Devices, systems, and methods for providing ultraviolet (UV) exposure monitoring and feedback

Abstract

The present invention provides devices, systems, and methods for providing UV exposure monitoring and real-time, or near real-time, feedback of said UV exposure to a user.

Description

[0001] Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0002] DEVICES, SYSTEMS, AND METHODS FOR PROVIDING ULTRAVIOLET (UV) EXPOSURE MONITORING AND FEEDBACK

[0003] Cross-Reference to Related Applications

[0004] This application claims priority to, and the benefit of, U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 714,330, filed October 31, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 750,832, filed January 29, 2025, the content of each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

[0005] Technical Field

[0006] The present disclosure relates generally to ultraviolet (UV) radiation detection, and, more particularly, to devices, systems, and methods for providing UV exposure monitoring and realtime, or near real-time, feedback of said UV exposure to a user.

[0007] Background

[0008] The present invention aims to address the persistent problem of unsafe exposure to solar ultraviolet (UV) exposure in everyday life, particularly among families with children, dermatology patients, and individuals with high-risk skin types. UV radiation exposure (UVA and UVB) poses significant health risks to individuals, including the potential for sunburn, skin cancer, and premature aging of the skin. Prolonged exposure to UV radiation, particularly at high levels, can have detrimental effects on human health. Therefore, it is essential for individuals to be aware of their UV radiation exposure levels and take appropriate measures to mitigate risks. For example, families, parents, travelers, and outdoor users need a simple, screen- free way to know when to reapply sunscreen and when exposure is trending unsafe.

[0009] Existing methods for monitoring UV radiation exposure have limitations and drawbacks. Despite broad public awareness that UV radiation is harmful, existing tools are inconsistent, and further lack personalization for a given person based on to real-world behavior. For example, UV index apps (i.e., provided on mobile applications), smartwatch complications, printed UV advisories, and generic sunscreen timers generally fail to account for the actual UV exposure dose on the wearer’s skin as it changes with time, location, orientation, altitude, weather, reflection, activity level, clothing coverage, and sunscreen status. As such, the result is frequent Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 overexposure resulting in sunburn, elevated risk for photoaging, and skin cancers, as well as missed opportunities to balance Vitamin D needs with safety.

[0010] Current solutions have limitations and drawbacks. For example, some UV exposure sensing solutions generally rely on ambient or forecast UV index rather than an effective UV dose hitting a specific wearer’s skin. Such solutions essentially ignore body orientation relative to the sun, reflective surfaces (e.g., water, snow, sand, etc.), and shade from hats / clothing or microclimate conditions (e.g., clouds, haze, wind, etc.). Some current solutions may provide a reminder to the user regarding how long they have been exposed to UV radiation, wherein such reminders are typically time-based (e.g., “reapply in two hours”) and are not dose- or activity- adjusted. For example, such solutions do not actively adapt when a wearer moves from shade to an open field and / or fail to compensate for hyper-localized factors, such as brief cloud cover or the like. Furthermore, smartphone applications (“apps”) and many wearable devices are unable to effectively verify if a UV exposure sensor is actually placed on a wearer’s body, thereby leading to false reassurance and / or unnecessary alerts that erode trust.

[0011] Additionally, parents, family members, or generally caregivers may need to monitor multiple children simultaneously, and existing tools are single-user and lack family-based monitoring or dashboards, shared thresholds, or group notifications for identified teams / classes. Another drawback is that current solutions rarely incorporate habit formation, gamification, or positive reinforcement to drive sustained behavior change (e.g., choosing shade, wearing protective clothing, applying sunscreen proactively).

[0012] Furthermore, current wearable solutions do not focus on the impacts that UV exposure has on skin again and photoaging, which are primarily the result of exposure to UVA. Current solutions don’t attempt to separate the dosage or impact of different wavelengths of the UV spectrum, or provide comprehensive and personalized intelligence on the impact of shorter wavelengths (i.e. UVA) to skin damage and skin aging, independent of the effects of longer wavelengths (i.e. UVB) to sun burning.

[0013] General-purpose wearables are expensive, making them cost-prohibitive for many, while some wearables are simply too complex in use and can be intimidating for certain users, particularly for children. While there may be simple, ready-to-use solutions, such as UV exposure patches and low-cost sensors, such offerings often lack connectivity, history, or intelligence, and are not durable or engaging. Furthermore, dermatology and public-health Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 stakeholders lack standardized, real-world, on-body UV datasets that are granular, anonymized, and linked to context (activity, environment), limiting precision prevention and education.

[0014] Accordingly, existing UV exposure solutions may not provide real-time feedback or personalized recommendations based on individual characteristics and environmental conditions, and thus may generally provide inaccurate feedback to a user.

[0015] Summary

[0016] The present invention addresses drawbacks of current UV exposure solutions by providing multiple unique offerings with improved UV exposure monitoring and feedback capabilities.

[0017] For example, in a first embodiment, the present invention is directed to a reusable and intuitive wristband configured to change physical appearance, particularly changing color, predictably after exposure to a calibrated UV dose, thereby approximating a “time-to-reapply” sunscreen reminder under median midday conditions (e.g., UV Index 4-6) with median skin type (~III on the Fitpatrick Scale) and real-world Sun Protection Factor (SPF) protection versus clinical protection. As previously described herein, families, parents, travelers, and outdoor users need a simple, screen-free way to know when to reapply sunscreen and when UV exposure is trending towards unsafe levels. Apps and smartwatches are inconsistent and not child-friendly, while currently offered UV patches typically adjust (i.e., provide visual indication of UV exposure) too quickly, are single-use, and are not tuned to real-world SPF or UVB-driven sunburn risk. The wristband of the present invention addresses such limitations and drawbacks.

[0018] The wristband is generally a silicone band that provides a controlled, delayed color change or transition upon exposure to a calibrated UV dose, which is accomplished by placing reversible photochromic dyes beneath, or within, a UV-attenuating medium that throttles incident UV reaching the dyes. The effect is a “permanent sunscreen filter” built into the band, as UV still arrives, but at a slower pace, so that the observable color transition correlates with an estimated exposure window. In particular, the inventors determined that standard reversible photochromic dyes (e.g., spiro-pyrans / spiro-oxazines) typically change too quickly in full sun, most transitioning in a matter of seconds. The inventors further determined that slowing kinetics via encapsulation alone is unreliable in high-irradiance conditions, and ultimately not useful in providing feedback to the user about a reasonably safe time in the sun, which with SPF 30 Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 sunscreen can be upwards of 40 minutes for average skin types with an average UVI. In turn, the inventors conceived of the concept of including an additional layer of UV blocking compounds blended above the photochromic layer, the additional layer being able to selectively filter the amount of UV reaching the dye and therefore slow the rate of color change.

[0019] Accordingly, the resulting wristband is able to provide a passive, electronic-free UV-dose indicator with tunable time window, and further provides a child-safe, reusable, color-visible, and manufacturable product. For example, the band is configured to delay the dye’s color change to target window (e.g., 30-45 minutes at UV Index ~4-6). The band is reversible (i.e., color returns off without sun) and is robust (i.e., water, sweat, and sunscreen resistant, etc.), enabling daily reuse. The band can be calibrated to UVB-weighted exposure, improving alignment with sunburn risk versus generic photochromies, as the band may preferentially weight UVB (sunburn driver) in calibration to better match the weighted Standard Erytherma Dose (SED) and Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) guidance envelopes. Furthermore, the band may be manufacturable at scale with two silicone layers or an optimized blend, using commercial dyes and commodity UV-blocking particles (TiCE / AECh / ZnO) - Titanium Dioxide and / or Aluminum Oxide and / or Zinc Oxide.

