Reference signal measurement in candidate cells for lower layer triggered mobility
By enabling UEs to transmit synchronization status and measure reference signals based on configuration, the solution addresses LTM challenges, enhancing mobility management in wireless networks through accurate reference signal measurements.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- QUALCOMM INC
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Wireless communications systems face challenges in supporting lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) operations, particularly in event triggered layer 1 measurement reporting for reference signal measurements in candidate cells.
A user equipment (UE) transmits a control message indicating its downlink synchronization status with candidate cells, receives a measurement configuration, and measures reference signals accordingly, reporting the results to the serving cell, with mechanisms for synchronized and non-synchronized scenarios, including measurement gaps and quasi-co-located synchronization signal blocks.
Enhances the capability of UEs to perform efficient reference signal measurements in candidate cells, supporting lower layer triggered mobility operations and improving the accuracy of mobility management in wireless networks.
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Figure CN2024130752_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
REFERENCE SIGNAL MEASUREMENT IN CANDIDATE CELLS FOR LOWER LAYER TRIGGERED MOBILITY
[0001] FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
[0002] The following relates to wireless communications, including reference signal measurement in candidate cells for lower layer triggered mobility.BACKGROUND
[0003] Wireless communications systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communication content such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, and so on. These systems may be capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing the available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power) . Examples of such multiple-access systems include fourth generation (4G) systems such as Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems, or LTE-A Pro systems, and fifth generation (5G) systems which may be referred to as New Radio (NR) systems. These systems may employ technologies such as code division multiple access (CDMA) , time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA) , or discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) . A wireless multiple-access communications system may include one or more base stations, each supporting wireless communication for communication devices, which may be known as user equipment (UE) .SUMMARY
[0004] The systems, methods, and devices of this disclosure each have several innovative aspects, no single one of which is solely responsible for the desirable attributes disclosed herein.
[0005] A method for wireless communications by a user equipment (UE) is described. The method may include transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells, receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells, measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration, and transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0006] A UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include one or more memories storing processor executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories. The one or more processors may individually or collectively be operable to execute the code to cause the UE to transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells, receive, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells, measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration, and transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0007] Another UE for wireless communications is described. The UE may include means for transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells, means for receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells, means for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration, and means for transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0008] A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications is described. The code may include instructions executable by one or more processors to transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells, receive, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells, measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration, and transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0009] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a first candidate cell that may be downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that may be based on the synchronized timing and measuring the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, where the measurement configuration may be based on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.
[0010] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving, from a second candidate cell that may be downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap and measuring the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, where the measurement configuration may be based on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.
[0011] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that may be downlink non-synchronized with the UE, receiving, from the second candidate cell, a synchronization signal block (SSB) that may be quasi co-located to the second reference signal, and measuring the second reference signal and the SSB based on the SSB being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.
[0012] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a capability message that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE to measure the one or more reference signals according to a measurement gap, the one or more capabilities based on an overlap between a frequency range of the one or more reference signals and an active bandwidth range of the serving cell, an overlap between the frequency range and a configured bandwidth range of the serving cell, or both, where the measurement configuration may be based on the one or more capabilities.
[0013] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for receiving the measurement configuration that indicates a first measurement gap for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals and a second measurement gap for a second reference signal of the one or more reference signals, where the first measurement gap overlaps with the second measurement gap and measuring the first reference signal and the second reference signal according to a third measurement gap that may be based on a prioritization rule associated with the first measurement gap and the second measurement gap.
[0014] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for selecting a timing window that includes one or more first symbols that may be associated with measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, one or more second symbols that may be positioned, in time, before the one or more first symbols, and one or more third symbols that may be positioned, in time, after the one or more first symbols and refraining from communicating with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells during the timing window based on a measurement beam of the serving cell being different than a second measurement beam of the candidate cell.
[0015] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals in a symbol associated with a SSB based on the first reference signal being quasi co-located to the SSB.
[0016] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for refraining from measuring a first reference signal of a second set of reference signals and a second reference signal of the second set of reference signals based on the first reference signal overlapping with the second reference signal and based on a rule or a capability of the UE.
[0017] Some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein may further include operations, features, means, or instructions for transmitting a threshold message that indicates a threshold quantity of candidate cells, a threshold quantity of reference signals, or both, where the measurement configuration may be based on the threshold message.
[0018] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, measuring the one or more reference signals may include operations, features, means, or instructions for performing, as part of a lower-layer triggered mobility (LTM) operation, a layer 1 measurement operation on the one or more reference signals.
[0019] In some examples of the method, UEs, and non-transitory computer-readable medium described herein, the one or more reference signals include one or more channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) .
[0020] Details of one or more implementations of the subject matter described in this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims. Note that the relative dimensions of the following figures may not be drawn to scale.
[0021] The foregoing has outlined rather broadly the features and technical advantages of examples according to the disclosure in order that the detailed description that follows may be better understood. Additional features and advantages will be described hereinafter. The conception and specific examples disclosed may be readily utilized as a basis for modifying or designing other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. Characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein, both their organization and method of operation, together with associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in connection with the accompanying figures. Each of the figures is provided for the purposes of illustration and description, and not as a definition of the limits of the claims.
[0022] While aspects and embodiments are described in this application by illustration to some examples, those skilled in the art will understand that additional implementations and use cases may come about in many different arrangements and scenarios. Innovations described herein may be implemented across many differing platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes, packaging arrangements. For example, embodiments and / or uses may come about via integrated chip embodiments and other non-module-component based devices (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication devices, computing devices, industrial equipment, retail / purchasing devices, medical devices, artificial intelligence (AI) -enabled devices, etc. ) . While some examples may or may not be specifically directed to use cases or applications, a wide assortment of applicability of described innovations may occur. Implementations may range in spectrum from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level implementations and further to aggregate, distributed, or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems incorporating one or more aspects of the described innovations. In some practical settings, devices incorporating described aspects and features may also necessarily include additional components and features for implementation and practice of claimed and described embodiments. For example, transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily includes a number of components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antenna, radio frequency (RF) -chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffer, processor (s) , interleaver, adders / summers, etc. ) . It is intended that innovations described herein may be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, end-user devices, etc. of varying sizes, shapes, and constitution.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0023] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0024] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network architecture that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0025] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0026] FIG. 4 shows an example of a bandwidth diagram that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0027] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0028] FIGs. 6 and 7 show block diagrams of devices that support reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0029] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of a communications manager that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0030] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system including a device that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.
[0031] FIGs. 10 through 13 show flowcharts illustrating methods that support reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] In some wireless communications systems, a user equipment (UE) may perform one or more operations to communicate with a serving cell and one or more candidate cells. For example, the UE may perform a lower layer triggered mobility (LTM) operation to change a serving cell of the UE and to maintain one or more upper layer configurations associated with the UE. The UE may perform measurements on a set of reference signals (e.g., channel state information (CSI) reference signals (CSI-RSs) ) from the one or more candidate cells and may report the measurements to a current serving cell. However, some wireless communications systems may not support some LTM operations such as event triggered layer 1 measurement reporting. Accordingly, techniques described herein may support UE evaluated conditions for triggering an LTM operation and may further support CSI-RS measurements for CSI-RS based beam management within LTM procedures.
[0033] A UE may measure one or more reference signals from a candidate cell based on whether the UE is synchronized (e.g., downlink synchronized) with the candidate cell. For example, the UE may transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. Then, the UE may receive, from the serving cell, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs) from the one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration may be based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. In response, the UE may measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. In some cases, if the UE is downlink synchronized with a first candidate cell, the UE may measure a reference signal from the first candidate cell according to a corresponding synchronized timing. Additionally, or alternatively, if the UE is not downlink synchronized with a second candidate cell, the UE may measure a reference signal from the second candidate cell in accordance with a measurement gap or in accordance with measuring a quai co-located synchronization signal block (SSB) . The UE may transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0034] Aspects of the disclosure are initially described in the context of wireless communications systems. Aspects of the disclosure are then described with reference to a bandwidth diagram and a process flow. Aspects of the disclosure are further illustrated by and described with reference to apparatus diagrams, system diagrams, and flowcharts that relate to reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM.
[0035] FIG. 1 shows an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more devices, such as one or more network devices (e.g., network entities 105) , one or more UEs 115, and a core network 130. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may be a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network, an LTE-A Pro network, a New Radio (NR) network, or a network operating in accordance with other systems and radio technologies, including future systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0036] The network entities 105 may be dispersed throughout a geographic area to form the wireless communications system 100 and may include devices in different forms or having different capabilities. In various examples, a network entity 105 may be referred to as a network element, a mobility element, a radio access network (RAN) node, or network equipment, among other nomenclature. In some examples, network entities 105 and UEs 115 may wirelessly communicate via communication link (s) 125 (e.g., a radio frequency (RF) access link) . For example, a network entity 105 may support a coverage area 110 (e.g., a geographic coverage area) over which the UEs 115 and the network entity 105 may establish the communication link (s) 125. The coverage area 110 may be an example of a geographic area over which a network entity 105 and a UE 115 may support the communication of signals according to one or more radio access technologies (RATs) .
[0037] The UEs 115 may be dispersed throughout a coverage area 110 of the wireless communications system 100, and each UE 115 may be stationary, or mobile, or both at different times. The UEs 115 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some example UEs 115 are illustrated in FIG. 1. The UEs 115 described herein may be capable of supporting communications with various types of devices in the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., other wireless communication devices, including UEs 115 or network entities 105) , as shown in FIG. 1.
[0038] As described herein, a node of the wireless communications system 100, which may be referred to as a network node, or a wireless node, may be a network entity 105 (e.g., any network entity described herein) , a UE 115 (e.g., any UE described herein) , a network controller, an apparatus, a device, a computing system, one or more components, or another suitable processing entity configured to perform any of the techniques described herein. For example, a node may be a UE 115. As another example, a node may be a network entity 105. As another example, a first node may be configured to communicate with a second node or a third node. In one aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a UE 115. In another aspect of this example, the first node may be a UE 115, the second node may be a network entity 105, and the third node may be a network entity 105. In yet other aspects of this example, the first, second, and third nodes may be different relative to these examples. Similarly, reference to a UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like may include disclosure of the UE 115, network entity 105, apparatus, device, computing system, or the like being a node. For example, disclosure that a UE 115 is configured to receive information from a network entity 105 also discloses that a first node is configured to receive information from a second node.
[0039] In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with a core network 130, or with one another, or both. For example, network entities 105 may communicate with the core network 130 via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an S1, N2, N3, or other interface protocol) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via backhaul communication link (s) 120 (e.g., in accordance with an X2, Xn, or other interface protocol) either directly (e.g., directly between network entities 105) or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 130) . In some examples, network entities 105 may communicate with one another via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., in accordance with a midhaul interface protocol) or a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., in accordance with a fronthaul interface protocol) , or any combination thereof. The backhaul communication link (s) 120, midhaul communication links 162, or fronthaul communication links 168 may be or include one or more wired links (e.g., an electrical link, an optical fiber link) or one or more wireless links (e.g., a radio link, a wireless optical link) , among other examples or various combinations thereof. A UE 115 may communicate with the core network 130 via a communication link 155.
