Method and apparatus for determining sensing mode

Abstract

The present application relates to the wireless field, and specifically relates to a method and apparatus for determining a sensing mode. Different sensing modes have different characteristics, and how to determine a sensing mode suitable for a current scenario is an issue that needs to be solved. In embodiments of the present application, an execution device acquires a sensing service state of a terminal, the sensing service state indicating whether an uplink sensing function and / or a downlink sensing function of the terminal is available; and the execution device determines a sensing mode on the basis of the sensing service state. When the uplink sensing function is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using a sensing mode based on the uplink sensing function, such as a terminal-base station bistatic mode; and when the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using a sensing mode based on the downlink sensing function, such as a base station-terminal bistatic mode. Thus, in the embodiments of the present application, a sensing mode is determined on the basis of a sensing service state, so that a sensing mode suitable for a current scenario can be determined.

Description

Methods and apparatus for determining sensing patterns

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411518158.8, filed on October 28, 2024, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Determining Sensing Mode", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the field of wireless technology, and more specifically to a method and apparatus for determining a sensing pattern. Background Technology

[0003] In fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) th In the evolution of 5G mobile communication technology, integrated communication and sensing technology is considered one of the key technologies for expanding the service capabilities of mobile communication networks. The core idea of ​​this technology is to add sensing capabilities to the mobile communication network, building the ability to detect and image targets, thereby integrating communication and sensing capabilities into a single network to achieve harmonious coexistence and even mutual benefit.

[0004] Based on whether the transmitting and receiving ends of the sensed signals are co-located or separate, sensing systems can be divided into monostatic systems and bistatic systems. Depending on whether the transmitting end is a terminal or a base station, monostatic and bistatic systems can be further subdivided into several more specific sensing modes. Different sensing modes have different characteristics, and determining the appropriate sensing mode for the current scenario is a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Embodiments of this application provide a method, apparatus, system, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for determining a perception mode that is suitable for the current scenario.

[0006] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining a sensing mode. This method can be executed by a terminal or network device (e.g., a base station or core network element). Unless otherwise specified, "terminal" in this application can refer to the terminal itself, a component within the terminal (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logical module or software capable of implementing all or part of the terminal's functions. Similarly, unless otherwise specified, "network device" in this application can refer to the network device itself, a component within the network device (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system), or a logical module or software capable of implementing all or part of the network device's functions. The following description uses a terminal as the executing entity. The method includes: obtaining the terminal's sensing service status, whereby the sensing service status indicates whether the terminal's uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function are available, and there is a correspondence between the sensing service status and the sensing mode.

[0007] In the above method, an alternative expression for "a correspondence exists between the perception service state and the perception mode" includes: determining the perception mode based on the perception service state. When the uplink perception function is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using perception modes based on the uplink perception function, such as the terminal-base station dual-base mode; when the downlink perception function is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using perception modes based on the downlink perception function, such as the base station-terminal dual-base mode. Therefore, this embodiment determines the perception mode based on the perception service state, which can determine the perception mode suitable for the current scenario.

[0008] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available and the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available and the uplink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are both available, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are both unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal single-base mode or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0009] When the perception service status indicates whether one-way perception functionality (i.e., uplink or downlink perception functionality) is available, the terminal can select an appropriate perception mode based on the availability of one-way perception functionality. When the perception service status indicates whether two-way perception functionality (i.e., both uplink and downlink perception functionality) is available, the terminal can select an appropriate perception mode based on the availability of two-way perception functionality. Therefore, this embodiment can determine the perception mode suitable for the current scenario.

[0010] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: acquiring uplink channel measurement results, the uplink channel measurement results being used to determine the sensing service state; and / or, acquiring downlink channel measurement results, the downlink channel measurement results being used to determine the sensing service state.

[0011] In this embodiment, the terminal obtains the measurement results and determines the perception service status based on the measurement results, without needing to obtain the perception service status from other nodes, thus enabling the perception mode to be determined as quickly as possible.

[0012] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving first information indicating a sensing service status.

[0013] In some cases, the terminal may be in an energy-saving or high-load state. Receiving the first information allows the terminal to determine the sensing service status locally, thereby reducing the power consumption of the terminal in determining the sensing mode.

[0014] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, the first information includes a first bit and / or a second bit, the first bit indicating whether uplink sensing is available and the second bit indicating whether downlink sensing is available.

[0015] Compared to implicit indication sensing methods, bit-based indication sensing does not rely on other information, thus improving the flexibility of indication sensing.

[0016] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, the first information further includes a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0017] The availability of communication functionality is related to the processing method of the sensing measurement results. The device generating the sensing measurement results can determine the appropriate processing method based on the third and / or fourth bits. For example, when a terminal generates sensing measurement results, and the third bit indicates that the uplink communication function is unavailable, the terminal can store the sensing measurement results locally and send them to the base station when the uplink communication function becomes available, thereby improving the transmission reliability of the sensing measurement results.

[0018] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: receiving second information, the second information including a third bit and / or a fourth bit, the third bit indicating whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicating whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0019] In this embodiment, the bits indicating communication function (the third bit and / or the fourth bit) and the bits indicating sensing function (the first bit and / or the second bit) are sent separately, thereby allowing for flexible indication of whether the terminal's communication function is available.

[0020] In an alternative implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: sending third information, the third information indicating a sensing mode.

[0021] After determining the sensing mode, the terminal can send third information to other devices (such as base stations or other terminals on the side link) so that other devices can prepare resources in advance to perform sensing processing.

[0022] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, when the sensing mode is a terminal-to-terminal bibase mode, sending third information includes: sending third information to a receiving end, wherein the receiving end is a terminal receiving sensing signals in the terminal-to-terminal bibase mode.

[0023] After the terminal determines the sensing mode using the "method for determining the sensing mode," the receiving end in the terminal-to-terminal bi-base mode typically does not know whether it needs to participate in sensing. In this embodiment, the sending end in the terminal-to-terminal bi-base mode sends third information to the receiving end, enabling the receiving end to determine the existence of the sensing service and thus prepare resources in advance to perform sensing processing.

[0024] In an optional implementation of the first aspect, the method further includes: when the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, saving the sensing measurement results and / or sending the sensing measurement results via a side link; or, when the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, sending or receiving the sensing measurement results via the uplink; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, saving the sensing measurement results; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, sending or receiving the sensing measurement results via the downlink.

[0025] In this embodiment, the device executing the "method for determining the sensing mode" can select an appropriate processing method for the sensing measurement results based on the terminal's communication capabilities. For example, when the terminal's uplink communication function is unavailable, the terminal can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the base station when the terminal's uplink communication function becomes available. Similarly, when the terminal's downlink communication function is unavailable, the base station can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the terminal when the terminal's downlink communication function becomes available. This avoids the failure to send sensing measurement results due to communication function unavailability.

[0026] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide an apparatus for determining a sensing mode (also referred to as a communication apparatus, sensing apparatus, sensing apparatus, or sensing fusion apparatus). The apparatus includes a processing unit configured to perform: indicating whether the uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function of a terminal are available based on the sensing service status, and confirming a correspondence between the sensing service status and the sensing mode.

[0027] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available and the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available and the uplink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal single-base mode or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0028] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, the processing unit is further configured to: acquire uplink channel measurement results, the uplink channel measurement results being used to determine the sensing service status; and / or, acquire downlink channel measurement results, the downlink channel measurement results being used to determine the sensing service status.

[0029] In an alternative embodiment of the second aspect, the apparatus for determining the sensing mode further includes a transceiver unit configured to: receive first information indicating the sensing service status.

[0030] In an alternative implementation of the second aspect, the first information includes a first bit and / or a second bit, the first bit indicating whether uplink sensing is available and the second bit indicating whether downlink sensing is available.

[0031] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, the first information further includes a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0032] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect, the apparatus for determining the sensing mode further includes a transceiver unit configured to: receive second information, the second information including a third bit and / or a fourth bit, the third bit indicating whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicating whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0033] In an alternative embodiment of the second aspect, the apparatus for determining the sensing mode further includes a transceiver unit configured to: transmit third information indicating the sensing mode.

[0034] In an optional implementation of the second aspect, when the sensing mode is a terminal-to-terminal bibase mode, the transceiver unit is specifically used to: send third information to the receiving end, where the receiving end is the terminal receiving the sensing signal in the terminal-to-terminal bibase mode.

[0035] In an optional embodiment of the second aspect, the processing unit is further configured to: when the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, save the sensing measurement results, and / or transmit the sensing measurement results on the side link through the transceiver unit; or, when the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, transmit or receive the sensing measurement results on the uplink through the transceiver unit; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, save the sensing measurement results; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, transmit or receive the sensing measurement results on the downlink through the transceiver unit.

[0036] The apparatus of the second aspect corresponds to the method of the first aspect. The beneficial effects of the various embodiments of the second aspect can be referred to the beneficial effects of the corresponding embodiments in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0037] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide an apparatus for determining a sensing mode (also referred to as a communication apparatus, sensing apparatus, sensing apparatus, or sensing fusion apparatus). This apparatus may be a terminal, base station, or core network equipment, or a component within the terminal, base station, or core network equipment (e.g., a processor, circuit, chip, or chip system). The apparatus includes a processor for executing any of the methods described in the first aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0038] Optionally, the device may also include a transceiver. When the device is a terminal, base station, or core network equipment, the transceiver may be a transceiver circuit, an antenna, etc.; when the device is a component in a terminal, base station, or core network equipment, the transceiver may be an input / output interface, a pin, or an interface circuit, etc.

[0039] Optionally, the device may further include a memory for storing computer programs or instructions, which the processor executes to cause the device to perform any of the methods described in the first aspect and its optional embodiments. When the device is a terminal, base station, or core network equipment, the memory may be a read-only memory, random access memory, etc.; when the device is a component in a terminal, base station, or core network equipment, the memory may be a register or cache, etc.

[0040] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a sensing system (also referred to as a communication system, a sensing system, a sensing fusion system, or a sensing network), which includes: the device described in the second aspect, or the device described in the third aspect. Wherein, when the device described in the second aspect or the device described in the third aspect is a chip, the sensing system is a chip system.

[0041] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program or instructions; when the computer program or instructions are executed on a device for determining a perception mode, the device causes the device to perform any of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments.

[0042] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product comprising: a computer program or instructions; which, when executed by a device that determines a perception mode, causes the device to perform any of the methods in the first aspect and its optional embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system used in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an O-RAN architecture provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a core network architecture provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a sensory fusion system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0047] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another synesthetic fusion system provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0048] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another sensory fusion system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0049] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another sensory fusion system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0050] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another sensory fusion system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0051] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of another sensory fusion system provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0052] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram illustrating the relationship between the coverage areas of communication signals and sensing signals provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0053] Figure 11 is a schematic flowchart of a sensing method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 12 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining whether the sensing and communication functions of a terminal are available, according to an embodiment of this application.

[0055] Figure 13 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating ueSensingServiceState by a base station according to an embodiment of this application;

[0056] Figure 14 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating ueSensingServiceState from a sensing function according to an embodiment of this application;

[0057] Figure 15 is a schematic flowchart of a method for generating ueSensingServiceState from a terminal according to an embodiment of this application;

[0058] Figure 16 is a schematic flowchart of a sensing measurement report processing method in terminal single-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0059] Figure 17 is a schematic flowchart of a sensing measurement report processing method in a terminal-to-terminal bi-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0060] Figure 18 is a schematic flowchart of another sensing measurement report processing method in terminal single-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0061] Figure 19 is a schematic flowchart of another sensing measurement report processing method in terminal-to-terminal bi-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0062] Figure 20 is a schematic flowchart of a sensing measurement report processing method in a base station-terminal dual-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0063] Figure 21 is a schematic flowchart of a sensing measurement report processing method in a terminal-base station dual-base mode provided by an embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 22 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for determining a sensing mode provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0065] Figure 23 is a schematic diagram of another device for determining a sensing mode provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a sensing system provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0067] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 1000 used in an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 1, the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100, wherein the RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 110), and may also include at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 1, collectively referred to as 120). The RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and / or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 1). The terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to the RAN node 110. Terminals and RAN nodes can be interconnected via wired or wireless means. The communication system 1000 may also include a core network 200. The RAN node 110 is connected to the core network 200 via wireless or wired means. The core network equipment in core network 200 and the RAN node 110 in RAN 100 can be independent and different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device that integrates the logical functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the RAN node. Communication system 1000 may also include Internet 300.

