Beam consolidation for event-driven beam report in ltm
By aggregating beam measurements for LTM using RRC parameters, the method stabilizes handovers and enhances network stability by reducing measurement variability and inaccuracies, addressing the instability caused by individual beam-level fluctuations.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-06
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing wireless communication systems face issues with unreliable lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) due to fluctuations in individual beam-level measurements, leading to unstable connections and the 'ping-pong effect, where UEs frequently switch between cells.
Implementing beam consolidation techniques by aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger conditions for LTM, using RRC parameters that set a quality threshold and limit the number of beams considered, thereby stabilizing handovers.
This approach reduces variability and inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, ensuring smoother handovers and improved network stability under fluctuating signal conditions.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130120_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
BEAM CONSOLIDATION FOR EVENT-DRIVEN BEAM REPORT IN LTMTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to enhancements in lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) .
[0002] INTRODUCTION
[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate on a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR) . 5G NR is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) . Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There exists a need for further improvements in 5G NR technology. These improvements may also be applicable to other multi-access technologies and the telecommunication standards that employ these technologies.
[0005] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0006] The following presents a simplified summary of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all contemplated aspects. This summary neither identifies key or critical elements of all aspects nor delineates the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to the more detailed description that is presented later.
[0007] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) . The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, may be configured to receive, from a network entity, a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; and determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0008] In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided for wireless communication at a network entity. The apparatus may include at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory. Based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, may be configured to transmit, to a UE, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; and perform, based on the set of RRC parameters, an LTM with the UE, where a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0009] To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the one or more aspects may include the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims. The following description and the drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.
[0011] FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0012] FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0013] FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0014] FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0015] FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.
[0016] FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example handover via layer 1 / layer 2 (L1 / L2) mobility (or lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) ) .
[0017] FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example LTM based on an aggregation of multiple beams in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0018] FIG. 6 is a call flow diagram illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0019] FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0020] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0021] FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0022] FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure.
[0023] FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example apparatus and / or UE.
[0024] FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an example network entity.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In wireless communication, a user equipment (UE) may initiate lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) to change its serving cell when certain conditions are met. For example, a UE may change its serving cell when the signal quality from the serving cell, measured by, for example, layer 1 (L1) -reference signal received power (L1-RSRP) , falls below a certain threshold. The measurement results based on an individual beam (or beam-level measurement) are susceptible to interference, such as noise, which may cause unreliable evaluation of the trigger conditions and impair the handover process. For example, a common issue with beam-level measurement is the ping-pong effect, where the UE frequently switches between cells due to fluctuations in the measurements of a single beam, leading to unstable connections. Example aspects presented herein provide LTM based on cell-level measurements. Cell-level measurements allow for a more stable evaluation compared to individual beam-level measurements by incorporating the collective performance of multiple beams within a cell, rather than focusing on a single beam.
[0026] Various aspects relate generally to wireless communication. Some aspects more specifically relate to enhancements in lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) based on beam consolidation. In some examples, a UE may receive a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters from a network entity. The set of RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. The UE may further perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, and determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. In some examples, the set of RRC parameters may include a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements. The first number of the plurality of beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement may exceed the quality threshold. In some examples, the set of RRC parameters may be included in one of: an event configuration or an LTM channel state information (CSI) report configuration. In some examples, the set of RRC parameters may include a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a second set of RRC parameters for a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) , or both.
[0027] Particular aspects of the subject matter described in this disclosure can be implemented to realize one or more of the following potential advantages. In some examples, by aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the described techniques reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. In some examples, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the described techniques can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0028] The detailed description set forth below in connection with the drawings describes various configurations and does not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, these concepts may be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.
[0029] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements” ) . These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design constraints imposed on the overall system.
[0030] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the functions individually or in combination. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software, whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise, shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, or any combination thereof.
[0031] Accordingly, in one or more example aspects, implementations, and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, such computer-readable media can include a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.
[0032] While aspects, implementations, and / or use cases are described in this application by illustration to some examples, additional or different aspects, implementations and / or use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, and packaging arrangements. For example, aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may come about via integrated chip implementations and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described examples may occur. Aspects, implementations, and / or use cases may range a spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more techniques herein. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described aspect. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, RF-chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . Techniques described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.
[0033] Deployment of communication systems, such as 5G NR systems, may be arranged in multiple manners with various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system, or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element, or a network equipment, such as a base station (BS) , or one or more units (or one or more components) performing base station functionality, may be implemented in an aggregated or disaggregated architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB) , evolved NB (eNB) , NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , or a cell, etc. ) may be implemented as an aggregated base station (also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS) or a disaggregated base station.
[0034] An aggregated base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A disaggregated base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among two or more units (such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs) , one or more distributed units (DUs) , or one or more radio units (RUs) ) . In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed throughout one or multiple other RAN nodes. The DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CU, DU and RU can be implemented as virtual units, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU) , a virtual distributed unit (VDU) , or a virtual radio unit (VRU) .
[0035] Base station operation or network design may consider aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, disaggregated base stations may be utilized in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O- RAN (such as the network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) ) , or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN) ) . Disaggregation may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as distributing functionality for at least one unit virtually, which can enable flexibility in network design. The various units of the disaggregated base station, or disaggregated RAN architecture, can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.
[0036] FIG. 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communications system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that can communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units (such as a Near-Real Time (Near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a Non-Real Time (Non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) Framework 105, or both) . A CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via respective midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DUs 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via respective fronthaul links. The RUs 140 may communicate with respective UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 140.
[0037] Each of the units, i.e., the CUs 110, the DUs 130, the RUs 140, as well as the Near-RT RICs 125, the Non-RT RICs 115, and the SMO Framework 105, may include one or more interfaces or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or to transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of the units, can be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via the transmission medium. For example, the units can include a wired interface configured to receive or to transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other units. Additionally, the units can include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or a transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) , configured to receive or to transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
[0038] In some aspects, the CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions can include radio resource control (RRC) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , or the like. Each control function can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 110. The CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –User Plane (CU-UP) ) , control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit –Control Plane (CU-CP) ) , or a combination thereof. In some implementations, the CU 110 can be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. The CU-UP unit can communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. The CU 110 can be implemented to communicate with the DU 130, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0039] The DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, the DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation, demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, the DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) can be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 130, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 110.
[0040] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, an RU 140, controlled by a DU 130, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split. In such an architecture, the RU (s) 140 can be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 140 can be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration can enable the DU (s) 130 and the CU 110 to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0041] The SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements that may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface) . For virtualized network elements, the SMO Framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element life cycle management (such as to instantiate virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network elements can include, but are not limited to, CUs 110, DUs 130, RUs 140 and Near-RT RICs 125. In some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate with a hardware aspect of a 4G RAN, such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111, via an O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, the SMO Framework 105 can communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via an O1 interface. The SMO Framework 105 also may include a Non-RT RIC 115 configured to support functionality of the SMO Framework 105.
[0042] The Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 125. The Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 125. The Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (such as via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, as well as an O-eNB, with the Near-RT RIC 125.
[0043] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 125, the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
[0044] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Accordingly, a base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component indicated with dotted lines to signify that each component may or may not be included in the base station 102) . The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for a UE 104. The base station 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low power cellular base station) . The small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells. A network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) . The communication links between the RUs 140 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to an RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from an RU 140 to a UE 104. The communication links may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. The communication links may be through one or more carriers. The base station 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc. MHz) bandwidth per carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. The carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated for DL than for UL) . The component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
[0045] Certain UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use the DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) . D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, BluetoothTM (Bluetooth is a trademark of the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) ) , Wi-FiTM (Wi-Fi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance) based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.
