Devices and methods for communication
A core network device manages battery-less IoT devices by harvesting ambient energy for communication, addressing the challenge of energy-less operation and enhancing data transmission efficiency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NEC CORP
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-07
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing communication technologies face challenges in managing battery-less or low-energy ambient IoT devices, as they lack efficient methods for energy harvesting and data transmission without manual recharging, particularly in environments where power sources are absent.
The implementation of a core network device that manages ambient IoT devices by obtaining and transmitting information related to device and connection states, enabling efficient communication and service requests through energy harvesting from ambient radio waves.
Enables effective management and communication with battery-less IoT devices by harnessing ambient energy, facilitating seamless data collection and transmission without the need for manual recharging.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024130662_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION
[0001] FIELDS
[0002] Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for management of reader of ambient Internet of Things (IoT) device.BACKGROUND
[0003] In recent years, IoT has attracted much attention in the wireless communication world. IoT technologies are expected to drastically change landscape of various industries. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. Thus, ambient IoT (AIoT) is proposed, which is a promising field in some communication systems such as the 5th generation mobile communication technology (5G) new radio (NR) . The ambient IoT refers to the IoT without power and energy sources. Specifically, the ambient IoT terminal node, which is also referred to as an ambient IoT device or tag, obtains energy from the environment. For example, an ambient IoT device may capture and collect energy by collecting radio waves to complete data collection, transmission and distributed computing, etc.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods, devices and computer storage medium for management of reader of ambient IoT device.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a first core network device. The first core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and transmit, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a second core network device. The second core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second core network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a second core network device. The second core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from a first core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a third core network device. The third core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the third core network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of AIoT; and transmit, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided a first core network device. The first core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a second core network device. The second core network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first core network device. The method comprises: obtaining information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and transmitting, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second core network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receiving, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second core network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0016] In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a third core network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; receiving, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of AIoT; and transmitting, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT.
[0017] In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receiving, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request.
[0018] In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first core network device. The method comprises: obtaining information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmitting, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0019] In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second core network device. The method comprises: obtaining information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmitting, to the set of network devices, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0020] In a sixteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a network device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0021] In a seventeenth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, or sixteenth aspect.
[0022] Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:
[0024] FIG. 1A illustrates an example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0025] FIG. 1B illustrates another example communication environment in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented;
[0026] FIG. 1C illustrates example logical system architecture for AIoT device;
[0027] FIG. 2A illustrates an example diagram showing a direct path for communication between a reader and an AIoT function for Topology 1;
[0028] FIG. 2B illustrates an example diagram showing protocol stack and layers used in the direct path for communication between a reader and an AIoT function for Topology 1;
[0029] FIG. 2C illustrates an example diagram showing an indirect path for communication between a reader and an AIoT function for Topology 1;
[0030] FIG. 2D illustrates an example diagram showing protocol stack and layers used in the indirect path for communication between a reader and an AIoT function for Topology 1;
[0031] FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0032] FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of the AIoT service request transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0033] FIG. 5 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0034] FIG. 6 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0035] FIG. 7 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0036] FIG. 8 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0037] FIG. 9 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0038] FIG. 10 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0039] FIG. 11 illustrates another signaling flow of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0040] FIG. 12A illustrates user-plane architecture for Topology 2;
[0041] FIG. 12B illustrates a protocol stack for the user-plane architecture for Topology 2;
[0042] FIG. 12C illustrates a protocol stack for a radio resource control (RRC) option in architecture for AIoT;
[0043] FIG. 12D illustrates another protocol stack for a radio resource control (RRC) option in architecture for AIoT;
[0044] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0045] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0046] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a third core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0048] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0049] FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0050] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second core network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0051] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a network device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0052] FIG. 21 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0053] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0054] Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0055] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0056] As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure / network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , eXtended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast / broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4 / IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.
[0057] The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.
[0058] The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.
[0059] The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed / unlicensed / shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.
[0060] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal device may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.
[0061] As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.
[0062] In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.
[0063] As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.
[0064] As used herein, the term “suspend” may be interchangeable with the term “cease” , “de-active” , “stop” , “pause” or “release” . The term “resume” may be interchangeable with the term “active” , “reactive” , “restart” or “start” .
[0065] As used herein, the term “received AIoT service request” may be referred to as a “last AIoT service request” , a “current AIoT service request” , a “stored AIoT service request” or a “requested AIoT service request” .
[0066] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
[0067] FIG. 1A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example communication environment 100 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. In the communication environment 100, an AIoT device 110 communicates with a communication device such as a reader 120. The AIoT device 110 may be a battery-less device, an energy storage disabled device, or a device with limited energy storage capability, such as an ambient IoT device. The AIoT device 110 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the reader 120 such as a network device or other suitable device.
[0068] As used herein, the term “ambient IoT device” may be referred to as a “passive device” , “passive IoT” , “IoT device” , “A-IoT device” , “AIoT device” or the like. Examples of the ambient IoT device may include but not limited to tags, sensors, radio frequency (RF) components, or the like. The ambient IoT device may not necessarily be able to generate signals independently, and may have very low or even no energy storage capacity. The energy for the ambient IoT device may be provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable.
[0069] As mentioned, the AIoT device 110 may be the ambient IoT device which has no energy storage, no independent signal generation or amplification. The AIoT device 110 may support a backscattering transmission. Such AIoT device 110 may be referred to as “Device A” or “Device type A” . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the AIoT device 110 supporting the backscattering transmission may has energy storage, but no independent signal generation. For such AIoT device 110, use of stored energy may include amplification for reflected signals. Such AIoT device 110 may be referred to as “Device B” or “Device type B” . Alternatively, in some embodiments, the AIoT device 110 has energy storage and has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission. Such AIoT device 110 may be referred to as “Device C” or “Device type C” . In some following embodiments, the AIoT device 110 may be a Device A or a Device B or a Device C.
[0070] In some embodiments, the AIoT device 110 may be of different device types. A first device type of the AIoT device 110 (referred to as Device 1) may support about 1 μW peak power consumption, have energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0071] A second device type of the AIoT device 110 (referred to as Device 2a) may support less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, have energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.
[0072] A third device type of the AIoT device 110 (referred to as Device 2b) may support less than or equal to a few hundred μW peak power consumption, harvest energy storage, initial SFO up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device’s UL transmission is generated internally by the device.
[0073] In some embodiments, the reader 120 may be a network device such as a base station, a gNB (also referred to as an AIoT enabled gNB or RAN node) , a relay, or an IAB device, a terminal device such as UE, or any other suitable device. The reader 120 may transmit a signal (also referred to as “ambient IoT signal” ) to the AIoT device 110. As used herein, a device such as the reader 120 transmitting the ambient IoT signal to the AIoT device 110 may be referred to as an “ambient IoT device reader” or “reader” . The AIoT device 110 receives the ambient IoT signal and may perform a backscattering transmission based on the ambient IoT signal. For example, the AIoT device 110 may collect or harvest energy from the ambient IoT signal and use the collected energy to transmit the backscattering transmission. As used herein, the term “signal” may be referred to as a “waveform” . The term “ambient IoT signal” may be referred to as an “ambient IoT data” , “ambient IoT signaling” , “ambient IoT waveform” , “harvesting signal” , “carrier wave (CW) ” , “inventory signal” , or “command” . The ambient IoT signal may be a physical layer (PHY) signal.
[0074] In embodiments where the reader 120 being a network device such as a base station, the AIoT device 110 may directly and bidirectionally communicate with the base station. The Topology of the AIoT device 110 and the reader 120 shown in FIG. 1A may be referred to as a “Topology 1” . The reader 120 in FIG. 1A may be referred to as a reader for the AIoT device 110.
[0075] FIG. 1B illustrates a schematic diagram of another example communication environment 150 in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. Different with FIG. 1A, in the communication environment 150, the AIoT device 110 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node such bas the reader 120 between the AIoT device 110 and a network device 160 such as a base station. The reader 120 between the AIoT device 110 and the network device 160 may be referred to as an “intermediate node” or “intermediate device” . Examples of the intermediate node may include but not limited to a terminal device such as UE (also referred to as a UE reader, and AIoT enabled UE, an AIoT node or an AIoT enabled transmission reception point (TRP) ) , a relay, an IAB node, a repeater, a distributed unit (DU) or any other suitable device supporting AIoT. The intermediate node (that is, the reader 120 in FIG. 1B) may transmit an ambient IoT signal to the AIoT device 110, and receive a backscattering transmission from the AIoT device 110. The reader 120 may be implemented as a communication device such as UE via which the AIoT device and the network device may communicate. In some embodiments, the reader 120 may be a UE reader of the ambient IoT device. The network device 160 may be implemented as the network device serving the reader.
[0076] The reader 120 such as the intermediate node communicates with the AIoT device 110 for example via Uu interface. The reader 120 may transmit the ambient IoT signal to the AIoT device 110 based on the signal from the reader 120. The reader 120 may receive a backscattering transmission from the AIoT device 110 and forward the information, derived from the backscattering transmission, to the network device 160. The Topology of the AIoT device 110, the reader 120 (the intermediate node) and the network device 160 (such as the network device) shown in FIG. 1B may be referred to as a “Topology 2” .
[0077] As used herein, the reader 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B may be referred to as an “ambient IoT device reader” , “A-IoT device reader” , “passive device reader” , “IoT device reader” “reader” , “reader for the AIoT device 110” . The reader 120 may support one or more ambient IoT device (s) . The reader 120 may operate as a UE and be referred to as “UE reader” , or may operate as a radio access network (RAN) node and be referred to as an ambient RAN (A-RAN) , a RAN reader or an A-RAN reader. The network device 160 in FIG. 1B may also be referred to as an A-RAN node or an A-RAN node serving the reader.
[0078] As shown, in the communication environment 100 and / or the communication environment 150, a core network (CN) device 130 may communicate with the reader 120 and / or the network device 160. That is, the reader 120 and / or the network device 160 may communicate with a CN via the CN device 130. The reader 120 and / or the network device 160 may be managed or controlled by the CN device 130.
[0079] The CN device 130 may include a CN function supporting AIoT services, which may also be referred to as an “AIoT CN device” , “AIoT CN node” , “AIoT CN” , a “CN function with AIoT function” , “AIoT controller” , “AIoT device management” , “AIoT reader management” , “AIoT capable access and mobility management function (AMF) ” or “ambient IoT function (AIoTF) ” . Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the CN device 130 may include an application function (AF) and / or NR CN function such as AMF, unified data management (UDM) , or other CN function or node. By way of example, the CN device 130 may be with an AMF, or part of an AMF or integrated with the AMF, which may be referred to as an “AMF with ambient IoT’s functionalities integrated” . As another example, the CN device 130 may be an AF or part of the AF or integrated with the AF, which may be referred to as an “AF with ambient IoT’s functionalities integrated” .
[0080] In some embodiments, the communication environment 100 or 150 may include additional CN nodes or functions, such as a charging function (CHF) , an access stratum (AS) , an authentication service function (AUSF) , a network exposure function (NRF) , a network function repository function (NRF) , or the like. It is to be understood that there may be more or less CN nodes or functions in the communication environment 100 or 150.
[0081] In some embodiments, the network device 160 may be an AIoT enabled gNB. The reader 120 may be an AIoT enabled UE. As used herein, the AIoT enabled gNB refers to a gNB supporting AIoT random access network (RAN) function, which is able to communicate with the AIoT enabled UE via NR Uu interface. The AIoT enabled UE may refer to a UE supporting common reader function, which is able to communicate with the AIoT device via the AIoT radio interface. The AIoT CN such as the CN device 130 may host certain functions for AIoT as of the functional split between RAN and CN. The AIoT radio refers to a radio interface between AIoT device and AIoT RAN node in Topology 1 and between AIoT device and AIoT-enabled UE in Topology 2.
