Devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication
By determining midamble transmission based on time domain resources, the method implicitly signals midamble presence, reducing overhead and improving communication efficiency in AIoT systems.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
There is a need to determine whether midamble is to be transmitted within Device-to-Reader (D2R) transmission in Ambient Internet of Things (AIoT) systems, as existing methods lack efficient mechanisms for implicit indication of midamble presence, leading to overhead in indication signaling.
A first device receives control information indicating time domain resources for transmission and determines whether midamble is to be transmitted based on these resources, implicitly indicating midamble presence to save overhead.
This approach reduces the overhead of explicit midamble indication by using time domain resources to implicitly signal midamble presence, enhancing communication efficiency in AIoT systems.
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Figure CN2024130625_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES, METHODS AND COMPUTER READABLE MEDIUM FOR COMMUNICATIONTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of telecommunication, and in particular, to devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication.BACKGROUND
[0002] Ambient Internet of Thing (AIoT) aims to inventory use case where one or more readers perform an inventory procedure among one or more nearby AIoT devices. An AIoT device may transmit midamble within transmission from the AIoT device to a reader (D2R) . Midamble can be used for purposes of at least one of the following: synchronization, sampling frequency offset (SFO) estimation, CFO estimation, channel estimation, or interference estimation. Thus, there is a need to study how to determine whether midamble is to be transmitted within the D2R transmission.SUMMARY
[0003] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide devices, methods and computer readable medium for communication.
[0004] In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to cause the first device to: receive, from a second device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; and determine whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0005] In a second aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises at least one processor. The at least one processor is configured to cause the second device to: transmit, to a first device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; and determine whether midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0006] In a third aspect, there is provided a method for communication. The method comprises: receiving, from a second device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; and determining whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0007] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method for communication. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; and determining whether midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0008] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon. The instructions, when executed on at least one processor of a device, cause the device to perform the method according to the third or fourth aspect.
[0009] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] Through the more detailed description of some embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0011] Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication system in which implementations of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0012] Fig. 2 illustrates another example communication system in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0013] Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0014] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of chips in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0015] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of chips of a reader and an AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0016] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a small frequency shift in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0017] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0018] Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0019] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitations as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0021] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0022] As used herein, the term “terminal device” refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, device on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Small Data Transmission (SDT) , mobility, Multicast and Broadcast Services (MBS) , positioning, dynamic / flexible duplex in commercial networks, reduced capability (RedCap) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0023] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , Network-controlled Repeaters, and the like.
[0024] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0025] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g. FR1 (410 MHz –7125 MHz) , FR2 (24.25GHz to 71GHz) , frequency band larger than 100GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0026] The network device may have the function of network energy saving, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) / Minimization of Drive Tests (MDT) . The terminal may have the function of power saving.
[0027] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g. signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator.
[0028] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the 6G networks.
[0029] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘some embodiments’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least some embodiments. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0030] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0031] As described above, an AIoT device may transmit midamble within D2R transmission. Thus, there is a need to study how to determine whether midamble is to be transmitted within the D2R transmission. D2R transmission is scheduled by a reader using reader to device (R2D) control information. Therefore, there is a need to study how to implicitly indicate presence of midamble using R2D control information.
[0032] In view of the above, the present disclosure provides a solution for communication. In this solution, a first device receives, from a second device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device. The control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission. Alternatively, the control information can be used to obtain at least time domain resources associated with the transmission. In other words, at least the time domain resources associated with the transmission can be obtained from the control information. In turn, the first device determines whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources. With this solution, at least the time domain resources in the control information may implicitly indicate presence of midamble. Implicit indication of midamble may save indication overhead. With this solution, at least the time domain resources in the control information may be used to determine the presence of midamble. By doing so, it may save the overhead of midamble indication.
[0033] Fig. 1 illustrates an example communication system 100 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 1, the communication system 100 may comprise a first device 110 and a second device 120.
[0034] In some embodiments, the communication system 100 may be implemented as an AIoT system. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the second device 120 may be implemented as a communication device. In such embodiments, the second device 120 may be referred to as a reader for the AIoT device.