[0046] The wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi AP 150 in communication with UEs 104 (also referred to as Wi-Fi stations (STAs) ) via communication link 154, e.g., in a 5 GHz unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the UEs 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
[0047] The electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency / wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) . Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles. A similar nomenclature issue sometimes occurs with regard to FR2, which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
[0048] The frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR studies have identified an operating band for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) . Frequency bands falling within FR3 may inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, and thus may effectively extend features of FR1 and / or FR2 into mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operation beyond 52.6 GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , FR4 (71 GHz –114.25 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.
[0049] With the above aspects in mind, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “sub-6 GHz” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. Further, unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “millimeter wave” or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.
[0050] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may transmit a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit and receive directions for the base station 102 may or may not be the same. The transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
[0051] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a TRP, network node, network entity, network equipment, or some other suitable terminology. The base station 102 can be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and an RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or an RU. The set of base stations, which may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations, may be referred to as next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN) .
[0052] The core network 120 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 161, a Session Management Function (SMF) 162, a User Plane Function (UPF) 163, a Unified Data Management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. The AMF 161 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 120. The AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. The SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. The UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. The UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identification handling, access authorization, and subscription management. The one or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a Gateway Mobile Location Center (GMLC) 165 and a Location Management Function (LMF) 166. However, generally, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, the LMF 166, a position determination entity (PDE) , a serving mobile location center (SMLC) , a mobile positioning center (MPC) , or the like. The GMLC 165 and the LMF 166 support UE location services. The GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) for accessing UE positioning information. The LMF 166 receives measurements and assistance information from the NG-RAN and the UE 104 via the AMF 161 to compute the position of the UE 104. The NG-RAN may utilize one or more positioning methods in order to determine the position of the UE 104. Positioning the UE 104 may involve signal measurements, a position estimate, and an optional velocity computation based on the measurements. The signal measurements may be made by the UE 104 and / or the base station 102 serving the UE 104. The signals measured may be based on one or more of a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) , global position system (GPS) , non-terrestrial network (NTN) , or other satellite position / location system) , LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS) , sensor-based information (e.g., barometric pressure sensor, motion sensor) , NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) methods, NR signals (e.g., multi-round trip time (Multi-RTT) , DL angle-of-departure (DL-AoD) , DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA) , UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA) , and UL angle-of-arrival (UL-AoA) positioning) , and / or other systems / signals / sensors.
[0053] Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor / actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) . The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also apply to one or more companion devices such as in a device constellation arrangement. One or more of these devices may collectively access the network and / or individually access the network.
[0054] Referring again to FIG. 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 may include a beam consolidation component 198. The beam consolidation component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; and determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. In certain aspects, the base station 102 may include a beam consolidation component 199. The beam consolidation component 199 may be configured to transmit, to a UE, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; and perform, based on the set of RRC parameters, an LTM with the UE, where a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. Although the following description may be focused on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar areas, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.
[0055] FIG. 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. FIG. 2C is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. FIG. 2D is a diagram 280 illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplexed (FDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for either DL or UL, or may be time division duplexed (TDD) in which for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) , subframes within the set of subcarriers are dedicated for both DL and UL. In the examples provided by FIGs. 2A, 2C, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL / UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 1 (with all UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 1, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. UEs are configured with the slot format (dynamically through DL control information (DCI) , or semi-statically / statically through radio resource control (RRC) signaling) through a received slot format indicator (SFI) . Note that the description infra applies also to a 5G NR frame structure that is TDD.
[0056] FIGs. 2A-2D illustrate a frame structure, and the aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies, which may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms) . Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each slot may include 14 or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For normal CP, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for extended CP, each slot may include 12 symbols. The symbols on DL may be CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols. The symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) . The number of slots within a subframe is based on the CP and the numerology. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1) . The symbol length / duration may scale with 1 / SCS.
[0057] Table 1: Numerology, SCS, and CP
[0058] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot) , different numerologies μ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For extended CP, the numerology 2 allows for 4 slots per subframe. Accordingly, for normal CP and numerology μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2μ slots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2μ*15 kHz, where μ is the numerology 0 to 4. As such, the numerology μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and the numerology μ=4 has a subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIGs. 2A-2D provide an example of normal CP with 14 symbols per slot and numerology μ=2 with 4 slots per subframe. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 μs. Within a set of frames, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) (see FIG. 2B) that are frequency division multiplexed. Each BWP may have a particular numerology and CP (normal or extended) .
[0059] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
[0060] As illustrated in FIG. 2A, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
[0061] FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame. The physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs) , each CCE including six RE groups (REGs) , each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . A UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., common search space, UE-specific search space) during PDCCH monitoring occasions on the CORESET, where the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at greater and / or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and a physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame. The SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) , which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) . The MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) . The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
[0062] As illustrated in FIG. 2C, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for one particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may transmit DM-RS for the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . The PUSCH DM-RS may be transmitted in the first one or two symbols of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS may be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether short or long PUCCHs are transmitted and depending on the particular PUCCH format used. The UE may transmit sounding reference signals (SRS) . The SRS may be transmitted in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and a UE may transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS may be used by a base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.
[0063] FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame. The PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgment (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACK and / or negative ACK (NACK) ) . The PUSCH carries data, and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and / or UCI.
[0064] FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a base station 310 in communication with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer packet data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0065] The transmit (TX) processor 316 and the receive (RX) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding / decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The TX processor 316 handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) . The coded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined together using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0066] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they may be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) . The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the base station 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the base station 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
[0067] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with at least one memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0068] Similar to the functionality described in connection with the DL transmission by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) acquisition, RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, and security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) ; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.
[0069] Channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 may be used by the TX processor 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the TX processor 368 may be provided to different antenna 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
[0070] The UL transmission is processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in connection with the receiver function at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to a RX processor 370.
[0071] The controller / processor 375 can be associated with at least one memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The at least one memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
[0072] At least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the beam consolidation component 198 of FIG. 1.
[0073] At least one of the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375 may be configured to perform aspects in connection with the beam consolidation component 199 of FIG. 1.
[0074] A network node (e.g., a base station) may change a special cell (SpCell) for a UE using a layer 3 (L3) handover (e.g., using radio resource control (RRC) signaling) . However, L3 handovers may be time consuming and less efficient. An alternative approach using a layer 1 (L1) / layer 2 (L2) signaling scheme enables a network to change a SpCell for a UE in more quickly than L3-based (RRC-based) methods. The handovers via the L1 / L2 signaling may be referred to as lower-layer triggered mobility or LTM, in some aspects. In some examples, a UE may receive L1 or L2 mobility (or LTM) cell configurations for a set of multiple cell groups, with each cell group containing multiple cells. These cell groups can be activated or deactivated to support L1 or L2 mobility (or LTM) . The UE may receive L1 or L2 signaling indicating a primary cell group (PCG) from one or more activated cell groups, with the PCG including a cell that serves as a special cell (SpCell) . Through this L1 or L2 signaling, a SpCell (or a PCG) can be changed without RRC-based signaling. As a result, the SpCell may be changed in a more rapid manner in comparison to RRC-based signaling. The improved L1 / L2 signaling scheme may also be utilized to perform cell group activation / deactivation for a set of multiple cell groups. Changes in the PCG and cell group activation / deactivation may be performed simultaneously in a single message or separately in different messages.