[0040] One or more of the network entities 105 or network equipment described herein may include or may be referred to as a base station 140 (e.g., a base transceiver station, a radio base station, an NR base station, an access point, a radio transceiver, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB or giga-NodeB (either of which may be referred to as a gNB) , a 5G NB, a next-generation eNB (ng-eNB) , a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or other suitable terminology) . In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may be implemented in an aggregated (e.g., monolithic, standalone) base station architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within one network entity (e.g., a network entity 105 or a single RAN node, such as a base station 140) .
[0041] In some examples, a network entity 105 may be implemented in a disaggregated architecture (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) , which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed among multiple network entities (e.g., network entities 105) , such as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 105 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , such as a CU 160, a distributed unit (DU) , such as a DU 165, a radio unit (RU) , such as an RU 170, a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) , such as an RIC 175 (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, such as an SMO system 180, or any combination thereof. An RU 170 may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 105 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 105 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some examples, one or more of the network entities 105 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
[0042] The split of functionality between a CU 160, a DU 165, and an RU 170 is flexible and may support different functionalities depending on which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, RF functions, or any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU 160 and a DU 165 such that the CU 160 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU 165 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some examples, the CU 160 may host upper protocol layer (e.g., layer 3 (L3) , layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU 160 (e.g., one or more CUs) may be connected to a DU 165 (e.g., one or more DUs) or an RU 170 (e.g., one or more RUs) , or some combination thereof, and the DUs 165, RUs 170, or both may host lower protocol layers, such as layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160. Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU 165 and an RU 170 such that the DU 165 may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU 170 may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU 165 may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or multiple different RUs, such as an RU 170) . In some cases, a functional split between a CU 160 and a DU 165 or between a DU 165 and an RU 170 may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU 160, a DU 165, or an RU 170, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU 160, the DU 165, or the RU 170) . A CU 160 may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU 160 may be connected to a DU 165 via a midhaul communication link 162 (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u) , and a DU 165 may be connected to an RU 170 via a fronthaul communication link 168 (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some examples, a midhaul communication link 162 or a fronthaul communication link 168 may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities (e.g., one or more of the network entities 105) that are in communication via such communication links.
[0043] In some wireless communications systems (e.g., the wireless communications system 100) , infrastructure and spectral resources for radio access may support wireless backhaul link capabilities to supplement wired backhaul connections, providing an IAB network architecture (e.g., to a core network 130) . In some cases, in an IAB network, one or more of the network entities 105 (e.g., network entities 105 or IAB node (s) 104) may be partially controlled by each other. The IAB node (s) 104 may be referred to as a donor entity or an IAB donor. A DU 165 or an RU 170 may be partially controlled by a CU 160 associated with a network entity 105 or base station 140 (such as a donor network entity or a donor base station) . The one or more donor entities (e.g., IAB donors) may be in communication with one or more additional devices (e.g., IAB node (s) 104) via supported access and backhaul links (e.g., backhaul communication link (s) 120) . IAB node (s) 104 may include an IAB mobile termination (IAB-MT) controlled (e.g., scheduled) by one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) of a coupled IAB donor. An IAB-MT may be equipped with an independent set of antennas for relay of communications with UEs 115 or may share the same antennas (e.g., of an RU 170) of IAB node (s) 104 used for access via the DU 165 of the IAB node (s) 104 (e.g., referred to as virtual IAB-MT (vIAB-MT) ) . In some examples, the IAB node (s) 104 may include one or more DUs (e.g., DUs 165) that support communication links with additional entities (e.g., IAB node (s) 104, UEs 115) within the relay chain or configuration of the access network (e.g., downstream) . In such cases, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., the IAB node (s) 104 or components of the IAB node (s) 104) may be configured to operate according to the techniques described herein.
[0044] In the case of the techniques described herein applied in the context of a disaggregated RAN architecture, one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured to support reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM as described herein. For example, some operations described as being performed by a UE 115 or a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140) may additionally, or alternatively, be performed by one or more components of the disaggregated RAN architecture (e.g., components such as an IAB node, a DU 165, a CU 160, an RU 170, an RIC 175, an SMO system 180) .
[0045] A UE 115 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology, where the “device” may also be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples. A UE 115 may also include or may be referred to as a personal electronic device such as a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a tablet computer, a laptop computer, or a personal computer. In some examples, a UE 115 may include or be referred to as a wireless local loop (WLL) station, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, an Internet of Everything (IoE) device, or a machine type communications (MTC) device, among other examples, which may be implemented in various objects such as appliances, vehicles, or meters, among other examples.
[0046] The UEs 115 described herein may be able to communicate with various types of devices, such as UEs 115 that may sometimes operate as relays, as well as the network entities 105 and the network equipment including macro eNBs or gNBs, small cell eNBs or gNBs, or relay base stations, among other examples, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0047] The UEs 115 and the network entities 105 may wirelessly communicate with one another via the communication link (s) 125 (e.g., one or more access links) using resources associated with one or more carriers. The term “carrier” may refer to a set of RF spectrum resources having a defined PHY layer structure for supporting the communication link (s) 125. For example, a carrier used for the communication link (s) 125 may include a portion of an RF spectrum band (e.g., a bandwidth part (BWP) ) that is operated according to one or more PHY layer channels for a given RAT (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR) . Each PHY layer channel may carry acquisition signaling (e.g., synchronization signals, system information) , control signaling that coordinates operation for the carrier, user data, or other signaling. The wireless communications system 100 may support communication with a UE 115 using carrier aggregation or multi-carrier operation. A UE 115 may be configured with multiple downlink component carriers and one or more uplink component carriers according to a carrier aggregation configuration. Carrier aggregation may be used with both frequency division duplexing (FDD) and time division duplexing (TDD) component carriers. Communication between a network entity 105 and other devices may refer to communication between the devices and any portion (e.g., entity, sub-entity) of a network entity 105. For example, the terms “transmitting, ” “receiving, ” or “communicating, ” when referring to a network entity 105, may refer to any portion of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, a CU 160, a DU 165, a RU 170) of a RAN communicating with another device (e.g., directly or via one or more other network entities, such as one or more of the network entities 105) .
[0048] In some examples, such as in a carrier aggregation configuration, a carrier may have acquisition signaling or control signaling that coordinates operations for other carriers. A carrier may be associated with a frequency channel (e.g., an evolved universal mobile telecommunication system terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) absolute RF channel number (EARFCN) ) and may be identified according to a channel raster for discovery by the UEs 115. A carrier may be operated in a standalone mode, in which case initial acquisition and connection may be conducted by the UEs 115 via the carrier, or the carrier may be operated in a non-standalone mode, in which case a connection is anchored using a different carrier (e.g., of the same or a different RAT) .
[0049] The communication link (s) 125 of the wireless communications system 100 may include downlink transmissions (e.g., forward link transmissions) from a network entity 105 to a UE 115, uplink transmissions (e.g., return link transmissions) from a UE 115 to a network entity 105, or both, among other configurations of transmissions. Carriers may carry downlink or uplink communications (e.g., in an FDD mode) or may be configured to carry downlink and uplink communications (e.g., in a TDD mode) .
[0050] A carrier may be associated with a particular bandwidth of the RF spectrum and, in some examples, the carrier bandwidth may be referred to as a “system bandwidth” of the carrier or the wireless communications system 100. For example, the carrier bandwidth may be one of a set of bandwidths for carriers of a particular RAT (e.g., 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40, or 80 megahertz (MHz) ) . Devices of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., the network entities 105, the UEs 115, or both) may have hardware configurations that support communications using a particular carrier bandwidth or may be configurable to support communications using one of a set of carrier bandwidths. In some examples, the wireless communications system 100 may include network entities 105 or UEs 115 that support concurrent communications using carriers associated with multiple carrier bandwidths. In some examples, each served UE 115 may be configured for operating using portions (e.g., a sub-band, a BWP) or all of a carrier bandwidth.
[0051] Signal waveforms transmitted via a carrier may be made up of multiple subcarriers (e.g., using multi-carrier modulation (MCM) techniques such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) ) . In a system employing MCM techniques, a resource element may refer to resources of one symbol period (e.g., a duration of one modulation symbol) and one subcarrier, in which case the symbol period and subcarrier spacing may be inversely related. The quantity of bits carried by each resource element may depend on the modulation scheme (e.g., the order of the modulation scheme, the coding rate of the modulation scheme, or both) , such that a relatively higher quantity of resource elements (e.g., in a transmission duration) and a relatively higher order of a modulation scheme may correspond to a relatively higher rate of communication. A wireless communications resource may refer to a combination of an RF spectrum resource, a time resource, and a spatial resource (e.g., a spatial layer, a beam) , and the use of multiple spatial resources may increase the data rate or data integrity for communications with a UE 115.
[0052] One or more numerologies for a carrier may be supported, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing (Δf) and a cyclic prefix. A carrier may be divided into one or more BWPs having the same or different numerologies. In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured with multiple BWPs. In some examples, a single BWP for a carrier may be active at a given time and communications for the UE 115 may be restricted to one or more active BWPs.
[0053] The time intervals for the network entities 105 or the UEs 115 may be expressed in multiples of a basic time unit which may, for example, refer to a sampling period of Ts=1 / (Δfmax·Nf) seconds, for which Δfmax may represent a supported subcarrier spacing, and Nf may represent a supported discrete Fourier transform (DFT) size. Time intervals of a communications resource may be organized according to radio frames each having a specified duration (e.g., 10 milliseconds (ms) ) . Each radio frame may be identified by a system frame number (SFN) (e.g., ranging from 0 to 1023) .
[0054] Each frame may include multiple consecutively-numbered subframes or slots, and each subframe or slot may have the same duration. In some examples, a frame may be divided (e.g., in the time domain) into subframes, and each subframe may be further divided into a quantity of slots. Alternatively, each frame may include a variable quantity of slots, and the quantity of slots may depend on subcarrier spacing. Each slot may include a quantity of symbol periods (e.g., depending on the length of the cyclic prefix prepended to each symbol period) . In some wireless communications systems, such as the wireless communications system 100, a slot may further be divided into multiple mini-slots associated with one or more symbols. Excluding the cyclic prefix, each symbol period may be associated with one or more (e.g., Nf) sampling periods. The duration of a symbol period may depend on the subcarrier spacing or frequency band of operation.
[0055] A subframe, a slot, a mini-slot, or a symbol may be the smallest scheduling unit (e.g., in the time domain) of the wireless communications system 100 and may be referred to as a transmission time interval (TTI) . In some examples, the TTI duration (e.g., a quantity of symbol periods in a TTI) may be variable. Additionally, or alternatively, the smallest scheduling unit of the wireless communications system 100 may be dynamically selected (e.g., in bursts of shortened TTIs (sTTIs) ) .
[0056] Physical channels may be multiplexed for communication using a carrier according to various techniques. A physical control channel and a physical data channel may be multiplexed for signaling via a downlink carrier, for example, using one or more of time division multiplexing (TDM) techniques, frequency division multiplexing (FDM) techniques, or hybrid TDM-FDM techniques. A control region (e.g., a control resource set (CORESET) ) for a physical control channel may be defined by a set of symbol periods and may extend across the system bandwidth or a subset of the system bandwidth of the carrier. One or more control regions (e.g., CORESETs) may be configured for a set of the UEs 115. For example, one or more of the UEs 115 may monitor or search control regions for control information according to one or more search space sets, and each search space set may include one or multiple control channel candidates in one or more aggregation levels arranged in a cascaded manner. An aggregation level for a control channel candidate may refer to an amount of control channel resources (e.g., control channel elements (CCEs) ) associated with encoded information for a control information format having a given payload size. Search space sets may include common search space sets configured for sending control information to UEs 115 (e.g., one or more UEs) or may include UE-specific search space sets for sending control information to a UE 115 (e.g., a specific UE) .