[0020] In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a modular wearable UV exposure and behavior modification system, comprising a sensor core unit, a detachable wearable band assembly to be operably coupled to the sensor core unit and for releasably securing the sensor core unit to a wearer or articles associated with the wearer (i.e., garments, articles of clothing, equipment, etc.), and a software application designed to monitor, model, and manage a wearer’s exposure to UV radiation in real-time, or near real-time, based, at least in part, on data received from the sensor core unit.

[0021] The system, particularly the sensor core unit, integrates optical UV sensing (via a UV sensor), a three-axis accelerometer for motion and orientation correction, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, and vibration-based haptic feedback (via an integrated vibration feedback motor) to collectively enable real-time, context-aware estimation of UVA and UVB exposure and provide intelligent, personalized, and family-centered management of sun exposure for improving short-term and long-term skin health behaviors. In particular, the system is able to determine a user’s actual UV exposure by combining sensor-derived irradiance data, motion data, orientation vectors, and environmental parameters, from at least data received from the Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 sensor core unit. The system uses this multidimensional data to compute effective UV SED dose and UVA dose and deliver real-time alerts through both a mobile application and on-device behavioral coaching through tactile alerts.

[0022] Unlike prior UV sensors or wearables, the system of the present invention dynamically adapts alerts to the wearer’s movement, orientation, and / or activity, offering true on-body UV dosimetry. In particular, the system delivers a comprehensive, real-time, motion-aware, and behaviorally intelligent solution by combining UV sensing, accelerometer-based motion modeling, on-device haptic feedback, modular design, and multi-user family engagement, thereby redefining how individuals and families prevent overexposure to the sun. This unique fusion of environmental sensing, user behavior analysis, and tactile coaching provides an advancement over current offerings in the UV safety or consumer wearable space.

[0023] Furthermore, the present invention allows for the UV-sensing technology to be incorporated into and used with various wearable accessories, including, but not limited to, jewelry, hair-related products, and other accessories. For example, in one embodimentjewelry and hair accessory products (i.e., charm bracelets, bangles, necklaces, hair ties, hair ornaments, etc.) may directly incorporate the components of the sensor core unit, which includes a custom printed circuit board (PCB) design uniquely shaped and engineered for such products, wherein the housing itself (whether a starburst charm, molten-style cuff, or hair clasp) becomes the structural shell of the device, eliminating the need for a visible casing. In another embodiment, rather than having the components of the sensor core unit directly integrated into the design of the piece of jewelry or hair accessory, the jewelry or hair accessory includes a precision- engineered cavity that releasably secures and houses the sensor core unit within (via magnetic coupling, snap-latch attachment, press-fit means, or the like). Accordingly, a wearer can swap the same sensor core unit between multiple accessories, as it is generally interchangeable between jewelry and hair accessories (i.e., switch sensor core unit from a gold cuff to a resin charm bracelet or a hair tie), providing versatility and cost efficiency.

[0024] Accordingly, the jewelry and hair accessory designs of the present invention are able to distinguish from all prior attempts to address sun exposure awareness and UV monitoring by combining aesthetic jewelry design with functional environmental sensing in a way that merges technology, fashion, and health protection. Traditional wearables, such as fitness trackers or medical devices, are often utilitarian, bulky, and lack aesthetic appeal, limiting their adoption in Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 social and professional contexts, particularly among women and users seeking style-driven solutions. The jewelry and hair accessory products of the present invention solve this problem by embedding advanced UV sensing and communication technology seamlessly into luxury-grade bracelets and hair accessories, transforming them into elegant, fashion-forward objects that people desire to wear daily.

[0025] In another embodiment, the UV-sensing technology can be incorporated into a wristband for a smartwatch. For example, in one embodiment, a wristband may directly incorporate the components of the sensor core unit, which includes a custom printed circuit board (PCB) design uniquely shaped and engineered for a wristband products, wherein a portion of the band itself (i.e., a housing providing along the band) becomes the structural shell of the device. In such an embodiment, the smartwatch may be the computing device operably coupled to the sensor core unit integrated into the wristband (i.e., the smartwatch is running the mobile application) and may be configured to monitor, model, and manage a wearer’s exposure to UV radiation in realtime, or near real-time, based, at least in part, on data received from the sensor core unit integrated into the wristband.

[0026] Brief Description of the Drawings

[0027] Features and advantages of the claimed subject matter will be apparent from the following detailed description of embodiments consistent therewith, which description should be considered with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of a wearable UV exposure detection wristband consistent with the present disclosure, the wristband being configured to provide a passive, electronic-free UV-dose indicator.

[0029] FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating placement of the wristband of FIG. 1 upon a wearer’s wrist.

[0030] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the wristband of FIG. 1.

[0031] FIG. 4 is a profile view illustrating one exemplary composition of the wristband.

[0032] FIG. 5 is a profile view illustrating another exemplary composition of the wristband.

[0033] FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV exposure sensor unit (sensor core unit) consistent with the present disclosure.

[0034] FIG. 7 shows the sensor core unit coupled to a wrist band. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0035] FIGS. 8 and 9 are perspective and side exploded views, respectively, of the sensor core unit illustrating the various components thereof.

[0036] FIGS. 10A and 10B are perspective top and bottom views of the PCB of the sensor core unit.

[0037] FIGS. 11A-15B show various accessories incorporating the sensor core unit. FIGS. 11A- 1 IB show a carabiner clip, FIGS. 12A-12B show a clothes pin, FIGS. 13A-13B show a clip, FIGS. 14A-14C show a clip to be coupled to a strap, such as a goggle strap, and FIGS. 15A-15B show a pet collar.

[0038] FIGS. 16A and 16B show embodiments of jewelry (necklace in FIG. 16A and bracelet in FIG. 16B) having a modular design in which the jewelry includes a precision-engineered cavity that releasably secures and houses the sensor core unit within.

[0039] FIG. 17 is an enlarged perspective view of a bracelet of FIG. 16B, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a decorative enclosure of the bracelet.

[0040] FIGS. 18 and 19 show embodiments of hair accessories (hair tie bracelet in FIG. 18 and hair tie cuff in FIG. 19) having a modular design in which the hair accessory includes a precision-engineered cavity that releasably secures and houses the sensor core unit within.

[0041] FIG. 20 is an enlarged perspective view of the hair tie bracelet of FIG. 18, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a decorative enclosure of the hair tie bracelet.

[0042] FIGS. 21A and 21B are enlarged perspective views of the front and rear portions of the hair tie cuff of FIG. 19, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a cradle / dock member of the cuff.

[0043] FIGS. 22-24 show jewelry (bracelet or necklace) in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated. FIG. 22 is top view of an exemplary bracelet incorporating the components of the sensor core unit directly therein. FIG. 23 is an exploded view of the charm of the bracelet serves as a housing and contains a custom printed circuit board (PCB) uniquely shaped and engineered for said product. FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of the PCB of the bracelet charm.

[0044] FIGS. 25 and 26A-26B show exemplary hair accessories (hair tie bracelet of FIG. 25 and hair tie cuff of FIGS. 26A and 26B) in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0045] FIGS. 27-29 show an exemplary smartwatch band in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated into the band. FIG. 27 shows a top view of the band. FIG. 28 shows an exemplary smartwatch (i.e., an Apple® smartwatch) disassembled from respective ends of the band configured to releasably connect to corresponding connection members of the smartwatch. FIG. 29 is an enlarged view of the PCB of the band.