[0075] In wireless communication, a UE may initiate LTM to change its serving cell when certain conditions are met. For example, a UE may change its serving cell when the signal quality from the serving cell, measured by L1-RSRP, falls below a certain threshold. The measurement results based on an individual beam (or beam-level measurement) are susceptible to interference, such as noise, which may cause unreliable evaluation of the trigger conditions and impair the handover process. For example, a common issue with beam-level measurement is the ping-pong effect, where the UE frequently switches between cells due to fluctuations in the measurements of a single beam, leading to unstable connections. Example aspects presented herein provide LTM based on cell-level measurements, which allows for a more stable evaluation compared to individual beam-level measurements by incorporating the collective performance of multiple beams within a cell. In some aspects, in LTM, a UE may be configured for beam consolidation, which is used in event triggering evaluation. SSB and channel state information –reference signal (CSI-RS) can be consolidated as measurement reference signals (RS) . In some examples, a UE may also apply filtering conditions for event-based beam reporting in LTM.
[0076] In L1 / L2 mobility (or LTM) , at least the SpCell can be updated through L1 / L2 signaling. FIG. 4 is a diagram 400 illustrating an example handover via L1 / L2 mobility (or LTM) . As shown in FIG. 4, the SpCell of UE 402 may be changed, at 420, from old SpCell 412 to new SpCell 414 through L1 / L2 signaling. This updating process may be based on L1 measurements, such as the L1 measurements on multiple candidate SpCell (e.g., candidate SpCell 416, 418, and new SpCell 414) , and this approach to mobility is applicable for both intra-frequency and inter-frequency scenarios.
[0077] In some examples, the event-triggered L1 measurements may be used to facilitate various LTM functions. These functions include selecting candidate beams or cells to trigger early synchronization and selecting the target beam or cell to trigger the LTM cell switch procedure. The event-triggered L1 measurements may use beam-level measurement results (e.g., measurements on an individual beam) for evaluating events. Various events based on the quality of the beam of the serving cell and candidate cells may be used as the trigger event for LTM. For example, these events may include the quality of a beam of the serving cell becomes worse than a threshold, the quality of a beam of a candidate cell is better than the quality of a beam of the serving cell by more than an offset, the quality of a beam of a candidate cell is better than a threshold, or the quality of a beam of the serving cell is worse than a first threshold while the quality of a beam of a candidate cell is better than a second threshold.
[0078] In some examples, the beam configuration for both the synchronization signal block (SSB) and the channel state information -reference signal (CSI-RS) in the L1 measurement resource configuration in LTM configuration may be used for measurements for LTM, provided that, when the trigger events involve a beam from a candidate cell, the same type of reference signal is used for both the serving and candidate cells. In some examples, the evaluation of LTM trigger events may incorporate time-to-trigger (TTT) , hysteresis for entering or leaving conditions, and possibly beam-specific offsets. In some examples, the determination of the trigger event may be performed within a predefined, configurable time window. For example, if, during this time window, the number of instances where a trigger event happens for a given beam equals or exceeds a configurable number M, a UE-initiated beam report may be triggered. As an example, the trigger event may include the L1-RSRP of the new beam is better than that of the current beam by more than a threshold value.
[0079] In LTM, determining trigger events based on measurements from an individual beam (or beam-level measurement) is susceptible to interference, such as noise, leading to unreliable evaluation of trigger events and disrupting the handover process. For example, an issue with beam-level measurement is the ping-pong effect, where the UE frequently switches between cells due to fluctuations in the measurements of a single beam, leading to unstable connections. Example aspects presented herein propose using cell-level measurements of serving cell and candidate cell in LTM. The cell-level measurements are based on the collective performance of multiple beams within a cell (instead of a single beam) , allowing for a more stable evaluation compared to individual beam-level measurements.
[0080] In some aspects, on event-driven beam report in LTM, a UE may be explicitly configured with radio resource control (RRC) parameters for beam consolidation, which may be used in the evaluation of trigger events, ensuring that the UE may efficiently assess the trigger events based on the collective performance of multiple beams within a cell. On the other hand, if these RRC parameters have not be configured, as a default behavior, the UE may use the beam with the highest metric for the evaluation of the trigger event.
[0081] In some examples, the RRC parameters may be configured under various settings. For example, these RRC parameters may be configured under an event configuration or an LTM CSI report configuration within a serving cell. In some examples, the RRC parameters may be specific to the event, the report configuration, the bandwidth part (BWP) , or different cells. That is, the set of RRC parameters may differ for different events, report configurations, BWPs, or different cells. In some examples, the RRC parameters may be configured differently for different types of reference signals, such as SSB and CSI-RS. As an example, these RRC parameters may include the maximum number of beams that can be aggregated (e.g., averaged) when evaluating the triggering condition (or trigger event) , and the beams that are aggregated (e.g., averaged) is above a beam consolidation threshold (e.g., the measurement of the beam is above the beam consolidation threshold) .
[0082] In some examples, for event-driven beam reports in LTM, the trigger event may be evaluated based on the collective performance (or measurements) on a set of beams of a serving cell or candidate cell. For example, the trigger event may include the aggregation of the measurements of a set of beams of the serving cell is worse than a predefined absolute threshold. For example, the trigger event may include the aggregation of the measurements of a set of beams in the serving cell is less than the aggregation of the measurements of another set of beams in a candidate cell by more than an offset. For example, the trigger event may include the aggregation of the measurements on a set of beams from a candidate cell is greater than a predefined absolute threshold. For example, the trigger event may include the aggregation of the measurements of a set of beams from the serving cell is less than a first threshold, and the aggregation of the measurements of another set of beams from a candidate cell is greater than a second threshold. As used herein, the aggregation of the measurements on a set of beams may refer to a metric that incorporates the measurement from each beam in the set of beams. As an example, the aggregation of the measurements on a set of beams may include averaging the measurements on the set of beams. In some examples, when the RRC parameters include the maximum number of beams that can be aggregated (e.g., averaged) and a beam consolidation threshold, the number of beams that are aggregated (e.g., averaged) may not exceed the maximum number, and the quality measurement on each beam may exceed the beam consolidation threshold.
[0083] In some examples, the measurement on a beam from a cell may be derived based on the synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block (SS / PBCH block) . In these cases, the evaluation of the trigger event for LTM may be implemented differently based on specific configurations on SS / PBCH blocks. For example, if parameter nrofSS-BlocksToAverage is not configured in an LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) , or parameter absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation is not configured in the LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) , or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below or equal to an absolute threshold for SS-Blocks consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidtion) , then each cell measurement quantity based on the SS / PBCH block may be derived based on the highest beam measurement quantity value. On the other hand, if these parameters are configured and the highest beam measurement quantity exceeds the absolute threshold for SS-Blocks consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation) , the measurement quantity for each cell may be derived based on an aggregation (e.g., a linear power scale average) of the beam measurement quantity values that exceed the absolute threshold for SS-Blocks consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation) . The total number of beams to be aggregated (e.g., averaged) may not exceed the predetermined maximum number of SS-Blocks to be aggregated (e.g., nrofSS-BlocksToAverage) . This method ensures that cell measurements reflect a collective performance of multiple beams from a cell, providing a more stable and representative assessment of beam conditions.