[0057] A network entity 105 may provide communication coverage via one or more cells, for example a macro cell, a small cell, a hot spot, or other types of cells, or any combination thereof. The term “cell” may refer to a logical communication entity used for communication with a network entity 105 (e.g., using a carrier) and may be associated with an identifier for distinguishing neighboring cells (e.g., a physical cell identifier (PCID or PCI) , a virtual cell identifier (VCID) ) . In some examples, a cell also may refer to a coverage area 110 or a portion of a coverage area 110 (e.g., a sector) over which the logical communication entity operates. Such cells may range from smaller areas (e.g., a structure, a subset of structure) to larger areas depending on various factors such as the capabilities of the network entity 105. For example, a cell may be or include a building, a subset of a building, or exterior spaces between or overlapping with coverage areas 110, among other examples.
[0058] A macro cell generally covers a relatively large geographic area (e.g., several kilometers in radius) and may allow unrestricted access by the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider supporting the macro cell. A small cell may be associated with a network entity 105 operating with lower power (e.g., a base station 140 operating with lower power) relative to a macro cell, and a small cell may operate using the same or different (e.g., licensed, unlicensed) frequency bands as macro cells. Small cells may provide unrestricted access to the UEs 115 with service subscriptions with the network provider or may provide restricted access to the UEs 115 having an association with the small cell (e.g., the UEs 115 in a closed subscriber group (CSG) , the UEs 115 associated with users in a home or office) . A network entity 105 may support one or more cells and may also support communications via the one or more cells using one or multiple component carriers.
[0059] In some examples, a carrier may support multiple cells, and different cells may be configured according to different protocol types (e.g., MTC, narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) , enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) ) that may provide access for different types of devices.
[0060] In some examples, a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) may be movable and therefore provide communication coverage for a moving coverage area, such as the coverage area 110. In some examples, coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) associated with different technologies may overlap, but the coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) may be supported by the same network entity (e.g., a network entity 105) . In some other examples, overlapping coverage areas, such as a coverage area 110, associated with different technologies may be supported by different network entities (e.g., the network entities 105) . The wireless communications system 100 may include, for example, a heterogeneous network in which different types of the network entities 105 support communications for coverage areas 110 (e.g., different coverage areas) using the same or different RATs.
[0061] The wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable communications or low-latency communications, or various combinations thereof. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may be configured to support ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) . The UEs 115 may be designed to support ultra-reliable, low-latency, or critical functions. Ultra-reliable communications may include private communication or group communication and may be supported by one or more services such as push-to-talk, video, or data. Support for ultra-reliable, low-latency functions may include prioritization of services, and such services may be used for public safety or general commercial applications. The terms ultra-reliable, low-latency, and ultra-reliable low-latency may be used interchangeably herein.
[0062] In some examples, a UE 115 may be configured to support communicating directly with other UEs (e.g., one or more of the UEs 115) via a device-to-device (D2D) communication link, such as a D2D communication link 135 (e.g., in accordance with a peer-to-peer (P2P) , D2D, or sidelink protocol) . In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of a group that are performing D2D communications may be within the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) , which may support aspects of such D2D communications being configured by (e.g., scheduled by) the network entity 105. In some examples, one or more UEs 115 of such a group may be outside the coverage area 110 of a network entity 105 or may be otherwise unable to or not configured to receive transmissions from a network entity 105. In some examples, groups of the UEs 115 communicating via D2D communications may support a one-to-many (1: M) system in which each UE 115 transmits to one or more of the UEs 115 in the group. In some examples, a network entity 105 may facilitate the scheduling of resources for D2D communications. In some other examples, D2D communications may be carried out between the UEs 115 without an involvement of a network entity 105.
[0063] The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The core network 130 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC) , which may include at least one control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management function (AMF) ) and at least one user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . The control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management for the UEs 115 served by the network entities 105 (e.g., base stations 140) associated with the core network 130. User IP packets may be transferred through the user plane entity, which may provide IP address allocation as well as other functions. The user plane entity may be connected to IP services 150 for one or more network operators. The IP services 150 may include access to the Internet, Intranet (s) , an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) , or a Packet-Switched Streaming Service.
[0064] The wireless communications system 100 may operate using one or more frequency bands, which may be in the range of 300 megahertz (MHz) to 300 gigahertz (GHz) . Generally, the region from 300 MHz to 3 GHz is known as the ultra-high frequency (UHF) region or decimeter band because the wavelengths range from approximately one decimeter to one meter in length. UHF waves may be blocked or redirected by buildings and environmental features, which may be referred to as clusters, but the waves may penetrate structures sufficiently for a macro cell to provide service to the UEs 115 located indoors. Communications using UHF waves may be associated with smaller antennas and shorter ranges (e.g., less than one hundred kilometers) compared to communications using the smaller frequencies and longer waves of the high frequency (HF) or very high frequency (VHF) portion of the spectrum below 300 MHz.
[0065] The wireless communications system 100 may utilize both licensed and unlicensed RF spectrum bands. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may employ License Assisted Access (LAA) , LTE-Unlicensed (LTE-U) RAT, or NR technology using an unlicensed band such as the 5 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band. While operating using unlicensed RF spectrum bands, devices such as the network entities 105 and the UEs 115 may employ carrier sensing for collision detection and avoidance. In some examples, operations using unlicensed bands may be based on a carrier aggregation configuration in conjunction with component carriers operating using a licensed band (e.g., LAA) . Operations using unlicensed spectrum may include downlink transmissions, uplink transmissions, P2P transmissions, or D2D transmissions, among other examples.
[0066] A network entity 105 (e.g., a base station 140, an RU 170) or a UE 115 may be equipped with multiple antennas, which may be used to employ techniques such as transmit diversity, receive diversity, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, or beamforming. The antennas of a network entity 105 or a UE 115 may be located within one or more antenna arrays or antenna panels, which may support MIMO operations or transmit or receive beamforming. For example, one or more base station antennas or antenna arrays may be co-located at an antenna assembly, such as an antenna tower. In some examples, antennas or antenna arrays associated with a network entity 105 may be located at diverse geographic locations. A network entity 105 may include an antenna array with a set of rows and columns of antenna ports that the network entity 105 may use to support beamforming of communications with a UE 115. Likewise, a UE 115 may include one or more antenna arrays that may support various MIMO or beamforming operations. Additionally, or alternatively, an antenna panel may support RF beamforming for a signal transmitted via an antenna port.
[0067] Beamforming, which may also be referred to as spatial filtering, directional transmission, or directional reception, is a signal processing technique that may be used at a transmitting device or a receiving device (e.g., a network entity 105, a UE 115) to shape or steer an antenna beam (e.g., a transmit beam, a receive beam) along a spatial path between the transmitting device and the receiving device. Beamforming may be achieved by combining the signals communicated via antenna elements of an antenna array such that some signals propagating along particular orientations with respect to an antenna array experience constructive interference while others experience destructive interference. The adjustment of signals communicated via the antenna elements may include a transmitting device or a receiving device applying amplitude offsets, phase offsets, or both to signals carried via the antenna elements associated with the device. The adjustments associated with each of the antenna elements may be defined by a beamforming weight set associated with a particular orientation (e.g., with respect to the antenna array of the transmitting device or receiving device, or with respect to some other orientation) .
[0068] In some implementations, techniques described herein may support inter-central unit (e.g., inter-CU) LTM (e.g., layer 2 mobility) . For example, the wireless communications system 100 may support implementations where a CU acts as a master node (e.g., where dual connectivity may not be configured) . In some cases, the wireless communications system 100 may support implementations where dual connectivity (e.g., NR-dual connectivity) is configured and a CU is acting as a secondary node (e.g., if a master cell group (MCG) is unchanged) . Additionally, or alternatively, the wireless communications system 100 may support implementations where dual connectivity is configured and a central unit acts as a master node (e.g., if a secondary cell group (SCG) is unchanged or if the SCG is released) . In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may support LTM procedures that avoid RRC configuration between cell switches (e.g., as per 3GPP release 18 LTM) . The wireless communications system 100 may support security key handling. As described herein, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or more intra-CU LTM procedures (e.g., related to 3GPP release 18 LTM) .
[0069] In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may support measurement enhancements associated with LTM. Such enhancements may be applicable to Intra-CU cell group LTM (e.g., MCG or SCG LTM) and Inter-CU cell group LTM (e.g., MCG or SCG LTM) . For example, the wireless communications system 100 may support event triggered layer 1 measurement reporting and MIMO and Mobility enhancements. Techniques described herein may support CSI-RS measurements for LTM procedures, CSI-RS based beam management, and physical layer operations on candidate cells before LTM. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may support conditional LTM procedures. For example, the wireless communications system 100 may support UE evaluated conditions for triggering LTM. One or more devices of the wireless communications system 100 may support conditional LTM (e.g., including subsequent LTM and intra-CU LTM) . The wireless communications system 100 may support radio resource management (RRM) operations to perform LTM as described herein.
[0070] In some wireless communications systems, one or more devices may perform LTM (e.g., layer 1 or layer 2 mobility) . For example, the one or more devices may update a special cell (e.g., a serving cell) via layer 1 or layer 2 signaling based on a layer 1 measurement. In some cases, the device may perform a single special cell change (e.g., without carrier aggregation) . For example, a UE may change a serving cell corresponding to the UE from a first cell (e.g., an old special cell) to a second cell (e.g., a new special cell) among one or more candidate cells (e.g., a preconfigured candidate special cell set) . In some examples, the UE may perform LTM according to intra-frequency measurements, inter-frequency measurements, or both. As described herein, a special cell (e.g., SpCell) may refer to a primary cell (e.g., a PCell) or a primary and secondary cell (e.g., PSCell) .
[0071] In some cases, as described herein, a layer 3 intra-frequency measurement may refer to a measurement where a measured SSB of a neighbor cell has a same center frequency and a same subcarrier spacing (SCS) as a measured SSB of a serving cell. In some examples, the measurement may be defined as an SSB-based intra-frequency measurement where a center frequency of an SSB of a serving cell (e.g., a serving cell indicated for measurement) and a center frequency of an SSB of a neighbor cell are the same, and where the SCSs corresponding to the two SSBs are also the same. As described herein, a layer 3 inter-frequency measurement may refer to a layer 3 measurement that does not satisfy the conditions (e.g., the definition) associated with a layer 3 intra-frequency measurement. A layer 1 reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement may refer to a measurement of a reference signal within an active bandwidth part (BWP) . A UE which performs the layer 1 RSRP measurement may not use a measurement gap for performing the measurement. In some cases (e.g., if the UE is configured by the network) , the UE may perform layer 1 RSRP measurements on one or more configured CSI-RSs, one or more SSBs, or a combination thereof, for layer 1 RSRP. The UE may perform the measurements on resources configured for layer 1 RSRP measurements within an active BWP (e.g., for a serving cell, a primary cell, a secondary cell, a primary and secondary cell, or any combination thereof) .
