Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. The communication method comprises: a sending end processes a first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence; superimposing pilot symbols at positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence; and sending a first signal on the basis of the second symbol sequence. In this way, the data throughput of a link can be effectively increased.

Description

Communication methods, communication equipment, communication systems, storage media and software products Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] In a communication system, the basic workflow generally includes: at the transmitting end, the transmitter encodes and modulates the source bit stream to obtain modulated symbols; pilot symbols for channel estimation at the receiving end are inserted into the modulated symbols, finally forming the transmitted signal, which travels through the channel to the receiving end. At the receiving end, the receiver can use the pilot signals to perform channel estimation, and then perform subsequent symbol detection, demodulation, decoding, and other steps to obtain the final recovered bit stream.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is proposed, executed by a transmitting end, the method comprising: processing a first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence; aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence; and transmitting a first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a communication method is provided, executed by a receiving end, the method comprising: receiving a first signal, the first signal being transmitted by a transmitting end according to a second symbol sequence, the second symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitting end by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in a first symbol sequence, the first symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitting end by processing a first data bit stream; and determining the first data bit stream according to the first signal.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a communication device is provided for performing the communication method described in the first or second aspect.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is provided, including a transmitter and a receiver, wherein the transmitter is configured to implement the communication method described in the first aspect, and the receiver is configured to implement the communication method described in the second aspect.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication method described in the first or second aspect to be performed.

[0010] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided, comprising at least one of a program and instructions, wherein when the program or instructions are executed by a communication device, they implement the steps of the communication method described in the first or second aspect.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, at least the following beneficial technical effects can be achieved:

[0012] The transmitting end processes the first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence. Pilot symbols are then superimposed at the positions of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence. The first signal is then transmitted based on the second symbol sequence. Because pilot symbols are superimposed at the positions of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence, the resources of the superimposed modulation and pilot symbols in the obtained second symbol sequence can be shared by the modulation and pilot symbols, which can effectively increase the data throughput of the link. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 1 is an exemplary schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 2A is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0016] Figure 2B is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0017] Figure 3 is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 4A is a flowchart illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0019] Figure 4B is a schematic diagram illustrating a model training process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 4C is a schematic diagram of a demodulation process according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0021] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the transmitting end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of the receiving end according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0024] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a chip according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0025] This disclosure provides a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product.

[0026] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a transmitting end, the method comprising: processing a first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence; aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence; and transmitting a first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0027] In the above embodiment, the transmitting end processes the first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence, and then superimposes pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence. The first signal is then transmitted according to the second symbol sequence. Because pilot symbols are superimposed at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence, the resources (e.g., time-domain resources, frequency-domain resources, etc.) of the superimposed symbols of the modulation symbols and pilot symbols in the obtained second symbol sequence can be shared by the modulation symbols and pilot symbols, which can effectively increase the data throughput of the link.

[0028] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0029] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0030] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0031] In the above embodiments, the modulation symbol types that can be superimposed with pilot symbols are specified.

[0032] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the step of aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence includes: allocating power to the modulation symbol and the pilot symbol according to a power allocation factor to obtain the modulation symbol with a first power ratio and the pilot symbol with a second power ratio, wherein the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1; superimposing the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio to obtain an aliased symbol; and replacing the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence with the aliased symbol to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0033] In the above embodiments, a power allocation method is specified for modulation symbols and pilot symbols based on a power allocation factor, and aliased symbols are obtained by superimposing the modulation symbols and pilot symbols according to the power allocation result. In this way, the resources of the aliased symbols can be allocated to the modulation symbols and pilot symbols according to the power allocation result. Since the modulation symbols and pilot symbols share the resources of the aliased symbols, such as time-domain resources and frequency-domain resources, the modulation symbols and pilot symbols are allowed to be transmitted in a non-orthogonal manner in the time and frequency domains of the aliased symbols. This breaks the resource competition between the modulation symbols and pilot symbols, achieves the goal of sharing wireless transmission resources, and improves throughput.

[0034] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the transmitting end by the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitting end.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the power allocation factor can be flexibly determined according to the scenario, thereby improving the flexibility of the power allocation factor.

[0036] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

[0037] In the above embodiments, it is specified that modulation symbols at different positions in the first symbol sequence can be aliased with pilot symbols using the same or different power allocation factors, thereby improving the flexibility of symbol aliasing.

[0038] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure propose a communication method executed by a receiving end, the method comprising: receiving a first signal, the first signal being transmitted by a transmitting end according to a second symbol sequence, the second symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitting end by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence, the first symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitting end by processing a first data bit stream; and determining the first data bit stream according to the first signal.

[0039] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, determining the first data bit stream based on the first signal includes: demodulating the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; inputting the second symbol sequence into a first model to obtain the first data bit stream output by the first model.

[0040] In the above embodiment, the receiving end receives the first signal and performs model inference using a trained first model. The first model is then used to complete the demodulation process of inferring the first data bitstream from the received antenna signal (first signal). Compared with related technologies, this embodiment can reduce the bit error rate in the demodulation process and improve the demodulation performance under multi-layer data transmission. This performance improvement enables the transmitting end to process the first data bitstream with a higher-order constellation modulation, thereby increasing the data throughput of the link while ensuring performance, and meeting the service requirements of next-generation wireless networks.

[0041] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, determining the first data bitstream based on the first signal includes: demodulating the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; inputting the second symbol sequence and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio into a second model to obtain the first data bitstream output by the second model.

[0042] In the above embodiment, the receiving end receives the first signal and performs model inference using a trained second model. The second model is then used to complete the demodulation process of inferring the first data bitstream from the received antenna signal (the first signal) and pilot symbols with a known second power ratio. Compared with related technologies, this embodiment can reduce the bit error rate during demodulation and improve demodulation performance under multi-layer data transmission. This performance improvement enables the transmitting end to process the first data bitstream with higher-order constellation modulation, thereby increasing the data throughput of the link while ensuring performance, meeting the service requirements of next-generation wireless networks.

[0043] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0044] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0045] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the second symbol sequence includes aliased symbols, which are obtained by superimposing the modulation symbols with a first power ratio and the pilot symbols with a second power ratio, wherein the first power ratio and the second power ratio are determined by a power allocation factor, and the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0047] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the receiving end by the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the receiving end.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more aliasing symbols at one or more positions.

[0049] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device for performing the communication method described in the first or second aspect.

[0050] Optionally, the communication device is a transmitter or a receiver. Optionally, the transmitter is a terminal or a network device. Optionally, the receiver is a terminal or a network device.

[0051] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a transmitting terminal, which includes at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the transmitting terminal is used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect.

[0052] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a receiving end, which includes at least one of a transceiver module and a processing module; wherein the receiving end is used to execute an optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0053] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a transmitting terminal, which includes one or more processors; wherein the transmitting terminal is used to execute an optional implementation of the first aspect.

[0054] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a receiving end, which includes one or more processors; wherein the receiving end is used to execute an optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0055] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system comprising: a transmitting terminal and a receiving terminal; wherein the transmitting terminal is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the first aspect, and the receiving terminal is configured to perform the method described in the optional implementation of the second aspect.

[0056] Ninthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform the method as described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0057] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product, including at least one of a program and instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0058] In the eleventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in the optional implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0059] In a twelfth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the methods described according to optional implementations of the first and second aspects above.

[0060] It is understood that the aforementioned communication devices, communication systems, storage media, program products, transmitting ends, receiving ends, terminals, network devices, computer programs, chips or chip systems, etc., are all used to execute the communication methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0061] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method" and "information processing method," "transmission and demodulation method based on neural network-based pilot symbols and data modulation symbols aliasing," etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0062] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0063] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0064] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0065] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0066] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0067] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0068] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0069] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0070] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0071] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0072] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0073] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0074] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” are interchangeable.

[0075] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in the network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0076] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0077] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", "subscriber station", "mobile unit", "subscriber unit", "wireless unit", "remote unit", "mobile device", "wireless device", "wireless communication device", "remote device", "mobile subscriber station", "access terminal", "mobile terminal", "wireless terminal", "remote terminal", "handset", "user agent", "mobile client", and "client" can be used interchangeably.

[0078] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0079] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0080] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0081] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0082] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0083] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system 100 may include a transmitter 101 and a receiver 102.

[0084] Optionally, the sender 101 is a terminal. Optionally, the sender 101 is a network device.

[0085] Optionally, the receiving end 102 is a terminal. Optionally, the receiving end 102 is a network device.