[0084] In some examples, the measurement on a beam from a cell may be derived based on CSI-RS. In these cases, the evaluation of the trigger event for LTM may be implemented differently based on specific configurations for CSI-RS resources. For example, if parameter nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage is not configured in an LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) , or parameter absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation is not configured in the LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) , or if the highest beam measurement quantity value is below or equal to an absolute threshold for CSI-RS consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation) , then each cell measurement quantity based on applicable CSI-RS resources for the cell may be derived based on the highest beam measurement quantity value. On the other hand, if these parameters are configured and the highest beam measurement quantity exceeds the absolute threshold for CSI-RS consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation) , the measurement quantity for each cell may be derived based on an aggregation (e.g., a linear power scale average) of the beam measurement quantity values that exceed the absolute threshold for CSI-RS consolidation (e.g., parameter absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation) . The total number of beams to be aggregated (e.g., averaged) may not exceed the maximum number of CSI-RS resources to be aggregated (e.g., nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage) . This method ensures that cell measurements reflect a collective performance of multiple beams from a cell, providing a more stable and representative assessment of beam conditions.
[0085] In some aspects, on event-driven beam reports in LTM, UE may be configured to report specific beam indices and / or beam metrics through, for example, the beam reporting medium access control (MAC) –control element (MAC-CE) . For example, the UE may be configured to report on the best-performing beam, representing the highest quality connection available. In some examples, if the UE is configured with RRC parameters to evaluate the trigger event based on an aggregation of measurements on multiple beams, the UE may be configured to report on a number of beams whose measurement exceeds a quality threshold (e.g., as defined by parameters absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation or absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation in LTM-CSI-report-config) , up to a maximum number that has been previously configured (e.g., as defined by parameters nrofSS-BlocksToAverage or nrofCSI-RS-ResourcesToAverage in LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0086] As an example, parameter rsIndexResults may be configured to include up to a maximum number of reference signal indexes (e.g., as defined by parameter maxNrofRS-IndexesToReport) to report, and the reference signal indexes may include indexes for SS / PBCH block or CSI-RS, organized in order of their decreasing sorting quantity. For example, if the measurement information to be included is based on the SS / PBCH block, the report will include the index corresponding to the best beam based on the SS / PBCH block sorting quantity. Additionally, if the absolute threshold for SS-Blocks consolidation (e.g., absThreshSS-BlocksConsolidation) is included in the LTM-CSI-Report-Config, the remaining beams whose sorting quantities exceed this absolute threshold may also be included in the report. If the beam measurements are set to be included in the report (e.g., parameter includeBeamMeasurements is set to true) , the report will also include the SS / PBCH based measurement results for the quantities in reportQuantityRS-Indexes for each SS / PBCH block index.
[0087] Similarly, if the measurement information to be included is based on CSI-RS, the report will include the index corresponding to the best beam based on the CSI-RS sorting quantity. Additionally, if the absolute threshold for CSI-RS consolidation (e.g., absThreshCSI-RS-Consolidation) is included in the LTM-CSI-Report-Config, the remaining beams whose sorting quantities exceed this absolute threshold may also be included in the report. If the beam measurements are set to be included in the report (e.g., parameter includeBeamMeasurements is set to true) , the report will also include the CSI-RS based measurement results for the quantities in reportQuantityRS-Indexes for each CSI-RS index.
[0088] FIG. 5 is a diagram 500 illustrating an example LTM based on an aggregation of multiple beams in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. As shown in FIG. 5, a UE 502 may initially connect to a base station 504, which may function as its severing cell. The UE 502 may evaluate the beam quality from the base station 504 and a potential candidate cell 506 to determine whether a trigger event for LTM has occurred. Instead of evaluating a single beam from the base station 504 or the candidate cell 506 to access the trigger event, the UE 502 may evaluate the trigger event based on an aggregation (e.g., an average) of measurements from multiple beams (e.g., beams 530, 532, 534, 536, 538) from the base station 504 or multiple beams (e.g., beams 540, 542, 544, 546, 548) from the candidate cell 506, or both. For example, the base station 504 may provide the UE 502 with a set of RRC parameters at 510, indicating the UE 502 to evaluate the trigger event for LTM based on an aggregation (or consolidation) of multiple beams from a cell (e.g., base station 504 for candidate cell 506) .
[0089] In some examples, the set of RRC parameters may include a maximum number of beams from a cell (e.g., base station 504 for candidate cell 506) that can be aggregated (or consolidated) to evaluate the trigger event. For example, if the maximum number is three beams, then measurements from a maximum of three beams (e.g., beams 532, 534, 536) from the base station 504 and three beams (e.g., beams 542, 544, 546) from the candidate cell 506 may be used for aggregation. In some examples, the set of RRC parameters may include a quality threshold each beam from a cell (e.g., base station 504 for candidate cell 506) may exceed before it can be included in the evaluation of the trigger event.
[0090] In some examples, the UE 502 may, at 512, evaluate whether a trigger condition (or trigger event) has been met based on the aggregation of measurements from the base station 504 or the candidate cell 506, or both. If the UE 502 has determined that the trigger condition has been met, the UE 502 may, at 514, initiate an LTM to change its serving cell. For example, the UE 502 may change the serving cell from base station 504 to candidate cell 506 if the aggregated measurements on the beams (e.g., beams 542, 544, 546) from the candidate cell 506 is better than the beams (e.g., beams 532, 534, 536) from base station 504 by more than a predetermined offset. Otherwise, if the UE 502 has determined that the trigger condition has not been met, the UE 502 may, at 516, maintain the current serving cell. In some examples, the UE 502 may, at 518, transmit to the base station 504 a beam report. The beam report may include beam information of one or more beams used for the aggregation of measurements to evaluate the trigger condition at 512.
[0091] FIG. 6 is a call flow diagram 600 illustrating a method of wireless communication in accordance with various aspects of this present disclosure. Various aspects are described in connection with a UE 602 and a base station 604. In some examples, the base station 604 may function as a serving cell of the UE 602. The aspects may be performed by the UE 602, a candidate entity 606, or the base station 604 in aggregation and / or by one or more components of a base station 604 (e.g., a CU 110, a DU 130, and / or an RU 140) . In some examples, the candidate entity 606 may be a candidate cell of the UE 602.
[0092] As shown in FIG. 6, at 608, a UE 602 may receive a set of RRC parameters from the base station 604. The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. In some examples, the plurality of beams may include multiple beams from the base station 604, such as beams 630, 632, 634, 636, and 638. In some examples, the plurality of beams may include multiple beams from the candidate entity 606, such as beams 640, 642, 644, 646, and 648.
[0093] At 610, the UE 602 may receive a first set of beams from base station 604. For example, the first set of beams may include one or more of beams 630, 632, 634, 636, 638 from base station 604.
[0094] At 612, the UE 602 may perform a set of first measurements on the first set of beams. In some examples, the first measurement on a beam may be a measurement based on which the UE may evaluate the quality of the beam. For example, the first measurement on a beam may include one or more of: reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) , or received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the beam.
[0095] In some examples, at 614, the UE 602 may receive a second set of beams from the candidate entity 606. For example, the second set of beams may include one or more of beams 640, 642, 644, 646, 648 from the candidate entity 606.
[0096] At 616, the UE 602 may perform a set of second measurements on the second set of beams. In some examples, the second measurement on a beam may be a measurement based on which the UE may evaluate the quality of the beam. For example, the second measurement on a beam may include one or more of: RSRP, RSRQ, SINR, or RSSI of the beam.
[0097] At 618, the UE 602 may determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition (or trigger event) is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) on the first set of beams. For example, the UE 602 may consider the trigger condition has been met if an aggregation (e.g., an average) of the set of first measurements on the first set of beams is less than a first threshold.