[0072] In some wireless communications systems, a UE may determine whether to communicate using one or more symbols according to one or more rules (e.g., measurement scheduling restriction rules) . For example, according to a layer 1 RSRP scheduling rule for a frequency range (e.g., FR2) , a UE may determine to refrain from transmitting information on symbols of a downlink reference signal for a layer 1 RSRP measurement. The UE may receive information on the symbols if the downlink reference signal is a CSI-RS which is quasi co-located with a downlink channel active transmission configuration indicator (TCI) (e.g., a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) active TCI or a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) active TCI) . In some examples, the UE may not receive information in a CSI-RS resource set that has a repetition parameter set to “ON” (e.g., a CSI-RS resource set with repetition “ON” , if the repetition parameter has a value corresponding to an “ON” state) .
[0073] In some cases, a UE may communicate according to a scheduling restriction that applies due to a layer 1 RSRP measurement. For example, in a case where a reference signal for a layer 1 RSRP measurement is a CSI-RS which is quasi co-located with an active TCI state for a PDCCH or a PDSCH and is not in a CSI-RS resource set with repetition ON, the UE may communicate without scheduling restrictions due to the layer 1 RSRP measurement, which may be performed based on the CSI-RS. Otherwise, the UE may refrain from transmitting a first set of transmissions (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, or sounding reference signal (SRS) transmissions) and may refrain from receiving a second set of transmissions (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, or CSI-RS transmissions) on a set of symbols. The first set of transmissions and the second set of transmissions may be for channel tracking or for CSI-RS communications (e.g., for a channel quality indicator (CQI) ) . In some examples, the set of symbols (e.g., which the UE is not to use for the described communication) may include symbols corresponding to SSB indexes configured for a layer 1 RSRP measurement, symbols corresponding to a periodic CSI-RS resource configured for the layer 1 RSRP measurement, symbols corresponding to a semi-persistent CSI-RS resource configured for the layer 1 RSRP measurement (e.g., if the resource is activated) , symbols corresponding to an aperiodic CSI-RS resource configured for the layer 1 RSRP measurement (e.g., if reporting is triggered) , or any combination thereof.
[0074] The wireless communications system 100 may support a UE 115 to measure one or more reference signals from a candidate cell based on whether the UE 115 is synchronized (e.g., downlink synchronized) with the candidate cell. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. Then, the UE 115 may receive, from the serving cell, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals (e.g., CSI-RSs) from the one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration may be based on whether the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. In response, the UE 115 may measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. In some cases, if the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with a first candidate cell, the UE 115 may measure a reference signal from the first candidate cell according to a corresponding synchronized timing. Additionally, or alternatively, if the UE 115 is not downlink synchronized with a second candidate cell, the UE 115 may measure a reference signal from the second candidate cell in accordance with a measurement gap or in accordance with measuring a quai co-located SSB. The UE 115 may transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0075] As described herein, the term “downlink synchronized” may be used to describe a state in which a UE 115 is synchronized with a cell (and a network entity 105) for wireless communication. For example, a UE 115 which is downlink synchronized with a cell may operate using a same (or similar) frequency, frequency range, BWP, or the like. That is, the UE 115-a may be synchronized with the cell with respect to frequency. Further, the UE 115-a may be synchronized with the cell with respect to time (e.g., synchronized with respect to symbols, slots, or the like) . In some cases, a UE 115 which is downlink synchronized with a cell may also be uplink synchronized with the cell (or simply, “synchronized” with the cell) . Accordingly, the term “non-downlink synchronized” may indicate that the UE 115 is not synchronized with the cell with respect to time, frequency, or both.
[0076] FIG. 2 shows an example of a network architecture 200 (e.g., a disaggregated base station architecture, a disaggregated RAN architecture) that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The network architecture 200 may illustrate an example for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communications system 100. The network architecture 200 may include one or more CUs 160-a that may communicate directly with a core network 130-a via a backhaul communication link 120-a, or indirectly with the core network 130-a through one or more disaggregated network entities 105 (e.g., a Near-RT RIC 175-b via an E2 link, or a Non-RT RIC 175-a associated with an SMO 180-a (e.g., an SMO Framework) , or both) . A CU 160-a may communicate with one or more DUs 165-a via respective midhaul communication links 162-a (e.g., an F1 interface) . The DUs 165-a may communicate with one or more RUs 170-a via respective fronthaul communication links 168-a. The RUs 170-a may be associated with respective coverage areas 110-a and may communicate with UEs 115-a via one or more communication links 125-a. In some implementations, a UE 115-a may be simultaneously served by multiple RUs 170-a.
[0077] Each of the network entities 105 of the network architecture 200 (e.g., CUs 160-a, DUs 165-a, RUs 170-a, Non-RT RICs 175-a, Near-RT RICs 175-b, SMOs 180-a, Open Clouds (O-Clouds) 205, Open eNBs (O-eNBs) 210) may include one or more interfaces or may be coupled with one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals (e.g., data, information) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each network entity 105, or an associated processor (e.g., controller) providing instructions to an interface of the network entity 105, may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other network entities 105 via the transmission medium. For example, the network entities 105 may include a wired interface configured to receive or transmit signals over a wired transmission medium to one or more of the other network entities 105. Additionally, or alternatively, the network entities 105 may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter, or transceiver (e.g., an RF transceiver) configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other network entities 105.
[0078] In some examples, a CU 160-a may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include RRC, PDCP, SDAP, or the like. Each control function may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by the CU 160-a. A CU 160-a may be configured to handle user plane functionality (e.g., CU-UP) , control plane functionality (e.g., CU-CP) , or a combination thereof. In some examples, a CU 160-a may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. A CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface, such as an E1 interface when implemented in an O-RAN configuration. A CU 160-a may be implemented to communicate with a DU 165-a, as necessary, for network control and signaling.
[0079] A DU 165-a may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more functions (e.g., base station functions, RAN functions) to control the operation of one or more RUs 170-a. In some examples, a DU 165-a may host, at least partially, one or more of an RLC layer, a MAC layer, and one or more aspects of a PHY layer (e.g., a high PHY layer, such as modules for FEC encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) . In some examples, a DU 165-a may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers hosted by the DU 165-a, or with control functions hosted by a CU 160-a.
[0080] In some examples, lower-layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 170-a. For example, an RU 170-a, controlled by a DU 165-a, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (e.g., performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower-layer functional split. In such an architecture, an RU 170-a may be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 115-a. In some implementations, real-time and non-real-time aspects of control and user plane communication with the RU (s) 170-a may be controlled by the corresponding DU 165-a. In some examples, such a configuration may enable a DU 165-a and a CU 160-a to be implemented in a cloud-based RAN architecture, such as a vRAN architecture.
[0081] The SMO 180-a may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized and virtualized network entities 105. For non-virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements which may be managed via an operations and maintenance interface (e.g., an O1 interface) . For virtualized network entities 105, the SMO 180-a may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (e.g., an O-Cloud 205) to perform network entity life cycle management (e.g., to instantiate virtualized network entities 105) via a cloud computing platform interface (e.g., an O2 interface) . Such virtualized network entities 105 can include, but are not limited to, CUs 160-a, DUs 165-a, RUs 170-a, and Near-RT RICs 175-b. In some implementations, the SMO 180-a may communicate with components configured in accordance with a 4G RAN (e.g., via an O1 interface) . Additionally, or alternatively, in some implementations, the SMO 180-a may communicate directly with one or more RUs 170-a via an O1 interface. The SMO 180-a also may include a Non-RT RIC 175-a configured to support functionality of the SMO 180-a.
[0082] The Non-RT RIC 175-a may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence (AI) or Machine Learning (ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the Near-RT RIC 175-b. The Non-RT RIC 175-a may be coupled to or communicate with (e.g., via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 175-b. The Near-RT RIC 175-b may be configured to include a logical function that enables near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions over an interface (e.g., via an E2 interface) connecting one or more CUs 160-a, one or more DUs 165-a, or both, as well as an O-eNB 210, with the Near-RT RIC 175-b.
[0083] In some examples, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the Near-RT RIC 175-b, the Non-RT RIC 175-a may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 175-b and may be received at the SMO 180-a or the Non-RT RIC 175-a from non- network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 175-a or the Near-RT RIC 175-b may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 175-a may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI or ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO 180-a (e.g., reconfiguration via O1) or via generation of RAN management policies (e.g., A1 policies) .
[0084] The network architecture 200 may support a UE 115 to measure one or more reference signals from a candidate cell based on whether the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with the candidate cell. For example, the UE 115 may transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. Then, the UE 115 may receive, from the serving cell, a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals the one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration may be based on whether the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. In response, the UE 115 may measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. In some cases, if the UE 115 is downlink synchronized with a first candidate cell, the UE 115 may measure a reference signal from the first candidate cell according to a corresponding synchronized timing. Additionally, or alternatively, if the UE 115 is not downlink synchronized with a second candidate cell, the UE 115 may measure a reference signal from the second candidate cell in accordance with a measurement gap or in accordance with measuring a quai co-located . The UE 115 may transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0085] FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless communications system 300 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. In some cases, the wireless communications system 300 may implement or be implemented by aspects of the wireless communications system 100 or the network architecture 200. For example, the wireless communications system 300 may include one or more UEs 115 (e.g., a UE 115-a) and one or more network entities 105 (e.g., a network entity 105-a, a network entity 105-b, and a network entity 105-c) , which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described herein. Each network entity 105 of the one or more network entities 105 may be associated with a respective cell 305. For example, the network entity 105-a may be associated with a cell 305-a, which may be an example of a serving cell. Similarly, the network entity 105-b may be associated with a cell 305-b and the network entity 105-c may be associated with a cell 305-c. The cell 305-b and the cell 305-c may be examples of candidate cells. The UE 115-a may be in communication with one or more cells 305 (e.g., via the one or more network entities 105) .
[0086] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may transmit signaling to each of the one or more network entities 105 via a respective wireless communication link 310. For example, the UE 115-a may transmit a control message 320 to the network entity 105-a (e.g., the serving cell) . The control message 320 may indicate whether the UE 115-a is downlink synchronized with a candidate cell (or multiple candidate cells) . For example, the control message 320 may indicate that the UE 115-a is downlink synchronized with the cell 305-b (e.g., and the network entity 105-b) and optionally, one or more other cells 305. Additionally, or alternatively, the control message 320 may indicate that the UE 115-a is not downlink synchronized (e.g., non-downlink synchronized) with the cell 305-c (e.g., and the network entity 105-c) and optionally, one or more other cells 305.
[0087] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may receive signaling from each of the one or more network entities 105 via a respective wireless communication link 315. For example, the UE 115-a may receive signaling indicating a measurement configuration 325 from the network entity 105-a (e.g., the serving cell) via a wireless communication link 315-a. The measurement configuration 325 may be based on the control message 320. The UE 115-a may be configured for measurement (e.g., for a CSI-RS based layer 1 measurement on one or more reference signals) based on whether the UE 115-a is downlink synchronized with a cell 305. That is, the UE 115-a may transmit the control message 320 that indicates whether the UE 115-a is downlink synchronized with a candidate cell. In response, the network entity 105-a may transmit the measurement configuration 325 to configure the UE for a measurement operation based on whether the UE 115-a is downlink synchronized with the candidate cell.