[0082] FIG. 1C illustrates an example diagram of logical system architecture 170 for AIoT. As illustrated, the AIoT device 110 communicates with an AIoT enabled UE 180 (such as the reader 120 in FIG. 1B) via an AIoT radio interface. The AIoT device 110 may be equipped with characteristics specified in a standard. The AIoT radio interface may be a radio interface between AIoT device 110 and a common reader function of the AIoT enabled UE 180. The AIoT enabled UE 180 may communicate with an AIoT enabled gNB 185 (such as the network device 160 in FIG. 1B) via a NR Uu interface.
[0083] The AIoT enabled UE 180 may host certain functions for AIoT as part of the functional split between RAN and CN. For example, the AIoT enabled UE 180 may include the common reader function. The AIoT enabled gNB 185 may include an AIoT RAN node function. The common reader function is a function that communicates with the AIoT device 110 by means of AIoT radio. The AIoT RAN node function is a function residing in AIoT enabled UE 180. The AIoT RAN node function contains, e.g., the control of the AIoT radio resources used towards the AIoT device 110.
[0084] The AIoT enabled gNB 185 may communicate with an AIoT CN function 190 (such as the CN device 130) via an interface. The AIoT CN function 190 may host certain functions for AIoT as of the functional split between RAN and CN. The interface between the AIoT CN function 190 and the AIoT enabled gNB 185 may be an interface on which certain AIoT specific functions are performed.
[0085] It is to be understood that although a single CN device 130 is shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, in some embodiments, there may be a plurality of CN devices or CN nodes communicating with the reader 120 and / or the network device 160. The one or more CN devices may support one or more CN functions. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0086] It is to be understood that the number of devices as shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B is for purpose of illustration without any limitation. In embodiments of the present disclosure, there may be more or less devices.
[0087] A procedure of a functionality of the AIoT device 110 may involve the AIoT device 110, the reader 120, the CN device 130, the network device 160 (for Topology 2) and optionally one or more CN nodes or functions. As used herein, the term “functionality” of the AIoT device 110 may also be referred to as an “application” or “service” of the AIoT device 110, or an “ambient IoT functionality” , “ambient IoT application” , or “ambient IoT service” .
[0088] In the communication environ 100 or the communication environment 150, several use cases on ambient IoT are supported. An example use case may be a use case of indoor inventory such as a use case on ambient IoT on automated warehousing. Specifically, for such use case, when the goods are placed on shelves in the warehouse and have been stored for a certain period of time, the management platform starts the indoor inventory task periodically for double check of the goods (total goods or per different batch / group) , and generates a list of tags to be inventoried, sends the list to the 5G network. The 5G network receives the list and sends large-scale / specified inventory signals. The Ambient IoT device in the 5G network coverage may establish communication with the network. The 5G network may interact with the corresponding devices according to the inventory requirements to obtain goods information. The 5G network may send the acquired goods information to the management platform. During these procedures, the read operation may involve device-originated (DO) device-terminated triggered (DTT) traffic.
[0089] Another use case may be for indoor command, such as a use case on online modification of medical instruments status. In such use case, through 5G network and the IoT device, the medical instrument information (such as the serial number of the instrument, usage status, usage records, years of use, integrity, or the like) may be remotely read, modified and written by the medical instrument management platform. During these procedures, the write or modifying operation may involve a device-terminated (DT) traffic, and the read operation may involve a DO-DTT traffic.
[0090] It is to be understood that these described use cases are only for purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Any suitable use case may be supported by embodiments of the present disclosure. Scope of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0091] In some example embodiments, a link from the reader 120 to the AIoT device 110 is referred to as a downlink (DL) or reader to device (R2D) link, while a link from the AIoT device 110 to the reader 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) or device to reader (D2R) link. In DL, the reader 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the AIoT device 110 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the AIoT device 110 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the reader 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .
[0092] The communications in the communication environment 100 may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.
[0093] In some embodiments, the reader 120 such as a base station (BS) reader or a UE reader may communicate with an AIoTF directly. FIG. 2A illustrates an example diagram showing a direct path for communication between a reader such as a BS reader 220 and an AIoTF 230 for an AIoT device in Topology 1. FIG. 2B shows example protocol stack and layers of the AIOT device 210, the BS reader 220 and the AIoTF 230 in FIG. 2A. As shown, the AIoT layer of the AIoT device 210 is associated with the AIoT layer of the AIoTF 230. The lower layers of the AIoT device 210 are associated with the lower layers of the BS reader 220. The AIOT reader control layer of the BS reader 220 is associated with the AIOT reader control layer of the AIoTF 230. The lower layers of the BS reader 220 is associated with the lower layers of the AIoTF 230.
[0094] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the reader 120 such as a base station (BS) reader or a UE reader may communicate with an AIOTF indirectly. FIG. 2C illustrates an example diagram showing an indirect path for communication between the BS reader 220 and the AIoTF 230 in Topology 1. As shown, the BS reader 220 communicates with the AIoTF 230 via an AMF 260. FIG. 2D shows example protocol stack and layers of the AIoT device 210, the BS reader 220, the AMF 260 and the AIoTF 230 in FIG. 2C. As shown, the AIoT layer of the AIoT device 210 is associated with the AIoT layer of the AIoTF 230. The lower layers of the AIoT device 210 are associated with the lower layers of the BS reader 220. The NG-AP layer of the BS reader 220 is associated with the lower layer of the AMF 260. The SBI protocol stack of the AMF 260 is associated with the SBI protocol stack of the AIoTF 230.
[0095] It is to be understood that these example protocol stack, layers and architecture are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Further architecture may be applied for Topology 1 and / or Topology 2. Embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited here. Several example architecture for Topology 2 will be described with respect to FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D.
[0096] As mentioned, AIoT service request such as inventory or command request may be transmitted. In some mechanisms, AF may raise inventory or command request towards AMF or AIoTF. The request includes area information optionally. Then AMF or AIoTF selects reader (s) for this service accordingly.
[0097] In some mechanisms, AF may raise inventory / command request towards AMF / AIoTF. The request includes area information optionally. AMF or AIoTF selects some candidate reader (s) accordingly and sends the candidate reader (s) list to RAN node. The reader who is used to perform this A-IoT service is finally determined by RAN node. Alternatively, in some mechanisms, AF determines reader directly based on the location of UE reader.
[0098] In some mechanisms, the A-IoT capable UEs in RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_CONNECTED state may be selected as intermediate UEs.
[0099] In some mechanisms, if A-IoT capable UEs in RRC_IDLE or RRC_INACTIVE state is selected, it should be transferred to RRC_CONNECTED state before initiating A-IoT procedure.
[0100] To be specific, for the intermediate UE selection dominated by the CN, the A-IoT capable UE in RRC_IDLE, RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_CONNECTED state may be reached. While, for the intermediate UE selection dominated by gNB, the A-IoT capable UE in RRC_INACTIVE and RRC_CONNECTED state may be reached directly.
[0101] However, if selecting RRC inactive and / or idle UE, how to trigger the paging if UE readers in inactive or idle state are selected needs to be considered. In addition, if selecting RRC connected UE, how to be aware of the RRC state of UE reader needs to be considered. Moreover, which identifier (ID) is used to identity the UE reader is also a concerning problem.
[0102] Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for management of reader of A-IoT device. In the solution, a first core network device such as an AIoTF or an AF obtains information associated at least one terminal device such as UE reader. The information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device. The first core network device transmits, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an AIoT service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.
[0103] In this way, the first core network device such as AIoTF or AF may select the at least one terminal device such as UE reader based on the obtained information. The first core network device may inform other devices about the selected UE reader or transmit the AIoT service request.
[0104] Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures. FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow 300 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 300 involves a first CN device 301, a second CN device 302, a third CN device 303, a network device 304 and a terminal device 305. By way of example, the network device 304 may be implemented as the network device 160 in FIG. 1B such as a gNB or a serving cell of the gNB. The terminal device 305 may be implemented as the reader or intermediate node 120 in FIG. 1B, such as a UE reader, a DU or a TRP. It is to be understood that although a single first CN device, a single second CN device, a single third CN device, a single network device and a single terminal device are illustrated in FIG. 3, there may be more than one first, second, third CN device, more than one terminal device and / or more than one network device in the signaling flow 300.
[0105] It is to be understood that in some embodiments, two or more of the first, second and third CN devices may be integrated into a single entity. One of these CN devices may be part of another CN device. For example, the first CN device 301 and the second CN device 302 may be implemented as an AMF with AIoTF which performs functions of AMF and AIoTF. If the first CN device 301 and the second CN device 302 are integrated into a single entity, the signaling and interactions between the first CN device 301 and the second CN device 302 may be implemented by internal operations or implementations. Similar implementations may be applied for other combination of these CN devices. In some embodiments, partial function of one of these CN devices may be provided by another one of these CN devices in another implementation. The functions or operations of the first, second and third CN device may be varied. Scope of embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0106] In operation, the first CN device 301 obtains (310) information associated at least one terminal device 305. The information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device 304 associated with the at least one terminal device 305, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device 305.
[0107] By way of example, the information may include at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305, identifier information of at least one network device 304, type information of the at least one network device 304, at least one RRC state of the at least one terminal device 305, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request. The type information may indicate that a network device is a serving network device, an anchor network device or a network device rather than the serving or anchor network device. The RRC state of a terminal device may be an RRC connected state, an RRC inactive state or an RRC idle state, or the like. In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 such as the AIoTF may obtain information associated with the terminal device from other CN device such as AMF. The information may include location information of the network device 304 such as gNB or a cell of the gNB, location information of UE or TRP, or the like.
[0108] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a first terminal device 305 in an RRC connected state, and the information may include device information of a serving network device 304 of the first terminal device 305.
[0109] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a second terminal device 305 in an RRC inactive state, and the information may include device information of an anchor network device 304 for the second terminal device 305. Alternatively or in addition, an area information, such as RAN notification area (RNA) , corresponding to the second terminal device 305 may be included in the information.
[0110] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a third terminal device 305 in an RRC idle state, and no network device 304 information corresponding to the third terminal device 305 may be included in the information. Alternatively or in addition, an area information, such as tracking area (TA) , corresponding to the third terminal device 305 may be included in the information.
[0111] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a fourth terminal device 305 in a CM connected state / registered state, and the network device 304 information (such as a serving network device or an anchor network device) corresponding to the fourth terminal device 305 may be included in the information. For example, the registered state may be a registration management (RM) -registered state or other registered state. If the first CN device 301 performs a registration for the terminal device 305, the state of the terminal device may be RM-registered. If a deregistration is performed for the terminal device 305, for example, by the first, second or third CN device, the state of the terminal device 305 may be RM-deregistered.
[0112] The first CN device 301 transmits (320) , based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305 or an AIoT service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device 305, the at least one network device 304, any network device in the area, or the second CN device 302. For example, the second CN device 302 receives (322) the identifier information and / or the AIoT service request. The network device 304 may receive (324) the identifier information and / or the AIoT service request. The terminal device 305 may receive (326) the identifier information and / or the AIoT service request. As an example, the AIoT service request may be associated with the at least one terminal device, for example, including the identity information of the at least one terminal device. That is, the network device 304 may receive the AIoT service request comprising the corresponding identity information. The terminal device 305 may receive the AIoT service request comprising an ID of the terminal device 305.
[0113] If the first CN device 301 transmits (320) the AIoT service request to the terminal device 305, the first CN device 301 may transmit a packet or protocol data unit (PDU) carrying the identifier of the terminal device 305. Alternatively, the first CN device 301 transmits (320) the AIoT service request to the terminal device 305 via a tunnel or channel corresponding to the terminal device 305. Likewise, if the first CN device 301 transmits (320) the AIoT service request to the network device 304, the first CN device 301 may transmit a packet or protocol data unit (PDU) carrying the identifier of the network device 304. Alternatively, the first CN device 301 transmits (320) the AIoT service request to the network device 304 via a tunnel or channel corresponding to the network device 304.
