Optimizing idle procedures
By determining the absence of mobile terminated data, UEs in satellite networks can skip idle mode operations, optimizing energy usage and reducing power consumption through network indications, addressing inefficiencies in store and forward scenarios.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NOKIA SOLUTIONS (SHANGHAI) CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2024-11-08
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
In satellite communication networks with store and forward operations, UEs face challenges such as unnecessary power consumption due to continuous cell measurements and system information acquisitions when no mobile terminated data is expected, leading to inefficient energy usage.
A terminal device determines the absence of mobile terminated data through network indications, allowing it to skip or relax idle mode operations like cell measurements and system information acquisitions, using RRC connection release messages, downlink control information, paging messages, or wake-up signals to optimize energy consumption.
This approach reduces unnecessary operations, thereby saving energy and minimizing power consumption in UEs by avoiding redundant actions when no data is expected, enhancing efficiency in satellite communication networks.
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Figure CN2024131070_15052026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
OPTIMIZING IDLE PROCEDURESFIELD
[0001] Various example embodiments relate to the field of communications and in particular, to devices, methods, apparatuses and a computer readable storage medium for optimizing idle procedures.BACKGROUND
[0002] A communication network can be seen as a facility that enables communications between two or more communication devices, or provides communication devices access to a data network. A mobile or wireless communication network is one example of a communication network.
[0003] Such communication networks operate in accordance with standards, such as those promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) or European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) . Examples of such standards include the so-called 5th generation (5G) standard, 6th generation (6G) or other standards promulgated by 3GPP.SUMMARY
[0004] In general, example embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for optimizing idle procedures, for example, during store and forward operations.
[0005] In a first aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes. The at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the terminal device to determine that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and skip or relax at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0006] In a second aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program codes. The at least one memory and the computer program codes are configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the network device to transmit, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0007] In a third aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: determining, at a terminal device, that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and skipping or relaxing at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, there is provided a method. The method comprises: transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for determining, at a terminal device, that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and means for skipping or relaxing at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, there is provided an apparatus comprising means for transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, there is provided a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the method according to any one of the above third to fourth aspect.
[0012] In an eighth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: determine that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and skip or relax at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0013] In a ninth aspect, there is provided a computer program comprising instructions, which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus at least to: transmit, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0014] In a tenth aspect, there is provided a terminal device. The terminal device comprises determining circuitry configured to determine that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and skipping circuitry or relaxing circuitry configured to skip or relax at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0015] In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a network device. The network device comprises transmitting circuitry configured to transmit, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0016] It is to be understood that the summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of embodiments of the present disclosure, nor is it intended to be used to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] Some example embodiments will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0018] Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B illustrate an example communication network in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented;
[0019] Fig. 2 illustrates a flowchart illustrating a process for optimizing idle procedures, such as optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations, according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0020] Fig. 3 illustrates an example process for optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0021] Fig. 4 illustrates another example process for optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0022] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0023] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure;
[0024] Fig. 7 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure; and
[0025] Fig. 8 illustrates a block diagram of an example computer readable medium in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0026] Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0027] Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.
[0028] In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
[0029] References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
[0030] It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
[0031] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments. As used herein, the singular forms “a” , “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” , “comprising” , “has” , “having” , “includes” and / or “including” , when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, elements, and / or components etc., but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, elements, components and / or combinations thereof. As used herein, “at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>” and “at least one of <a list of two or more elements>” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” , mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0032] As used in this application, the term “circuitry” may refer to one or more or all of the following:
[0033] (a) hardware-only circuit implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0034] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0035] (i) a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0036] (ii) any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions) and
[0037] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (e.g., firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0038] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0039] As used herein, the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as 5G New Radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and so on. Furthermore, the communications between a terminal device and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the future fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and / or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will of course also be future type communication technologies and systems with which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
[0040] As used herein, the term “network device” refers to a node in a communication network via which a terminal device accesses the network and receives services therefrom. The network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB, a base station of a 5G system) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, a low power node such as a femto, a pico, and so forth, depending on the applied terminology and technology.
[0041] The term “terminal device” refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communication. By way of example rather than limitation, a terminal device may also be referred to as a communication device, user equipment (UE) , a Subscriber Station (SS) , a Portable Subscriber Station, a Mobile Station (MS) , or an Access Terminal (AT) . The terminal device may include, but not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, a tablet, a wearable terminal device, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , portable computers, desktop computer, image capture terminal devices such as digital cameras, gaming terminal devices, music storage and playback appliances, vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , USB dongles, smart devices, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device and applications (e.g., remote surgery) , an industrial device and applications (e.g., a robot and / or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and / or an automated processing chain contexts) , a consumer electronics device, a device operating on commercial and / or industrial wireless networks, and the like. In the following description, the terms “terminal device” , “communication device” , “terminal” , “user equipment” and “UE” may be used interchangeably.
