Devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication
By calculating TB size based on unquantized intermediate variables and available chips, the AIoT system addresses the challenge of invalid slot-level TB size determination, ensuring efficient and energy-aware communication.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
The existing LTE and NR systems do not provide a valid method for determining transport block (TB) size in Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) systems, as their slot-level calculations are not applicable.
A first device determines an unquantized intermediate variable based on the number of available chips and uses it to calculate a TB size, considering factors like channel code rate, line code rate, and energy constraints.
This approach allows for accurate TB size determination on a chip level, optimizing communication in AIoT systems by accounting for available resources and energy efficiency.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130620_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Internet of Thing (AIoT) aims to inventory use case where one or more readers perform an inventory procedure among one or more nearby AIoT devices. An AIoT system may apply at least one of a line code and channel code combined with On-Off Key (OOK) or Binary Phase Shift Key (BPSK) modulation, which is different from a Long Term Evolution (LTE) or New Radio (NR) system.
[0003] Transport block (TB) size is the amount of bits from a medium access control (MAC) layer to be transmitted by a physical (PHY) layer. Calculation of a TB size in the LTE or NR system is based on slot level, which may not be valid for the AIoT system. Thus, there is a need to study how to determine a TB size for the AIoT system.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first device to: determine an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips; and determine a TB size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first device to: determine the number of available chips based at least on the number of information bits to be transmitted from a second device to the first device; determine the number of symbols or chips for transmission of the information bits based at least on the number of available chips; and transmit, to the second device, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols or chips.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method for communication. The method comprises: determining an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips; and determining a TB size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method for communication. The method comprises: determining the number of available chips based at least on the number of information bits to be transmitted from a second device to a first device; determining the number of symbols or chips for transmission of the information bits based at least on the number of available chips; and transmitting, to the second device, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols or chips.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the third or fourth aspect.
[0010] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0012] Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of chips in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of PIE symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] Fig. 5 illustrates another example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0017] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0019] Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0020] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0021] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0022] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0023] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Small Data Transmission (SDT) , mobility, Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0024] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0025] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0026] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0027] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) / Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0028] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0029] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the 6G networks.
[0030] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘some embodiments’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least some embodiments. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0031] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0032] As described above, an AIoT system may apply at least one of a line code and channel code combined with OOK or BPSK modulation, which is different from an LTE or NR system. Calculation of a TB size in the LTE or NR system is based on slot level, which may not be valid for the AIoT system. Thus, there is a need to study how to determine TB size for the AIoT system.
[0033] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution for communication. In this solution, a first device determines an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips. In turn, the first device determines a TB size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable. With this solution, calculation of a TB size on chip level may be achieved.
[0034] Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system 100 may comprise a first device 110 and a second device 120.
[0035] In some embodiments, the communication system 100 may be implemented as an AIoT system. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the second device 120 may be implemented as a communication device. In such embodiments, the second device 120 may be referred to as a reader for the AIoT device.
[0036] In some embodiments, the reader may be implemented as a network device, and the AIoT device may be implemented as a terminal device, such as a tag. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the second device 120. The communication between the second device 120 and the first device 110 may comprise at least one of the following: Ambient IoT data or Ambient IoT signalling.
[0037] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the reader may be implemented as an intermediate node between the first device 110 and a network device. For example, the intermediate node may be implemented as multiple terminal devices (such as mobile phones, PDAs and so on) and communicate with a network device, and the AIoT device may be implemented as a terminal device, such as a tag. For another example, the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, a UE, or repeater which is capable of Ambient IoT. The first device 110 may communicate bidirectionally with the network device via the second device 120. The second device 120 transfers Ambient IoT data and / or signalling between the first device 110 and the network device.
[0038] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as a communication device, and the second device 120 may be implemented as an AIoT device. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may be referred to as a reader for the AIoT device.
[0039] It is to be understood that the number of devices shown in Fig. 1 is only for the purpose of illustration. The communication system 100 may include any suitable number of devices and entities.
[0040] Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 200 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 200 can be implemented at a device, such as the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 200 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 as performed by the first device 110 without loss of generality.