[0114] In some embodiments, the second CN device 302, the network device 304 and / or the third CN device 303 may transmit (312 / 314 / 316) , to the first CN device 301, updated device information of the at least one network device 304, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device 305, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request. The first CN device 301 may obtain (310) the updated information. The updated information may include information of UE served by the gNB, or information regarding gNB serving the UE. The updated information may be transmitted to the first CN device 301 upon the UE entering an RRC connected state from an inactive state or idle state. The updated information may be transmitted to the first CN device 301 upon any other state switch among the RRC connected state, RRC idle state, RRC idle state. In this way, the gNB information and / or RRC state may be updated when the RRC state changed. Alternatively or in addition, the updated information may be transmitted to the first CN device 301 upon the UE changing its serving cell / gNB or anchor gNB, or performing an area updating, such as TA updating (TAU) or RNA updating (RNAU) .
[0115] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may include an AIoTF, the second CN device 302 may include an AMF and the third CN device may include an AF. The second CN device 302 may transmit (312) the information to the first CN device 301 for example, periodically. Alternatively, or in addition, the network device 304 may transmit (314) the information to the first CN device 301, for example, periodically. In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit, to the second CN device 302 and / or the network device 304, a request for the information. In response to receiving the request, second CN device 302 and / or the network device 304 may transmit the information to the first CN device 301. The request for the information may be transmitted periodically.
[0116] In some embodiments, the request for the information may include at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305, area information of the at least one terminal device 305, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request. For example, the area information of the at least one terminal device 305 may indicate terminal devices within the indicated area. The area information of the AIoT service may indicate a service area of the AIoT service. The terminal device may be within the service area. For example, the service area may be referred to as a geographic area or a few cells / gNBs.
[0117] In some embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305 may include at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device 305. The at least one first identifier is associated with an AIoT service or for AIoT. As used herein, an identifier associated with an AIoT service may be referred to as an “AIoT ID” , “AIoT ID of UE reader” , “UE reader ID for AIoT” , “AIoT node ID” , “ID allocated / managed by AIoT CN, such as AIOTF or AMF with AIoT function” , or “ID allocated / managed by AF” . As used herein, the term “identifier” , “ID” and “identification” may be used interchangeably.
[0118] The at least one first identifier may be mapped to at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device 305. The at least one second identifier is associated with a NR network or a third-generation partnership project (3GPP) specified network (NW) . As used herein, the second identifier associated with the NR network may be referred to as “NR ID” , “3GPP ID” , International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) , Cell Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI) , Inactive Radio Network Temporary Identifier (I-RNTI) , or “ID allocated / managed by 3GPP / NR” .
[0119] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit, to the second CN device 302, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device 305.
[0120] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from the second CN device 302, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device 305. The registration indication includes the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device 305. The first CN device 301 or a further CN function may allocate the at least one first identifier for the at least one terminal device 305. The first CN device 301 may store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device 305. For example, the first CN device 301 may store the at least one first identifier, the at least one second identifier and the mapping relationship between them. The first CN device 301 may store the NR ID in the UE context along with the associated AIoT ID.
[0121] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may (automatically) perform a registration of the at least one terminal device 305 with the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device 305. Likewise, the first CN device 301 may store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device 305.
[0122] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may perform a deregistration (of the at least one terminal device 305) to release the allocated first identifiers. After the deregistration, the first CN device 301 may update the mapping and inform to other CN device or node. Alternatively or in addition, the second CN device 302 or the third CN device 305 may perform a deregistration (of the at least one terminal device 305) , and may indicate the first CN device 301 to release the allocated first identifiers. For example, AIoTF or AMF may perform the deregistration or release.
[0123] In some embodiments, if the information indicates a first terminal device 305 in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, the first CN device 301 may transmit the AIoT service request to the first terminal device 305. If the information indicates a second terminal device 305 in an RRC inactive state and / or RRC idle state, the first CN device 301 may transmit (330) a triggering message for paging to at least one of the second CN device 302 or a network device 304 associated with the second terminal device 305. The second CN device 302 may receive (332) the triggering message. The network device 304 may alternatively receive (336) the triggering message. The triggering message for paging may include at least one of a cause value of AIoT, or an identifier associated with the second terminal device 305. The identifier of the second terminal device may be NR ID or AIoT ID.
[0124] If the information indicates a third terminal device 305 in an RRC idle state, the first CN device 301 may transmit (330) a triggering message for paging to the second CN device 302. The second CN device 302 may receive (332) the triggering message. The triggering message for paging may include at least one of a cause value of AIoT, or an identifier associated with the third terminal device 305. The identifier of the third terminal device may be NR ID or AIoT ID.
[0125] In some embodiments, the second CN device 302 receives (332) the triggering message which indicating a cause value of AIoT and / or an RRC inactive or RRC idle mode of the at least one terminal device. The second CN device 302 may transmit (350) , to the at least one network device 304 or the at least one terminal device 305, a paging message associated with the at least one terminal device or a triggering message for paging. The paging message or the triggering message for paging may indicate a cause value of AIoT. That is, the second CN device 302 may trigger the at least one network device 304 to send paging message, or the first CN device 301 may send the trigger message via the second CN device 302. The network device 304 may receive (352) the paging message. The network device 304 may generate or forward the paging message. The terminal device 305 may receive (354) the paging message. In response to receiving (354) the paging message, the terminal device 305 may carry the AIoT cause in the RRC connection establishment procedure (e.g., RRCSetupRequest message) or RRC connection resume procedure (e.g., RRCResumeRequest message) .
[0126] As mentioned, in some embodiments, the third CN device 303 may receive (334) the triggering message which indicating a cause value of AIoT and / or an RRC inactive or RRC idle mode of the at least one terminal device. The third CN device 303 may transmit (340) , to the at least one network device 304 or the at least one terminal device 305, a paging message associated with the at least one terminal device or a triggering message for paging. The paging message or the triggering message for paging may indicate a cause value of AIoT. That is, the third CN device 303 may trigger the at least one network device 304 to send paging message, or the first CN device 301 may send the trigger message via the third CN device 303. The network device 304 may receive (342) the paging message. The network device 304 may generate or forward the paging message. The terminal device 305 may receive (344) the paging message. In response to receiving (344) the paging message, the terminal device 305 may carry the AIoT cause in the RRC connection establishment procedure (e.g., RRCSetupRequest message) or RRC connection resume procedure (e.g., RRCResumeRequest message) .
[0127] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from the third CN device 303, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating at least one of: identifiers of a set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, area information of the AIoT service, or area information of the set of terminal devices. The first CN device 301 may determine the at least one terminal device 305 from the set of terminal devices. The request may include an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state. In embodiments where the third CN device 303 being an AF, the target state may be an RRC connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, registered state or the like. Alternatively, or in addition, the target state may also be a registered state or other suitable state. Sope of embodiments of the present disclosure is not limited here.
[0128] In this way, the AIoTF selects UE reader in all RRC states or selects UE reader in RRC connected state. The AIoTF may derive target gNB for UE reader. The AIoTF or AMF or gNB may further map AIoT ID to NR ID of UE reader. The AIoTF is thus enabled to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service.
[0129] Several embodiments have been described with the first CN device 301 being the AIoTF, the second CN device 301 being the AMF and the third CN device 303 being the AF. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may be the AF, the second CN device 302 may be the AIoTF, and the third CN device 303 may be the AMF. In such embodiments, the first CN device 301 transmit (320) , to the second CN device 302, the AIoT service request including at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305, the information, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device 305. For example, the target state may be an RRC connected state or an RRC inactive state or a CM connected state. Alternatively or in addition, the indication of the target state may indicate any terminal device 305 with all RRC state can be selected. The second CN device 302 receives (322) the AIoT service request. The identifier information may include at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device such as at least one AIoT ID.
[0130] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive the information of the at least one terminal device from the second CN device 302 and / or the third CN device 303. In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit a request for the information to the second CN device 302 and / or the third CN device 303. The second CN device 302 and / or the third CN device 303 may response with the information. Alternatively or in addition, the first CN device 301 may transmit a request for the information to the at least one network device 304. The at least one network device 304 may response with the information. The transmission of the request and / or the information may be periodically.
[0131] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit (330) , to at least one of the second CN device 302, the at least one network device 304, or a third CN device 303, a triggering message for paging. The triggering message indicates at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device 305, or a cause value for AIoT. The second CN device 302 may receive (332) the triggering message. The third CN device 303 may receive (334) the triggering message.
[0132] In some embodiments, in response to receiving (334) the triggering message, the third CN device 303 may trigger the paging. Alternatively, the triggering message may be implicitly indicated. For example, if the third CN device 303 receives an AIoT service request, the third CN device 303 may trigger a paging for idle or inactive UE reader. The UE reader may be selected by the third CN device 303, or provided by the first CN device 301 or the second CN device 302 in a UE reader list. To select an idle or inactive UE reader or to select an RRC connected UE reader may be preconfigured, or indicated by the first CN device 301 or the second CN device 302.
[0133] It is to be understood that other device or node such as the second CN device 302 (for example, AF or AMF or other CN device) or the network device 304 (for example, gNB) may also indicate or receive an implicit triggering message to trigger the paging. Details of such implicit paging triggering will be similar to those of the third CN device, and will not be repeated here.
[0134] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit (320) , to the second CN device 302, the AIoT service request indicating a connection state of the at least one terminal device 305. The connection state may be an RRC connected state, an RRC inactive state or any other suitable state. The first CN device 301 may receive, from the second CN device 302, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device 305, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0135] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from the second CN device 302, mapping information between the at least one first identifier (such as AIoT ID) of the at least one terminal device 305 and the at least one second identifier (such as NR ID) of the at least one terminal device 305. Alternatively or in addition, the second CN device 302 may receive, from the first CN device 301, mapping information between the at least one first identifier (such as AIoT ID) of the at least one terminal device 305 and the at least one second identifier (such as NR ID) of the at least one terminal device 305. The mapping between first and second identifiers may be performed by the first CN device 301, the second CN device 302, the third CN device 303 or any other suitable device or node. The mapping may be used for searching a state of a node, triggering a paging, or transmitting data or request, or the like. For example, AMF may perform the mapping for data transmission from AIoTF to gNB and change the AIoT ID to NR ID. The gNB may perform the mapping for data transmission from AIoTF to UE reader via the gNB. The gNB may change the AIoT ID to NR ID. With the mapping information, the UE may be identified or search by AIoT ID or by NR ID.
[0136] In some embodiments, the second CN device 302 may receive (322) the AIoT service request indicating the connection state of the at least one terminal device. The second CN device 302 may receive, from the third CN device 303, at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device such as NR ID. The second CN device 303 may transmit, to at least one of: the first CN device 301, the third CN device 303 or the at least one network device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0137] Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, the second CN device 302 may transmit, to at least one of: the first CN device 301, the third CN device 303 or the at least one network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0138] With these embodiments, the AF selects the UE readers. The AF or AIoTF may derive target gNB for candidate UE readers. The gNB or AMF or AIoTF may map the AIoT ID to NR ID. The AIoTF is enabled to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service. The AIoTF or AF is enabled to select UE readers in a proper state.
[0139] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may include an AF and the second CN device 302 may include an AMF. Similar operations or signaling may be performed for the first CN device 301 being the AF and the second CN device 302 being the AMF. Furthermore, the second CN device 302 may be replaced by gNB for the first CN device 301 being an AF or AIoTF. Similar procedure may be applied for the AF / AIoTF and gNB to select the UE reader. Details of these procedures may not be repeated here.
[0140] Several embodiments regarding AIoTF selecting UE reader or AF selecting UE reader have been described with respect to FIG. 3. Further embodiments will be described with respect to FIG. 5 to FIG. 9.
[0141] In the signaling flow 300 and some following signaling flows, AIoT service request such as inventory request or command request may be transmitted. An AIoT service response such as inventory response or command response will be transmitted in response to the AIoT service request. FIG. 4 illustrates a signaling flow of the AIoT service request transmission in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 400 involves an AIoT device 401 such as the AIoT device 110, a UE 402 such as the reader 120, a gNB such as the network device 160, an AMF 404, an AIoTF 405 and an AF 406.