[0068] RAN 100 can be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) system, a new radio (NR) system, or a future radio access system as defined in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP), or it can be a Wi-Fi system. RAN 100 can also include two or more of the above-mentioned different radio access systems. RAN 100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN).

[0069] RAN nodes, also known as network devices, radio access network devices, RAN entities, or access nodes, are used to help terminals access communication systems wirelessly. RAN nodes may have different names in different systems.

[0070] In one application scenario, a RAN node can be a base station, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB), a transmission reception point (TRP), a next-generation NodeB (gNB) in a 5G mobile communication system, a base station in a future communication network, an access point (AP) in a Wi-Fi system, an AP in a long-range radio (LoRa) system, or an AP in a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system. A RAN node can be a macro base station (as shown in Figure 1, 110a), a micro base station or an indoor station (as shown in Figure 1, 110b), or a relay node or donor node.

[0071] In another application scenario, multiple RAN nodes can collaborate to help terminals achieve wireless access, with different RAN nodes implementing different functions of the base station. For example, a RAN node can be a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), or a radio unit (RU). The CU performs the functions of the base station's radio resource control (RRC) protocol and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), and can also perform the functions of the service data adaptation protocol (SDAP). The DU performs the functions of the base station's radio link control (RLC) layer and medium access control (MAC) layer, and can also perform some or all of the physical (PHY) layer functions. For specific descriptions of these protocol layers, refer to the relevant 3GPP technical specifications. The RU can be used to implement radio frequency signal transmission and reception. The CU and DU can be set up as two independent RAN nodes, or integrated into the same RAN node, for example, integrated into the baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs). CUs can be further divided into two types of RAN nodes: central unit control plane (CU-CP) and central unit user plane (CU-UP).

[0072] In different systems, RAN nodes may have different names. For example, in an O-RAN system, a CU can be called an open CU (O-CU), a DU can be called an open DU (O-DU), and a RU can be called an open RU (O-RU).

[0073] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of an O-RAN architecture provided by an embodiment of this application.

[0074] As shown in Figure 2, the O-RAN 200 includes an O-CU, an O-DU, and an O-RU. Optionally, the O-CU and O-DU can be integrated into the BBU. The BBU and O-RU can be co-located or non-co-located. The O-CU can communicate with the core network via a backhaul link, the O-CU and O-DU can communicate via a midhaul link, the O-DU and O-RU can communicate via a fronthaul link, and the O-RU can communicate with the user equipment (UE) via an air interface.

[0075] The RAN node in the embodiments of this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software and hardware modules. For example, the RAN node can be a server loaded with the corresponding software module. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the RAN node. For ease of description, a base station is used as an example of a RAN node in the following description.

[0076] A terminal is a device with wireless transceiver capabilities, capable of sending signals to or receiving signals from a base station. Terminals are also known as terminal equipment, user interface (UE), mobile station, mobile terminal, etc. Terminals can be widely used in various scenarios, such as device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), Internet of Things (IoT), virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), industrial control, autonomous driving, telemedicine, smart grids, smart furniture, smart offices, smart wearables, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. The terminal can be a mobile phone (as shown in Figure 1, 120a, 120e, 120f, and 120j), a tablet computer (as shown in Figure 1, 120g), a printer with wireless transceiver capabilities (as shown in Figure 1, 120h), a wearable device, a vehicle (as shown in Figure 1, 120b), a charging station (as shown in Figure 1, 120c), an airplane (as shown in Figure 1, 120i), a ship, a robot, a robotic arm, a smart home device (as shown in Figure 1, 120d), etc. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or device form used in the terminal.

[0077] By way of example and not limitation, in the embodiments of this application, wearable devices may also be referred to as wearable smart devices. This is a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into a user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. In a broad sense, wearable smart devices include fully functional, large-sized electronic devices that can achieve complete or partial functionality without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, or electronic devices that focus on a specific application function and require cooperation with other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets and smart jewelry for measuring vital signs.

[0078] All the terminals described above, if located in a vehicle (e.g., placed inside or installed inside a vehicle), can be considered vehicle-mounted terminals. Vehicle-mounted terminals can also be called vehicle modules, vehicle components, vehicle chips, or on-board units (OBU).

[0079] Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the base stations and terminals.

[0080] The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative. For example, 120i in Figure 1 (which could be a helicopter or a drone) can be configured as a mobile base station. For those 120j accessing the wireless access network 100 via 120i, 120i is a base station; however, for 110a, 120i is a terminal. That is, 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, 120i is also a base station relative to 110a. Therefore, both base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with base station functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 1 can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

[0081] Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

[0082] In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the base station can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the base station, or by a control subsystem that includes base station functions. This control subsystem can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

[0083] The core network 200 primarily provides user connectivity, user management, and service transport, and serves as the bearer network, providing interfaces to external networks (e.g., the Internet 300). The following is a brief introduction to the core network 200, using the service-based architecture (SBA) shown in Figure 3 as an example. It should be noted that the UE, RAN, and data network (DN) shown in Figure 3 are for ease of description of the interfaces between the core network 200 and external devices or networks; the UE, RAN, and DN are not actually part of the core network 200.

[0084] SBA primarily manifests in the control plane. The essence of SBA is to define network functions as several flexibly invoked "service" modules based on the three principles of "self-containment, reusability, and independent management." Based on this, operators can flexibly customize their networks according to business needs. Interaction between network functions is achieved through service calls; each network function presents a common service interface that can be invoked by authorized network functions or services.

[0085] As shown in Figure 3, the core network 200 includes user plane function (UPF), access and mobility management function (AMF), session management function (SMF), location management function (LMF), gateway mobile location center (GMLC), and sensing function (SF).

[0086] UPF, AMF, SMF, LMF, and GMLC can be referred to as core network elements or core network devices. These network elements or devices can be independent hardware devices, modules that integrate different functions into the same hardware device, software functions that run on dedicated hardware, or virtualization functions that are instantiated on a cloud platform. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific form of the above-mentioned networks or devices.

[0087] SF is a module closely related to sensing functions. It can be called a sensing network element or sensing network device, or a sensing management function (SeMF).

[0088] The network elements in Figure 3 are briefly introduced below.

[0089] UPF, also known as User Plane Device, User Plane Functional Element, or User Plane Functional Entity, can be understood as the naming convention for User Plane Functional Elements in the 5G core network (5GC). UPF primarily includes the following functions: packet routing and transmission, packet inspection, service usage reporting, Quality of Service (QoS) processing, uplink packet inspection, and downlink packet storage, among other user plane-related functions.

[0090] AMF, also known as Mobility Management Device, can be understood as the naming convention for mobility management network elements in 5GC. AMF mainly includes the following functions: connection management, mobility management, registration management, access authentication and authorization, reachability management, security context management, and other access and mobility-related functions.

[0091] SMF can be understood as the naming convention for the Session Management Function (SMF) network element in 5GC. SMF primarily performs functions such as session management, execution of control policies issued by the Policy Control Function (PCF), selection of the UPF, and allocation of Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for the UE.

[0092] LMF can be understood as the name given to network elements that provide control plane positioning functions in 5G GC. LMF is mainly used to complete the calculation and feedback of location information in 5G networks, providing functions such as positioning process management, terminal capability acquisition, auxiliary data provision, and terminal location estimation.

[0093] GMLC can be understood as the naming convention for network elements that handle sensing requests in 5GC. GMLC's main functions include: application access and authentication, obtaining and verifying user privacy settings, forwarding location requests to LMF via AMF to complete location calculation, and providing the final location result to the location application.

[0094] SF can be understood as the name for the network element responsible for sensing control and sensing measurement data processing in 5GC. The main functions of SF include: processing sensing measurement data from 3GPP sensing devices, and processing sensing measurement data from non-3GPP sensing devices.

[0095] A Data Network (DN) is a network located outside the carrier's network, such as Internet 300. A carrier's network (e.g., Core Network 200) can connect to multiple DNs. A single DN can deploy various services, providing data, voice, communication, sensing, computing, digital twin, and artificial intelligence services to terminal devices. For example, a DN might be the private network of a smart factory. Sensors installed in the workshop are the terminal devices. The DN houses a control server for these sensors. The sensors can communicate with the control server, receive instructions, and transmit the collected sensor data to it. The control server then provides computing services to the sensors based on this data. Another example is a DN serving as an internal office network for a company. Employees' mobile phones or computers are the terminal devices. These devices can access data on the company's internal office network, which provides data services to them.

[0096] In Figure 3, Uu, N1, N2, N3, N4, and N6 are interface names. Namf is the service-oriented interface corresponding to AMF, Nsmf is the service-oriented interface corresponding to SMF, Nausf is the service-oriented interface corresponding to AUSF, Nudm is the service-oriented interface corresponding to UDM, Nlmf is the service-oriented interface corresponding to LMF, Ngmlc is the service-oriented interface corresponding to GMLC, and Nsf is the service-oriented interface corresponding to SF. The meanings of these interfaces shown in Figure 3 can be found in the relevant definitions in the 3GPP standard protocols, and are not limited here.

[0097] The network architecture described above is merely an illustrative example. The network architecture applicable to the embodiments of this application is not limited to this. Any network architecture that includes the functions of the above-described network elements is applicable to the embodiments of this application.

[0098] The naming conventions described above are defined solely for the purpose of distinguishing different functions and should not be construed as limiting this application. This application does not preclude the possibility of using other naming conventions in 5G networks and other future networks. For example, in future communication networks, some or all of the aforementioned network elements may use 5G terminology, or other names may be adopted. The interface names described above are also just examples; in specific implementations, the interface names may be different, and this application does not impose any specific limitations on this.

[0099] Considering the degree of coupling between SF and the existing functional modules in 5GC, the sensor network architecture can be roughly divided into two types: tightly coupled and loosely coupled.

[0100] In the tightly coupled architecture, SF will be deeply integrated with the existing 5GC architecture, relying as much as possible on existing 5GC functions, interfaces, and protocols to enable and open up sensing capabilities. This includes functions such as authentication / authorization, mobility management, session management, capability opening, and billing for sensing services. It can support region-oriented and target-oriented sensing, as well as base station sensing, terminal sensing, and end-station collaborative sensing, thus serving as a wide-area general-purpose architecture. Considering that the sensing function can be divided into two sub-functions: the control plane (CP) and the user plane (UP), namely, sensing control plane function and sensing user plane function, these two sub-functions can be implemented separately or centrally in two or one network element.

[0101] The loosely coupled architecture is relatively independent of the existing 5GC. SF does not need to interact with 5GC or only performs minimal interaction, and can be used in local area scenarios or private network scenarios.

[0102] For scenarios where sensing needs exist only within a specific area, or where sensing is the only requirement, a loosely coupled architecture can provide sensing services without requiring 5GC control or only requiring some network elements to participate in control. Furthermore, localized deployment via SF ensures that sensing measurement data or results do not leave the campus, thus meeting enterprises' security and privacy requirements for sensing measurement data or results, and reducing sensing latency. This architecture is simple, flexible, efficient, requires fewer transmission nodes, is easy to deploy, and can optionally support UE-related sensing needs, with implementation schemes for authorization, mobility management, and billing functions considered on demand.