[0041] At block 210, the first device 110 determines an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips. Hereinafter, the unquantized intermediate variable is represented by Ninfo, and the number of available chips is represented by Nchip.
[0042] At block 220, the first device 110 determines a TB size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable.
[0043] In some embodiments, the TB size may be used for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120.
[0044] In some embodiments, the TB size may be used for an AIoT system. For example, the TB size may be used for transmission from a reader to an AIoT device. Alternatively, the TB size may be used for transmission from an AIoT device to a reader.
[0045] In some embodiments, a chip may refer to a shortest duration of one high voltage or one low voltage, to be used to convey information bits. This will be described with reference to Fig. 3.
[0046] Fig. 3 illustrates an example of chips in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example of Fig. 3, the OOK modulation may be used by the first device 110. As shown in Fig. 3, for an OOK signal, a chip #1 may refer to a shortest duration of one high voltage and a chip #2 may refer to a shortest duration of one low voltage.
[0047] It shall be understood that although the definition of the chip is described by taking OOK modulation for example, the definition of the chip may be applied to other Modulation and Coding schemes (MSC) . The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0048] In some embodiments, a total number of chips may comprise at least the number of available chips (Nchip) and the number of chips for at least one amble. Hereinafter, the total number of chips is represented by Nchipall, and the number of chips for at least one amble is represented by Namble.
[0049] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) by excluding the number of chips for at least one amble (Namble) from the total number of chips (Nchipall) . In this way, calculation of a TB size considers the chips for at least amble. For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0050] Nchip=Nchipall-Namble (1)
[0051] For example, for device to reader (D2R) transmission, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the equation (1) , where Nchipall is equal to the number of symbols. In some embodiments, in D2R transmission, a chip corresponds to one modulated symbol at least for OOK and BPSK modulations.
[0052] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the total number of chips (Nchipall) based on the number of symbols and the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the total number of chips (Nchipall) as the number of symbols multiplied by the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols.
[0053] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0054] Nchip=M·Nsym-Namble (2)
[0055] where Nsym represents the number of symbols, and M represents the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols.
[0056] For example, for reader to device (R2D) transmission, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the equation (2) .
[0057] In some embodiments, if OOK-1 modulation is applied, M is equal to 1. If OOK-m modulation is applied, M is equal to m.
[0058] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the total number of chips (Nchipall) or the number of symbols (Nsym) from an indication of time domain resource and repetition number. In some embodiments, the time domain resource and the repetition number may be explicitly or implicitly indicated.
[0059] As described above, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as an AIoT device (also referred to as Device for brevity) , and the second device 120 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. In some embodiments, for Device to Reader (D2R) scheduling, the following information potentially can be explicitly or implicitly indicated to the device via corresponding physical reader device channel (PRDCH) :
[0060] · Time domain resources
[0061] · Frequency domain resources
[0062] · MCS-like information
[0063] · Chip duration
[0064] · ID associated with device (s)
[0065] · Repetitions.
[0066] In some embodiments, the chip duration may be equal to 1 / M *a duration of a symbol, wherein M represents the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols.
[0067] For example, for R2D transmission, the chip duration may be equal to 1 / M *a duration of a symbol, wherein M represents the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols, wherein a duration of a symbol refers to the duration of a OFDM symbol with 15kHz subcarrier spacing, i.e. 1 / (15kHz) second.
[0068] For example, for D2R transmission, a chip corresponds to one modulated symbol at least for OOK and BPSK modulations. The chip duration may be equal to a duration of one modulated symbol at least for OOK and BPSK modulations. For example, the chip duration may be equal to 1 / (M*15kHz) second.
[0069] In some embodiments, the time domain resource may indicate the number of symbols. Alternatively, the time domain resource may indicate the number of group of symbols, and the number of symbol is equal to the number of groups multiplied by the number of symbols within a group.