[0098] In some examples, the determination of the trigger condition (or trigger event) may also take into consideration of the second measurements (e.g., at 616) on the second set of beams from the candidate entity 606. For example, the UE 602 may consider the trigger condition has been met if the aggregation (e.g., the average) of the set of first measurements of the first set of beams is less than the aggregation (e.g., the average) of second measurements of the second set of beams by more than an offset.
[0099] In some examples, the RRC parameters may include a maximum number of beams for the aggregation of the measurements and a quality threshold for each measurement. In that case, the number of beams considered for the aggregation of measurements may not exceed that maximum number, and the measurements on each beam may exceed the quality threshold. For example, if the measurements on beam 630, 638 (e.g., L1-RSRP on beam 630, 638) fall below the quality threshold, these beams may be excluded from measurement aggregation. If measurements on beam 632, 634, 636 exceed the quality threshold, they may be included for measurement aggregation, provided that the total number of beams for the aggregation does not exceed the maximum number.
[0100] At 620, the UE 602 may initiate the LTM in response to the determination that the trigger condition has been met. For example, the UE 602 may initiate the LTM to change its serving cell from base station 604 to candidate entity 606.
[0101] At 622, the base station 604 may perform an LTM with the UE 602 if the trigger condition (evaluated at 618) has been met.
[0102] At 624, the UE 602 may transmit a beam report to the base station 604 via a MAC-CE based on the set of first measurements on the first set of beams. In some examples, the beam report may include the beam information of one or more beams of the first set of beams. For example, the beam report may include the most suitable beam of the first set of beams based on the set of first measurements. In some examples, if the UE 602 has received the set of RRC parameters that indicates a beam consolidation condition for consolidating multiple beams, the beam report may further include a number of beams in the first set of beams. The set of first measurements of the number of beams may be above the quality threshold, and the number of beams may not exceed the maximum number of beams.
[0103] FIG. 7 is a flowchart 700 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE in coordination with a network entity. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 504, 604; or the network entity 1102 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 502, 602, or the apparatus 1104 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11. By aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the methods reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. Additionally, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the methods can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0104] As shown in FIG. 7, at 702, the UE may receive a set of RRC parameters from a network entity. The set of RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 700. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 608, receive a set of RRC parameters from a network entity (base station 604) . The set of RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) . In some aspects, 702 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0105] At 704, the UE may perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 612, perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) . In some aspects, 704 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0106] At 706, the UE may determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 618, determine whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. Referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 512, determine whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) . In some aspects, 706 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0107] FIG. 8 is a flowchart 800 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a UE in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a UE in coordination with a network entity. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 504, 604; or the network entity 1102 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 502, 602, or the apparatus 1104 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11. By aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the methods reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. Additionally, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the methods can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0108] As shown in FIG. 8, at 802, the UE may receive a set of RRC parameters from a network entity. The set of RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 800. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 608, receive a set of RRC parameters from a network entity (base station 604) . The set of RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) . In some aspects, 802 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0109] At 810, the UE may perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 612, perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) . In some aspects, 810 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0110] At 812, the UE may determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 618, determine whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) . Referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 512, determine whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. In some aspects, 812 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0111] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements. The first number of the plurality of beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement may exceed the quality threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include a maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements. The first number of the plurality of beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) , and each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement may exceed the quality threshold.
[0112] In some aspects, the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 534, 536) .
[0113] In some aspects, at 814, the UE may initiate the LTM in response to a determination that the trigger condition is met. For example, referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 514, initiate the LTM in response to a determination that the trigger condition is met. Referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 620, initiate the LTM in response to a determination that the trigger condition is met. In some aspects, 814 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0114] In some aspects, at 804, the UE may receive, from the network entity, the plurality of beams, and the trigger condition (at 812) may include the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 610, receive from the network entity (base station 604) the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) , and the trigger condition (at 618) may include the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) is less than a first threshold. In some aspects, 804 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0115] In some aspects, the UE may, at 804, receive the plurality of beams from the network entity, and, at 806, receive a set of candidate beams from a candidate entity. The trigger condition (at 812) may include: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams by more than an offset. The second number of the set of candidate beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement may exceed the quality threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 610, receive the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) from the network entity (base station 604) , and, at 614, receive a set of candidate beams (e.g., the second set of beams, such as beams 642, 644, 646) from a candidate entity 606. The trigger condition (at 618) may include: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) is less than a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams (e.g., the second set of beams) by more than an offset. The second number of the set of candidate beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) , and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement may exceed the quality threshold. In some aspects, 804 and 806 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0116] In some aspects, the UE may, at 808, receive the plurality of beams from a candidate entity, and the trigger condition may include the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is greater than a second threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 614, receive the plurality of beams (e.g., the second set of beams) from a candidate entity 606, and the trigger condition may include the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the second set of beams) is greater than a second threshold. In some aspects, 808 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0117] In some aspects, the UE may, at 804, receive the plurality of beams from the network entity, and, at 806, receive a set of candidate beams from a candidate entity, and the trigger condition may include: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold, and a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams is greater than a second threshold. The second number of the set of candidate beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement may exceed the quality threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 610, receive the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams) from the network entity (base station 604) , and, at 614, receive a set of candidate beams (e.g., the second set of beams) from a candidate entity 606, and the trigger condition may include: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) is less than a first threshold, and a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams (e.g., the second set of beams, such as beams 642, 644, 646) is greater than a second threshold. The second number of the set of candidate beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) , and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement may exceed the quality threshold.
[0118] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may be included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may be included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0119] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may be associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a bandwidth part (BWP) , or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may be associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a BWP, or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams (e.g., whether the entity is the current serving cell or a candidate cell) .
[0120] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a second set of RRC parameters for a CSI-RS. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for an SSB, or a second set of RRC parameters for a CSI-RS.
[0121] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in the LTM CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in the LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0122] In some aspects, each first measurement may be based on an SS / PBCH block, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements may include a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, each first measurement may be based on an SS / PBCH block, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements (e.g., at 618) may include a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0123] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in an LTM-CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (e.g., at 608) may include the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in an LTM-CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0124] In some aspects, each first measurement may be based on a CSI-RS resource, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, each first measurement (e.g., at 612) may be based on a CSI-RS resource, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0125] In some aspects, at 816, the UE may transmit, to the network entity via a MAC-CE, a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, and the beam report may include beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the UE 602 may, at 624, transmit, to the network entity (base station 604) via a MAC-CE, a beam report based on the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) , and the beam report may include beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams. Referring to FIG. 5, the UE 502 may, at 518, transmit a beam report to the network entity (base station 504) via a MAC-CE. In some aspects, 816 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 198.
[0126] In some aspects, the one or more beams may include at least one of: the most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements, or a report number of beams in the plurality of beams. The set of first measurements of the report number of beams may be above the quality threshold, and the report number of beams may be less than the maximum number of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the one or more beams may include at least one of: the most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) , or a report number of beams in the plurality of beams. The set of first measurements of the report number of beams may be above the quality threshold, and the report number of beams may be less than the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) .
[0127] In some aspects, the beam information may include one or more of: one or more beam indices of the one or more beams, or one or more beam metrics of the one or more beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the beam information may include one or more of: one or more beam indices of the one or more beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) , or one or more beam metrics of the one or more beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0128] FIG. 9 is a flowchart 900 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity in coordination with a UE. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 504, 604; or the network entity 1102 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 502, 602, or the apparatus 1104 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11. By aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the methods reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. Additionally, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the methods can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0129] As shown in FIG. 9, at 902, the network entity may transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE. The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 900. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the network entity (base station 604) may, at 608, transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE 602. Referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (base station 504) may, at 510, transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE 502. The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams (e.g., beams 532, 534, 536 from base station 504 or beams 542, 544, 546 from candidate cell 506) . The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. In some aspects, 902 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 199.