[0046] For a thorough understanding of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following detailed description, including the appended claims, in connection with the abovedescribed drawings. Although the present disclosure is described in connection with exemplary embodiments, the disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms set forth herein. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient.

[0047] Detailed Description

[0048] In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth by way of examples in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant teachings. However, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present teachings may be practiced without such details. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuitry have been described at a relatively high-level, without detail, in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the present teachings.

[0049] By way of overview, the present invention is directed to multiple unique offerings with improved UV exposure monitoring and feedback capabilities.

[0050] Chemical-Based Wearable UV Exposure Device

[0051] For example, in a first embodiment, the present invention is directed to a reusable and intuitive wristband configured to change physical appearance, particularly changing color, predictably after exposure to a calibrated UV dose, thereby approximating a “time-to-reapply” sunscreen reminder under median midday conditions (e.g., UV Index 4-6) with median skin type (~III on the Fitpatrick Scale) and real-world Sun Protection Factor (SPF) protection versus clinical protection. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0052] FIG. 1 is an exemplary embodiment of a wearable UV exposure detection wristband consistent with the present disclosure. FIG. 2 is a perspective view illustrating placement of the wristband of FIG. 1 upon a wearer’s wrist. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the wristband of FIG. 1.

[0053] The wristband is generally a silicone band that provides a controlled, delayed color change or transition upon exposure to a calibrated UV dose, which is accomplished by placing reversible photochromic dyes beneath, or within, a UV-attenuating medium that throttles incident UV reaching the dyes. The effect is a “permanent sunscreen filter” built into the band, as UV still arrives, but at a slower pace, so that the observable color transition correlates with an estimated exposure window. In particular, the inventors determined that standard reversible photochromic dyes (e.g., spiro-pyrans / spiro-oxazines) typically change too quickly in full sun, most transitioning in a matter of seconds. The inventors further determined that slowing kinetics via encapsulation alone is unreliable in high-irradiance conditions, and ultimately not useful in providing feedback to the user about a reasonably safe time in the sun, which with SPF 30 sunscreen can be upwards of 40 minutes for average skin types with an average UVI. In turn, the inventors conceived of the concept of including an additional layer of UV blocking compounds blended above the photochromic layer, the additional layer being able to selectively filter the amount of UV reaching the dye and therefore slow the rate of color change.

[0054] Accordingly, the resulting wristband is able to provide a passive, electronic-free UV-dose indicator with tunable time window, and further provides a child-safe, reusable, color-visible, and manufacturable product. For example, the band is configured to delay the dye’s color change to target window (e.g., 30-45 minutes at UV Index ~4-6). The band is reversible (i.e., color returns off without sun) and is robust (i.e., water, sweat, and sunscreen resistant, etc.), enabling daily reuse. The band can be calibrated to UVB-weighted exposure, improving alignment with sunburn risk versus generic photochromies, as the band may preferentially weight UVB (sunburn driver) in calibration to better match the weighted Standard Erytherma Dose (SED) and Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) guidance envelopes. Furthermore, the band may be manufacturable at scale with two silicone layers or an optimized blend, using commercial dyes and commodity UV-blocking particles (TiCE / AEOs / ZnO) - Titanium Dioxide and / or Aluminum Oxide and / or Zinc Oxide.

[0055] FIG. 4 is a profile view illustrating one exemplary composition of the wristband. The preferred construction consists generally of a two-layer “optical sandwich” design, generally Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 illustrated in FIG. 4. In such a design, there is a base / active layer (also referred to as a “dye layer”) and a top / attenuation layer (also referred to as a “filter layer”). The base / active layer may generally include medical-grade silicone loaded with reversible photochromic dye(s) (e.g., spiro- pyran / oxazine). The dye may be raw (preferred for control) or encapsulated (polymer microparticles) if needed for dispersion, stability, or partial kinetics tuning. The target visible response may be pink / red for parent-visible contrast, but blue dyes have been evaluated for slower response options. The top / attenuation layer may generally include a clear silicone dispersed with UV-blocking particles (e.g., TiCh and / or AI2O3 and / or ZnO) at controlled loading to achieve 90- 99% broadband UV reduction (optical neutral -density behavior). The thickness and particle % are generally tuned to a target dose-to-color window (e.g., 30-45 min @ UVI 4-6). It should be noted that the top / attenuation layer may be optionally biased toward UVB pass-band (UVA suppression) using spectral selection (e.g., mixed absorbers or “notch-like” fdtering), so the color change correlates more closely to sunburn risk (UVB) than to photo-aging (UVA).

[0056] FIG. 5 is a profile view illustrating another exemplary composition of the wristband. As shown, the wristband of FIG. 5 may generally be composed of a single-blend approach, in which dye and UV-blocking particles are uniformly blended in one silicone matrix, which may allow for simpler molding, but includes broader, but still tunable, kinetics).

[0057] In each composition and construction design (shown in FIGS. 4 and 5), the wristband can be manufactured via known methods, including silicone over-molding / co-molding of layers or sequential casting / lamination. For each band (of FIGS. 4 and 5) a substrate comprising flexible steel or plastic spring band may be used, most notably serving as the core may be a flexible steel (e.g. manganese steel) or plastic band that, at the core, functions as a bistable spring band to allow for secure connection to a wearer’s wrist. Furthermore, a given wristband may be constructed using high-shear mixing for uniform particle distribution and degassing to avoid scattering artifacts. As previously described, the materials may include photochromic raw dye (e.g., Spiropyran, Spiro-naphthoxazine, naphthopyran), and UV fdter compound, singular or mixed (e.g. Titanium Di-Oxide (TiO2), Aluminum Oxide (AI2O3), Zinc Oxide (ZnO)).

[0058] As previously described, the wristband provides a controlled, delayed color change or transition upon exposure to a calibrated UV dose. More specifically, the band can be calibrated to UVB-weighted exposure, improving alignment with sunburn risk versus generic photochromies, as the band may preferentially weight UVB (sunburn driver) in calibration to Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 better match the weighted Standard Erytherma Dose (SED) and Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) guidance envelopes. Calibration can be achieved via lab calibration using neutraldensity (ND) filter stacks and spectrophotometric capture of the dye’s absorbance to map time- to-threshold vs UV transmittance. Spectral isolation can be achieved by evaluating UVA versus UVB contributions using band-pass filters, and, in turn, formulations are tuned to weight UVB more strongly where desired. Real -world SPF derating may be used to derive the band’s target change-time using MED / SED tables for skin type III and assume effective SPF » 2.5-3* for labeled SPF-30 to reflect typical, non-lab application. In use, a wearer exposes the band during outdoor activity, resulting in a color change (or alignment with a printed indicator patch), which signals a “time to reapply” reminder to the wearer. Subsequently, color reverses when removed from UV exposure and can be reused.

[0059] Modular Wearable UV Exposure and Behavior Modification System

[0060] In another embodiment, the present invention is directed to a modular wearable UV exposure and behavior modification system, comprising a sensor core unit, a detachable wearable band assembly to be operably coupled to the sensor core unit and for releasably securing the sensor core unit to a wearer or articles associated with the wearer (i.e., garments, articles of clothing, equipment, etc.), and a software application configured to monitor, model, and manage a wearer’s exposure to UV radiation in real-time, or near real-time, based, at least in part, on data received from the sensor core unit.