[0088] In some cases, the network entity 105-a (e.g., the cell 305-a, the serving cell) may transmit signaling indicating a first configuration (e.g., a “synchronized” configuration) as part of the measurement configuration 325. The measurement configuration 325 may indicate that the UE 115-a is to use the first configuration for measuring one or more reference signals 330 from one or more cells 305 that are downlink synchronized with the UE 115-a (e.g., the cell 305-b) . In some examples, the network entity 105-a may transmit a second configuration (e.g., a “non-synchronized” configuration) as part of the measurement configuration 325. The measurement configuration 325 may indicate that the UE 115-a is to use the second configuration for measuring one or more reference signals 330 from one or more cells 305 that are not downlink synchronized with the UE 115-a (e.g., the cell 305-c) .
[0089] In some cases, the UE 115-a may receive one or more reference signals 330 from the network entity 105-b, the network entity 105-c, or another network entity 105 (e.g., receiving the one or more reference signals 330 from one or more candidate cells) . The one or more reference signals 330 may be CSI-RSs. For example, the UE 115-a may receive a first reference signal 330 from the network entity 105-b via a wireless communication link 315-b. If the cell 305-b is downlink synchronized with the UE 115-a, the UE 115-a may measure the first reference signal 330 (based on the cell 305-b being downlink synchronized) according to the first configuration. A timing of the first reference signal 330 (e.g., a time location of the CSI-RS) may be based on a synchronized timing between the UE 115-a and the cell 305-b. The synchronized timing may be based on an SSB of the cell 305-b (e.g., the candidate cell) or on a reference timing associated with communication between the UE 115-a and the cell 305-b.
[0090] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may receive a second reference signal 330 from the network entity 105-c via a wireless communication link 315-c. The UE 115-a may measure the second reference signal 330 in a non-synchronized state using a measurement gap configured at the UE 115-a (e.g., to account for the UE 115-a being in the non-synchronized state) . In some examples, the UE 115-a may be configured with one or more measurement gaps. That is, the UE 115-a may receive control signaling from the network entity 105-a that indicates a configuration for the one or more measurement gaps (or the UE 115-a may apply a configuration for the one or more measurement gaps as specified in a wireless communication standard) . For example, if the cell 305-c is non-downlink synchronized with the UE 115-a, the UE 115-a may measure the second reference signal 330 (e.g., an inter-frequency CSI-RS) in a non-synchronized candidate cell (e.g., the cell 305-c) according to the second configuration (based on the UE 115-a being downlink non-synchronized with the cell 305-c) . As indicated by the second configuration, the second reference signal 330 may be associated with a measurement gap according to one or more configurations (e.g., rules) . For example, the second configuration (e.g., the measurement configuration 325) may indicate the measurement gap as a gap length (e.g., a measurement gap length (MGL) ) , a gap time offset (e.g., gapOffset) , a gap periodicity (e.g., a measurement gap repetition period (MGRP) ) , or any combination thereof. In some examples, if multiple gaps are configured (e.g., if the UE 115-a is able to perform measurements using multiple gaps) , the second configuration may indicate a gap identifier (e.g., measGapId) , a gap priority, or both. The UE 115-a may select a measurement gap from among a set of measurement gaps to measure the second reference signal 330 based on the gap identifier, the gap priority, or both. In some examples, the control message 320 may indicate a capability of the UE 115-a to perform measurements using measurement gaps in one or more cases (described with reference to FIG. 4) .
[0091] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may be configured with (e.g., receive control signaling from the network entity 105 indicating) a set of measurement gaps for measuring reference signals 330 (e.g., multiple measurement gaps for different layer 1 inter-frequency CSI-RSs) . In some cases, a pair of measurement gaps of the set of measurement gaps may be overlapping. In such cases, the UE 115-a may apply a prioritization rule to measure the reference signals 330 using one measurement gap based on the overlapping measurement gaps. That is, the UE 115-a may prioritize, based on the prioritization rule, a measurement of a first reference signal 330 that is associated with a first measurement gap, and may skip (or refrain from measuring) a second reference signal 330 associated with a second measurement gap (and optionally one or more third reference signals 330 associated with one or more third measurement gaps) . For example, the prioritization rule may be based on an order of a gap priority parameter (e.g., gapPriority) associated with the measurement gap configuration. In some examples, the prioritization rule may be based on a prioritization order of associated CSI reports. That is, if one measurement gap is associated with multiple CSI reports, the UE 115-a may select the measurement gap associated with the CSI report with a threshold (e.g., highest) priority (e.g., choosing the CSI report priority as a determination factor) .
[0092] In some cases, the UE 115-a may measure the second reference signal 330 in the non-synchronized candidate cell (e.g., the cell 305-c) . For example, the second configuration may indicate that the UE 115-a is to measure the second reference signal based on an SSB. The UE 115-a may receive the SSB from the cell 305-c. Then, the UE 115-a may detect and measure the SSB. If the reference signal 330 (e.g., the CSI-RS in the candidate cell) is quasi co-located to the SSB, the UE 115-a may measure the second reference signal 330 according to the SSB. For example, a synchronized timing for measuring the second reference signal may be based on the SSB. Because the reference signal 330 shares a quasi co-location relationship with the SSB, the UE 115-a may use the relationship to measure the reference signal 330 (e.g., even if the UE 115-a is unsynchronized with the cell 305-c) . In any case, the UE 115-a may measure an SSB in both synchronized and non-synchronized candidate cells.
[0093] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may perform a procedure 340 according to one or more scheduling rules (e.g., scheduling restrictions) as part of a measurement operation. For example, if an active TCI in a serving cell (e.g., the cell 305-a) is not quasi co-located to one or more symbols 345 that correspond to reference signals 330 (e.g., downlink reference signal symbols) from one or more candidate cells (e.g., the cell 305-b, the cell 305-c) that are to be measured, the UE 115-a may refrain from transmitting one or more first transmissions (e.g., PUCCH, PUSCH, or SRS transmissions) and from receiving one or more second transmissions (e.g., PDCCH, PDSCH, or TRS transmissions, or CSI-RSs for CQI) on the one or more symbols 345 that are to be measured. In some cases, the UE 115-a may not be expected to transmit the one or more first transmission or to receive the one or more second transmissions on the one or more symbols 345 that are to be measured. The UE 115-a may refrain from communicating (e.g., from transmitting the one or more first transmissions and from receiving the one or more second transmissions) on the one or more symbols 345 and may optionally refrain from communicating on other symbols 345 (or a portion thereof) that are near the one or more symbols 345 with respect to a time domain. As described herein, communicating on symbols may refer to communicating with one or more cells (e.g., candidate cells) on the symbols. Accordingly, a UE 115 which refrains from communicating on the symbols may refrain from communicating with one or more cells on the symbols.
[0094] The UE 115-a may determine that a symbol 345-c corresponds to a reference signal 330 and may refrain from communicating (with candidate cells) on the symbol 345-c as described herein. In some cases, the UE 115-a may select a first quantity of symbols 345 before the symbol 345-c and a second quantity of symbols 345 after the symbol 345-c. The first quantity and the second quantity may be a same quantity (e.g., X data symbols before and X data symbols after each downlink reference signal symbol) . In some examples, the first quantity and the second quantity (or the same quantity) may be fixed. For instance, the UE 115-a may select a quantity of one, selecting one symbol 345 before and one symbol 345 after the symbol 345-c corresponding to the reference signal 330. For example, the UE 115-a may refrain from communicating on a symbol 345-b (e.g., before the symbol 345-c) and a symbol 345-d (e.g., after the symbol 345-d) . In some cases, the first quantity and the second quantity may be based on (e.g., depend on) an active downlink BWP SCS or frequency range (e.g., FR2–1 or FR2–2) . The reference signal 330 (e.g., corresponding to the symbol 345-c) may include an intra-frequency SSB or a CSI-RS configured for a neighbor cell.
[0095] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may select a duration 350 (e.g., a measurement window time duration) that spans a set of symbols 345. The UE 115-a may refrain from communicating on symbols 345 within the duration 350 that include an inter-frequency SSB or an inter-frequency CSI-RS from one or more candidate cells (e.g., the cell 305-b or the cell 305-c) . For example, the duration 350 may be a fixed time duration (e.g., 0.5 milliseconds) . The duration 350 (e.g., the measurement window) may be an SSB-based RRM measurement timing configuration (SMTC) window or a measurement gap window. In some examples, the UE 115-a may determine the duration 350 based on one or more configurations, downlink messages, a time-location of the symbol 345-c corresponding to the reference signal 330, or a combination thereof. The UE 115-a may refrain from communicating on symbols within the duration 350. For example, the UE 115-a may refrain from communicating on symbols 345-a, 345-b, 345-c, 345-d, and 345-e. The reference signal 330 (e.g., the measured downlink reference symbol corresponding to the symbol 345-c) may include an inter-frequency or an intra-frequency SSB or a CSI-RS configured for a neighbor cell. In any case, the UE 115-a may perform the measurement for a beam report (e.g., the report message 335) initiated by the network or by a UE (e.g., an initiated or an event-driven beam report triggered by the network entity 105-a or the UE 115-a) .
[0096] In some cases, for candidate cells in LTM (e.g., the cell 305-b or the cell 305-c) , the UE 115-a may be configured to measure a reference signal 330 (e.g., a CSI-RS) in a downlink symbol used for an SSB. For example, if the reference signal 330 is quasi-co-located to the SSB, the UE 115-a may be configured to use the downlink symbol corresponding to the SSB for measuring the reference signal 330. As described herein, the term “configured” may indicate that a device (e.g., a UE 115) may receive, from a network entity 105, control signaling indicating a configuration, or the device may perform one or more operations according to a configuration (e.g., as defined by one or more wireless communication standards) . For example, the UE 115-a may receive control signaling from the network entity 105-a that indicates that the UE 115-a is to measure a reference signal 330 (e.g., a CSI-RS) in a downlink symbol that is used for an SSB, where the reference signal 330 is quasi co-located to the SSB. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-a may perform a measurement on an SSB that is quasi co-located to a reference signal 330 to comply with a configuration (e.g., specified in a wireless communication standard) .
[0097] In some cases, the UE 115-a may determine whether to measure a set of overlapping reference signals 330 (e.g., for layer 1 measurement) . As described herein, “overlapping” reference signals may refer to reference signals that partially or completely overlap in time, frequency, or both (e.g., reference signals that share at least a portion of time resources, frequency resources, or both) . Whether the UE 115-a is capable of measuring the set of overlapping reference signals 330 may be based on a UE capability of the UE 115-a, a rule (e.g., a fixed rule) , or both. The UE 115-a may refrain from performing a measurement on the set of overlapping reference signals 330 (e.g., such a case may be forbidden) if one or more conditions are satisfied. For example, if two or more of the set of overlapping reference signals 330 have different SCSs, the UE 115-a may refrain from performing a measurement of the overlapped reference signals. Additionally, or alternatively, if two or more of the set of overlapping reference signals 330 are communicated using different beams (e.g., if the two or more reference signals have different Type D quasi co-locations) , the UE 115-a may refrain from performing a measurement of the overlapped reference signals.