[0086] In some embodiments, the terminal includes, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0087] In some embodiments, the network device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0088] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0089] In some embodiments, the network device is a base station. Optionally, the base station may be, for example, a macro base station, a micro base station (also called a small station), a relay station, an access point, a 5 / 6G base station or a future base station, a satellite, a Transmitting and Receiving Point (TRP), a Transmitting Point (TP), a mobile switching center, or other equipment that performs base station functions in a communication system, etc., and this disclosure does not specifically limit this type of device. For ease of description, in all embodiments of this disclosure, the apparatus that provides wireless communication functions for terminal devices is collectively referred to as a network device or a base station.

[0090] In some embodiments, the network device is a core network device. Optionally, the core network device can be a single device, including a first network element, a second network element, etc., or it can be multiple devices or a group of devices, each including all or part of the first network element, the second network element, etc. Network elements can be virtual or physical. The core network includes, for example, at least one of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), and Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0091] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0092] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0093] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0094] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1, or to some of the main bodies, but are not limited thereto. The main bodies shown in FIG1 are illustrative. The communication system may include all or some of the main bodies in FIG1, or may include other main bodies outside of FIG1. ​​The number and form of each main body are arbitrary. Each main body may be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the main bodies is illustrative. The main bodies may not be connected or may be connected. The connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0095] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0096] In some embodiments, due to the complexity and time-varying nature of the wireless channel environment, the receiver's estimation and recovery of the wireless channel directly affects the final data recovery performance in a communication system. The transmitter allocates data symbols and specific pilot symbols known to the receiver at different resource locations, such as demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) and phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS). During the channel estimation phase, the receiver can estimate (e.g., using minimum mean-square error, MMSE) the channel information at the resource location where the pilot symbols are placed based on the actual and received pilots, and recover the full channel information based on the estimated channel information at the pilot locations (e.g., using interpolation algorithms) for subsequent data recovery.

[0097] In some embodiments of 5G NR, data symbols and pilot symbols (reference signals) are placed at different resource locations. On time-frequency resources, data symbols and pilot symbols are independent and orthogonal; that is, only one type of resource symbol, either a data symbol or a pilot symbol, can be placed at the same resource location. In other words, given a fixed total transmission resource, pilot and data symbols compete for transmission resources. Increased resource overhead for pilots means less resource available for data transmission, resulting in relatively low data transmission resource utilization.

[0098] This disclosure aims to fundamentally explore a new approach to handling the relationship between pilot signals and data transmission in wireless systems. This allows pilot signals and data to be transmitted non-orthogonally in the time and frequency domains at the transmitting end, thereby breaking the resource competition between them and sharing wireless transmission resources. At the receiving end, this disclosure designs a novel receiver to achieve effective data reception from the mixed transmission of pilot signals and data, ensuring equivalent data reception in terms of transmission resources and improving the overall system transmission gain.

[0099] In some embodiments, this disclosure proposes a method for aliased transmission and demodulation of pilot symbols and data symbols based on a single layer and a single user. Specifically, the method includes: The base station encodes and modulates the data source bitstream to be transmitted provided by the network layer to obtain Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) data modulation symbols with normalized symbol power. Based on the location of time-frequency resources, the base station maps all PDSCH data modulation symbols onto a resource grid. Next, the base station generates corresponding DM-RS symbols according to the configuration of the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) and performs symbol power normalization on them. Finally, the base station allocates power between the PDSCH symbols and DM-RS symbols according to the configured power factors, and superimposes the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) with each PDSCH symbol mapped onto the resource grid to form aliased transmission symbols. After symbol aliasing is completed, the base station performs subsequent digital and analog precoding and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation processing. After processing, the information is transmitted by the base station antenna, transmitted through the channel, and received by the user antenna. After the user's antenna receives information transmitted from the base station, the receiver performs OFDM demodulation, channel estimation, de-resource mapping, and symbol equalization estimation to estimate the aliased transmission symbols. These symbols are then subtracted from the known demodulation reference signal (DM-RS), and the resulting symbol is de-constellation modulated to obtain the received bitstream. However, this technical solution only considers pilot and data symbol superposition transmission for a single layer and single user, and cannot well adapt to real-world service scenarios. Furthermore, demodulation performance deteriorates significantly in the single-layer, single-user case. Extending to multi-layer transmission, inter-layer interference further exacerbates performance degradation, severely deviating from the design goals. Moreover, due to the superposition of pilot and data symbols, only lower-order constellation modulation can be selected to ensure accurate demodulation of the transmitted bitstream. However, in scenarios with high signal-to-noise ratios, the use of lower-order modulation in superposition transmission results in lower throughput than traditional non-superposition transmission schemes, failing to leverage the advantages of superposition transmission.

[0100] In view of this, the present disclosure further proposes a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product. This communication method is a neural network-based method for the transmission and demodulation of pilot symbols and data modulation symbols that overlap, enabling pilot symbols and data modulation symbols to share time-frequency resources. Furthermore, it can effectively increase the data throughput of the link while ensuring the bit error rate performance of data transmission.

[0101] Figure 2A is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2A, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a communication system 100, the method including:

[0102] In step S2101, the transmitting end 101 processes the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence.

[0103] In some embodiments, the name of the transmitting end is not limited, and it may be referred to as a transmitter, sender, signal provider, etc.

[0104] Optionally, the sender is a terminal.

[0105] Optionally, the sending end is a network device. Network devices can be, for example, access network devices or core network devices, but are not limited to these.

[0106] In some embodiments, the first data bit stream is a data bit stream to be sent. It should be explained that a data bit stream refers to an information stream that stores and transmits data in units of bits.

[0107] In some embodiments, the name of the first data bitstream is not limited, and it may be, for example, the source bitstream, the transmit bitstream, etc.

[0108] In some embodiments, the first data bit stream is a data bit stream to be transmitted in a specific time slot.

[0109] Optionally, if a Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) signal, a Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) signal, and a pilot signal are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0110] Optionally, if a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) signal, a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) signal, and a pilot signal are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0111] Optionally, if no signals other than PDCCH, PDSCH and pilot signals are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0112] Optionally, if no signals other than PUCCH, PUSCH and pilot signals are transmitted in a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted in that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0113] It should be explained that the pilot signal is a specific signal known to the receiver. Pilot signals can be, for example, demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) or phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS). Based on the received reference signal and the known reference signal, the receiver can determine the channel state information at the corresponding pilot position. Then, through interpolation and other algorithms, it can recover the full channel information. Finally, based on the received data modulation signal and the full channel information, it can recover the data transmitted by the transmitter.

[0114] In some implementation supervision, pilot signals include, but are not limited to, DM-RS signals and PT-RS signals.

[0115] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence includes one or more modulation symbols (or data modulation symbols). The first symbol sequence may be a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional symbol sequence, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0116] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is obtained by processing a first data bit stream. Processing operations include, but are not limited to, encoding, encryption, modulation, and resource grid mapping.

[0117] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a sequence of symbols obtained by encoding, encrypting, and modulating the first data bit stream. The encoding may be, for example, source coding, digital coding, channel coding, or analog precoding, but is not limited thereto. The modulation may be, for example, constellation modulation, OFDM modulation, or analog modulation, but is not limited thereto.

[0118] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a symbol sequence obtained after encoding, modulation, and resource grid mapping of the first data bit stream.

[0119] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a sequence of symbols to be transmitted based on the waveform after the first data bit stream has undergone source coding, modulation, resource grid mapping, and channel coding.

[0120] In other words, the first symbol sequence is the symbol sequence corresponding to any processing node after the transmitter generates modulation symbols based on the data bit stream to be transmitted, but before generating the first signal to be transmitted.

[0121] For example, the implementation of the sending end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding and modulating the first data bit stream to obtain one or more modulated symbols with normalized symbol power, and the sequence composed of the one or more modulated symbols is the first data bit stream.

[0122] For example, the implementation of the transmitting end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding and modulating the first data bit stream to obtain one or more modulation symbols with symbol power normalized; mapping the one or more modulation symbols onto a resource grid (RG); and the mapping result of the one or more modulation symbols onto the resource grid corresponds to the first symbol sequence. Since the resource grid is two-dimensional, the first symbol sequence can also be two-dimensional. Of course, the first symbol sequence can also be one-dimensional. For example, the symbols in the (i+1)th row of the resource grid are placed after the symbols in the ith row, and so on, to obtain the first symbol sequence. Here, the ith row of the resource grid can refer to the ith orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol or the ith subcarrier of the resource grid.

[0123] It should be explained that the resource grid consists of N subcarriers in the frequency domain and M orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain. One subcarrier in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain correspond to a minimum physical resource in the resource grid, namely a resource element (RE). Resource elements can also be called resource particles, resource units, etc., but are not limited to these terms.

[0124] For example, the implementation of the transmitting end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding the first data bit stream, constellation modulation, obtaining one or more modulation symbols with symbol power normalized, processing the one or more modulation symbols onto the resource grid, and further performing OFDM modulation to obtain the first symbol sequence.