[0035] In some embodiments, the reader may be implemented as a network device, and the AIoT device may be implemented as a terminal device, such as a tag. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the second device 120. The communication between the second device 120 and the first device 110 may comprise at least one of the following: Ambient IoT data or Ambient IoT signalling.
[0036] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the reader may be implemented as an intermediate node between the first device 110 and a network device. For example, the intermediate node may be implemented as multiple terminal devices (such as mobile phones, PDAs and so on) and communicate with a network device, and the AIoT device may be implemented as a terminal device, such as a tag. For another example, the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, a UE, or repeater which is capable of Ambient IoT. The first device 110 may communicate bidirectionally with the network device via the second device 120. The second device 120 transfers Ambient IoT data and / or signalling between the first device 110 and the network device.
[0037] It is to be understood that the number of devices shown in Fig. 1 is only for the purpose of illustration. The communication system 100 may include any suitable number of devices and entities.
[0038] Fig. 2 illustrates another example communication system 200 in which embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. As shown in Fig. 2, the communication system 200 may comprise the first device 110 and the second device 120 in Fig. 1. The first device 110 may be implemented as an AIoT device, and the second device 120 may be implemented as a reader for the AIoT device. The second device 120 transmits control information to the first device 110 to schedule 210 transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. In some embodiments, the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120 is also referred to as D2R transmission. The control information indicates at least time domain resources (also referred to as scheduled resources) associated with the D2R transmission. The first device 110 performs 220 D2R transmission on the scheduled resource.
[0039] Fig. 3 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 300 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 300 can be implemented at a device, such as the first device 110 as shown in Fig. 1 or 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 300 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2 as performed by the first device 110 without loss of generality.
[0040] At block 310, the first device 110 receives, from the second device 120, control information for transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. The control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission.
[0041] At block 320, the first device 110 determines whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0042] In some embodiments, if the first device 110 determines that midamble is to be transmitted, the first device 110 may transmit midamble within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120.
[0043] With the method 300, at least the time domain resources in the control information may be used to determine the presence of midamble within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. Without direct indication, it may save indication overhead.
[0044] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based on the time domain resources and at least one of the following:
[0045] · a repetition number for the transmission,
[0046] · information related to a chip duration or chip length,
[0047] · an SFO,
[0048] · a device type of the first device 110,
[0049] · an error threshold,
[0050] · a duration threshold,
[0051] · a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) ,
[0052] · a parameter related to an SFO,
[0053] · a modulation scheme for the transmission,
[0054] · a receiving method to be used by the second device 120,
[0055] · the number of chips for a single midamble, or
[0056] · information related to a chip duration or chip length.
[0057] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of the midamble based on a time duration of the time domain resources and at least one of the following:
[0058] · a duration threshold,
[0059] · a repetition number for the transmission,
[0060] · an SFO,
[0061] · the number of chips for a single midamble,
[0062] · information related to a chip duration or chip length,
[0063] · a device type of the first device 110,
[0064] · an error threshold,
[0065] · a duration threshold,
[0066] · an MCS,
[0067] · a parameter related to a small frequency shift,
[0068] · a modulation scheme for the transmission, or
[0069] · a receiving method to be used by the second device 120.
[0070] In some embodiments, an AIoT device has an SFO up to 10X ppm, where X=5, 4 or 3.For example, if X=4, there is 1%time offset. When one D2R transmission maintains a long duration, the accumulated time difference would be 1%*duration. Thus, midamble is needed when the transmission duration beyonds a duration threshold. In such embodiments, if a time duration of the time domain resources (represented by TD2R ) is greater than or equal to a duration threshold (represented by Tthresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) is less than the duration threshold (Tthresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R≥ Tthresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R< Tthresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R=Tthresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0071] In some embodiments, a unit of the time duration of the time domain resources may include, but is not limited to: symbol, slot, millisecond, microsecond, the number of groups of symbols, the number of chips, or the number of groups of chips.