[0142] There may be several options for AIoT service request transmissions and AIoT service response transmission. In an option 410, the AIoT service request may be transmitted from the AF 406 to the AIoTF 405, and forwarded from the AIoTF 405 to the UE 402. In an option 420, the AIoT service request may be transmitted from the AF 406 to the AIoTF 405, and forwarded from the AIoTF 405 to gNB 403 and the UE 402. In an option 430, the AIoT service request may be transmitted from the AF 406 to the AIoTF 405, and forwarded from the AIoTF 405 to the AMF 404, the gNB 403 and the UE 402. In an option 440, the AIoT service request may be transmitted from the AF 406 to the AIoTF 405, and forwarded from the AIoTF 405 to the AMF 404 and the UE 402.
[0143] The UE 402 may transmit the received AIoT service request to the AIoT device 401. The AIoT device 401 may transmit an AIoT service response to the UE 402. The transmission between the AIoT device 401 and the UE 402 may be via an AIoT air interface or AIoT radio. In an option 450, the UE 402 may transmit the AIoT service response to the AIoTF 405, and the AIoTF 405 may forward the AIoT service response to the AF 406. In an option 460, the AIoT service response may be transmitted from the UE 402 to the gNB 403 and the AIoTF 405 and then forwarded to the AF 406. In an option 470, the AIoT service response may be transmitted from the UE 402 to the gNB 403 and the AIoTF 405 and the AMF 404 and then forwarded to the AF 406. In an option 480, the AIoT service response may be transmitted from the UE 402 to the AMF 404 and the AIoTF 405 and then forwarded to the AF 406. The transmission between the UE 402 and the gNB 403 may be via Uu interface.
[0144] It is to be understood that these options for AIoT service request or response transmission are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. These options may be applied to the signaling flow 300 and any other signaling flows to be described hereinafter.
[0145] FIG. 5 illustrates another signaling flow 500 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 500 involves a UE 501 (such as UE reader) , a gNB 502, an AMF 503, an AIoTF 504 and an AF 505. The UE 501 may be implemented as the reader 120 such as a UE reader. The gNB 502 may be implemented as the network device 160 in FIG. 1B. In the signaling flow 500, the AIoTF may trigger paging.
[0146] In operation, step 0, the AIoTF 504 may receive AIoT service request from AF 505. The request may include area information of AIoT service, individual ID or group ID of devices.
[0147] Step 1, the AIOTF 504 may send message#1 to the AMF 503 to request the gNB information and / or RRC state of UE readers (for specific UE readers or for any UE readers managed by the AMF 503) , which may include at least one of:
[0148] (selected) UE ID list, such as AIoT ID of UE reader or NR ID,
[0149] Session id or transaction ID, to identify the UE list belonging to which AIoT service (request) ,
[0150] AIoT service request.
[0151] Alternatively, AIoTF 504 may derive RRC state of UE readers from gNB 502. In some embodiments, the AIoTF 504 may determine gNB information according location information from AF or (AIoT) UE reader context (stored in AIoTF 504) .
[0152] Step 2, the AMF 503 may indicate at least one of:
[0153] the gNB information of each UE in the list, if UE list is provided, such as gNB ID, gNB type (serving, anchor, or the like) ,
[0154] UEs in the RRC connected, alternatively, the gNB is serving gNB,
[0155] UEs in the RRC inactive, alternatively, the gNB is anchor gNB,
[0156] UEs in the RRC idle state, alternatively, no corresponding gNB information, Session id or transaction ID.
[0157] That is, for each UE, the AMF 503 may indicate at least one of gNB ID, gNB type, RRC state.
[0158] Step 3, the AIoTF 503 may for UE in RRC connected, send the AIoT service request to UE directly; for UE in RRC inactive, trigger the AMF or the gNB to send paging; and for UE in RRC idle, trigger the AMF to send panging.
[0159] Alternatively, for steps 1-3, in some embodiments, the AIoTF 503 may forward at least one of the AIoT service request and UE reader list to AMF 503. In addition, the AIoTF 503 may indicate gNB information of UE readers. AMF 503 may determine the RRC state (or connection state) and / or gNB of UE reader in the list. AMF 503 may trigger (anchor) gNB to send RAN paging for UE reader in inactive state. The paging message may indicate AIoT cause. AMF 503 may trigger CN paging for UE readers in idle state.
[0160] Alternatively, for steps 1-3, in some embodiments, AIoTF 504 may forward at least one of the AIoT service request and UE reader list to gNB 502. The gNB 502 may send RAN paging for UE reader in inactive state. The paging message may indicate AIoT cause.
[0161] Step 4, the gNB 502 or the AMF 503 may send paging message, which may include at least one of: the UE ID, or a cause value for AIoT.
[0162] Step 5, UE reader may initiate RRC connection procedure or RRC connection resume procedure accordingly (after receiving paging) . The request message from UE reader may indicate the cause value of AIoT.
[0163] Step 6, after the idle / inactive UE reader enters the RRC connected, gNB 502 may indicate these UE readers to AMF 503. In addition, AMF 503 may indicate these UE readers and their serving gNBs to the AIoTF 504. For example, session ID or transaction ID may be indicated.
[0164] Step 7, the AIoTF 504 may, for UE in RRC connected, send the AIoT service request to UE directly.
[0165] Additionally, for step 0, the AIoTF 504 may not reselect UE reader or may not derive the gNB information / RRC state, if
[0166] AIoT service has the same session ID or transaction ID as previous one, and / or Same type of service and in the same AIoT area.
[0167] That is, the AIoTF 504 may reuse the selected / stored UE reader or derived gNB information / RRC state for the same AIoT service request.
[0168] In an optional embodiment, in step 1, the AIoTF 504 may send AIoT ID of UE reader of each UE in the list to AMF 503. In step 2, the AMF 503 may mapped the AIoT ID of UE reader AIoT to NR ID of the UE reader first, then derive the gNB information / RRC state based on the NR ID. The mapping info between AIoT ID of UE reader AIoT and NR ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF or AIoTF, to the AMF 503.
[0169] In another optional embodiment, in step 1, the AIoTF 504 may send AIoT ID of UE reader for each UE in the list to AMF 503. In step 2, the AMF 503 may derive the gNB information / RRC state based on the AIoT ID of UE reader. The mapping info between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF 505 or AIoTF 504, to the AMF 503. That is, each UE context may include the AIoT ID of UE reader.
[0170] In another optional embodiment, in step 1, the AIoTF 504 may send NR ID of UE reader of each UE in the list to AMF 503. The mapping info between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF 505 or generated / managed by the AIoTF 504 itself.
[0171] In some embodiments, UE reader ID may be mapped from AIoTF 504 to UE reader when send AIoT service request. AIoTF 504 may send UE reader list with RAN ID. AIoTF 504 may send UE reader list with AIOT ID of UE readers. AMF 503 may map AIOT ID of UE readers to RAN ID. AIoTF 504 and / or AMF 503 may send UE reader list with AIOT ID of UE readers. The gNB 502 may map AIOT ID of UE readers to RAN ID.
[0172] In some embodiments, AMF 503 triggers paging. At step 1, the AIOTF 504 may send message to the AMF 503 to request the gNB info of the UE reader, which may include at least one of: (selected) UE id list, or Session ID.
[0173] At step 2, the AMF 503 may indicate the gNB information of each UE in RRC connected or inactive in the list. In addition, the AMF 503 may trigger paging for UE readers in inactive or idle as in step 3.
[0174] At step 3, the gNB 502 or the AMF 503 may send paging, which may include at least one of: the UE ID or a cause value for AIoT.
[0175] At step 4, UE reader in may initiate RRC connection procedure or RRC connection resume procedure accordingly. The request message from UE reader may indicate the cause value of AIoT.
[0176] At step 5, after the idle / inactive UE reader enters the RRC connected, the AMF 503 may indicate these UE readers and their serving gNBs to the AIoTF 504. For example, session ID or transaction ID may be indicated.
[0177] At step 6, the AIoTF 504 AIoTF may for UE in RRC connected, send the AIoT service request to UE directly. Alternatively, the gNB information of UE readers may be feed back only at step 5. That is, the AMF 503 may not indicate the gNB information of each UE in RRC connected or inactive in the list in step 2.
[0178] FIG. 6 illustrates another signaling flow 600 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 600 involves the UE 501 (or UE reader) , gNB 502, AMF 503, AIoTF 504 and AF 505.
[0179] In an option 601, the AMF 503 or the gNB 502 may report at least one of the following information to AIoTF 504 periodically:
[0180] the gNB information of each UE in the list, such as gNB ID, gNB type (serving, anchor) ,
[0181] UEs in the RRC connected, alternatively, the gNB is serving gNB,
[0182] UEs in the RRC inactive, alternatively, the gNB is anchor gNB,
[0183] UEs in the RRC idle state, alternatively, no corresponding gNB information, Session id or transaction ID.
[0184] That Is, for each UE, at least one of gNB ID, gNB type, RRC state is indicated. The RRC state may be determined based on the gNB information. The report procedure of AMF 503 may be configured by AMF 503 with at least one of:
[0185] the interval (such as a periodicity) ,
[0186] a list of UEs / area information, or
[0187] AIoT enabled UE or UE support AIOT topology 2.
[0188] Alternatively, in an option 620, the AIoTF 504 may request the RRC state / gNB information of UE readers periodically, for all UE managed by the AMF, or a list of UEs / area information.
[0189] The AMF 503 may response at least one of the following information to AIoTF 504 periodically:
[0190] a UE list,
[0191] the gNB information of each UE in the list, such as gNB ID, gNB type (serving or anchor) ,
[0192] UEs in the RRC connected, alternatively, the gNB is serving gNB,
[0193] UEs in the RRC inactive, alternatively, the gNB is anchor gNB,
[0194] UEs in the RRC idle state, alternatively, no corresponding gNB information, or Session id or transaction ID.
[0195] That Is, for each UE, at least one of gNB ID, gNB type, RRC state may be indicated. The RRC state may be determined by gNB information.
[0196] With the signaling flows 500 and 600, the AIoTF may derive target gNB for UE readers. gNB or AMF or AIoTF may map AIoT ID to NR ID. AIoTF may select UE readers in all RRC states. The AIoTF is enabled to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service.
[0197] FIG. 7 illustrates another signaling flow 700 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 700 involves the UE 501 (such as UE reader) , gNB 502, AMF 503, AIoTF 504 and AF 505. In the signaling flow 700, the AIoTF 504 may select UE reader (s) . For the selected UE reader, if the AIoTF 504 and AMF 503 are separate functions or nodes, the AIoTF 504 may derive the serving gNB or anchor gNB of each selected UE, especially for UE in RRC connected or RRC inactive.
[0198] In some embodiments, AIoTF 504 may select connected UE.
[0199] At step 0, the AIoTF 504 may receive an AIoT service request from AF 505. AF 505 may indicate only to select UE reader in RRC connected, or UE readers in both RRC connected and inactive states.
[0200] For an option 710, at step 1, the AIoTF 504 may send message to the AMF 503 to request the gNB information / RRC state of the UE reader, which may include at least one of: a (selected) UE id list, or session id or transaction ID, to identify the UE list belonging to which AIoT service (request) .
[0201] At step 2, the AMF 503 may indicate at least one of:
[0202] the gNB information of each UE in the list,
[0203] UEs in the RRC connected, alternatively, the gNB is a serving gNB,
[0204] UEs in the RRC inactive, alternatively, the gNB is an anchor gNB,
[0205] UEs in the RRC idle state,
[0206] Session id or transaction ID.
[0207] That is, for each UE, at least one of gNB ID, gNB type, RRC state may be indicated.
[0208] Alternatively or in addition, for an option 720, AIoTF 504 may derive the gNB information / RRC state of the UE reader from gNBs. These gNBs may be feed-back in step 2 or in a specific area.