[0103] The architecture shown in Figure 3 is an alternative example of a tightly coupled architecture. In Figure 3, the SF is deployed independently. Alternatively, the SF can be deployed in conjunction with 5GC network elements (e.g., AMF or LMF) depending on sensing requirements.

[0104] The architecture shown in Figure 3 can also support non-3GPP sensing devices, such as existing radar and camera sensors. Depending on the deployment, the following methods can be used to support existing non-3GPP sensing devices:

[0105] 1) Non-3GPP sensing devices need to send sensing measurement data to SF through UE;

[0106] 2) The deployment method of using base station external sensing equipment is adopted, and the measurement data of non-3GPP sensing equipment is sent to SF through base station or other implementation methods;

[0107] 3) Non-3GPP sensing devices need to send sensing measurement data to SF through application function (AF); SF adapts the measurement data of non-3GPP sensing devices and performs fusion processing with 3GPP sensing measurement data as needed, thereby improving the accuracy of sensing results obtained based on sensing measurement data processing.

[0108] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of this application, the technologies involved in the embodiments of this application will be briefly introduced below.

[0109] (1) Harmonized communication and sensing (HCS).

[0110] The term "sensing" refers to emitting electromagnetic waves into space and, by receiving the electromagnetic waves reflected from objects within that space, calculating information about those objects, such as position, orientation, height, velocity, size, trajectory, and / or detecting their internal and external shape and structure. It involves exploring the transmission, echo, reflection, and scattering of electromagnetic waves to perceive and better understand the physical world. Sensing can also be called detection.

[0111] Table 1 provides examples of some sensing application scenarios provided by embodiments of this application.

[0112] Table 1

[0113] As shown in Table 1, there are three typical application scenarios for sensing technology: infrastructure, autonomous driving, and portable devices. Different application scenarios have different types of sensing services, and different types of sensing services correspond to different business needs.

[0114] For infrastructure scenarios, sensing capabilities can be used for tasks such as security checks and track management at airports, personnel counting and location in factories, and imaging and environmental reconstruction in buildings.

[0115] For autonomous driving scenarios, autonomous driving devices with perception capabilities can be used for tasks such as gesture recognition, in-vehicle behavior perception, collision avoidance sensing, traffic management, and pedestrian detection.

[0116] For portable device scenarios, electronic devices with sensing capabilities can be used for health monitoring, cycling helmets with sensing capabilities can be used for safety prediction, and detectors with sensing capabilities can be used for life detection.

[0117] The broad definition of perception mentioned above refers to using electromagnetic waves to understand and detect objects and signals in space, and can include meanings such as positioning, radar, imaging, motion recognition, object recognition, and environmental reconstruction.

[0118] The integration of electromagnetic signals used for communication and sensing creates an integrated communication-sensing system. Within this system, communication nodes and sensing nodes may be integrated (hereinafter referred to as HCS nodes), and various integration types of HCS nodes exist. The aforementioned HCS node refers to a fusion design of communication and sensing nodes. By sharing some resources, such as hardware, computing, spatial, temporal, and frequency resources, it achieves efficient design for both communication and sensing, thereby reducing power loss, site requirements, and costs.

[0119] For example, Table 2 provides examples of different fusion types of an HCS node provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0120] Table 2

[0121] As shown in Table 2, HCS nodes can have three different fusion types.

[0122] In the first type of fusion, HCS nodes can share hardware resources, radio frequency resources, baseband resources, time resources, and spectrum resources, but communication signals and sensing signals are processed separately. Taking a joint waveform as an example, the advantage of this fusion method is that it can transmit communication signals and sensing signals simultaneously and has strong anti-interference capabilities.

[0123] In the second type of fusion, HCS nodes can share radio frequency and baseband resources. In this case, in addition to processing communication signals and sensing signals separately, they can be transmitted separately using time-division multiplexing or frequency-division multiplexing. Taking time-division multiplexing waveforms as an example, the advantage of this fusion method is that the communication signals and sensing signals are highly independent, and the interference between communication nodes and sensing nodes is small.

[0124] In the third type of fusion, HCS nodes can share baseband resources, and communication signals and sensing signals are transmitted using their respective resources in the spatial, temporal, and frequency domains.

[0125] It should be understood that there may be other different fusion types, and the embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0126] (2) Synesthesia fusion system.

[0127] Based on whether the transmitting and receiving ends of the sensed signals are co-located or separate, integrated communication and sensing systems can be divided into monostatic, bistatic, and multistatic systems. Multistatic systems are generally hybrid systems composed of monostatic and bistatic components. Two typical integrated communication and sensing systems are shown in Figures 4-9.

[0128] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a single-base system provided in an embodiment of this application. The sensing mode adopted by the single-base system shown in Figure 4 can be called the terminal single-base mode or the terminal single-base sensing mode.

[0129] As shown in Figure 4, terminal 110 establishes a communication connection with base station 120. Terminal 110 can send uplink data to base station 120, and base station 120 can send downlink data to terminal 110. The signal between terminal 110 and base station 120 can be called a communication signal. Base station 120 can use the communication signal to indicate or configure radio resources for terminal 110. These radio resources are used for sensing and / or communication. In the single-base system shown in Figure 4, terminal 110, as an HCS node, also has sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also send sensing signals to sense the surrounding environment. For example, terminal 110 can send sensing signals to the surrounding environment. After the sensing signal is reflected by a sensing target in the environment, terminal 110 receives the echo signal reflected by the sensing target. In this way, terminal 110 can perform sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain sensing results. For example, terminal 110 can determine the distance between the sensing target and terminal 110, as well as the speed of the sensing target.

[0130] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of another single-base system provided in an embodiment of this application. The sensing mode adopted by the single-base system shown in Figure 4 can be referred to as base station single-base mode, RAN single-base mode, network device single-base mode, base station single-base sensing mode, RAN single-base sensing mode, or network device single-base sensing mode.

[0131] For ease of description, the technical solutions in the various embodiments of this application are described using a base station as an example of a network device. However, this does not imply a limitation on the scope of protection of this application. Other network devices (or components within network devices) capable of implementing access network functions are also applicable to this application. When using these network devices (or components within network devices) to implement sensing functions, the term "base station" in each sensing mode can be replaced by the names of these network devices (or components within network devices).

[0132] As shown in Figure 5, terminal 110 establishes a communication connection with base station 120. Terminal 110 can send uplink data to base station 120, and base station 120 can send downlink data to terminal 110. The signal between terminal 110 and base station 120 can be called a communication signal. In the single-base system shown in Figure 5, base station 120, as an HCS node, also possesses sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also send sensing signals to perceive the surrounding environment. For example, base station 120 can send sensing signals into the surrounding environment. After the sensing signal is reflected by a sensing target in the environment, base station 120 receives the echo signal reflected by the sensing target. In this way, base station 120 can perform sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain sensing results. For example, base station 120 can determine the distance between the sensing target and base station 120, as well as the speed of the sensing target.

[0133] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of a bistatic system provided in an embodiment of this application. Unlike the monostatic systems shown in Figures 4 and 5, in the bistatic systems shown in Figures 6 to 9, the device that transmits the sensing signal and the device that receives the echo signal reflected from the sensing target are two different devices. That is, device A transmits the sensing signal, and after the sensing signal is reflected by the sensing target, device B receives and senses the echo signal to obtain the sensing result.

[0134] The sensing mode used in the dual-base system shown in Figure 6 can be called the terminal-base station dual-base mode, the terminal-base station dual-base sensing mode, the terminal-network device dual-base mode, the terminal-network device dual-base sensing mode, or the uplink sensing mode.

[0135] As shown in Figure 6, terminal 110 establishes a communication connection with base station 120. Base station 120 can indicate or configure wireless resources for terminal 110 via communication signals. These wireless resources are used for sensing and / or communication. Terminal 110, as an HCS node, also possesses sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also send sensing signals to perceive its surrounding environment. After the sensing signals sent by terminal 110 are reflected by sensing targets in the environment, base station 120 receives the echo signals reflected by these targets. Then, base station 120 performs sensing measurements on the echo signals to obtain the sensing results. For example, base station 120 can determine the location and speed of the sensing target.

[0136] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of another dual-base system provided in an embodiment of this application. The sensing mode adopted by the dual-base system shown in Figure 7 can be called base station-terminal dual-base mode, base station-terminal dual-base sensing mode, network device-terminal dual-base mode, network device-terminal dual-base sensing mode, or downlink sensing mode.

[0137] In the dual-base system shown in Figure 7, base station 120, acting as an HCS node, also possesses sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also transmit sensing signals to perceive the surrounding environment. The sensing signals transmitted by base station 120 are reflected by sensing targets in the environment, and the echo signals reflected by these targets are received by terminal 110. Terminal 110 then performs sensing measurements on the echo signals to obtain the sensing results. For example, terminal 110 can determine the location and speed of the sensing target.

[0138] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of another dual-base system provided in an embodiment of this application. The sensing mode adopted by the dual-base system shown in Figure 8 can be called terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base sensing mode, or sidelink sensing mode.

[0139] As shown in Figure 8, terminal 110 establishes a wireless link connection with base station 120. Terminal 110 can send uplink data to base station 120, and base station 120 can send downlink data to terminal 110. The signal between terminal 110 and base station 120 can be called a communication signal. Base station 120 can use the communication signal to indicate or configure wireless resources for terminal 110. These wireless resources are used for sensing and / or communication. In the dual-base system shown in Figure 8, terminal 110, as an HCS node, also has sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also send sensing signals to sense the surrounding environment. For example, terminal 110 can send sensing signals to the surrounding environment. After the sensing signal is reflected by a sensing target in the environment, terminal 130 receives the echo signal reflected by the sensing target. Then, terminal 130 performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing result. For example, terminal 130 can determine the location and speed of the sensing target and inform terminal 110 of the sensing result through base station 120.

[0140] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of another dual-base system provided in an embodiment of this application. The sensing mode adopted by the dual-base system shown in Figure 9 can be called base station-base station dual-base mode, base station-base station dual-base sensing mode, network device-network device dual-base mode, network device-network device dual-base sensing mode, or cross-link sensing mode.

[0141] As shown in Figure 9, base station 120 and base station 140 establish a communication connection. Base station 120 and base station 140 can negotiate radio resources through this connection, which are used for sensing and / or communication. In the dual-base system shown in Figure 9, base station 120, as an HCS node, also possesses sensing capabilities. While communicating, it can also transmit sensing signals to perceive the surrounding environment. For example, base station 120 can transmit sensing signals to the surrounding environment. After the sensing signals are reflected by a target in the environment, base station 140 receives the echo signal reflected by the target. Then, base station 140 performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing result. For example, base station 140 can determine the location and speed of the target.

[0142] In various embodiments of this application, the term "sensing target" can refer to various tangible objects in the environment that can reflect electromagnetic waves, such as mountains, forests, or buildings, and can also include movable objects such as vehicles, drones, pedestrians, and terminal devices. The sensing target can also be referred to as a target, a sensed target, a detected target, a sensed object, a detected object, or a sensed device, etc., and the embodiments of this application do not limit this terminology.

[0143] The term "sensing signal" can also be called a detection signal, linear frequency modulated signal, radar signal, radar sensing signal, radar detection signal, or environmental sensing signal, etc. A sensing signal can be a pulse signal or a signal from a wireless communication system. For example, a sensing signal can be an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal obtained by modulating a specific sequence on a subcarrier. This specific sequence can be any of the following sequences: Zadoff-Chu sequence (ZC sequence), CPM sequence, pseudo-random sequence, predefined sequence, etc. Among these, the pseudo-random sequence can be the longest linear feedback shift register sequence (m-sequence), the Gold sequence, etc., and the predefined sequence can be random data symbols, for example, random data symbols modulated by quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), etc.

[0144] Optionally, when the above-mentioned sensing signal is used for communication, the sensing signal can also be called an HCS signal. It can be understood that the HCS signal can carry communication data or reference signal sequences transmitted between communication devices.