[0042] Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) have been defined for New Radio (NR) and Narrowband Internet of things (NB-IoT) / enhanced Machine-Type Communication (eMTC) in Rel-17 and further enhanced in Rel-18. Store and forward concept is part of the NTN IoT Rel-19 work, where the following objective has been defined: support of Store&Forward (S&F) satellite operation with full eNB as regenerative payload, therefore: define the necessary enhancements into E-UTRAN (network &UE) to support S&F operation for delay-tolerant services [RAN3, RAN2, RAN4] . At least specify necessary enhancements e.g. related to S1 protocol, especially to address the feeder link switch over as needed [RAN3] . There are two aspects to be noted: strive to minimise UE impact; and coordination with SA2 (Rel-19 SA2 led Sat-Arch ph3 SI) is needed on the detail requirements (e.g. traffic type, or Qos parameter for S&F) , network architecture (e.g. whether consider (partial) core network on satellite) etc.; further coordination with CT1 might be required. Some embodiments of the present disclosure targets the store and forward concept above.
[0043] The store and forward operation builds on the Rel-17 concept of discontinuous coverage scenario, where the UE only occasionally and temporarily has coverage from a satellite. The discontinuous coverage scenario is now expanded given that the satellite is not always connected with the core network (due to not being continuously connected with a NTN gateway / ground stations i.e. the feeder link is also discontinuous in terms of service availability) . This means the satellite will not receive new data for UEs in the coverage area, when the feeder link is unavailable. Instead, the satellite will receive and store data when the feeder link is available, and then forward the data to the UEs when the satellite is providing service to the UE.
[0044] The store and forward architecture enables a low-cost deployment consisting of just a few satellites and a few ground stations. This means the connectivity cost per device can be further reduced at the cost of being able to support delay tolerant data.
[0045] The S&F mode leads to a number of challenges such as: (i) satellite availability within the UE area. Solution for this issue can be similar to the ones specified for discontinuous coverage; (ii) avoidance of unnecessary retransmissions on application level because it takes a long time to receive an answer; (iii) optimization of UE power consumption. In this architecture, power saving features are critical and therefore the UE can avoid e.g., unnecessary paging monitoring and cell measurements. Some embodiments of the present disclosure focuses on the challenge (iii) above.
[0046] The latest agreements made in RAN2#127bis are the following:
[0047] 1. The dynamic indication that “the cell is operating in S&F mode” is called “S&F operation” indication (we can come back on the exact name when putting this in the spec, if needed) .
[0048] 2. RAN2 assumes that if an indication that “the cell is operating in S&F mode” is not provided in a NTN cell, the UE may assume that the NTN cell is operating in real-time mode (i.e. default / normal / ” not-S&F” mode) . RAN2 assumes there may be no distinction between the case that the UE is served by a NTN cell that do not support S&F capability and the case that the UE is served by a NTN cell that does support S&F capability but indication that “the cell is operating in S&F mode” is not provided.
[0049] 3. An S&F explicit capability indication by the serving cell, conceived as a static indication of whether the S&F capability is supported or not by a specific satellite / NTN-cell, in addition to the indication that “the cell is operating in S&F mode” , is not needed.
[0050] 4. If the “S&F operation” indication is not broadcast, a Rel-19 UE (regardless whether supporting S&F or not) can follow the legacy barring procedure.
[0051] 5. When present, the “S&F operation” indication has two possible settings: ‘1’ : the cell is operating in S&F mode for all UEs (Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F are allowed to access the cell) ; and ‘0’ : the cell is operating in S&F mode for UEs in Connected mode (which are not required to monitor the “S&F indication” ) , but idle Rel-19 UEs supporting S&F are barred (Rel-19 UEs not supporting S&F will follow legacy barring procedure) .
[0052] There are some methods for transitioning from CONNECTED mode to IDLE MODE. When there is no more data to exchange, the following triggers can be used to release the connection: 1. RRC connection release: the eNB sends an RRC connection release message to release the RRC connection, which includes the released of the radio bearers and all radio resources. After reception of this message, the UE moves into IDLE mode. 2. Data inactivity timer: the MAC entity may be configured with a data inactivity monitoring functionality when the UE is in CONNECTED mode. Upon timer expiration, the UE moves into IDLE mode with release cause “RRC connection failure” . 3. Release assistance indication (RAI) : a UE can use this indicator to inform the NW that no more UL (or DL) data transmissions are expected and initiate the RRC connection release procedure. 4. In release 18 the UE may also move directly to RRC Idle if Radio Link Failure is triggered and there is insufficient time (due to a discontinuous coverage scenario) to perform RRC Re-establishment.