[0070] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the time domain resource and the repetition number may indicate the number of symbols. For example, the time domain resource indicates the amount of time resource used by multiple repetitions. Then for each repetition, the number of When “amount of symbols indicated by time domain resource ” is multiples of repetition number , the number of
[0071] In some embodiments, the time domain resource may indicate the total number of chips. Alternatively, the time domain resource may indicate the number of group of chips, and the total number of chips is equal to the number of groups multiplied by the number of chips within a group. For example, the pre-configured number of chips within a group may be equal to 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 84, 112, 168 or 224, which may corresponds to M=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32, separately.
[0072] In some embodiments, the at least one amble may comprise at least one of the following: a preamble, a midamble, or a postamble. Hereinafter, the number of chips for the preamble is represented by Npre , the number of chips for the midamble is represented by Nmid , and the number of chips for the postamble is represented by Npost.
[0073] In some embodiments, the number of chips for the preamble may be predefined. For example, the number of chips for the preamble may be equal to a predefined value Nchip, pre.
[0074] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the number of chips for the preamble may increase with the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols (M) . For example, the number of chips for the preamble may be equal to M·Nchip, pre.
[0075] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the number of chips for the preamble may increase with M, where M corresponds to a chip duration of 1 / (M*15kHz) second.
[0076] Alternatively, in some embodiments, a look-up table may define mapping between Npre and M. The first device 110 may determine Npre based on the look-up table.
[0077] In some embodiments, the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) may be predefined or may increase with the number of symbols (Nsym) . In some embodiments, for transmission from an AIoT device to a reader, the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) may be predefined or may increase with the number of symbols (Nsym) or the total number of chips (Nchipall) . For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) based on the following:
[0078] where kgap represents a first threshold for Nsym, Nchip, mid represents the number of chips for a single midamble, represents a rounding down operation, represents a rounding up operation.
[0079] For another example, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) based on the following:
[0080] where kchip, gap represents a first threshold for Nchipall.
[0081] In some embodiments, the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) may be equal to zero when the number of symbols or Nchipall is below a number threshold.
[0082] In some embodiments, the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) may be equal to zero for transmission from a reader to an AIoT device.
[0083] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may apply line coding. For example, the first device may apply Manchester encoding. In such embodiments, if the first device 110 applies Manchester encoding, the number of chips for the midamble (Nmid) may be equal to zero for transmission from a reader to an AIoT device. In this way, calculation of a TB size considers the effect of the line coding.
[0084] In some embodiments, the number of chips for the postamble (Npost) may be predefined. For example, the number of chips for the postamble (Npost) may be equal to a predefined value Nchip, post.
[0085] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the number of chips for the postamble (Npost) may be equal to zero when the number of symbols or the total number of chips (Nchipall) is below a number threshold.
[0086] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may apply Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. In such embodiments, there is overhead for CRC. The first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) by excluding the number of chips for at least one amble (Namble) and the number of chips for CRC from the total number of chips (Nchipall) .
[0087] Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may transmit Demodulated Reference Signal (DMRS) with transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. In such embodiments, there is overhead for DMRS. The first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) by excluding the number of chips for at least one amble (Namble) and the number of chips for DMRS from the total number of chips (Nchipall) . For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0088] Nchip=Nchipall-Namble-Noverhead or Nchip=M·Nsym-Namble-Noverhead (5)
[0089] Noverhead may represent the number of chips for at least one of CRC and DMRS. Alternatively, Noverhead may be equal to a value configured by a higher layer. Alternatively, if Noverhead is not configured by the higher layer, Noverhead is set to 0. Alternatively, Noverhead may be equal to a sum of a value configured by the higher layer and the number of chips for at least one of CRC and DMRS.
[0090] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the unquantized intermediate (Ninfo) based at least on the number of available chips (Nchip) , a channel code rate and a line code rate. For example, the first device 110 may determine the unquantized intermediate (Ninfo) based on the following:
[0091] Ninfo=Nchip·Rchannel·Rline (6)
[0092] where Rchannel represents a channel code rate and can be determined from Table 1 as below, and Rline represents a line code rate.
[0093] Table 1
[0094] In some embodiments, the line code may comprise Manchester encoding or Frequency Modulation 0 (FM0) encoding. In such embodiments, Rline may be equal to 1 / 2.