[0145] For ease of description, a piece of information can be used to identify the sensing mode described above. Optionally, this information can be called sensing station type (sensingStaticType) information. The meanings of different values ​​of sensingStaticType are shown in Table 3.

[0146] Table 3

[0147] In Table 3, when the value of sensingStaticType is 0, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the base station single-base mode; when the value of sensingStaticType is 1, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the base station-base station dual-base mode; when the value of sensingStaticType is 2, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the base station-terminal dual-base mode; when the value of sensingStaticType is 3, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the terminal-base station dual-base mode; when the value of sensingStaticType is 4, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the terminal single-base mode; and when the value of sensingStaticType is 5, it indicates that the sensing fusion system adopts the terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0148] This application focuses on the sensing mode involving the terminal, that is, the case where the value of sensingStaticType is 2, 3, 4 or 5.

[0149] (3) Sensing and communication functions.

[0150] Typically, because the signal quality required for sensing functions is higher than that required for communication functions, the sensing range of a base station or terminal is smaller than its communication range. On the other hand, because the transmission power of a base station is generally much higher than that of a terminal, the coverage area of ​​the downlink signal is larger than the coverage area of ​​the uplink signal. The relationship between the coverage areas of communication signals and sensing signals is illustrated below using Figure 10 as an example.

[0151] As shown in Figure 10, from the perspective of the base station, the communication area and the sensing area are roughly circular. For downlink communication signals, the coverage area is the largest, as shown in area A; for uplink communication signals, the coverage area is smaller than area A, but larger than the coverage areas of both uplink and downlink sensing signals, as shown in area B; for downlink sensing signals, the coverage area is smaller than area B, but larger than the coverage area of ​​uplink sensing signals, as shown in area C; and for uplink sensing signals, the coverage area is the smallest, as shown in area D.

[0152] It should be noted that Figure 10 is an example and not a limitation. Due to various factors in the real environment (e.g., obstruction), the coverage area of ​​communication signals and sensing signals may not be as shown in Figure 10.

[0153] When the terminal is located in different areas, the communication and sensing functions will have different states.

[0154] When the terminal is located outside area A, due to the excessive distance, the terminal and the base station cannot receive each other's communication signals or sensing signals. In this case, the terminal's downlink communication function, uplink communication function, downlink sensing function, and uplink sensing function are all unavailable. Optionally, the terminal's downlink sensing function refers to the terminal's ability to obtain the state of the sensed target (e.g., position and velocity) by receiving sensing signals from the base station, and the terminal's uplink sensing function refers to the terminal's ability to send sensing signals to the base station to measure the state of the sensed target. The descriptions of downlink and uplink sensing functions in the following text can be found here and will not be repeated here.

[0155] When the terminal is located within area A and outside area B, the terminal can receive communication signals sent by the base station, but the base station cannot receive communication signals sent by the terminal, and neither the terminal nor the base station can receive each other's sensing signals. In this situation, the terminal's downlink communication function is available, but the terminal's uplink communication function, downlink sensing function, and uplink sensing function are all unavailable.

[0156] When the terminal is located within area B and outside area C, the terminal and the base station can receive each other's communication signals, but neither can receive each other's sensing signals. In this case, the terminal's downlink and uplink communication functions are available, but its downlink and uplink sensing functions are unavailable.

[0157] When the terminal is located within area C and outside area D, the terminal and the base station can receive each other's communication signals, and the terminal can receive the sensing signals sent by the base station, but the base station cannot receive the sensing signals sent by the terminal. In this case, the terminal's downlink communication function, uplink communication function, and downlink sensing function are available, but the terminal's uplink sensing function is unavailable.

[0158] When the terminal is located within area D, due to the close proximity, the terminal and the base station can receive each other's communication signals and sensing signals. In this case, the terminal's downlink communication function, uplink communication function, downlink sensing function, and uplink sensing function are all available.

[0159] In the example shown in Figure 10, being able to receive communication signals means being able to receive signals that meet the requirements of communication services, and being able to receive sensing signals means being able to receive signals that meet the requirements of sensing services.

[0160] The availability of a terminal's sensing and communication functions can be identified using a 4-bit information flag. Optionally, this information can be called UE Sensing Service State (ueSensingServiceState), and the meanings of different values ​​of ueSensingServiceState are shown in Table 4.

[0161] Table 4

[0162] In Table 4, √ indicates that the communication or sensing functions are available, and × indicates that the communication or sensing functions are unavailable. The following explanation uses the values ​​of ueSensingServiceState as 0000, 0001, 0011, 0111, or 1111 as examples to illustrate Table 4.

[0163] When the value of ueSensingServiceState is 0000, it indicates that the terminal's uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function are all unavailable. This value corresponds to the case where the terminal is located outside region A in Figure 10.

[0164] When the value of ueSensingServiceState is 0001, it indicates that the terminal's uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, and uplink communication function are all unavailable, while the terminal's downlink communication function is available. This value corresponds to the case in Figure 10 where the terminal is located within area A but outside area B.

[0165] When the value of ueSensingServiceState is 0011, it indicates that the terminal's uplink and downlink sensing functions are unavailable, but the terminal's uplink and downlink communication functions are available. This value corresponds to the case in Figure 10 where the terminal is located within area B but outside area C.

[0166] When the value of ueSensingServiceState is 0111, it indicates that the terminal's uplink sensing function is unavailable, while the terminal's downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function are available. This value corresponds to the case in Figure 10 where the terminal is located within area C but outside area D.

[0167] When the value of ueSensingServiceState is 1111, it indicates that the terminal's uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function are all available. This value corresponds to the case where the terminal is located in region D in Figure 10.

[0168] Furthermore, Table 4 is an example and not a limitation. Alternatively, several tables shown below (Tables 5-1 and 5-2, or Tables 6-1 and 6-2) may be used to represent the cases shown in Figure 10.

[0169] Table 5-1

[0170] Table 5-2

[0171] In Table 5-1, √ indicates that the sensing function is available, and × indicates that the sensing function is unavailable. In Table 5-2, √ indicates that the communication function is available, and × indicates that the communication function is unavailable.

[0172] The terminal or base station can use Table 5-1 alone to determine whether the terminal's sensing function is available, or it can combine Table 5-1 and Table 5-2 to determine whether the terminal's sensing function and communication function are available.

[0173] For example, when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function of the terminal are all unavailable, it can send ueSensingServiceState(00) and ueCommunicationServiceState(00) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, and uplink communication function of the terminal are unavailable, and the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, it can send ueSensingServiceState(00) and ueCommunicationServiceState(01) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function and downlink sensing function of the terminal are unavailable, and the uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are available, it can send ueSensingServiceState(00) and ueCommunicationServiceState(01) to the terminal. Send ueSensingServiceState(00) and ueCommunicationServiceState(11); When the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function of the terminal is unavailable, and the downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are available, it can send ueSensingServiceState(01) and ueCommunicationServiceState(11) to the terminal; When the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are all available, it can send ueSensingServiceState(11) and ueCommunicationServiceState(11) to the terminal.

[0174] Optionally, ueSensingServiceState and ueCommunicationServiceState can be sent simultaneously or separately.

[0175] Table 6-1

[0176] Table 6-2

[0177] In Table 6-1, √ indicates that the uplink sensing or uplink communication function is available, and × indicates that the uplink sensing or uplink communication function is unavailable. In Table 6-2, √ indicates that the downlink sensing or downlink communication function is available, and × indicates that the downlink sensing or downlink communication function is unavailable.

[0178] The terminal or base station can use Tables 6-1 and 6-2 alone to determine whether the terminal's sensing and communication functions are available, or it can combine Tables 6-1 and 6-2 to determine whether the terminal's sensing and communication functions are available.

[0179] For example, when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function of the terminal are all unavailable, it can send ueUplinkServiceState(00) and ueDownlinkServiceState(00) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, and uplink communication function of the terminal are unavailable, and the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, it can send ueUplinkServiceState(00) and ueDownlinkServiceState(01) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function and downlink sensing function of the terminal are unavailable, and the uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are available, it can... Send ueUplinkServiceState(01) and ueDownlinkServiceState(01) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function of the terminal is unavailable, and the downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are available, it can send ueUplinkServiceState(01) and ueDownlinkServiceState(11) to the terminal; when the base station determines through measurement that the uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function of the terminal are all available, it can send ueUplinkServiceState(11) and ueDownlinkServiceState(11) to the terminal.

[0180] Optionally, ueUplinkServiceState and ueDownlinkServiceState can be sent simultaneously or separately.

[0181] In the tables shown above, the "decimal" column and the "binary" column can both exist, or only one can exist. The representation of "decimal" and "binary" can be present or absent. The order of columns and rows in the tables can also be other orders.

[0182] It should also be noted that the tables actually used in the perception business may contain some of the content from the tables shown above.

[0183] For example, in some scenarios (such as low-power terminal scenarios), only downlink sensing functionality is designed, so the tables used in these scenarios may not include the "uplink sensing functionality" column in Table 4; in other scenarios (such as low-power satellite scenarios), only uplink sensing functionality is designed, so the tables used in these scenarios may not include the "downlink sensing functionality" column in Table 4. Some rows in Table 4 can also be deleted according to actual needs.

[0184] Similar situations exist in Tables 5-1, 5-2, 6-1, and 6-2, where some rows or columns can be deleted according to actual needs.

[0185] As shown in Table 4, there are 16 combinations of the terminal's perception service state (i.e., whether the perception function is available) and communication service state (i.e., whether the communication function is available), each corresponding to a scenario. The terminal participates in four perception modes, each with different characteristics. Determining the appropriate perception mode for the current scenario is a problem that needs to be solved.

[0186] The following describes a method for determining a sensing mode provided by embodiments of this application.

[0187] As shown in Figure 11, method 1100 can be executed by a terminal or network device, or method 1100 can be executed by a chip applied to a terminal or network device, wherein the network device can be a base station, SF, LMF, GMLC, or AMF. Method 1100 includes the following:

[0188] S1110, Obtain the sensing service status of the terminal, which indicates whether the uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function of the terminal are available.

[0189] For the execution device of method 1100, there are two ways to obtain the terminal's sensing service status: one is to obtain the channel measurement results and determine the sensing service status based on the channel measurement results; the other is to receive information indicating the sensing service status from other devices. These two methods are described below.

[0190] Method 1: Determine the sensing service status based on channel measurement results.

[0191] The terminal and base station can measure the uplink channel to obtain the uplink channel measurement results, and determine whether the terminal's uplink sensing function is available based on the uplink channel measurement results. Optionally, the terminal and base station can also determine whether the uplink communication function is available based on the uplink channel measurement results.

[0192] The terminal and base station can also measure the downlink channel to obtain downlink channel measurement results, and determine whether the terminal's downlink sensing function is available based on the downlink channel measurement results. Optionally, the terminal and base station can also determine whether the downlink communication function is available based on the downlink channel measurement results.

[0193] For core network equipment such as SF, it can perform the following actions: receiving uplink channel measurement results from the terminal and / or the base station, and / or receiving downlink channel measurement results from the terminal and / or the base station. SF core network equipment can determine whether the uplink sensing function of the terminal is available based on the uplink channel measurement results, and determine whether the downlink sensing function of the terminal is available based on the downlink channel measurement results. Optionally, SF core network equipment can also determine whether the uplink communication function is available based on the uplink channel measurement results, and determine whether the downlink communication function is available based on the downlink channel measurement results.

[0194] The following example, with reference to Figure 12, illustrates how to determine whether a terminal's sensing and communication functions are available.

[0195] S1210, downlink channel measurement.

[0196] For example, a base station can send a positioning reference signal (PRS) to a terminal. The PRS reaches the terminal after being transmitted through a wireless channel. The PRS reaching the terminal includes a line-of-sight (LOS) portion and a non-line-of-sight (NLOS) portion. The LOS portion is the PRS that arrives directly at the base station without being refracted by the environment, while the NLOS portion is the PRS that arrives after being refracted by the environment. The LOS portion does not carry sensing information, while the NLOS portion does. The terminal can determine its downlink sensing capability based on the NLOS portion and its downlink communication capability based on both the LOS and NLOS portions.

