the case where the average of 10 measured values was 10.0 N or more was described. This relationship is suitable for samples with a K value of 10% or more, especially samples with a K value of 20% or more, even more so for samples with a K value of 30% or more, and more preferably for samples with a K value of 40% or more. The reason is that the muscles of birds around 2 hours after slaughter generally have a K value of less than 10%, and are also hardest due to rigor mortis, so the meat at this time should be excluded.
[0060] In the first and second embodiments, the case of destroying the spinal cord 21 from the torso 13 of birds 10 and 30 was described, but the invention is not necessarily limited to this. Muscles near the tail 14 are damaged, but it is certainly possible to destroy the spinal cord 21 by making an injury that reaches the spinal cord 21 from near the tail 14.
[0061] In the third embodiment, a case was described in which the brain 41 of the bird 40 is destroyed and then the spinal cord 21 is destroyed along the vertebral column 16, but the invention is not necessarily limited to this. After destroying the brain 41 of the bird 40, the carotid artery may be severed to cause blood loss without destroying the spinal cord 21. Alternatively, after destroying the brain 41 of the bird 40, only the spinal cord 21 inside the cervical vertebrae 17 may be destroyed, or wounds 23, 31 (see Figures 1 and 2) may be made in the bird 40 and the spinal cord 21 may be destroyed along the vertebral column 16 as in the first and second embodiments. Or, after destroying the brain 41 of the bird 40, a wound may be made from near the tail 14 to reach the spinal cord 21 and then the spinal cord 21 may be destroyed along the vertebral column 16. Furthermore, nerves 22 may also be destroyed.
[0062] In the embodiment, the case in which the spinal cord 21 is destroyed using a wire was described, but this is not necessarily the only method. Any tool that can destroy the spinal cord 21 can be used in place of the wire. Other examples of tools include water guns and air cannons.
[0063] 10, 30, 40 Birds 11 Head 12 Neck 14 Tail 15 Skull 16 Vertebrae 17 Cervical vertebrae 18 Thoracic vertebrae 19 Compound sacrum 21 Spinal cord 22 Nerves 31, 42 Injuries 41 Brain
Claims
1. The meat of a bird that has lost its feathers and has thoracic vertebrae with a destroyed spinal cord inside.
2. The bird meat according to claim 1, further comprising a cervical vertebra in which the internal spinal cord has been destroyed.
3. The meat of a bird according to claim 2, wherein there is a wound from the surface of the neck that connects to the spinal cord inside the cervical vertebrae.
4. The bird meat according to claim 2, further comprising a skull from which the brain present inside has been destroyed.
5. The meat of a bird according to claim 4, having a wound extending from the surface of the head to the brain.
6. The bird meat according to claim 1, further comprising a composite sacrum in which the spinal cord present inside has been destroyed.
7. The meat of a bird according to claim 6, wherein the nerves extending from the spinal cord toward the tail, located within the composite sacrum, are further destroyed.
8. A method of producing meat in birds that involves destroying the spinal cord located inside the thoracic vertebrae along the spinal column.
9. A method for producing meat according to claim 8, wherein a tensile force is applied to the neck of the bird, and the spinal cord within the cervical vertebrae is destroyed along the cervical vertebrae while the neck is extended.
10. A method for producing meat according to claim 8, wherein the spinal cord located inside the composite sacrum of the bird is destroyed along the vertebral column.