Communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. The method comprises: sending first information to a network device, the first information being used for determining N beam indexes, the N beam indexes being used as ground truths of a beam prediction model, and N being greater than 1. In the method of the present disclosure, a terminal can report a plurality of ground truths of a beam prediction model to a network device, thereby increasing the accuracy of model evaluation, and further improving the reliability and accuracy of the model.

Description

Communication methods, communication equipment, communication systems, storage media and software products Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method, communication device, communication system, storage medium, and program product. Background Technology

[0002] In wireless communication systems, artificial intelligence (AI) or machine learning (ML) technologies can be used for optimization. For example, AI / ML models can be used to replace traditional wireless communication algorithms for inference.

[0003] Summary of the Invention

[0004] In AI or ML-based beam management, model reliability needs to be improved.

[0005] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product.

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a terminal, the method comprising:

[0007] Send first information to the network device, the first information being used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are the ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0008] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0009] The receiving terminal sends first information, which is used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are used as the true values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0010] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, wherein the communication device is used to perform the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0011] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system, including a network device and a terminal, wherein,

[0012] The terminal is configured to implement the method described in the first aspect;

[0013] The network device is configured to implement the method as described in the second aspect.

[0014] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions, wherein...

[0015] When the instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication device causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0016] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product, which includes at least one of a program and instructions, wherein when the program and instructions are executed by a communication device, they implement the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0017] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the terminal can report multiple ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model to the network device, which helps to improve the accuracy of model evaluation, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the model. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 1A is an exemplary schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figures 1B to 1D are schematic diagrams of CDF provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0021] Figure 2A is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of a method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0022] Figure 2B is a schematic diagram of a CDF provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0023] Figures 3A to 3C are exemplary interactive schematic diagrams of the method provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0024] Figure 4 is an exemplary interactive schematic diagram of the method provided according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0025] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0028] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0029] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product.

[0030] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a terminal, the method comprising:

[0031] Send first information to the network device, the first information being used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are the ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0032] In the above embodiments, the terminal can report multiple true values ​​of the beam prediction model to the network device, which helps to improve the accuracy of model evaluation, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the model.

[0033] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0034] The terminal obtains some or all of the measurement results based on beam measurements in the first beam set;

[0035] The terminal determines N beam indices based on some or all of the measurement results.

[0036] In the above embodiments, the terminal can report the measurement results, and the network device can determine N true values ​​on its own, thereby saving the terminal's operations; or the terminal can directly report the determined N true values, and the network device can perform performance evaluation, thereby saving the network device's operations.

[0037] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0038] Receive reference signals transmitted by network devices on multiple beams in the first beam set;

[0039] The reference signals on multiple beams in the first beam set are measured to obtain some or all of the measurement results.

[0040] In the above embodiments, the terminal obtains measurement results based on measurements, which can improve the accuracy of selecting N true values.

[0041] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, reference signals on multiple beams in the first beam set are measured to obtain partial or complete measurement results, including:

[0042] The reference signals on J beams in the first beam set are measured to obtain J measurement results, where J is greater than or equal to N and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set.

[0043] In the above embodiments, based on specific J beam measurements, the terminal's energy consumption can be saved by selecting the true value.

[0044] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the J beams are J beams in the first beam set whose quality parameters are higher than a first threshold.

[0045] In the above embodiment, the quality parameters of the J beams meet the first threshold, which can minimize the interference of errors and improve the accuracy of obtaining the true value.

[0046] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0047] Sort some or all of the measurement results from high to low, and determine the N beam indices corresponding to the first N measurement results. Among them, some measurement results include J measurement results, and the quality parameters of the J beams corresponding to the J measurement results meet the measurement error requirements.

[0048] In the above embodiments, the higher the measurement result, the higher the beam index is selected, thereby improving the efficiency of selecting the optimal beam.

[0049] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the value of N is determined based on a threshold required to distinguish different beams, wherein the threshold required to distinguish different beams is determined by measurement error.

[0050] In the above embodiments, the value of N can be determined based on a threshold, thereby improving the efficiency of the terminal in determining the true value.

[0051] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0052] The received power RSRP of the ideal reference signal corresponding to different beams, excluding measurement errors, is sorted from high to low. The RSRP difference between the RSRP of the first beam and the RSRP of the i-th beam is determined, where i is less than or equal to the total number of beams.

[0053] Determine the cumulative distribution function (CDF) corresponding to the RSRP difference between the first beam and the i-th beam;

[0054] Determine the value of N, where N satisfies the following condition: the RSRP difference between the first beam and the Nth beam corresponding to the first probability value in the CDF is greater than the second threshold.

[0055] In the above embodiments, the terminal can determine N based on theoretical methods, thereby improving the reliability of determining N.

[0056] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0057] The measurement results with measurement errors corresponding to different beams are sorted from high to low.

[0058] Determine the value of N, where N satisfies the following condition: the difference between the measurement results of the first beam and the Nth beam is less than or equal to the third threshold.

[0059] In the above embodiments, the terminal can determine N based on measurement, thereby improving the flexibility of the terminal in determining N.

[0060] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the measurement error is defined by a protocol.

[0061] In the above embodiments, measurement errors can be defined based on protocols, reducing the operation of terminals and network devices and saving energy.

[0062] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0063] The measurement error is determined based on the quality parameters corresponding to multiple beams in the first beam set.

[0064] In the above embodiments, the terminal can determine the measurement error based on a calculation method, which can be better applied to the corresponding scenarios.

[0065] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0066] Receive configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of the following:

[0067] Channel type;

[0068] Doppler shift;

[0069] Beam index;

[0070] Beamforming codebook.

[0071] In the above embodiments, the terminal can determine the measurement error based on the configuration information, thereby improving reliability.

[0072] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0073] Based on the measurement results and beam prediction model corresponding to the beams in the second beam set, determine the K beam prediction values ​​corresponding to the first beam set, where the beam prediction value is the optimal beam output by the beam prediction model, and K is greater than or equal to 1.

[0074] A second message is sent to the network device, which includes K beam prediction values, where K and N are used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model.

[0075] In the above embodiments, the terminal can report the predicted value to the network device based on the prediction result, so that the network device can perform performance evaluation and improve the reliability of the model.

[0076] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication method executed by a network device, the method comprising:

[0077] The receiving terminal sends first information, which is used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are used as the true values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0078] In the above embodiments, the network device obtains multiple ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model from the terminal, which helps to improve the accuracy of model evaluation, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the model.