[0197] Optionally, the terminal can send the PRS measurement results to the base station or SF, and the base station or SF can determine whether the terminal's uplink sensing function and uplink communication function are available based on the PRS measurement results.

[0198] S1220, uplink channel measurement.

[0199] For example, a terminal can send a sounding reference signal (SRS) to a base station. The SRS reaches the base station after being transmitted through a wireless channel. The SRS reaching the base station includes a Limiting Optical Surface (LOS) portion and a Novel Linked Optical Surface (NLOS) portion. The LOS portion is the SRS that reaches the base station directly without being refracted by the environment, while the NLOS portion is the SRS that reaches the base station after being refracted by the environment. The LOS portion does not carry sensing information, while the NLOS portion does. The base station can determine the terminal's uplink sensing capability based on the NLOS portion and determine the terminal's uplink communication capability based on the LOS and NLOS portions.

[0200] Optionally, the base station can send the SRS measurement results to the terminal or SF and other equipment, and the terminal or SF and other equipment can determine whether the uplink sensing function and uplink communication function of the terminal are available based on the SRS measurement results.

[0201] S1210 and S1220 can be executed simultaneously or at different times. The embodiments of this application do not limit the execution order of S1210 and S1220.

[0202] Terminals and base stations can also determine whether the terminal's sensing and communication functions are available based on signals other than SRS and PRS, but the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0203] S1230, determine whether the terminal's sensing and communication functions are available.

[0204] The availability of the terminal's sensing and communication functions can be determined based on one or more of the following parameters: channel quality indicator (CQI), pre-coding matrix indicator, rank indication (RI), modulation and coding scheme (MCS), reference signal receiving power (RSRP), and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific parameters used to determine the availability of the terminal's sensing and communication functions.

[0205] The following section uses CQI as an example to introduce S1230.

[0206] For example, a perception threshold S and a communication threshold C associated with CQI can be set, where S is greater than C. If the CQI of the PRS is greater than or equal to S, it indicates that the downlink channel quality is good, and the downlink perception and downlink communication capabilities of the terminal can be determined to be available. If the CQI of the PRS is greater than or equal to C, and the CQI of the PRS is less than S, it indicates that the downlink channel quality is average, and the downlink perception capability of the terminal can be determined to be unavailable while the downlink communication capability is available. If the CQI of the PRS is less than C, it indicates that the downlink channel quality is poor, and the downlink perception and downlink communication capabilities of the terminal can be determined to be unavailable.

[0207] Similarly, if the CQI of the SRS is greater than or equal to S, it indicates that the uplink channel quality is good, and the uplink sensing capability and uplink communication capability of the terminal can be determined to be available; if the CQI of the SRS is greater than or equal to C, and the CQI of the PRS is less than S, it indicates that the uplink channel quality is average, and the uplink sensing capability of the terminal can be determined to be unavailable while the uplink communication capability is available; if the CQI of the SRS is less than C, it indicates that the uplink channel quality is poor, and the uplink sensing capability and uplink communication capability of the terminal can be determined to be unavailable.

[0208] When the uplink sensing function is unavailable, the value of UL-S can be determined to be 0; when the uplink sensing function is available, the value of UL-S can be determined to be 1. UL-S is a bit indicating whether the uplink sensing function is available.

[0209] When downlink sensing is unavailable, the value of DL-S can be determined to be 0; when uplink sensing is available, the value of DL-S can be determined to be 1. DL-S is a bit indicating whether downlink sensing is available.

[0210] When the uplink communication function is unavailable, the value of UL-C can be determined to be 0; when the uplink communication function is available, the value of UL-C can be determined to be 1. UL-C is a bit indicating whether the uplink communication function is available.

[0211] When downlink communication is unavailable, the value of DL-C is 0; when downlink communication is available, the value of DL-C is 1. DL-C is a bit indicating whether downlink communication is available.

[0212] Finally, based on the values ​​of the four bits UL-S, DL-S, UL-C, and DL-C, the sensing service state (ueSensingServiceState) can be obtained. The specific values ​​of the sensing service state and the meaning of each value can be found in Table 4.

[0213] Optionally, terminals, base stations, or SF6 devices can also generate the sensing service status using Table 5-1, or terminals, base stations, or SF6 devices can also generate the sensing service status using Tables 6-1 and 6-2.

[0214] Method 2: Receive information indicating the status of the sensing service from other devices.

[0215] For example, after determining the sensing service status, the terminal can generate first information indicating the sensing service status; the terminal can send the first information to the base station and / or SF. Accordingly, the base station and / or SF performs the following actions: receiving the first information and determining the sensing service status based on the first information.

[0216] Similarly, after determining the sensing service status, the base station can generate first information indicating the sensing service status; the base station can send the first information to the terminal and / or the SF. Accordingly, the SF and / or the terminal perform the following actions: receiving the first information and determining the sensing service status based on the first information.

[0217] Optionally, the first information may include a first bit and / or a second bit, wherein the first bit indicates whether the uplink sensing function is available and the second bit indicates whether the downlink sensing function is available.

[0218] For example, the first bit is UL-S as shown in Figure 12, and the second bit is DL-S as shown in Figure 12.

[0219] Optionally, the first information may also include a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0220] For example, the third bit is UL-C as shown in Figure 12, and the fourth bit is DL-C as shown in Figure 12.

[0221] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific form or the specific method of sending the first information.

[0222] Optionally, the third and / or fourth bits may also be carried in the second information. The terminal, base station, or SF will transmit the first and second information separately.

[0223] For example, after determining whether the uplink and / or downlink communication functions of the terminal are available, the base station generates second information and sends the second information to the terminal and / or the SF. Accordingly, the terminal and / or the SF receives the second information from the base station and determines whether the uplink and / or downlink communication functions of the terminal are available based on the second information.

[0224] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific form or the specific method of sending the second information.

[0225] The process of generating ueSensingServiceState for different devices is described below with reference to Figures 13 to 15.

[0226] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the process by which a base station generates a ueSensingServiceState according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 13, the process includes the following steps.

[0227] S1310, terminal, base station or SF triggers sensing service.

[0228] The sensing service can be triggered by a terminal, base station or SF, or by other devices (such as LMF, GMLC or AMF), and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0229] When a terminal triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the base station and / or the SF, so that the base station and / or the SF can prepare to execute steps related to the sensing service.

[0230] When a base station triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the terminal and / or the SF (Security Provider) so that the terminal and / or the SF can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0231] When the SF triggers the sensing service, the SF can send notification messages or request messages to the terminal and / or base station so that the terminal and / or base station can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0232] During the triggering of the sensing service, the terminal, base station, and SF can agree that the base station will generate the ueSensingServiceState.

[0233] S1311, the base station sends PRS.

[0234] Once the base station determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send a PRS to the terminal on the PRS resource.

[0235] S1312, the terminal generates PRS measurement results.

[0236] The terminal receives PRS on the PRS resource and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to perception services, such as CQI, based on the PRS. These parameter values ​​are the PRS measurement results.

[0237] After generating the PRS measurement results, the terminal can execute either option 1 or option 2.

[0238] S1313, the terminal sends the PRS measurement results to the base station.

[0239] In option 1, the terminal can directly send PRS measurement results to the base station using the reporting resources configured by the base station.

[0240] S1314, the terminal sends the PRS measurement result to SF.

[0241] S1315, SF sends PRS measurement results to the base station.

[0242] In option 2, the terminal first sends the PRS measurement results to the SF, and the SF then forwards the PRS measurement results to the base station.

[0243] S1316, the base station determines whether the terminal's downlink sensing function and downlink communication function are available based on the PRS measurement results.

[0244] For example, a base station can determine whether a terminal's downlink sensing and downlink communication functions are available based on the CQI value, the sensing threshold S, and the communication threshold C.

[0245] S1317, the terminal sends SRS to the base station.

[0246] Once the terminal determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send SRS to the base station on the SRS resource.

[0247] S1318, the base station generates SRS measurement results.

[0248] The base station receives SRS on SRS resources and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to sensing services, such as CQI, based on the SRS. These parameter values ​​are the SRS measurement results.

[0249] S1319, the base station determines whether the terminal's uplink sensing function and uplink communication function are available based on the SRS measurement results.

[0250] For example, a base station can determine whether the uplink sensing function and uplink communication function of a terminal are available based on the CQI value, as well as the sensing threshold S and the communication threshold C.

[0251] S1320, the base station generates ueSensingServiceState based on whether uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function are available.

[0252] The base station can generate ueSensingServiceState based on Table 4, Table 5-1, Table 6-1, and Table 6-2.

[0253] After generating ueSensingServiceState, the base station can immediately send ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and SF, or it can wait for the terminal or SF to request ueSensingServiceState before sending it. Alternatively, when the base station determines the sensing mode, it can choose not to send ueSensingServiceState, but instead send the finally determined sensing mode to the terminal or SF.

[0254] When the base station sends ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and SF, the base station can perform the following steps.

[0255] S1321, the base station sends ueSensingServiceState to the terminal.

[0256] S1322, the base station sends ueSensingServiceState to SF.

[0257] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific method by which the base station sends ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and SF.

[0258] Optionally, the ueSensingServiceState can be sent in separate parts. For example, the base station can send first information and second information separately. The first information includes UL-S and / or DL-S as shown in Figure 12, and the second information includes UL-C and / or DL-C as shown in Figure 12. The first information and the second information can be sent simultaneously or not simultaneously.

[0259] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the process of generating ueSensingServiceState from SF according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 14, the process includes the following steps.

[0260] S1410, Terminal, Base Station or SF triggers sensing service.

[0261] The sensing service can be triggered by a terminal, base station or SF, or by other devices (such as LMF, GMLC or AMF), and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0262] When a terminal triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the base station and / or the SF, so that the base station and / or the SF can prepare to execute steps related to the sensing service.

[0263] When a base station triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the terminal and / or the SF (Security Provider) so that the terminal and / or the SF can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0264] When the SF triggers the sensing service, the SF can send notification messages or request messages to the terminal and / or base station so that the terminal and / or base station can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0265] During the triggering of the sensing service, the terminal, base station, and SF can agree that the SF will generate the ueSensingServiceState.

[0266] S1411, the base station sends PRS.

[0267] Once the base station determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send a PRS to the terminal on the PRS resource.

[0268] S1412, the terminal generates PRS measurement results.

[0269] The terminal receives PRS on the PRS resource and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to perception services, such as CQI, based on the PRS. These parameter values ​​are the PRS measurement results.

[0270] S1413, the terminal sends the PRS measurement result to SF.

[0271] S1414, SF determines whether the terminal's downlink sensing and downlink communication functions are available based on the PRS measurement results.

[0272] For example, SF can determine whether the downlink sensing function and downlink communication function of the terminal are available based on the CQI value, as well as the sensing threshold S and the communication threshold C.

[0273] S1415, the terminal sends SRS to the base station.

[0274] Once the terminal determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send SRS to the base station on the SRS resource.

[0275] S1416, the base station generates SRS measurement results.

[0276] The base station receives SRS on SRS resources and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to sensing services, such as CQI, based on the SRS. These parameter values ​​are the SRS measurement results.

[0277] S1417, the base station sends the SRS measurement results to SF.

[0278] S1418, SF determines whether the uplink sensing function and uplink communication function of the terminal are available based on the SRS measurement results.

[0279] For example, SF can determine whether the uplink sensing function and uplink communication function of the terminal are available based on the CQI value, as well as the sensing threshold S and the communication threshold C.

[0280] S1419, SF generates ueSensingServiceState based on whether uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function, and downlink communication function are available.