[0209] At step 3, the AIoTF 504 may for UE in RRC connected, send the AIoT service request to UE.
[0210] Alternatively, or in addition, in some embodiments, AMF 503 may select UE readers in RRC connected. The AIoTF 504 may feedback connected UE only.
[0211] At step 1, the AIOTF 504 may send message to the AMF to request the gNB information / RRC state of the UE reader, which may include at least one of: a (selected) UE id list, or session id or transaction ID, to identify the UE list belonging to which AIoT service (request) . The AIoTF 504 may only select UE reader in RRC connected. Or UE readers in both RRC connected and inactive states.
[0212] At step 2, the AMF 503 may indicate at least one of:
[0213] the gNB information of each UE in the list,
[0214] UEs in the RRC connected, alternatively, the gNB is a serving gNB,
[0215] Session id or transaction ID.
[0216] That Is, for each UE, at least one of gNB ID, gNB type, RRC state may be indicated.
[0217] At step 3, the AIoTF 504 may for UE in RRC connected, send the AIoT service request to UE directly.
[0218] With the signaling flow 700, the AIoTF may derive target gNB for candidate UE readers. The gNB or AMF or AIoTF may map AIoT ID to NR ID. It enables the AIoTF to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service. In addition, it enables the AIoTF to select UE readers in the proper state.
[0219] FIG. 8 illustrates another signaling flow 800 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 800 involves the UE 501 (such as UE reader) , gNB 502, AMF 503, AIoTF 504 and AF 505. The signaling flow 800 is similar to the signaling flow 500. Several operations of the AIoTF 504 in the signaling flow 500 is performed by the AF 505 in the signaling flow 800. Details of the signaling flow 800 are similar to those of the signaling flow 500, which will not be repeated here.
[0220] In some embodiments, the communication between the AF 505 and the AMF 503 may be via a direct interface between the AF 505 and the AMF 503, or alternatively via the AIoTF 504. In addition, in some embodiments, the AF 505 may provide gNB information of selected UE reader (s) . The gNB information and RRC information may be updated to the AF 505.
[0221] In an option 810, the AMKF 503 may derive the gNB information and / or RRC information. The AMF 503 may trigger the paging. In another option 820, the AIoTF 504 may transmit the AIoT service request to the gNB 502. The gNB 502 may trigger the paging.
[0222] With the signaling flow 800, AF or AIoTF may derive target gNB for candidate UE readers. The gNB or AMF or AIoTF may map AIoTF ID to NR ID. The AIoTF is thus enabled to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service. In addition, the AIoTF is enabled to select UE readers in the proper state.
[0223] FIG. 9 illustrates another signaling flow 900 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 900 involves the UE 501 (such as UE reader) , gNB 502, AMF 503, AIoTF 504 and AF 505. In the signaling flow 900, the AIoTF 504 may allocate AIoT ID of UE reader when UE reader is registered or authenticated.
[0224] In some embodiments, the registration of UE reader may be indicated by AMF 503. In addition, AMF 503 may indicate the NR / 3GPP ID to AIOTF 504. The AIoTF 504 may allocated AIoT ID of UE reader and store the NR ID associated to the AIoT ID of UE reader. That is, the AMF 503 may maintain UE context (such as, store NR ID) , and AIoTF 504 may maintain UE context for AIoT (e.g., store AIoT ID of UE reader) .
[0225] Alternatively, the registration of UE reader may be handled by AIoTF 504 directly. That is, the AIoTF 504 may maintain UE context for both NR and AIoT (stores NR ID and AIoT ID of UE reader) .
[0226] In some embodiments, the AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT ID of UE reader, corresponding to NR ID, to AF 503.
[0227] In some embodiments, the AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT ID of UE reader to (serving) gNB. The AIoT ID may be sent with UE registration response message.
[0228] In addition, AMF 503 may send UE registration response message (UE reader) after receiving response from the AIoTF 504.
[0229] For UE reader selection, the AF 505 may select UE reader and send UE reader list with AIoT ID of UE reader. In addition, the AIoTF 504 may map each AIoT ID in the list to NR ID. Then AIoTF 504 may forward the list of NR ID. Alternatively, AMF 503 map each AIoT ID in the list to NR ID.
[0230] With the signaling flow 900, AIoT ID is mapped to the NR ID. The UE reader may be identified by the AIoT ID and / or the corresponding NR ID. It is to be understood that although in some embodiments the UE reader may be identified or searched by the AIoT ID, the UE reader may also be identified or searched by NR ID in some embodiments.
[0231] Several embodiments for AIoTF or AF selecting UE reader have been described with respect to FIG. 3 to FIG. 9. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide another solution for management of reader of A-IoT device. In the solution, a first core network device such as an AIoTF or an AF obtains information associated a set of terminal devices such as UE readers. The information indicates at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices. The first core network device transmits, based on the information, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an AIoT service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. The network device may receive the AIoT service. The network device may determine at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices and indicate, to the first core network device, which terminal device is selected. In this way, the network device such as gNB may select the at least one terminal device such as UE reader based on the AIoT service request.
[0232] FIG. 10 illustrates another signaling flow 1000 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 1000 involves the first CN device 301, the second CN device 302, the network device 304 and the terminal device 305. By way of example, the first CN device 301 may include an AIoTF, and the second CN device 302 may include an AMF. The network device 304 may be implemented as the network device 160 in FIG. 1B such as a gNB or a serving cell of the gNB. The terminal device 305 may be implemented as the reader 120 in FIG. 1B, such as a UE reader, a DU or a TRP. It is to be understood that although a single first CN device, a single second CN device, a single third CN device, a single network device and a single terminal device are illustrated in FIG. 10, there may be more than one first, second CN device, more than one terminal device and / or more than one network device in the signaling flow 1000.
[0233] In operation, the first CN device 301 obtains (1010) information associated with a set of terminal devices. The information indicates at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices. For example, the second CN device 302 may transmit (1012) the information to the first CN device 301, and / or the network device 304 may transmit (1014) the information to the first CN device 301.
[0234] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device 305, identifier information of at least one network device 304, type information of the at least one network device 304, at least one RRC state of the at least one terminal device 305, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0235] In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprise a first terminal device 305 in an RRC connected state, and the information may include device information of a serving network device 304 of the first terminal device 305.
[0236] In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprise a second terminal device 305 in an RRC inactive state, and the information may include device information of an anchor network device 304 for the second terminal device 305. Alternatively or in addition, an area information, such as RAN notification area (RNA) , corresponding to the second terminal device 305 may be included in the information. In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprise a third terminal device 305 in an RRC idle state, no network device 304 information corresponding to the third terminal device 305 is included in the information. Alternatively or in addition, an area information, such as tracking area (TA) , corresponding to the third terminal device 305 may be included in the information.
[0237] In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprises a fourth terminal device 305 in a CM connected state or registered state, and the network device 304 information (such as a serving network device or an anchor network device) corresponding to the fourth terminal device 305 may be included in the information.
[0238] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from at least one of the at least one network device 304 or the second CN device 302, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device 304, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device 305, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0239] The first CN device 301 transmits (1020) , to the second CN device 302 or the set of network devices such as the network device 304, an AIoT service request. The AIoT service request indicates at least one of: the set of terminal devices such as the terminal device 305, or a target state of a terminal device 305. For example, the AIoT service request may include identifiers of the set of terminal devices. For another example, the AIoT service request may include the target state. That is, the AIoT service request is associated with the set of terminal devices or the devices with the target state. In an embodiment, the network device 304 may receive (1024) the AIoT service request. In another embodiment, the second CN device 302 may receive (1022) the AIoT service request, and transmit (1030) the AIoT service request to the network device 304. The network device 304 may receive (1035) the AIoT service request.
[0240] In some embodiments, the network device 304 may determine (1040) at least one terminal device 305 from the set of terminal devices. The network device 304 may transmit (1050) , to the first CN device 301, a message indicating at least one of: the at least one terminal device 305, or at least one remaining terminal device 305 in the set of terminal devices. The at least one terminal device 305 may be the device selected for the AIoT service. The remaining terminal device may not be used for the AIoT service. For example, the at least one remaining terminal device 305 may indicate the terminal device 305 not selected by the network device 304. The first CN device 301 or the second CN device 302 may receive (1055) the message.
[0241] In some embodiments, the target state of the terminal device 305 comprises at least one of: an RRC connected state, an RRC inactive state, a CM connected state, a registered state or an RRC idle state.
[0242] In some embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device 305, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the network device 304. Alternatively or in addition, the message may trigger the paging for the further set of terminal devices. The second CN device 302 may trigger paging for the further set of terminal devices or the second CN device 302 may send the AIoT service request for the further set of terminal devices to other network devices.
[0243] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 may include a first terminal device 305 in RRC inactive mode, and the network device 304 may be an anchor network device of the first terminal device 305. In such cases, the network device 304 may trigger a paging and indicate a cause value of the paging as AIoT. The paging may be a radio access network paging. In response to receiving a paging message, the terminal device 305 may carry the AIoT cause in the RRC connection procedure or RRC connection resume procedure.
[0244] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a terminal device 305 in RRC inactive mode, and the network device 304 is different from an anchor network device of the terminal device 305. In such cases, the network device 304 may transmit the AIoT service request and identifier information of the terminal device 305 to the anchor network device.
[0245] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device 305 comprises a second terminal device 305 unidentified by the network device 304. In such cases, the network device 304 may transmit, to the second CN device 302, a triggering message for paging. The triggering message may indicate identifier information of the second terminal device 305 and a cause value of AIoT.
[0246] In some embodiments, if the first CN device 301 such as AIoTF transmits the request to gNB via the second CN device 302 such as AMF. AMF may not obtain gNB information or RRC state. The AMF may receive AIoT service request from AIoTF or AF, the request containing gNB information. The AMF then transmits the AIoT service request to the corresponding gNB indicated by the gNB information. The AMF may further transmit a triggering message for paging to the gNB.
[0247] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from a third CN device 303, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating the set of terminal devices. By way of example, the request may include at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device 305 in a target state.
[0248] In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices are identified or search by the first identifiers such as AIoT IDs. The first CN device 301 may transmit, to the second CN device 302, first identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service. The first CN device 301 may receive, from the second CN device 302, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network. The AIoT service request may include the second identifiers.
[0249] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the set of terminal devices may be searched by the second identifiers such as NR IDs. The first CN device 301 may transmit, to the second CN device 302, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network. The AIoT service request may include the second identifiers. The first CN device 301 may also transmit the second identifiers to the second CN device 302 to obtain the first identifiers.
[0250] In some embodiments, mapping information between the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices and the second identifiers are configured by the first CN device 301 or the second CN device 302.
[0251] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive the information of the set of terminal devices from the second CN device 302, for example, periodically. Alternatively, the first CN device 301 may transmit, transmit, to the second CN device 302, a request for the information. The request may include first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices. The second CN device 302 may receive the request. In response to receiving the request, the second CN device 302 may transmit the information to the first CN device 301. The first CN device 301 may receive the information from the second CN device 302. The transmission of the request may be periodically.
[0252] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive the information of the set of terminal devices from at least one of the set of network devices. In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may transmit, to the set of network devices, the request for the information including first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices. The set of network devices such as the network device 304 may receive the request. For example, in response to receiving the request, the network device 304 may transmit the information of terminal devices associated with the network device 304 to the first CN device 301. The first CN device 301 receives the information. The transmission of the request and / or the transmission of the information may be periodically.
[0253] In some embodiments, the request for the information may further include at least one of: area information of the set of terminal devices, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0254] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may receive, from the second CN device 302, a registration indication of the set of terminal devices. The registration indication may include the second identifiers. The first CN device 301 or other suitable device or function may allocate the first identifiers for the set of terminal devices. The first CN device 301 may store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0255] Alternatively, in some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may perform a registration of the set of terminal devices with the second identifiers. The first CN device 301 or other suitable device or function may allocate the first identifiers for the set of terminal devices. The first CN device 301 may store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0256] In some embodiments, the first CN device 301 may perform a deregistration (of the at least one terminal device 305) to release the allocated first identifiers. After the deregistration, the first CN device 301 may update the mapping and inform to other CN device or node. Alternatively or in addition, the second CN device 302 or the third CN device 305 may perform a deregistration (of the at least one terminal device 305) , and may indicate the first CN device 301 to release the allocated first identifiers. For example, AIoTF or AMF may perform the deregistration or release.