[0053] In view of these analysis and considerations, a new solution is proposed in some embodiments of the present disclosure. Some embodiments propose a novel UE behavior and new signaling such the UE is aware that no more MT data is buffered (or MT data is not buffered) at the satellite and therefore it may skip (or relax) UE’s IDLE actions related to cell camping. These actions include at least cell measurements, cell re-selection and SI re-acquisition towards cells of the satellite, which has informed the UE there is no more MT data (or MT data is not buffered) . Some embodiments of the present disclosure is primarily relevant for S&F scenarios where the satellite deploys multiple earth-moving cells (without precluding other deployments, e.g. (quasi) earth-fixed cells) . In this way, the UE saves energy by skipping redundant operations. Even for scenarios where the MME or an MME proxy is on-board of the satellite, the signaling overhead of this invention is lower than changing DRX / PSM configuration by the MME.
[0054] Principles and embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Reference is first made to Figs. 1A and 1B, which illustrate an example communication system 100 (or referred to as communication network) in which embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented. The system 100, for example, a communication network, includes a plurality of network device (s) and terminal device (s) , such as a terminal device 101 and a network device 102. The network device 102 is deployed to serve one or more cells. The terminal device 101 may have an active connection with the network device 102 when being located within the corresponding cell.
[0055] In IoT NTN scenarios, the network device 102 may be a NTN device, for example, a satellite. In some examples, the satellite may be a low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite, a medium earth orbiting (MEO) satellite, or a geostationary earth orbiting (GEO) satellite. The satellite may include a payload consisting of a base station / eNB / gNB and may also include one or more core network nodes / functions such as mobility management entity (MME) / access and mobility management function (AMF) . Some examples of cell are shown as a cell A and a cell B. In some examples, Figs. 1A and 1B may be combined to describe a store and forward scenario where a terminal device 101 (e.g. a UE) in the system 100 moves to IDLE after acquiring all available data. In Figs. 1A and 1B, T1 and T2 are different time points.
[0056] It is to be understood that the number of network devices and terminal devices is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations. The system 100 may include any suitable number of network devices and terminal devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure.
[0057] Communications in the communication system 100 may be implemented according to any proper communication protocol (s) , comprising, but not limited to, cellular communication protocols of the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) and the fifth generation (5G) and on the like, wireless local network communication protocols such as Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 and the like, and / or any other protocols currently known or to be developed in the future. Moreover, the communication may utilize any proper wireless communication technology, comprising but not limited to: Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) , Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) , Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) , Time Division Duplex (TDD) , Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) , Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple (OFDM) , Discrete Fourier Transform spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) and / or any other technologies currently known or to be developed in the future.
[0058] Continuing with reference to Figs. 1A and 1B, an S&F scenario will be described where a satellite / eNB deploys multiple Earth-moving cells (e.g. the cell A and the cell B as shown in Figs. 1A and 1B) and the UE moves to IDLE after acquiring all available data. An example of the termial device 101 may be a UE. An example of the network device 102 may be a satellite / eNB. In time T1, the UE establishes a connection with the satellite / eNB. Once the eNB transmits all available UE data (or referred to as mobile terminated (MT) data, or downlink (DL) data, or MT-type data hereinafter) and there is no more data to be exchanged, the eNB releases the connection and the UE moves to IDLE. At this point in time, the UE can expect no more transmissions of MT data from the satellite because there is no feeder link availability due to S&F mode, which means the satellite will not receive further MT data from the core network. It is noted that the deployment of multiple earth-moving cells is just an example. In an alternative example, the solution of the present disclosure may also applicable to other deployments, e.g. (quasi) earth-fixed cells.
[0059] In some solutions, despite there being no more data for the UE, the UE may still perform legacy cell measurements (based on signal strength or distance) to evaluate the cell re-selection criteria. In time T2, as cells move over time, the UE triggers a cell re-selection to cell B where the UE is required to acquire new cell B system information (SI) including SIB1, SIB2-4 and SIB31 (or SIB19 in case of NR) . In Earth-moving scenarios, the cell movement will continuously trigger periodic cell re-selections and SI re-acquisitions, when a satellite is available. In other TN and NTN deployments, the UE is required to maintain up-to-date SI for paging monitoring in case the NW wants to page the UE with new data. However, in S&F these operations are no longer relevant once the eNB has no (or no more) buffered (MT) data.
[0060] Therefore, the present disclosure proposes a solution of UE energy saving optimization where the UE determines that no more MT data is available (or the UE determines that MT data is unavailable) based on a NW indication and after that, saves UE’s energy by skipping IDLE operations such as cell measurements, cell re-selection and SI acquisition.
[0061] Reference is now made to Fig. 2, which shows a process 220 for optimizing idle procedures, such as optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 2, in the process 200, a terminal device 210 and a network device 220 are involved. The terminal device 210 may be an example of the terminal device 101 mentioned in Figs. 1A and 1B. The network device 220 may be an example of the network device 102 in Figs. 1A and 1B.