[0130] At 904, the network entity may perform an LTM with the UE based on the set of RRC parameters. A trigger condition for the LTM may be based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the network entity (base station 604) may, at 622, perform an LTM with the UE 602 based on the set of RRC parameters. The trigger condition for the LTM may be based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) . In some aspects, 904 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 199.
[0131] FIG. 10 is a flowchart 1000 illustrating methods of wireless communication at a network entity in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. The method may be performed by a network entity in coordination with a UE. The network entity may be a base station, or a component of a base station, in the access network of FIG. 1 or a core network component (e.g., base station 102, 310, 504, 604; or the network entity 1102 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11) . The UE may be the UE 104, 350, 502, 602, or the apparatus 1104 in the hardware implementation of FIG. 11.By aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the methods reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. Additionally, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the methods can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0132] As shown in FIG. 10, at 1002, the network entity may transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE. The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 illustrate various aspects of the steps in connection with flowchart 1000. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the network entity (base station 604) may, at 608, transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE 602. Referring to FIG. 5, the network entity (base station 504) may, at 510, transmit a set of RRC parameters to a UE 502. The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams (e.g., beams 532, 534, 536 from base station 504 or beams 542, 544, 546 from candidate cell 506) . The RRC parameters may indicate a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams. In some aspects, 1002 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 199.
[0133] At 1004, the network entity may perform an LTM with the UE based on the set of RRC parameters. A trigger condition for the LTM may be based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the network entity (base station 604) may, at 622, perform an LTM with the UE 602 based on the set of RRC parameters. The trigger condition for the LTM may be based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) . In some aspects, 1004 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 199.
[0134] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements. The first number of the plurality of beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement may exceed the quality threshold. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include a maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements. The first number of the plurality of beams may be less than or equal to the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) , and each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement may exceed the quality threshold.
[0135] In some aspects, the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams may include an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) on the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 534, 536) .
[0136] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may be included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may be included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0137] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may be associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a BWP, or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may be associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a BWP, or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams (e.g., whether the entity is the current serving cell or a candidate cell) .
[0138] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for an SSB, or a second set of RRC parameters for a CSI-RS. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for an SSB, or a second set of RRC parameters for a CSI-RS.
[0139] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in the LTM CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (at 608) may include the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in the LTM CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0140] In some aspects, each first measurement may be based on an SS / PBCH block, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements may include a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, each first measurement may be based on an SS / PBCH block, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements (e.g., at 618) may include a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0141] In some aspects, the set of RRC parameters may include the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in an LTM-CSI report configuration. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the set of RRC parameters (e.g., at 608) may include the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and the set of RRC parameters may be included in an LTM-CSI report configuration (e.g., LTM-CSI-report-config) .
[0142] In some aspects, each first measurement may be based on a CSI-RS resource, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements may include a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, each first measurement (e.g., at 612) may be based on a CSI-RS resource, and the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0143] In some aspects, at 1006, the network entity may receive, from the UE via a MAC-CE, a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The beam report may include beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the network entity (base station 604) may, at 624, receive, from the UE 602 via a MAC-CE, a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The beam report may include beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams (e.g., the first set of beams, such as beams 632, 634, 636) . In some aspects, 1006 may be performed by the beam consolidation component 199.
[0144] In some aspects, the one or more beams may include at least one of: the most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements, or a report number of beams in the plurality of beams. The set of first measurements of the report number of beams may be above the quality threshold, and the report number of beams may be less than the maximum number of beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the one or more beams may include at least one of: the most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements (e.g., at 612) , or a report number of beams in the plurality of beams. The set of first measurements of the report number of beams may be above the quality threshold, and the report number of beams may be less than the maximum number of beams (e.g., three beams) .
[0145] In some aspects, the beam information may include one or more of: one or more beam indices of the one or more beams, or one or more beam metrics of the one or more beams. For example, referring to FIG. 6, the beam information may include one or more of: one or more beam indices of the one or more beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) , or one or more beam metrics of the one or more beams (e.g., beams 632, 634, 636) .
[0146] FIG. 11 is a diagram 1100 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1104. The apparatus 1104 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1104 may include at least one cellular baseband processor (or processing circuitry) 1124 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1122 (e.g., cellular RF transceiver) . The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 may include at least one on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1124'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1104 may further include one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 1120 and at least one application processor (or processing circuitry) 1106 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1108 and a screen 1110. The application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1106'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1104 may further include a Bluetooth module 1112, a WLAN module 1114, an SPS module 1116 (e.g., GNSS module) , one or more sensor modules 1118 (e.g., barometric pressure sensor / altimeter; motion sensor such as inertial measurement unit (IMU) , gyroscope, and / or accelerometer (s) ; magnetometer, audio and / or other technologies used for positioning) , additional memory modules 1126, a power supply 1130, and / or a camera 1132. The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, just a receiver (RX) ) . The Bluetooth module 1112, the WLAN module 1114, and the SPS module 1116 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or utilize the antennas 1180 for communication. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 communicates through the transceiver (s) 1122 via one or more antennas 1180 with the UE 104 and / or with an RU associated with a network entity 1102. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) 1124', 1106', respectively. The additional memory modules 1126 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . Each computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) 1124', 1106', 1126 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 are each responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106, causes the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 to perform the various functions described supra. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 are configured to perform the various functions described supra based at least in part of the information stored in the memory (or memory circuitry) . That is, the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 may be configured to perform a first subset of the various functions described supra without information stored in the memory and may be configured to perform a second subset of the various functions described supra based on the information stored in the memory. The computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 when executing software. The cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 / application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the at least one memory 360 and / or at least one of the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the apparatus 1104 may be at least one processor chip (modem and / or application) and include just the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and / or the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106, and in another configuration, the apparatus 1104 may be the entire UE (e.g., see UE 350 of FIG. 3) and include the additional modules of the apparatus 1104.