[0079] In conjunction with embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0080] The terminal obtains some or all of the measurement results based on beam measurements in the first beam set;

[0081] The terminal determines N beam indices based on some or all of the measurement results.

[0082] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0083] Reference signals are transmitted to the terminal on multiple beams in the first beam set, whereby the terminal is used to obtain some or all of the measurement results based on the measurements.

[0084] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the reference signals transmitted to the terminal on multiple beams in the first beam set include:

[0085] Reference signals are transmitted on J beams in the first beam set, where J is greater than or equal to N and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set.

[0086] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the J beams are J beams in the first beam set whose quality parameters are higher than a first threshold.

[0087] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the N beam indices correspond to the first N measurement results in a partial or complete set of measurement results ordered from high to low, wherein the partial measurement results include J measurement results, and the quality parameters of the J beams corresponding to the J measurement results meet the measurement error requirements.

[0088] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the value of square N is determined based on a threshold required to distinguish different beams, wherein the threshold required to distinguish different beams is determined by measurement error.

[0089] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the square measurement error is defined by a protocol; or,

[0090] The measurement error is determined based on the quality parameters corresponding to multiple beams in the first beam set.

[0091] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0092] Send configuration information to the terminal, the configuration information including at least one of the following:

[0093] Channel type;

[0094] Doppler shift;

[0095] Beam index;

[0096] Beamforming codebook.

[0097] In conjunction with the embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the method further includes:

[0098] The receiving terminal sends a second message, which includes K beam prediction values. The beam prediction values ​​are determined by the terminal based on the measurement results corresponding to the beams in the second beam set and the beam prediction model. The beam prediction values ​​are the optimal beams corresponding to the first beam set output by the beam prediction model. K is greater than or equal to 1, and K and N are used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model.

[0099] Based on the first and second information, the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model is determined.

[0100] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication device, wherein the communication device is used to perform the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0101] Fourthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a communication system, including a network device and a terminal, wherein,

[0102] The terminal is configured to implement the method described in the first aspect;

[0103] The network device is configured to implement the method as described in the second aspect.

[0104] Fifthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a storage medium storing instructions, wherein...

[0105] When the instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication device causes the communication device to perform the method as described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0106] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a program product, which includes at least one of a program and instructions, wherein when the program and instructions are executed by a communication device, they implement the method described in the first aspect or the second aspect.

[0107] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a terminal, including:

[0108] The transceiver module is used to send first information to the network device. The first information is used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are used as the true values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0109] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a network device, including:

[0110] The transceiver module is used to receive first information sent by the terminal. The first information is used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are used as the true values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

[0111] In a ninth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in alternative implementations of the first and second aspects.

[0112] In a tenth aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the methods described according to optional implementations of the first and second aspects above.

[0113] It is understood that the aforementioned communication devices, communication systems, storage media, program products, computer programs, chips, or chip systems are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects they can achieve can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0114] This disclosure provides a communication method, a communication device, a communication system, a storage medium, and a program product. In some embodiments, the terms "communication method" and "information processing method," "information sending and receiving method," etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0115] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0116] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0117] In this embodiment of the disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular expression or a plural expression.

[0118] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0119] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0120] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0121] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0122] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0123] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0124] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0125] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0126] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than”, “greater than or equal to”, “not less than”, “more than”, “more than or equal to”, “not less than”, “higher than”, “higher than or equal to”, “not lower than”, and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than”, “less than or equal to”, “not greater than”, “less than”, “less than or equal to”, “not more than”, “lower than”, “lower than or equal to”, “not higher than”, and “below”.

[0127] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” are interchangeable.

[0128] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0129] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission / reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0130] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", "subscriber station", "mobile unit", "subscriber unit", "wireless unit", "remote unit", "mobile device", "wireless device", "wireless communication device", "remote device", "mobile subscriber station", "access terminal", "mobile terminal", "wireless terminal", "remote terminal", "handset", "user agent", "mobile client", and "client" can be used interchangeably.

[0131] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0132] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0133] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0134] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0135] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0136] Figure 1A is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0137] As shown in Figure 1A, the communication system 100 includes a terminal 101 and a network device 102.

[0138] In some embodiments, terminal 101 includes, for example, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet computer, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home, but is not limited thereto.

[0139] In some embodiments, network device 102 may include at least one of access network device and core network device.

[0140] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), radio backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0141] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0142] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0143] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a single device comprising one or more network elements, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each comprising all or part of one or more network elements. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of the following: Evolved Packet Core (EPC), 5G Core Network (5GCN), and Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0144] In some embodiments, core network equipment includes network elements with specific functions, such as Access Management Function (AMF) and Service Management Function (SMF).

[0145] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0146] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to the communication system 100 shown in FIG1A, or to some of the main bodies, but are not limited thereto. The main bodies shown in FIG1A are illustrative. The communication system may include all or some of the main bodies in FIG1A, or it may include other main bodies outside of FIG1A. The number and form of each main body are arbitrary. Each main body may be physical or virtual. The connection relationship between the main bodies is illustrative. The main bodies may not be connected or may be connected. The connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0147] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), and IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0148] In some implementations, for AI-based beam management, such as AI-based beam prediction, the AI ​​model can predict the best beam index based on measurement. When evaluating the beam prediction accuracy of the AI ​​model, the predicted best beam index can be compared to the ideal best beam index, which can be referred to as the ground truth or genie Top-1 best beam index. For example, in 90% of cases, if one or more predicted best beam indices include the ground truth of the best beam index, it indicates good beam prediction accuracy.

[0149] In some implementations of AI-based beam prediction, there are several key performance indicators (KPIs) that can be used to evaluate beam prediction accuracy. For example, beam prediction accuracy (%) can be evaluated using any of the following optional KPIs:

[0150] Option 1: TOP-1(%): The percentage of the "Top-1 genie-aided beam" that is the true value of the "Top-1 predicted beam"; that is, the percentage of the true value of the best predicted beam in multiple predictions.

[0151] Option 2: Top-K / 1(%): The percentage of "the true value of the Top-1 beam is one of the Top-K predicted beams"; that is, the percentage of the K best predicted beams that include the true value of one best beam in multiple predictions.

[0152] Top-1 / K(%): The percentage of "Top-1 predicted beam is one of the Top-K true values"; that is, the percentage of times in multiple predictions, the predicted best beam is one of the K best true values.

[0153] In some implementations, the aforementioned KPIs lack accuracy in verifying the terminal's beam prediction performance. For example, regarding the beam prediction accuracy based on AI-predicted spatial domain beam indices, the terminal needs to report the true or ideal value of the optimal beam index based on measurements. However, simulations reveal that due to baseband (BB) measurement errors and radio frequency (RF) errors, it is difficult for the terminal to find the ideal beam index based on measurements.