[0125] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence includes modulation symbols, which can be represented by amplitude and phase. Amplitude refers to the magnitude of the signal's amplitude or energy (i.e., power). Phase refers to the starting point of the signal or the offset of the waveform, representing the signal's relative position or offset.

[0126] In some embodiments, the modulation symbol is a data modulation symbol, which includes at least one of the following:

[0127] PDSCH symbol;

[0128] PUSCH symbol.

[0129] For example, if the transmitter is an access network device, then the modulation symbol can be the PDSCH symbol.

[0130] For example, if the transmitter is a terminal, then the modulation symbol can be a PUSCH symbol.

[0131] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence may further include a PDCCH symbol or a PUCCH symbol.

[0132] In some embodiments, no other symbols are superimposed at the position of the PDCCH symbol or PUCCH symbol in the first symbol sequence.

[0133] In step S2102, the transmitting end 101 performs power allocation on the modulation symbols and pilot symbols according to the power allocation factor.

[0134] In some embodiments, the name of the power allocation factor is not limited, and it may be, for example, power allocation parameter, power allocation ratio, amplitude allocation factor, etc.

[0135] In some embodiments, the implementation of aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitter allocating power to the modulation symbol and the pilot symbol according to a power allocation factor to obtain a modulation symbol with a first power ratio and a pilot symbol with a second power ratio. Optionally, the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0136] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitter. For example, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitter through Operation Administration and Maintenance (OAM).

[0137] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is sent from the receiver to the transmitter. This power allocation factor reflects the receiver's desired power distribution ratio between the modulation symbols and pilot symbols. That is, it reflects whether the receiver desires higher power for the modulation symbols or higher power for the pilot symbols. Since the receiver's desired power distribution ratio between the modulation symbols and pilot symbols can be determined by the receiver based on signal reception conditions, estimated channel quality, and other information, this approach can meet the receiver's needs and improve the signal reception quality.

[0138] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitter. That is, the transmitter can infer and predict the power allocation factor based on relevant network parameters and a trained model.

[0139] In some embodiments, the number of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence can be one or more. Therefore, the number of power allocation factors can also be one or more. One power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

[0140] For example, in the first symbol sequence, the modulation symbols correspond one-to-one with the power allocation factors.

[0141] For example, a power allocation factor is associated with multiple positions of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence.

[0142] For example, the modulation symbols at all positions in the first symbol sequence correspond to the same power allocation factor.

[0143] This approach enables precise control over the power allocation ratio of modulation symbols and pilot symbols at different locations, thereby improving the performance of the demodulated signal at the receiver.

[0144] In step S2103, the transmitting end 101 obtains an aliasing symbol by superimposing the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio.

[0145] In some embodiments, the implementation of aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitter superimposing a second power ratio pilot symbol on a modulation symbol with a first power ratio to obtain an aliased symbol.

[0146] In some embodiments, the term aliasing may be understood as mixing, superimposing, or synthesizing.

[0147] In some embodiments, since amplitude can represent the magnitude of signal amplitude or energy, and energy is power, the process by which the transmitting end obtains aliased symbols by superimposing the modulation symbols with the first power ratio and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio can be understood as adding the amplitude of the modulation symbols with the first power ratio and the amplitude of the pilot symbols with the second power ratio while keeping the phase unchanged, thereby obtaining aliased symbols.

[0148] For example, assuming the aliasing symbol is Z, the modulation symbol is X, and the pilot symbol is Y, then the aliasing symbol obtained by superimposing the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio can be expressed as Z = (1-p)X + (p)Y, where 1-p is the first power ratio and p is the second power ratio. The value of p ranges from 0 to 1.

[0149] It should be noted that this disclosure does not limit the symbols used to represent aliasing symbols, modulation symbols, or pilot symbols.

[0150] In step S2104, the transmitting end 101 replaces the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence with aliasing symbols to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0151] In some embodiments, the transmitter replaces the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence with aliased symbols to obtain a second symbol sequence. This achieves the purpose of aliasing pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence.

[0152] It should be noted that the number of symbols in the first symbol sequence is the same as the number of symbols in the second symbol sequence. Since one symbol corresponds to one resource particle (RE), for example, one aliasing symbol corresponds to one resource particle, the number of resource particles occupied by the first symbol sequence on the resource grid (RG) is the same as the number of resource particles occupied by the second symbol sequence. In other words, after the transmitter replaces the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence with aliasing symbols to obtain the second symbol sequence, it neither increases the length of the symbol sequence nor adds extra resources to the resources corresponding to the original first symbol sequence.

[0153] Furthermore, since the pilot symbols are superimposed at the position of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence, the resources of the superimposed symbols formed by the superposition of modulation symbols and pilot symbols in the resulting second symbol sequence (i.e., the resources of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence) can be shared by the modulation symbols and pilot symbols. In other words, the resources that were originally only used to transmit modulation symbols can be used to transmit modulation symbols and pilot symbols after the symbol superposition process. This improves resource utilization and effectively increases the data throughput of the link without adding additional resources.

[0154] In step S2105, the transmitting end 101 transmits the first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0155] In some embodiments, the receiver receives a first signal. The first signal received by the receiver is transmitted by the transmitter according to a second symbol sequence. The second symbol sequence is obtained by the transmitter by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence. The first symbol sequence is obtained by the transmitter by processing a first data bit stream.

[0156] In some embodiments, a second symbol sequence is sent to an antenna, which then transmits a first signal. For example, a first signal is generated and transmitted based on the second symbol sequence.

[0157] In some embodiments, encryption, modulation, encoding, and other processing may be included before generating the first signal based on the second symbol sequence, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0158] For example, the transmitting end performs digital and analog precoding and OFDM modulation on the second symbol sequence to form a first signal, and then transmits the first signal through the radio frequency unit of the transmitting end.

[0159] It should be explained that in the complex domain, symbols are used to represent amplitude and phase. Amplitude and phase are fundamental characteristics of a signal. The OFDM symbol obtained after OFDM modulation is a frequency domain sequence composed of multiple orthogonal subcarriers. Each subcarrier is transformed into an OFDM waveform through inverse Fourier transform (IFFT), ultimately forming an airborne radio signal.

[0160] In step S2106, the receiver 102 demodulates the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0161] In some embodiments, the name of the receiving end is not limited, and it may be referred to as a receiver, receiver, signal consumer, etc.

[0162] Optionally, the receiving end is a terminal.

[0163] Optionally, the receiving end is a network device. Network devices can be, for example, access network devices or core network devices, but are not limited to these.

[0164] For example, if the sending end 101 is a terminal, then the receiving end 102 can be an access network device or other terminal.

[0165] For example, if the sender 101 is a network device, then the receiver 102 can be a terminal or other network device.

[0166] In some embodiments, after receiving the first signal, the receiver can perform OFDM de-processing to obtain the received symbols of each antenna, i.e., the second symbol sequence.

[0167] In step S2107, the receiving end 102 inputs the second symbol sequence into the first model to obtain the first data bit stream.

[0168] In some embodiments, the first model has at least one of the functions of channel estimation, de-resource mapping, symbol equalization, and constellation demodulation. The name of the first model is not limited, and it may be, for example, a signal demodulation model.

[0169] In some embodiments, the input to the first model includes a second symbol sequence.

[0170] The training method for the first model will be described in subsequent embodiments.

[0171] In some embodiments, the receiver inputs a second symbol sequence into a first model, and the first model outputs a first data bitstream. The output of the first model is a prediction result of the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter. The output of the first model is the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter recovered by the receiver. The output result of the first model may have errors compared to the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter. The receiver receives a first signal and uses the trained first model to perform model inference prediction. The first model is used to complete the demodulation process of inferring the first data bitstream from the received antenna signal. Compared with the calculation error in related technologies, because the first model can learn more dimensions of channel characteristics, such as complex time-frequency-space characteristics, during the training process, the model inference method can reduce the bit error rate of the demodulation process and improve the demodulation performance under multi-layer (spatial) data transmission. This performance improvement enables the transmitter to process the first data bitstream with higher-order constellation modulation, thereby increasing the data throughput of the link while ensuring performance and meeting the service requirements of next-generation wireless networks.

[0172] In some embodiments, terms such as “processing,” “modulation,” “mapping,” and “encoding” can be used interchangeably.

[0173] In some embodiments, the terms "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", "field", "symbol", "symbol", "codebook", "codeword", "codepoint", "bit", "data", "program", and "chip" can be used interchangeably.

[0174] In some embodiments, terms such as "physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH)" and "DL data" can be used interchangeably, as can terms such as "physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH)" and "UL data".