[0098] In any case, if the measurement is not supported by the UE capability or the rule, the UE 115-a and the network entity 105-a may perform according to one or more options. For example, the network entity 105-a may transmit reference signals 330 such that the reference signals 330 are non-overlapping (e.g., ensuring that an overlapped reference signal measurement may not occur) . Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-a may perform the measurement on the set of overlapping reference signals 330 according to a rule that prioritizes one of the reference signals 330 (e.g., a downlink reference signal or a quasi co-located reference signal) for measurement. That is, if a reference signal 330 is prioritized, the UE 115-a may measure the reference signal 330 first (e.g., with a first priority, before other reference signals 330 that may be overlapping with the reference signal 330) and may skip measuring the other reference signal. For example, the UE 115-a may prioritize a reference signal 330 from a serving cell (e.g., the cell 305-a) or from a candidate cell that has (or is associated with) a defined (e.g., lowest) LTM candidate identifier. In some implementations, the UE 115-a may prioritize a reference signal 330 from a cell 305 that has a defined (e.g., highest or lowest) PCID (e.g., a physical cell identifier) . In some cases, the UE 115-a may prioritize a reference signal 330 that is associated with a particular function (e.g., a reference signal 330 for a network entity triggered beam report, a reference signal 330 for a UE initiated or event driven beam report, or the like) . In some examples, the UE 115-a may prioritize a reference signal 330 that has (or is associated with) a threshold periodicity, or a periodicity that is shorter or longer than a periodicity of overlapping reference signals 330 (e.g., a shortest or a longest periodicity) .
[0099] In some implementations, the UE 115-a may transmit, to the network entity 105-a, a message (e.g., a report) that indicates a defined (e.g., maximum) quantity of cells or a defined (e.g., maximum) quantity of reference signals 330 (e.g., downlink reference signals) , or both, for a layer 1 measurement in LTM. The quantity of reference signals 330 may refer to a quantity of SSBs, CSI-RSs, or both. In some cases, either defined quantity may be SSB specific (e.g., a first threshold quantity of cells or reference signals for CSI-RS measurements) or CSI-RS specific (e.g., a second threshold quantity of cells or reference signals for CSI-RS measurements) . For one single intra-frequency or inter-frequency layer in a frequency band, during each layer 1 measurement period, the UE 115-a may perform one or more measurements (e.g., layer 1 RSRP, layer 1 RSRQ, and layer 1 SINR measurements) for a first quantity (X) of identified cells 305, for a second quantity (Y) of reference signals 330 (e.g., with different reference signal indexes or with different PCIs) on the intra-frequency or inter-frequency layer, for a third quantity (Z) of reference signals 330 for each identified cell, or any combination thereof.
[0100] In response to measuring the reference signals 330, the UE 115-a may transmit a report message 335 (e.g., a CSI report) to the network entity 105-a via the wireless communication link 310. The report message 335 may include a CSI report for one or more cells 305. That is, the report message 335 may include a single CSI report or respective CSI reports for each candidate cell of a set of LTM candidate cells (e.g., the cell 305-b, the cell 305-c) . In some implementations, the UE 115-a may switch the serving cell of the UE 115-a from the cell 305-a to either the cell 305-b or the cell 305-c. For example, in response to an indication from the network entity 105-a that is based on the report message 335, the UE 115-a may assign the cell 305-b or the cell 305-c as a new serving cell (e.g., as indicated by the network entity 105-a according to the reference signal measurements) .
[0101] FIG. 4 shows an example of a bandwidth diagram 400 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The bandwidth diagram 400 may implement or be implemented by one or more aspects described with reference to FIGs. 1–3. For example, a device (e.g., a network entity 105 or a UE 115) may operate using a resource set 405. As illustrated in FIG. 4, horizontal axis may represent a time axis and a vertical axis may represent a frequency axis for each resource set 405. A network entity 105 (e.g., a serving cell) may have a configured bandwidth 410, spanning a frequency range of each resource set 405.
[0102] In some implementations, a UE 115 may perform, according to LTM, a layer 1 measurement on a downlink reference signal such as an SSB or a CSI-RS for one or more candidate cells. The UE 115 may transmit a UE capability report (e.g., the control message described with reference to FIG. 3) to a serving cell. The UE capability report may indicate whether a measurement gap is requested from the serving cell (e.g., whether a measurement gap is needed by the UE 115 for measuring one or more reference signals) in one or more cases (illustrated by the resource sets 405) . For example, the UE capability report may indicate that a measurement gap is requested for one or more first cases and may indicate that a measurement gap is not requested (e.g., that a measurement gap is not needed for measuring reference signals) for one or more second cases.
[0103] In a first case, a resource set 405-a may include an active BWP 415-a (e.g., corresponding to communication between the UE 115 and the serving cell) . The UE 115 may receive a downlink reference signal from a candidate cell using resources 420-a. The resources 420-a may be within the configured bandwidth 410 and may be outside the active BWP 415-a. The UE capability report may indicate whether a measurement gap is to requested in the first case (e.g., where a measured downlink reference signal from a candidate cell is outside an active BWP 415-a but is within a configured bandwidth 410 of the activated serving cell) .
[0104] In a second case, a resource set 405-b may include an active BWP 415-b. The UE 115 may receive a downlink reference signal from a candidate cell using resources 420-b. The resources 420-b may be outside the configured bandwidth 410 and may be outside the active BWP 415-b. The UE capability report may indicate whether a measurement gap is requested in the second case (e.g., where a measured downlink reference signal from a candidate cell is outside the configured bandwidth 410 of the activated serving cell) .
[0105] In a third case, a resource set 405-c may include an active BWP 415-c. The UE 115 may receive a downlink reference signal from a candidate cell using resources 420-c. The resources 420-c may be inside the configured bandwidth 410 and inside the active BWP 415-b. However, a center frequency or an SCS of the resources 420-c may be different than the center frequency or the SCS of downlink reference signals from the serving cell. The UE capability report may indicate whether a measurement gap is requested in the third case (e.g., where a measured downlink reference signal from a candidate cell is inside the configured bandwidth 410 of the activated serving cell and inside the active BWP 415-c) .
[0106] FIG. 5 shows an example of a process flow 500 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The process flow 500 includes a UE 115-b, a network entity 105-d, a network entity 105-e, and a network entity 105-f, which may be examples of the corresponding devices as described with respect to FIGs. 1–4. For example, each network entity 105 may correspond to a respective cell. For example, the network entity 105-d may be associated with a serving cell. The network entity 105-d and the network entity 105-f may be associated with respective candidate cells. In the following description of the process flow 500, the operations between the UE 115-b, the network entity 105-d, the network entity 105-e, and the network entity 105-f may be performed in a different order than the example order shown. Some operations may also be omitted from the process flow 500, and other operations may be added to the process flow 500. Further, although some operations or signaling may be shown to occur at different times for discussion purposes, these operations may actually occur at the same time.
[0107] At 505, the UE 115-b may transmit, to the serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE 115-b is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. For example, the control message may indicate that the UE 115-b is downlink synchronized with a first candidate cell (e.g., associated with the network entity 105-e) . Additionally, or alternatively, the control message may indicate that the UE 115-b is non-downlink synchronized with a second candidate cell (e.g., associated with the network entity 105-f) .
[0108] At 510, the UE 115-b may transmit a capability message that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE 115-b to measure one or more reference signals (e.g., one or more CSI-RSs) according to a measurement gap. The one or more capabilities may be based on an overlap between a frequency range of the one or more reference signals and an active bandwidth range of the serving cell, an overlap between the frequency range and a configured bandwidth range of the serving cell, or both (e.g., as described with reference to FIG. 4) . At 515, the UE 115-b may transmit a threshold message that indicates a threshold quantity of candidate cells, a threshold quantity of reference signals, or both.
[0109] At 520, the UE 115-b may receive, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration may be based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. In some cases, the measurement configuration may include a configuration that is based on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE 115-b (e.g., a synchronized configuration) . Additionally, or alternatively, the measurement configuration may include a configuration that is based on the second candidate cell being non-downlink synchronized with the UE 115-b (e.g., a non-synchronized configuration) . In some examples, the measurement configuration may be based on the one or more capabilities of the UE 115-b, on the threshold message, or both.
[0110] In some implementations, the measurement configuration may indicate a measurement gap. For example, the measurement configuration may indicate a first measurement gap for measuring a third reference signal of the one or more reference signals and a second measurement gap for measuring a fourth reference signal of the one or more reference signals. The first measurement gap may overlap with the second measurement gap.
[0111] At 525, the UE 115-b may receive a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals from the first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing. The UE 115-b may receive the first reference signal via timing resources that are based on the synchronized timing.
[0112] At 530, the UE 115-b may receive a second reference signal from the second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE. The UE 115-b may receive the second reference signal according to the measurement gap. In some cases, the UE 115-b may receive, from the second candidate cell, an SSB that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal.
[0113] At 535, the UE 115-b may measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. Measuring the one or more reference signals may include performing a layer 1 measurement operation on the one or more reference signals as part of an LTM operation. For example, the UE 115-b may measure the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration (e.g., a configuration for candidate cells that are downlink synchronized with the UE) . Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 115-b may measure the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap. In some cases, the UE 115-b may measure the second reference signal and the SSB based on the SSB being quasi co-located to the second reference signal. In some examples, if the first measurement gap overlaps with the second measurement gap, the UE 115-b may measure the third reference signal and the fourth reference signal according to a third measurement gap that is based on a prioritization rule associated with the first measurement gap and the second measurement gap (e.g., as described with reference to FIG. 3) .
[0114] In some implementations, the UE 115-b may select a timing window that includes one or more first symbols that are associated with measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, one or more second symbols that are positioned, in time, before the one or more first symbols, and one or more third symbols that are positioned, in time, after the one or more first symbols. Accordingly, the UE 115-b may refrain from communicating with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells during the timing window based on a measurement beam of the serving cell being different than a second measurement beam of the candidate cell. In some cases, the UE 115-b may measure a fifth reference signal of the one or more reference signals in a symbol associated with an SSB based on the fifth reference signal being quasi co-located to the SSB. In some implementations, the UE 115-b may refrain from measuring a first reference signal of a second set of reference signals and a second reference signal of the second set of reference signals based on the first reference signal overlapping with the second reference signal and based on a rule or a capability of the UE.
[0115] At 540, the UE 115-b may transmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements. The report message may include a CSI report for the one or more candidate cells. In some cases, the report message may include a single CSI report for the one or more candidate cells or a respective CSI report for each candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells. In some implementations, the UE 115-b may switch its serving cell to a new cell (e.g., corresponding to the network entity 105-e or the network entity 105-f) . For example, in response to an indication from the network entity 105-d that is based on the report message, the UE 115-b may assign the new cell as a new serving cell (e.g., as indicated by the network entity 105-d according to the reference signal measurements as described herein) .
[0116] FIG. 6 shows a block diagram 600 of a device 605 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 605 may be an example of aspects of a UE 115 as described herein. The device 605 may include a receiver 610, a transmitter 615, and a communications manager 620. The device 605, or one or more components of the device 605 (e.g., the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to, individually or collectively, support or enable the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0117] The receiver 610 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 605. The receiver 610 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0118] The transmitter 615 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 605. For example, the transmitter 615 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM) . In some examples, the transmitter 615 may be co-located with a receiver 610 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 615 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0119] The communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM as described herein. For example, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be capable of performing one or more of the functions described herein.
[0120] In some examples, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include at least one of a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , a central processing unit (CPU) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a microcontroller, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some examples, at least one processor and at least one memory coupled with the at least one processor may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., by one or more processors, individually or collectively, executing instructions stored in the at least one memory) .