[0154] As shown in Figures 1B to 1D, measurement errors affect KPIs. Figures 1B to 1D represent the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF), with the horizontal axis representing the Layer 1 Reference Signal Received Power (L1-RSRP) difference (RSRP delta) between different beams, and the vertical axis representing probability. The beam densities corresponding to Figures 1B to 1D are different, meaning the number of transmitting beams (or the total number of transmitting beams) M covering the entire spatial domain is different: M = 32 in Figure 1B, M = 6 in Figure 1C, and M = 8 in Figure 1D.

[0155] For example, the terminal can measure the L1-RSRP of each of the M transmit beams (TX beams), and sort the beams according to the measured L1-RSRP, such as in descending order. The first beam has the highest L1-RSRP, and the Mth beam has the lowest L1-RSRP. Figures 1B to 1D can represent the CDF curves of the L1-RSRP differences between different beams, such as the curve corresponding to the L1-RSRP difference between the first and third beams. It is assumed that the CDF curves of the L1-RSRP differences in Figures 1B to 1D are calculated based on ideal L1-RSRP and have no measurement error.

[0156] Taking Figure 1B as an example, for the first beam and the second beam (1 st and 2 nd The CDF curve corresponding to the L1-RSRP difference between the first and second beams (best beam) shows a difference of 0.2 dB at a probability of 10%. This indicates that if it is necessary to distinguish between the first and second beams with a probability of 90%, the measurement accuracy must be within 0.2 dB. For the first beam and the fourth beam (1... st and 4 thThe CDF curve corresponding to the L1-RSRP difference between the best beams shows that the L1-RSRP difference is 1.8dB when the probability is 10%. This indicates that if it is necessary to distinguish between the first beam and the fourth beam with a probability of 90%, the measurement accuracy must be within 1.8dB.

[0157] When the terminal performs measurements, there are baseband measurement errors and RF errors. Assuming the total measurement error is around 2dB, if the L1-RSRP difference between the two beams is less than 2dB, the terminal will not be able to or will not support distinguishing between the two beams; for example, it will not be able to distinguish which of the two beams is better or superior.

[0158] Referring to Table 1-1, the beam resolution and ideal L1-RSRP difference at 10 percentile are illustrated for Figures 1B to 1D. As shown in Table 1-1, beam resolution corresponds to the ability to distinguish the first beam from the Mth beam. Beam resolution depends on the number of transmitted beams; the more transmitted beams, the more difficult it is to identify the optimal beam. For example, to distinguish the first and sixth beams, the ideal L1-RSRP difference at 10 percentile is 3.6 dB with 32 transmitted beams, 4.8 dB with 16 transmitted beams, and 7.5 dB with 8 transmitted beams. This demonstrates that different numbers of transmitted beams require different measurement error capabilities from the terminal.

[0159] Table 1-1

[0160] Based on the description of the above embodiments, the L1-RSRP difference between the first and second beams may be small with a 10% probability or in 10% of cases. However, if the terminal needs to correctly select the optimal beam true value with a 90% probability or in 90% of cases, such as based on the Top-K / 1 requirement in the above KPI, the terminal needs to report a true value. Due to the existence of measurement errors, this requirement will exceed the terminal's own capabilities; that is, the terminal cannot distinguish between two very close optimal beam true values.

[0161] Figure 2A is an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 2A, the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0162] In step S2101, network device 102 sends first configuration information to terminal 101.

[0163] In some embodiments, network device 102 may be at least one of access network device, core network device, or testing equipment (TE).

[0164] In some embodiments, terminal 101 receives first configuration information.

[0165] In some embodiments, the first configuration information is used to configure a beam index report for the beams in the first beam set.

[0166] Optionally, the first beam set can be denoted as setA.

[0167] Optionally, the terminal 101 may report a beam index report corresponding to the first beam set based on the first configuration information.

[0168] Optionally, the first configuration information may instruct the beam index report to report at least one of the following: the measurement results corresponding to each beam in the first beam set, the best measurement beam corresponding to the first beam set, and the true value of the best beam corresponding to the first beam set.

[0169] In some embodiments, the first configuration information can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling.

[0170] In step S2102, network device 102 sends reference signals to terminal 101 on multiple beams in the second beam set.

[0171] In some embodiments, the reference signal may be a Synchronization Signal Physical Broadcast Channel Block (SSB).

[0172] In some embodiments, the second beam set may be denoted as setB.

[0173] In some embodiments, terminal 101 receives reference signals on different beams in setB.

[0174] Optionally, the number of beams in the first beam set can be different from the number of beams in the second beam set. For example, the number of beams in setA is greater than the number of beams in setB, such as setA having 64 transmit beams and setB having 8 transmit beams.

[0175] In some embodiments, since the beams in the second wavenumber set have different directions, the transmission paths or channels corresponding to each beam have different quality parameters, such as different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) for each beam.

[0176] In step S2103, terminal 101 measures each beam in the second beam set to obtain the measurement results corresponding to the second beam set.

[0177] In some embodiments, the measurement result may be a variety of quality parameters or measurements, such as Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) or Reference Signal Received Quality (RSRQ). This disclosure uses L1-RSRP as an example for illustration.

[0178] In some embodiments, terminal 101 can measure the reference signal under beams with different SNRs to obtain the L1-RSRP corresponding to the beam in setB.

[0179] In step S2104, terminal 101 determines the K beam prediction values ​​corresponding to the first beam set based on the measurement results and beam prediction model corresponding to the beams in the second beam set.

[0180] In some embodiments, the beam prediction model (hereinafter referred to as the model) can be an AI or ML-based model for beam management such as beam prediction, wherein the beam prediction model is used to predict information in the spatial domain, for example, the beam prediction model can obtain the best predicted beam based on the input.

[0181] In some embodiments, the beam prediction value is the optimal beam output by the beam prediction model.

[0182] In some embodiments, the input to the beam prediction model can be the measurement results of the beam in setB, and the output can be the prediction results of the best or optimal beam in setA, that is, the beam prediction value corresponding to setA is obtained.

[0183] In some embodiments, terminal 101 can obtain K beam prediction values ​​based on the model, that is, obtain the best or optimal beam of the K predictions.

[0184] Optionally, K is greater than or equal to 1.

[0185] In step S2105, terminal 101 sends second information to network device 102.

[0186] In some embodiments, the second information includes the aforementioned K beam prediction values.

[0187] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may send second information based on first configuration information.