[0061] The system, particularly the sensor core unit, integrates optical UV sensing (via a UV sensor), a three-axis accelerometer for motion and orientation correction, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, and vibration-based haptic feedback (via an integrated vibration feedback motor) to collectively enable real-time, context-aware estimation of UVA and UVB exposure and provide intelligent, personalized, and family-centered management of sun exposure for improving short-term and long-term skin health behaviors. In particular, the system is able to determine a user’s actual UV exposure by combining sensor-derived irradiance data, motion data, orientation vectors, and environmental parameters, from at least data received from the sensor core unit. The system uses this multidimensional data to compute effective UV SED dose and UVA dose and deliver real-time alerts through both a mobile application and on-device behavioral coaching through tactile alerts. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0062] Unlike prior UV sensors or wearables, the system of the present invention dynamically adapts alerts to the wearer’s movement, orientation, and / or activity, offering true on-body UV dosimetry. In particular, the system delivers a comprehensive, real-time, motion-aware, and behaviorally intelligent solution by combining UV sensing, accelerometer-based motion modeling, on-device haptic feedback, modular design, and multi-user family engagement, thereby redefining how individuals and families prevent overexposure to the sun. This unique fusion of environmental sensing, user behavior analysis, and tactile coaching provides an advancement over current offerings in the UV safety or consumer wearable space.

[0063] The modular wearable UV exposure and behavior modification system is generally illustrated in FIGS. 6A through 10B. The system comprises a sensor core unit (also referred to herein as a “sensor core”), a detachable wearable band assembly to be operably coupled to the sensor core unit and for releasably securing the sensor core unit to a wearer or articles associated with the wearer (i.e., garments, articles of clothing, equipment, etc.), and a software application configured to monitor, model, and manage a wearer’s exposure to UV radiation in real-time, or near real-time, based, at least in part, on data received from the sensor core unit.

[0064] The system, particularly the sensor core unit, integrates optical UV sensing (via a UV sensor), a three-axis accelerometer for motion and orientation correction, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) communication, and vibration-based haptic feedback (via an integrated vibration feedback motor) to collectively enable real-time, context-aware estimation of UVA and UVB exposure and provide intelligent, personalized, and family-centered management of sun exposure for improving short-term and long-term skin health behaviors. In particular, the system is able to determine a user’s actual UV exposure by combining sensor-derived irradiance data, motion data, orientation vectors, and environmental parameters, from at least data received from the sensor core unit. The system uses this multidimensional data to compute effective UV SED dose and UVA dose and deliver real-time alerts through both a mobile application and on-device behavioral coaching through tactile alerts.

[0065] Unlike prior UV sensors or wearables, the system of the present invention dynamically adapts alerts to the wearer’s movement, orientation, and / or activity, offering true on-body UV dosimetry. In particular, the system delivers a comprehensive, real-time, motion-aware, and behaviorally intelligent solution by combining UV sensing, accelerometer-based motion modeling, on-device haptic feedback, modular design, and multi-user family engagement, Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 thereby redefining how individuals and families prevent overexposure to the sun. This unique fusion of environmental sensing, user behavior analysis, and tactile coaching provides an advancement over current offerings in the UV safety or consumer wearable space.

[0066] FIGS. 6A and 6B are perspective views of an exemplary embodiment of a UV exposure sensor unit (sensor core unit) consistent with the present disclosure. FIG. 7 shows the sensor core unit coupled to a wrist band.

[0067] The sensor core unit is generally the central electronics unit responsible for sensing, computing, and communicating exposure data. As shown, the sensor core unit includes a compact, sealed, and waterproof housing (e.g., ABS or polycarbonate) with detachable interface for interchangeable bands. The size of the sensor core unit is optimized for daily wear. For example, in one embodiment, the sensor core unit may be approximately 30 mm diameter by 7 mm height). The sensor core unit may include magnetic or mechanical locking mechanism ensuring proper optical orientation when docked to a band or accessory (such as a charging dock or the like).

[0068] Referring to FIGS. 6A, 6B, and 7, the sensor core unit may include a UV transmissive window provided on a portion of the faceplate to thereby allow for UV to pass through the window and subsequently be measured by a UV photodiode array / sensor module within the sensor core unit, as will be described in greater detail herein. The sensor core unit may further include a barometric sensor vent to allow atmospheric pressure to be measured (via a barometric sensor within the sensor core unit) for purposes of potentially measuring altitude, which may be useful data in determining the actual UV radiation dose to which a wearing is exposed (UV exposure increases significantly with altitude). The sensor core unit further includes a status LED which may serve multiple functions. For example, the status LED may generally provide a visual confirmation of a connection state, charging state, and / or alert condition (i.e., a UV exposure indicator / meter). In particular, the shape of the indicator system may be a stylized sinusoidal (“S”), and sits flush on the surface of the housing as an element of diffused plastic. Multiple individual LEDS, which sit beneath the diffuser, embedded in the device housing, may be programmed to light up sequentially, creating the effect of a “progress bar,” in order to inform the user they are approaching their “Time to Reapply” sunscreen reminder. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0069] FIGS. 8 and 9 are perspective and side exploded views, respectively, of the sensor core unit illustrating the various components thereof. FIGS. 10A and 10B are perspective top and bottom views of the PCB of the sensor core unit.

[0070] The sensor core unit may include a UV sensor, generally in the form of a UV photodiode array / sensor module. The UV sensor module is configured to measures both UVA (320-400 nm) and UVB (280-320 nm) irradiance and subsequently outputs continuous irradiance values (mW / cm2) and integrates cumulative exposure (J / cm2or SED). The UV sensor module may be calibrated against ISO 17166 / CIE erythemal action spectrum. The sensor core unit may further include a 3 -axis accelerometer for detecting wrist and arm motion, activity level, and device orientation relative to gravity. The accelerometer may further provide tilt angle, motion variance, and dynamic acceleration vectors. Accordingly, the accelerometer enables the UV exposure estimation algorithm of the present invention to estimate the solar incidence angle (i .e., how directly sunlight strikes the wearer’s skin). By tracking movement patterns (e.g., raising / lowering arms, walking, swimming, skiing), the system models realistic exposure conditions rather than static sensor data. The accelerometer also verifies on-body detection - if motion variance and gravitational alignment are absent for a defined period, the device automatically flags “off-wrist” state to pause exposure logging.

[0071] The sensor core unit further includes a microcontroller (MCU), which comprises a low- power processor managing real-time computation, accelerometer integration, UV signal acquisition, and BLE transmission to mobile application. The MCU is configured to execute the UV exposure estimation algorithm, which fuses UV sensor data with motion-derived orientation vectors (e.g. wrist orientation), as well as environmental vectors (e.g. altitude), to approximate effective irradiance on the user’s skin.

[0072] The sensor core unit further includes a BLE communication module, which is configured to sends UV exposure data, motion states, and alert events to companion mobile devices. The BLE communication module further enables firmware updates and remote configuration of alert thresholds.

[0073] The sensor core unit relies on battery power, generally in the form of a rechargeable lithium-polymer cell with at least 5+ days typical runtime. The sensor core unit can further utilize power management modes to conserve on power when necessary. For example, when in Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 an accelerometer interrupt mode, power drain is minimized by waking MCU only when motion or UV change events occur.