[0121] Additionally, or alternatively, the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in code (e.g., as communications management software or firmware) executed by at least one processor (e.g., referred to as a processor-executable code) . If implemented in code executed by at least one processor, the functions of the communications manager 620, the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or various combinations or components thereof may be performed by a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, an ASIC, an FPGA, a microcontroller, or any combination of these or other programmable logic devices (e.g., configured as or otherwise supporting, individually or collectively, a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure) .
[0122] In some examples, the communications manager 620 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both. For example, the communications manager 620 may receive information from the receiver 610, send information to the transmitter 615, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0123] The communications manager 620 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The communications manager 620 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0124] By including or configuring the communications manager 620 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 605 (e.g., at least one processor controlling or otherwise coupled with the receiver 610, the transmitter 615, the communications manager 620, or a combination thereof) may support techniques for reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM, which may result in reduced processing, improved measurement accuracy, improved candidate cell selection, and more efficient utilization of communication resources, among other advantages.
[0125] FIG. 7 shows a block diagram 700 of a device 705 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 705 may be an example of aspects of a device 605 or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 705 may include a receiver 710, a transmitter 715, and a communications manager 720. The device 705, or one or more components of the device 705 (e.g., the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, the communications manager 720) , may include at least one processor, which may be coupled with at least one memory, to support the described techniques. Each of these components may be in communication with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0126] The receiver 710 may provide a means for receiving information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM) . Information may be passed on to other components of the device 705. The receiver 710 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0127] The transmitter 715 may provide a means for transmitting signals generated by other components of the device 705. For example, the transmitter 715 may transmit information such as packets, user data, control information, or any combination thereof associated with various information channels (e.g., control channels, data channels, information channels related to reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM) . In some examples, the transmitter 715 may be co-located with a receiver 710 in a transceiver module. The transmitter 715 may utilize a single antenna or a set of multiple antennas.
[0128] The device 705, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM as described herein. For example, the communications manager 720 may include a control message component 725, a measurement configuration component 730, a measurement component 735, a report message component 740, or any combination thereof. The communications manager 720 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620 as described herein. In some examples, the communications manager 720, or various components thereof, may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, monitoring, outputting, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both. For example, the communications manager 720 may receive information from the receiver 710, send information to the transmitter 715, or be integrated in combination with the receiver 710, the transmitter 715, or both to obtain information, output information, or perform various other operations as described herein.
[0129] The communications manager 720 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control message component 725 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration component 730 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The measurement component 735 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The report message component 740 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0130] FIG. 8 shows a block diagram 800 of a communications manager 820 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The communications manager 820 may be an example of aspects of a communications manager 620, a communications manager 720, or both, as described herein. The communications manager 820, or various components thereof, may be an example of means for performing various aspects of reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM as described herein. For example, the communications manager 820 may include a control message component 825, a measurement configuration component 830, a measurement component 835, a report message component 840, a reference signal component 845, an SSB component 850, a capability component 855, a timing window component 860, a candidate cell component 865, a threshold component 870, or any combination thereof. Each of these components, or components or subcomponents thereof (e.g., one or more processors, one or more memories) , may communicate, directly or indirectly, with one another (e.g., via one or more buses) .
[0131] The communications manager 820 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. The control message component 825 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The measurement configuration component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The report message component 840 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0132] In some examples, the reference signal component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based on the synchronized timing. In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, where the measurement configuration is based on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.
[0133] In some examples, the reference signal component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap. In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, where the measurement configuration is based on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.
[0134] In some examples, the reference signal component 845 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE. In some examples, the SSB component 850 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the second candidate cell, an SSB that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal. In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the second reference signal and the SSB based on the SSB being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.
[0135] In some examples, the capability component 855 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a capability message that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE to measure the one or more reference signals according to a measurement gap, the one or more capabilities based on an overlap between a frequency range of the one or more reference signals and an active bandwidth range of the serving cell, an overlap between the frequency range and a configured bandwidth range of the serving cell, or both, where the measurement configuration is based on the one or more capabilities.
[0136] In some examples, the measurement configuration component 830 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving the measurement configuration that indicates a first measurement gap for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals and a second measurement gap for a second reference signal of the one or more reference signals, where the first measurement gap overlaps with the second measurement gap. In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the first reference signal and the second reference signal according to a third measurement gap that is based on a prioritization rule associated with the first measurement gap and the second measurement gap.
[0137] In some examples, the timing window component 860 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for selecting a timing window that includes one or more first symbols that are associated with measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, one or more second symbols that are positioned, in time, before the one or more first symbols, and one or more third symbols that are positioned, in time, after the one or more first symbols. In some examples, the candidate cell component 865 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for refraining from communicating with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells during the timing window based on a measurement beam of the serving cell being different than a second measurement beam of the candidate cell.
[0138] In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals in a symbol associated with an SSB based on the first reference signal being quasi co-located to the SSB.
[0139] In some examples, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for refraining from measuring a first reference signal of a second set of reference signals and a second reference signal of the second set of reference signals based on the first reference signal overlapping with the second reference signal and based on a rule or a capability of the UE.
[0140] In some examples, the threshold component 870 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting a threshold message that indicates a threshold quantity of candidate cells, a threshold quantity of reference signals, or both, where the measurement configuration is based on the threshold message.
[0141] In some examples, to support measuring the one or more reference signals, the measurement component 835 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for performing, as part of an LTM operation, a layer 1 measurement operation on the one or more reference signals.
[0142] In some examples, the one or more reference signals include one or more CSI reference signals.
[0143] FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a system 900 including a device 905 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The device 905 may be an example of or include components of a device 605, a device 705, or a UE 115 as described herein. The device 905 may communicate (e.g., wirelessly) with one or more other devices (e.g., network entities 105, UEs 115, or a combination thereof) . The device 905 may include components for bi-directional voice and data communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a communications manager 920, an input / output (I / O) controller, such as an I / O controller 910, a transceiver 915, one or more antennas 925, at least one memory 930, code 935, and at least one processor 940. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more buses (e.g., a bus 945) .
[0144] The I / O controller 910 may manage input and output signals for the device 905. The I / O controller 910 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 905. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system. Additionally, or alternatively, the I / O controller 910 may represent or interact with a modem, a keyboard, a mouse, a touchscreen, or a similar device. In some cases, the I / O controller 910 may be implemented as part of one or more processors, such as the at least one processor 940. In some cases, a user may interact with the device 905 via the I / O controller 910 or via hardware components controlled by the I / O controller 910.
[0145] In some cases, the device 905 may include a single antenna. However, in some other cases, the device 905 may have more than one antenna, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 915 may communicate bi-directionally via the one or more antennas 925 using wired or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 915 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 915 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 925 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 925. The transceiver 915, or the transceiver 915 and one or more antennas 925, may be an example of a transmitter 615, a transmitter 715, a receiver 610, a receiver 710, or any combination thereof or component thereof, as described herein.
[0146] The at least one memory 930 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The at least one memory 930 may store computer-readable, computer-executable, or processor-executable code, such as the code 935. The code 935 may include instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 940, cause the device 905 to perform various functions described herein. The code 935 may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some cases, the code 935 may not be directly executable by the at least one processor 940 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some cases, the at least one memory 930 may include, among other things, a basic I / O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
[0147] The at least one processor 940 may include one or more intelligent hardware devices (e.g., one or more general-purpose processors, one or more DSPs, one or more CPUs, one or more graphics processing units (GPUs) , one or more neural processing units (NPUs) (also referred to as neural network processors or deep learning processors (DLPs) ) , one or more microcontrollers, one or more ASICs, one or more FPGAs, one or more programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, one or more discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof) . In some cases, the at least one processor 940 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other cases, a memory controller may be integrated into the at least one processor 940. The at least one processor 940 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the at least one memory 930) to cause the device 905 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM) . For example, the device 905 or a component of the device 905 may include at least one processor 940 and at least one memory 930 coupled with or to the at least one processor 940, the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 configured to perform various functions described herein.
[0148] In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may include multiple processors and the at least one memory 930 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the at least one processor 940 may be a component of a processing system, which may refer to a system (such as a series) of machines, circuitry (including, for example, one or both of processor circuitry (which may include the at least one processor 940) and memory circuitry (which may include the at least one memory 930) ) , or components, that receives or obtains inputs and processes the inputs to produce, generate, or obtain a set of outputs. The processing system may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein. For example, the at least one processor 940 or a processing system including the at least one processor 940 may be configured to, configurable to, or operable to cause the device 905 to perform one or more of the functions described herein. Further, as described herein, being “configured to, ” being “configurable to, ” and being “operable to” may be used interchangeably and may be associated with a capability, when executing code 935 (e.g., processor-executable code) stored in the at least one memory 930 or otherwise, to perform one or more of the functions described herein.
[0149] The communications manager 920 may support wireless communications in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. For example, the communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The communications manager 920 is capable of, configured to, or operable to support a means for transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0150] By including or configuring the communications manager 920 in accordance with examples as described herein, the device 905 may support techniques for reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM, which may result in improved communication reliability, reduced latency, improved user experience related to reduced processing, improved measurement accuracy, improved candidate cell selection, improved coordination between devices, improved utilization of processing capability, and more efficient utilization of communication resources, among other advantages.
[0151] In some examples, the communications manager 920 may be configured to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, monitoring, transmitting) using or otherwise in cooperation with the transceiver 915, the one or more antennas 925, or any combination thereof. Although the communications manager 920 is illustrated as a separate component, in some examples, one or more functions described with reference to the communications manager 920 may be supported by or performed by the at least one processor 940, the at least one memory 930, the code 935, or any combination thereof. For example, the code 935 may include instructions executable by the at least one processor 940 to cause the device 905 to perform various aspects of reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM as described herein, or the at least one processor 940 and the at least one memory 930 may be otherwise configured to, individually or collectively, perform or support such operations.
[0152] FIG. 10 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1000 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1000 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1000 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0153] At 1005, the method may include transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1005 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1005 may be performed by a control message component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0154] At 1010, the method may include receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1010 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1010 may be performed by a measurement configuration component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0155] At 1015, the method may include measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1015 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1015 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0156] At 1020, the method may include transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements. The operations of 1020 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1020 may be performed by a report message component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0157] FIG. 11 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1100 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0158] At 1105, the method may include transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a control message component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0159] At 1110, the method may include receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on a first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE. The operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a measurement configuration component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0160] At 1115, the method may include receiving, from the first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based on the synchronized timing. The operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a reference signal component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0161] At 1120, the method may include measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1120 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1120 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0162] At 1125, the method may include measuring the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1125 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1125 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0163] At 1130, the method may include transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements. The operations of 1130 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1130 may be performed by a report message component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0164] FIG. 12 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1200 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1200 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0165] At 1205, the method may include transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a control message component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0166] At 1210, the method may include receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on a second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE. The operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a measurement configuration component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0167] At 1215, the method may include receiving, from the second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap. The operations of 1215 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1215 may be performed by a reference signal component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0168] At 1220, the method may include measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1220 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1220 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0169] At 1225, the method may include measuring the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, where the measurement configuration is based on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE. The operations of 1225 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1225 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0170] At 1230, the method may include transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements. The operations of 1230 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1230 may be performed by a report message component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0171] FIG. 13 shows a flowchart illustrating a method 1300 that supports reference signal measurement in candidate cells for LTM in accordance with one or more aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 1300 may be implemented by a UE or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 1300 may be performed by a UE 115 as described with reference to FIGs. 1 through 9. In some examples, a UE may execute a set of instructions to control the functional elements of the UE to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
[0172] At 1305, the method may include transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1305 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1305 may be performed by a control message component 825 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0173] At 1310, the method may include receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells. The operations of 1310 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1310 may be performed by a measurement configuration component 830 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0174] At 1315, the method may include receiving a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE. The operations of 1315 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1315 may be performed by a reference signal component 845 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0175] At 1320, the method may include receiving, from the second candidate cell, an SSB that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal. The operations of 1320 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1320 may be performed by an SSB component 850 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0176] At 1325, the method may include measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration. The operations of 1325 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1325 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0177] At 1330, the method may include measuring the second reference signal and the SSB based on the SSB being quasi co-located to the second reference signal. The operations of 1330 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1330 may be performed by a measurement component 835 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0178] At 1335, the method may include transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements. The operations of 1335 may be performed in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some examples, aspects of the operations of 1335 may be performed by a report message component 840 as described with reference to FIG. 8.