[0188] In some embodiments, the second information may be a beam index report, or a portion thereof.

[0189] In step S2106, network device 102 sends reference signals to terminal 101 on multiple beams in the first beam set.

[0190] In some embodiments, terminal 101 receives reference signals on different beams in setA.

[0191] In some embodiments, the reference signal may be the SSB.

[0192] In some embodiments, when the network device 102 transmits reference signals in different beams in setA, it can provide the terminal 101 with conditions for high-quality parameters so that the terminal 101 can obtain the ideal true value.

[0193] Optionally, network device 102 transmits reference signals on all beams in setA, and terminal 101 receives reference signals on beams with high quality parameters such as high SNR or high L1-RSRP, such as receiving reference signals on J beams.

[0194] Among them, J beams are the J beams in the first beam set setA whose quality parameters are higher than the first threshold, such as J beams whose SNR or L1-RSRP is higher than the first threshold.

[0195] Optionally, network device 102 transmits reference signals on beams with high SNR or high L1-RSRP in setA, such as transmitting reference signals on J beams with SNR or L1-RSRP higher than a first threshold, and terminal 101 receives the reference signals on the J beams.

[0196] In this case, if there are 64 beams in setA, and the SNR or L1-RSRP of some of the beams is higher than the first threshold, then the beams with SNR or L1-RSRP higher than the first threshold can be used as J beams, and the remaining beams with SNR or L1-RSRP lower than the first threshold can not transmit or receive reference signals.

[0197] In some embodiments, J is greater than or equal to N, and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set. Here, N is the number of beam indices in the first information, as described in other embodiments.

[0198] In some embodiments, the first threshold may be determined based on measurement error or measurement error requirements, such that when the SNR of the J beams is greater than the first threshold, the J beams can meet the measurement error requirements, or the quality parameters of the J beams meet the measurement error requirements. Alternatively, the first threshold is used to determine the SNR at which the beams meet the measurement error requirements, thereby determining a high SNR to facilitate obtaining the true value under high SNR conditions.

[0199] Understandably, high SNR or L1-RSRP conditions can improve measurement errors, such as reducing baseband errors.

[0200] In step S2107, terminal 101 measures the reference signals on multiple beams in the first beam set to obtain some or all of the measurement results of the first beam set.

[0201] In some embodiments, terminal 101 can measure all beams in setA to obtain all measurement results such as all L1-RSRPs.

[0202] In some embodiments, terminal 101 can measure a portion of the beams in setA to obtain partial measurement results such as partial L1-RSRP.

[0203] Optionally, terminal 101 measures the reference signals on J beams in the first beam set to obtain J measurement results, wherein J is greater than or equal to N and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set.

[0204] In conjunction with the description of step S2106, if the SNR or L1-RSRP of the J beams is greater than the first threshold, and the SNR or L1-RSRP of the J beams meets the measurement error requirements, then the terminal 101 can obtain measurement results such as L1-RSRP that minimize errors, which is also the way to obtain the true value corresponding to the beam index.

[0205] In step S2108, terminal 101 sorts some or all of the measurement results from high to low and determines the N beam indices corresponding to the first N measurement results.

[0206] In some embodiments, the measurement results are still taken as L1-RSRP. The terminal 101 can sort the L1-RSRP obtained from the beam measurement in setA in descending order, and the beam with the highest L1-RSRP is the one at the top.

[0207] In some embodiments, the terminal 101 obtains J L1-RSRPs based on the measurement of J beams with SNR or L1-RSRP higher than a first threshold, and the quality parameters of the J beams corresponding to the J L1-RSRPs meet the measurement error requirements.

[0208] Optionally, terminal 101 selects the N beam indices corresponding to the N highest L1-RSRPs (i.e., the top N L1-RSRPs) from the J L1-RSRP sorting.

[0209] Optionally, the N beam indices are used as the ground truth of the beam prediction model, where N is greater than 1.

[0210] In step S2109, network device 102 sends second configuration information to terminal 101.

[0211] In some embodiments, the second configuration information includes at least one of the following:

[0212] Channel type;

[0213] Doppler shift;

[0214] Beam index (Tx beam number);

[0215] Beamforming codebook.

[0216] Optionally, the channel type may include: Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), Extended Typical Urban model (ETU), Extended Pedestrian A model (EPA), Tapped Delay Line (TDL), or Clustered Delay Line (CDL), etc.

[0217] In some embodiments, the first configuration information and the second configuration information can be sent through the same signaling or through different signaling. For example, the first configuration information and the second configuration information can be sent through the same RRC signaling or the same configuration information.

[0218] In some embodiments, step S2109 is optional. For example, the second configuration information can be used by terminal 101 to determine the measurement error or to determine N. Step S2109 is executed when terminal 101 needs to perform the second configuration information.

[0219] In step S2110, terminal 101 determines the value of N based on the threshold required to distinguish different beams.

[0220] In some embodiments, the threshold required to distinguish different beams is determined by the measurement error (or total measurement error).

[0221] Optionally, the threshold required to distinguish different beams may include a second threshold and / or a third threshold, which may be the same or different from the third threshold.

[0222] In some embodiments, N is affected by the number of beams and the measurement error. When the number of transmit beams is large, N needs to be increased; and / or, when the measurement error increases, N needs to be increased.

[0223] In some embodiments, measurement error can be determined based on a variety of methods.

[0224] In one example, the measurement error is defined by a protocol.

[0225] In this example, a reasonable measurement error can be defined based on the baseband error and the RF error; for example, the measurement error can be defined as 2dB.

[0226] In another example, terminal 101 can determine the measurement error in the following way:

[0227] Terminal 101 determines the measurement error based on the quality parameters corresponding to multiple beams in the first beam set.

[0228] In this example, taking SNR as the quality parameter, terminal 101 can determine the SNR of network device 102 when transmitting a reference signal on the beam of setA based on measurement or an ideal channel model, such as determining the high SNR involved in steps S2106 and S2107. Based on the determined SNR, terminal 101 can calculate the total measurement error caused by baseband and RF, assuming the determined total measurement error is denoted as XdB.

[0229] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may further determine the value of N using different methods.

[0230] In one example, determining N may include the following steps S2110-11 to S2110-13, specifically:

[0231] In step S2110-11, terminal 101 sorts the ideal reference signal received power (RSRP) corresponding to different beams from high to low, excluding measurement errors, and determines the RSRP difference between the RSRP of the first beam and the RSRP of the i-th beam, where i is less than or equal to the total number of beams.

[0232] In this step, the ideal RSRP can be the ideal L1-RSRP, which can be obtained based on simulation or modeling of the ideal channel model.