[0074] The sensor core unit further includes a haptic vibration motor to provide tactile feedback to a wearer. The haptic vibration motor may generally comprise a compact, low-power vibration motor integrated into the core housing, and is configured to provides instant tactile alerts when a pre-defined UV exposure threshold, time, or cumulative dose limit is reached. The motor may be programmed to provide different vibration patterns corresponding to distinct events. For example, a single short pulse may alert a wearer that UV exposure is rising into moderate range, whereas a double pulse may correspond to a “Time to Reapply” sunscreen warning to the wearer, while a triple pulse may alert a wearer that UV exposure threshold has been exceeded and they should seek shade. The various vibration patterns may allow wearers, especially children, to receive actionable feedback without viewing a screen or having a phone nearby.

[0075] As noted, the system may further include a detachable wearable band assembly. The band system allows the same sensor core to be used with various color, material, and themed bands, promoting daily wear and identity expression. The bands may generally use magnetic or quick-lock mechanisms to securely hold the core in a fixed, outward-facing orientation, ensuring consistent UV sensing. The band materials may include, but are not limited to, silicone (for kids and swimmers), woven nylon (for comfort), and neoprene (for winter / ski environments). The detachable design further serves a functional purpose, as users may reposition or clip the core onto helmets, goggles, or clothing using compatible accessories to measure UV exposure in different activity contexts. For example, FIGS. 11A-15B show various accessories incorporating the sensor core unit. FIGS. 11A-1 IB show a carabiner clip, FIGS. 12A-12B show a clothes pin, FIGS. 13A-13B show a clip, FIGS. 14A-14C show a clip to be coupled to a strap, such as a goggle strap, and FIGS. 15A-15B show a pet collar.

[0076] Method of Operation (with Accelerometer-Enhanced UV Estimation)

[0077] 1. Initialization & Pairing: a. Upon activation, the sensor core unit pairs with a mobile app via BLE and initializes its onboard sensors. b. The app collects user parameters (skin type, age, SPF of user’s sunscreen, activity profde) to calibrate safe exposure limits. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0078] 2. Continuous Data Collection: a. UV sensor records real-time broadband irradiance. b. Accelerometer samples movement and orientation vectors at periodic intervals. c. This enables dynamic estimation of real UV dose on exposed skin as the user moves their wrist or changes posture.

[0079] 3. Alert Generation (Haptic + App-Based): a. When cumulative UV dosage approaches user-specific limits or when UV intensity rapidly increases, the system issues a vibration alert. b. Alerts correspond to thresholds such as “moderate UV detected,” “sunscreen interval reached,” or “high exposure — seek shade.” c. The app simultaneously displays the alert and contextual guidance.

[0080] 4. Behavior Reinforcement: a. Vibration feedback creates immediate sensory association, improving user response and behavior compliance (e.g., moving into shade). b. Children respond instinctively to tactile cues, increasing effectiveness over textbased reminders.

[0081] 5. Data Sync & Analysis: a. Data is periodically transmitted via BLE to the mobile application for visualization, habit tracking, and optional cloud synchronization. b. The cloud engine refines exposure algorithms and generates predictive models for future alerts.

[0082] 6. Power Optimization: a. Accelerometer motion detection triggers sensor activation; when motion ceases for extended periods, the MCU enters low-power mode. b. LEDs are multiplexed at 40fps to reduce power draw. c. LEDs are only visible when wrist is oriented at user. d. Vibration events are brief (<1 second) and consume minimal additional energy.

[0083] The inclusion of both the accelerometer and vibration subsystem transforms the sensor core unit into a context-aware, self-sufficient wearable that bridges the gap between hardware sensing and behavioral change. By capturing motion-informed UV exposure and delivering on- device tactile feedback, the invention provides numerous advantages, including, but not limited Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 to: 1) provides an autonomous feedback loop that increases measurement fidelity by accounting for real-world movement and orientation; 2) enhances user safety and compliance through immediate, intuitive alerts; and 3) creates defensible intellectual property by integrating multisensor fusion, orientation-aware dosimetry, and haptic reinforcement in a single, modular, family-friendly device.

[0084] In particular, use of accelerometer-based motion tracking addresses the common issue in that UV sensors alone cannot typically differentiate direct versus indirect exposure or indoor versus outdoor states. Rather, use of accelerometer-based motion tracking allows the system of the present invention to correct readings dynamically for angle, motion, and activity, thereby improving real exposure accuracy. The inclusion of on-wrist detection addresses that issue in that UV data should generally be considered invalid when the device not worn, while motion variance in addition to an orientation check confirms on-body state, thereby filtering invalid data. The inclusion of orientation compensation, which uses gravity vector and solar position model to adjust irradiance readings, thereby addresses the common problem of when wrist motion may change sensor tilt relative to the sun. The inclusion of activity-aware reminder results in the UV exposure model shortening sunscreen interval dynamically when it is determined that the wearer is exhibiting vigorous motion (i.e., sweat as a result of vigorous motion may remove sunscreen faster, thereby making the wearer more susceptible to UV radiation), while traditional reminders generally ignore exertion. The inclusion of vibration feedback provides the advantage of tactile alerts, which provide instant, screen-free feedback, essential for children, swimmers, or outdoor athletes, as visual notifications may often be missed or require screen dependency. Furthermore, vibration ensures full functionality without data visibility or screen dependency, thereby providing a better alternative to other wearables which depend on visual alerts and may be restricted devices in certain settings.

[0085] In turn, the invention seeks to provide a comprehensive, on-body UV monitoring and coaching system that:

[0086] 1. Measures personalized, effective UV exposure and dosage at the wearer — not just ambient index — continuously and in real time.

[0087] 2. Computes adaptive, context-aware alerts (e.g., sunscreen reapplication, shade prompts) that incorporate activity intensity, time since last application, incidence angle, reflection / altitude, and skin-type profiles. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0088] 3. Verifies wear and context using an on-board accelerometer (and optionally other sensors) to ensure data validity and reduce false alerts.

[0089] 4. Supports multi-user family management and group contexts (teams, classes, camps) through a parent / coach dashboard with simple, non-anxious communications.

[0090] 5. Builds durable sun-smart habits using behavioral design, gamification, and positive feedback loops (e.g., “Shade Score,” streaks, milestone rewards).

[0091] 6. Improves Vitamin D awareness by balancing exposure windows with safety guidance, without providing medical diagnosis or dosage prescriptions.

[0092] 7. Enhances adoption and compliance via a detachable, customizable band system that is comfortable, expressive, and affordable (collectible colorways, seasonal themes, cobranded editions).

[0093] 8. Generates high-quality, anonymized exposure datasets (with consent) for dermatology, public-health, insurance, and research stakeholders to power population insights and prevention programs.

[0094] 9. Integrates cost-effectively (low BOM, low power, BLE connectivity) so families can access the technology at mass-market price points.

[0095] Drawbacks of Existing Technologies and Advantages of System of Present Invention

[0096] As previously described, earlier technologies, such as smartphone UV index applications, disposable UV stickers or patches, and premium smartwatches with limited UV widgets, all share several critical shortcomings, including, not limited to:

[0097] 1. Ambient rather than personal measurement: a. Existing systems measure general environmental UV index values but not the effective UV dose on the skin of an individual user.

[0098] 2. Lack of motion or orientation awareness: a. No prior consumer UV device dynamically adjusts readings based on body orientation or movement patterns (e.g., arm raised, seated, shaded, or reflected light exposure).

[0099] 3. No tactile feedback or real-time alerts independent of a smartphone: a. Current wearables rely on phone notifications or visual indicators that are often missed during outdoor activity. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0100] 4. Single-user focus: a. Most systems are designed for one user at a time; they cannot manage multiple users (children, teams, families) or coordinate exposure tracking in group settings.