[0072] In some embodiments, the duration threshold (Tthresh ) may be predefined, configured by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or pre-configured.
[0073] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and the duration threshold (Tthresh) .
[0074] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0075] where represents a rounding up operation, represents a rounding down operation. For example, when Thus, when the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0076] For another example, if postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0077] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (1) to (4) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0078] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a repetition number (represented by R) for the transmission. In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and the repetition number (R) is greater than or equal to a duration threshold (represented by Tthresh ) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R·R≥ Tthresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R< Tthresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In such embodiments, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission. When TD2R·R= Tthresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0079] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the duration threshold (Tthresh) and the repetition number (R) .
[0080] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0081] For example, when TD2R·R= Tthresh, Thus, when the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0082] For another example, if postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as the following:
[0083] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (5) to (8) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0084] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether midamble is to be transmitted based on the time domain resources and the information related to the chip duration or chip length. The chip duration may have the same meaning as the chip length. Thus, the term “chip duration” may be used interchangeably with the term “chip length” .
[0085] In some embodiments, a chip may refer to a shortest duration of one high voltage or one low voltage, to be used to convey information bits. This will be described with reference to Fig. 4.
[0086] Fig. 4 illustrates an example of chips in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In the example of Fig. 4, the OOK modulation may be used by the first device 110. As shown in Fig. 4, for an OOK signal, a chip #1 may refer to a shortest duration of one high voltage and a chip #2 may refer to a shortest duration of one low voltage.
[0087] In some embodiments, a chip duration may be equal to 1 / M *a duration of a symbol, wherein M represents the number of chips carried on a symbol. For example, for R2D transmission, the chip duration may be equal to 1 / M *a duration of a symbol.
[0088] For example, for D2R transmission, a chip corresponds to one modulated symbol at least for OOK and BPSK modulations. The chip duration may be equal to a duration of one modulated symbol at least for OOK and BPSK modulations. For example, the chip duration may be equal to 1 / (M*15kHz) second.
[0089] It shall be understood that although the definition of the chip is described by taking OOK modulation for example, the definition of the chip may be applied to other Modulation and Coding schemes (MSC) . The scope of the present disclosure is not limited in this regard.
[0090] In some embodiments, a chip duration may have effect on presence of midamble. This will be described with reference to Fig. 5.
[0091] Fig. 5 illustrates an example of chips of a reader (such as the second device 120) and an AIoT device (such as the first device 110) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0092] As shown in Fig. 5, chips 510, 512, 514, 516, 518 and 520 of the reader corresponds to chips 530, 532, 534, 536, 538 and 540 of the AIoT device. A chip duration of each of the chips 510, 512, 514, 516, 518 and 520 is greater than a chip duration of each of the chips 530, 532, 534, 536, 538 and 540. Thus, there is a time offset between the chips 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520 and the chips 530, 532, 534, 536, 538, 540. For example, there is a time offset between the chip 510 and the chip 530. As the number of chips increases, the time offset may be accumulated. Thus, about 40%of the chip duration of the chip 520 overlaps with that of the chip 540, and about 60%of the chip duration of the chip 520 overlaps with that of a chip 542 of the AIoT device. Hence, the signal on chip 542 will affect the determination on chip 520. It can be understood from Fig. 5 that a chip duration may have effect on presence of midamble and a longer chip duration would be more robust to timing error. Thus, the first device 110 may determine whether midamble is to be transmitted based on the time domain resources and the information related to the chip duration or chip length.
[0093] In some embodiments, the information related to the chip duration or chip length may comprise the number of chips carried on a symbol. Hereinafter, the number of chips carried on a symbol is represented by M.
[0094] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine an error threshold (represented by T′thresh) based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length. For example, the first device 110 may determine the error threshold (T′thresh) based on one of the following: T′thresh=Tsym / 2M or Tsym / M (9) T′thresh=1 / (2·M·15kHz) or T′thresh=1 / (M·15kHz) (10)
[0095] where Tsym represents a time duration of a symbol and may be predefined, Tsym / M represents a chip duration.