[0281] SF can generate ueSensingServiceState based on Table 4, Table 5-1, Table 6-1, and Table 6-2.

[0282] After generating ueSensingServiceState, the SF can immediately send ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and the base station, or it can wait for the terminal or base station to request ueSensingServiceState before sending it. Alternatively, when the SF determines the sensing mode, the SF can choose not to send ueSensingServiceState, but instead send the finally determined sensing mode to the terminal or base station.

[0283] When the SF sends the ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and the SF, the SF can perform the following steps.

[0284] S1420, SF sends ueSensingServiceState to the base station.

[0285] S1421, SF sends ueSensingServiceState to the terminal.

[0286] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific method by which SF sends ueSensingServiceState to the terminal and the base station.

[0287] Optionally, the ueSensingServiceState can be sent in separate parts. For example, the base station can send first information and second information separately. The first information includes UL-S and / or DL-S as shown in Figure 12, and the second information includes UL-C and / or DL-C as shown in Figure 12. The first information and the second information can be sent simultaneously or not simultaneously.

[0288] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the process of generating ueSensingServiceState by the terminal according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 15, the process includes the following steps.

[0289] S1510, terminal, base station or SF triggers sensing service.

[0290] The sensing service can be triggered by a terminal, base station or SF, or by other devices (such as LMF, GMLC or AMF), and the embodiments of this application do not limit this.

[0291] When a terminal triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the base station and / or the SF, so that the base station and / or the SF can prepare to execute steps related to the sensing service.

[0292] When a base station triggers a sensing service, it can send a notification message or a request message to the terminal and / or the SF (Security Provider) so that the terminal and / or the SF can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0293] When the SF triggers the sensing service, the SF can send notification messages or request messages to the terminal and / or base station so that the terminal and / or base station can prepare to perform steps related to the sensing service.

[0294] During the process of triggering the sensing service, the terminal, base station, and SF can agree that the terminal will generate the ueSensingServiceState.

[0295] S1511, the base station sends PRS.

[0296] Once the base station determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send a PRS to the terminal on the PRS resource.

[0297] S1512, the terminal generates PRS measurement results.

[0298] The terminal receives PRS on the PRS resource and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to perception services, such as CQI, based on the PRS. These parameter values ​​are the PRS measurement results.

[0299] S1513, the terminal determines whether its downlink sensing and downlink communication functions are available based on the PRS measurement results.

[0300] For example, a terminal can determine whether its downlink sensing and downlink communication functions are available based on the CQI value, the sensing threshold S, and the communication threshold C.

[0301] S1514, the terminal sends SRS to the base station.

[0302] Once the terminal determines that the sensing service has been triggered, it can send SRS to the base station on the SRS resource.

[0303] S1515, the base station generates SRS measurement results.

[0304] The base station receives SRS on SRS resources and calculates the values ​​of parameters related to sensing services, such as CQI, based on the SRS. These parameter values ​​are the SRS measurement results.

[0305] S1516, the base station sends the SRS measurement results to the terminal.

[0306] S1517, the terminal determines whether its uplink sensing function and uplink communication function are available based on the SRS measurement results.

[0307] For example, a terminal can determine whether its uplink sensing and uplink communication functions are available based on the CQI value, the sensing threshold S, and the communication threshold C.

[0308] S1518, the terminal generates ueSensingServiceState based on whether uplink sensing function, downlink sensing function, uplink communication function and downlink communication function are available.

[0309] The terminal can generate ueSensingServiceState based on Table 4, Table 5-1, Table 6-1, and Table 6-2.

[0310] After generating ueSensingServiceState, the terminal can immediately send ueSensingServiceState to the SF and base station, or it can wait for the SF or base station to request ueSensingServiceState before sending it. Alternatively, when the terminal determines the sensing mode, it can choose not to send ueSensingServiceState, but instead send the finally determined sensing mode to the SF or base station.

[0311] When a terminal sends ueSensingServiceState to the base station and SF, the terminal can perform the following steps.

[0312] S1519, the terminal sends ueSensingServiceState to the base station.

[0313] S1520, the terminal sends ueSensingServiceState to SF.

[0314] The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific method by which the terminal sends ueSensingServiceState to the SF and the base station.

[0315] Optionally, the ueSensingServiceState can be sent in separate parts. For example, the base station can send first information and second information separately. The first information includes UL-S and / or DL-S as shown in Figure 12, and the second information includes UL-C and / or DL-C as shown in Figure 12. The first information and the second information can be sent simultaneously or not simultaneously.

[0316] Returning to Figure 11, once the terminal, base station, or SF obtains the terminal's sensing service state (ueSensingServiceState), the following steps can be performed.

[0317] S1120, determine the perception mode based on the perception service status.

[0318] After obtaining the sensing service status, the execution device of method 1100 can determine the sensing mode based on one or more of the following correspondences:

[0319] When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0320] When the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0321] When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available but the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode or terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0322] When the perception service status indicates that the downlink perception function is available but the uplink perception function is unavailable, the perception mode is base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode or terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0323] When the sensing service status indicates that uplink sensing function and downlink sensing function are available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode or terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0324] When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are unavailable, the sensing mode is either terminal single-base mode or terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0325] When the perception service status indicates whether one-way perception functionality (i.e., uplink or downlink perception functionality) is available, the terminal can select an appropriate perception mode based on the availability of one-way perception functionality. When the perception service status indicates whether two-way perception functionality (i.e., both uplink and downlink perception functionality) is available, the terminal can select an appropriate perception mode based on the availability of two-way perception functionality. Therefore, this embodiment can determine the perception mode suitable for the current scenario.

[0326] Table 7 provides an example of the correspondence between the sensing service state (ueSensingServiceState) and the sensing mode (sensingStaticType).

[0327] Table 7

[0328] In Table 7, the values ​​in {} represent the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType. For example, when ueSensingServiceState = 0001, the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType is {4, 5}, meaning that the value of sensingStaticType can be 4 or 5. When ueSensingServiceState = 1111, the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType is {2, 3, 4, 5}, meaning that the value of sensingStaticType can be 2, 3, 4, or 5. The sensing modes corresponding to the values ​​of sensingStaticType are shown in Table 3.

[0329] Taking the terminal determining the sensing mode as an example, when the terminal determines that ueSensingServiceState = 0111, it can look up the corresponding set of values ​​for sensingStaticType in Table 7 and determine that the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType is {2,4,5}. Subsequently, the terminal can look up the sensing mode corresponding to {2,4,5} in Table 3, thereby determining that the currently available sensing modes are base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, and terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0330] The terminal can select one of the following as the final sensing mode based on the current situation: base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, and terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0331] For example, if the terminal is currently in a low-power state, it can choose the base station-terminal dual-base mode as the final sensing mode to reduce terminal power consumption.

[0332] For example, if the base station is currently under high load, the terminal can choose either the terminal single-base mode or the terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode as the final sensing mode to reduce the base station load.

[0333] It should be noted that Table 7 is an example and not a limitation. In actual use, the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType can be some of the values ​​in Table 7.

[0334] For example, when ueSensingServiceState = 1111, the set of values ​​for sensingStaticType can be a proper subset of {2,3,4,5}, such as {4,5}, {2,4,5}, or {3,4,5}.

[0335] In addition, the actual table used may only include some of the rows in Table 7. For example, the actual table used may only include the rows containing 0000, 0001, 0011, 0111 and 1111 in Table 7.

[0336] In summary, when uplink sensing is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using sensing modes based on uplink sensing, such as the terminal-base station dual-base mode; conversely, when downlink sensing is unavailable, the terminal needs to avoid using sensing modes based on downlink sensing, such as the base station-terminal dual-base mode. Therefore, the execution device of method 1100, by determining the sensing mode based on the sensing service status, can identify a sensing mode suitable for the current scenario.

[0337] After determining the perception mode, the execution device of method 1100 can also notify other devices of the perception mode so that other devices can prepare resources in advance to perform perception processing.

[0338] Optionally, method 1100 further includes:

[0339] Send a third message, which indicates the perception mode.

[0340] For example, after determining the sensing mode, the terminal can send third information to other devices (such as a base station or other terminals on the sidelink). This third information may include two bits, with states of 00, 01, 10, and 11. 00 indicates a base station-terminal dual-base mode, 01 indicates a terminal-base station dual-base mode, 10 indicates a terminal single-base mode, and 11 indicates a terminal-terminal dual-base mode. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific form or transmission method of the third information.

[0341] After determining the sensing mode, the execution device of method 1100 can perform sensing measurements alone or in conjunction with other devices, and process the sensing measurement report based on whether the communication function is available and the specific sensing mode.

[0342] Optionally, method 1100 further includes:

[0343] When the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved, and / or the sensing measurement results are sent through the side link.

[0344] When the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are sent or received through the uplink.

[0345] When the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved;

[0346] When the terminal's downlink communication function is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, sensing measurement results are sent or received via the downlink.

[0347] In this embodiment, the execution device of method 1100 can select a suitable processing method for the sensing measurement results based on the communication capabilities of the terminal, which can avoid the failure to send the sensing measurement results due to the unavailability of the communication function.

[0348] For example, when the sensing mode is terminal-to-terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are generated by the terminal. When the terminal's uplink communication function is unavailable, the terminal can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the base station or SF when the uplink communication function becomes available. At this time, if the sidelink communication function is available, the terminal can send a sensing measurement report through the sidelink. When the terminal's uplink communication function is available, the terminal can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the base station or SF through the uplink; correspondingly, the base station or SF receives the sensing measurement report through the uplink.

[0349] For example, when the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are generated by the base station. When the terminal's downlink communication function is unavailable, the base station can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the terminal when the terminal's downlink communication function becomes available. When the terminal's downlink communication function is available, the base station can save its generated sensing measurement results and send them to the terminal via the downlink; correspondingly, the terminal receives the sensing measurement report via the downlink.

[0350] The following describes several methods for processing perception measurement reports.

[0351] When ueSensingServiceState = 0001 or 0000, the terminal's uplink communication, uplink sensing, and downlink sensing functions are all unavailable. The terminal can only use the terminal single-base and terminal-to-terminal dual-base sensing modes. Figure 16 illustrates the processing method of sensing measurement reports in the terminal single-base mode, and Figure 17 illustrates the processing method of sensing measurement reports in the terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0352] As shown in Figure 16, the method includes:

[0353] S1610, the terminal determines the sensing mode as the terminal single-base mode.

[0354] The terminal can determine the perception mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0355] S1611, the terminal transmits sensing signals.

[0356] The terminal can modulate ZC sequences, CPM sequences, pseudo-random sequences or predefined sequences on subcarriers to generate OFDM signals, and then transmit the OFDM signals as sensing signals.

[0357] S1612, the terminal receives the sensing signal, performs sensing measurement based on the sensing signal, and generates and saves the sensing measurement results.

[0358] The sensing signal received by the terminal is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, the terminal performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0359] Since the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, the terminal cannot directly send the sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. Therefore, the terminal can save the sensing measurement results and send them when the uplink communication function becomes available.

[0360] As shown in Figure 17, the method includes:

[0361] S1710, Terminal 1 determines the sensing mode to be terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0362] Terminal 1 can determine the perception mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0363] S1711, Terminal 1 transmits a sensing signal.

[0364] Terminal 1 can modulate ZC sequence, CPM sequence, pseudo-random sequence or predefined sequence on subcarrier to generate OFDM signal, and transmit the OFDM signal as a sensing signal.

[0365] S1712, Terminal 2 performs sensing measurements based on the sensing signals, and generates and saves the sensing measurement results.

[0366] The sensing signal received by terminal 2 is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, terminal 2 performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0367] S1713, Terminal 2 sends the sensing measurement results to Terminal 1.

[0368] Terminal 2 sends the sensing measurement results to Terminal 1 via the side link.