[0095] Alternatively or additionally, in some embodiments, the line code may comprise Miller encoding (for example, Miller X, X=1, 2, 4, 8) . In such embodiments, Rline may be equal to 1 / 2X, where X=1, 2, 4 or 8.
[0096] In some embodiments, the TB size may be less than a predefined value (represented by TBSmax) . For example, the predefined value may be equal to one of the following: 1000, 1024, 128, 512 or any other appropriate value.
[0097] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine a first quantized intermediate number of information bits (represented by N″info) based on the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo ) . In turn, the first device 110 may determine the TB size based on the first quantized intermediate number.
[0098] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine a first unquantized intermediate variable (N′info) based on comparison of the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo) and the predefined value (TBSmax) . For example, the first device 110 may determine the first unquantized intermediate variable (N′info) based on the following:
[0099] N′info=min (Ninfo, TBSmax) (7)
[0100] where TBSmax=1000, 1024, 128, 512 or any other appropriate value which is pre-defined.
[0101] In turn, the first device 110 may determine the first quantized intermediate number of information bits (represented by N″info) based on the first unquantized intermediate variable (N′info) . For example, the first device 110 may determine the first quantized intermediate number of information bits (represented by N″info) based on the following:
[0102] where
[0103] Then, the first device 110 may use Table 2 to find the closest TB size (TBS) that is not less than N′info or N″info.
[0104] Table 2: TBS for Ninfo≤3824
[0105] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine a second quantized intermediate number of information bits (represented by N′info) based on the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo) . In turn, the first device 110 may determine the TB size based on the second quantized intermediate number. For example, the first device 110 may determine the second quantized intermediate number of information bits (represented by N′info) based on the following:
[0106] where
[0107] In turn, the first device 110 may determine the first quantized intermediate number of information bits (N″info) based on comparison of the second quantized intermediate number of information bits (N′info) and the predefined value (TBSmax) . For example, the first device 110 may determine the first quantized intermediate number of information bits (N″info ) based on the following:
[0108] N″info=min (N′info, TBSmax) (10)
[0109] where TBSmax=1000, 1024, 128, 512 or any other appropriate value.
[0110] Then, the first device 110 may use Table 2 to find the closest TBS that is not less than N″info.
[0111] Alternatively, in some embodiments, Table 2 may be updated to Table 3 in such a way that the upper limit of TBS in Table 2 may be set around TBSmax, for example, less than TBSmax; or limited to the first X items of Table 2, for example, X=53. An example of Table 3 is given as below.
[0112] Table 3
[0113] Table 3: TBS
[0114] In such embodiments, upon determining the second quantized intermediate number of information bits (N′info) based on the equation (9) , the first device 110 may use Table 3 to find the closest TBS that is not less than N′info. If all possible TBS values are less than N′info, the TB size is the largest one in Table 3.
[0115] In some embodiments, a PHY layer of the first device 110 may determine the TB size. Then, the PHY layer may report the TB size to higher layers of the first device 110. For example, the PHY layer may report the TB size to a MAC layer of the first device 110.
[0116] As described above, in some embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the second device 120 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. In some embodiments, with limited energy, the first device 110 may not be able to transmit throughout allocated resources. In such embodiments, optionally, a battery unit may report an energy situation of the first device 110 to the first device 110. The first device 110 may determine the TB size based on the energy situation. For example, the first device 110 may determine at least one of the following based at least on the energy situation of the first device 110: the number of transmission symbols supported by the first device 110, or the transmission duration supported by the first device 110. In some embodiments, optionally, the first device 110 may report the TB size to the second device 120.
[0117] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0118] Nchip=M·Nsustain-Namble-Noverhead (11)
[0119] where Nsustain represents the number of transmission symbols supported by the first device 110.
[0120] Alternatively, in such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0121] Nchip=Nchip, sustain-Namble-Noverhead (12)
[0122] where Nchip, sustain is obtained based on the energy situation.
[0123] Alternatively, in such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0124] Nchip=Nchipall-Namble-Noverhead (13)
[0125] where
[0126] Alternatively, in such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0127] where Tsustain represents the transmission duration supported by the first device 110, and Tsym represents a duration of a symbol.