[0096] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R·SFO≥ T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. SFO is equal to a value which is pre-defined, configured by a radio resource control (RRC) signaling or pre-configured. For example, SFO is 10X ppm, where X=5, 4 or 3. When TD2R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0097] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a repetition number for the transmission (R) and information related to a chip duration or chip length. The first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length. For example, the first device 110 may determine the error threshold (T′thresh) based on the above equation (9) or (10) .
[0098] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number (R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0099] For example, if TD2R·R·SFO ≥ T′thresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In such embodiments, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission. When TD2R·R·SFO= T′thresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0100] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the SFO and the error threshold (T′thresh) .
[0101] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0102] For another example, if postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0103] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (11) to (14) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0104] For a still further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the following:
[0105] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (15) to (18) . In some examples, the above equations (17) and (18) could be used if postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120. If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0106] In some embodiments, synchronization level may be determined based on a device type. The midamble may be used to rectify timing error from “accuracy after clock synchronization (sync) ” . In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine an SFO based on a device type of the first device 110. The device type may comprise one of the following: device 1, device 2a or device 2b. The device type of the first device 110 is known by the second device 120.
[0107] For example, the first device 110 may be configured with mapping between the device type and “accuracy after clock sync” (i.e., SFO) . Table 1 gives an example of the mapping between the device type and “accuracy after clock sync” (i.e., SFO) .
[0108] Table 1
[0109] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and the SFO is greater than or equal to an error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R·SFO≥ T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. For example, SFO is equal to 10X ppm, which depends on the device type. When TD2R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0110] For example, TD2R=1000, SFO= 102 ppm, T′thresh=0.5, then TD2R·SFO=0.1<T′thresh. Thus, he first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted.
[0111] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a repetition number for the transmission (R) and the information related to a chip duration or chip length. The first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length. For example, the information related to the chip duration or chip length may comprise the number of chips carried on a symbol (M) . The first device 110 may determine the error threshold (T′thresh) based on the above equation (9) or (10) .
[0112] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether midamble is to be transmitted based on the time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and the device type. If a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the repetition number (R) and the SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0113] For example, if TD2R·R·SFO≥ T′thresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0114] For another example, if TD2R·R·SFO≥ T′thresh =Tsym / 2M , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R·SFO< T′thresh=Tsym / 2M, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·R·SFO=T′thresh=Tsym / 2M, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0115] For a further example, if TD2R·SFO≥ T′thresh =Tsym / 2M, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·SFO< T′thresh=Tsym / 2M, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·SFO= T′thresh=Tsym / 2M, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resources used by multiple repetitions for the transmission.
[0116] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and at least one of the following: the SFO, the repetition number for the transmission (R) , and the information related to the chip duration or chip length (such as M) .
[0117] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0118] For example, if postamble is to be transmitted, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0119] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (18-1) and (18-2) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0120] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate an MCS, a repetition number for the transmission (R) and information related to a chip duration or chip length. For example, the information related to the chip duration or chip length may comprise the number of chips carried on a symbol (M) .
[0121] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine resources required for the transmission based on at least one of the MCS, the repetition number and the information related to the chip duration or chip length.
[0122] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of available chips (represented by Nchip) based on the following:
[0123] where Ninfo represents the number of information bits to be transmitted. RMCS may be associated with at least one of a channel code rate and a line code rate. For example, RMCS is equal to a product of the channel code rate and the line code rate.
[0124] In turn, the first device 110 determines the number of chips required for the transmission (represented by Nrequired) based at least on the number of available chips (Nchip) . For example, the first device 110 determines the number of chips required for the transmission (Nrequired) based on the following: Nrequired=Nchip+ Npreamble+ Npostamble (20)
[0125] where Npreamble represents the number of chips for preamble, Npostamble represents the number of chips for postamble.