[0062] In some examples, the terminal device 210 may be a UE or another terminal device. The network device 220 may be a satellite or eNB, etc. In some examples, the terminal device and the network device 220 may be in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some examples, the network device 220 is a satellite. In some examples herein, “terminal device” and “UE” may be used interchangeably. “Network device” and “satellite” and “eNB” and “network” may be used interchangeably. “MT-type data” and “mobile terminated data” and “MT data” and “available UE data” may be used interchangeably. “idle mode operation” and “IDLE actions” may be used interchangeably.
[0063] In the process 200, the terminal device 210 may determine (206) that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device. Then the terminal device 210 may skip or relax (208) at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device 210. Relaxing the at least one idle mode operation means performing the at least one idle mode operation less frequently. Relaxed monitoring is used in 3GPP TS 36.304 and 38.304 for a UE when measurements are performed less frequently. For example, if the measurement periodicity is T, the UE using relaxed measurements may only perform measurements every 2T. The measurement may be one or more measurements of a target cell or serving cell reference signal.
[0064] In some examples, the at least one idle mode operation may comprise one or more operations, such as monitoring of at least one paging occasion, monitoring of at least one paging early indication, monitoring of at least one wake-up signal, at least one cell measurement, cell re-selection, or system information (SI) acquisition, or any combination thereof.
[0065] In some examples, the information 205 is transmitted (202) by the network device 220, and received (204) by the terminal device 210. The terminal device 210 may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on receiving, from the network device 220, information 205 indicating that downlink (DL) data is not to be expected by the terminal device 210.
[0066] In some examples, the information 205 comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device 220. In other words, the information 205 indicates an empty buffer status at the network device 220.
[0067] In some examples, the information 205 is transmitted by the network device 220, and received by the terminal device 210 in a connected mode. In some examples, the information 205 is comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message from the network device 220. In some examples, the information 205 comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message from the network device 220. For example, in some example scenarios, the satellite / eNB releases connection and the UE moves to IDLE. In such examples, once the satellite / eNB has transmitted all buffered MT-type data, the satellite / eNB determines that no more downlink / MT-type data is expected, and transmits the RRC connection release message, which includes a new flag that indicates “no more DL data expected” (i.e., empty buffer status) . The UE may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on receiving the flag indicating that “no more DL data to be expected” (i.e., empty buffer status) . After successful reception of the RRC message (i.e. the RRC connection release message above) , the UE moves into an IDLE mode and determines that cell measurements, cell re-selection and SI re-acquisition actions may be skipped for subsequent cells. In some scenarios, the UE did not receive data from this satellite / eNB. In such examples, the RRC connection release message may include a new flag that indicates “no DL data expected” (i.e., empty buffer status) . The UE may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on receiving the flag indicating that “DL data is not to be expected” (i.e., empty buffer status) .
[0068] In some examples, the information 205 applies to multiple cells of the network device 220. For example, the information 205 will apply to all cells of the satellite (e.g. based on satellite ID) , which provided the cell that sent the flag.
[0069] In some examples, the information 205 applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message. The ID may be a physical cell ID or a satellite ID (multiple cells may have the same satellite ID) . For example, the RRC connection release message may include additional satellite IDs if the network is aware no further DL data is expected. In such examples, the information 205 may apply to some of or all the cells of the satellites with the additional satellite IDs.
[0070] In some examples, the information 205 is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed. For example, the information 205 is associated with a timer / time window, which defines how long the UE can skip the idle mode operations (i.e. it can also span more than the current satellite’s coverage time) .
[0071] In some examples, the terminal device 210 may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on expiration of a data inactivity timer, or based on expiration of t-service. For example, the UE may implicitly determine that the data is not to be expected, and can skip IDLE operations based on e.g., expiration of data inactivity timer or t-Service.
[0072] In some examples, the information 205 is received in an idle mode of the terminal device 210 in downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) , a paging early indication, or any combination thereof.
[0073] For example, the satellite / eNB has no MT-type data and the UE stays in IDLE. Once the satellite / eNB is available, the UE performs cell selection and monitors paging occasions (POs) in IDLE mode. No connection is established because the satellite carries no MT-type data. In such examples, the UE may determine that no data is expected and IDLE actions can be skipped through various options as below.
[0074] In one option, the eNB includes a “no expected data” indication (i.e., empty buffer status) over the (paging) DCI format N2. Bits 3 to 8 of direct indication information can be used for this purpose. The field of the direct indication information may further refer to Table 1. In another option, the eNB uses the paging message, which includes a new record list, indicating “no expected data” . After decoding this indication, the UE decides to skip the remaining POs, cell measurements, cell re-selection and SI re-acquisitions until the next satellite is available. It should be noted that the indication is per satellite and applicable to all cells belonging to this eNB. In a further option, the network signals the “no expected data” via the wake-up signal (WUS) . This will address the group of UEs configured to monitor the WUS. In another option, the network signals the “no expected data” via the paging early indication (PEI) , which could have a dedicated flag in the PEI DCI instead of the paging DCI.
[0075] In some examples, the DCI is received on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) . In some examples, the information 205 is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.