[0175] In some embodiments, the terms "synchronization signal (SS)," "synchronization signal block (SSB)," "reference signal (RS)," "pilot," and "pilot signal" can be used interchangeably.

[0176] In some embodiments, the terms “resource block (RB)”, “physical resource block (PRB)”, “sub-carrier group (SCG)”, “resource element group (REG)”, “PRB pair”, “RB pair”, “resource element (RE)”, and “sub-carrier” can be used interchangeably.

[0177] In some embodiments, "acquire," "get," "obtain," "receive," "transmit," "bidirectional transmission," and "send and / or receive" can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, acquiring from protocols, acquiring from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation. Protocols include, for example, at least one of the 3GPP protocol, Wi-Fi protocol, and audio and / or video protocols.

[0178] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “distribute,” “transfer,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0179] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain," "preset," "default," "set," "indicated," "a certain," "any," and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A," "preset A," "default A," "set A," "indicated A," "a certain A," "any A," and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0180] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2107. For example, step S2102 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2103 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2104 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, step S2107 may be implemented as an independent embodiment, and steps S2102 to S2104 may be implemented as independent embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0181] In some embodiments, the order of any two steps in steps S2101 to S2107 can be interchanged or they can be performed simultaneously.

[0182] In some embodiments, steps S2101 and S2103 to S2107 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0183] In some embodiments, steps S2101, S2102, and S2104 to S2107 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0184] In some embodiments, steps S2101 to S2103 and steps S2105 to S2107 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0185] In some embodiments, steps S2101 to S2106 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0186] In some embodiments, steps S2101 and S2105 to S2107 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0187] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0188] Figure 2B is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2B, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a communication system 100, the method including:

[0189] In step S2201, the transmitting end 101 processes the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence.

[0190] For optional implementations of step S2201, please refer to the optional implementations of step S2101 in Figure 2A, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A.

[0191] In some embodiments, the name of the transmitting end is not limited, and it may be referred to as a transmitter, sender, signal provider, etc.

[0192] Optionally, the sender is a terminal.

[0193] Optionally, the sending end is a network device. Network devices can be, for example, access network devices or core network devices, but are not limited to these.

[0194] In some embodiments, the first data bit stream is a data bit stream to be sent. It should be explained that a data bit stream refers to an information stream that stores and transmits data in units of bits.

[0195] In some embodiments, the name of the first data bitstream is not limited, and it may be, for example, the source bitstream, the transmit bitstream, etc.

[0196] In some embodiments, the first data bit stream is a data bit stream to be transmitted in a specific time slot.

[0197] Optionally, if a PDCCH signal, a PDSCH signal, and a pilot signal are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0198] Optionally, if a PUCCH signal, a PUSCH signal, and a pilot signal are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0199] Optionally, if no signals other than PDCCH, PDSCH and pilot signals are transmitted on a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted on that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0200] Optionally, if no signals other than PUCCH, PUSCH and pilot signals are transmitted in a certain time slot, then the time slot can be determined as a specific time slot, and the data bit stream to be transmitted in that time slot is the first data bit stream.

[0201] It should be explained that the pilot signal is a specific signal known to the receiver, such as a reference signal like DM-RS or PT-RS. Based on the received reference signal and the known reference signal, the receiver can determine the channel state information at the corresponding pilot position. Then, through interpolation and other algorithms, it can recover the full channel information. Finally, based on the received data modulation signal and the full channel information, it can recover the data transmitted by the transmitter.

[0202] In some implementation supervision, pilot signals include, but are not limited to, DM-RS signals and PT-RS signals.

[0203] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence includes one or more modulation symbols (or data modulation symbols). The first symbol sequence may be a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional symbol sequence, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0204] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is obtained by processing a first data bit stream. Processing operations include, but are not limited to, encoding, encryption, modulation, and resource grid mapping.

[0205] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a sequence of symbols obtained by encoding, encrypting, and modulating the first data bit stream. The encoding may be, for example, source coding, digital coding, channel coding, or analog precoding, but is not limited thereto. The modulation may be, for example, constellation modulation, OFDM modulation, or analog modulation, but is not limited thereto.

[0206] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a symbol sequence obtained after encoding, modulation, and resource grid mapping of the first data bit stream.

[0207] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence is a sequence of symbols to be transmitted based on the waveform after the first data bit stream has undergone source coding, modulation, resource grid mapping, and channel coding.

[0208] In other words, the first symbol sequence is the symbol sequence corresponding to any processing node after the transmitter generates modulation symbols based on the data bit stream to be transmitted, but before generating the first signal to be transmitted.

[0209] For example, the implementation of the sending end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding and modulating the first data bit stream to obtain one or more modulated symbols with normalized symbol power, and the sequence composed of the one or more modulated symbols is the first data bit stream.

[0210] For example, the implementation of the transmitting end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding and modulating the first data bit stream to obtain one or more modulation symbols with symbol power normalized; mapping the one or more modulation symbols onto a resource grid; and the mapping result of the one or more modulation symbols onto the resource grid corresponding to the first symbol sequence. Since the resource grid is two-dimensional, the first symbol sequence can also be two-dimensional. Of course, the first symbol sequence can also be one-dimensional. For example, the symbols in the (i+1)th row of the resource grid are placed after the symbols in the ith row, and so on, to obtain the first symbol sequence. Here, the ith row of the resource grid can refer to the ith OFDM symbol or the ith subcarrier of the resource grid.

[0211] It should be explained that the resource grid consists of N subcarriers in the frequency domain and M orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols in the time domain. One subcarrier in the frequency domain and one OFDM symbol in the time domain correspond to a minimum physical resource, or resource element, in the resource grid. Resource elements can also be called resource particles, resource units, etc., but are not limited to these terms.

[0212] For example, the implementation of the transmitting end processing the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence includes: encoding the first data bit stream, constellation modulation, obtaining one or more modulation symbols with symbol power normalized, processing the one or more modulation symbols onto the resource grid, and further performing OFDM modulation to obtain the first symbol sequence.

[0213] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence includes modulation symbols, which can be represented by amplitude and phase. Amplitude refers to the magnitude of the signal's amplitude or energy (i.e., power). Phase refers to the starting point of the signal or the offset of the waveform, representing the signal's relative position or offset.

[0214] In some embodiments, the modulation symbol is a data modulation symbol, which includes at least one of the following:

[0215] PDSCH symbol;

[0216] PUSCH symbol.

[0217] For example, if the transmitter is an access network device, then the modulation symbol can be the PDSCH symbol.

[0218] For example, if the transmitter is a terminal, then the modulation symbol can be a PUSCH symbol.

[0219] In some embodiments, the first symbol sequence may further include a PDCCH symbol or a PUCCH symbol.

[0220] In some embodiments, no other symbols are superimposed at the position of the PDCCH symbol or PUCCH symbol in the first symbol sequence.

[0221] In step S2202, the transmitting end 101 aliases pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0222] Optional implementations of step S2202 can be found in optional implementations of steps S2102, S2103, and S2104 in Figure 2A, as well as other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A.

[0223] In some embodiments, the implementation of obtaining a second symbol sequence by aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitter performs power allocation on the modulation symbol and the pilot symbol according to a power allocation factor to obtain a modulation symbol with a first power ratio and a pilot symbol with a second power ratio. Optionally, the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0224] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitter. For example, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitter via OAM.

[0225] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is sent from the receiver to the transmitter. This power allocation factor reflects the receiver's desired power distribution ratio between the modulation symbols and pilot symbols. That is, it reflects whether the receiver desires higher power for the modulation symbols or higher power for the pilot symbols. Since the receiver's desired power distribution ratio between the modulation symbols and pilot symbols can be determined by the receiver based on signal reception conditions, estimated channel quality, and other information, this approach can meet the receiver's needs and improve the signal reception quality.

[0226] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitter. That is, the transmitter can infer and predict the power allocation factor based on relevant network parameters and a trained model.

[0227] In some embodiments, the number of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence can be one or more. Therefore, the number of power allocation factors can also be one or more. One power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

[0228] For example, in the first symbol sequence, the modulation symbols correspond one-to-one with the power allocation factors.

[0229] For example, a power allocation factor is associated with multiple positions of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence.

[0230] For example, the modulation symbols at all positions in the first symbol sequence correspond to the same power allocation factor.

[0231] This approach enables precise control over the power allocation ratio of modulation symbols and pilot symbols at different locations, thereby improving the performance of the demodulated signal at the receiver.

[0232] In some embodiments, the implementation of obtaining a second symbol sequence by aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitting end superimposing the modulation symbols with the first power ratio and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio to obtain aliased symbols.