[0147] As discussed supra, the component 198 may be configured to receive, from a network entity, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; and determine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The component 198 may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, and / or performed by the UE 602 in FIG. 6. The component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124, the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106, or both the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106. The component 198 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. As shown, the apparatus 1104 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the apparatus 1104, and in particular the cellular baseband processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1124 and / or the application processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1106, includes means for receiving, from a network entity, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams, means for performing a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, and means for determining, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The apparatus 1104 may further include means for performing any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8, and / or aspects performed by the UE 602 in FIG. 6. The means may be the component 198 of the apparatus 1104 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the apparatus 1104 may include the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 368, the RX processor 356, and / or the controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0148] FIG. 12 is a diagram 1200 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a network entity 1202. The network entity 1202 may be a BS, a component of a BS, or may implement BS functionality. The network entity 1202 may include at least one of a CU 1210, a DU 1230, or an RU 1240. For example, depending on the layer functionality handled by the component 199, the network entity 1202 may include the CU 1210; both the CU 1210 and the DU 1230; each of the CU 1210, the DU 1230, and the RU 1240; the DU 1230; both the DU 1230 and the RU 1240; or the RU 1240. The CU 1210 may include at least one CU processor (or processing circuitry) 1212. The CU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1212 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1212'. In some aspects, the CU 1210 may further include additional memory modules 1214 and a communications interface 1218. The CU 1210 communicates with the DU 1230 through a midhaul link, such as an F1 interface. The DU 1230 may include at least one DU processor (or processing circuitry) 1232. The DU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1232 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1232'. In some aspects, the DU 1230 may further include additional memory modules 1234 and a communications interface 1238. The DU 1230 communicates with the RU 1240 through a fronthaul link. The RU 1240 may include at least one RU processor (or processing circuitry) 1242. The RU processor (s) (or processing circuitry) 1242 may include on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1242'. In some aspects, the RU 1240 may further include additional memory modules 1244, one or more transceivers 1246, antennas 1280, and a communications interface 1248. The RU 1240 communicates with the UE 104. The on-chip memory (or memory circuitry) 1212', 1232', 1242' and the additional memory modules 1214, 1234, 1244 may each be considered a computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . Each computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may be non-transitory. Each of the processors (or processing circuitry) 1212, 1232, 1242 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) . The software, when executed by the corresponding processor (s) (or processing circuitry) causes the processor (s) (or processing circuitry) to perform the various functions described supra. The computer-readable medium / memory (or memory circuitry) may also be used for storing data that is manipulated by the processor (s) (or processing circuitry) when executing software.
[0149] As discussed supra, the component 199 may be configured to transmit, to a UE, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; and perform, based on the set of RRC parameters, an LTM with the UE, where a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The component 199 may be further configured to perform any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and / or performed by the base station 604 in FIG. 6. The component 199 may be within one or more processors (or processing circuitry) of one or more of the CU 1210, DU 1230, and the RU 1240. The component 199 may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated processes / algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof. When multiple processors are implemented, the multiple processors may perform the stated processes / algorithm individually or in combination. The network entity 1202 may include a variety of components configured for various functions. In one configuration, the network entity 1202 includes means for transmitting, to a UE, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams, and means for performing, based on the set of RRC parameters, an LTM with the UE, where a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. The network entity 1202 may further include means for performing any of the aspects described in connection with the flowcharts in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, and / or aspects performed by the base station 604 in FIG. 6. The means may be the component 199 of the network entity 1202 configured to perform the functions recited by the means. As described supra, the network entity 1202 may include the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and the controller / processor 375. As such, in one configuration, the means may be the TX processor 316, the RX processor 370, and / or the controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions recited by the means.
[0150] This disclosure provides a method for wireless communication at a UE. The method may include receiving, from a network entity, a set of RRC parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; performing a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; and determining, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for LTM based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams. By aggregating measurements from multiple beams to evaluate trigger events, the methods reduce variability and potential inaccuracies in individual beam measurements, thereby improving overall network stability. Additionally, by setting a threshold for signal quality and limiting the number of beams that can be considered together, the methods can adapt to fluctuating signal qualities, thereby ensuring a smooth handover under different environments and conditions.
[0151] It is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upon design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Further, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The accompanying method claims present elements of the various blocks in a sample order, and are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.
[0152] The previous description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not limited to the aspects described herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language claims. Reference to an element in the singular does not mean “one and only one” unless specifically so stated, but rather “one or more. ” Terms such as “if, ” “when, ” and “while” do not imply an immediate temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, e.g., “when, ” do not imply an immediate action in response to or during the occurrence of an action, but simply imply that if a condition is met then an action will occur, but without requiring a specific or immediate time constraint for the action to occur. The word “exemplary” is used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration. ” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C. Sets should be interpreted as a set of elements where the elements number one or more. Accordingly, for a set of X, X would include one or more elements. When at least one processor is configured to perform a set of functions, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the set of functions. Accordingly, each processor of the at least one processor may be configured to perform a particular subset of the set of functions, where the subset is the full set, a proper subset of the set, or an empty subset of the set. A processor may be referred to as processor circuitry. A memory / memory module may be referred to as memory circuitry. If a first apparatus receives data from or transmits data to a second apparatus, the data may be received / transmitted directly between the first and second apparatuses, or indirectly between the first and second apparatuses through a set of apparatuses. A device configured to “output” data or “provide” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may transmit the data, for example with a transceiver, or may send the data to a device that transmits the data. A device configured to “obtain” data, such as a transmission, signal, or message, may receive, for example with a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data. Information stored in a memory includes instructions and / or data. All structural and functional equivalents to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or later come to be known to those of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are encompassed by the claims. Moreover, nothing disclosed herein is dedicated to the public regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly recited in the claims. The words “module, ” “mechanism, ” “element, ” “device, ” and the like may not be a substitute for the word “means. ” As such, no claim element is to be construed as a means plus function unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for. ”
[0153] As used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, or the like. In other words, the phrase “based on A” (where “A” may be information, a condition, a factor, or the like) shall be construed as “based at least on A” unless specifically recited differently.
[0154] The following aspects are illustrative only and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein, without limitation.
[0155] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a UE. The method includes receiving, from a network entity, a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; performing a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; and determining, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for lower- layer triggered mobility (LTM) based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0156] Aspect 2 is the method of aspect 1, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements, wherein a first number of the plurality of beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and wherein each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement exceeds the quality threshold.
[0157] Aspect 3 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 2, wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0158] Aspect 4 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 3, where the method further includes initiating the LTM in response to a determination that the trigger condition is met.
[0159] Aspect 5 is the method of aspect 4, where the method further includes receiving, from the network entity, the plurality of beams, and wherein the trigger condition includes the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold.
[0160] Aspect 6 is the method of aspect 4, where the method further includes receiving, from the network entity, the plurality of beams; and receiving, from a candidate entity, a set of candidate beams, wherein the trigger condition includes: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams by more than an offset, wherein a second number of the set of candidate beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement exceeds the quality threshold.
[0161] Aspect 7 is the method of aspect 4, where the method further includes receiving, from a candidate entity, the plurality of beams, and wherein the trigger condition includes the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is greater than a second threshold.
[0162] Aspect 8 is the method of aspect 4, receiving, from the network entity, the plurality of beams; and receiving, from a candidate entity, a set of candidate beams, wherein the trigger condition includes: the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold, and a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams is greater than a second threshold, wherein a second number of the set of candidate beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement exceeds the quality threshold.
[0163] Aspect 9 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 8, wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM channel state information (CSI) report configuration.
[0164] Aspect 10 is the method of aspect 9, wherein the set of RRC parameters is associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a bandwidth part (BWP) , or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams.
[0165] Aspect 11 is the method of aspect 9, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a second set of RRC parameters for a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0166] Aspect 12 is the method of aspect 11, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in the LTM CSI report configuration.
[0167] Aspect 13 is the method of aspect 12, wherein each first measurement is based on a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.
[0168] Aspect 14 is the method of aspect 11, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in an LTM-CSI report configuration.
[0169] Aspect 15 is the method of aspect 14, wherein each first measurement is based on a CSI-RS resource, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.
[0170] Aspect 16 is the method of any of aspects 1 to 15, where the method further includes transmitting, to the network entity via a medium access control (MAC) –control element (MAC-CE) , a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, wherein the beam report includes beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams.
[0171] Aspect 17 is the method of aspect 16, wherein the one or more beams includes at least one of: a most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements, or a report number of beams in the plurality of beams, wherein the set of first measurements of the report number of beams are above the quality threshold, wherein the report number of beams is less than the maximum number of beams.
[0172] Aspect 18 is the method of aspect 16, wherein the beam information includes one or more of: one or more beam indices of the one or more beams, or one or more beam metrics of the one or more beams.