[0076] For example, the direct indication information is transmitted on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) using paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) without associated paging-NB message. This DCI message could be used to carry a “no-paging / empty data buffer” indication. Because it scrambles CRC using P-RNTI, all UEs camping in the cell and monitoring the specific PO (based on their UE IDs) will read the indication. An example of the direct indication information field enhanced with the proposed EmptyDataBufferIndication is shown in Table 1 below. In table 1, DCI for NB-IoT devices (an example of the UE) is scrambled using the P-RNTI.
[0077] Table 1
[0078] In some examples, the terminal device 210 may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: the “direct indication information” field of the DCI, and an ID of the terminal device 210 being present in a paging record list in the paging message. For example, the field “EmptyDataBufferIndication” in the Table 1 may be read by all UEs monitoring the specific PO, and may be used for indicating that no MT data is to be received. Alternatively, for example, the UEs are mandated to read also the corresponding paging record / message. The UEs which find their UE IDs in the list may continue monitoring or vice versa. In other words, the field “EmptyDataBufferIndication” being for indicating that no MT data is to be received only applies to the UEs whose UE ID is in the paging record list, or only applies to the UEs whose UE ID is not in the list.
[0079] In some examples, the DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) . For example, in case of eMTC devices in CONNECTED state, the eNB may include the “no data expected” indication as part of the DCI scrambled using SI-RNTI.
[0080] In some examples, the terminal device 210 may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on determining that an ID of the terminal device 210 is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message. Additionally or alternatively, the terminal device 210 may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on determining that a field for indicating a zero buffer is set to true. In some examples, on the network device 220 side, one or both of the above condition may be satisfied, that is, the ID of the terminal device 210 is comprised in the paging record list in the paging message, and / or the field for indicating the zero buffer in the paging message is set to true.
[0081] For example, the paging-NB message may be used for the purpose of notifying an indication “no more data” to one or more UEs. In some embodiments, a modification of the paging-NB message may be provided to capture this indication. For example, if the UE finds its UE ID in the paging record list, and the associated zero-Buffer-rXX is set to true, the UE may skip / relax cell measurements, cell re-selection and SI re-acquisition.
[0082] An example of proposed paging-NB message (including “no data expected” indication) in the present disclosure may be as below.
[0083] In some examples, the terminal device 210 may, based on determining that there is mobile originated (MO) data to be transmitted, perform the at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device 210. For example, it may be up to UE implementation whether to skip the idle mode operations. For example, if the UE is expecting uplink data, it may continue to perform the idle mode operations. Likewise, if the UE has skipped the idle mode operations, but then receives new uplink data the UE can perform a cell selection to facilitate the data transfer.
[0084] Some details of the above examples may further refer to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Fig. 3 illustrates an example process for optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 3, in the process 300, a UE 310 and a satellite / eNB 320 are involved. The UE 310 may be an example of the terminal device 101 mentioned in Figs. 1A and 1B. The satellite / eNB 320 may be an example of the network device 102 in Figs. 1A and 1B. In such examples, the UE 310 moves from CONNECTED state to IDLE state and skips IDLE state actions based on “no DL data” flag.
[0085] The satellite / eNB 320 starts coverage over UE’s area (first cell to cover the UE’s location is Cell A) . The satellite / eNB 320 and the UE 310 establish a connection and exchange data, as shown at 301, DL and / or UL data is transmitted. The eNB may transfer data if it has data in buffers / storage for this UE or the eNB may receive data from the UE in case of mobile-orignated data.
[0086] Then the satellite / eNB 320 completes the transmission (no MT-type data) and decides to terminate the connection via RRC connection release message. The RRC message also contains a flag indicating that the UE 310 may not expect data from the eNB because satellite / eNB 320 will not have connection to core network (CN) until beyond end of coverage. As shown at 302, the RRC connection release message including EmptyDataBufferIndication is transmitted from the satellite / eNB 320 to the UE 310.
[0087] At 303, the UE 310 processes the RRC connection release message and transits from CONNECTED state to IDLE state, that is, the UE 310 determines that no DL data is expected and moves to IDLE state. At 304, based on the indication (i.e. the indication at 302) , the UE 310 decides to skip the remaining cell measurements, cell re-selections and SI acquisitions.
[0088] In this step, the UE 310 determines that no MT-type data will be transfer from the eNB. In case the UE 310 has new MO-type data to transmit before the satellite’s end of coverage, the UE 310 could reach out the satellite / eNB 320 via legacy RRC connection establishment. It should be noted that the UE 310 may decide to completely skip the mentioned IDLE actions or relax / reduce frequency.