[0233] In some embodiments, the implementation of aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitter superimposing a second power ratio pilot symbol on a modulation symbol with a first power ratio to obtain an aliased symbol.

[0234] In some embodiments, the term aliasing may be understood as mixing, superimposing, or synthesizing.

[0235] In some embodiments, since amplitude can represent the magnitude of signal amplitude or energy, and energy is power, the process by which the transmitting end obtains aliased symbols by superimposing the modulation symbols with the first power ratio and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio can be understood as adding the amplitude of the modulation symbols with the first power ratio and the amplitude of the pilot symbols with the second power ratio while keeping the phase unchanged, thereby obtaining aliased symbols.

[0236] For example, assuming the aliasing symbol is Z, the modulation symbol is X, and the pilot symbol is Y, then the aliasing symbol obtained by superimposing the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio can be expressed as Z = (1-p)X + (p)Y, where 1-p is the first power ratio and p is the second power ratio. The value of p ranges from 0 to 1.

[0237] It should be noted that this disclosure does not limit the symbols used to represent aliasing symbols, modulation symbols, or pilot symbols.

[0238] In some embodiments, the implementation of obtaining a second symbol sequence by aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence includes: the transmitter replacing the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence with aliased symbols to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0239] In some embodiments, the transmitter replaces the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence with aliased symbols to obtain a second symbol sequence. This achieves the purpose of aliasing pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence. Since the pilot symbols are aliased at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence, the resources of the aliased symbols of the modulation symbols and pilot symbols in the obtained second symbol sequence (i.e., the resources of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence) can be shared by the modulation symbols and pilot symbols. In other words, the resources that were originally only used to transmit modulation symbols can be used to transmit both modulation symbols and pilot symbols after symbol aliasing, which improves resource utilization and effectively increases the data throughput of the link.

[0240] In step S2203, the transmitting end 101 transmits the first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0241] For optional implementations of step S2203, please refer to optional implementations of step S2105 in Figure 2A, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A.

[0242] In some embodiments, the receiver receives a first signal. The first signal received by the receiver is transmitted by the transmitter according to a second symbol sequence. The second symbol sequence is obtained by the transmitter by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence. The first symbol sequence is obtained by the transmitter by processing a first data bit stream.

[0243] In some embodiments, a second symbol sequence is sent to an antenna, which then transmits a first signal. For example, a first signal is generated and transmitted based on the second symbol sequence.

[0244] In some embodiments, encryption, modulation, encoding, and other processing may be included before generating the first signal based on the second symbol sequence, and this disclosure does not limit this.

[0245] In step S2204, the receiver 102 demodulates the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0246] For optional implementations of step S2204, please refer to optional implementations of step S2106 in Figure 2A, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figure 2A.

[0247] In some embodiments, the name of the receiving end is not limited, and it may be referred to as a receiver, receiver, signal consumer, etc.

[0248] Optionally, the receiving end is a terminal.

[0249] Optionally, the receiving end is a network device. Network devices can be, for example, access network devices or core network devices, but are not limited to these.

[0250] For example, if the sending end 101 is a terminal, then the receiving end 102 can be an access network device or other terminal.

[0251] For example, if the sender 101 is a network device, then the receiver 102 can be a terminal or other network device.

[0252] In some embodiments, after receiving the first signal, the receiver can perform OFDM de-processing to obtain the received symbols of each antenna, i.e., the second symbol sequence.

[0253] In some embodiments, the second symbol sequence includes aliased symbols, which are obtained by superimposing a modulation symbol with a first power ratio and a pilot symbol with a second power ratio. The first power ratio and the second power ratio are determined by a power allocation factor, and the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0254] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the receiver.

[0255] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is sent from the transmitter to the receiver. This power allocation factor is used by the transmitter in step S2202.

[0256] In some embodiments, the power allocation factor is predicted by the receiver. That is, the receiver can infer and predict the power allocation factor based on relevant network parameters and a trained model.

[0257] In step S2205, the receiver 102 inputs the second symbol sequence and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio into the second model to obtain the first data bit stream.

[0258] In some embodiments, the second model has at least one of the functions of channel estimation, de-resource mapping, symbol equalization, and constellation demodulation. The name of the second model is not limited; it may be, for example, a signal demodulation model.

[0259] In some embodiments, the input to the second model includes a second symbol sequence and pilot symbols with a second power percentage. There can be one or more pilot symbols with the second power percentage, depending on whether the aliasing symbols at different positions in the second symbol sequence are determined using the same power allocation factor. Optionally, there is a one-to-one correspondence between aliasing symbols in the second symbol sequence and pilot symbols with the second power percentage. Optionally, one or more aliasing symbols at positions in the second symbol sequence correspond to one pilot symbol with the second power percentage. Optionally, all aliasing symbols at positions in the second symbol sequence correspond to one pilot symbol with the second power percentage.

[0260] The training method for the second model will be described in subsequent embodiments.

[0261] In some embodiments, the receiver inputs a second symbol sequence and pilot symbols with a second power ratio into a second model, and the second model outputs a first data bitstream. The output of the second model is a prediction of the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter. The output of the second model is the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter recovered by the receiver. The output of the second model may have errors compared to the first data bitstream transmitted by the transmitter. The receiver receives a first signal and uses the trained second model for model inference prediction. The second model completes the demodulation process of inferring the first data bitstream from the received antenna signal. Compared with the calculation error in related technologies, because the second model can learn more dimensions of channel characteristics, such as complex time-frequency-space characteristics, during training, the model inference method can reduce the bit error rate in the demodulation process and improve the demodulation performance under multi-layer (spatial) data transmission. This performance improvement enables the transmitter to process the first data bitstream with higher-order constellation modulation, thereby increasing the data throughput of the link while ensuring performance and meeting the service requirements of next-generation wireless networks.

[0262] In some embodiments, terms such as “processing,” “modulation,” “mapping,” and “encoding” can be used interchangeably.

[0263] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2201 to S2205. For example, step S2202 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, step S2205 may be implemented as a separate embodiment, steps S2201 and S2202 may be implemented as separate embodiments, and steps S2204 and S2205 may be implemented as separate embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0264] In some embodiments, the order of any two steps in steps S2201 to S2205 can be interchanged or they can be performed simultaneously.

[0265] In some embodiments, steps S2201 and S2203 to S2205 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0266] In some embodiments, steps S2201 to S2204 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0267] In some embodiments, steps S2203, S2204, and S2205 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0268] In some embodiments, steps S2201 to S2203 are optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0269] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0270] The training of the first and second models will be introduced below.

[0271] In some embodiments, a first data bitstream sample is collected from the transmitting end, and a second symbol sequence sample obtained by demodulation is collected from the receiving end. The first data bitstream sample and the second symbol sequence sample are used as training samples for the first model.

[0272] In some embodiments, a first data bitstream sample and a second power ratio pilot symbol sample are collected from the transmitting end, and a demodulated second symbol sequence sample is collected from the receiving end. The first data bitstream sample, the second power ratio pilot symbol sample, and the second symbol sequence sample are used as model training samples for the second model.

[0273] In some embodiments, the model structure of the first model and / or the second model can be determined as follows:

[0274] First, the model is determined to consist of two parts: a convolutional module and a fully connected module.

[0275] For the convolutional module, a convolutional module is designed by adding a (2D) convolutional layer, a batch normalization (BN) layer, and an activation function layer. It should be noted that the input size of the convolutional layer is determined based on the number of receiving antennas L, the number of subcarriers C contained in the resource grid, the number of symbols S contained in the resource grid, and the real and imaginary parts (i.e., size 2) of the symbols contained in each RE. That is, the size of the input tensor of the convolutional layer is (L, C, S, 2). The number of (2D) convolutional layers is set to S, corresponding to S convolutional modules, where the number of convolutional kernels in each 2D convolutional layer is set to L. i The corresponding number of convolutional kernels takes into account factors such as model size and model generalization ability.

[0276] The process of determining the composition and inter-module connections of the S convolutional modules includes: setting the layer below each 2D convolutional layer as a batch normalization (BN) layer to address the vanishing gradient problem, normalize model weights, and improve the network's generalization ability. After the BN layer, a layer with a rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function is added to process the output of the BN layer. Convolutional modules are connected using activation function layers to link the 2D convolutional layers. Multiple convolutional modules with different numbers of kernels can be connected in the model to enhance the model's learning ability from data.

[0277] For the fully connected module, the number of nodes in the input layer depends on the output size of the last convolutional module. The output matrix of the last convolutional module is flattened (converting a multi-layered data structure into a single-layer structure for easier processing and storage), transforming it into one-dimensional data before inputting it into the fully connected layer. The number of nodes in the output layer is set to Y, which depends on the length of the transmitted bitstream. When the RE of the transmitted PDSCH on the resource grid is fixed, the higher the order of the constellation modulation and the lower the code rate of the channel coding, the larger the number of nodes in the output layer should be. The number of hidden layers is set to H, and the number of nodes in each hidden layer is set to J. i The number of hidden layers and nodes needs to take into account factors such as model size and model generalization ability.