[0101] 5. Lack of engagement and adherence tools: a. Prior art does not leverage gamification, collectible incentives, or positive reinforcement loops to build consistent behavioral change.

[0102] 6. Non-modular, high-cost form factors: a. Premium smartwatches and UV wearables are often expensive and over-featured, while low-cost UV patches lack durability, reusability, and connectivity.

[0103] 7. No real-time data fusion or learning model: a. Prior systems fail to synthesize UV exposure data with user activity, orientation, and geographic location to refine personalized exposure thresholds.

[0104] Below is a table (Table 1) listing the distinctive technical features of the system of the present invention. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0105] Distinctive Behavioral and System-Level Integrations

[0106] Beyond its hardware and sensing advancements, the system of the present invention introduces novel human-device interaction models, including, but not limited to: Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0107] 1 . Motion-Informed Behavior Coaching: a. The accelerometer not only improves measurement accuracy but also interprets behavioral context (e.g., playing sports vs. lounging). b. The system adapts reminders accordingly — shortening sunscreen intervals during vigorous movement, sweat-inducing activities, or swimming.

[0108] 2. Haptic Reinforcement of Safe Habits: a. The vibration motor transforms passive data into behavioral triggers. b. Instead of anxiety-inducing alerts, the device delivers subtle cues that nudge users toward safer behavior (e.g., shade, sunscreen, hydration).

[0109] 3. Child and Family-Centric Feedback: a. Visuals, color-coded LEDs, and haptic cues allow non-literate or pre-teen users to interpret exposure intuitively. b. Parents receive oversight through the app without overwhelming children with data.

[0110] 4. Collectible Band Incentive Model: a. Behavioral milestones (e.g., “30 SunSmart Days”) unlock access to new band colors or limited-edition designs. b. This merges physical behavior with digital motivation, increasing device adherence.

[0111] 5. Seasonal and Environmental Intelligence: a. The algorithm adapts its UV exposure thresholds to seasonal variation (e.g., higher reflection factors on snow, higher direct exposure at the equator). b. Traditional UV tools use static thresholds, failing in environments like ski slopes or tropical water activities.

[0112] 6. Offline Autonomy: a. The accelerometer and UV sensors operate independently of a paired phone, ensuring data continuity during swimming, sports, or travel. b. Haptic alerts function even when Bluetooth is disconnected.

[0113] Distinctive Engineering and Design Principles

[0114] 1. Sensor Fusion Engine: Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 a. Proprietary algorithm fuses three primary data channels — UV irradiance, motion / orientation, and environmental context — to yield effective dose estimates. b. This architecture creates an intelligent “UV behavior engine” rather than a simple UV meter.

[0115] 2. User-First Form Factor: a. Modular “brain” system allows easy upgrades, accessory reuse, and sustainable production. b. Unlike most fitness devices, the sensor core unit’s design prioritizes comfort, safety, and affordability for all ages.

[0116] 3. Data Utility for Science and Society: a. With user consent, aggregated exposure and behavioral data feed into research dashboards for dermatology, public health, and insurance wellness programs. b. Creates an ethical, monetizable data loop distinct from purely consumer-focused devices.

[0117] 4. Affordability as a Design Feature: a. By focusing on minimal component count, efficient firmware, and mass-molded bands, the invention’s cost structure supports large-scale deployment to schools, sports leagues, and public programs — a capability not achievable with high-cost wearables.

[0118] Representative Use Scenarios (Non-Limiting)

[0119] 1. Parent at a beach receives a proactive prompt: “UV rising and activity high — reapply sunscreen within 10 minutes.” The system had inferred vigorous play (accelerometer), midday sun angle (ephemeris), and reflective sand / water (context).

[0120] 2. Youth soccer practice: coach sees a team dashboard; two players flagged “caution” due to cumulative dose. Parents receive gentle summaries post-practice.

[0121] 3. Ski day at altitude: wearer clips the core to a goggle strap using an accessory mount; the algorithm increases albedo weight (snow), adjusts for elevation, and tightens alert thresholds. Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0122] 4. Dermatology patient shares a monthly exposure report (on-wrist confidence, Shade Score, high-UV minutes trend) that complements clinical counseling that lacked diagnosing conditions.

[0123] 5. Family habit-building: kids earn collectible bands after meeting streak goals (e.g., 30 days with low high-UV minutes), reinforcing positive behavior.

[0124] Measurable Outcomes (Examples)

[0125] 1. Reduction of high-UV minutes / user / week vs. baseline within 30 days.

[0126] 2. Decrease in reported sunburn incidents per household over a season.

[0127] 3. Increase in “Shade Score” (frequency and timeliness of moving to shade after alerts).

[0128] 4. Reduction in “Skin Aging” (monitoring UVA specific impact and adapting behavior)

[0129] 5. Improved adherence (on-wrist wear percentage during known outdoor windows).

[0130] 6. Parent-reported satisfaction (alerts considered “timely and helpful” vs “noise”).

[0131] Compatibility and Extensions (Non-Limiting)

[0132] 1. Sensors: UV sensor (UVA / UVB or broad-spectrum proxies), 3-axis accelerometer (optionally IMU / gyro), optional skin-contact / temperature.

[0133] 2. Compute: On-device pre-processing (tilt, activity states); phone app for ephemeris + weather integration; cloud for longitudinal modeling and personalization.

[0134] 3. Connectivity: BLE to iOS / Android; optional offline logging with later sync.

[0135] 4. Form Factor: Detachable “brain” + bands (silicone, woven nylon, neoprene); helmet / goggle / backpack clips for cold-weather sports.

[0136] 5. Power: Interrupt-driven sampling, FIFO, duty-cycling (e.g., 12.5-25 Hz bursts), target <15% battery impact from motion sensing.

[0137] 6. Software: Family dashboard, coach / clinic portals, privacy controls, consented data sharing, exportable summaries (PDF).

[0138] 7. Manufacturing & Cost: Low-BOM architecture, mass-producible bands, modular accessories to adapt to sport / season.

[0139] Accordingly, in contrast to earlier attempts that offered either passive UV readings or generic health tracking, the system of the present invention delivers a comprehensive, real-time, Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 motion-aware, and behaviorally intelligent solution. By combining UV sensing, accelerometerbased motion modeling, on-device haptic feedback, modular design, and multi-user family engagement, this invention redefines how individuals and families prevent overexposure to the sun. This unique fusion of environmental sensing, user behavior analysis, and tactile coaching forms a defensible, patentable advancement over any prior technology in the UV safety or consumer wearable space.

[0140] Jewelry, Hair Accessories, and Other Accessories

[0141] Furthermore, the present invention allows for the UV-sensing technology to be incorporated into and used with various wearable accessories, including, but not limited to, jewelry, hair-related products, and other accessories. In particular, the present invention is distinguished from prior attempts to address sun exposure awareness and UV monitoring by combining aesthetic jewelry design with functional environmental sensing in a way that merges technology, fashion, and health protection. Traditional wearables, such as fitness trackers or medical devices, are often utilitarian, bulky, and lack aesthetic appeal, limiting their adoption in social and professional contexts — particularly among women and users seeking style-driven solutions. The present invention solves this problem by embedding advanced UV sensing and communication technology seamlessly into luxury-grade bracelets and hair accessories, transforming them into elegant, fashion-forward objects that people desire to wear daily.