[0089] Fig. 4 illustrates another example process for optimizing idle procedures during store and forward operations according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. As shown in Fig. 4, in the process 400, a UE 410 and a satellite / eNB 420 are involved. The UE 410 may be an example of the terminal device 101 mentioned in Figs. 1A and 1B. The satellite / eNB 420 may be an example of the network device 102 in Figs. 1A and 1B. System information may be transmitted from the satellite / eNB 420 to the UE 410, as shown at 401a. In such examples, no connection is established with the satellite / eNB 420 and the UE 410 remains in IDLE. The UE 410 receives "no DL data" flag within direct indication information. Alternatively, in some other examples, such indication "no DL data" may be included in the paging message.
[0090] The satellite / eNB 420 starts coverage over UE’s area. In this case, the satellite / eNB 420 has no data in its buffers for this UE 410 and does not establish a connection. At 401, from the beginning of the coverage, the UE 410 is monitoring PO according to DRX configuration. At 402, once the satellite / eNB 420 determines that has no data for the UE 410, the satellite / eNB 420 transmits a direct indication information indicating that UE 410 may not expect any data from the satellite / eNB 420. The direct indication information includes an EmptyDataBuffer indication. In some other examples, this indication could also be contained in the paging message.
[0091] At 403, the UE 410 processes the NW indication (e.g. the indication at 402) and decides to skip / relax the remaining cell measurements, cell re-selections and SI acquisitions. That is the UE 410 determine that no DL data is expected and may skip cell measurements, cell re-selections and SI acquisitions.
[0092] After start of coverage of a new satellite, the UE resumes normal IDLE operations. If the UE has mobile-originated data it will still be able to initiate a connection with the relevant cell, but with a slightly longer delay because the UE may need to perform cell selection measurements and SI acquisition.
[0093] Fig. 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a terminal device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The terminal device performing the method 500 may be an example of the terminal device 101 or 210 above. At block 510, the terminal device may determine that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device. At block 520, the terminal device may skip or relax at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0094] In some examples, the terminal device may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: receiving, from the network device, information (the information in the method 500 may be an example of the information 205 above) indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device. In some examples, the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.
[0095] In some examples, the information is received in a connected mode of the terminal device, and comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message from the network device. In some examples, the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.
[0096] In some examples, the information applies to multiple cells of the network device. Alternatively, the information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message. In some examples, the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.
[0097] In some examples, the terminal device may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: expiration of a data inactivity timer; or expiration of t-service.
[0098] In some examples, the information is received in an idle mode of the terminal device in the following: downlink control information (DCI) ; a paging message; a wake-up signal (WUS) ; or a paging early indication; or any combination thereof.
[0099] In some examples, the DCI is received on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) . Alternatively, the DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) . In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI. In some examples, the terminal device may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: a “direct indication information” field of the DCI; and an ID of the terminal device being present in a paging record list in the paging message.
[0100] In some examples, the terminal device may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: determining that an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message, and / or determining that a field for indicating a zero buffer is set to true.
[0101] In some examples, the terminal device may, based on determining that there is mobile originated (MO) data to be transmitted, perform the at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0102] In some examples, the at least one idle mode operation comprises: monitoring of at least one paging occasion, monitoring of at least one paging early indication, monitoring of at least one wake-up signal, at least one cell measurement, cell re-selection, or system information (SI) acquisition, or any combination thereof.
[0103] In some examples, the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some examples, the network device is a satellite.
[0104] Fig. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method implemented at a network device according to some embodiments of the present disclosure. The network device performing the method 600 may be an example of the network device 102 or 220 above.
[0105] At block 610, the network device may transmit, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device. The information in the method 600 may be an example of the information 205 above.
[0106] In some examples, the information indicates that there is no MT data to be transmitted by indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device. In some examples, the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.
[0107] In some examples, the information is transmitted to the terminal device in a connected mode, and comprised in the RRC connection release message to the terminal device. In some examples, the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.
[0108] In some examples, the information applies to multiple cells of the network device. Alternatively, the information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message. In some examples, the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.
[0109] In some examples, the information is transmitted in at least one of the DCI, the paging message, the WUS or the paging early indication to the terminal device in an idle mode.
[0110] In some examples, the DCI is transmitted on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) . Alternatively, the DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) . In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.
[0111] In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI, and an ID of the terminal device is present in a paging record list in the paging message.
[0112] In some examples, an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message, and a field for indicating a zero buffer in the paging message is set to true.
[0113] In some examples, the information is associated with one or more of the following operations at the terminal device: monitoring of at least one paging occasion, monitoring of at least one paging early indication, monitoring of at least one wake-up signal, at least one cell measurement, cell re-selection, or system information (SI) acquisition.
[0114] In some examples, the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some examples, the network device is a satellite.
[0115] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 500 (for example, the terminal device 101 or 210) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0116] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for determining that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; and means for skipping or relaxing at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0117] In some examples, the means for determining that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: receiving, from the network device, information indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device.
[0118] In some examples, the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.
[0119] In some examples, the information is received in a connected mode of the terminal device, and comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message from the network device. In some examples, the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.
[0120] In some examples, the information applies to multiple cells of the network device. Alternatively, the information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message. In some examples, the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.