[0257] After the deregistration, the first CN device 301 may update the mapping and inform to other CN device or node. For example, AIoTF or AMF may perform the deregistration or release.
[0258] Several embodiments regarding the management of UE readers for AIoT service have been described with respect to FIG. 10. With the signaling flow 1000, the network device 304 such as gNB selects UE readers finally. Specifically, AIoTF may derive target gNB for candidate UE readers. The gNB / AMF / AIoTF may map AIoT ID to NR ID. In this way, the AIoTF is enabled to find proper gNBs to forward the AIoT service. In addition, the AIoTF is enabled to select UE readers in the proper state. Further embodiments regarding such UE reader management will be described with respect to FIG. 11.
[0259] FIG. 11 illustrates another signaling flow 1100 of management of the reader of the AIoT device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. The signaling flow 1100 involves the UE 501 (such as UE reader) , gNB 502, AMF 503, AIoTF 504 and AF 505.
[0260] At step 0, the AIoTF 504 may receive an AIoT service request from AF 505.
[0261] At step 1, the AIoTF 504 derives gNB information of candidate UE readers (group#1) from AMF 503, or AIoTF 504derives gNBs of specific area, such as from UDM.
[0262] At step 2, the AIoTF 504 forwards the candidate UE list to these gNBs. Additionally, the AIoT service request may be sent together to these gNBs.
[0263] Additionally, the AIoTF 504 or AMF 503 may indicate whether to selected UE readers in RRC connected only, such as indicate the gNB 502 to select UE readers in RRC connected only, or indicate UE readers in any RRC states may be selected.
[0264] Alternatively, for steps 1~2, the AIoTF 504 may forward at least one of the AIoT service request and candidate UE reader list to AMF 503. In addition, the AIoTF 504 may indicate gNB information of candidate UE readers. The AMF 503 may determine the RRC state (or connection state) and / or gNB of candidate UE reader in the list. Then the AMF 503 may forward the AIoT service request and candidate UE reader list to the serving / anchor gNB of UE readers accordingly. There may be several messages to different gNBs.
[0265] At step 3, gNB 502 may make the final decision on UE readers (group#2, sub-group of group#1) , and forward the AIoT service request to UE readers. The gNB 502 may selected the connected UE reader as indicated by the AIoTF or preconfigured or predefined. In an embodiment, for connected UE (in group#2-1) , gNB 502 may forward the AIoT service request to UE readers directly.
[0266] In another embodiment, for inactive UE, gNB 502 may perform the following operations. One operation may be that if it is the anchor gNB of the UE reader, it may trigger RAN paging and indicate the paging cause as AIoT. Another operation may be that if it isn’ t the anchor gNB of the UE reader may forward AIoT service request and UE reader ID (or the sub-UE reader list) to the anchor gNB. Then the anchor gNB may trigger RAN paging, and indicate the paging cause as AIoT.
[0267] In a further embodiment, for unidentified UE, gNB 502 may send UE ID to request AMF to trigger paging.
[0268] Alternatively or in addition, each gNB may inform the AIoTF which UE readers are selected finally to the AIoTF 504.
[0269] Alternatively, in addition, after receiving the final decision, the AIoTF 504 may forward the AIoT service request.
[0270] In addition, the gNB 502 may also feedback the RRC state of UEs. The AIoTF 504 may use the RRC state info to select UE in the future. That is, UE in connected state or inactive state (group#3) .
[0271] In addition, the UE not being identified by the gNB may also be reported (group#4) . For example, gNB 502 may not have context of some candidate UE readers, such as UE reader in IDLE state.
[0272] It is to be noted that gNB information updating after UE reader enters connected in other embodiments may also be applied here.
[0273] In some embodiments, the UE readers may be identified in NR ID by the gNB.
[0274] In a first option, in step 1, the AIoTF 504 may send AIoT ID of UE reader for each UE in the candidate list to AMF 503. In step2, the AMF 503 may mapp the AIoT ID of UE reader to NR ID of the UE reader first, and then derive the gNB information / RRC state based on the NR ID. The AMF 503 may indicate the NR ID of UE reader to the AIoTF. The mapping information between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF 505, UDM or AIoTF 504, to the AMF 503. That is, each UE context in AMF may include the AIoT ID of UE reader. In step 3, AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT service request to the gNB including UE ID list and each UE is identified by the NR ID.
[0275] In a second option, in step 1, AIoTF 504 may send AIoT ID of UE reader for each UE in the list to AMF 503. In step 2, the AMF 503 may derive the gNB information or RRC state based on the AIoT ID of UE reader. The AMF 503 may indicate the NR ID of UE reader to the AIoTF 504. The mapping info between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF 505, UDM or AIoTF 504, to the AMF 503. That is, each UE context in AMF 503 may include the AIoT ID of UE reader. In step3, AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT service request to the gNB including UE ID list and each UE is identified by the NR ID.
[0276] In a third option, in step 1, AIoTF 504 may send NR ID of UE reader of each UE in the list to AMF 503. AIoTF 504 knows the NR ID (e.g., the mapping info between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID) . The mapping information between AIoT ID of UE reader and RAN ID of the UE Reader may be configured by the AIoT CN function, such as AF 505 or generated / managed by the AIoTF 504 itself, or informed by AMF 503. In step 3, AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT service request to the gNB including UE ID list and each UE is identified by the NR ID.
[0277] Alternatively, or in addition, the UE readers may be identified in AIoT ID of UE reader by gNB. For example, the AIoTF 504 may use NR ID or AIoT ID of UE reader to derive the gNB 502. In such option, in step 3, AIoTF 504 may send the AIoT service request to the gNB including UE ID list and each UE is identified by the AIoT ID of UE reader. The gNB 502 may be configured, by AMF 503, AIoTF 504, AF 505, with the AIoT ID of UE reader for a UE. For example, mapping information between AIoT ID of UE reader and NR ID may be configured.
[0278] Several approaches for identifying UE readers with AIoT IDs and / or NR IDs have been described. These approaches achieve the UE readers identifying among different devices or nodes.
[0279] In these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 and 1100, signaling or transmissions may be occurred between different devices. These signaling or transmissions may be transmitted via various protocol or layers. FIG. 2B and FIG. 2D has shown several protocol stack and layers for AIoT device, BS reader and AIoT CN device in topology 1. Example architecture, protocol stack and layers for AIoT device, UE reader, network device such as next generation (NG) -RAN (NG-RAN) and CN device (s) are shown in FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D. Specifically, FIG. 12A illustrates user-plane architecture 1200 for Topology 2. As shown, the UE reader may communicate with the AIoTF via a path 1210 (also referred to as a link) . The path 1210 may be an AIoT-AP interface or any other suitable interface. The UE may also communicate with the AIoTF via the AMF. For example, the UE may communicate with the AMF via N1 interface, and AMF will communicate with the AIoTF.
[0280] FIG. 12B illustrates a schematic diagram 1220 of a protocol stack for the user-plane architecture for Topology 2. As shown, the AIoT-AP layer, Transport layer, IP layer of UE reader correspond to the AIoT-AP layer, Transport layer, IP layer of AIoTF. The Uu AS layer of UE reader corresponds to Uu AS layer of NG-RAN.
[0281] FIG. 12C illustrates a schematic diagram 1240 of a protocol stack for an RRC option in architecture for AIoT. As shown, the AIoT device non-access stratum (NAS) layer of AIoT device corresponds to the AIoT device NAS layer of AIoTF. The AIoT AS layer of AIoT device corresponds to AIoT AS layer of UE reader. The Uu AS layer of UE reader corresponds to Uu AS layer of NG-RAN. The lower layers of NG-RAN which is AIoT enable correspond lower layers of AIoTF.
[0282] FIG. 12D illustrates a schematic diagram 1260 of another protocol stack for an RRC option in architecture for AIoT. As shown, the AIoT AS layer of AIoT device corresponds to AIoT AS layer of UE reader. The Uu AS layer of UE reader corresponds to Uu AS layer of NG-RAN. The lower layers of NG-RAN which is AIoT enable correspond lower layers of AMF. The lower layers of AMF correspond lower layers of AIoTF.
[0283] It is to be understood that these example architecture, protocol stacks or layers shown in FIG. 12A to FIG. 12D are only for the purpose of illustration, without suggesting any limitation. Embodiments of the present is not limited here. These protocol stacks, layers and interfaces or other suitable protocol, layers and interfaces may be applied for the signaling or transmissions involved in embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0284] It would be appreciated that some example specifications, signaling flows and embodiments are provided above, and the detailed description may be varied. It is to be understood that these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 and / or 1100 may be used separately, or in any suitable combinations. It is to be understood that these signaling flows 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000 and / or 1100 may involve any other suitable operations or signaling not shown. With these signaling flows and similar signaling flows for UE reader management for AIoT service, the AIoT service procedure can be enhanced in various scenarios.
[0285] FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a first core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the first CN device 301 in FIG. 3.
[0286] At block 1310, the first CN device 301 obtains information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0287] At block 1320, the first CN device 301 transmits, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.
[0288] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0289] In some example embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in an RRC connected state, the information comprising device information of a serving network device of the first terminal device, and / or the at least one terminal device comprises a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, the information comprising device information of an anchor network device for the second terminal device, and / or the at least one terminal device comprises a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, no network device information corresponding to the third terminal device being included in the information.
[0290] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from at least one of the second core network device, the at least one network device or a third core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0291] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.
[0292] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device, a request for the information; and receiving the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.
[0293] In some example embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0294] In some example embodiments, the request for the information is transmitted periodically.
[0295] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises performing at least one of: based on the information indicating a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, transmitting the AIoT service request to the first terminal device; based on the information indicating a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, transmitting a triggering message for paging to the second core network device or a network device associated with the second terminal device; or based on the information indicating a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, transmitting a triggering message for paging to the second core network device.
[0296] In some example embodiments, the triggering message for paging comprises at least one of a cause value of AIoT, an identifier associated with the second terminal device, or an identifier associated with the third terminal device.
[0297] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from a third core network device, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or area information of the set of terminal devices; and determining the at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices, wherein the request comprises at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state.
[0298] In some example embodiments, the third core network device comprises an application function (AF) , and the target state comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, or a connection management (CM) connected state.
[0299] In some example embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0300] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0301] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from the second core network device, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device, the registration indication comprising the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0302] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: performing a registration of the at least one terminal device with the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0303] In some example embodiments, the first core network device comprises an AIoT function, the second core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0304] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, the information, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state.
[0305] In some example embodiments, the identifier information comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0306] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: receiving, from the at least one of the second core network device or the third core network device, the information.
[0307] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to at least one of the second core network device or a third core network device, a request for the information; and receiving, from the at least one of the second core network device or the third core network device, the information.
[0308] In some example embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0309] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to at least one of the second core network device, the at least one network device, or a third core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, or a cause value for AIoT.
[0310] In some example embodiments, the third core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0311] In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, the AIoT service request indicating a connection state of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the second device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0312] In some example embodiments, the first CN device 310 may receive, from the second core network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0313] In some example embodiments, the first core network device comprises an application function (AF) , and the second core network device comprises an AIoT function (AIoTF) .
[0314] FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a second core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the second CN device 302 in FIG. 3.
[0315] At block 1410, the second CN device 302 transmits, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0316] At block 1420, the second CN device 302 receives, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.
[0317] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0318] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated at least one terminal device.