[0369] S1714, Terminal 1 saves the sensing measurement results.

[0370] Since the uplink communication function of terminal 1 is unavailable, terminal 1 cannot directly send the sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. Therefore, terminal 1 can save the sensing measurement results and send them when the uplink communication function becomes available.

[0371] When ueSensingServiceState = 0011, 0111, or 1111, the uplink communication function of the terminal is available. If the terminal uses a single-base or dual-base sensing mode, the terminal can send sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. Figure 18 illustrates the processing method of sensing measurement reports in the single-base mode, and Figure 19 illustrates the processing method of sensing measurement reports in the dual-base mode.

[0372] As shown in Figure 18, the method includes:

[0373] S1810, the terminal determines the sensing mode as the terminal single-base mode.

[0374] The terminal can determine the perception mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0375] S1811, the terminal transmits a sensing signal.

[0376] The terminal can modulate ZC sequences, CPM sequences, pseudo-random sequences or predefined sequences on subcarriers to generate OFDM signals, and then transmit the OFDM signals as sensing signals.

[0377] S1812, the terminal receives the sensing signal, performs sensing measurement based on the sensing signal, and generates the sensing measurement result.

[0378] The sensing signal received by the terminal is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, the terminal performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0379] S1813, the terminal sends the sensing measurement results to the base station / SF.

[0380] Since the terminal's uplink communication function is available, the terminal can directly send sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. The terminal can also save the sensing measurement results for its own use.

[0381] As shown in Figure 19, the method includes:

[0382] S1910, Terminal 1 determines the sensing mode as terminal-terminal dual-base mode.

[0383] Terminal 1 can determine the perception mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0384] S1911, Terminal 1 transmits a sensing signal.

[0385] Terminal 1 can modulate ZC sequence, CPM sequence, pseudo-random sequence or predefined sequence on subcarrier to generate OFDM signal, and transmit the OFDM signal as a sensing signal.

[0386] S1912, Terminal 2 performs sensing measurements based on the sensing signals, and generates and saves the sensing measurement results.

[0387] The sensing signal received by terminal 2 is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, terminal 2 performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0388] S1913, Terminal 2 sends the sensing measurement results to Terminal 1.

[0389] Terminal 2 sends the sensing measurement results to Terminal 1 via the side link.

[0390] There are two possible options regarding how to send the sensing measurement results to the base station / SF.

[0391] S1914, Terminal 1 sends the sensing measurement results to the base station / SF.

[0392] Since the uplink communication function of terminal 1 is available, terminal 1 can directly send the sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. Terminal 1 can also save the sensing measurement results for its own use.

[0393] S1915, Terminal 2 sends the sensing measurement results to the base station / SF.

[0394] This situation requires that the uplink communication function of terminal 2 be available.

[0395] When ueSensingServiceState = 0111 or 1111, the terminal's uplink communication function, downlink communication function, and downlink sensing function are all available. If the sensing mode used by the terminal and the base station is base station-terminal dual base, the terminal can send sensing measurement results to the base station or SF.

[0396] As shown in Figure 20, the method includes:

[0397] S2010, the base station and terminal determine the sensing mode as the base station-terminal dual-base mode.

[0398] The base station and terminal can determine the sensing mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0399] S2011, the base station transmits sensing signals.

[0400] The base station can modulate ZC sequences, CPM sequences, pseudo-random sequences or predefined sequences on subcarriers to generate OFDM signals, and then transmit the OFDM signals as sensing signals.

[0401] S2012, the terminal performs sensing measurements based on the sensing signals and generates sensing measurement results.

[0402] The sensing signal received by the terminal is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, the terminal performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0403] S2013, the terminal sends the sensing measurement results to the base station / SF.

[0404] Since the terminal's uplink communication function is available, the terminal can directly send sensing measurement results to the base station or SF. The terminal can also save the sensing measurement results for its own use.

[0405] When ueSensingServiceState = 1111, the terminal's uplink communication function, downlink communication function, uplink sensing function, and downlink sensing function are all available. If the sensing mode used by the terminal and the base station is terminal-base station dual-base, the base station can send sensing measurement results to the terminal.

[0406] As shown in Figure 21, the method includes:

[0407] S2110, the base station and terminal determine the sensing mode as terminal-base station dual-base mode.

[0408] The base station and terminal can determine the sensing mode based on the methods shown in Figures 12 to 15, which will not be elaborated here.

[0409] S2111, the terminal transmits a sensing signal.

[0410] The terminal can modulate ZC sequences, CPM sequences, pseudo-random sequences or predefined sequences on subcarriers to generate OFDM signals, and then transmit the OFDM signals as sensing signals.

[0411] S2112, the base station performs sensing measurements based on the sensing signals and generates sensing measurement results.

[0412] The sensing signal received by the base station is actually the echo signal reflected or refracted by the sensing target. Then, the base station performs sensing measurements on the echo signal to obtain the sensing measurement results. The sensing measurement results include information such as the position and velocity of the sensing target.

[0413] S2113, the base station sends the sensing measurement results to the terminal.

[0414] Since the terminal's downlink communication function is available, the base station can directly send the sensing measurement results to the terminal. The base station can also save the sensing measurement results for its own use.

[0415] The foregoing has detailed the method examples provided by the embodiments of this application. It is understood that the corresponding apparatus, in order to achieve the above functions, includes hardware structures and / or software modules corresponding to the execution of each function. Those skilled in the art should readily recognize that, based on the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed in hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0416] Figures 22 and 23 are schematic diagrams of two devices for determining sensing modes provided in the embodiments of this application. These devices can be used to implement the functions of devices such as terminals, base stations or SF in the above method embodiments, and therefore also have the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments.

[0417] As shown in Figure 22, the device 2200 includes a processing unit 2210 and a transceiver unit 2220. Under the control of the processing unit 2210, the transceiver unit 2220 performs receiving and / or output steps. When performing the output step (or sending step), the transceiver unit 2220 acts as a sending unit; when performing the receiving step, it acts as a receiving unit. The device 2200 is used to implement the function of the execution device in the method embodiment of Figure 11.

[0418] The processing unit 2210 is used to: obtain the sensing service status of the terminal, the sensing service status indicating whether the uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function of the terminal are available, and the sensing service status and sensing mode have a corresponding relationship.

[0419] Optionally, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available and the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available and the uplink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode; or, when the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are unavailable, the sensing mode is a terminal single-base mode or a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0420] Optionally, the processing unit 2210 is further configured to: acquire uplink channel measurement results, which are used to determine the sensing service status; and / or acquire downlink channel measurement results, which are used to determine the sensing service status.

[0421] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2220 is used to: receive first information, the first information indicating the sensing service status.

[0422] Optionally, the first information includes a first bit and / or a second bit, wherein the first bit indicates whether the uplink sensing function is available and the second bit indicates whether the downlink sensing function is available.

[0423] Optionally, the first information may also include a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0424] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2220 is configured to: receive second information, the second information including a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available.

[0425] Optionally, the transceiver unit 2220 is used to: send third information, the third information indicating a sensing mode.

[0426] Optionally, when the sensing mode is a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, the transceiver unit 2220 is specifically used to: send third information to the receiving end, where the receiving end is the terminal receiving the sensing signal in the terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode.

[0427] Optionally, the processing unit 2210 is further configured to: when the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, save the sensing measurement results, and / or transmit the sensing measurement results on the side link through the transceiver unit 2220; or, when the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-terminal dual-base mode, transmit or receive the sensing measurement results on the uplink through the transceiver unit 2220; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, save the sensing measurement results; or, when the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, transmit or receive the sensing measurement results on the downlink through the transceiver unit 2220.

[0428] As shown in Figure 23, device 2300 includes a processor 2310 and an interface circuit 2320. The processor 2310 and the interface circuit 2320 are coupled to each other. It is understood that the interface circuit 2320 can be a transceiver or an input / output interface. Optionally, device 2300 may also include a memory 2330 for storing instructions executed by the processor 2310, or storing input data required by the processor 2310 to execute instructions, or storing data generated after the processor 2310 executes instructions.

[0429] When the device 2300 is used to implement the method shown in FIG11, the processor 2310 is used to implement the function of the processing unit 2210, and the interface circuit 2320 is used to implement the function of the transceiver unit 2220.

[0430] When device 2300 is a terminal chip (i.e., a chip applied to a terminal), the terminal chip implements the functions of the terminal in the above method embodiments. The terminal chip receives information from the base station, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules in the terminal (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the terminal chip by these modules. The terminal chip sends information to the base station, which can be understood as the information being first sent to other modules in the terminal (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the base station by these modules.

[0431] When device 2300 is a base station chip (i.e., a chip applied to a base station), the base station chip implements the functions of a base station in the above method embodiments. The base station chip receives information from the terminal, which can be understood as the information being first received by other modules in the base station (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the base station chip by these modules. The base station chip sends information to the terminal, which can be understood as the information being sent to other modules in the base station (such as an RF module or antenna), and then sent to the terminal by these modules.

[0432] In this application, entity A sends information to entity B, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Similarly, entity B receives information from entity A, either directly or indirectly through other entities. Entities A and B can be RAN nodes, or modules within a RAN node or terminal. Information transmission and reception can be between a RAN node and a terminal, such as between a base station and a terminal; between two RAN nodes, such as between a CU and a DU; or between different modules within a single device, such as between a terminal chip and other modules of the terminal, or between a base station chip and other modules of the base station.

[0433] Embodiments of this application also provide a sensing system, which may include: a device 2200 for implementing the functions of a terminal and a device 2200 for implementing the functions of a base station; or, a device 2300 for implementing the functions of a terminal and a device 2300 for implementing the functions of a base station.

[0434] The sensing system can also be called a communication system, a sensory integration system, or a sensory fusion system.

[0435] Alternatively, the sensing system may be system 2400 as shown in Figure 24.

[0436] As shown in Figure 24, system 2400 includes CU 2410, DU 2420, RU 2430, and UE 2440. CU 2410 includes processor 2411, DU 2420 includes processor 2421, RU 2430 includes an O-RAN processing unit (OPU) 2431, a digital processing unit (DPU) 2432, and an O-RAN RF processing unit (ORU) 2433, and UE 2440 includes processor 2441 and transceiver 2442. Optionally, CU 2410 further includes accelerator 2412, and DU 2420 includes accelerator 2422.

[0437] In CU 2410, processor 2411 can be used to implement some functions of layer (L)2 and L3, DU 2420 can be used to implement L1 and some L2 functions, and RU 2430 can be used to implement L1 calculation and radio frequency (RF) digital functions. Traffic between CU 2410 and DU 2420 can be carried by a midhaul link, and traffic between DU 2420 and RU 2430 can be carried by a fronthaul link. Optionally, DU 2420 and RU 2430 can be integrated as a single unit.

[0438] Part of the protocol stack configured on the DU 2420 can be implemented in software running on the processor 2421, and part can be implemented on the accelerator 2422. For example, computationally intensive L1 and L2 functions can be offloaded to the accelerator 2422, or all L1 functions can be offloaded to the accelerator 2422, while other protocol stack components are implemented in software running on the processor 2421. Alternatively, the entire protocol stack configured on the DU 2420 can be implemented in software running on the processor 2421.

[0439] Optionally, processors 2411 and 2421 can be x86 processors or non-x86 processors. For example, processors 2411 and 2421 can be central processing units (CPUs) or system-on-chips (SoCs), as well as other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. The general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor. Accelerator 2422 supports interconnection with x86 or non-x86 processors. For example, accelerator 2422 has a high-speed peripheral component interconnect express (PCIe) interface pointing to processor 2421 and can connect to other devices via gigabit Ethernet (GbE).