[0128] Alternatively, in such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0129] Nchip=M·Nsym-Namble-Noverhead (15)
[0130] where Nsym≤ Nsustain , or In such embodiments, if Tsustain or Nsustain or Nchip, sustain is less than symbols or chips provided by the resource for transmission, the first device 110 may skip the transmission.
[0131] As described above, in some embodiments, the second device 120 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the first device 110 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. In some embodiments, with limited energy, the second device 120 may not be able to transmit or receive throughout allocated resources. In such embodiments, the second device 120 may report an energy situation of the second device 120 to the first device 110. The first device 110 may determine the TB size based on the energy situation.
[0132] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine at least one of the following based at least on the energy situation of the second device 120: the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the second device 120, the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device 120, the transmission duration supported by the second device 120, or the reception duration supported by the second device 120.
[0133] In such embodiments, for transmission from the second device 120 to the first device 110 (e.g., from the reader to the AIoT device) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0134] Nchip=M·Nrx-Namble-Noverhead (16)
[0135] where Nrx represents the number of reception symbols supported by the second device 120.
[0136] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the second device 120 to the first device 110 (e.g., from the reader to the AIoT device) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0137] Nchip=Nchipall, rx-Namble-Noverhead (17)
[0138] whereNchipall, rx represents the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device 120.
[0139] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the second device 120 to the first device 110 (e.g., from the reader to the AIoT device) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0140] where Trx represents the reception duration supported by the second device 120.
[0141] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the second device 120 to the first device 110 (e.g., from the reader to the AIoT device) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0142] Nchip=M·Nsym-Namble-Noverhead (19)
[0143] where Nsym≤Nrx, or
[0144] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the second device 120 to the first device 110 (e.g., from the reader to the AIoT device) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0145] Nchip=Nchipall-Namble-Noverhead (20)
[0146] where Nchipall≤Nchipall, rx.
[0147] In such embodiments, for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 (e.g., from the AIoT device to the reader) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0148] Nchip=M·Ntx-Namble-Noverhead (21)
[0149] where Ntx represents the number of transmission symbols supported by the second device 120.
[0150] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 (e.g., from the AIoT device to the reader) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0151] Nchip=Nchipall, tx-Namble-Noverhead (22)
[0152] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 (e.g., from the AIoT device to the reader) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0153] where Ttx represents the transmission duration supported by the second device 120.
[0154] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 (e.g., from the AIoT device to the reader) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0155] Nchip=M·Nsym-Namble-Noverhead (24)
[0156] where Nsym≤Ntx, or
[0157] Alternatively, in such embodiments, for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 (e.g., from the AIoT device to the reader) , the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on the following:
[0158] Nchip=Nchipall-Namble-Noverhead (25)
[0159] where Nchipall≤Nchipall, tx.
[0160] Consider an example. In this example, the second device 120 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the first device 110 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. The second device 120 may report an energy situation of the second device 120 to the first device 110. The energy situation is represented by E. E is restricted to an upper bound, for example, 1000. For example, E is equal to 1000.
[0161] The second device 120 may also report a device type of the second device 120 to the first device 110. The device type may comprise one of the following: device 1, device 2a, or device 2b. For example, the device type of the second device 120 is device 2a.
[0162] The second device 120 may also report an amplification status of the second device 120 to the first device 110. The amplification status may comprise one of the following: transmission (Tx) with amplifying, Tx without amplifying, reception (Rx) with amplifying, or Rx without amplifying.
[0163] The first device 110 may be configured with mapping among energy consumption power of the second device 120, the device type and the amplification status. Table 2 shows an example of the mapping among the energy consumption power, the device type and the amplification status of the second device 120.
[0164] Table 4
[0165] The first device 110 may determine or estimate the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 and the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 based on the mapping.
[0166] For example, as shown in Table 4, if the device type of the second device 120 is device 2a and the amplification status is “Tx without amplifying” , the energy consumption power of the second device 120 is equal to 3. The first device 110 may determine the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 is equal to i.e., 333.