[0126] Then, the first device 110 determines the number of symbols required for the transmission (represented by Trequired) based on the number of chips required for the transmission (represented by Nrequired) and the number of chips carried on a symbol. For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of symbols required for the transmission (represented by Trequired) based on the following:
[0127] In such embodiments, if a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) is greater than or equal to a time duration of the resources required for the transmission, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. Alternatively, if a difference between a time duration of the time domain resources and a time duration of the resources required for the transmission is greater than or equal to a difference threshold, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0128] For example, TD2R=500, Ninfo = 100, RMCS=1 / 8, M=2, Npreamble+ Npostamble=20, Tthresh =3, then Nchip =800, Nrequired =820, Trequired=410, TD2R> Trequired . Thus, the first device 110 determines midamble is to be transmitted.
[0129] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the time resources required for the transmission based on the number of chips required for the transmission (represented by Nrequired) and the chip duration. The first device 110 may compare the time resources required for the transmission with the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) .
[0130] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the number of symbols required for the transmission (Trequired) , and the number of symbols for midamble (represented by Tmidamble) .
[0131] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0132] where Nmidamble represents the number of chips for midamble. ND2R is the chip number for TD2R, for example, ND2R=TD2R / chip duration.
[0133] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (22) to (26) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0134] In some embodiments, small frequency shift is introduced for Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM) among multiple D2R transmissions. A small frequency shift may have effect on presence of midamble. This will be described with reference to Fig. 6.
[0135] Fig. 6 illustrates an example of a small frequency shift in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 6, for small frequency shifts in D2R using Manchester line codes by repetition of the codewords within the same time duration Tb corresponding to an information bit, each Manchester codeword is repeated by a codeword repetition number R, where R = Tb / (2 *chip length) , such that the amount of small frequency shift in Hz is R / Tb = 1 / (2 *chip length) . The number of repetitions of the codewords within the same time duration (Tb) is represented by K. K is a parameter related to the small frequency shift and may be determined based on the small frequency shift. For example, in the example of Fig. 6, K=6 or 12.
[0136] It may be understood that by adding the small frequency shift, the effective number of chips carried on a symbol is increased, the robustness to synchronization error is weakened, and more dense midamble is needed.
[0137] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter (represented by MK) related to a small frequency shift.
[0138] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine an error threshold (represented by T′thresh) based on the parameter (MK) related to the small frequency shift. For example, the first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on one of the following: T′thresh=Tsym / (2·MK) (27-1) T′thresh=Tsym / (MK) (27-2) T′thresh=1 / (2·MK·15kHz) (27-3) T′thresh=1 / (MK·15kHz) (27-4)
[0139] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R·SFO≥ T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. For example, SFO is equal to 10X ppm, which is predefined, pre-configured, RRC configured, or pre-set.
[0140] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter (represented by K) related to a small frequency shift and information related to a chip duration or chip length. In some embodiments, the information related to the chip duration or chip length may comprise the number of chips carried on a symbol (M) .
[0141] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine an error threshold (represented by T′thresh) based on the parameter (K) related to the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length. For example, the first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on the following: T′thresh=Tsym / (2·M·K) or T′thresh=Tsym / (M·K) (27)
[0142] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. For example, if TD2R·SFO≥ T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. For example, SFO is equal to 10X ppm, which is predefined, pre-configured, RRC configured, or pre-set.
[0143] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter (MK) related to a small frequency shift and a repetition number for the transmission (R) . The first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on the parameter (MK) related to the small frequency shift. The first device 110 may determine the error threshold (T′thresh) based on one of the above equations (27-1) to (27-4) .
[0144] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the repetition number (R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0145] For example, if TD2R·R·SFO≥ T′thresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0146] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter (K) related to a small frequency shift, information related to a chip duration or chip length and a repetition number for the transmission (R) . The first device 110 may determine an error threshold (T′thresh) based on the parameter (K) related to the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length. For example, the information related to the chip duration or chip length may comprise the number of chips carried on a symbol (M) . The first device 110 may determine the error threshold (T′thresh) based on the above equation (27) .
[0147] In such embodiments, if a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the repetition number (R) and an SFO is greater than or equal to the error threshold (T′thresh) , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0148] For example, if TD2R·R·SFO≥ T′thresh , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If TD2R·R·SFO< T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. When TD2R·R·SFO= T′thresh, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0149] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , the SFO and the error threshold (T′thresh) .