[0278] The process of determining the connection method between fully connected layers includes: designing to use a fully connected method, and the activation function can be the ReLU function; the hidden layers are fully connected, and the activation function can be the ReLU function; the hidden layers and the output layer are fully connected, and in order to complete the demodulation task, the activation function is the Sigmoid function (S-shaped growth curve function), so that for each bit, it can be predicted whether it should be 0 bits or 1 bits.

[0279] The loss function can be the binary cross-entropy (BCE) loss function or the FocalLoss loss function, etc.

[0280] The process of determining the hyperparameters of the network model includes: setting the reference learning epochs to T, and considering the impact of model training speed, training cost, and model training accuracy on the setting of the learning epochs. The Adam optimizer (adaptive optimization algorithm optimizer) is used, and the corresponding hyperparameters are set to β1, β2, and ε; random weight initialization is chosen as the weight initialization method.

[0281] Model training is performed based on the above model training samples and model structure.

[0282] In one embodiment, a second symbol sequence (i.e., the received symbols from the receiving antenna) is used as input to the first model from the model training samples; the output of the first model is Y probabilities corresponding to the length of the first data bitstream. The label value information is a sequence of 0s and 1s corresponding to the first data bitstream.

[0283] In one embodiment, the second symbol sequence (i.e., the received symbols of the receiving antenna at the receiving end) and the pilot symbols with the known second power ratio at the receiving end are used as inputs to the second model from the model training samples. The output of the second model is Y probabilities corresponding to the length of the first data bitstream. The label value information is a sequence of 0s and 1s corresponding to the first data bitstream.

[0284] In one embodiment, the training loss value is calculated based on the output of the first / second model and the label value information. For example, the training loss value L is calculated using a binary classification cross-entropy function, such as: Where N represents the amount of training data for the model, yi represents the label value of sample i, with 1 for positive class and 0 for negative class, p i This represents the probability that sample i is predicted by the model to be of the positive class.

[0285] In one embodiment, the model parameters are updated based on the training loss value, the model update method, and the selected hyperparameters, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or the Adam algorithm, and the parameters of specific model layers are updated, for example, using the SGD algorithm. Update the model parameters, where, This represents the demodulation model parameters to be updated in round t. This represents the demodulation model parameters after the t-th round of updates. This represents the gradient of the training loss value calculated in round t. Let t represent the learning rate in round t.

[0286] Figure 3 is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3, the embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method executed by a communication system 100, the method including:

[0287] In step S301, the transmitting end 101 processes the first data bit stream to obtain the first symbol sequence.

[0288] Optional implementations of step S301 can be found in step S2101 of Figure 2A, step S2201 of Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments of Figures 2A and 2B.

[0289] In step S302, the transmitting end 101 aliases pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0290] Optionally, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0291] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0292] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0293] Optionally, the step of aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence includes: allocating power to the modulation symbol and the pilot symbol according to a power allocation factor to obtain the modulation symbol with a first power ratio and the pilot symbol with a second power ratio, wherein the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1; superimposing the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio to obtain an aliased symbol; and replacing the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence with the aliased symbol to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0294] Optionally, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the transmitting end by the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitting end.

[0295] Optionally, the number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

[0296] Optional implementations of step S302 can be found in steps S2102, S2103, and S2104 in Figure 2A, step S2202 in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figures 2A and 2B.

[0297] In step S303, the transmitting end 101 transmits the first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0298] Optional implementations of step S303 can be found in step S2105 of Figure 2A, step S2203 of Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments of Figures 2A and 2B.

[0299] In step S304, the receiving end 102 receives the first signal and determines the first data bit stream based on the first signal.

[0300] Optionally, determining the first data bitstream based on the first signal includes: demodulating the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; and inputting the second symbol sequence into a first model to obtain the first data bitstream output by the first model.

[0301] Optionally, determining the first data bitstream based on the first signal includes: demodulating the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; inputting the second symbol sequence and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio into a second model to obtain the first data bitstream output by the second model.

[0302] Optionally, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0303] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0304] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0305] Optionally, the second symbol sequence includes aliased symbols, which are obtained by superimposing the modulation symbols with a first power ratio and the pilot symbols with a second power ratio. The first power ratio and the second power ratio are determined by a power allocation factor, and the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0306] Optionally, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the receiving end by the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the receiving end.

[0307] Optional implementations of step S304 can be found in steps S2106 and S2107 in Figure 2A, steps S2204 and S2205 in Figure 2B, and other related parts in the embodiments involved in Figures 2A and 2B.

[0308] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0309] In some embodiments, based on the existing basic process of 5G NR resource grid allocation, for downlink time slots on the base station side, if only PDCCH, PDSCH, and DM-RS signals exist in the resource grid, the PDSCH and DM-RS signals are normalized and superimposed according to a certain power allocation factor to form aliased symbols, which are then allocated to resource units other than PDCCH. After subsequent processing, these symbols are sent to the user. The user side receives the transmitted signal and uses the trained model for model inference, using the model to complete the demodulation process of inferring the received bit stream from the receiving antenna signal. Compared with related technical solutions, the embodiments of this disclosure can reduce the bit error rate in the demodulation process and improve the demodulation performance under multi-layer transmitted data. This performance improvement enables the transmitter to process the transmitted bit stream with higher-order constellation modulation, thereby increasing the data throughput of the link while ensuring performance and meeting the service requirements of next-generation wireless networks.

[0310] In some embodiments, this disclosure provides a transmission demodulation method based on neural network-based pilot and data modulation symbol aliasing, the method comprising the following:

[0311] First, according to the 5G NR standard, the base station maps the transmitted signals to the resource grid determined for each time slot under the base station configuration. If the current time slot only contains PDCCH, PDSCH, and DM-RS signals, the RE containing the PDCCH is not processed. For the PDSCH and DM-RS symbols, they are normalized according to a given power factor and their amplitudes are allocated according to power. After processing, they are aliased and allocated to all REs in the resource grid except for the PDCCH. After aliasing, the base station performs subsequent digital and analog precoding and OFDM modulation. After processing, the information is transmitted by the base station antenna, transmitted through the channel, and received by the user antenna. After receiving the information transmitted by the base station, the user antenna performs OFDM demodulation to obtain the received symbols on each receiving antenna.

[0312] Next, the received symbols from all user receiving antennas, the pilot symbols on the resource grid when the base station transmits in that time slot, and the transmitted bit stream from the base station in that time slot are collected. These three data points are used to form a dataset, and a neural network model is trained. This model can use the pilot symbols and the received symbols from the receiving antennas as input to infer the transmitted bit stream. After training, the model is deployed on the user side.

[0313] Finally, after the model is trained and deployed on the user side, the base station can transmit aliased symbols according to the above aliasing scheme. After the user side de-modulates the received signal using OFDM, it inputs the received symbols and pilot symbols on the receiving antenna into the model to infer the transmitted bit stream (which is also the received bit stream).

[0314] Figure 4A is a schematic flowchart illustrating the main process of a transmission demodulation method based on neural network-based aliasing of pilot symbols and data modulation symbols according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The method includes the following steps:

[0315] Step 1: According to the 5G NR standard, the base station maps the resource grid under the base station configuration, and completes the symbol aliasing of PDSCH and DM-RS in a specific time slot, and then transmits it after subsequent processing.

[0316] Furthermore, step 1 includes the following steps:

[0317] Step 101: The base station determines whether to perform aliasing transmission in the time slot.

[0318] In one embodiment, the base station determines that pilot symbols and data modulation symbols should be mixed and transmitted in the time slot if only PDCCH, PDSCH and DM-RS signals are transmitted on the resource grid in the time slot, based on the 5G NR standard and the base station configuration.

[0319] Step 102: Perform power allocation and superposition on the pilot symbols and data modulation symbols.

[0320] In one embodiment, the pilot symbols and data modulation symbols on all REs are normalized according to a given power factor, and then power is allocated and superimposed according to the power factor.

[0321] In one embodiment, based on user feedback information (e.g., performance information, or user request information), the pilot symbols and data modulation symbols on all REs are normalized using a variable power factor determined based on the user feedback information, and power is allocated and superimposed according to the feedback power factor.

[0322] In one embodiment, a neural network-based model is used to predict and superimpose the variable power allocation of pilot symbols and data modulation symbols on each RE.

[0323] In one embodiment, a neural network-based model (the allocation power factor predicted by the base station) is used to perform unified and variable power allocation predictions for pilot symbols and data modulation symbols on all REs and then superimpose them.