[0167] If the device type of the second device 120 is device 2a and the amplification status is “Tx with amplifying” , the energy consumption power of the second device 120 is equal to 6. The first device 110 may determine the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 is equal to i.e., 166.
[0168] If the device type of the second device 120 is device 2a and the amplification status is “Rx without amplifying” , the energy consumption power of the second device 120 is equal to 1. The first device 110 may determine the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 is equal to 1000.
[0169] If the device type of the second device 120 is device 2a and the amplification status is “Rx with amplifying” , the energy consumption power of the second device 120 is equal to 2. The first device 110 may determine the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device 120 is equal to 1000 / 2, i.e., 500.
[0170] In turn, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (Nchip) based on one of the equations (11) to (25) as described above.
[0171] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may apply line coding. For example, the first device 110 may apply Pulse interval Encoding (PIE) . PIE represents data by defining different time widths between pulse falling edges. In such embodiments, a PIE length may depend on bits “0” and “1” portions, and the first device 110 may determine the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo) by considering the bits “0” and “1” . This will be described with reference to Fig. 4.
[0172] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of PIE symbols in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, for data “0” , a time width between pulse falling edges is equal to or greater than 1 Tari and equal to or less than 1.5 Tari. For data “1” , a time width between pulse falling edges is equal to or greater than 1.5 Tari and equal to or less than 2 Tari. 1 Tari is equal to a time width of two adjacent pulse falling edges.
[0173] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 applies PIE, a PHY layer of the first device 110 may provide the number of available chips (Nchip) and the channel code rate (Rchannel) to a MAC layer of the first device 110. Alternatively, the PHY layer may provide the number of available chips (Nchip ) multiplied by the channel code rate (Rchannel ) to the MAC layer. Alternatively, the PHY layer may provide, to the MAC layer, at least one parameter for determining the number of available chips (Nchip) and the channel code rate (Rchannel) .
[0174] In turn, based on the number of available chips (Nchip) , the channel code rate (Rchannel) and a range for the line code rate ( [Rline, min Rline, max] , e.g., [1 / 4, 1 / 2] ) , the MAC layer may determine a range for the unquantized intermediate variable ( [Nchip·Rchannel·Rline, min, Nchip·Rchannel·Rline, max] ) . Then, the MAC layer may determine the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo ) based on the range for the unquantized intermediate variable. For example, Ninfo∈[Nchip·Rchannel·Rline, min, Nchip·Rchannel·Rline, max] .
[0175] Alternatively, in some embodiments, if the first device 110 applies PIE, the PHY layer of the first device 110 may determine the unquantized intermediate variable (Ninfo) based on the number of available chips (Nchip) , the channel code rate (Rchannel) and a minimum line code rate supported by the first device 110. For example, the PHY layer of the first device 110 may determine a minimum unquantized intermediate variable based on the following:
[0176] Ninfo, min=Nchip·Rchannel·Rline, min (26)
[0177] where Ninfo, min represents a minimum unquantized intermediate variable, and Rline, min represents the minimum line code rate supported by the first device 110. Then, the PHY layer may determine the TB size based on the minimum unquantized intermediate variable. In turn, the PHY layer may report the TB size to the MAC layer.
[0178] In some embodiments, the first device 110 (such as the reader or AIoT device) may determine the TB size by performing a procedure in Table 5.
[0179] Table 5
[0180] As described above, in some embodiments, the second device 120 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the first device 110 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine time resource allocation information for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. This will be described with reference to Figs. 4 and 5.
[0181] Fig. 5 illustrates another example communication system 500 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 5, the communication system 500 may comprise the first device 110 and the second device 120. The second device 120 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the first device 110 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. The first device 110 schedules 510 resource for device to reader (D2R) transmission. The second device 120 performs 520 D2R transmission on the scheduled resource. Processes for determining the resource for D2R transmission will be described with reference to Figs. 6 and 7.
[0182] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 600 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 600 can be implemented at a device, such as the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 600 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 as performed by the first device 110 without loss of generality.