[0319] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: transmitting, to the first core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0320] In some example embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0321] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating a cause value of AIoT and a radio resource control (RRC) inactive or RRC idle mode of the at least one terminal device; and transmitting, to the at least one network device or the at least one terminal device, a paging message associated with the at least one terminal device, the paging message comprising a cause value of AIoT.
[0322] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0323] In some example embodiments, the method 1400 further comprises: transmitting, to the first core network device, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device, the registration indication comprising the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and storing the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0324] FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1500 implemented at a second core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1500 will be described from the perspective of the second CN device 302 in FIG. 3.
[0325] At block 1510, the second CN device 302 receives, from a first core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0326] In some example embodiments, the identifier information comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0327] In some example embodiments, the method 1500 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a request for the information; and transmitting the information to the first core network device, wherein the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0328] In some example embodiments, the method 1500 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, or a cause value for AIoT.
[0329] In some example embodiments, the method 1500 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, the AIoT service request indicating a connection state of the at least one terminal device; receiving, from a third core network device, at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network; and transmitting, to at least one of: the first core network device, the third core network device or the at least one network device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0330] In some example embodiments, the method 1500 further comprises: transmitting, to at least one of: the first core network device, a third core network device or the at least one network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0331] FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1600 implemented at a third core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1600 will be described from the perspective of the third CN device 303 in FIG. 3.
[0332] At block 1610, the third CN device 303 transmits, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of:device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0333] At block 1620, the third CN device 303 receives, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of ambient Internet of things (AIoT) .
[0334] At block 1630, the third CN device 303 transmits, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT.
[0335] In some example embodiments, the method 1600 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated at least one terminal device.
[0336] In some example embodiments, the method 1600 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, a request for registration of the at least one terminal device, the request comprising at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network; and receiving, from the second core network device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0337] In some example embodiments, the third CN device 303 may receive, from the second core network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0338] FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1700 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1700 will be described from the perspective of the network device 304 in FIG. 3.
[0339] At block 1710, the network device 304 transmits, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0340] At block 1720, the network device 304 receives, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.
[0341] In some example embodiments, the network device 304 may receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated with the at least one terminal device.
[0342] In some example embodiments, the network device 304 may receive, from the first core network device or the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of AIoT; and transmit, to the at least one terminal device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT, wherein a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure or an RRC connection resume procedure between the network device and the at least one terminal device is performed with the cause value of AIoT.
[0343] In some example embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with the AIoT service request.
[0344] In some example embodiments, the method 1700 further comprises: receiving mapping information between the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0345] FIG. 18 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1800 implemented at a first core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1800 will be described from the perspective of the first CN device 301 in FIG. 3.
[0346] At block 1810, the first CN device 301 obtains information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices.
[0347] At block 1820, the first CN device 301 transmits, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0348] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: receiving, from at least one network device of the set of network devices, a message indicating at least one of: at least one terminal device of the set of terminal devices for an AIoT service, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.
[0349] In some example embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0350] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0351] In some example embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprise a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, the information comprising device information of a serving network device of the first terminal device, and / or the set of terminal devices comprise a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, the information comprising device information of an anchor network device for the second terminal device, and / or the set of terminal devices comprise a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, no network device information corresponding to the third terminal device being included in the information.
[0352] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: receiving, from at least one of the at least one network device or the second core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0353] In some example embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the at least one network device.
[0354] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: receiving, from a third core network device, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating the set of terminal devices, wherein the request comprises at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state.
[0355] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, first identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service; and receiving, from the second core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0356] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0357] In some example embodiments, mapping information between first identifiers of the set of terminal devices and second identifiers are configured by the first core network device or the second core network device, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service, and the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network.
[0358] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; and receive the information from the second core network device.
[0359] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: transmitting, to the set of network devices, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; and receive the information from the set of network devices.
[0360] In some example embodiments, the request for the information further comprises at least one of: area information of the set of terminal devices, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0361] In some example embodiments, the request for the information is transmitted periodically.
[0362] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: receiving, from the second core network device, a registration indication of the set of terminal devices, the registration indication comprising the second identifiers; and store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0363] In some example embodiments, the method 1800 further comprises: performing a registration of the set of terminal devices with the second identifiers; and store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0364] In some example embodiments, the first core network device comprises an AIoT function, and the second core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0365] FIG. 19 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1900 implemented at a second core network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1900 will be described from the perspective of the second CN device 301 in FIG. 3.
[0366] At block 1910, the second CN device 301 obtains information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices.
[0367] At block 1920, the second CN device 301 transmits, to the set of network devices, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0368] In some example embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0369] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0370] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, first identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service; and transmitting, to the first core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0371] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0372] In some example embodiments, mapping information between first identifiers of the set of terminal devices and second identifiers are configured by the first core network device or the second core network device, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service, and the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network.
[0373] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: receiving, from the first core network device, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; transmit, to the network device, a further request for the information; receive, from the network device, the information; and transmit the information to the first core network device.
[0374] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: determining the second identifiers of the set of terminal devices mapped with the first identifiers; and obtain the information based on the second identifiers.
[0375] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: obtaining the information based on the first identifiers.
[0376] In some example embodiments, the method 1900 further comprises: receiving, from the at least one network device, a paging message indicating a cause value of AIoT and a terminal device being not identified by the at least one network device.
[0377] FIG. 20 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 2000 implemented at a network device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 2000 will be described from the perspective of the network device 304 in FIG. 3.
[0378] At block 2010, the network device 304 receives, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0379] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: determining at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices; and transmitting, to the first core network device, a message indicating at least one of: the at least one terminal device, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.
[0380] In some example embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0381] In some example embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the network device.
[0382] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: triggering a paging and indicate a cause value of the paging as AIoT, wherein the paging is a radio access network paging.
[0383] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: transmitting the AIoT service request and identifier information of the first terminal device to the anchor network device.
[0384] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: transmitting, to the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating identifier information of the second terminal device and a cause value of AIoT.
[0385] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: transmitting the AIoT service request to the third terminal device.
[0386] In some example embodiments, the method 2000 further comprises: receiving, from at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, a request for information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, the information.
[0387] In some example embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of the network device, type information of the network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0388] FIG. 21 is a simplified block diagram of a device 2100 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 2100 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 2100 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the AIoT device 110, the reader 120, the CN device 130 and / or the network device 160.
[0389] As shown, the device 2100 includes a processor 2110, a memory 2120 coupled to the processor 2110, a suitable transceiver 2140 coupled to the processor 2110, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 2140. The memory 2120 stores at least a part of a program 2130. The transceiver 2140 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 2140 may include at least one of a transmitter 2142 and a receiver 2144. The transmitter 2142 and the receiver 2144 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 2140 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2 / Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs / gNBs, S1 / NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) / Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) / SGW / UPF and the eNB / gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB / gNB and a terminal device.
[0390] The program 2130 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 2110, enable the device 2100 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1A to 20) . The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 2110 of the device 2100, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 2110 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 2110 and memory 2120 may form processing means 2150 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0391] The memory 2120 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 2120 is shown in the device 2100, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 2100. The processor 2110 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 2100 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0392] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: obtain information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and transmit, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first core network device as discussed above.
[0393] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second core network device as discussed above.
[0394] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second core network device as discussed above.
[0395] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of ambient Internet of things (AIoT) ; and transmit, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the third core network device as discussed above.
[0396] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0397] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first core network device as discussed above.
[0398] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second core network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second core network device as discussed above.
[0399] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a network device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the network device as discussed above.
[0400] The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and / or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuits with software / firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software / firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware.
[0401] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for obtaining information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and means for transmitting, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0402] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and means for receiving, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0403] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a third apparatus is provided. The third apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device. In some embodiments, the third apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1500. In some example embodiments, the third apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0404] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fourth apparatus is provided. The fourth apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; means for receiving, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of ambient Internet of things (AIoT) ; and means for transmitting, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT. In some embodiments, the fourth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1600. In some example embodiments, the fourth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0405] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a fifth apparatus is provided. The fifth apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and means for receiving, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request. In some embodiments, the fifth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1700. In some example embodiments, the fifth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0406] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a sixth apparatus is provided. The sixth apparatus comprises means for obtaining information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and means for transmitting, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. In some embodiments, the sixth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1800. In some example embodiments, the sixth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1800. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0407] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a seventh apparatus is provided. The seventh apparatus comprises means for obtaining information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and means for transmitting, to the set of network devices, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. In some embodiments, the seventh apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1900. In some example embodiments, the seventh apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1900. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0408] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an eighth apparatus is provided. The eighth apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device. In some embodiments, the eighth apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 2000. In some example embodiments, the eighth apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 2000. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0409] In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.
[0410] In an aspect, it is proposed a first core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and transmit, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.
[0411] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0412] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in an RRC connected state, the information comprising device information of a serving network device of the first terminal device, and / or the at least one terminal device comprises a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, the information comprising device information of an anchor network device for the second terminal device, and / or the at least one terminal device comprises a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, no network device information corresponding to the third terminal device being included in the information.
[0413] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from at least one of the second core network device, the at least one network device or a third core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0414] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.
[0415] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device, a request for the information; and receive the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.
[0416] In some embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0417] In some embodiments, the request for the information is transmitted periodically.
[0418] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to perform at least one of: based on the information indicating a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, transmitting the AIoT service request to the first terminal device; based on the information indicating a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, transmit a triggering message for paging to the second core network device or a network device associated with the second terminal device; or based on the information indicating a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, transmit a triggering message for paging to the second core network device.
[0419] In some embodiments, the triggering message for paging comprises at least one of a cause value of AIoT, an identifier associated with the second terminal device, or an identifier associated with the third terminal device.
[0420] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from a third core network device, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or area information of the set of terminal devices; and determine the at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices, wherein the request comprises at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state.
[0421] In some embodiments, the third core network device comprises an application function (AF) , and the target state comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, or a connection management (CM) connected state.
[0422] In some embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0423] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0424] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from the second core network device, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device, the registration indication comprising the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0425] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: perform a registration of the at least one terminal device with the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0426] In some embodiments, the first core network device comprises an AIoT function, the second core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0427] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, the information, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state.
[0428] In some embodiments, the identifier information comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0429] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from the at least one of the second core network device or the third core network device, the information.
[0430] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to at least one of the second core network device or a third core network device, a request for the information; and receive, from the at least one of the second core network device or the third core network device, the information.
[0431] In some embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0432] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to at least one of the second core network device, the at least one network device, or a third core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, or a cause value for AIoT.
[0433] In some embodiments, the third core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0434] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, the AIoT service request indicating a connection state of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the second device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0435] In some embodiments, processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from the second core network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0436] In some embodiments, the first core network device comprises an application function (AF) , and the second core network device comprises an AIoT function (AIoTF) .
[0437] In an aspect, it is proposed a second core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second core network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.
[0438] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0439] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated at least one terminal device.
[0440] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: transmit, to the first core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0441] In some embodiments, the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0442] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating a cause value of AIoT and a radio resource control (RRC) inactive or RRC idle mode of the at least one terminal device; and transmit, to the at least one network device or the at least one terminal device, a paging message associated with the at least one terminal device, the paging message comprising a cause value of AIoT.
[0443] In some embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service, and wherein the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0444] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: transmit, to the first core network device, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device, the registration indication comprising the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; and store the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0445] In an aspect, it is proposed a second core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from a first core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state, wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.
[0446] In some embodiments, the identifier information comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.
[0447] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information; and transmit the information to the first core network device, wherein the request for the information comprises at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the at least one terminal device, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0448] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, or a cause value for AIoT.
[0449] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, the AIoT service request indicating a connection state of the at least one terminal device; receive, from a third core network device, at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network; and transmit, to at least one of: the first core network device, the third core network device or the at least one network device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0450] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: transmit, to at least one of: the first core network device, a third core network device or the at least one network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0451] In an aspect, it is proposed a third core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the third core network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of ambient Internet of things (AIoT) ; and transmit, to at least one of: the at least one terminal device or the at least one network device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT.