[0440] In the RU 2430, the OPU 2431 receives enhanced common public radio interface (eCPRI) frames from the fronthaul link and implements functions such as fronthaul interface, the lowest level L1 (coding, scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, precoding), synchronization, beamforming, and resource unit mapping. The OPU 2431 can be in the form of a CPU, FPGA, or ASIC. The DPU 2432 is the digital processing unit of the O-RU, which can implement functions such as synchronization, digital downconversion (DDC), digital upconversion (DUC), crest factor reduction (CFR), and digital pre-distortion (DPD). It improves power amplifier efficiency by reducing the PAPR or adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) of the RF front-end. The DPU 2432 can be in the form of an FPGA or ASIC. The ORU 2433's RF processing unit includes a transceiver, up / down converter, power amplifier (PA), low noise amplifier (LNA), and transceiver (Tx / Rx) filters. The transceiver can perform all conversions between the analog and digital domains; for example, RF sampling, frequency conversion using RF, intermediate frequency (IF), and local oscillator (LO) mixing during up-conversion and down-conversion can be performed within the transceiver. It should be noted that the physical and logical partitions within the RF processing unit do not require specific boundaries.

[0441] In addition, the hardware components of the CU 2410, DU 2420, and RU 2430 may also include a chassis platform, motherboard, peripherals, and cooling system. The motherboard may include a processing unit, memory, internal input / output (I / O) interfaces, and external connection ports. The aforementioned hardware components may include software, hardware, and system debugging interfaces, memory, a single-board management controller, and so on.

[0442] In UE 2440, processor 2441 is mainly used to process communication protocols and communication data, control the entire UE 2440, execute software programs, and process software program data. For example, processor 2441 is used to support UE 2440 in performing the actions described in the above method embodiments. Transceiver 2442 is mainly used for converting digital signals to radio frequency signals and processing radio frequency signals. UE 2440 may also include memory and input / output devices. The memory is mainly used to store software programs and data, and the input / output devices are, for example, a touch screen, a display screen, and a keyboard, mainly used to receive user input data and output data to the user.

[0443] Processor 2441 can read software programs from memory, interpret and execute the instructions of the software programs, and process the data of the software programs. When it is necessary to transmit information wirelessly, processor 2441 processes the information to be transmitted and outputs a digital signal to transceiver 2442. Transceiver 2442 performs radio frequency processing on the digital signal and then transmits the radio frequency signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through an antenna. When receiving information, transceiver 2442 receives the radio frequency signal through the antenna, converts the radio frequency signal into a digital signal, and outputs the digital signal to processor 2441. Processor 2441 converts the digital signal into information and processes the information.

[0444] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for ease of explanation, Figure 24 shows only one processor. In actual user equipment, multiple processors may be present.

[0445] As an optional implementation, processor 2441 may include a baseband processor and / or a central processing unit (CPU). The baseband processor is mainly used for processing communication protocols and communication data, while the CPU is mainly used for controlling the entire UE 2440, executing software programs, and processing data from the software programs. The processor 2441 in Figure 24 can integrate the functions of both the baseband processor and the CPU. Those skilled in the art will understand that the baseband processor and the CPU can also be independent processors interconnected via technologies such as buses. Those skilled in the art will understand that the UE 2440 may include multiple baseband processors to adapt to different network standards, and the UE 2440 may include multiple CPUs to enhance its processing capabilities. The various components of the UE 2440 can be connected via various buses. The baseband processor can also be described as a baseband processing circuit or a baseband processing chip. The CPU can also be described as a central processing circuit or a central processing chip. The function of processing communication protocols and communication data can be built into the processor or stored in memory as a software program, which is then executed by the processor to implement the baseband processing function.

[0446] Excluding the chassis platform, motherboard, peripherals, cooling equipment, and input / output devices, the system composed of the various components shown in Figure 24 can also be called a chip system.

[0447] As an optional example, CU 2410 can execute S1110 and S1120 to determine the sensing mode and notify DU 2420 of the sensing mode. DU 2420 can determine the reference signal sequence to be used based on the sensing mode and send the reference signal sequence to RU 2430. RU 2430 modulates the reference signal sequence onto a radio signal to obtain a sensing signal, and then transmits the sensing signal. UE 2440 receives the sensing signal through transceiver 2442, performs demodulation and other operations to obtain the reference signal sequence. Subsequently, transceiver 2442 transmits the reference signal sequence to processor 2441, and processor 2441 determines the sensing measurement result based on the reference signal sequence.

[0448] Similarly, processor 2441 can also execute S1110 and S1120 to determine the sensing mode and, based on the sensing mode, determine the reference signal sequence to be used, and send the reference signal sequence to transceiver 2442; transceiver 2442 modulates the reference signal sequence onto a wireless signal to obtain a sensing signal, and then transmits the sensing signal. After receiving the sensing signal, RU 2430 performs demodulation and other operations to obtain the reference signal sequence; subsequently, transceiver 2442 transmits the reference signal sequence to CU 2410 or DU 2420, and CU 2410 or DU 2420 determines the sensing measurement result based on the reference signal sequence.

[0449] The method steps in the embodiments of this application can be implemented in hardware or in software instructions executable by a processor. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), or any other form of storage medium well known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to a processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. The storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can reside in an ASIC. Alternatively, the ASIC can reside in a base station or terminal. The processor and storage medium can also exist as discrete components in the base station or terminal.

[0450] In the above embodiments, implementation can be achieved entirely or partially through software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented using software, it can be implemented entirely or partially in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, the processes or functions described in the embodiments of this application are performed entirely or partially. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user equipment, or other programmable device. The computer program or instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another. For example, the computer program or instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center via wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium accessible to a computer or a data storage device such as a server or data center integrating one or more available media. The available medium can be a magnetic medium, such as a floppy disk, hard disk, or magnetic tape; it can also be an optical medium, such as a digital video optical disc; or it can be a semiconductor medium, such as a solid-state drive. The computer-readable storage medium may be a volatile or non-volatile storage medium, or may include both types of storage media.

[0451] Finally, the following points should be noted regarding the embodiments of this application:

[0452] First, in the embodiments of this application, the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations are used for ease of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the embodiments of this application. The order of the sequence numbers of the above processes does not imply the order of execution; the execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic.

[0453] Second, in the embodiments of this application, "instruction" can include direct and indirect instructions, as well as explicit and implicit instructions. The information indicated by a certain piece of information is called the information to be instructed. In specific implementations, there are many ways to instruct the information to be instructed. For example, the information to be instructed can be directly instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. The information to be instructed can also be indirectly indicated by instructing other information, where there is a correlation between the other information and the information to be instructed. Furthermore, a part of the information to be instructed can be indicated, while the other parts are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the indication of the information to be instructed can be achieved by pre-agreed upon (e.g., by a protocol specifying the existence of a certain information element), thereby reducing the instruction overhead to some extent.

[0454] Third, the “protocol” involved in the embodiments of this application may refer to standard protocols in the field of communication, such as the Long Term Evolution (LTE) protocol, the NR protocol, and related protocols in future communication systems. This application does not limit this.

[0455] Fourth, "predefined" or "preconfigured" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other information-indicating mechanisms in the device (e.g., a terminal or base station). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. "Storing" can refer to storing in one or more memories, which can be separate installations or integrated into the processor or communication device; alternatively, some memories can be separate installations, while others are integrated into the processor or communication device. The type of memory can be any form of storage medium, and this application does not limit this.

[0456] Fifth, "at least one" means one or more, while "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists alone, B exists alone, or A and B exist simultaneously. Here, A and B can be a single object or multiple objects. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, at least one of a, b, and c can mean: a, or, b, or, c, or, a and b, or, a and c, or, b and c, or, a, b, and c. Here, a, b, and c can each be a single object or multiple objects.

[0457] Sixth, in the embodiments of this application, descriptions such as "when," "in the case of," "if," and "if" all refer to the fact that the device (e.g., a terminal or a base station) will make corresponding processing under certain objective circumstances. They are not time limits, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they imply any other limitations.

[0458] Seventh, in the various embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terms and / or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referenced by each other, and the technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

Claims

A method for determining a perception pattern, characterized in that, include: The terminal's sensing service status is obtained. The sensing service status indicates whether the terminal's uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function are available. The sensing service status corresponds to the sensing mode. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode; or, When the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-terminal dual-base mode; or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available and the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the perception service status indicates that the downlink perception function is available and the uplink perception function is unavailable, the perception mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are unavailable, the sensing mode is either terminal single-base mode or terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Acquire uplink channel measurement results, which are used to determine the sensing service status; and / or, The downlink channel measurement results are obtained and used to determine the sensing service status. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive first information, which indicates the status of the sensing service. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first information includes a first bit and / or a second bit, wherein the first bit indicates whether the uplink sensing function is available, and the second bit indicates whether the downlink sensing function is available. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first information also includes a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method further includes: Receive second information, the second information including a third bit and / or a fourth bit, the third bit indicating whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicating whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The method further includes: Send a third message, which indicates the perception mode. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, When the sensing mode is a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sending of the third information includes: The third information is sent to the receiving end, which is the terminal receiving the sensing signal in the terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved, and / or the sensing measurement results are sent via the side link; or, When the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are sent or received via the uplink; or, When the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved; or, When the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are sent or received through the downlink. A device for determining a sensing pattern, characterized in that, include: A module for performing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 10. A device for determining a sensing pattern, characterized in that, include: The processor is configured to, through logic circuits or by executing code instructions, acquire the sensing service status of the terminal, wherein the sensing service status indicates whether the uplink sensing function and / or downlink sensing function of the terminal is available, and the sensing service status corresponds to the sensing mode. The apparatus according to claim 12 is characterized in that, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode; or, When the sensing service status indicates that the downlink sensing function is available, the sensing mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-terminal dual-base mode; or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function is available and the downlink sensing function is unavailable, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the perception service status indicates that the downlink perception function is available and the uplink perception function is unavailable, the perception mode is a base station-terminal dual-base mode, a terminal single-base mode, or a terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are available, the sensing mode is terminal-base station dual-base mode, base station-terminal dual-base mode, terminal single-base mode, or terminal-terminal dual-base mode. or, When the sensing service status indicates that the uplink sensing function and the downlink sensing function are unavailable, the sensing mode is either terminal single-base mode or terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode. The apparatus according to claim 12 or 13 is characterized in that, The processor is also used for: Acquire uplink channel measurement results, which are used to determine the sensing service status; and / or, The downlink channel measurement results are obtained and used to determine the sensing service status. The apparatus according to claim 12 or 13 is characterized in that, The processor is also used for: The system receives first information via an interface circuit, the first information indicating the status of the sensing service. The apparatus according to claim 15 is characterized in that, The first information includes a first bit and / or a second bit, wherein the first bit indicates whether the uplink sensing function is available, and the second bit indicates whether the downlink sensing function is available. The apparatus according to claim 16 is characterized in that, The first information also includes a third bit and / or a fourth bit, wherein the third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterized in that, The processor is also used for: The second information is received through the interface circuit. The second information includes a third bit and / or a fourth bit. The third bit indicates whether the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and the fourth bit indicates whether the downlink communication function of the terminal is available. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that, The processor is also used for: A third message is sent through the interface circuit, the third message indicating the sensing mode. The apparatus according to claim 19 is characterized in that, When the sensing mode is a terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, the processor is specifically used to: send the third information to the receiving end through the interface circuit, wherein the receiving end is the terminal receiving the sensing signal in the terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode. The apparatus according to any one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that, The processor is also used for: When the uplink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved, and / or the sensing measurement results are transmitted on the side link through the interface circuit; or, When the uplink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is terminal single-base mode, terminal-to-terminal dual-base mode, or base station-to-terminal dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are sent or received on the uplink via the interface circuit; or, When the downlink communication function of the terminal is unavailable, and when the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are saved; or, When the downlink communication function of the terminal is available, and when the sensing mode is a terminal-base station dual-base mode, the sensing measurement results are sent or received on the downlink through the interface circuit. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a device for determining a perception mode, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a means for determining a perception mode, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 10.

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