[0183] At block 610, the first device 110 determines the number of available chips (Nchip) based at least on the number of information bits to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110. Hereinafter, the number of information bits to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110 is represented by Ninfo, bit.
[0184] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of information bits to be transmitted (Ninfo, bit) based on a bit size of an identity of the second device 120 or information size by an inventory procedure.
[0185] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of information bits to be transmitted (Ninfo, bit) based at least on the number of available chips (Nchip) , a channel code rate and a line code rate. For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of information bits to be transmitted (Ninfo, bit) based on the following:
[0186] where Rchannel represents a channel code rate and can be determined from Table 1 as above, and Rline represents a line code rate.
[0187] At block 620, the first device 110 determines the number of symbols or chips for transmission of the information bits based at least on the number of available chips.
[0188] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits based on the following:
[0189] where Nsym represents the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits, Nchipall represents the number of chips for transmission of the information bits.
[0190] In some embodiments, if Nsym is multiples of kgap, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits (Nsym) based on the following:
[0191] In some embodiments, if the total number of chips (Nchipall) is multiples of kchip, gap, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips (Nchipall) based on the following:
[0192] In some embodiments, if no midamble is to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits (Nsym) based on the following:
[0193] Alternatively, in some embodiments, if no midamble is to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips (Nchipall) based on the following:
[0194] Nchipall=Nchip+Noverhead+Npre+Npost (32)
[0195] In some embodiments, if BPSK modulation is applied, the value of Noverhead may increase with the value of Nsym . For example, for every kRS , there is overhead for reference signals (RS) for BPSK modulation. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits based on the following:
[0196] Noverhead, 2 may represent the number of chips for at least one of CRC, DMRS and RS for BPSK modulation, Nchip, RS represents the number of chips for RS for BPSK modulation, kRS represents a second threshold for Nsym . Alternatively, Noverhead, 2 may be equal to a value configured by a higher layer. Alternatively, if Noverhead, 2 is not configured by the higher layer, Noverhead, 2 is set to 0. Alternatively, Noverhead, 2 may be equal to a sum of a value configured by the higher layer and the number of chips for at least one of CRC, DMRS and RS for BPSK modulation.
[0197] Alternatively, in such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips (Nchipall) based on the following based on the following:
[0198] In some embodiments, if BPSK modulation is applied and Nsym is multiples of kgap and kRS , the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits (Nsym) based on the following:
[0199] In some embodiments, if BPSK modulation is applied and Nchipall is multiples of kgap and kRS, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips (Nchipall) based on the following:
[0200] In some embodiments, if BPSK modulation is applied and no midamble is to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols for transmission of the information bits (Nsym) based on the following:
[0201] In some embodiments, if BPSK modulation is applied and no midamble is to be transmitted from the second device 120 to the first device 110, the first device 110 may determine the number of chips (Nchipall) based on the following:
[0202] At block 630, the first device 110 transmits, to the second device 120, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols (Nsym) or the number of chips (Nchipall) or information that could be used to obtain Nsym or Nchipall.
[0203] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 700 can be implemented at a device, such as the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 as performed by the first device 110 without loss of generality.
[0204] At block 710, the first device 110 determines the number of symbols (Nsym) or the number of chips (Nchipall) for transmission of the information bits.
[0205] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols (Nsym) or the number of chips (Nchipall) based on implementation of the first device 110.
[0206] At block 720, the first device 110 transmits, to the second device 120, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols (Nsym) or the number of chips (Nchipall) or information that could be used to obtain Nsym or Nchipall.