[0324] Step 103: The base station performs further processing on the processed resource grid and transmits it downlink.

[0325] In one embodiment, the base station performs subsequent processing on the resource grid after power allocation and symbol overlay as described in step 102, including but not limited to digital precoding, analog precoding, and OFDM modulation. After processing, the data is sent downlink to the user.

[0326] Step 2: The user side receives the signal and constructs a dataset by combining it with the information transmitted by the base station. The demodulation neural network model on the user side is then trained.

[0327] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4B, which is a flowchart illustrating the demodulation model training process in a transmission demodulation method based on neural networks for aliasing of pilot symbols and data modulation symbols provided in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the method includes the following steps:

[0328] Step 201: The base station performs resource grid mapping and completes symbol aliasing of PDSCH and DM-RS in a specific time slot. After subsequent processing, the data is transmitted, and the transmitted bit stream and pilot symbols are retained to form part of the dataset.

[0329] In one embodiment, after power allocation of pilot and data modulation symbols in step 102, the pilot symbols after power allocation are saved, and the transmitted bit stream of data modulation symbols before modulation is saved, both forming part of the model training dataset.

[0330] Step 202: The user side receives the signal, performs OFDM modulation demodulation, and obtains the received symbols on each antenna, forming part of the dataset.

[0331] In one embodiment, the user side receives the signal that has been processed and transmitted downlink by the base station, thereby obtaining the received symbols on each antenna of the user side, saving them to form part of the model training dataset, and providing model input for subsequent model training.

[0332] Step 203: Summarize the datasets from the base station side and the user side, determine the input and output, and thus determine the model structure.

[0333] In one embodiment, the model only needs to use the received symbols on the receiving antenna obtained by the user's OFDM modulation as model input to infer the transmitted bit stream on the base station side, which is then used as the demodulated received bit stream. The model structure is designed based on this.

[0334] In one embodiment, the model requires the received symbols on the receiving antenna obtained by the user's OFDM modulation and the pilot symbols used by the base station as model inputs to infer the transmitted bit stream from the base station, which serves as the received bit stream obtained by demodulation. The model structure is designed based on this.

[0335] Step 204: Using the given dataset and model structure, determine the model parameters and loss function.

[0336] In one embodiment, a neural network model is trained to infer the transmitted bit stream based on the received symbols on each antenna obtained by the user in OFDM. The model structure of the training model can be determined according to the size of the resource grid (i.e., the number of subcarriers and symbols) and the specific training task characteristics and training requirements.

[0337] In one embodiment, a neural network model is trained to infer the transmitted bit stream based on the received symbols on each antenna obtained by the user's OFDM decoding and the pilot symbols with power allocation known to the user side of the base station. The model structure of the training model can be determined according to the size of the resource grid (i.e., the number of subcarriers and symbols) and the specific training task characteristics and training requirements.

[0338] In one embodiment, the model structure of the training model can be determined as follows.

[0339] The model consists of two parts: a convolutional module and a fully connected module.

[0340] The process of determining the number of layers and nodes (output nodes of a certain layer) of the model will first be explained using the convolution module.

[0341] A convolutional module consists of a convolutional layer, a batch normalization (BN) layer, and an activation function layer. Naturally, the input size of the convolutional layer is equal to the number of user receiving antennas (L), the number of subcarriers (C) in the resource grid, the number of symbols (S) in the resource grid, and the real and imaginary parts of the symbols in each RE, all of which are of size 2. That is, the tensor size is (L, C, S, 2). The number of two-dimensional convolutional layers is set to S, corresponding to S convolutional modules. The number of convolutional kernels in each two-dimensional convolutional layer is set to Li. The setting of the number of convolutional kernels needs to consider factors such as model size and model generalization ability.

[0342] The process of determining the composition of the S convolutional modules and the connection methods between them involves setting the next layer after each 2D convolutional layer as a batch normalization (BN) layer to address the vanishing gradient problem, normalize model weights, and improve the network's generalization ability. After the BN layer, a layer with ReLU activation is added to process the output of the BN layer. Convolutional modules are connected using activation function layers to link the 2D convolutional layers. Multiple convolutional modules with different numbers of kernels can be connected in the model to enhance its learning ability on data.

[0343] Next, the process of determining the number of layers and nodes in the model will be explained, specifically the fully connected layer.

[0344] The number of nodes in the input layer depends on the output size of the last convolutional module. The output matrix of the last convolutional module is flattened to transform it into one-dimensional data before being input into the fully connected layer. The number of nodes in the output layer is set to Y, which depends on the length of the transmitted bitstream. When the RE of the transmitted PDSCH on the resource grid is fixed, the higher the order of the constellation modulation and the lower the code rate of the channel coding, the larger the number of nodes in the output layer should be. The number of hidden layers is set to H, and the number of nodes in each hidden layer is set to Ji. The number of hidden layers and the number of nodes need to take into account factors such as model size and model generalization ability.

[0345] The process of determining the connection mode between fully connected layers is carried out using a fully connected approach, and the ReLU function can be used as the activation function. The connection between hidden layers is also fully connected, and the ReLU function can be used as the activation function. The connection between the hidden layer and the output layer is fully connected. In order to complete the demodulation task, the Sigmoid function is used as the activation function, so that for each bit, it can be predicted whether it should be 0 bit or 1 bit.

[0346] The process of determining the loss function can employ binary cross-entropy (BCE) loss function or FocalLoss loss function, among others.

[0347] For determining the hyperparameters of the network model, the number of learning epochs can be set to T. The choice of learning epochs needs to consider the impact on model training speed, training cost, and model training accuracy. The Adam optimizer is used, and the corresponding hyperparameters are set to β1, β2, and ε; random weight initialization is chosen as the weight initialization method.

[0348] Step 205: Train the model.

[0349] In one embodiment, the received symbols of the user's receiving antenna are used as input to the model from the dataset; the output of the model is the probability of the transmitted bit stream length Y; the tag length is the length of the transmitted bit stream; the tag value is 0 and 1, which indicate the transmitted bit stream, and is also the bit stream that the receiving end should obtain through demodulation.

[0350] In one embodiment, the received symbols of the user's receiving antenna and the pilot symbols used by the base station known to the user are taken as inputs to the model from the dataset; the output of the model is the probability of the transmitted bit stream length Y; the tag length is the length of the transmitted bit stream; the tag value is 0 and 1, which indicate the transmitted bit stream, and is also the bit stream that the receiver should obtain after demodulation.

[0351] In one embodiment, the training loss value is calculated based on the model's output and label information, for example, using a binary classification cross-entropy function. Where N represents the amount of training data for the model (i.e., the number of training sample groups participating in this training), y i This represents the label value of sample i, with 1 for positive class and 0 for negative class, p i This represents the probability that sample i is predicted by the model to be of the positive class.

[0352] In one embodiment, the base station updates the model parameters based on the training loss value, the model update method, and the selected hyperparameters, such as stochastic gradient descent (SGD) or the Adam algorithm, to update the parameters of specific model layers. For example, the SGD algorithm is used to update the model parameters.

[0353] in, This represents the demodulation model parameters to be updated in round t. This represents the demodulation model parameters after the t-th round of updates. This represents the gradient of the training loss value calculated in round t. Let t represent the learning rate in round t.

[0354] Step 206: After completing model training, deploy the model on the user side for subsequent invocation.

[0355] Step 3: After receiving the signal, the user side performs OFDM decoding to obtain the received symbols of each antenna. The received symbols and the known DM-RS symbols are then input into the model, and the model infers the received bit stream.

[0356] Furthermore, referring to Figure 4C, which is a flowchart illustrating the derivation of the demodulation model in a transmission demodulation method for pilot and data modulation symbol aliasing based on a neural network according to an embodiment of this disclosure, the method includes the following steps:

[0357] Step 31: The user receives the signal sent by the base station and performs OFDM demodulation on the user side to obtain the received symbols on each receiving antenna.

[0358] In one embodiment, the user side receives the signal that has been processed and transmitted downlink by the base station, and performs OFDM modulation on it to obtain the received symbols on each antenna of the user side.

[0359] Step 32: The user inputs the received symbols and pilot symbols from each receiving antenna into the demodulation model, and the model infers the received bit stream.

[0360] In one embodiment, the model is deployed on the user side, and model inference is completed on the user side. The user inputs the received symbols from each antenna obtained in step 31 into the model, and uses the trained model to demodulate the signal mixed with pilot and time modulation symbols to recover the transmitted bit stream as the received bit stream.

[0361] In one embodiment, the model is deployed on the user side, and model inference is completed on the user side. The user inputs the received symbols on each antenna obtained in step 31 and the pilot symbols known on the base station side to the user side into the model. The trained model is used to demodulate the signal mixed with pilot and time modulation symbols to recover the transmitted bit stream as the received bit stream.