[0142] FIGS. 16A through 21B show embodiments of jewelry and exemplary hair accessories in which such embodiments have a modular design in that the sensor core unit previously described herein is housed within, or otherwise secured to, the given jewelry or hair accessory, such that the same sensor core unit can be interchangeable with a variety of different pieces of jewelry and hair accessories. For example, FIGS. 16A and 16B show embodiments of jewelry (necklace in FIG. 16A and bracelet in FIG. 16B) having a modular design in which the jewelry includes a precision-engineered cavity that releasably secures and houses the sensor core unit within. FIG. 17 is an enlarged perspective view of a bracelet of FIG. 16B, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a decorative enclosure of the bracelet. FIGS. 18 and 19 show embodiments of hair accessories (hair tie bracelet in FIG. 18 and hair tie cuff in FIG. 19) having a modular design in which the hair accessory includes a precision-engineered cavity that releasably secures and houses the sensor core unit within. FIG. 20 is an enlarged perspective view of the hair tie Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 bracelet of FIG. 18, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a decorative enclosure of the hair tie bracelet. FIGS. 21A and 21B are enlarged perspective views of the front and rear portions of the hair tie cuff of FIG. 19, illustrating coupling of the sensor core within a cradle / dock member of the cuff.

[0143] This modular sensor core integration design provides numerous advantages, including, but not limited to:

[0144] 1. Reusability & Interchangeability: A single sensor core can attach to multiple jewelry or accessory shells using magnetic or latch systems.

[0145] 2. Universal Alignment: Each housing ensures the UV sensor faces outward via a transparent window or light guide.

[0146] 3. Aesthetic Flexibility: Enables seasonal or stylistic variation without repurchasing the electronics.

[0147] 4. Smart Docking Design: Magnetic or snap-latch retention ensures precise core alignment and easy user replacement.

[0148] 5. Mechanical and Optical Calibration: Maintains consistent UV sensing across different reflective materials.

[0149] FIGS. 22-26B show embodiments of jewelry and hair accessories in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated into the design of a given piece of jewelry or hair accessory, as the piece of jewelry or hair accessory itself serves as the electronic substrate, thereby transforming ornamentation into functional circuitry. For example, FIGS. 22- 24 show jewelry (bracelet or necklace) in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated. FIG. 22 is top view of an exemplary bracelet incorporating the components of the sensor core unit directly therein. FIG. 23 is an exploded view of the charm of the bracelet serves as a housing and contains a custom printed circuit board (PCB) uniquely shaped and engineered for said product. FIG. 24 is an enlarged view of the PCB of the bracelet charm. FIGS. 25 and 26A-26B show exemplary hair accessories (hair tie bracelet of FIG. 25 and hair tie cuff of FIGS. 26A and 26B) in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated. As shown, the jewelry and hair accessories become the housing, with circuit and power architecture embedded directly into decorative forms. Furthermore, the integrated UV Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 sensor placement, light-transmissive pathways, and energy systems are covered within metal or resin-based ornaments.

[0150] This fully integrated design, in which the jewelry or accessory serves as the electronic unit, provides numerous advantages, including, but not limited to:

[0151] 1. Fully Embedded Intelligence: The sensor core unit sensing PCB is integrated within the body of the jewelry or hair accessory itself — no removable components, creating a seamless design indistinguishable from fine jewelry.

[0152] 2. Organic Geometry: Custom PCB curvature enables placement in molten-style cuffs, starburst charms, or clasp ornaments while maintaining photometric precision.

[0153] 3. Invisible Optics: The UV sensor interfaces through micro-apertures or a resin lens integrated into the decorative surface.

[0154] 4. Micro Energy System: Encapsulated micro-battery with inductive charging or magnetic dock support ensures complete waterproofing.

[0155] 5. Form Diversity: Adaptable to charms, rings, bangles, pendants, and hair ties — where the jewelry’s aesthetic shape defines the technology’s final geometry.

[0156] It should be noted that both versions (modular sensor core integration designs of FIGS. 16A through 2 IB and fully integrated design of FIGS. 22 through 26B) share the following features in common:

[0157] 1. Broadband UV Sensing: UVA / UVB measurement through optical calibration.

[0158] 2. Dynamic Feedback Loop: LED and haptic cues provide user alerts at threshold levels.

[0159] 3. Thermal & Reflective Compensation: Proprietary algorithms maintain accuracy across conductive or reflective surfaces. A thermal isolation barrier prevents heat transfer from metallic surfaces that could distort sensor readings, while optical diffusion layers ensure consistent light exposure to the sensor array. The clasp and attachment systems are designed to protect internal electronics while maintaining the form and balance expected from high-end jewelry.

[0160] 4. Cross-Material Adaptation: Works across metals, ceramics, elastomers, and composites.

[0161] 5. Companion App Integration: Optional data sync for history, skin profile, and protection reminders.

[0162] 6. Lifestyle Integration: Aimed for everyday wear, luxury appeal, and fashion compatibility Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14

[0163] Accordingly, the jewelry and accessory aspects of the present invention distinguish themselves through the dual-purpose functionality: they act both as a passive health safeguard and as an active fashion statement. The system provides subtle, user-friendly feedback when UV thresholds are reached, allowing wearers to respond without intrusive notifications. The invention thus redefines the category of UV monitoring wearables by positioning them as aspirational fashion objects that enhance both style and wellness.

[0164] It should further be noted that other accessories may utilize the sensor core unit technology. For example, in another embodiment, the UV-sensing technology can be incorporated into a wristband for a smartwatch. FIGS. 27-29 show an exemplary smartwatch band in which the components of the sensor core unit are directly incorporated into the band. FIG. 27 shows a top view of the band. FIG. 28 shows an exemplary smartwatch (i.e., an Apple® smartwatch) disassembled from respective ends of the band configured to releasably connect to corresponding connection members of the smartwatch. FIG. 29 is an enlarged view of the PCB of the band.

[0165] As shown, a wristband may directly incorporate the components of the sensor core unit, which includes a custom printed circuit board (PCB) design uniquely shaped and engineered for a wristband products, wherein a portion of the band itself (i.e., a housing providing along the band) becomes the structural shell of the device. In such an embodiment, the smartwatch may be the computing device operably coupled to the sensor core unit integrated into the wristband (i.e., the smartwatch is running the mobile application) and may be configured to monitor, model, and manage a wearer’s exposure to UV radiation in real-time, or near real-time, based, at least in part, on data received from the sensor core unit integrated into the wristband.

[0166] As used in any embodiment herein, the term “module”, “engine”, or “unit” may refer to software, firmware and / or circuitry configured to perform any of the aforementioned operations. Software may be embodied as a software package, code, instructions, instruction sets and / or data recorded on non-transitory computer readable storage medium. Firmware may be embodied as code, instructions or instruction sets and / or data that are hard-coded (e.g., nonvolatile) in memory devices. “Circuitry”, as used in any embodiment herein, may comprise, for example, singly or in any combination, hardwired circuitry, programmable circuitry such as computer processors comprising one or more individual instruction processing cores, state machine Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 circuitry, and / or firmware that stores instructions executed by programmable circuitry. The modules may, collectively or individually, be embodied as circuitry that forms part of a larger system, for example, an integrated circuit (IC), system on-chip (SoC), desktop computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, servers, smartphones, etc.

[0167] Any of the operations described herein may be implemented in a system that includes one or more storage mediums having stored thereon, individually or in combination, instructions that when executed by one or more processors perform the methods. Here, the processor may include, for example, a server CPU, a mobile device CPU, and / or other programmable circuitry.