[0150] For example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0151] For another example, if postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0152] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (28-1) and (28) to (31) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0153] In some embodiments, a modulation scheme may have effect on presence of midamble. For example, for BPSK modulation, midamble may be used for channel estimation or phase estimation. For OOK modulation, midamble may be used for synchronization.
[0154] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a modulation scheme for the transmission. The first device 110 may determine a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme. If a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0155] For example, a first duration threshold (represented by Tthresh, BPSK) may be predefined for BPSK modulation, and a second duration threshold (represented by Tthresh, OOK) may be predefined for OOK modulation, where Tthresh, BPSK≤ Tthresh, OOK. If the control information indicates BPSK modulation and TD2R≥Tthresh, BPSK , the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0156] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a modulation scheme for the transmission and a repetition number for the transmission (R) . The first device 110 may determine a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme. If a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and the repetition number (R) is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0157] For example, a first duration threshold (represented by Tthresh, BPSK) may be predefined for BPSK modulation, and a second duration threshold (represented by Tthresh, OOK) may be predefined for OOK modulation, where Tthresh, BPSK≤ Tthresh, OOK . If the control information indicates BPSK modulation and TD2R·R≥Tthresh, BPSK, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0158] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , and the duration threshold determined based on the modulation scheme.
[0159] For example, if the control information indicates BPSK modulation, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0160] For another example, if the control information indicates BPSK modulation and postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0161] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (32-1) , (32) and (33) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0162] In some embodiments, a receiving method to be used by the second device 120 may have effect on presence of midamble. For example, the receiving method to be used by the second device 120 may comprise coherent detection or non-coherent detection. For coherent detection and non-coherent detection, the function of midamble is different.
[0163] In such embodiments, the control information may further indicate the receiving method to be used by the second device 120. The first device 110 may determine whether midamble is to be transmitted based on the time domain resources and the receiving method.
[0164] In such embodiments, the first device 110 may determine a duration threshold based on the receiving method. If a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0165] For example, the receiving method to be used by the second device 120 may comprise coherent detection or non-coherent detection. A third duration threshold (represented by Tcoherent) may be predefined for coherent detection, and a fourth duration threshold (represented by Tnon-coherent) may be predefined for non-coherent detection. If the control information indicates coherent detection is to be used and TD2R≥Tcoherent, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If the control information indicates non-coherent detection is to be used and TD2R≥Tnon-coherent, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0166] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a receiving method to be used by the second device 120 and a repetition number for the transmission (R) . The first device 110 may determine a duration threshold based on the receiving method. If a product of a time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) and the repetition number (R) is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0167] For example, the receiving method to be used by the second device 120 may comprise coherent detection or non-coherent detection. A third duration threshold (Tcoherent) may be predefined for coherent detection, and a fourth duration threshold (Tnon-coherent) may be predefined for non-coherent detection. If the control information indicates coherent detection is to be used and TD2R·R≥Tcoherent, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. If the control information indicates non-coherent detection is to be used and TD2R·R≥Tnon-coherent, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted. In this example, the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) may be equal to the amount of time resource used by a single repetition for the transmission.
[0168] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on the time duration of the time domain resources (TD2R) , and the duration threshold determined based on the receiving method.
[0169] For example, if the control information indicates coherent detection is to be used, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0170] For another example, if the control information indicates coherent detection is to be used and postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0171] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (34-1) , (34) and (35) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0172] For a further example, if the control information indicates non-coherent detection is to be used, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as or
[0173] For a still further example, if the control information indicates non-coherent detection is to be used and postamble is to be transmitted within the transmission from the first device 110 to the second device 120, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble as one of the following:
[0174] For a further example, the first device 110 may determine the number of midamble based on one of the above equations (36) to (45) . If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0175] In some embodiments, the first device 110 may determine whether midamble is to be transmitted based on the number of the midamble. If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is not to be transmitted. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the first device 110 may determine midamble is to be transmitted.