[0179] The following provides an overview of aspects of the present disclosure:
[0180] Aspect 1: A method for wireless communications at a UE, comprising: transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells; receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based at least in part on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells; measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration; and transmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.
[0181] Aspect 2: The method of aspect 1, further comprising: receiving, from a first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based at least in part on the synchronized timing; and measuring the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.
[0182] Aspect 3: The method of any of aspects 1 through 2, further comprising: receiving, from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap; and measuring the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.
[0183] Aspect 4: The method of any of aspects 1 through 3, further comprising: receiving a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE; receiving, from the second candidate cell, a SSB that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal; and measuring the second reference signal and the SSB based at least in part on the SSB being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.
[0184] Aspect 5: The method of any of aspects 1 through 4, further comprising: transmitting a capability message that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE to measure the one or more reference signals according to a measurement gap, the one or more capabilities based at least in part on an overlap between a frequency range of the one or more reference signals and an active bandwidth range of the serving cell, an overlap between the frequency range and a configured bandwidth range of the serving cell, or both, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the one or more capabilities.
[0185] Aspect 6: The method of any of aspects 1 through 5, further comprising: receiving the measurement configuration that indicates a first measurement gap for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals and a second measurement gap for a second reference signal of the one or more reference signals, wherein the first measurement gap overlaps with the second measurement gap; and measuring the first reference signal and the second reference signal according to a third measurement gap that is based at least in part on a prioritization rule associated with the first measurement gap and the second measurement gap.
[0186] Aspect 7: The method of any of aspects 1 through 6, further comprising: selecting a timing window that includes one or more first symbols that are associated with measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, one or more second symbols that are positioned, in time, before the one or more first symbols, and one or more third symbols that are positioned, in time, after the one or more first symbols; and refraining from communicating with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells during the timing window based at least in part on a measurement beam of the serving cell being different than a second measurement beam of the candidate cell.
[0187] Aspect 8: The method of any of aspects 1 through 7, further comprising: measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals in a symbol associated with a SSB based at least in part on the first reference signal being quasi co-located to the SSB.
[0188] Aspect 9: The method of any of aspects 1 through 8, further comprising: refraining from measuring a first reference signal of a second set of reference signals and a second reference signal of the second set of reference signals based at least in part on the first reference signal overlapping with the second reference signal and based at least in part on a rule or a capability of the UE.
[0189] Aspect 10: The method of any of aspects 1 through 9, further comprising: transmitting a threshold message that indicates a threshold quantity of candidate cells, a threshold quantity of reference signals, or both, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the threshold message.
[0190] Aspect 11: The method of any of aspects 1 through 10, wherein measuring the one or more reference signals comprises: performing, as part of an LTM operation, a layer 1 measurement operation on the one or more reference signals.
[0191] Aspect 12: The method of any of aspects 1 through 11, wherein the one or more reference signals comprise one or more CSI-RSs.
[0192] Aspect 13: A UE for wireless communications, comprising one or more memories storing processor-executable code, and one or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0193] Aspect 14: A UE for wireless communications, comprising at least one means for performing a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0194] Aspect 15: A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications, the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to perform a method of any of aspects 1 through 12.
[0195] It should be noted that the methods described herein describe possible implementations. The operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.
[0196] Although aspects of an LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR system may be described for purposes of example, and LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR terminology may be used in much of the description, the techniques described herein are applicable beyond LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, or NR networks. For example, the described techniques may be applicable to various other wireless communications systems such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB) , Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20, Flash-OFDM, as well as other systems and radio technologies not explicitly mentioned herein.
[0197] Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
[0198] The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed using a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, a graphics processing unit (GPU) , a neural processing unit (NPU) , an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor but, in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration) . Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a processor may be performed by multiple processors that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0199] The functions described herein may be implemented using hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented using software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored as or transmitted using one or more instructions or code of a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
[0200] Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. For example, if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL) , or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of computer-readable medium. Disk and disc, as used herein, include CD, laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD) , floppy disk, and Blu-ray disc. Disks may reproduce data magnetically, and discs may reproduce data optically using lasers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media. Any functions or operations described herein as being capable of being performed by a memory may be performed by multiple memories that, individually or collectively, are capable of performing the described functions or operations.
[0201] As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. ”
[0202] As used herein, including in the claims, the article “a” before a noun is open-ended and understood to refer to “at least one” of those nouns or “one or more” of those nouns. Thus, the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. For example, if a claim recites “acomponent” that performs one or more functions, each of the individual functions may be performed by a single component or by any combination of multiple components. Thus, the term “acomponent” having characteristics or performing functions may refer to “at least one of one or more components” having a particular characteristic or performing a particular function. Subsequent reference to a component introduced with the article “a” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, a component introduced with the article “a” may be understood to mean “one or more components, ” and referring to “the component” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ” Similarly, subsequent reference to a component introduced as “one or more components” using the terms “the” or “said” may refer to any or all of the one or more components. For example, referring to “the one or more components” subsequently in the claims may be understood to be equivalent to referring to “at least one of the one or more components. ”
[0203] The term “determine” or “determining” encompasses a variety of actions and, therefore, “determining” can include calculating, computing, processing, deriving, investigating, looking up (such as via looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining, and the like. Also, “determining” can include receiving (e.g., receiving information) , accessing (e.g., accessing data stored in memory) , and the like. Also, “determining” can include resolving, obtaining, selecting, choosing, establishing, and other such similar actions.
[0204] In the appended figures, similar components or features may have the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If just the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label or other subsequent reference label.
[0205] The description set forth herein, in connection with the appended drawings, describes example configurations and does not represent all the examples that may be implemented or that are within the scope of the claims. The term “example” used herein means “serving as an example, instance, or illustration” and not “preferred” or “advantageous over other examples. ” The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing an understanding of the described techniques. These techniques, however, may be practiced without these specific details. In some figures, known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.
[0206] The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1.A user equipment (UE) , comprising:one or more memories storing processor-executable code; andone or more processors coupled with the one or more memories and individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells;receive, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based at least in part on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells;measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration; andtransmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.2.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from a first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based at least in part on the synchronized timing; andmeasure the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.3.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive, from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap; andmeasure the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.4.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE;receive, from the second candidate cell, a synchronization signal block that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal; andmeasure the second reference signal and the synchronization signal block based at least in part on the synchronization signal block being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.5.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit a capability message that indicates one or more capabilities of the UE to measure the one or more reference signals according to a measurement gap, the one or more capabilities based at least in part on an overlap between a frequency range of the one or more reference signals and an active bandwidth range of the serving cell, an overlap between the frequency range and a configured bandwidth range of the serving cell, or both, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the one or more capabilities.6.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:receive the measurement configuration that indicates a first measurement gap for measuring a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals and a second measurement gap for a second reference signal of the one or more reference signals, wherein the first measurement gap overlaps with the second measurement gap; andmeasure the first reference signal and the second reference signal according to a third measurement gap that is based at least in part on a prioritization rule associated with the first measurement gap and the second measurement gap.7.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:select a timing window that includes one or more first symbols that are associated with measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, one or more second symbols that are positioned, in time, before the one or more first symbols, and one or more third symbols that are positioned, in time, after the one or more first symbols; andrefrain from communicating with a candidate cell of the one or more candidate cells during the timing window based at least in part on a measurement beam of the serving cell being different than a second measurement beam of the candidate cell.8.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:measure a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals in a symbol associated with a synchronization signal block based at least in part on the first reference signal being quasi co-located to the synchronization signal block.9.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:refrain from measuring a first reference signal of a second set of reference signals and a second reference signal of the second set of reference signals based at least in part on the first reference signal overlapping with the second reference signal and based at least in part on a rule or a capability of the UE.10.The UE of claim 1, wherein the one or more processors are individually or collectively further operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:transmit a threshold message that indicates a threshold quantity of candidate cells, a threshold quantity of reference signals, or both, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the threshold message.11.The UE of claim 1, wherein, to measure the one or more reference signals, the one or more processors are individually or collectively operable to execute the code to cause the UE to:perform, as part of a lower-layer triggered mobility operation, a layer 1 measurement operation on the one or more reference signals.12.The UE of claim 1, wherein:the one or more reference signals comprise one or more channel state information reference signals.13.A method for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , comprising:transmitting, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells;receiving, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based at least in part on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells;measuring the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration; andtransmitting, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.14.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, from a first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based at least in part on the synchronized timing; andmeasuring the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.15.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving, from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap; andmeasuring the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.16.The method of claim 13, further comprising:receiving a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE;receiving, from the second candidate cell, a synchronization signal block that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal; andmeasuring the second reference signal and the synchronization signal block based at least in part on the synchronization signal block being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.17.A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing code for wireless communications at a user equipment (UE) , the code comprising instructions executable by one or more processors to:transmit, to a serving cell, a control message that indicates whether the UE is downlink synchronized with one or more candidate cells;receive, from the serving cell, signaling indicating a measurement configuration for measuring one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells, the measurement configuration based at least in part on whether the UE is downlink synchronized with the one or more candidate cells;measure the one or more reference signals from the one or more candidate cells to obtain a set of reference signal measurements in accordance with the measurement configuration; andtransmit, to the serving cell, a report message that indicates the set of reference signal measurements.18.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from a first candidate cell that is downlink synchronized with the UE according to a synchronized timing, a first reference signal of the one or more reference signals via timing resources that are based at least in part on the synchronized timing; andmeasure the first reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the first candidate cell being downlink synchronized with the UE.19.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive, from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE, a second reference signal according to a measurement gap; andmeasure the second reference signal in accordance with the measurement configuration and the measurement gap, wherein the measurement configuration is based at least in part on the second candidate cell being downlink non-synchronized with the UE.20.The non-transitory computer-readable medium of claim 17, wherein the instructions are further executable by the one or more processors to:receive a second reference signal from a second candidate cell that is downlink non-synchronized with the UE;receive, from the second candidate cell, a synchronization signal block that is quasi co-located to the second reference signal; andmeasure the second reference signal and the synchronization signal block based at least in part on the synchronization signal block being quasi co-located to the second reference signal.