[0233] In this step, the different beams can be beams from setA, beams from setB, or beams from other combinations of beams, used to determine the value of N. For example, the different beams can be beams from setA.

[0234] In step S2110-12, terminal 101 determines the cumulative distribution function (CDF) corresponding to the RSRP difference between the first beam and the i-th beam.

[0235] In this step, the CDF diagram corresponding to the ideal RSRP difference between different beams can be calculated and plotted. The ideal RSRP difference between the first and second beams is the same as the ideal RSRP difference between the first and second best beams, and so on.

[0236] In this step, the CDF obtained based on the ideal L1-RSRP is considered to be the ideal CDF, and it is assumed that there is no measurement error interference.

[0237] In step S2110-13, terminal 101 determines the value of N, where N satisfies the following condition: the RSRP difference between the first beam and the Nth beam corresponding to the first probability value in CDF is greater than the second threshold.

[0238] In this step, the first probability value can be denoted as a%. The first probability value can be a probability value selected based on the accuracy requirements. For example, if it is necessary to distinguish different beams with a 90% probability or under certain conditions, then the first probability value is 10%, i.e., a = 10.

[0239] In this step, the selected N needs to make the RSRP difference corresponding to a% in CDF greater than the second threshold.

[0240] For example, referring to Figure 2B, in the CDF corresponding to the ideal L1-RSRP difference when the number of beams is 32, it is assumed that the terminal 101 needs to be able to correctly identify the ground situation in 90% of cases, that is, the first probability value a = 10%.

[0241] As shown in Figure 2B, point A is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the first and fourth beams (1-4) has a 10% probability of being equal to the first probability value. Point B is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the first and fifth beams (1-5) has a 10% probability of being equal to the first probability value. Point C is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the first and sixth beams (1-6) has a 10% probability of being equal to the first probability value. The L1-RSRP differences corresponding to points A, B, and C are {1.8dB, 2.8dB, and 3.8dB}, respectively. Assuming the measurement error is 2dB, and the second threshold is also 2dB, then to successfully distinguish between the two beams, the L1-RSRP difference must be greater than the second threshold, i.e., the L1-RSRP difference must be greater than 2dB. Point B satisfies this condition. Since point B represents the L1-RSRP difference between the first and fifth beams, N is 5.

[0242] In this example, N should be made as small as possible while satisfying the second threshold when making the selection.

[0243] In this example, optionally, the relationship between each L1-RSRP difference and the second threshold is compared sequentially, and N is determined based on the first L1-RSRP difference greater than 2dB.

[0244] For example, although point C is also greater than 2dB, point C corresponds to the L1-RSRP difference between the first and sixth beams, meaning the N value will increase further, leading to more true values ​​reported by the terminal, which is not conducive to performance evaluation.

[0245] In another example, determining N may include the following steps S2110-21 to S2110-22, specifically:

[0246] In steps S2110-21, terminal 101 sorts the measurement results with measurement errors corresponding to different beams from high to low.

[0247] In this step, the different beams can be beams in setA, such as N which terminal 101 can determine during the beam prediction process of setA.

[0248] In this step, terminal 101 can obtain L1-RSRP based on actual measurements and sort the obtained L1-RSRP in descending order.

[0249] In steps S2110-22, terminal 101 determines the value of N, where N satisfies the following condition: the difference between the measurement results of the first beam and the Nth beam is less than or equal to the third threshold.

[0250] In this step, the third threshold can be set based on the measurement error, such as denoted as XdB, which includes baseband error and RF error.

[0251] In this step, terminal 101 can calculate the L1-RSRP difference between the first beam and any other beam one by one. If the L1-RSRP difference is less than or equal to the third threshold, the N value corresponding to the L1-RSRP difference is determined.

[0252] For example, terminal 101 calculates the L1-RSRP difference between the first beam and the i-th beam in descending order of the L1-RSRP. Assuming the third threshold is 2dB, the L1-RSRP of the first beam is 10dB, the second beam's L1-RSRP is 9.5dB, the third beam's L1-RSRP is 9dB, the fourth beam's L1-RSRP is 8dB, the fifth beam's L1-RSRP is 7dB, and so on. When determining the L1-RSRP difference between the first beam and the i-th beam in sequence, when i ≤ 4, the L1-RSRP difference is less than or equal to the third threshold; when i = 5, the L1-RSRP difference is greater than the third threshold, so N = 4.

[0253] In this example, optionally, the selected N needs to make the L1-RSRP difference between the first beam and the Nth beam less than or equal to the third threshold, such as the last L1-RSRP difference less than or equal to the third threshold, as in the case of N=4 in the example above.

[0254] In step S2111, terminal 101 sends first information to network device 102.

[0255] In some embodiments, the first information is used to determine N beam indices, such as for directly or implicitly indicating the N beam indices.

[0256] In some embodiments, terminal 101 may send first information according to the configuration of the first configuration information.

[0257] In some embodiments, the first information includes at least one of the following:

[0258] The terminal obtains some or all of the measurement results based on beam measurements in the first beam set;

[0259] The terminal determines N beam indices based on some or all of the measurement results.

[0260] Combining steps S2106 to S2107, for example, terminal 101 measures all beams in setA to obtain all measurement results, and terminal 101 can report all measurement results to network device 102 through the first information. At this time, step S2108 can be omitted, and network device 102 determines N beam indices itself based on the first information.

[0261] For example, terminal 101 measures J beams in setA and obtains J measurement results. Terminal 101 can report the J measurement results to network device 102 through the first information. In this case, step S2108 can be omitted, and network device 102 can determine N beam indices based on the first information.

[0262] For example, terminal 101 measures J beams in setA to obtain J measurement results, and selects N beam indices based on step S2108. Terminal 101 can report the N beam indices to network device 102 through the first information.

[0263] In step S2112, network device 102 determines the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model based on the first information and the second information.

[0264] In some embodiments, network device 102 may obtain multiple measurement results or N beam indices based on first information.

[0265] Optionally, if network device 102 obtains N beam indices based on the first information, it can evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model based on the N beam indices and the K beam prediction values ​​in the second information. For example, if the K beam prediction values ​​reported by terminal 101 include any one of the N beam indices, it indicates that terminal 101 accurately predicted the beam indices this time.

[0266] Optionally, if network device 102 obtains multiple measurement results based on the first information, network device 102 can select N beam indices. The selection method can refer to the selection method of terminal 101, such as sorting the obtained measurement results in descending order and selecting the best N beam indices. Network device 102 determines whether the K beam prediction values ​​include any of the N beam indices. If so, it indicates that terminal 101 has accurately predicted the beam indices this time.