[0207] Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example embodiment of the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0208] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 and a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0209] The components included in the apparatuses and / or devices of the present disclosure may be implemented in various manners, including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, one or more units may be implemented using software and / or firmware, for example, machine-executable instructions stored on the storage medium. In addition to or instead of machine-executable instructions, parts or all of the units in the apparatuses and / or devices may be implemented, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs) , System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs) , Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) , and the like.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:determine an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips; anddetermine a transport block (TB) size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein a total number of chips comprises at least the number of available chips and the number of chips for at least one amble.3.The first device of claim 2, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine the total number of chips based on the number of symbols and the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols.4.The first device of claim 2, wherein the at least one amble comprises at least one of the following:a preamble,a midamble, ora postamble.5.The first device of claim 4, wherein the number of chips for the preamble is predefined or increases with the number of at least one chip carried on each of the symbols.6.The first device of claim 4, wherein the number of chips for the midamble is predefined or increases with the number of symbols, or equal to zero when the number of symbols or chips is below a number threshold; orwherein the number of chips for the midamble increases with decrease of a chip duration.7.The first device of claim 4, wherein the first device comprises a reader in an ambient internet of thing (AIoT) system; andthe number of chips for the midamble is equal to zero for transmission from the reader to an AIoT device; orwhen Manchester encoding is used for the transmission from the reader to the AIoT first device and the number of chips for the midamble is equal to zero for the transmission from the reader to the AIoT device.8.The first device of claim 4, wherein the number of chips for the postamble is predefined or equal to zero when the number of symbols is below a number threshold.9.The first device of claim 2, wherein the number of symbols is equal to or less than the number of transmission symbols supported by the first device; and / orwherein a duration of the number of symbols is equal to or less than a transmission duration supported by the first device.10.The first device of claim 9, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine at least one of the following based at least on an energy situation of the first device:the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the first device, orthe transmission duration supported by the first device.11.The first device of claim 2, wherein the number of chips is equal to or less than the number of transmission chips supported by the first device; and / orwherein a duration of the number of chips is equal to or less than a transmission duration supported by the first device.12.The first device of claim 2, wherein the number of symbols or chips is equal to or less than the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by a second device; and / orwherein the number of chips is equal to or less than the number of transmission chips supported by the second device; and / orwherein the number of symbols is equal to or less than the number of reception symbols supported by the second device; and / orwherein a duration of the number of symbols is equal to or less than a transmission duration supported by the second device; and / orwherein the duration of the number of symbols is equal to or less than a reception duration supported by the second device.13.The first device of claim 12, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine at least one of the following based at least on an energy situation of the second device:the number of transmission symbols or chips supported by the second device,the number of reception symbols or chips supported by the second device,the transmission duration supported by the second device, orthe reception duration supported by the second device.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein the TB size is less than a predefined value.15.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine the unquantized intermediate variable by:determining the unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips, a channel code rate and a line code rate.16.The first device of claim 15, wherein the first device is caused to determine the unquantized intermediate variable by:providing the number of available chips and the channel code rate from a physical layer of the first device to a medium access control layer of the first device;determining a range for the unquantized intermediate variable based on the number of available chips, the channel code rate and a range for the line code rate; anddetermining the unquantized intermediate variable based on the range for the unquantized intermediate variable.17.The first device of claim 15, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine the line code rate as a minimum line code rate supported by the first device.18.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine the TB size by:determine a quantized intermediate number of information bits based on the unquantized intermediate variable; anddetermine the TB size based on the quantized intermediate number.19.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is further caused to:report the TB size from a physical layer of the first device to higher layers comprising a medium access control (MAC) layer of the first device.20.The first device of claim 1, wherein the TB size is used for an ambient internet of thing (AIoT) system.21.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine the total number of chips or the number of symbols from an indication of time domain resource and repetition number, wherein the time domain resource and the repetition number are explicitly or implicitly indicated.22.A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the communication device to:determine the number of available chips based at least on the number of information bits to be transmitted from a second device to the first device;determine the number of symbols or chips for transmission of the information bits based at least on the number of available chips; andtransmit, to the second device, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols or chips.23.A method for communication, comprising:determining an unquantized intermediate variable based at least on the number of available chips; anddetermining a TB size based at least on the unquantized intermediate variable.24.A method for communication, comprising:determining the number of available chips based at least on the number of information bits to be transmitted from a second device to a first device;determining the number of symbols or chips for transmission of the information bits based at least on the number of available chips; andtransmitting, to the second device, time resource allocation information indicating the number of symbols or chips.25.A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, causing the device to carry out the method according to claim 23 or 24.