[0176] Fig. 7 illustrates a flowchart of an example method 700 in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the method 700 can be implemented at a device, such as the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1 or 2. For the purpose of discussion, the method 700 will be described with reference to Fig. 1 or 2 as performed by the second device 120 without loss of generality.
[0177] At block 710, the second device 120 transmits, to the first device 110, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device. The control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission.
[0178] At block 720, the second device 120 determines whether midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.
[0179] In some embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0180] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0181] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length; based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0182] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length; based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0183] In some embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0184] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0185] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining the error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length.
[0186] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) , a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining resources required for the transmission based on at least one of the MCS, the repetition number and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; and based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a time duration of the resources required for the transmission, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission; or based on determining that a difference between a time duration of the time domain resources and a time duration of the resources required for the transmission is greater than or equal to a difference threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0187] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter related to a small frequency shift. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0188] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift and information related to a chip duration or chip length. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0189] In some embodiments, the control information may further indicate a parameter related to a small frequency shift and a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the small frequency shift; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0190] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift, information related to a chip duration or chip length and a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining an error threshold based on the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0191] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; and based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0192] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission and a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0193] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; and based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0194] In some embodiments, the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device and a repetition number for the transmission. In such embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise: determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; and based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0195] In some embodiments, determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission may comprise determining whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based on the time domain resources and at least one of the following:
[0196] · a repetition number for the transmission,
[0197] · information related to a chip duration or chip length,
[0198] · a sampling frequency offset,
[0199] · a device type of the first device,
[0200] · an error threshold,
[0201] · a duration threshold,
[0202] · a Modulation and Coding Scheme,
[0203] · a parameter related to a small frequency shift,
[0204] · a modulation scheme for the transmission,
[0205] · a receiving method to be used by the second device,
[0206] · the number of chips for a single midamble, or
[0207] · information related to a chip duration or chip length.
[0208] In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: determining the number of the midamble based on a time duration of the time domain resources and at least one of the following:
[0209] · a duration threshold,
[0210] · a repetition number for the transmission,
[0211] · a sampling frequency offset,
[0212] · the number of chips for a single midamble,
[0213] · information related to a chip duration or chip length,
[0214] · a device type of the first device,
[0215] · an error threshold,
[0216] · a duration threshold,
[0217] · a Modulation and Coding Scheme,
[0218] · a parameter related to a small frequency shift,
[0219] · a modulation scheme for the transmission, or
[0220] · a receiving method to be used by the second device.
[0221] In some embodiments, the second device 120 may determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based on the number of the midamble. If the number of midamble is equal to zero, the second device 120 may determine the midamble is not expected to be received within the transmission. If the number of midamble is greater than zero, the second device 120 may determine the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.
[0222] Fig. 8 is a simplified block diagram of a device 800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 800 can be considered as a further example embodiment of the first device 110 or the second device 120 as shown in Fig. 1. Accordingly, the device 800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.
[0223] As shown, the device 800 includes a processor 810, a memory 820 coupled to the processor 810, a suitable transceiver 840 coupled to the processor 810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 840. The memory 810 stores at least a part of a program 830. The transceiver 840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 840 may include at least one of a transmitter 842 and a receiver 844. The transmitter 842 and the receiver 844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0224] The components included in the apparatuses and / or devices of the present disclosure may be implemented in various manners, including software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, one or more units may be implemented using software and / or firmware, for example, machine-executable instructions stored on the storage medium. In addition to or instead of machine-executable instructions, parts or all of the units in the apparatuses and / or devices may be implemented, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components. For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardware logic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) , Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) , Application-specific Standard Products (ASSPs) , System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs) , Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLDs) , and the like.