[0168] Also, it is intended that operations described herein may be distributed across a plurality of physical devices, such as processing structures at more than one different physical location. The storage medium may include any type of tangible medium, for example, any type of disk including hard disks, floppy disks, optical disks, compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs), compact disk rewritables (CD-RWs), and magneto-optical disks, semiconductor devices such as read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs) such as dynamic and static RAMs, erasable programmable read-only memories (EPROMs), electrically erasable programmable read-only memories (EEPROMs), flash memories, Solid State Disks (SSDs), magnetic or optical cards, or any type of media suitable for storing electronic instructions. Other embodiments may be implemented as software modules executed by a programmable control device. The storage medium may be non-transitory.

[0169] As described herein, various embodiments may be implemented using hardware elements, software elements, or any combination thereof. Examples of hardware elements may include processors, microprocessors, circuits, circuit elements (e.g., transistors, resistors, capacitors, inductors, and so forth), integrated circuits, application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), programmable logic devices (PLD), digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate array (FPGA), logic gates, registers, semiconductor device, chips, microchips, chip sets, and so forth.

[0170] Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14 referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0171] The term "non-transitory" is to be understood to remove only propagating transitory signals per se from the claim scope and does not relinquish rights to all standard computer- readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. Stated another way, the meaning of the term "non-transitory computer-readable medium" and "non-transitory computer- readable storage medium" should be construed to exclude only those types of transitory computer-readable media which were found in In Re Nuijten to fall outside the scope of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101.

[0172] The terms and expressions which have been employed herein are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention, in the use of such terms and expressions, of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described (or portions thereof), and it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the claims. Accordingly, the claims are intended to cover all such equivalents.

[0173] Incorporation by Reference

[0174] References and citations to other documents, such as patents, patent applications, patent publications, journals, books, papers, web contents, have been made throughout this disclosure. All such documents are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

[0175] Equivalents

[0176] Various modifications of the invention and many further embodiments thereof, in addition to those shown and described herein, will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the full contents of this document, including references to the scientific and patent literature cited herein. The subject matter herein contains important information, exemplification and guidance that can be adapted to the practice of this invention in its various embodiments and equivalents thereof.

Claims

Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 14Claims1. A modular ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and behavior modification system comprising: a wearable sensor core unit configured to be worn by a user and to collect data associated with the user and the surrounding environment, the sensor core unit comprising: a UV light sensor module configured to measure intensity of UV light in both the UVA and UVB ray wavelengths; a 3-axis accelerometer configured to detect motion of the sensor core unit indicative of user motion and orientation of the sensor core unit indicative of solar incidence angle; a vibration feedback motor configured to provide vibration-based tactile feedback to the user indicating an estimation of UVA and / or UVB irradiance exposure and suggested course of action; and a microcontroller (MCU) comprising hardware processor coupled to non- transitory, computer-readable memory containing instructions executable by the processor to cause MCU to: execute a UV exposure estimation algorithm fusing data received from at least the UV light sensor module and 3-axis accelerometer to approximate effective UV irradiance on the user’ s skin; and transmit one or more signals to the vibration feedback motor causing the motor to, in turn, provide tactile feedback to the user when a pre-defined UV exposure threshold, time, or cumulative dose limit is reached.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the MCU is configured to compute effective UV Standard Erytherma Dose (SED) dose and UVA dose.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the data received from the 3-axis accelerometer comprises motion-derived orientation vectors.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the sensor core unit is configured to be worn on a user’s wrist.Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 145. The system of claim 4, wherein the motion-derived orientation vectors comprise a user’s wrist orientation.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a barometric sensor configured to determine altitude by measuring atmospheric pressure.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein execution of the UV exposure estimation algorithm comprises fusing data received from at least the UV light sensor module, the 3 -axis accelerometer, and the barometric sensor to approximate effective UV irradiance on the user’s skin, wherein said data comprises UV measurements, motion-derived orientation vectors indicative of a user’s wrist orientation, and one or more environmental factors including altitude.

8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a communication module configured to wirelessly communicate and transmit data with one or more computing devices over a network.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the communication module comprises a Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) module.

10. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more computing devices may include a smartphone, tablet, or smartwatch.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein, upon receiving data from the communication module, the one or more computing devices are configured to providing UV exposure data, motion states, and alert events to associated users.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein the vibration feedback motor is configured to provide one of a plurality of different vibration patterns corresponding to different alert events.

13. The system of claim 12, wherein a single short vibratory pulse corresponds to an alert to the user that UV exposure is rising into moderate range, and wherein a double vibratory pulse corresponds to an alert to the user indicating that it is time to reapply sunscreen, and wherein aAttorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OtWO 40648 / 14 triple vibratory pulse corresponds to an alert to the user that a UV exposure threshold has been exceeded and the user should seek shade.

14. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor core unit comprises a visual status indicator to provide a visual indication to the user of at least one of a connection state of the sensor core unit, charging state of the sensor core unit, and alert condition concerning UV exposure.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein the visual status indicator comprises a plurality of LEDs configured to light up sequentially to provide the user with a visual indication of a current corresponding level of UV exposure relative to a threshold level at which it is a suggested time to reapply sunscreen.

16. The system of claim 1, further comprising a wearable band releasably coupled to the sensor core unit.

17. The system of claim 16, wherein the wearable band is in the form of a wristband and configured to secure the sensor core unit to a user’s wrist.

18. The system of claim 1, wherein the sensor core unit is coupled to a piece of jewelry or hair accessory.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein the sensor core unit is fully integrated into the piece of jewelry or hair accessory.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein the sensor core unit is releasably secured to the piece of jewelry or hair accessory.

21. A non-electric and reusable wristband for providing ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure detection and feedback to a wearer, the wristband configured to provide a controlled color transition of a layer of material of the wristband upon exposure to a calibrated UV dose of irradiance.Attorney Docket No.: SUNCO-OOl / OIWO 40648 / 1422. The wristband of claim 21, wherein the wristband comprises reversible photochromic dyes provided beneath or within a layer a UV-attenuating medium configured to throttle incident UV reaching the reversible photochromic dyes.

23. The wristband of claim 22, wherein the wristband comprises a base layer and a top layer.

24. The wristband of claim 23, wherein the base layer comprises medical-grade silicone loaded with reversible photochromic dye and the top layer comprises a clear silicone dispersed with UV-blocking particles at controlled loading to achieve 90% to 99% broadband UV reduction.

25. The wristband of claim 24, wherein the reversible photochromic dye comprises spiropyrans and / or spirooxazines and the UV-blocking particles comprise at least one of Titanium Di-Oxide (TiO?), Aluminum Oxide (AI2O3), Zinc Oxide (ZnO)).

26. The wristband of claim 22, wherein the wristband comprises a single layer of blended materials comprising reversible photochromic dye and UV-blocking particles, wherein the reversible photochromic dye comprises spiropyrans and / or spirooxazines and the UV-blocking particles comprise at least one of Titanium Di-Oxide (TiO2), Aluminum Oxide (AI2O3), Zinc Oxide (ZnO))27. The wristband of claim 22, further comprising a substrate comprising flexible steel or plastic spring band that functions as a bistable spring band to allow for securing the wristband to a wearer’s wrist.

28. The wristband of claim 21, wherein wristband is calibrated to UVB-weighted exposure to thereby match the weighted Standard Erytherma Dose (SED) and Minimum Erythema Dose (MED) guidance envelopes.

29. The wristband of claim 21, wherein the wrist band is configured to delay the color transition to a target window of about 30 to about 45 minutes at a UV Index of between 4 and 6.

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