[0121] In some examples, the means for determining that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: expiration of a data inactivity timer; or expiration of t-service.
[0122] In some examples, the information is received in an idle mode of the terminal device in the following: downlink control information (DCI) ; a paging message; a wake-up signal (WUS) ; or a paging early indication; or any combination thereof.
[0123] In some examples, the DCI is received on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) . Alternatively, the DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) . In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.
[0124] In some examples, the means for determining that there is no MT data to be received based on: a “direct indication information” field of the DCI; and an ID of the terminal device being present in a paging record list in the paging message.
[0125] In some examples, the means for determining that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received may determine that there is no MT data to be received based on: determining that an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message and / or determining that a field for indicating a zero buffer is set to true.
[0126] In some examples, the apparatus may comprise means for, based on determining that there is mobile originated (MO) data to be transmitted, performing the at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.
[0127] In some examples, the at least one idle mode operation comprises: monitoring of at least one paging occasion, monitoring of at least one paging early indication, monitoring of at least one wake-up signal, at least one cell measurement, cell re-selection, or system information (SI) acquisition, or any combination thereof.
[0128] In some examples, the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some examples, the network device is a satellite.
[0129] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 500. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0130] In some embodiments, an apparatus capable of performing any of the method 600 (for example, the network device 102 or 220) may comprise means for performing the respective steps of the method 600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.
[0131] In some embodiments, the apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.
[0132] In some examples, the information indicates that there is no MT data to be transmitted by indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device. In some examples, the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.
[0133] In some examples, the information is transmitted to the terminal device in a connected mode, and comprised in the RRC connection release message to the terminal device. In some examples, the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.
[0134] In some examples, the information applies to multiple cells of the network device. Alternatively, the information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message. In some examples, the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.
[0135] In some examples, the information is transmitted in at least one of the DCI, the paging message, the WUS or the paging early indication to the terminal device in an idle mode.
[0136] In some examples, the DCI is transmitted on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) . Alternatively, the DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) . In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.
[0137] In some examples, the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI, and an ID of the terminal device is present in a paging record list in the paging message.
[0138] In some examples, an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message, and a field for indicating a zero buffer in the paging message is set to true.
[0139] In some examples, the information is associated with one or more of the following operations at the terminal device: monitoring of at least one paging occasion, monitoring of at least one paging early indication, monitoring of at least one wake-up signal, at least one cell measurement, cell re-selection, or system information (SI) acquisition.
[0140] In some examples, the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . In some examples, the network device is a satellite.
[0141] In some embodiments, the apparatus further comprises means for performing other steps in some embodiments of the method 600. In some embodiments, the means comprises at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, the at least one memory and computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the performance of the apparatus.
[0142] Fig. 7 is a simplified block diagram of a device 700 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 700 may be provided to implement the communication device, for example the terminal device or the network device. As shown, the device 700 includes one or more processors 710, one or more memories 720 coupled to the processor 710, and one or more communication modules 740 coupled to the processor 710.
[0143] The communication modules 740 is for bidirectional communications. The communication modules 740 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements.
[0144] The processor 710 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may include one or more of the following: general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 700 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.
[0145] The memory 720 may include one or more non-volatile memories and one or more volatile memories. Examples of the non-volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a Read Only Memory (ROM) 724, an electrically programmable read only memory (EPROM) , a flash memory, a hard disk, a compact disc (CD) , a digital video disk (DVD) , and other magnetic storage and / or optical storage. Examples of the volatile memories include, but are not limited to, a random access memory (RAM) 722 and other volatile memories that will not last in the power-down duration.
[0146] A computer program 730 includes computer executable instructions that are executed by the associated processor 710. The program 730 may be stored in the ROM 724. The processor 710 may perform any suitable actions and processing by loading the program 730 into the RAM 722.
[0147] The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by means of the program 730 so that the device 700 may perform any process of the disclosure as discussed with reference to Figs. 2 to 6. The embodiments of the present disclosure may also be implemented by hardware or by a combination of software and hardware.
[0148] In some embodiments, the program 730 may be tangibly contained in a computer readable medium which may be included in the device 700 (such as in the memory 720) or other storage devices that are accessible by the device 700. The device 700 may load the program 730 from the computer readable medium to the RAM 722 for execution. The computer readable medium may include any types of tangible non-volatile storage, such as ROM, EPROM, a flash memory, a hard disk, CD, DVD, and the like. Fig. 8 shows an example of the computer readable medium 800 in form of CD or DVD. The computer readable medium has the program 730 stored thereon.
[0149] Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representations, it is to be understood that the block, apparatus, system, technique or method described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
[0150] The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the method 500 or 600 as described above with reference to Figs. 2-6. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.
[0151] Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
[0152] In the context of the present disclosure, the computer program codes or related data may be carried by any suitable carrier to enable the device, apparatus or processor to perform various processes and operations as described above. Examples of the carrier include a signal, computer readable medium, and the like.