[0452] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the third core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated at least one terminal device.
[0453] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the third core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, a request for registration of the at least one terminal device, the request comprising at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network; and receive, from the second core network device, at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT.
[0454] In some embodiments, processor is further configured to cause the third core network device to: receive, from the second core network device, mapping information between at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with AIoT, and the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.
[0455] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; and receive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.
[0456] In some embodiments, processor is further configured to cause the network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated with the at least one terminal device.
[0457] In some embodiments, processor is further configured to cause the network device to: receive, from the first core network device or the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of AIoT; and transmit, to the at least one terminal device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT, wherein a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure or an RRC connection resume procedure between the network device and the at least one terminal device is performed with the cause value of AIoT.
[0458] In some embodiments, the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with the AIoT service request.
[0459] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: receive mapping information between the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device and the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device.
[0460] In an aspect, it is proposed a first core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0461] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from at least one network device of the set of network devices, a message indicating at least one of: at least one terminal device of the set of terminal devices for an AIoT service, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.
[0462] In some embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0463] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0464] In some embodiments, the set of terminal devices comprise a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, the information comprising device information of a serving network device of the first terminal device, and / or the set of terminal devices comprise a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, the information comprising device information of an anchor network device for the second terminal device, and / or the set of terminal devices comprise a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, no network device information corresponding to the third terminal device being included in the information.
[0465] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from at least one of the at least one network device or the second core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0466] In some embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the at least one network device.
[0467] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from a third core network device, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating the set of terminal devices, wherein the request comprises at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state.
[0468] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, first identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service; and receive, from the second core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0469] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0470] In some embodiments, mapping information between first identifiers of the set of terminal devices and second identifiers are configured by the first core network device or the second core network device, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service, and the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network.
[0471] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; and receive the information from the second core network device.
[0472] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: transmit, to the set of network devices, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; and receive the information from the set of network devices.
[0473] In some embodiments, the request for the information further comprises at least one of: area information of the set of terminal devices, area information of the AIoT service, a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, or the AIoT service request.
[0474] In some embodiments, the request for the information is transmitted periodically.
[0475] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: receive, from the second core network device, a registration indication of the set of terminal devices, the registration indication comprising the second identifiers; and store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0476] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to: perform a registration of the set of terminal devices with the second identifiers; and store the second identifiers associated to the first identifiers of the set of terminal devices.
[0477] In some embodiments, the first core network device comprises an AIoT function, and the second core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .
[0478] In an aspect, it is proposed a second core network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the first core network device to: obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the set of network devices, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0479] In some embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0480] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of at least one network device, type information of the at least one network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0481] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, first identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service; and transmit, to the first core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0482] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, second identifiers of the set of terminal devices, the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network, wherein the AIoT service request comprises the second identifiers.
[0483] In some embodiments, mapping information between first identifiers of the set of terminal devices and second identifiers are configured by the first core network device or the second core network device, the first identifiers being associated with an AIoT service, and the second identifiers being associated with a new radio network.
[0484] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information, the request comprising first identifiers of the set of terminal devices or second identifiers of the set of terminal devices; transmit, to the network device, a further request for the information; receive, from the network device, the information; and transmit the information to the first core network device.
[0485] In some embodiments, the request comprises the first identifiers, and the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: determine the second identifiers of the set of terminal devices mapped with the first identifiers; and obtain the information based on the second identifiers.
[0486] In some embodiments, the request comprises the first identifiers, and the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: obtain the information based on the first identifiers.
[0487] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the second core network device to: receive, from the at least one network device, a paging message indicating a cause value of AIoT and a terminal device being not identified by the at least one network device.
[0488] In an aspect, it is proposed a network device comprising: a processor configured to cause the network device to: receive, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.
[0489] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: determine at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the first core network device, a message indicating at least one of: the at least one terminal device, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.
[0490] In some embodiments, the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of: a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, an RRC inactive state, a connection management (CM) connected state, or an RRC idle state.
[0491] In some embodiments, the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the network device.
[0492] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive mode, and the network device comprises an anchor network device of the first terminal device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: trigger a paging and indicate a cause value of the paging as AIoT, wherein the paging is a radio access network paging.
[0493] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive mode, and the network device is different from an anchor network device of the first terminal device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: transmit the AIoT service request and identifier information of the first terminal device to the anchor network device.
[0494] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a second terminal device unidentified by the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: transmit, to the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating identifier information of the second terminal device and a cause value of AIoT.
[0495] In some embodiments, the at least one terminal device comprises a third terminal device connected with the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: transmit the AIoT service request to the third terminal device.
[0496] In some embodiments, the processor is further configured to cause the network device to: receive, from at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, a request for information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; and transmit, to the at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, the information.
[0497] In some embodiments, the information comprises at least one of: the at least one terminal device, identifier information of the network device, type information of the network device, at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.
[0498] In an aspect, a first core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0499] In an aspect, a second core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0500] In an aspect, a second core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0501] In an aspect, a third core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the third core network device discussed above.
[0502] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0503] In an aspect, a first core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0504] In an aspect, a second core network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0505] In an aspect, a network device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0506] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0507] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0508] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0509] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third core network device discussed above.
[0510] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0511] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0512] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0513] In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0514] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0515] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0516] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0517] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the third core network device discussed above.
[0518] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0519] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first core network device discussed above.
[0520] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second core network device discussed above.
[0521] In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the network device discussed above.
[0522] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0523] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 21. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0524] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0525] The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.
[0526] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0527] Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
A first core network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first core network device to:obtain information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; andtransmit, based on the information, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request to at least one of: the at least one terminal device, the at least one network device, or a second core network device.The first core network device of claim 1, wherein the information comprises at least one of:the at least one terminal device,identifier information of at least one network device,type information of the at least one network device,at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, ora session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.The first core network device of claim 2, wherein:the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in an RRC connected state, the information comprising device information of a serving network device of the first terminal device, and / orthe at least one terminal device comprises a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, the information comprising device information of an anchor network device for the second terminal device, and / orthe at least one terminal device comprises a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, no network device information corresponding to the third terminal device being included in the information.The first core network device of any of claims 1-3, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:receive, from at least one of the second core network device, the at least one network device or a third core network device, at least one of: updated device information of the at least one network device, updated connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.The first core network device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:receive the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.The first core network device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:transmit, to at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device, a request for the information; andreceive the information from the at least one of the second core network device or the at least one network device.The first core network device of claim 5 or 6, wherein the request for the information comprises at least one of:identifier information of the at least one terminal device,area information of the at least one terminal device,area information of the AIoT service,a session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request, orthe AIoT service request.The first core network device of claim 6, wherein the request for the information is transmitted periodically.The first core network device of any of claims 1-8, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to perform at least one of:based on the information indicating a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) connected state, transmitting the AIoT service request to the first terminal device;based on the information indicating a second terminal device in an RRC inactive state, transmitting a triggering message for paging to the second core network device or a network device associated with the second terminal device; orbased on the information indicating a third terminal device in an RRC idle state, transmitting a triggering message for paging to the second core network device.The first core network device of claim 9, wherein the triggering message for paging comprises at least one of a cause value of AIoT, an identifier associated with the second terminal device, or an identifier associated with the third terminal device.The first core network device of any of claims 1-10, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:receive, from a third core network device, a request for an AIoT service, the request indicating at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or area information of the set of terminal devices; anddetermine the at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices,wherein the request comprises at least one of: area information of the AIoT service, identifiers of the set of terminal devices, a group identifier of the set of terminal devices, or an indication for selecting a terminal device in a target state.The first core network device of claim 11, wherein the third core network device comprises an application function (AF) , and the target state comprises at least one of:a radio resource control (RRC) connected state,an RRC inactive state, ora connection management (CM) connected state.The first core network device of any of claims 1-12, wherein the identifier information of the at least one terminal device comprises at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one first identifier being associated with an AIoT service.The first core network device of claim 13, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:transmit, to the second core network device, mapping information between the at least one first identifier and at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device, the at least one second identifier being associated with a new radio network.The first core network device of claim 14, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:receive, from the second core network device, a registration indication of the at least one terminal device, the registration indication comprising the at least one second identifier of the at least one terminal device; andstore the at least one second identifier associated to the at least one first identifier of the at least one terminal device.The first core network device of any of claims 5-15, wherein the first core network device comprises an AIoT function, the second core network device comprises an access and mobility management function (AMF) .The first core network device of any of claims 1-4, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:transmit, to the second core network device, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the identifier information of the at least one terminal device, the information, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state.A second core network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second core network device to:transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; andreceive, from the first core network device, at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.A second core network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the second core network device to:receive, from a first core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: identifier information of at least one terminal device, the information associated with the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a target state of the at least one terminal device, the target state comprising a radio resource control (RRC) connected state or an RRC inactive state,wherein the information indicates at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:transmit, to a first core network device, information associated at least one terminal device, the information indicating at least one of: device information of at least one network device associated with the at least one terminal device, or connection state information of the at least one terminal device; andreceive, from the first core network device or a second core network device, at least one of: identifier information of the at least one terminal device or an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request.The network device of claim 20, wherein processor is further configured to cause the network device to:receive, from the first core network device, a request for the information associated with the at least one terminal device.The network device of claim 20 or 21, wherein processor is further configured to cause the network device to:receive, from the first core network device or the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message comprising a cause value of AIoT; andtransmit, to the at least one terminal device, a paging message with the cause value of AIoT,wherein a radio resource control (RRC) connection procedure or an RRC connection resume procedure between the network device and the at least one terminal device is performed with the cause value of AIoT.A first core network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the first core network device to:obtain information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; andtransmit, to the set of network devices or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: the set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.The first core network device of claim 23, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the first core network device to:receive, from at least one network device of the set of network devices, a message indicating at least one of: at least one terminal device of the set of terminal devices for an AIoT service, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.A network device comprising:a processor configured to cause the network device to:receive, from a first core network device or a second core network device, an ambient Internet of things (AIoT) service request, the AIoT service request comprising at least one of: a set of terminal devices, or a target state of a terminal device.The network device of claim 25, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:determine at least one terminal device from the set of terminal devices; andtransmit, to the first core network device, a message indicating at least one of: the at least one terminal device, or at least one remaining terminal device in the set of terminal devices.The network device of claim 26, wherein the message comprises at least one of: connection state information of the at least one terminal device, or an indication of a further set of terminal devices not being identified by the network device.The network device of any of claims 25-27, wherein the target state of the terminal device comprises at least one of:a radio resource control (RRC) connected state,an RRC inactive state,a connection management (CM) connected state, oran RRC idle state.The network device of any of claims 25-27, wherein the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive mode, and the network device comprises an anchor network device of the first terminal device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:trigger a paging and indicate a cause value of the paging as AIoT, wherein the paging is a radio access network paging.The network device of any of claims 25-27, wherein the at least one terminal device comprises a first terminal device in a radio resource control (RRC) inactive mode, and the network device is different from an anchor network device of the first terminal device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:transmit the AIoT service request and identifier information of the first terminal device to the anchor network device.The network device of any of claims 25-28, wherein the at least one terminal device comprises a second terminal device unidentified by the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:transmit, to the second core network device, a triggering message for paging, the triggering message indicating identifier information of the second terminal device and a cause value of AIoT.The network device of any of claims 25-29, wherein the at least one terminal device comprises a third terminal device connected with the network device, and the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:transmit the AIoT service request to the third terminal device.The network device of any of claims 25-22, wherein the processor is further configured to cause the network device to:receive, from at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, a request for information associated with a set of terminal devices, the information indicating at least one of: device information of a set of network devices associated with the set of terminal devices, or connection state information of the set of terminal devices; andtransmit, to the at least one of the first core network device or the second core network device, the information.The network device of claim 33, wherein the information comprises at least one of:the at least one terminal device,identifier information of the network device,type information of the network device,at least one radio resource control (RRC) state of the at least one terminal device, ora session identifier or transaction identifier associated with the AIoT service request.