[0267] Optionally, the above process describes a test process for terminal 101 to predict and evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model. Terminal 101 can repeat the test process, such as repeating it 100 times, and then calculate the percentage of accurate predictions, that is, calculate the KPI corresponding to the prediction accuracy.

[0268] In some embodiments of this disclosure, the prediction accuracy (%) is represented by the following KPIs:

[0269] Top-K / N(%): The percentage of "Top-N ideal beams are one of the Top-K predicted beams", that is, the percentage of K predicted beams that include any one of the N beam indices in multiple predictions.

[0270] It is understood that the expressions such as optimal beam or best beam in the embodiments of this disclosure are not intended to be unique, but are intended to indicate one or more beams selected from multiple beams based on model prediction, or one or more beams with higher measurement results selected from multiple beams based on measurement.

[0271] In some embodiments, the names of information, etc., are not limited to the names described in the embodiments. Terms such as "information", "message", "signal", "signaling", "report", "configuration", "indication", "instruction", "command", "channel", "parameter", "domain", and "field" can be used interchangeably.

[0272] In some embodiments, terms such as “send,” “transmit,” “report,” “distribute,” “transmit,” “bidirectional transmission,” “send and / or receive” can be used interchangeably.

[0273] In some embodiments, the terms “downlink control information (DCI),” “downlink (DL) assignment,” “DL DCI,” “uplink (UL) grant,” and “UL DCI” can be used interchangeably.

[0274] In some embodiments, "acquire," "get," "obtain," "receive," "transmit," "bidirectional transmission," and "send and / or receive" can be used interchangeably and can be interpreted as receiving from other entities, acquiring from protocols, acquiring from higher layers, obtaining through self-processing, or autonomous implementation. Protocols include, for example, at least one of the 3GPP protocol, Wi-Fi protocol, and audio and / or video protocols.

[0275] In some embodiments, terms such as "certain," "preset," "default," "set," "indicated," "a certain," "any," and "first" can be used interchangeably. "Certain A," "preset A," "default A," "set A," "indicated A," "a certain A," "any A," and "first A" can be interpreted as A pre-defined in a protocol or the like, or as A obtained through setting, configuration, or instruction, or as specific A, a certain A, any A, or first A, but are not limited thereto.

[0276] The communication method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2112.

[0277] For example, step S2111 can be implemented as a standalone embodiment, steps S2105 and S2111 can be implemented as standalone embodiments, and steps S2111 and S2112 can be implemented as standalone embodiments, but are not limited thereto.

[0278] In some embodiments, at least one of steps S2101, S2102, and S2103 is optional; one of these steps may be selected for execution in different embodiments, or one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments. For example, at least one of the above steps depends on the implementation of the terminal or network device.

[0279] In some embodiments, at least one of steps S2106, S2107, and S2108 is optional; one of these steps may be selected for execution in different embodiments, or one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments. For example, at least one of the above steps depends on the implementation of the terminal or network device.

[0280] In some embodiments, at least one of steps S2109 and S2110 is optional; one of these steps may be selected for execution in different embodiments, or one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments. For example, at least one of the above steps depends on the implementation of the terminal or network device.

[0281] In some embodiments, the order of steps S2109 and S2110 is only illustrative. For example, they can be executed before step S2108, or before step S2106; or before step S2101, that is, after N is predetermined, N is directly applied in the actual prediction process.

[0282] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0283] Figure 3A is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3A, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0284] In step S3101, terminal 101 sends first information to network device 102.

[0285] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3101 can refer to the implementation of step S2111, and will not be repeated here.

[0286] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0287] Figure 3B is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3B, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0288] In step S3201, terminal 101 sends second information to network device 102.

[0289] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3201 can be referred to the implementation of step S2105, and will not be repeated here.

[0290] In step S3202, terminal 101 sends first information to network device 102.

[0291] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3201 can be referred to the implementation of step S2111, and will not be repeated here.

[0292] In step S3203, network device 102 determines the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model based on the first information and the second information.

[0293] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3203 can be referred to the implementation of step S2112, and will not be repeated here.

[0294] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0295] Figure 3C is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a communication method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 3C, this embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0296] In step S3301, terminal 101 sends second information to network device 102.

[0297] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3301 can be referred to the implementation of step S2105, and will not be repeated here.

[0298] In step S3302, terminal 101 determines the value of N based on the threshold required to distinguish different beams.

[0299] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3302 can be referred to the implementation of step S2110, and will not be repeated here.

[0300] In step S3303, terminal 101 sends first information to network device 102.

[0301] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3303 can be referred to the implementation of step S2111, and will not be repeated here.

[0302] In step S3304, network device 102 determines the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model based on the first information and the second information.

[0303] In some embodiments, the implementation of step S3304 can be referred to the implementation of step S2112, and will not be repeated here.

[0304] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0305] This disclosure provides a method in which a terminal can report the true values ​​of N best n-th beam indexes, instead of just the true value of one best top-1 beam index, aiming to solve the problem that the terminal cannot distinguish between different beams.

[0306] Figure 4 shows an interactive schematic diagram of a communication method. This disclosure relates to a communication method, which includes:

[0307] Step S4101, TE is the beam configuration beam index report for setA.

[0308] In some embodiments, TE corresponds to the network device described in the foregoing embodiments.

[0309] In some embodiments, step S4101 corresponds to step S2101 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0310] In step S4102, the TE transmits multiple RS on beams with different SNRs in setB.

[0311] In some embodiments, step S4102 corresponds to step S2102 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0312] Step S4103: The UE measures the L1-RSRP of all beams in setB.

[0313] In some embodiments, the UE corresponds to the terminal in the foregoing embodiments.

[0314] In some embodiments, step S4103 corresponds to step S2103 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0315] In step S4104, the UE predicts the optimal TX beam index for setA based on the AI ​​model.

[0316] In some embodiments, the AI ​​model corresponds to the beam prediction model in the foregoing embodiments.

[0317] In some embodiments, step S4104 corresponds to step S2104 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0318] In step S4105, the UE reports the K best predicted beams in setA.

[0319] In some embodiments, step S4105 corresponds to step S2105 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0320] In step S4106, the TE transmits reference signals on multiple TX beams in setA so that the UE can obtain the true value of the optimal beam index under high SNR conditions.

[0321] In some embodiments, step S4106 corresponds to step S2106 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0322] In step S4107, the UE measures the L1-RSRP of the beam in setA to obtain the true value.