[0153] The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the computer readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. The term “non-transitory, ” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0154] Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.
[0155] Although the present disclosure has been described in languages specific to structural features and / or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
Claims
1.A terminal device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the terminal device at least to:determine that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; andskip or relax at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.2.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that there is no MT data to be received based on:receiving, from the network device, information indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device.3.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.4.The terminal device of claim 2 or 3, wherein the information is received in a connected mode of the terminal device, and comprised in a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message from the network device.5.The terminal device of claim 4, wherein the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.6.The terminal device of claim 2, wherein:the information applies to multiple cells of the network device; orthe information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message.7.The terminal device of any of claim 2-4, wherein the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.8.The terminal device of claim 1, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that there is no MT data to be received based on:expiration of a data inactivity timer; orexpiration of t-service.9.The terminal device of claim 2 or 3, wherein the information is received in an idle mode of the terminal device in at least one of the following:downlink control information (DCI) ;a paging message;a wake-up signal (WUS) ; ora paging early indication.10.The terminal device of claim 9, wherein:the DCI is received on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) ; orthe DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) .11.The terminal device of claim 9 or 10, wherein the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.12.The terminal device of claim 9 or 10, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that there is no MT data to be received based on:a “direct indication information” field of the DCI; andan ID of the terminal device being present in a paging record list in the paging message.13.The terminal device of claim 9, wherein the terminal device is caused to determine that there is no MT data to be received based on at least one of the following:determining that an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message; ordetermining that a field for indicating a zero buffer is set to true.14.The terminal device of any of claims 1-13, wherein the terminal device is further caused to:based on determining that there is mobile originated (MO) data to be transmitted, perform the at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.15.The terminal device of any of claims 1-14, wherein the at least one idle mode operation comprises at least one of the following:monitoring of at least one paging occasion;monitoring of at least one paging early indication;monitoring of at least one wake-up signal;at least one cell measurement;cell re-selection; orsystem information (SI) acquisition.16.The terminal device of any of claims 1-15, wherein the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .17.The terminal device of any of claims 1-16, wherein the network device is a satellite.18.A network device comprising:at least one processor; andat least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the network device at least to:transmit, to a terminal device and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.19.The network device of claim 18, wherein the information indicates that there is no MT data to be transmitted by:indicating that downlink data is not to be expected by the terminal device.20.The network device of claim 17, wherein the information comprises an indication of an empty buffer status at the network device.21.The network device of any of claims 18-20, wherein the information is transmitted to the terminal device in a connected mode, and comprised in the RRC connection release message to the terminal device.22.The network device of claim 21, wherein the information comprises a flag in the RRC connection release message.23.The network device of claim 18, wherein:the information applies to multiple cells of the network device; orthe information applies to multiple cells of at least one network device with at least one identity (ID) included in the RRC connection release message.24.The network device of claim 21 or 23, wherein the information is associated with a time window during which the at least one idle mode operation is to be skipped or relaxed.25.The network device of any of claims 18-20, wherein the information is transmitted in at least one of the DCI, the paging message, the WUS or the paging early indication to the terminal device in an idle mode.26.The network device of claim 25, wherein:the DCI is transmitted on a narrowband physical downlink control channel (NPDCCH) and scrambled using a paging radio network temporary identifier (P-RNTI) ; orthe DCI is scrambled using a system information radio network temporary identifier (SI-RNTI) .27.The network device of any of claims 18 or 25-26, wherein the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI.28.The network device of any of claims 18 or 25-26, wherein:the information is included in a “direct indication information” field of the DCI; andan ID of the terminal device is present in a paging record list in the paging message.29.The network device of claim 25, wherein:an ID of the terminal device is comprised in a paging record list in the paging message; anda field for indicating a zero buffer in the paging message is set to true.30.The network device of any of claims 18-29, wherein the information is associated with at least one of the following operations at the terminal device:monitoring of at least one paging occasion;monitoring of at least one paging early indication;monitoring of at least one wake-up signal;at least one cell measurement;cell re-selection; orsystem information (SI) acquisition.31.The network device of any of claims 18-30, wherein the terminal device and the network device are in a non-terrestrial network (NTN) .32.The network device of any of claims 18-31, wherein the network device is a satellite.33.A method comprising:determining, at a terminal device, that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; andskipping or relaxing at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.34.A method comprising:transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.35.An apparatus comprising:means for determining, at a terminal device, that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be received from a network device; andmeans for skipping or relaxing at least one idle mode operation of the terminal device.36.An apparatus comprising:means for transmitting, at a network device and to a terminal device, and via at least one of a radio resource control (RRC) connection release message, downlink control information (DCI) , a paging message, a wake-up signal (WUS) or a paging early indication, information indicating that there is no mobile terminated (MT) data to be transmitted to the terminal device.37.A computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the method of any of claims 33-34.