[0362] Step 33: The user performs subsequent processing on the received bit stream according to the NR standard, including but not limited to descrambling, dechannel coding, and deCRC coding.

[0363] In one embodiment, the neural network model proposed in this invention replaces the channel estimation, equalization, and constellation demodulation processes performed on the user side after receiving base station signals in the NR standard. After inferring the received bitstream using the model, subsequent processing can be performed according to the NR standard, thereby recovering the transmitted data blocks at the receiving end.

[0364] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0365] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus (also referred to as a communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a terminal (e.g., a transmitter or receiver) in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a network device (e.g., a transmitter or receiver) in any of the above methods. The network device is, for example, an access network device, a core network functional node, or a core network device.

[0366] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0367] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a Neural Network Processing Unit (NPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), or a Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU).

[0368] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a transmitter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The transmitter 5100 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5A, the transmitter 5100 may include at least one of a transceiver module 5101, a processing module 5102, etc. In some embodiments, the processing module 5102 is used to process a first data bit stream to obtain a first symbol sequence; to alias pilot symbols at the positions where the modulation symbols are located in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence; and the transceiver module 5101 is used to transmit a first signal according to the second symbol sequence.

[0369] Optionally, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0370] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0371] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0372] Optionally, the processing module 5102 is configured to: allocate power to the modulation symbol and the pilot symbol according to a power allocation factor to obtain the modulation symbol with a first power ratio and the pilot symbol with a second power ratio, wherein the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1; superimpose the modulation symbol with the first power ratio and the pilot symbol with the second power ratio to obtain an aliased symbol; and replace the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence with the aliased symbol to obtain the second symbol sequence.

[0373] Optionally, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the transmitting end by the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitting end.

[0374] Optionally, the number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

[0375] Optionally, the transceiver module is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (such as step S2105, step S2203, but not limited thereto) performed by the sending end 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module is used to perform at least one of the other steps (such as step S2101, step S2102, step S2103, step S2104, step S2106, step S2107, step S2201, step S2202, step S2204, step S2205, but not limited thereto) performed by the sending end 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0376] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a receiver according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The receiver 5200 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5B, the receiver 5200 may include at least one of a transceiver module 5201, a processing module 5202, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is used to receive a first signal, the first signal being transmitted by a transmitter according to a second symbol sequence, the second symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitter by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence, and the first symbol sequence being obtained by the transmitter by processing a first data bit stream; the processing module 5202 is used to determine the first data bit stream based on the first signal.

[0377] Optionally, the processing module 5202 is configured to: demodulate the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; input the second symbol sequence into the first model to obtain the first data bit stream output by the first model.

[0378] Optionally, the processing module 5202 is configured to: demodulate the first signal to obtain the second symbol sequence; input the second symbol sequence and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio into the second model to obtain the first data bit stream output by the second model.

[0379] Optionally, the modulation symbol includes at least one of the following:

[0380] Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols;

[0381] Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

[0382] Optionally, the second symbol sequence includes aliased symbols, which are obtained by superimposing the modulation symbols with a first power ratio and the pilot symbols with a second power ratio. The first power ratio and the second power ratio are determined by a power allocation factor, and the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

[0383] Optionally, the power allocation factor is pre-configured on the receiving end; or, the power allocation factor is sent to the receiving end by the transmitting end; or, the power allocation factor is predicted by the receiving end.

[0384] Optionally, the number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more aliasing symbols at one or more positions.

[0385] Optionally, the transceiver module is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (such as step S2105, step S2203, but not limited thereto) performed by the receiving end 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module is used to perform at least one of the other steps (such as step S2101, step S2102, step S2103, step S2104, step S2106, step S2107, step S2201, step S2202, step S2204, step S2205, but not limited thereto) performed by the receiving end 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0386] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0387] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module.

[0388] In some embodiments, the processing module can be replaced by the processor, and the transceiver module can be replaced by the transceiver.

[0389] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 6100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The communication device 6100 can be a network device (e.g., access network device, core network device, etc.), a terminal (e.g., user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0390] As shown in Figure 6A, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 6100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0391] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceivers 6102 perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2105, S2203, but not limited thereto), and the processor 6101 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S2101, S2102, S2103, S2104, S2106, S2107, S2201, S2202, S2204, S2205, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceivers may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated together. Optionally, terms such as transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, and interface can be used interchangeably; terms such as transmitter, transmitter unit, transmitter, and transmitter circuit can be used interchangeably; and terms such as receiver, receiver unit, receiver, and receiver circuit can be used interchangeably.

[0392] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 6103 to cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 6103 may also be located outside the communication device 6100. In an optional embodiment, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuit 6104 is connected to the memory 6103 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 6103 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 6104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 6103 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 6101.

[0393] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may not be limited by FIG. 6A. The communication device may be a standalone device or a part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or a chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0394] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of chip 6200 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For cases where the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, the schematic diagram of chip 6200 shown in Figure 6B can be referenced, but is not limited thereto.

[0395] Chip 6200 includes one or more processors 6201. Chip 6200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0396] In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more interface circuits 6202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more memories 6203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6203 may be located outside of chip 6200. Optionally, interface circuit 6202 is connected to memory 6203, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from memory 6203 or other devices, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to memory 6203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 6202 can read data and / or instructions stored in memory 6203 and send the data and / or instructions to processor 6201.

[0397] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 6202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., steps S2105, S2203, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 6202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 6202 performing data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 6201, the chip 6200, the memory 6203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 6201 performs at least one of other steps (e.g., steps S2101, S2102, S2103, S2104, S2106, S2107, S2201, S2202, S2204, S2205, but not limited thereto).

[0398] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0399] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0400] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a communication device, cause the communication device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0401] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A communication method, characterized in that, The method, executed by the sending end, includes: The first data bit stream is processed to obtain the first symbol sequence; The second symbol sequence is obtained by aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of the modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence; The first signal is sent according to the second symbol sequence.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The modulation symbols include at least one of the following: Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols; Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The step of aliasing pilot symbols at the positions of modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence to obtain a second symbol sequence includes: The modulation symbol and the pilot symbol are power-allocated according to the power allocation factor to obtain the modulation symbol with a first power ratio and the pilot symbol with a second power ratio, wherein the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1. The modulation symbol with the first power ratio is superimposed with the pilot symbol with the second power ratio to obtain an aliasing symbol; The modulation symbols in the first symbol sequence are replaced with the aliasing symbols to obtain the second symbol sequence.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power allocation factor is pre-configured on the transmitting end; or... The power allocation factor is sent from the receiver to the transmitter; or, The power allocation factor is predicted by the transmitting end.

5. The method according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, The number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more modulation symbols at one or more positions.

6. A communication method, characterized in that, The method, executed by the receiving end, includes: The first signal is received by the transmitting end according to the second symbol sequence, which is obtained by the transmitting end by aliasing pilot symbols at the position of the modulation symbol in the first symbol sequence, and the first symbol sequence is obtained by the transmitting end by processing the first data bit stream. The first data bit stream is determined based on the first signal.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the first data bit stream based on the first signal includes: The first signal is demodulated to obtain the second symbol sequence; The second symbol sequence is input into the first model to obtain the first data bit stream output by the first model.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, Determining the first data bit stream based on the first signal includes: The first signal is demodulated to obtain the second symbol sequence; The second symbol sequence and the pilot symbols with the second power ratio are input into the second model to obtain the first data bit stream output by the second model.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6-8, characterized in that, The modulation symbols include at least one of the following: Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) symbols; Physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) symbol.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, The second symbol sequence includes aliased symbols, which are obtained by superimposing the modulation symbols with a first power ratio and the pilot symbols with a second power ratio. The first power ratio and the second power ratio are determined by a power allocation factor, and the sum of the first power ratio and the second power ratio is 1.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The power allocation factor is pre-configured on the receiver; or... The power allocation factor is sent from the transmitter to the receiver; or, The power allocation factor is predicted by the receiver.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that, The number of power allocation factors is one or more, and one power allocation factor corresponds to one or more aliasing symbols at one or more positions.

13. A communication device, characterized in that, The communication device is used to perform the communication method according to any one of claims 1-5 and 6-12.

14. A communication system, characterized in that, It includes a sending end and a receiving end, wherein the sending end is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 1-5, and the receiving end is configured to implement the communication method of any one of claims 6-12.

15. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication method of any one of claims 1-5 and 6-12 is performed.

16. A program product comprising at least one of a program and instructions, characterized in that, When at least one of the programs or instructions is executed by the communication device, it implements the steps of the communication method according to any one of claims 1-12.

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