Claims
1.A first device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the first device to:receive, from a second device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information can be used to obtain at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; anddetermine whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.2.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.3.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.4.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length;based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.5.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length;based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.6.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.7.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.8.The first device of claim 6 or 7, wherein the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining the error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length.9.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) , a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining resources required for the transmission based on at least one of the MCS, the repetition number and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a time duration of the resources required for the transmission, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission; orbased on determining that a difference between a time duration of the time domain resources and a time duration of the resources required for the transmission is greater than or equal to a difference threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.10.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.11.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.12.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the small frequency shift; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.13.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift, information related to a chip duration or chip length and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based at least on the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.14.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.15.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.16.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.17.The first device of claim 1, wherein the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission.18.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to determine whether the midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based on the time domain resources and at least one of the following:a repetition number for the transmission,information related to a chip duration or chip length,a sampling frequency offset,a device type of the first device,an error threshold,a duration threshold,a Modulation and Coding Scheme,a parameter related to a small frequency shift,a modulation scheme for the transmission,a receiving method to be used by the second device,the number of chips for a single midamble, orinformation related to a chip duration or chip length.19.The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is further caused to:determine the number of the midamble based on a time duration of the time domain resources and at least one of the following:a duration threshold,a repetition number for the transmission,a sampling frequency offset,the number of chips for a single midamble,information related to a chip duration or chip length,a device type of the first device,an error threshold,a duration threshold,a Modulation and Coding Scheme,a parameter related to a small frequency shift,a modulation scheme for the transmission, ora receiving method to be used by the second device.20.A second device, comprising:a processor configured to cause the second device to:transmit, to a first device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information can be used to obtain at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; anddetermine whether midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.21.The second device of claim 20, wherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:based on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.22.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to a duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.23.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length;based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.24.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length;based on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.25.The second device of claim 20, wherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.26.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a sampling frequency offset based on a device type of the first device; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and the sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to an error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.27.The second device of claim 25 or 26, wherein the control information further indicates information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining the error threshold based on the information related to the chip duration or chip length.28.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS) , a repetition number for the transmission and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining resources required for the transmission based on at least one of the MCS, the repetition number and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to a time duration of the resources required for the transmission, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission; orbased on determining that a difference between a time duration of the time domain resources and a time duration of the resources required for the transmission is greater than or equal to a difference threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.29.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.30.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift and information related to a chip duration or chip length; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the parameter related to the small frequency shift and the information related to the chip duration or chip length; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.31.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a parameter related to a small frequency shift and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining an error threshold based on the small frequency shift; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources, the repetition number and a sampling frequency offset is greater than or equal to the error threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.32.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.33.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a modulation scheme for the transmission and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the modulation scheme; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.34.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; andbased on determining that a time duration of the time domain resources is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.35.The second device of claim 20, wherein the control information further indicates a receiving method to be used by the second device and a repetition number for the transmission; andwherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission by:determining a duration threshold based on the receiving method; andbased on determining that a product of a time duration of the time domain resources and the repetition number is greater than or equal to the duration threshold, determining the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission.36.The second device of claim 20, wherein the second device is caused to determine whether the midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based on the time domain resources and at least one of the following:a repetition number for the transmission,information related to a chip duration or chip length,a sampling frequency offset,a device type of the first device,an error threshold,a duration threshold,a Modulation and Coding Scheme,a parameter related to a small frequency shift,a modulation scheme for the transmission,a receiving method to be used by the second device,the number of chips for a single midamble, orinformation related to a chip duration or chip length.37.The second device of claim 20, wherein the second device is further caused to:determine the number of the midamble based on a time duration of the time domain resources and at least one of the following:a duration threshold,a repetition number for the transmission,a sampling frequency offset,the number of chips for a single midamble,information related to a chip duration or chip length,a device type of the first device,an error threshold,a duration threshold,a Modulation and Coding Scheme,a parameter related to a small frequency shift,a modulation scheme for the transmission, ora receiving method to be used by the second device.38.A method for communication, comprising:receiving, from a second device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; anddetermining whether midamble is to be transmitted within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.39.A method for communication, comprising:transmitting, to a first device, control information for transmission from the first device to the second device, wherein the control information indicates at least time domain resources associated with the transmission; anddetermining whether midamble is expected to be received within the transmission based at least on the time domain resources.