[0323] In some embodiments, step S4107 corresponds to step S2107 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0324] In step S4108, the UE reports the true values ​​of the N best beam indices in setA.

[0325] In some embodiments, step S4108 corresponds to step S2111 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0326] Step S4109: TE compares whether the K best predicted beams reported by the UE include the true values ​​of the N best beam indices.

[0327] In some embodiments, step S4109 corresponds to step S2112 in the foregoing embodiments.

[0328] In some embodiments, steps S4108 and S4109 may include the following two optional examples:

[0329] Option 1:

[0330] In step S4108, the UE will report the optimal N beam indices to the TE;

[0331] In step S4109, the TE compares whether the K indices reported by the UE in step S4105 include any of the N beam indices reported in step S4108. If so, the UE correctly predicted the beam index for this test. The test is then repeated next time.

[0332] Option 2:

[0333] In step S4108, the UE will report the RSRP of all beams in setA to the TE;

[0334] In step S4109, the TE sorts the beams according to the RSRP and selects the best N beam indices. The TE compares whether the K indices reported by the UE in step S4105 include any of the N beam indices. If so, the UE has correctly predicted the beam index for this test. The test is then repeated next time.

[0335] In some embodiments, the KPI for beam prediction accuracy (%) is:

[0336] Top-K / N(%): The percentage of "Top-N ideal beams are one of the Top-K predicted beams", that is, the percentage of K predicted beams that include any one of the N beam indices in multiple predictions.

[0337] N is greater than 1. N is affected by the number of TX beams and the total measurement error. When the number of TX beams increases, N also increases. When the measurement error increases, N will increase.

[0338] In some embodiments, N is derived through the following steps:

[0339] Step 1: Determine the SNR levels for steps S4106 and S4107;

[0340] Step 2: Calculate the total measurement error caused by BB and RF based on the signal-to-noise ratio. Assume the total error is X dB.

[0341] Step 3: Calculate and plot the ideal RSRP difference CDF diagram for different transmit beams. The RSRP difference between the 1st and 2nd beams is the same as the RSRP difference between the beams with the largest RSRP and the second largest RSRP, the RSRP difference between the 1st and 3rd beams is the same as the RSRP difference between the beams with the largest RSRP and the third largest RSRP, and so on. The CDF is calculated based on the ideal L1-RSRP and has no error.

[0342] The TE can configure any of the following for the UE:

[0343] Channel type, such as AWGN, ETU, EPA, TDL, CDL.

[0344] Doppler.

[0345] Transmit beam number (Tx beam number).

[0346] Beamforming codebook.

[0347] Step 4: Select N to satisfy the L1-RSRP difference between the first and Nth best TX beams, corresponding to the point in CDF where a% is less than the XdB threshold. For example, a = 10.

[0348] For example, referring to the example in Figure 2B, here is the CDF diagram of the ideal L1-RSRP difference for 32 TX beams. Assuming the UE needs to correctly identify the ground situation in 90% of cases, then a = 10%. Point A is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the 1st and 4th beams (1-4) has a 10% probability value; point B is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the 1st and 5th beams (1-5) has a 10% probability value; and point C is the point where the L1-RSRP difference between the 1st and 6th beams (1-6) has a 10% probability value. The L1-RSRP differences corresponding to points A, B, and C are {1.8dB, 2.8dB, and 3.8dB}, respectively. Assuming the total measurement error is 2dB, then the L1-RSRP increment needs to be greater than 2dB. Therefore, point B satisfies the condition. Point B is the L1-RSRP difference between the first and fifth TX beams. Therefore, N = 5.

[0349] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0350] This disclosure also proposes an apparatus (also referred to as a communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the terminal in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by a network device (e.g., an access network device, a core network functional node, a core network device, etc.) in any of the above methods.

[0351] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD). Taking a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) as an example, it can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0352] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a Neural Network Processing Unit (NPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), or a Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU).

[0353] Figure 5A is a schematic diagram of a communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 5100 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5A, the communication device 5100 may include at least one of a transceiver module 5101, a processing module 5102, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5101 is used to send first information to a network device, the first information being used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are the true values ​​of a beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1. Optionally, the transceiver module 5101 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps, such as sending and / or receiving, performed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module 5102 is used to perform at least one of the other steps performed by the terminal 101 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0354] Figure 5B is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 5200 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, as shown in Figure 5B, the communication device 5200 may include at least one of a transceiver module 5201, a processing module 5202, etc. In some embodiments, the transceiver module 5201 is used to receive first information sent by a terminal, the first information being used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are the true values ​​of a beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1. Optionally, the transceiver module 5201 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps, such as sending and / or receiving, performed by the network device 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module 5202 is used to perform at least one of the other steps performed by the network device 102 in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0355] In some embodiments, the transceiver module may include a transmitting module and / or a receiving module, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the transceiver module may be interchangeable with a transceiver.

[0356] In some embodiments, the processing module may be a single module or may include multiple sub-modules. Optionally, the multiple sub-modules may each perform all or part of the steps required by the processing module.

[0357] In some embodiments, the processing module can be replaced by the processor, and the transceiver module can be replaced by the transceiver.

[0358] Figure 6A is a schematic diagram of the structure of the communication device 6100 proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. The communication device 6100 can be a network device (e.g., access network device, core network device, etc.), a terminal (e.g., user equipment, etc.), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the network device in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the terminal in implementing any of the above methods. The communication device 6100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; for details, please refer to the descriptions in the above method embodiments.

[0359] As shown in Figure 6A, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 includes one or more processors 6101. The processor 6101 may be a general-purpose processor or a special-purpose processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, terminal devices, terminal device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the communication device 6100 is used to execute any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the communication device 6100 to execute any of the above methods.

[0360] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more transceivers 6102. When the communication device 6100 includes one or more transceivers 6102, the transceiver 6102 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method, and the processor 6101 performs at least one of the other steps. In optional embodiments, the transceiver may include a receiver and / or a transmitter, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0361] In some embodiments, the communication device 6100 further includes one or more memories 6103 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 6101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 6103 to cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 6103 may also be located outside the communication device 6100. In optional embodiments, the communication device 6100 may include one or more interface circuits 6104. Optionally, the interface circuit 6104 is connected to the memory 6103 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 6103 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 6104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 6103 and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 6103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 6104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 6103 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 6101.