[0173] Aspect 19 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the UE to perform the method of one or more of aspects 1-18.
[0174] Aspect 20 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, where the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 1-18.
[0175] Aspect 21 is the apparatus for wireless communication at a UE, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 1-18.
[0176] Aspect 22 is an apparatus of any of aspects 19-21, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 1-18.
[0177] Aspect 23 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code at a UE, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to, individually or in any combination, perform the method of any of aspects 1-18.
[0178] Aspect 24 is a method of wireless communication at a network entity. The method includes transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; and performing, based on the set of RRC parameters, a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) with the UE, wherein a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0179] Aspect 25 is the method of aspect 24, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements, wherein a first number of the plurality of beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and wherein each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement exceeds the quality threshold.
[0180] Aspect 26 is the method of any of aspects 24 to 25, wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.
[0181] Aspect 27 is the method of any of aspects 24 to 25, wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in one of: an event configuration, or an LTM channel state information (CSI) report configuration.
[0182] Aspect 28 is the method of aspect 27, wherein the set of RRC parameters is associated with one or more of: a type of the trigger condition, a report configuration, a bandwidth part (BWP) , or an entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams.
[0183] Aspect 29 is the method of aspect 27, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes one or more of: a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , or a second set of RRC parameters for a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) .
[0184] Aspect 30 is the method of aspect 29, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in the LTM CSI report configuration.
[0185] Aspect 31 is the method of aspect 30, wherein each first measurement is based on a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.
[0186] Aspect 32 is the method of aspect 29, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in an LTM-CSI report configuration.
[0187] Aspect 33 is the method of aspect 32, wherein each first measurement is based on a CSI-RS resource, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.
[0188] Aspect 34 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising: a processing system that includes processor circuitry and memory circuitry that stores code and is coupled with the processor circuitry, the processing system configured to cause the network entity to perform the method of one or more of aspects 24-33.
[0189] Aspect 35 is an apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, where the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to perform the method of any of aspects 24-33.
[0190] Aspect 36 is the apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising means for performing each step in the method of any of aspects 24-33.
[0191] Aspect 37 is an apparatus of any of aspects 34-36, further comprising a transceiver configured to receive or to transmit in association with the method of any of aspects 24-33.
[0192] Aspect 38 is a computer-readable medium (e.g., a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer executable code at a network entity, the code when executed by at least one processor causes the at least one processor to, individually or in any combination, perform the method of any of aspects 24-33.
Claims
1.An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a network entity, a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams;perform a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; anddetermine, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.2.The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to receive the set of RRC parameters, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the UE to receive the set of RRC parameters via the transceiver, and wherein the set of RRC parameters includes a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements, wherein a first number of the plurality of beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and wherein each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement exceeds the quality threshold.3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.4.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:initiate the LTM in response to a determination that the trigger condition is met.5.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, the plurality of beams, and wherein the trigger condition includes the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold.6.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, the plurality of beams; andreceive, from a candidate entity, a set of candidate beams, wherein the trigger condition includes:the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams by more than an offset, wherein a second number of the set of candidate beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement exceeds the quality threshold.7.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from a candidate entity, the plurality of beams, and wherein the trigger condition includes the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams is greater than a second threshold.8.The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:receive, from the network entity, the plurality of beams; andreceive, from a candidate entity, a set of candidate beams, wherein the trigger condition includes:the first aggregation of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams is less than a first threshold, anda second aggregation of second measurements of the set of candidate beams is greater than a second threshold, wherein a second number of the set of candidate beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and each second measurement in the second aggregation of the second measurement exceeds the quality threshold.9.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in one of:an event configuration, oran LTM channel state information (CSI) report configuration.10.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the set of RRC parameters is associated with one or more of:a type of the trigger condition,a report configuration,a bandwidth part (BWP) , oran entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams.11.The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes one or more of:a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , ora second set of RRC parameters for a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) .12.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in the LTM CSI report configuration.13.The apparatus of claim 12, wherein each first measurement is based on a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.14.The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, and the set of RRC parameters is included in an LTM-CSI report configuration, and wherein each first measurement is based on a CSI- RS resource, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.15.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the UE to:transmit, to the network entity via a medium access control (MAC) –control element (MAC-CE) , a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, wherein the beam report includes beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams.16.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the one or more beams includes at least one of:a most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements, ora report number of beams in the plurality of beams, wherein the set of first measurements of the report number of beams are above the quality threshold, wherein the report number of beams is less than the maximum number of beams.17.The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the beam information includes one or more of:one or more beam indices of the one or more beams, orone or more beam metrics of the one or more beams.18.An apparatus for wireless communication at a network entity, comprising:at least one memory; andat least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and, based at least in part on information stored in the at least one memory, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the network entity to:transmit, to a user equipment (UE) , a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; andperform, based on the set of RRC parameters, a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) with the UE, wherein a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.19.The apparatus of claim 18, further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein to transmit the set of RRC parameters, the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is configured to cause the network entity to transmit the set of RRC parameters via the transceiver, and wherein the set of RRC parameters includes a maximum number of beams for the first aggregation of the set of first measurements and a quality threshold associated with the set of first measurements, wherein a first number of the plurality of beams is less than or equal to the maximum number of beams, and wherein each first measurement in the first aggregation of the first measurement exceeds the quality threshold.20.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams includes an average of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.21.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in one of:an event configuration, oran LTM channel state information (CSI) report configuration.22.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the set of RRC parameters is associated with one or more of:a type of the trigger condition,a report configuration,a bandwidth part (BWP) , oran entity for a transmission of the plurality of beams.23.The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes one or more of:a first set of RRC parameters for a synchronization signal block (SSB) , ora second set of RRC parameters for a channel state information (CSI) reference signal (CSI-RS) .24.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the first set of RRC parameters for the SSB, and the set of RRC parameters is included in the LTM CSI report configuration, and wherein each first measurement is based on a synchronization signal (SS) / physical broadcast channel (PBCH) block, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.25.The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the set of RRC parameters includes the second set of RRC parameters for the CSI-RS, wherein the set of RRC parameters is included in an LTM-CSI report configuration, and wherein each first measurement is based on a CSI-RS resource, and wherein the first aggregation of the set of first measurements includes a linear power scale average of the set of first measurements of the plurality of beams.26.The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the at least one processor, individually or in any combination, is further configured to cause the network entity to:receive, from the UE via a medium access control (MAC) –control element (MAC-CE) , a beam report based on the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams, wherein the beam report includes beam information of one or more beams of the plurality of beams.27.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the one or more beams includes at least one of:a most suitable beam of the plurality of beams based on the set of first measurements, ora report number of beams in the plurality of beams, wherein the set of first measurements of the report number of beams are above the quality threshold, wherein the report number of beams is less than the maximum number of beams.28.The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the beam information includes one or more of:one or more beam indices of the one or more beams, orone or more beam metrics of the one or more beams.29.A method of wireless communication at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:receiving, from a network entity, a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams;performing a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams; anddetermining, in response to the set of RRC parameters, whether a trigger condition is met for lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) based on a first aggregation of the set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.30.A method of wireless communication at a network entity, comprising:transmitting, to a user equipment (UE) , a set of radio resource control (RRC) parameters indicative of a beam consolidation condition for consolidating a plurality of beams; andperforming, based on the set of RRC parameters, a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) with the UE, wherein a trigger condition for the LTM is based on a first aggregation of a set of first measurements on the plurality of beams.