[0362] The communication device 6100 described in the above embodiments may be a network device or a terminal, but the scope of the communication device 6100 described in this disclosure is not limited thereto, and the structure of the communication device 6100 may not be limited by FIG. 6A. The communication device may be a standalone device or a part of a larger device. For example, the communication device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally, the IC collection may also include storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, terminal device, smart terminal device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, network device, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0363] Figure 6B is a schematic diagram of the structure of chip 6200 according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the communication device 6100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to the schematic diagram of chip 6200 shown in Figure 6B, but it is not limited thereto.

[0364] Chip 6200 includes one or more processors 6201. Chip 6200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0365] In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more interface circuits 6202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 6200 further includes one or more memories 6203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 6203 may be located outside of chip 6200. Optionally, interface circuit 6202 is connected to memory 6203, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from memory 6203 or other devices, and interface circuit 6202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to memory 6203 or other devices. For example, interface circuit 6202 can read data and / or instructions stored in memory 6203 and send the data and / or instructions to processor 6201.

[0366] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 6202 performs at least one of the communication steps, such as sending and / or receiving, in the above-described method. For example, the interface circuit 6202 performing the communication steps, such as sending and / or receiving, in the above-described method means that the interface circuit 6202 performs data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 6201, the chip 6200, the memory 6203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 6201 performs at least one of the other steps.

[0367] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0368] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on the communication device 6100, cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0369] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by the communication device 6100, cause the communication device 6100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0370] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods. Industrial applicability

[0371] The terminal can report multiple ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model to the network device, which helps to improve the accuracy of model evaluation, thereby improving the reliability and accuracy of the model.

Claims

1. A communication method, executed by a terminal, the method comprising: Send first information to the network device, the first information being used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are the ground truth values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

2. The method as described in claim 1, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: The terminal obtains some or all of the measurement results based on beam measurements in the first beam set; The terminal determines the N beam indices based on some or all of the measurement results.

3. The method as described in claim 2, wherein, The method further includes: Receive reference signals transmitted by the network device on multiple beams in the first beam set; The reference signals on multiple beams in the first beam set are measured to obtain some or all of the measurement results.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein, The step of measuring reference signals on multiple beams in the first beam set to obtain partial or complete measurement results includes: The reference signals on J beams in the first beam set are measured to obtain J measurement results, wherein J is greater than or equal to N and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, The J beams are the J beams in the first beam set whose quality parameters are higher than a first threshold.

6. The method as described in any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein, The method further includes: The partial or all measurement results are sorted from high to low to determine the N beam indices corresponding to the first N measurement results. The partial measurement results include J measurement results, and the quality parameters of the J beams corresponding to the J measurement results meet the measurement error requirements.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein, The value of N is determined based on the threshold required to distinguish different beams, wherein the threshold required to distinguish different beams is determined by the measurement error.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein, The method further includes: Sort the received power RSRP of the ideal reference signal corresponding to different beams from high to low, and determine the RSRP difference between the RSRP of the first beam and the RSRP of the i-th beam, where i is less than or equal to the total number of beams. Determine the cumulative distribution function (CDF) corresponding to the RSRP difference between the first beam and the i-th beam; Determine the value of N, wherein N satisfies the following condition: the RSRP difference between the first beam and the Nth beam corresponding to the first probability value in the CDF is greater than the second threshold.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein, The method further includes: The measurement results with measurement errors corresponding to different beams are sorted from high to low. Determine the value of N, wherein N satisfies the following condition: the difference between the measurement results of the first beam and the Nth beam is less than or equal to a third threshold.

10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, wherein, The measurement error is defined by a protocol.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein, The method further includes: The measurement error is determined based on the quality parameters corresponding to multiple beams in the first beam set.

12. The method as claimed in any one of claims 7 to 11, wherein, The method further includes: Receive configuration information sent by the network device, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of the following: Channel type; Doppler shift; Beam index; Beamforming codebook.

13. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein, The method further includes: Based on the measurement results corresponding to the beams in the second beam set and the beam prediction model, determine K beam prediction values ​​corresponding to the first beam set, wherein the beam prediction value is the optimal beam output by the beam prediction model, and K is greater than or equal to 1; Send a second message to the network device, the second message including the K beam prediction values, wherein K and N are used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model.

14. A communication method performed by a network device, the method comprising: The receiving terminal sends first information, which is used to determine N beam indices, wherein the N beam indices are used as the true values ​​of the beam prediction model, and N is greater than 1.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein, The first information includes at least one of the following: The terminal obtains some or all of the measurement results based on beam measurements in the first beam set; The terminal determines the N beam indices based on some or all of the measurement results.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein, The method further includes: Reference signals transmitted to the terminal on multiple beams in the first beam set, wherein the terminal is used to obtain some or all measurement results based on measurements.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein, The reference signals transmitted to the terminal on multiple beams in the first beam set include: Reference signals are transmitted on J beams in the first beam set, wherein J is greater than or equal to N and less than or equal to the total number of beams in the first beam set.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein, The J beams are the J beams in the first beam set whose quality parameters are higher than a first threshold.

19. The method as claimed in any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein, The N beam indices correspond to the first N measurement results in the partial or all measurement results sorted from high to low. The partial measurement results include J measurement results, and the quality parameters of the J beams corresponding to the J measurement results meet the measurement error requirements.

20. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 19, wherein, The value of N is determined based on a threshold required to distinguish different beams, wherein the threshold required to distinguish different beams is determined by the measurement error. Certainly.

21. The method of claim 20, wherein, The measurement error is defined by a protocol; or... The measurement error is determined based on the quality parameters corresponding to multiple beams in the first beam set.

22. The method of any one of claims 20 to 21, wherein, The method further includes: Send configuration information to the terminal, wherein the configuration information includes at least one of the following: Channel type; Doppler shift; Beam index; Beamforming codebook.

23. The method as claimed in any one of claims 14 to 22, wherein, The method further includes: The terminal receives second information, which includes K beam prediction values. The beam prediction values ​​are determined by the terminal based on the measurement results corresponding to the beams in the second beam set and the beam prediction model. The beam prediction values ​​are the optimal beams corresponding to the first beam set output by the beam prediction model. K is greater than or equal to 1, and K and N are used to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model. Based on the first information and the second information, the prediction accuracy of the beam prediction model is determined.

24. A communication device, wherein, The communication device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 23.

25. A communication system comprising network equipment and a terminal, wherein, The terminal is configured to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14; The network device is configured to implement the method as described in any one of claims 15 to 23.

26. A storage medium storing instructions, wherein, When the instructions are executed on the communication device, the communication device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 23.

27. A program product, wherein, It includes at least one of a program and instructions, wherein when the at least one of the program and instructions is executed by a communication device, it implements the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14 or any one of claims 15 to 23.

Images